Paniniya Vyakarana Tantra Artha aur Sambhashana Sandarbha

Author(s): Vasantkumar Bhatt
Publisher: L D Indology Ahmedabad
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002635/1

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pANinIya vyAkaraNa - tantra, artha aura sambhASaNa sandarbha Paniniya Vyakarana - Tantra, Artha aura Sambhasana Sandarbha L. D. Series : 135 General Editor Jitendra B. Shah Vasantkumar Bhatt L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD - 380 009 Vain Ed

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Paniniya Vyakarana - Tantra, Artha aura Sambhasana Sandarbha L. D. Series : 135 General Editor Jitendra B. Shah Vasantkumar Bhatt L. D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHMEDABAD - 380 009

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L. D. Series : 135 Paniniya Vyakarana - Tantra, Artha aura Sambhasana Sandarbha Vasantkumar Bhatt Published by Dr. Jitendra B. Shah Director L.D.Institute of Indology Ahmedabad (c) L. D. Institute of Indology First Edition : May, 2003 ISBN 81 - 85857 - 17-2 Copies : 500 Price : Rs. 63/ Typesetting Dhrumil Graphics, Naranpura, Ahmedabad - 380 013 Printer Manibhadra Printers, 3, Vijay House, Parth Tower, Nava Vadaj, Ahmedabad - 380 013.

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pANinIya vyAkaraNa - tantra, artha aura sambhASaNa sandarbha lA. da. grantha zreNI : 135 pradhAna saMpAdaka jitendra bI. zAha vasantakumAra bhaTTa lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira - ahamadAbAda - 380 009

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lA. da. granthazreNI : 135 pANinIya vyAkaraNa - tantra, artha aura sambhASaNa sandarbha vasantakumAra bhaTTa prakAzaka DaoN. jitendrabhAI bI. zAha niyAmaka lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ahamadAbAda (c) lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira prathama AvRtti : me 2003 ISBN 81-85857-17-2 prati : 500 mUlya : ru. 65 / : TAipa seTIMga : dhumila grAphiksa nAraNapurA, ahamadAbAda - 380 013. : mudraka : mANibhadra prinTarsa 3, vijaya hAusa, pArtha TAvara, navA vADaja, ahamadAbAda - 380 013.

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pANInIya vyAkaraNa tantra, artha aura sambhASaNa sandarbha grantha prakAzita karate hue hama atyanta harSa kI anubhUti kara rahe haiM / saMsthAna ke saMsthApaka evaM dIrghadraSTA zreSThIvarya zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI kI puNyasmRti meM hamAre saMsthAna dvArA pratyeka varSa vyAkhyAna zRMkhalA kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA / isa zRMkhalA meM vibhinna viSayoM ke vidvAn vyAkhyAna hetu Amantrita kie jAte haiM / isa varSa vyAkaraNazAstra ke marmajJa vidvAn pro. vasantakumAra bhaTTane hamAre AmantraNa ko svIkAra karake pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para tIna vidvadbhogya vyAkhyAna die / vartamAna yuga meM prAcIna zAstroM kA adhyayana kSINa ho rahA hai| utanA hI nahIM vyAkaraNazAstra kA adhyayana to atyaMta kSINa ho cUkA hai / aisI sthiti meM bhAratIya zAstroM kI paraMparA ko jIvaMta rakhane hetu saMsthAna dvArA yatkicit prayAsa kiyA jA rahA haiM, isI zRMkhalAmeM prastuta pravacana zreNI bhI eka hai / aise pravacanoM ke dvArA jijJAsuoM kI zAstroM ke prati abhiruci meM vRddhi hotI haiM vahIM adhyayana-adhyApana kI dhArA bhI punaH jIvIta ho sakatI hai| isa vyAkhyAnamAlA kA Ayojana bhI isI bhAvanA kA sAkAra rUpa hai| pro. vasantakumAra bhaTTane vyAkaraNa jaise zuSka zAstra ko pravacana kA viSaya banAkara apane ciMtana ko mUrta svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai usake lie hama unake AbhArI hai / hameM pUrNa zraddhA hai ki prastuta vyAkhyAnoM se vyAkaraNazAstra ke jijJAsuoM ko lAbha hogA / isa grantha ke prakAzana kArya ko saMpanna karAne meM sahayogI sabhI kA AbhAra jJApita karate haiM / tA. 31.5.2003 prakAzakIya - jitendra zAha

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asmadIyam zreSThI zrI kasturabhAI lAlabhAI kI pAvana smRti meM Ayojita isa vyAkhyAna-zreNI meM mujhe "pANinIya vyAkaraNa-tantra, artha aura sambhASaNa sandarbha" viSayaka tIna vyAkhyAna prastuta karate hue parama harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai / vyAkaraNa zAstra kA adhyayana-adhyApana karate samaya kadAcit koI nUtana vicAra-kaNikA kA anAyAsa AvirbhAva ho jAtA haiM / usI ko lekara ye vyAkhyAna taiyAra kiye gaye haiM / pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI eka 'tantra' ke rUpa meM jo AkRti hamAre manazcakSu ke sAmane Akara dikhAI de rahI hai, usa AkRti ke vicAra ke sAtha pANinIya-vidvadvanda yadi sammati pradAna karegA to yaha parizrama sArthaka siddha hogA / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'artha' ke sandarbha meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai, usa meM pUrvasUriyoM kA yathAvasara RNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / aura vArtikakAra ke avadAna kI carcA bhI nUtana dRSTi se kI gaI hai / AzA hai ki vidvAnoM ko yaha vyAkhyAna upayukta pratIta hoMgeM / Aja maiM mere pANinIya vyAkaraNazAstra ke vidyApradAtA paramazraddheya guruvarya paM. zrI bAlakRSNa paJcolIjI evaM paM. zrI cimanalAla ja. paNDayA kI pAvanakAriNI smRti ko vandana karatA hU~ / aura isa vyAkhyAna zreNI meM adhyakSa sthAna para birAjamAna pro. DaoN. tapasvI nAndIjI, DaoN. bhagavatI prasAda paNDyAjI, evaM mere priyasuhRd 'sakhA ' DaoN. kamaleza kumAra coksI ko sAdara praNAmAJjali detA huuN| __isa vyAkhyAna mAlA meM mere pANinIya viSayaka vicAroM ko abhivyakta karane kA maukA pradAna karane para DaoN. jitendrabhAI zAha kA meM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| aura sAtha meM prakAzana ityAdi kI vyavasthA meM sahayoga dekara pro. kAnajIbhAI paTelane aura yuvAmitra DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmAne bhI bar3A sahakAra diyA haiM / maiM inake prati bhI AbhArI huuN| mere chAtragaNa ko bhI Aja maiM sAdhuvAda de kara, isa zAstra kA saMrakSaNa saMvarddhana karane ke lie protsAhita karatA hU~ / rASTrabhASA meM vyAkhyAna likhane kA yaha prathama prayAsa haiM / ataH hindI bhASA kI truTiyAM ke lie maiM kSamAprArthI hU~ | vasantakumAra bhaTTa adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda - 380 009

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anukramaNikA 1. pANinIya vyAkaraNa : cakravat ghUmatA huA eka tantra 2. pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM 'artha' kA sthAna, svarUpa evaM kArya 3. sambhASaNa-sandarbha ke puraskartA-vArtikakAra

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[1] 1 OM pANinIya vyAkaraNa : cakravat ghUmatA huA eka tantra ( prathama vyAkhyAna ) yenAkSarasamAmnAyam adhigamya mahezvarAt / kRtsnaM vyAkaraNaM proktaM tasmai pANinaye namaH // 0.0 bhUmikA : maharSi pANini (500-400 IsA pUrva) ne vaidika sAhitya meM prayukta evaM loka meM pracalita saMskRta bhASA kA sampUrNa evaM anavadya " aSTAdhyAyI" vyAkaraNa banAyA hai / kAzikAkAra kahate haiM ki prAcIna bhArata meM 'AkumAraM yazaH pANineH / ' (1-4-89 ityatra mahAbhASyam) kizorAvasthAvAle bAlakoM taka pANini kA yaza phaila gayA thA / yaha vyAkaraNa apanI apUrva evaM advitIya vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa Aja sAre saMsAra meM suprasiddha ho gayA hai / ataH " pANinizabdo loke prakAzate / " (2 - 1 - 6 ityatra kAzikA) yaha ukti sAmpratakAlameM bhI itanI hI prastuta hai / " pANini" zabda isa saMsAra meM cirakAla se prakAzamAna aura avismaraNIya bhI hai / 0.1 pANinIya vyAkaraNakI vizeSatAyeM : pANini kA 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa jina pA~ca vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa vizvaprasiddha banA hai, ve isa prakAra haiM : (1) 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa asAdhAraNa lAghava sAdhaka yukti - prayuktiyA~ ke sAtha likhA gayA hai / (2) loka meM pracalita evaM veda meM prayukta saMskRta bhASA kA yugapad nirUpaNa karanevAlA yaha ekamAtra vyAkaraNa hai / (3) vaha "vAkyasaMskArapakSa" kA puraskAra karanevAlA (Sentence level kA) vyAkaraNa hai / (4) vaha prayogArha sAdhu zabdoM (= vAkya) kA niSpAdaka tantra ( Generative grammar) hai| (5) evameva vaha saMskRtabhASA ke varNanAtmaka prakAra (Descriptive, grammar) kA vyAkaraNa hai I pANini ne apane 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa ko aneka taraha se lAghavapUrNa; asaMdigdha evaM astobha banAne aura sAtha hI vAkyasaMskArapakSa kA puraskAra karane ke lie aneka prakAra kI

