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he has changed the order of the Sutras according to subjects in grammar. His work thus corresponds to the Siddhantakaumudi of Bhattoji Diksita. The order of the dialects, however, has been preserved. He does not give copious examples, nor any quotations and therefore is not of much value to Apabhramsa.
Lakṣmidhara quotes Trivikrama with respect, and says "those who want to explain the difficult Vrtti of Trivikrama should look into Sadbhaṣācandrika, which is of the nature of a commentary on it." He is thus later than Trivikrama and earlier than Appayadīkṣita" who mentions him along with others in his Prakritamanidipa. As the latter lived during the latter half of the 16th century, Laksmidhara must be placed in the 15th or the beginning of the 16th at the latest.
(c) Simharaja's Prakritarupavatara is a commentary on the Valmikisutras like that of Lakṣmidhara. The former has commented upon 575 only out of the total 1085 Sutras. He no doubt gives more forms than Hemacandra Trivikrama, Laksmidhara, e. g. under Susasoh XXII 8 he gives a lot of forms of Caduvvugha; but there is no variety in them. Nor are any quotations given. The work therefore is not of much use for Apabhramsa.
Simharaja does not say to whom the Sutras belong. In fact, if we argued from his introduction to the Sutras where he says, "In order to let (people) know the scientific terminology, the names and technical terms are being described," the Sutras also will have to be ascribed to him. Such is however not the case. He simply took the Sutras as they were, and without caring to know or to mention who the author was, commented on them.
Hultzsch points out that the author has two unnamed quotations, one of which is from Bhattoji's Siddhantakaumudi and the other from Nāgoji's* Paribhaṣendusekhara. Simharaja is therefore a very late writer, scarcely a couple of centuries old. It may be mentioned here that unlike the other three writers of the school, he is a Brahmin and not a Jain.
(5) Mārkaṇḍeya's Prakṛtasarvasvac is an important work; (i) as it does not belong to the Western or Jain school, (ii) as it gives the dialects
* qft àfanat qai oulfagurafta à gur: 1
भाषाचन्द्रिका तैस्तद्व्याख्यारूपा विलोक्यताम् ॥ Introductory v. 16. See also I 1, 1. वृत्तिकार त्रिविक्रमदेववचनात् ।
2 Hultzsch, op. cit. p. IV; Trivedi, op. cit. Intr. p. 17.
3 Ed. Hultzsch p. 1 तत्रादी शास्त्रीयसंव्यवहारपरिज्ञापनार्थ संज्ञा परिभाषे वयेते.
4 Op. Cit. VII. Bhaṭṭanathaswamin is right when he sneers at Prof. Hultzsch's rendering of graf XII 42 by eastern grammar'. Ind. Ant. 1911 p. 223.
5 Bhaṭṭanathaswamin, 1. c. is not right in placing him in the 18th or 14th century. 6 Edited by Bhaṭṭanaswamin, Granthapradarsani series, February to June 1912.
