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MAY, 1903.]
NOTES ON INDIAN HISTORY AND GEOGRAPITY.
that the Ratts princes belonged to the same lineage with Krishna III., is, however, distinctly made in the Nêsargi record of A. D. 1218, which places Sêna II. in the royal lineage (rájánvaya) of Krishna III. And it is repeated in the Happikere or Hannikêri record of A. D. 1257, in that part of it which is connected with the date of A. D. 1209; that part of the record places Kartavirya III. in the continuous succession of Krishna III., using a word, santati, which is often, and quite justifiably, translated by 'lineage, race, progeny, offspring.' These two passages are quite open to the interpretation that Sêna II. and his son Kârtavirya III. were actual descendants of Krishna III. And we thus have at any rate a claim that the Ratta princes of Saundatti belonged to the same lineage with the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III., and perhaps a claim that they were actually descended from him. How far the claim, in either form, was based upon fact, we cannot at present finally decide. The Ratta genealogy has not yet been traced back beyond the person who is mentioned as Nannabhupa in the Saundatti record of A. D. 1096 or thereabouts, and as Nannanṛipâla in the Saundatti record of A. D. 1048,40 and as Nannapayyarâna in the Sogal record of A. D. 980, and, in all three records as the father of Kartavirya I. who, in July, A. D. 980, was ruling the Kundi country under the Western Châlukya king Taila II. Though Taila II. had, shortly before that time, overthrown the Rashtrakutas of Malkhêd, that is no reason why he should not have allowed connections or descendants of them to continue to hold power as local rulers under himself. And the date established for Kârtarirya I. is not inconsistent with the possibility that his father Nanna was a protégé or even a son of Krishna III. On the other hand, the fact that the banner and crest of the Rattas of Saundatti were different from the banner and crest of the Rashtrakutas of Malkhêd,42 is opposed to an identity of lineage. Further, the Kalasipur inscription of A. D. 933, of the time of Govinda IV., mentions a Mahasamanta, whose name has not as yet been determined, but whom it describes as "lord of the town of Lattalûr," and as "heralded by the sounds of the musical instrument called trivali."43 Those titles make it practically certain that that Mahasamanta was a Ratta. That record thus tends to carry back the family of the feudatory Ratta princes to before the time of Krishna III. And it is possible that the claim in connection with Krishna III., advanced in later times by the Rattas of Saundatti, may be based upon nothing but the probable point that they belonged to the same tribe or clan with the Rashtrakuta kings of Malkhed, and upon the certain fact that, of those kings, Krishna III. was well remembered, in the territory part of which formed the. possessions of the Rattas of Saundatti, as the brother-in-law of the Western Ganga prince Bûtuga II., whose memory was very well preserved there in connection with the restoration of the Jain temples that had been destroyed by the Chôla invaders.
221
The town Kandharapura, which is mentioned in connection with Krishna III. in the Hangikere or Haņņikêri record of A. D. 1257, No. 4, page 217 above, seems to be a purely imaginary place. At any rate, no allusion to it has been met with in the Rashtrakuta records. But, at Hire-Kummi and Sattigeri in the Parasgaḍ taluka of the Belgaum district, and at Surkôd or Sarkôr in the neighbouring Râmdurg State, there are some spurious copper-plate charters. without dates, which purport to have been issued by a Chakravartin Kanhara and KrishnaKanhara, meaning, again, Krishna III., whom they style "supreme lord of Kandharapura;" and the Surkôd or Surkôr charter further describes him as reigning at Kanharapura.
The Mukula or Chellakêtana family.
The Nidagundi inscription of the time of Amôghavarsha I., edited by me in Ep. Ind. Vol. VII., makes mention of a governor of his, named Bankêya or Bankéyarasa, possessing
40 This record is at the temple of Ankalêsvara or Ankné évara. It has not been published yet; but it has been mentioned by me in Jour. Bo. Br. R. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. 172 f., and in Dyn. Kan. Distrs. pp. 553, 554.
1 See Dyn. Kan. Distrs. pp. 423, 553; and Prof. Kielhorn's List of the Inscriptions of Southern India, in the Appendix to Ep. Ind. Vol. VII. p. 26, No. 141.
42 See Ep. Ind. Vol. VII. p.
43 See ibid., page See Dyn. Kan. Distrs, p. 550, note 6; and Vol. XXX. above, p. 217, note 65.
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