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[2] yukti-prayuktiyoM kA AzrayaNa kiyA hai| jisake phalasvarUpa unakA vyAkaraNa, eka 'tantra' (Machine) ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA hai / 0.2 trividha AyAmoM se "tantra" kA nirmANa : ___'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa ko eka 'tantra' kA svarUpa denevAle trividha AyAma nimnavat haiM :(ka) lAghavasAdhaka yukti-prayuktioM kA prayoga : jisa meM pratyAhAra, anuvRtti, gaNapATha, anubandha, ghi, nadI ityAdi kRtrima saMjJAoM kA parigaNana kiyA jAtA hai / (kha) sUtroM ke pArasparika bAdhya-bAdhakabhAva kA nirdhAraNa : jisa meM (1) aSTAdhyAyI grantha kA sapAda-saptAdhyAyI evaM tripAdI meM vibhAjana, arthAt sUtroM ke bIca pUrvatva-paratvabhAva, evaM siddha-asiddha bhAva; (2) antaraGga-bahiraGgabhAva aura . (3) sUtroM meM utsargApavAdabhAva ityAdi nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM / (ga) vAkyaniSpatti kI sudRr3ha prakriyA kA pradarzana : jisa meM, vAkyaniSpatti ko pramukha uddezya banAkara sunizcita prakriyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai evaM tadantargata, prAthamika stara para padatva saMpAdaka-vidhioM kA pradarzana karate hue, dvitIya stara para padoddezyaka-vidhiyA~ prastuta kI gaI haiM / pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke ina trividha AyAmoM ne hI, usako eka 'tantra' (word or sentence producing machine) kA rUpa de diyA hai| yahA~ para yaha dhyAtavya hai ki isa pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra ke lie vAkyaniSpatti hI antima sAdhya yA lakSya hai / usa lakSya kI prApti ke lie lAghavasiddhi ke upAya evaM sUtroM kA pArasparika bAdhyabAdhakabhAva prakaTa karanevAle upAya kevala sAdhana svarUpa hI haiM / prastuta vyAkhyAna meM pANinIya-vyAkaraNa kA eka 'tantra' ke rUpa meM pUrA paricaya denA abhISTa nahIM hai; parantu isakA cakravat nirantara ghUmate hue eka 'tantra' ke rUpa meM paricaya denA hI abhISTa hai / ataH pUrvokta (ka) evaM (kha) binduoM para vicAra nahIM kiyA jAyegA / 1.0 pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM rUpAkhyAna-paddhati : prathama vyAkhyAna meM kahA gayA hai ki pANini kA vyAkaraNa pRthakkaraNAtmaka nahIM hai, balki prakRti aura pratyaya ke saMyojana kI prakriyA sikhAne vAlA vyAkaraNa hai / kisI bhI 'vAkya' meM avinAbhAva sambandha se jur3e hue subanta evaM tiGanta padoM kI rUpasAdhanikA ke jo pA~ca sopAna pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM vaha nimnavat haiM :

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[3] (1) sarvaprathama vivakSita artha kA pradarzana; arthAt pratyaya se abhidheya (abhISTa) artha kA pUrva meM (in put ke rUpa meM) nirdhAraNa / yathA :- bhU sattAyAm ' / yA DukRJ karaNe' / (dhAtupATha), vartamAne laT / 3-2-123, (anabhihite) karmaNi dvitIyA / 2-3-2; apavarge' tRtIyA / 2- 3 - 6, bahuSu bahuvacanam / 3-4-21 ityAdi / isa taraha dekheM to kisI bhI 'pada' kI rUpaprakriyA meM 'artha' Arambhabindu hai / (2) (dravyAdi yA kriyArUpa kozagata) artha kI vAcikA prakRti evaM liGgavacanAdirUpa vyAkaraNika arthoM ke vAcaka pratyaya kI sthApanA dvitIya sopAna para kI jAtI hai / (3) rUpasAdhanikA ke tRtIya sopAna para, sthAnyAdeza -bhAva kI prayukti kA AzrayaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM prakRti ke svarUpa ko madhye najara rakhate hue, AvazyakatAnusAra sthAnibhUta sAdhAraNa pratyaya ke sthAna para, kisI naye Adeza kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / ( 4 ) prakRti aura pratyaya kA saMyojana karane se pahale, AvazyakatAnusAra koI vikaraNa pratyaya yA AgamabhUta varNa kA ucita sthAna para praveza karavAnA bhI jarUrI hotA hai / aise AgamavidhAna prAyaH caturtha sopAna para dikhAI dete haiM / (5) antima sopAna para, prakRti aura pratyaya meM, saMhitAjanya dhvaniparivartana (dhvanivikAra) kiyA jAtA hai, jisa ke phalasvarUpa subanta evaM tiGanta 'pada' kI siddhi pUrNatA ko prApta karatI hai / 1 * * niruktakAra yAska jaise AcAryoM ne mAnA hai ki bhASA meM cAra prakAra ke zabda hote haiM yathA--nAma, AkhyAta, upasarga evaM nipAta / jabaki maharSi pANini ne vAkya ke antargata do hI prakAra ke 'pada' mAne haiM ( suptiGantaM padam / 1-4 -14 ) aura ina do prakAra ke padoM kI rUpasAdhanikA meM jo sopAnaGkti hai, vaha pUrvokta krama meM (hI) prAyaH dikhAI detI hai / 1.1 sthAnyAdeza - bhAva kI prayukti : sAdhanikA ke uparyukta krama meM tRtIya sthAna para jo sthAnyAdeza - bhAva kI prayukti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usako sodAharaNa vizada karane kI AvazyakatA hai / yathA (ka) (rUDha) nAmavAcaka prakRti ( prAtipadika) ko laganevAle 21 sAmAnya rUpaghaTaka (= rUpima ) pratyayoM kA parigaNana karate hue pANini ne eka sUtra likhA hai - --

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bhis bhyAm bhyas bhyAm bhyas os svaujasamauT chaSTAbhyAmbhis DebhyAmbhyas usibhyAmbhyas-GasosAm Gyossup / 4-1-2 dhAtubhinna, pratyayabhinna, pratyayAntabhinna ho aise arthavAn zabdasvarUpa kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA hotI hai / aura sabhI prAtipadikasaMjJaka zabdoM ko bhinna bhinna vibhaktiyoM meM uparyukta sUtra 4-1-2 meM vihita 21 sAdhAraNa pratyaya lagate haiM, jinakA vizleSaNa nimnokta hai : ekavacana dvivacana bahuvacana prathamAvibhakti jas dvitIyAvibhakti zas tRtIyAvibhakti bhyAm caturthIvibhakti paJcamIvibhakti SaSThIvibhakti Gas os Am saptamIvibhakti sup ina 21 sAdhAraNa pratyayoM ko 'sup vibhakti' kahate haiM / yahA~ para prathamA vibhakti ke 'su' pratyaya se, saptamI bahuvacana ke 'sup' pratyaya ke antima varNa anubandha 'p' ko jar3a jor3akara eka "sup' pratyAhAra banAyA jAtA hai / yaha 'sup' pratyaya jina nAmoM (prAtipadikoM) meM lage hote haiM, una sup pratyayAnta nAmoM ko "subanta-pada" kahate haiM / yathA - rAma + au = rAmau / __nAma (prAtipadika) ko laganevAle 21 sAmAnya pratyaya (rUpaghaTaka morphime arthAt rUpima) to lakSaNakAra pANini ne batAye haiN| lekina vAstavika lakSya (arthAt prayogAvasthA) meM to koI eka nizcita artha vyakta karane ke lie vibhinna pratyaya (= uparUpaghaTaka = uparUpima) dekhane ko milate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie - pANini ne apane tantra meM svaujasamauT0 / 4-1-2 sUtra se caturthI vibhakti ekavacana kA eka hI sAmAnya pratyaya (rUpaghaTaka) Ge batAyA hai / parantu vyavahAra meM (bhASA meM) to isI artha meM (yAne caturthI vibhakti ekavacana meM) rAmAya, sarvasmai, sarvasyai, jJAnine, jagate, vAce, mAlAyai, nadyai , kavaye-bhAnave, tubhyam-mahyam jaise vibhinna prakAra ke caturthI vibhaktyanta pada sunAI par3ate haiM / ataH pANini kI rUpAkhyAna paddhati ko jo adhyetA tArkika dRSTi se AtmasAt karanA cAhatA hai usI ke dimAga meM yaha prazna uThegA 1. arthavad adhAturapratyayaH prAtipadikam / pA. sU. 1-2-45.

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[5] ki lakSaNa (= 4-1-2 sUtra) meM nirdiSTa caturthI vibhakti ekavacana ke /- Ge/ jaise eka hI sAmAnya pratyaya se /-ya/; /-smai/; /-ai/; /-yai/; /-e/; /- am / ityAdi uparUpaghaTaka (allomorphimes) kaise niSpanna kiye jA sakate haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara yaha hai ki pANini ne eka hI sAmAnya rUpaghaTaka ( = pratyaya) se vibhinna uparUpaghaTaka niSpanna karane ke lie 'sthAnyAdezabhAva kI yukti' kA prayoga kiyA hai jaise ki (1) rAmAya : prakRti meM sampradAna kArakatva, evaM ekatva saMkhyA hone se hrasva akArAnta aGga rUpaprakriyA rAma + sup hai 1) rAma + rAma + rAmA + Ge tadarthavAcaka caturthI vi0 ekavacana kA pratyaya | (yahA~ para 'sthAnivadbhAva' se 'Ge' meM rahanevAlA pratyayatva, 'ya' Adeza meM Aropita hotA Ge sthAnin ke sthAna meM Adeza (saMyojana) ya = rAmAya ya vidhisUtra (1) caturthI sampradAne / 2-3-12 se caturthIvibhakti kA vidhAna (2) (3) - svaujasamauT0 1 4 - 1 - 2 sUtrokta pratyayazRGkhalA meM se caturthI vi0 ke pratyayoM kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / GeryaH / 7-1-13 sUtra se kahA jAtA hai yadi prakRti kA svarUpa "hrasva akArAnta" hai to, 'Ge' pratyaya ke sthAna para 'ya' Adeza hotA hai / (4) sthAnivad Adezo 'nalvidhau / 1-156 sUtra se 'Ge' pratyaya meM, arthAt sthAnI meM, rahanevAlA 'sup pratyayatva' nAmaka guNadharma AdezabhUta 'ya' meM Aropita kiyA jAtA hai / (5) supi ca / 73-102 sUtra se yajAdi sup pratyaya pare rahate hrasva akArAnta aGga ko dIrgha hotA hai / rAma - rAmA /

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(2) sarvasmai : ___ rUpaprakriyA sarva + vidhisUtra | (1) sarvAdIni sarvanAmAni / 1-1-27 sUtra se 'sarva' zabda kI sarvanAma saMjJA hotI hai / tatpazcAt - . sarva + caturthI (2) (kisI adhyAhRta kriyA ke prati 'sarva' zabda kA sampradAnakArakatva hone se) caturthI sampradAne / 2-3-12 sUtra se caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA . sarva + De jAtA hai / prakRti meM sampradAna- | tadarthavAcaka caturthI-| (3) svaujamau0 // 4-1-2 sUtra se /-dde| kArakatva, evaM ekatva, | vibhakti ekavacana / pratyaya kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai| puMstva hone se kA pratyaya - sarva + / De sthAnin (4) sarvanAmnaH smai / 7-1-14 sUtra se hrasva a kArAnta 'sarvanAma' saMjJaka zabda ke bAda Aye hue /-dde| pratyaya = sthAni sarva + smai ke sthAna meM /-smai/ Adeza hotA hai / Adeza . sarvasmai // yahA~ hama yaha dekha sakate haiM ki /- / pratyaya se /-smai/ jaisA parivartana lAne ke lie dhvanizAstra ko mAnya ho aisA koI niyama hI nahIM hai / aise sthala para pANini ne sthAnyAdezabhAva kI prayukti se kAma liyA hai / hameM kevala AcAryavacana se hI / / ke sthAna meM /-smai/ ko biThAnA hai !

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(3) tubhyam - yuSmad prakRti meM sampradAnatva evaM ekatva rahA huA - yuSmad yuSmad yuSmad tubhya mahyam : + tubhya d + o + + + Ge (1) tadarthavAcaka caturthI-(2) vibhakti ekavacana kA pratyaya sthAnin am Adeza (meM 'Ge' buddhi) pararUpa ekAdeza / hokara am am [7] am caturthI sampradAne / 2-3-12 aura svaujasamauT0 4 - 1 - 2 sUtra se caturthI vibhakti ekavacana ke /- Ge/ pratyaya kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / -- (3) Ge prathamayoram / 7-1-28 sUtra se - Ge/ ke sthAna meM /- am / Adeza hotA hai / (4) sthAnivadAdezo 'nalvidhau / sUtra se sthAnibhUta /Ge/ kA guNadharma /- am/ Adeza meM Aropita kiyA jAyegA / ataH 'am' meM 'Ge' buddhi karake se (5) tubhya - mahyau Gayi / 7-2-95 yuSmad ke maparyanta bhAga ko 'tubhya' Adeza hotA hai / tubhyam // yahA~ para bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai ki pANini jaba bhI kisI dhvanizAstrIya niyama ke AdhAra para /- Ge / pratyaya kA / - am/ rUpa meM parivartana ( yA 'yuSmad' prakRti se 'tubhya' aisA parivartana) nahIM kara sakate taba sthAnyAdezabhAva kI yukti kA AzrayaNa karate haiM / parantu mahattvapUrNa bAta yahA~ para yaha hai ki pANini ne sthAnyAdezabhAva kI prayukti se (6) zeSe lopaH 7-2-90 se vibhakti para meM rahate yuSmad ke avaziSTa (d) bhAga kA lopa hotA hai / (7) anta meM, ato guNe / 6-1-17 se pararUpa ekAdeza ho kara rUpasiddhi sampanna hotI hai /

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[8] eka hI sAmAnya pratyaya (rUpaghaTaka) se aneka upapratyayoM (uparUpaghaTakoM) kA nirmANa karake, eka hI artha ko vyakta karanevAle bhASA meM pracalita, aneka rUpa (pada) siddha karake dikhA diyA hai / jaise 1 - e jaga bhagavate / -- Ge/ (caturthI vibhakti ekavacana kA eka sAmAnya pratyaya) -am tubhyam mahyam isa prakAra saptavidha caturthyanta pada siddha kiye haiM / isa taraha se padaniSpatti kI jo tAntrika vyavasthA pANini dvArA prazasta kI gaI hai usameM sthAnyAdezabhAva kI prayukti mahattvapUrNa hai / lekina isa se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai vAkyaniSpatti kI prayukti / jaisA ki DaoN. esa. DI. jozIjI (pUrNa) ne kahA hai, pANini ne 'vAkya' saMjJAvidhAyaka sUtra kI racanA kiye binA hI, parasparAnvita hI ho isa taraha ke subanta evaM tiGanta pada kI siddhi darzAyI hai 12 to saMkSepa meM aba yaha dekhanA hogA ki pANini ne apane vyAkaraNa meM vAkyaniSpatti kI kisa taraha kI tAntrika - prayukti kA AviSkAra kiyA hai : 1. 2 vAkyaniSpatti kI prayukti 2 -ya rAmAya vanAya -smai sarvasmai asmai -syai sarvasyai kasyai -yai mAlAyai pANini ne 'kArake' (pA. sU. 1-4-23) kA adhikAra karake kartR-karmAdi vibhinna kAraka saMjJAoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai / 'kArake' pada saptamI meM hai aura vaha kevala saMjJAdhikAra na hokara, nimittAdhikAra (bhI) hai / evameva 'kArake' se vihita saMjJA anvarthasaMjJA bhI mAnI jAtI hai / ata: 'kArakam ' zabda kA artha "kriyAnvayitvaM kArakatvam" (jo kriyA meM anvita, arthAt bhAgagrahItA hotA hai vahI 'kAraka' kahalAtA hai) bodhita hotA hai / isa ke pariNAma svarUpa saMsAra ke kisI 2. Vyakarana - Mahabhasya (Vibhakyahnika) Ed. & Trans. by S. D. Joshi & J. A. F. Roodbergen, University of Poona, Pune, 1980 ( Introduction p. i, vi to xv). nau camvai

Page #18
[9] bhI rAma, bANa, rAvaNa ityAdi padArtha kA sabase pahale hanana Adi kriyAvizeSa se saMlagna (anvita = bhAgagrahItA) honA anivArya hai / arthAt 'kAraka' honA atIva Avazyaka hai| tabhI rAma, bANa, rAvaNAdi padArtha 'hanana' jaisI kisI kriyAvizeSa se paurvAparyabhAva se saMlagna hoMge aura tabhI unakI 'kartR', 'karaNa' yA 'karma' (Adi) kArakavizeSa saMjJA ho sakegI aura phira kartRkaraNayostRtIyA / 2-3-18, karmaNi dvitIyA / 2-3-2 jaise vibhaktividhAyaka sUtra pravRtta ho sakeMge / (karaNakArakasaMjJaka) 'bANa' (prakRti) + 'TA' (karaNavAcaka pratyaya); athavA, karmakArakasaMjJaka 'rAvaNa' (prakRti) + am (karmavAcaka pratyaya / ) isa ke bAda rUpasAdhanikA Age bar3hatI hai; jisake phalasvarUpa 'bANena' 'rAvaNam' jaise subanta-pada siddha hote haiM / vAkyaniSpatti ke eka chora para subanta-pada hote haiM, to dUsare chora para tiGanta-pada hotA hai| phira bhI donoM prakAra ke pada hamezA parasparAnvita hote haiM; paraspara sApekSa hote haiM / arthAt tiGanta kriyApada se nirapekSa rahakara kisI bhI subanta pada kI rUpasiddhi sambhava nahIM hai / aura subanta (prathamAnta) pada se nirapekSa rahakara kisI bhI tiGanta pada kI rUpasiddhi nahIM ho sakatI / isa vicAra ko eka udAharaNa se samajhanA cAhie : "rAma rAvaNa ko bANa se mAratA hai" isa vAkya ko saMskRta meM parivartita karane ke lie; mAna liyA jAya ki hama pahale akele "mAratA hai (hanana karatA hai)" - jaise kevala kriyApada kI siddhi karanA cAhate hai / mAratA hai (kriyArUpI artha) + vartamAna kAla (rUpI artha) Vhan + laT 1. vartamAne laT / 3-2-123 sUtra se vihita l (a-T, itsaMjJaka, lopa) han + yahA~ para, kisI bhI 'la'kAra ke sthAna meM tibAdi 18 (9 parasmaipadasaMjJaka + 9 Atmanepada saMjJaka) pratyaya Adeza ke rUpa meM lAne se pahale, eka anya vicAra karanA atIva Avazyaka hai| 3. yadyapi ina vibhaktividhAyaka sUtroM ko pravRtta karane se pahale, "anabhihite" (2-3-1) sUtrokta zarta kA pAlana ho rahA hai ki nahIM yaha dekhanA bhI jarUrI hai / parantu usakI carcA Age ke pariccheda meM kI jAyegI /

Page #19
[10] pANini ke tantra meM laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / 3-4-69 sUtra pUchatA hai dhAtu se uttara meM Aye hue (kAlavAcaka) 'lU' kAra ko kartRkAraka kA vAcaka banAnA hai, yA karmakAraka (athavA bhAva) kA vAcaka ? isa sandarbha meM bhASaka kI vivakSA (Speaker's ki desire) kyA hai ? yadi vaha cAhatA hai ki hai (= vivakSita hai)"; to ( ( han) se pare 9 pratyaya Adeza ke "isa l kAra se kartRkAraka rUpa artha vAcya (Aye hue l kAra ke sthAna meM) parasmaipada saMjJaka - rUpa meM pravRtta hone ko taiyAra haiM / yathA han + (sakarmaka dhAtu) han . -- lU (a TU) kartRkAraka karmakAraka V X + l sthAni (prathamapuruSa) tip (madhyamapuruSa) sip (uttamapuruSa) mip - - (a tas thas vas - ( parasmaipada saMjJaka 9 pratyaya) jhi -- tha -- - vivakSA se taya hotA hai ki yaha l kAra 'kartA' kA bodha karAyegA / mas } aba eka sthAnI ke sthAna para aneka (9) Adeza pravRtta hone para, yaha tiGanta pada kI rUpa sAdhanikA taba taka sthagita ho jAyegI, jaba taka hama 'lU' vAcya kartRkAraka kyA yuSmad (sarvanAma) se vAcya hai; yA asmad (sarvanAma) se vAcya hai, athavA to tadubhayabhinna tad, yad idam ityAdi (sarvanAma) se vAcya hai ? isakA nirNaya nahIM batA paayegeN| kyoMki, 'lU' ke sthAna para ina 8 tibAdi pratyayoM kI yugapat pravRtti to sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH ina meM se kisI eka pratyaya kI hI pasaMdagI karanI par3egI / isa ke lie pANini ne tIna sUtra diye haiM (ka) yuSmadyupapade samAnAdhikaraNe sthAninyapi madhyamaH / 1-4-105 : Adeza isa sUtra ke anusAra tiG pratyaya se vAcya jo kAraka ( prakRta udAharaNa meM kartRkAraka) ho vaha kAraka kA vAcaka 'yuSmad' zabda (han dhAtu ke ) upapada meM ho (yA na. bhI

Page #20
[11] ho, arthAt adhyAhRta ho), taba dhAtu se pare 'madhyama puruSa' saMjJaka (sip - thas - tha) pratyayoM kI pasaMdagI kI jAya / / (kha) asmadyuttamaH / 1-4-107 sUtra ke anusAra - tiG pratyaya se vAcya jo kAraka (prakRta udAharaNa meM - kartRkAraka) ho vaha kAraka kA vAcaka 'asmad' zabda (/ han dhAtu ke upapada meM ho yA na bhI ho, arthAt adhyAhRta ho), to dhAtu se pare 'uttama puruSa' saMjJaka (mipa - vas - mas) pratyayoM kI pasaMdagI kI jAya / (ga) zeSe prathamaH / 1-4-108 sUtra ke anusAra - tiG pratyaya se vAcya jo kAraka (prakRta udAharaNa meM kartRkArakarAma) usa kAraka kA vAcaka zabda yadi 'asmad - yuSmad' se bhinna koI tIsarA hI (yathA- rAma rAvaNa ko bANa se mAratA hai) vyakti (vAcaka nAma) ( han dhAtu ke) upapada meM ho (yA na bhI ho, arthAt adhyAhRta ho), taba dhAtu se pare 'uttama puruSa' saMjJaka (tip - tas - jhi) pratyayoM kI pasaMdagI kI jAya // yahA~ ye tInoM sUtra yaha bhI kahate haiM ki kisI bhI tiGanta pada kI siddhi karane ke lie, (prakRta meM - Vhan + ke pIche Aye hue 'tip' ityAdi 9 pratyayoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana karane ke lie) yaha anivArya hai ki hama apane mana meM pUre vAkya kI pahale hI avadhAraNA karaleM / yathA - rAma rAvaNa ko bANa se mAratA hai / anyathA hama yaha kaise nizcita kara pAyeMge ki hin dhAtu ke uttara meM rakhe hue + 'la' kAra se jo kartRkAraka vAcya (vivakSita) thA, vaha yahA~ asmad vAcya hai, yuSmad vAcya hai, yA tadubhayabhinna koI anyavyakti ? kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki - vAkya kI pUrva avadhAraNA karake rakhI gaI ho tabhI uparyukta tIna sUtroM se pUche gaye praznoM kA uttara diyA jA sakegA ki - tiG se vAcya (kartR) kAraka vAcaka zabda ('yuSmad - asmad' se bhinna) 'rAma' hai / ata: Vhan dhAtu ke pazcAt 'prathama puruSa' saMjJaka tip - tas - jhi pratyayoM kI pasaMdagI kI jAnI cAhie / rAma + rAvaNa ko + bANa se + rahan + tip - tas - jhi (kartRkAraka) (karmakAraka) (karaNakAraka) yahA~ para tibAdi tIna pratyayoM meM se kisI eka kA cayana karane ke lie kartRkAraka (rAma) kI saMkhyA kitanI hai - yaha dekhA jAtA hai / prastuta vAkya meM kartRkAraka 'rAma' eka

Page #21
[12] hI hai, isalie Vhan + tip (ekavacana saMjJaka) pratyaya liyA jAtA hai| (vyekyordivcnaikvcne| 1-4-22 se) / jisa se 'hanti' pada kI siddhi sampanna hotI hai / ___yahA~ para, Vhan + tip meM Aye hue 'tip' se 'kartRkAraka' rUpI artha ukta (abhihita) hai - aisA hamane saba se pahale vivakSA se hI nizcita kara liyA thA, isalie anabhihite / 2-3-1 ke adhikAra meM Aye hue kartRkaraNayostRtIyA / 2-3-18 se, 'rAma' ke pazcAt kartRkArakArtha vAcikA tRtIyA vibhakti utpanna nahIM hotI hai / balki kartRkAraka rUpI artha ukta hone se, kevala prAtipadikArtha ko prakaTa karanevAlI prathamA vibhakti hI, prAtipadikArthaliGgaparimANavacanamAtre prathamA / 2-3-46 se pravRtta hogI / rAma + su - rAmaH (rAvaNaM bANena) hanti // isa taraha se yaha suspaSTa hai ki pANini ne subanta evaM tiGanta padoM kI rUpasiddhi paraspara sApekSa batAI hai / ina donoM kI bunAvaTa hI aisI hai ki eka ke binA dUsare kI rUpasiddhi Age hI nahIM bar3ha sakatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahe to pANini ne vAkya kI niSpatti kI jo tAntrika vyavasthA - 1. kArake / 1-4-23, 2. anabhihite / 2-3-1, 3. laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / 3-4-69 evaM 4. yuSmadyupapade samAnAdhikaraNe sthAninyapi madhyamaH / 1-4-105, asmadyuttamaH / 1-4-107 tathA zeSe prathamaH / 1-4-108 ina cAra sUtroM ke dvArA nirdhArita kI hai, isa vyavasthA ke anusAra kisI bhI vAkya kI niSpatti meM subanta evaM tiGanta pada paraspara meM anvita hoM, evaM avinAbhAva se rahe hoM tabhI unakI avatAraNA sambhava hai; anyathA nahIM / hA~, yaha jarUra kahanA cAhie ki pANinIya tantra ke mAdhyama se kevala prathamAnta subanta pada, kisI anya tiGanta pada se nirapekSa rahakara bhI niSpAdita kiyA jA sakatA hai / jabaki koI bhI tiGanta pada ekAkI, arthAt subanta nirapekSa, nahIM siddha kiyA jAtA / aura isalie to, prophe. esa. DI. jozI jaise Adhunika vidvAnoM dvArA pANini "vAkyasaMskArapakSa" kA puraskAra karanevAle vaiyAkaraNa mAne jAte haiM /

Page #22
[13] 1.3 vAkyaniSpatti ho jAne para 'tantra' kA pUrNavirAma nahIM hai : abhI taka hamane jo carcA prastuta kI hai usameM pANinIya vyAkaraNa tantra meM rUpAkhyAna paddhati ke pramukha tIna bindu haiM (1) rUpAkhyAna paddhati meM, kisI bhI 'pada' kI sAdhanikA meM (vivakSita) "artha" ko Arambha bindu para hI (input ke rUpa meM) sthApita kiyA gayA hai / (2) nAmapada yA kriyApada kI rUpasiddhi karane ke lie pANini ne sarva prathama prAtipadika mAtra ko laganevAle 21 sAdhAraNa 'sup' pratyaya evaM kriyAvAcaka dhAtumAtra ko lagane vAle 18 'tiG' pratyaya kA parigaNana prastuta karane ke bAda; sthAnyAdeza bhAva kI prayukti se eka hI sAmAnya vibhaktyartha ko abhivyakta karanevAle eka hI sAmAnya pratyaya ko aneka upapratyaya (uparUpaghaTaka) meM parivartita karake dikhAye haiM / aura (3) pANinIya sUtroM se kevala pUre 'vAkya' kI hI niSpatti ho sakatI hai / usako hamane vizada kiyA hai / parantu pANinIya sUtroM se 'vAkya' kI niSpatti ho jAne ke bAda isa vyAkaraNa " tantra" kI gatividhi pUrNa nahIM ho jAtI hai / pANini kA vyAkaraNa - tantra to cakravat nirantara ghUmatA huA eka 'tantra' (Rotative Machine) hai| aba taka isa tantra kI 'artha' se lekara vAkyanirmiti paryanta kI jo kAryapraNAlI batAI gaI hai, usase eka pUrNa golAkAra kA kevala pUrvagolArdha hI banatA hai / tadyathA 1540 go lA 1. artha - (in-put) 2 kArakasaMjJA 3. vibhaktividhAna 4. nAmapada + kriyApada 5. sandhi kArya pANinIya vyAkaraNa tantra 6. loka meM prayogArha vAkya (out-put ) athavA vigraha vAkya 4 tta ra go lA rdha

Page #23
[14] isa ardha golAkAra meM nirdiSTa kAryoM se jo 'vAkya' kI; aura vAkya ke antargata AnevAle vividha subanta evaM tiGanta padoM kI siddhi hotI haiM, ve to kevala "padatvasampAdaka" kArya haiM / aba, isa golAkAra kA jo avaziSTa uttara golArdha hai usa meM pANinIyatantra phira se gatizIla ho kara kRt-taddhita-samAsAdi vRttijanya padoM kA nirmANa karatA hai ! 2.0 tantra ke uttara golArdha meM 'padoddezyaka vidhioM' kA pradarzana : hamAre vicAra se pANinIya vyAkaraNa-tantra cakravat ghUmatA huA eka tantra hai / jisake pariNAma svarUpa do taraha kI pravRttiyA~ nirantara hotI rahatI haiM / pUrva golArdha meM, jo vidhiyA~ hotI haiM ve 'padatvasaMpAdaka-vidhiyA~' haiN| aura uttara golArdha meM, jo vidhiyA~ hoMgI ve 'padoddezyakavidhiyA~' kahalAyeMgI / jaise ki - (1) pUrva golArdha meM, tantra ke Arambhabindu para rakhe gaye 1. 'artha' se zurU hokara kramazaH 2. vibhinna kArakasaMjJAyeM, 3. alaga-alaga vibhakti pratyayoM kA vidhAna, (Avazyaka sthAnyAdeza kA kArya, prApta dhvanivikAra ho jAne ke bAda prakRti + pratyaya kA saMyojana karane se), 4. vibhinna "subantapada" evaM (eka) "tiGanta pada" kI rUpasiddhi pUrNa hogI / isI prakriyA ko padatva-saMpAdaka-vidhiyA~ kahI jaayeNgii| 5. isake bAda do padoM ke bIca meM bhI jo Avazyaka sandhikArya prApta hoMge unheM bhI nipaTAyA jaayegaa| 6. jisake phalasvarUpa anta meM loka meM prayogArha ho aisA vAkya niSpanna ho kara bAhara nikalatA hai| hAlAMki yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA bahuta jarUrI hai ki - pANini ke tantra ne yahA~ jo subanta evaM tiGanta nAmaka 'pada' janmAye haiM, ve parasparAnvita hI hote haiM / (unakI paraspara nirapekSa yA svatantra rUpa se siddhi huI hI nahIM hai / ) dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to sabhI padatva sampAdaka vidhiyoMne milakara jo utpanna kiyA hai, vaha to ni:zaMka eka "vAkya" hI hai / yaha 'vAkya' loka meM sarvathA prayogArha hote haiM / yadi Apa cAheM to vAgvyavahAra meM usakA prayoga kara sakate haiM / anyathA - (2) uttara golArdha meM, usI vAkya kA 1. eka "vigraha vAkya" ke rUpa meM grahaNa karake, 2. unameM Aye hue 'padoM' para rUpAntaraNa ke niyama (Trasformational Grammar ke sUtra) lagA kara, 3. "kRdanta', 'taddhitAnta' yA 'samAsAdi' rUpa vRttijanya naye zabda bhI banA sakate haiM ! aura ve bhI, 4. kRt-taddhita-samAsAzca / 1-2-46 jaise prAtipadikasaMjJA vidhAyaka sUtra se, 'prAtipadika' kahalAte haiM / jinake phalasvarUpa aise samAsAdirUpa prAtipadikoM 4. supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71, karmaNyaN / 3-2-1, taddhiteSvacAmAdeH / 7-2 117, upapadamatiG / 2-2-19, samAsAntavidhiyA~, evaM ttiddddhaannny| 4-1-35 ityAdi jaise strIpratyaya vidhAyaka sUtra //

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[15] se pare, sup vibhakti pratyaya utpanna hone kA avakAza paidA hotA hai| 5. aba aise kRdanta, taddhitAnta, samAsAdi rUpa vRttijanya zabda (eka naye vivakSita vAkya meM) kisI na kisI kAraka kA abhedamUlaka vizeSaNa rUpa 'artha' bana kara praviSTa ho jAyeMge / jaisA ki - nimna citra se dikhAI detA hai : 5. vizeSaNa rUpa artha bana kara naye vAkya meM praveza ___4. punaH prAtipadika saMjJA Qh4 pANinIya vyAkaraNa tantra 3 kRt-taddhita-samAsAdi rUpa naye zabda kA nirmANa y_E_REE " ____ 2 rUpAntara ke niyama 7 1. vigraha vAkya uttara golArdha meM nirdiSTa 1 se 5 krama meM batAI gaI prakriyA ke bAda, pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra ke pUrva golArdha meM nirdiSTa prakriyA phira zurU ho jAtI hai ! isa taraha pANinIya-vyAkaraNatantra satata cakravat ghUmatA rahatA hai / ____ yahA~ para, uttara golArdha meM jo vidhiyA~ prastuta hotI hai ve (samarthaH padavidhiH / 2-1-1 sUtranirdiSTa)5 "padoddezyaka vidhiyA~" kahalAtI hai / 2.1.0 padoddezyaka vidhiyoM (arthAt-paJcadhA vRttiyoM) kA parigaNana : pANini ne apane 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa meM eka to vAkyaniSpatti kI prakriyA kA pradarzana kiyA hai aura, dUsarI ora usI vAkya ke antargata Aye hue subanta evaM tiGanta padoM 5. kecittu padoddezyakaH padatvasaMpAdako vA sarvo'pi padasambandhitvAt padavidhireveti vadanti / 2-1-1 ityatra mahAbhASye uddyotaH, pR. 313.

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[16] ke Upara kucha anya prakriyA karake, kaise naye zabda banAye jAte haiM ? vaha bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM subanta evaM tiGanta padoM ko uddezya karake jo vidhiyA~ batAI gaI haiM, unheM "vRtti" kahate haiM / 'vRtti' kA vyAkhyAna karate hue mahAbhASya meM likhA gayA hai ki - parArthAbhidhAnaM vRttiH / / para ke, arthAt vigraha vAkya ke, artha kA abhidhAna karanevAle zabda ko "vRtti" kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie - 'kumbhaM karoti / ' isa vAkya kA jo artha hai vahI artha vyakta karanevAlA jo "kumbhakAra" (aisA kRdanta) zabda hai, usI ko 'vRtti' kahate haiM // 'vRtti' zabda kA eka apara paryAya 'vartanam' (= pravartanam) bhI hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki - vigrahavAkyasyArthe vartanam = pravartanam (yatra bhavati), sA vRttiH // 'kumbha karoti' jaise vigraha vAkya ke artha meM hI jisa ('kumbhakAra') zabda kA pravartana hotA hai, usI ko "vRtti" kahate haiM / isI bAta ko bhaTToji dIkSita ne dUsare DhaMga se kahI hai :- vRttyarthAvabodhakaM vAkyaM vigrahaH / ' arthAt 'vRtti (janyapada ke) artha kA avabodha karAne vAlA jo vAkya, vaha "vigraha" kahalAtA hai' / pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM isa taraha kI pA~ca vRttiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / yathA - (1) kRd rUpA vRtti, (kumbhakAra) (2) taddhita rUpA vRtti, (kaunteya) (3) samAsa rUpA vRtti, (rAjapuruSa) (4) ekazeSa rUpA vRtti, (pitarau) aura (5) sanAdyantA dhAturUpA vRtti / (pipaThiSati) 6. (bhASyam) atha ye vRtti vartayanti, kiM ta AhuH / (atra pradIpaH) atheti / kAryazabdikA vAkyAdeva vikalpena vRttiM niSpAdyAM manyamAnAH kiM vRtterlakSaNaM kurvantIti praznaH / (bhASyam) parArthAbhidhAnaM vRttirityAhuH / (pradIpa:) parasya zabdasya yo'rthastasyAbhidhAnaM zabdAntareNa yatra sA vRttirityarthaH // draSTavyam-2-1-1 ityatra vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam, (prathamo bhAgaH), prakA. motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, 1967, pR. 328. 7. draSTavyaH vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI, (ityatra sarvasamAsazeSaprakaraNam-20 // ) (dvitIyo bhAgaH) __ saM. paM. bAlakRSNa paJcolI, caukhambA saMskRta sIrijha oNphisa, vArANasI, 1969, (pR. 101). 8. tatraiva, kRttaddhitasamAsaikazeSasanAdyantadhAturUpAH paJcavRttayaH // pR. 101.

Page #26
[17] 2.1.1 kRd rUpA vRtti (kRdanta racanAyeM) : pANinIya vyAkaraNa-tantra ke pUrvagolArdha ke sUtroM se - (devadattaH) kumbhaM karoti / jaisA koI vAkya niSpanna ho jAtA hai / Apa cAheM to, isa 'vAkya' ko tantra se bAhara nikAla kara bhASA meM usakA prayoga kara sakate haiM / parantu yadi Apa 'kumbhaM karoti' jaise do zabdoM se abhivyakta honevAlA artha koI eka hI zabda se vyakta karanA cAhate haiM; yA vahI artha 'devadatta' kAraka kA vizeSaNa banAkara naye vAkya meM prayukta karanA cAhate haiM (yathA - ahaM . kumbhakArAya devadattAya dhanaM dadAmi / ) to "kumbhaM karoti" jaise padoM para, uttaragolArdha meM nirdiSTa (padoddezyaka) vidhiyA~ pravRtta hotI haiM / yathA :- kumbhaM karoti / laukika vigraha vAkya (= kumbha + am + kR + laT) alaukika vigraha vAkya kumbha + Gas + kR + aN // __ 'upapada' saMjJA (1) tatropapadaM saptamIstham / 3-1-92 se 'kumbham = kumbhasya' upapadasaMjJaka banatA kumbha + Gas + V kR + aN (dhAtu) / - 'kRt' saMjJaka pratyaya kumbha + Gas + kR + a(Na) (2) karmaNyaNa / 3-2-1 sUtra se karmavAcaka zabda upapada meM rahe taba, dhAtu se |. -aN/ pratyaya lagatA hai / (3) aco Niti / 7-2-115 se, Nit pratyaya pare rahate vRddhi hotI hai / (R > Ar) vRddhi k Ar + - a0 9. yahA~ kartRkarmaNoH kRti / 2-3-65 se, 'kumbham' jaise karmakAraka vAcaka pada meM SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga karanA Avazyaka hai / kyoMki aba kRdanta racanA meM, 'karoti' ke sthAna para 'kR + aN = kAra' kA prayoga honevAlA hai /

Page #27
[18] kumbha + Gas + kAra (4-1) prAkkaDArAtsamAsaH / 2-1-3 ke 'adhikAra' meM - upapada kRtpratyayAnta | (4-2) upapadam atiG / 2-2-19 se, upapada-samAsa (saMjJA) upapada subanta kA samartha pada ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai / kumbha + Gas + kAra | (5) kRttaddhitasamAsAzca / 1-2-46 se, 'prAtipadika' saMjJA 'samAsa' kI prAtipadika saMjJA hotI hai| kumbha + 0 + kAra (6) supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71 se, 'prAtipadika' ke avayavabhUta 'sup' pratyaya kA luk hotA hai| = kumbhakAra // (7) kRdanta zabda kI siddhi pUrNa huI // yahA~ do-tIna bAteM dhyAna dene yogya haiM : (ka) paJcadhA vRtti ke prasaGga meM pANini ne "vigraha vAkya' ko antaHstarIya racanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yahA~ vigrahavAkya ko hI rUpAntarita karake eka naye zabda ke rUpa meM parivartita karane kI prakriyA kA puraskAra kiyA gayA hai / __ yahA~ Arambha meM 'kumbhaM karoti' jaisA jo vigraha vAkya liyA jAtA hai, usameM eka subanta-pada hai, to dUsarA tiGanta-pada hai| ataH ina do 'padoM' ko uddiSTa karake karmaNyaN / 3-2-1 ityAdi sUtroM se jo vidhiyA~ hotI haiM, unheM hI "padoddezyakavidhiyA~" kahI jAtI hai / . kha) uparyukta kRdanta-racanA meM, jo rUpAntaraNa ke niyama hai vaha - (1) tatropapadaM saptamIstham / (2) karmaNyaN / (3) upapadamatiG / (4) kRttaddhitasamAsAzca / (5) evaM supo dhAtu prAtipadikayoH / haiM / (ga) yahA~ "devadattaH kumbhaM karoti' - meM se 'devadattaH kumbhakAraH / " ho jAne para; arthAt tantra ke uttara golArdha ke sUtra pravRtta ho jAne ke bAda, vyAkaraNatantra kI kAryapraNAli pUrNa ho jAtI hai - aisA bhI nahIM hai ! yahI 'kumbhakAra' jaisA kRdanta-prAtipadika taiyAra ho jAne ke bAda, koI eka naye vivakSita vAkya meM vaha vizeSaNa rUpa artha banakara

Page #28
[19] praviSTa ho sakatA hai; aura phira se tantra ke pUrva golArdha meM nirdiSTa sUtrAvalI kriyAzIla ho kara vibhinna kArakasaMjJA - vibhaktividhAnAdi rUpa kArya zurU kara detI hai ! yathA : 'ahaM kumbhakArAya devadattAya dhanaM dadAmi / ' ityAdi // 2.1.2 taddhita rUpA vRtti : kisI nAma ke artha meM hita karanevAlA (arthAt kucha nayA artha jor3anevAlA) jo pratyaya hotA hai usako 'taddhita' (tasmai = prakRtyarthAya hitam = taddhitam) pratyaya kahate haiM / yathA - upagoH apatyaM (gacchati) / - aupagavaH (gacchati) / / aba 'aupagavaH' jaise taddhitAnta zabda kI prakriyA dekhate haiM :upagoH apatyam (gacchati) / eka laukika vigraha vAkya upagu + Gas + apatya + am , | (alaukika vigraha vAkya) (1) samarthAnAM prathamAd vA / 4-1-82 sUtra ke adhikAra meM Aye hue - | (2) tasyApatyam / 4-1-92 se SaSThyanta upagu + Gas + aN, samartha prAtipadika se 'apatya' artha meM taddhitAnta zabda 'aN' pratyaya hotA hai / / upagu + Gas + aN, (3) kRttaddhitasamAsAzca / 1-2-46 se taddhitAnta zabda kI prAtipadika saMjJA prAtipadika-saMjJA hotI hai| isake phala svarUpa - supo dhAtuprAtiupagu + 0 + aN padikayoH / 2-4-71 se prAtipadika ke avayavabhUta 'sup' kA luk hotA hai / upagu + a(0) halantyam / 1-3-3 se 'Na' kI itsaMjJA, lopa / Nit pratyaya para meM rahate / aupagu + a taddhiteSvacAmAdeH / 7-2-117 se Adi ac kI vRddhi / aupago + a orguNaH / 6-4-146 se 'gu' ke 'u' aupag av + a kA guNa / = aupagava // eco'yavAyAvaH / 6-1-78 se av Adeza / 3

Page #29
[20] yahA~ para dhyAnAspada bAteM nimnokta hai :(ka) pANini ne jo samarthAnAM prathamAd vA / 4-1-82 ke adhikAra meM, sabhI taddhita pratyayoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai, usa sUtra meM AyA huA 'vA' pada atyaMta mahattvapUrNa hai| kyoMki - usa vikalpArthaka 'vA' zabda se donoM taraha kI abhivyakti ko mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai / yathA - "upagoH apatyaM (pumAn) gacchati / " kaho, athavA "aupagavaH gacchati / " kaho, usameM koI antara nahIM hai / (hA~, yaha jarUra kahanA cAhie ki DaoN. pola kipAsrkI ke matAnusAra pANini ne jahA~ 'vA' zabda se jo vaikalpika rUpa kA avatAra kiyA, vahI sAmAnyata: varaNIya hotA hai / 10) (kha)pANinIya-vyAkaraNa meM donoM taraha kI abhivyaktiyAM svIkArya hote hue bhI, yaha ullekhanIya hai ki - pANini ne vigraha vAkya se hI (= upagoH apatyaM pumAn' se hI) vRttijanya 'aupagava' zabda kI siddhi-prakriyA varNita kI hai / (ga) ataH aisI prakriyA meM spaSTa rUpa se rUpAntaraNa ke niyama (udAharaNa ke lie - tasyApatyam / 4-1-12, ata iJ / 4-1-95, strIbhyo Dhak / 4-1-120 kRttaddhitasamAsAzca / 1-2-46, supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71, yaci bham / 1-4-18, yasyeti ca / 6-4-148, taddhiteSvacAmAdeH / 7-2-117, kiti ca / 7-2-118 ityAdi) prastuta kiye gaye hai / / (gha) pANinIya-vyAkaraNatantra ke uttara golArdha meM prastuta honevAle rUpAntaraNa ke niyamoM se sAdhita jo taddhitAnta zabda hote haiM, ve kisI anya vAkya ke kArakasamudAya meM se kisI kA vizeSaNa (rUpa artha) bana sakate haiM / yathA - aupagavAd RSeH 10. Contrary to tradition, the three words are not synyonmous, but are used to denote different perferences among optional variants. They are to be translated as follows : Va - 'or rather', 'usually' - 'preferably'. Vibhasa - 'or rather not', 'rarely', 'preferably not', 'marginally'. Anyatarasyam - either way', 'sometimes', 'optionally', alternatively. This three-way distinction enables Panini's rules to register the stylistic preferences among variants which are characteristics of any living language in its natural state. - PANINI - AS A VARIATIONIST, by Paul Kiparsky, University of Poona, Pune, 1980 (p. 1).

Page #30
[21] ziSyAH vedArthaM jAnanti // arthAt - aise vizeSaNIbhUta taddhitAnta zabdoM, prAtipadika saMjJaka banakara phira se kisI naye vAkya meM praveza karane ke lie, tantra ke pUrvagolArdha meM nirdiSTa sUtrAvalI kI zaraNa meM pahu~ca jAte haiM / isa taraha pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra nirantara cakravat ghUmatA rahatA hai / 2.1.3 samAsa rUpA vRtti : vigraha vAkya ke do (yA adhika) pada apanA alaga alaga artha dete haiM / parantu jaba vyAkaraNa kI viziSTa - prakriyA se unako eka sAtha meM biThAyA jAtA hai, do pRthak padoM meM se ekapada banAyA jAtA hai, aura isake pariNAma svarUpa donoM kA ekArthIbhAva siddha hotA hai taba usa ko 'samAsa' kahate haiM / yathA rAjapuruSaH (gacchati) | yahA~ para 'rAjJaH puruSaH (gacchati ) ' rAjan + Gas + puruSa + L 'tatpuruSa samAsa' saMjJA usake bAda 'samAsa' kI 'prAtipadika' saMjJA yaha rAjan + 0 + puruSa + o rAja0 + puruSa0 = su rAjapuruSa www rAjJaH puruSaH (gacchati ) laukikavigraha vAkya hai / aura yaha alaukika vigrahavAkya hai / (1) prAk kaDArAtsamAsaH / 2-1-3, (2) vibhASA / 2-1-11, aura (3) tatpuruSaH / 2-1-22 ke adhikAra meM Aye hue (4) SaSThI / 2-2 -8 se SaSThyanta zabda kA samartha subanta ke sAtha 'samAsa' hotA hai / aura usako 'SaSThI tatpuruSa' samAsa kahate hai / jisa ke phalasvarUpa (5) kRttaddhitasamAsAzca / 1-2-46 se prAtipadika saMjJA hogI / (6) supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71 se sup vibhakti pratyayoM kA luk hogA / usake bAda (61) nalopaH prAtipadikAntasya / 8-2-7 se 'n' kAra kA lopa, (8) 'samAsa' kI siddhi /

Page #31
[22] yahA~ para jo dhyAnAspada hai, vaha yaha hai :(ka) pANini ne vibhASA / 2-1-11 sUtrokta adhikAra ke nIce jo samAsa vidhAyaka sUtra rakheM haiM, ve saba vaikalpika haiM / (isa adhikArasUtra ko zAstra meM 'mahAvibhASA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / ) isa kA phalitArtha yaha huA ki - vigrahavAkya ke vikalpa meM sAmAsika pada se bhI arthAbhivyakti ho sakatI hai, usako mAnyatA pradAna kI gaI hai| (kha)samAsa-prakriyA ke Arambhabindu para koI na koI vigrahavAkya hI antaHstarIya racanA ke rUpa meM hotA haiM / aura bAda meM usI vigrahavAkya ko tor3a kara; arthAt vigrahavAkyAntargata padoM ke vibhaktipratyayoM ko haTAkara 'ekArthIbhAva' siddha kiyA jAtA hai| (ga) yahA~ vigrahavAkya ke padoM kA samAsavRtti meM parivartana karane ke lie, rUpAntaraNa ke jo niyama prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unameM se katipaya aise haiM :- prAk kaDArAtsamAsaH / 2-1-3, 2-2-38, supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71, prathamAnirdiSTaM samAsa upasarjanam / 1-2-43 aura upasarjanaM pUrvam / 2-2-30, dvandve ghi / 2-2-32, alpAcataram / 2-2-34 ityAdi / 2.1.4 ekazeSa rUpA vRtti : ___pANini ne 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM sarUpANAm ekazeSa ekavibhaktau / 1-2-64 se 1-2-73 ke bIca meM 'ekazeSa' kA prakaraNa rakhA hai / 1 bhASA meM prAyaH sarvatra sarUpa zabdoM meM se kisI eka kA 'ekazeSa' hotA hai, to kadAcit virUpa zabdoM meM se kisI eka kA 'ekazeSa' hotA hai / virUpa zabdoM meM se kisa kA ekazeSa hotA hai, vaha strI puMvacca / 1-2-66, pumAn striyA / 1-2-67, pitA mAtrA / 1-2-70 ityAdi sUtroM se nirdiSTa hai / udAharaNa ke lie - (ka) rAma + rAma + rAma + jas (prathamA virbhAkti bahuvacana) 11. dvandva samAsa ke do hI bheda hai : (1) itaretara dvandva, aura (2) samAhAra dvandva / ('ekazeSa dvandva' jaisA koI svatantra tIsarA bheda nahIM hai / ) ataH samAsa ko eka vRtti mAnane ke bAda, 'ekazeSa' ko pRthak vRtti mAnane kI kyA jarUrata thI ? aisI zaGkA ko koI sthAna hI nahIM hai /

Page #32
[23] yahA~ para sarUpANAmekazeSaH ekavibhaktau / 1-2-64 sUtra kahatA hai ki - eka . hI vibhakti (pratyaya) meM sthita samAna rUpavAle (= samAna AnupUrvIvAle) zabdoM meM se eka zabda kA zeSa rahatA hai / (aura anya zabdoM kA lopa hotA hai) / yathA - rAma + 0 + 0 + jas / jisameM se Age calakara 'rAmAH' rUpa kI siddhi hotI hai // (kha)haMsI ca haMsazca / isa vigraha para cArthe dvandvaH / 2-2-29 sUtra kI prApti hotI hai / parantu ekazeSa prakaraNa (1-2-64 se 73) ke sUtra anavakAza hone ke kAraNa dvandva samAsa kA bAdha karatA hai / 12 isa ke bAda, pumAn striyA / 1-2-67 sUtra kI pravRtti hotI hai : strI ke sAtha kahA gayA pumAn (vAcaka zabda) avaziSTa rahatA hai - aisI sUcanA se "haMsau" aisA zabda siddha hotA hai // 13 yahA~ para bhI vigrahavAkya (haMsI ca haMsazca) meM se 'haMsau' aisA ekazeSa-pada siddha kiyA hai - yaha dhyAtavya hai / aura ekazeSa-prakaraNa ke sabhI-sUtra rUpAntaraNa ke niyama prastuta karate hai // 2.1.5 sanAdyanta dhAtu rUpA vRtti : 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM guptikiTya san / 3-1-5 se lekara 3-1-30 paryanta jo jo -san/, /-kyac/, /-kAmyac/, /-kyaG/, /-NiG, /-Nic/, /-ya/, /-yaGluk/ ityAdi pratyayoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, ve 'sanAdi' pratyaya kahe jAte haiM / ina pratyayoM ke prayoga se eka pUre vigraha vAkya kA eka pada meM rUpAntaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / yathA - ___ (1) supa AtmanaH kyac / 3-1-8 sUtra se kahA gayA hai ki - icchA kriyA ke karma (vAcaka) dvitIyA subanta pada se pare, "icchA" artha meM, "kyac" pratyaya hotA hai; jaba icchA karanevAlA (kartA) dvitIyAnta padavAcya artha (= vastu) ko apane lie cAhatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie - 'putram AtmanaH icchati / ' isa vigraha vAkya meM se 'putrIyati' jaisA kyajanta kriyApada niSpanna kiyA jAtA hai / 12. anavakAza ekazeSo dvandvaM bAdhiSyate / (1-2-64 ityatra mahAbhASyam) 13. yaH ziSyate sa lupyamAnArthAbhidhAyI / aise (1-2-64) bhASyokta niyama se aviziSTa rahanevAlA haMsaH (puMliga) zabda haMsI kA bhI bodha karAyegA / ata: usako dvivacana meM rakhA gayA hai|

Page #33
'AtmanaH putram icchati / ' putra + am + kyac dhAtusaMjJA putra + 0. + kyac putra + 0 + ya putrI + 0 + ya putrI (dhAtu) / = putrIya + laT putrIya + tip putrIya + zap + tip putrIya + a + ti (pararUpa) putrIyati // [24] (1) supa AtmanaH kyac / 3-1-8 se 'kyac' kA vidhAna / (2) sanAdyantAH dhAtavaH / 3-1-32 se kyajanta aMza kI 'dhAtu' saMjJA kI jAtI hai / (3) supo dhAtuprAtipadikayoH / 2-4-71 se 'dhAtu' ke avayavabhUta 'sup' pratyaya kA luk hotA hai / (4) lazakvataddhite / evaM halantyam / se k evaM c kI utsaMjJA, lopa / (5) kyaci ca / 74-33 se 'putra' zabda ke a kAra ko Itva karane se sanAdyanta dhAtu kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / (6) vartamAne laT / 3-2-123 ityAdi kI pravRtti hone para zap, pararUpa vagairaha hone se rUpasiddhi pUrNa hotI hai / (2) Nijanta (preraka) vAkyaracanA : satyApapAzarUpavINAtUlazlokasenAlomatvacavarmavarNacUrNa- curAdibhyo Nic / 3-1-25 sUtra se pANini ne 'curAdi (dazama) gaNa ke dhAtuoM ko svArtha meM 'Nic' pratyaya hotA hai' - aisA kahA hai / parantu tatprayojako hetuzca / 1-4-55 sUtra se kahA hai ki kartA ke prayojaka (= preraka) kI 'hetu' saMjJA (aura 'kartR' saMjJA bhI) hotI hai| jisake phalasvarUpa- - hetumati ca / 3-1-26 sUtra se, prayojaka ke preraNA rUpa vyApAra ko kahane ke lie dhAtu se 'Nic' pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha Nijanta - prakriyA

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[25] bhI hameM yaha sApha sApha batAtI hai ki - pANini ne zuddha kartarivAkya kI siddhi kara dene ke bAda; usI zuddha kartari vAkya kA 'preraka kartari vAkya' meM kaise rUpAntaraNa kiyA jAtA hai ? usakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / yathA - (1) rAmaH vanaM gacchati / isameM se - (prayojya kartA) (karma) (zuddha kartari kriyApada)] [(svatantraH kartA) (apijanta kriyApada) , (2) dazarathaH rAmam vanaM gamayati / preraka vAkya banAyA jAtA hai| (prayojaka kartA) (prayojya kartA Nijanta = prerakA ____ kI 'karma' saMjJA) kriyApada / uparyukta do vAkyoM kA parIkSaNa karane se mAlUma par3atA hai ki - dUsare vAkya meM kula milA kara tIna parivartana hue haiM : (1) naye prayojaka-kartA ke rUpa meM 'dazaratha:' pada nayA AyA hai, (2) mUla (prathama) vAkya kA (prayojya) kartA 'rAma' dvitIya vAkya meM karmasaMjJaka ho kara dvitIyA vibhakti meM calA gayA hai, aura (3) 'gacchati' (aNijanta kriyApada) kA 'gamayati' (Nijanta kriyApada) meM parivartana ho gayA hai / ina meM se dUsare aura tIsare parivartana kI prakriyA dekheM to - ____ pANini ne kahA hai ki - gatibuddhipratyavasAnArthazabdakarmAkarmakANAm aNi kartA sa Nau / 1-4-52 arthAt 'gatyAdyarthaka dhAtuoM ke aNijanta kartA kI Nijanta meM (= prerakaracanA . meM) karmakAraka saMjJA hotI hai / ' jisake kAraNa zuddha kartari vAkya kA kartA 'rAmaH', prerakaracanA meM karmasaMjJaka banakara, karmaNi dvitIyA / 2-3-2 sUtra se dvitIyA vibhakti meM parivartita ho jAtA hai :- rAmam / aura dUsarI aura (gacchati) kriyApada meM / gamlu gatau dhAtu ko, hetumati ca / 3-1-26 sUtra se preraNArthaka Nic (i) lagatA hai : gam + Nic - i = gami / aba 'gami jaise Nijanta aMza kI sanAdyantA dhAtavaH / 3-1-32 se 'dhAtu' saMjJA hotI hai / jisake pariNAma svarUpa nimnokta prakriyA Age bar3hatI hai :

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gami + laTa kartari karmaNi vAcya vAcya gami + tip [26] (1) vartamAne laT / 3-1-123 / . laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / 3-4-69 se vivakSA pUche jAne para mAna lIjiye ki hamane kahA hai ki hamArA yaha 'la' kartA ko vAcya banAyegA / (3) lasya / 3-4-77 ke adhikAra meM tiptas jhi.......mhik| 3-4-78 se la ke sthAna meM 'tip' Adeza kI pravRtti / (4) kartari zap / 3-1-68 se zap vikaraNa pratyaya kA vidhAna / | (5) sArvadhAtukArdhadhAtumayoH / 7-3-84 se iganta aGga ko guNa hogA / (6) eco'yavAyAvaH / 6-1-78 se e - ay Adeza / | (7) Nijanta kriyApada kI siddhi sampanna hotI + zap + tip gami iganta aGga ko guNa + . game + a + ti gam ay + a + ti gamayati / ___ aba 'gamayati' kriyApada ke /-tip/ pratyaya se kartRkAraka vAcya hai aisI vivakSA hamane uparyukta prakriyA ke Arambha meM vyakta kI thI / ataH kartA 'tip' se abhihita hone ke kAraNa 'dazaratha' rUpa naye preraka kartRkAraka zabda ko kartRkaraNayostRtIyA / 2-3-18 se tRtIyA nahIM lagatI hai| parantu prAtipadikArthaliGgaparimANavacanamAtre prathamA / 2-3-46 sUtra se prathamA vibhakti (ekavacana) /-su/ pratyaya lagatA hai, aura 'dazarathaH' aisA sampanna hotA hai / 'dazarathaH rAmaM vanaM gamayati' // yahA~ para tIna sUtra -- (1. hetumati ca / 3-1-26, 2. gatibuddhipratyavasAnArthazabdakarmAkarmakANAm aNi kartA sa Nau / 1-4-52 evaM 3. sanAdyantA dhAtavaH / 3-1-32)

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[27] aise hai jo spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAte haiM ki pANini ne eka (zuddhi) kartari vAkya kA Nijanta (= preraka) vAkya meM rUpAntaraNa kaise kaise hotA hai yaha pradarzita kiyA hai / 2.2 pUrvokta carcA kA niSkarSa : pANinIya vyAkaraNa tantra ke pUrvokta uttara golArdha meM, vigraha vAkya meM se eka vRttijanya zabda kA nirmANa karane ke lie rUpAntaraNa ke niyama (Transformational rules) prastuta kiye gaye haiM aisA kahanA sarvathA ucita hai / yaha smartavya hai ki tantra ke pUrva golArdha meM pradarzita vAkyaniSpatti kI prakriyA meM kartarivAcya, karmaNivAcya yA bhAvavAcya vAkyaracanAoM ko pUrNa svatantra rUpa se niSpanna hotI huI batAI gaI hai / arthAt kartarivAcya ko mUla racanA lekara usakA karmaNivAcya yA bhAvavAcya meM rUpAntaraNa hotA hai aisA nahIM batAyA gayA hai / - kevala tantra ke uttara golArdha meM, jahA~ para 'padoddezyaka - vidhiyA~' prastuta kI gaI hai, vahA~ para hI (zuddha) kartari racanA se Nijanta (preraka) vAkyaracanA kA rUpAntaraNa dikhAyA gayA hai / aura kRttaddhitAdi (prathama cAra) vRttiyoM meM koI na koI vigrahavAkya antaHstarIya racanA ke rUpa meM gRhIta hokara hI, usakA vRttijanya pada meM parivartana hotA huA pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / aura aise antaHstarIya racanA ke rUpa meM rahe vigrahavAkya bhI banate to haiM tantra ke pUrvagolArdha meM nirdiSTa padatvasaMpAdaka vidhisUtroM se hI ! yaha bhI bhUlanA nahIM cAhie || evameva vigrahavAkya meM se sAdhita vRttijanya kRdanta, taddhitAnta yA samAsAdi rUpa zabda eka naye vAkya ke kArakoM kA vizeSaNa rUpa 'artha' banakara tantra ke pUrvagolArdha meM nirdiSTa padatvasaMpAdaka vidhiyoM kI zaraNa meM phira se pahu~cate hI haiN| jisake phala svarUpa hameM " ( dAzarathiH) rAmaH (janakanandinIM) (priyaMvadAM) sItAM (sthaNDilazAyinaH) vAlmIkerAzramaM gamayati / " jaisA vAkya milatA hai / isa pralamba vAkya kI pUrvAvasthA meM mUla (zuddha) kartarivAkya to "sItA vAlmIkerAzramaM gacchati" itanA hI hai / parantu usIkA (1) preraka vAkyaracanA meM jaba rUpAntaraNa hotA hai to "rAmaH sItAM vAlmIkerAzramaM gamayati" jaisA vAkya banatA hai / aura ( 2 ) isa naye vAkya ke kArakoM kA vizeSaNa banakara jo jo taddhitAnta kRdanta yA samAsAdi vRttijanya zabda Aye haiM, ve bhI mUla meM to koI svatantra vigraha vAkya meM se hI banAye gaye haiM / jaisA ki - - (ka) dazarathasya apatyaM pumAn iti dAzarathiH / yahA~ ata iJ / 4-1-95 se apatyArthaka 'iJ' taddhita pratyaya kA pravartana huA hai|

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[28] (kha) nandayati yA sA - nandinI / yahA~ nandigrahipacAdibhyo lyu-Nin-yacaH / 3-1-134 se nind dhAtu ko lyuT - ana ho kara 'nandana' jaisA kRdanta zabda banatA hai / bAda meM strIpratyaya (41-15) se GIp ho kara 'nandinI' banatA hai / tatpazcAt - janakasya nandinI iti aise vigraha vAkya meM se 'janakanandinI / ' SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa banatA hai| (ga) priyaM vadati yA, sA priyaMvadA / / yahA~ para, priyavaze vadaH khac / 3-2-38 sUtrokta /-khac/ pratyaya Vvada dhAtu ko lagatA hai / aura aruSidajantasya mum / 6-3-67 se ('priya' zabda ko) mum Agama hotA hai / strItva kA TAp / "priyaMvadA' yaha kRdanta zabda hai / (gha) sthaNDilaM (nityaM) zete (vrataparipAlanAya) / iti sthaNDilazAyI / (sthaNDila + zIG ___ + Nini) yahA~ para vrate / 3-2-80 sUtra se 'vrata' rUpa artha bodhita karAne ke lie VzIG zayane dhAtu ko Nini - in pratyaya lagatA hai.| yahA~ 'sthaNDilazAyin' kRdanta zabda hai / isa taraha pratyeka kRdanta, taddhitAnta evaM samAsAdi vRttipada meM antaHstarIya racanA ke rUpa meM eka vigraha vAkya hotA hai / ina saba kA kRdantAdi zabda meM rUpAntaraNa ho jAne ke bAda ve eka naye vAkya ke kArakoM kA vizeSaNa bana kara, punaH padatvasaMpAdaka vidhiyA~ prApta kara sakate haiM / isa taraha pANinIya tantra kA pravartana evaM paribhramaNa eka ghUmate hue cakra kI taraha dikhAI par3atA hai // 3.0 pANinIya vyAkaraNa-tantra kA svarUpa : itanA to nizcita hai hI ki pANini ne apanA 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa pRthakkaraNAtmaka zailIvAlA nahIM likhA hai / usameM to prakRti + pratyaya ke saMyojana se zabdoM evaM vAkyoM kI niSpatti (vizeSa utpatti = vyutpatti) kI prakriyA pradarzita kI hai / parantu vartamAna yuga meM Adhunika bhASAvijJAna kA udaya hone ke bAda pANinIya vyAkaraNa kisa svarUpa kA hai ? yaha aneka dRSTioM se dekhA gayA hai / bhArata varSa ke manISIoM ne prAcInakAla se aisA mAnA hi kI pUrvamImAMsAzAstra 'vAkyazAstra' hai aura (pANinIya) vyAkaraNazAstra eka 'padazAstra' hai / Adhunika

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[29] bhASAvijJAna kI paribhASA meM aise pada niSpAdaka zAstra ko Morphological Grammar kahA jAtA hai / parantu pANini ke 'kArakapAda' (1-4-23 se 55 ) evaM 'vibhaktipAda' (2-3-1 se 73) kA adhyayana karane ke bAda prophe. esa. DI. jozI (pUNeM) sameta aneka vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai ki pANini ne vAkyaniSpAdakatantra kI hI racanA kI hai / arthAt pANinIya vyAkaraNa Sentence level kA vyAkaraNa hai / je. epha. sTAla 14 evaM pI. esa. subrahmaNyam 15 jaise vidvAnoM ne kahA hai ki pANini ne Transformational generative grammar prastuta kiyA hai | parantu prophe. jyorja kArdonA ne kahA hai ki ina sabhI Adhunika bhASAvaijJAnikoM ke mata kevala "andhaiH hastidarzanam " nyAya jaisA kahA jA sakatA hai / yathA eka andhene hastI kI sUMDha kA sparza karake batAyA ki hastI ajagara jaisA hai; to dUsare andhe ne hastI ke pA~va kA sparza karake nizcita kiyA ki hastI khambhe yA vRkSa jaisA hotA hai / to isa vibhinna darzana meM; hastI ke svarUpa kA Akalana karane meM, satyAMza hote hue bhI, kevala khaNDadarzana hai; akhaNDadarzana nahIM hai ! uparyukta sabhI mata meM kucha na kucha AdhAra jarUra hai, parantu vaha pUrNatayA svIkRta bhI nahIM kiye jA sakate | 16 - 14. Word order in Sanskrit and universal grammar by Stall Johan Frederik, Foundation of Language-5, Dordrecht, 1967. 15. See : Deep structure and surface structure in Panini; by P. S. Subrahmanyam, Indian Linguistics (Vol. 36.1) Dec. 1976, (p. 346-366). 16. My point is this. As one blind man, touching the trunk of an elephant, might say he is touching a snake, whereas another, touching the elephant's legs might say he is among trees, yet the elephant remains what he is, so have the modern authors whose views I have noted looked only at parts of Panini's system in isolation, concluding there from that Panini was this or that. None of these views is without some foundation, yet none of them is fully acceptable either. The fault lies in taking some small part of the system, comparing it with a modern system; and concluding that the two are indeed the same. PANINI-A Survey of Research; by George Cardona, Pub., Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, 1980, (p. 236).

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[30] 3.1 pANinIya-vyAkaraNa : cakravat ghUmatA huA eka tantra : parantu, prophe. jyorja kArdonA ke uparyukta abhiprAya ke anusandhAna meM yaha kahanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki - Adhunika vidvAnoM dvArA pANinIya-vyAkaraNa kA jo adyAvadhi AMzika darzana prApta kiyA gayA hai; vaha yadi pUrNatayA svIkArya nahIM hai, to pUrNatayA tiraskArya bhI nahIM hai ! prastuta dvitIya vyAkhyAna meM, hamane jo pANinIya vyAkaraNa ko 'cakravat ghUmatA huA eka tantra' kahA hai, usI mata meM pUrvAcAryoM ke sabhI matoM kA samAveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / aura bhUtakAla meM jo jo AMzika darzana prApta hue hai unhIM ko yogya tArkika krama meM susaMgata karake biThAyA jAya to sambhava hai ki pUrNa hastI kA darzana dRSTigocara bana jAya ! jaisA ki - 5. vizeSaNa rUpa 1 arthaartha bana kara naye | vAkya meM praveza 2 kArakasaMjJA 4. vRttijanya zabda kI siddhi si 3. vibhaktividhAna (pANinIya) 3. rUpAntaraNa ke niyama 4 4. subanta-tiGanta 'pada' kI siddhi vyAkaraNa tantra , 5. siddha padoM ke 2 prAtipadikasaMjJA bIca sandhi kArya 61 padoddezyaka M (1-2-46) 6-A loka meM prayogArha 'vAkya' kI vidhiyA~ kA niSpatti sampanna / prArambha athavA (= 'vRtti' kArya ke 6-B vigraha vAkya kI niSpatti rUpa meM kRt-taddhitAdi kA vidhAna) ___ yahA~ para, tantra ke pUrva golArdha meM jo padatvasAdhaka vidhiyA~ hai, unameM Morphological grammar kA svarUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai; parantu padatva kI siddhi hone ke bAda Age calane para

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[31] 5. sopAna para 'vAkya' kI niSpatti bhI/hI hai| ataH isI tantra ko 'vAkyaniSpAdakatantra' bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / __ aba pANinIya vyAkaraNa tantra ke uttara golArdha meM jo vidhiyA~ varNita kI gaI haiM, ve padoddezyaka-vidhiyA~ haiM; jinako 'vRtti' kArya bhI kaha sakate haiM / (isa svarUpa ko dekhakara hI zAyada, prAcIna bhAratavarSa meM isa vyAkaraNazAstra ko 'padazAstra' kahA gayA hogA / ) isa uttara golArdha meM ginAI gaI jo zAstraprakriyA~e hai, ve kisI na kisI vigraha vAkya ko tor3a kara, kRdanta, taddhitAnta yA samAsAdi prakAra ke zabdoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA hai / ataH usI bhAga ko "rUpAntaraNa kA vyAkaraNa" nAma de deM to vaha bhI sahI hai / yahA~ para atyanta mahattvapUrNa nirIkSaNIya bindu yaha ki padoddezyaka-vidhiyA~ jina vigrahavAkya para pravRtta kI jAtI haiM, ve bhI isI tantra ke pUrva golArdha meM varNita vidhiyoM se niSpanna huI hotI hai / ata: donoM golA? kA pArasparika sandhAna karane vAle jo sUtra haiM ve samarthaH padavidhiH / 2-1-1 jaisA paribhASAsUtra aura kRtaddhitasamAsAzca / 1-2-46 jaisA prAtipadikasaMjJAvidhAyaka sUtra haiM / isa taraha se pANinIya vyAkaraNa cakravat nirantara ghUmatA huA eka tantra hai; jo loka meM prayogArha ho aise aneka asaMkhya vAkya sadaiva niSpanna karatA rahatA hai| aise vAkya kI niSpatti kA Arambha vivakSita artha kI pUrva avadhAraNA se zUrU hotA hai / aise vAkya yA vAkyAMza ko 'vigrahavAkya' ke rUpa meM lekara, hama cAheM to kRttaddhitasamAsAdi paJcavidha vRttiyoM kA nirmANa karake, apane abhISTArtha ko eka dRr3habandha ke rUpa meM bhI prastuta kara sakate haiM / athavA-aise vRttijanya zabdoM kA kArakoM ke (abhedaniSTha) vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayoga karake, apanI abhivyakti ko adhika pariniSThita bhI kara sakate haiM /

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[32] pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' kA sthAna, svarUpa evaM kArya (dvitIya-vyAkhyAna) yena dhautA giraH puMsAM vimalaiH zabdavAribhiH / tamazcAjJAnajaM bhinnaM tasmai pANinaye namaH // 0.0 bhUmikA : 0.1 'vyAkaraNa' zabda kA artha evaM pANinIya vyAkaraNa kA svarUpa vi + A upasargapUrvaka kR (qaraNe) dhAtu ko 'karaNa' artha meM lyuT (ana) pratyaya jor3ane se 'vyAkaraNa' zabda niSpanna hotA hai / vyutpatti kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to "vyAkriyante (= pRthak kriyante) zabdA anena iti vyAkaraNam / " arthAt jisa ke dvArA padoM ke prakRti aura pratyaya ko pRthakkRta karake dikhAyA jAtA hai, use 'vyAkaraNa' kahate haiM / udAharaNa ke lie - bhavati kriyApada meM bhU sattAyAm dhAtu (prakRti) hai, aura usako 'kartR' artha meM prathama puruSa, ekavacana kA parasmaipadasaMjJaka 'ti' pratyaya lagA hai| rAmeNa jaise nAmapada meM husva a kArAnta puMliMga rAma prAtipadika (prakRti) ko kartRkAraka yA karaNa kArakArtha meM tRtIyA vibhakti ekavacana kA TA - ina pratyaya lagA hai - isataraha se padoM ke prakRti-pratyaya ko alaga karake pradarzita karanA 'vyAkaraNa' kahalAtA hai / 'vyAkaraNa' zabda kA yaha vyutpattijanya artha sUcita karatA hai ki kisI bhI vyAkaraNatantra kI AkRti eka (khar3e) trikoNAkAra jaisI honI cAhie : + rAma (prakRti) ina (pratyaya)

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[33] kintu maharSi pANini -praNIta vyAkaraNatantra kA anuzIlana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki 'vyAkaraNa' zabda kA artha 'pRthak kriyante' nahIM hai / yahA~ to 'vyAkriyante' zabda kA artha "niSpAdyante vyutpAdyante saMsAdhyante zabdA anena iti vyAkaraNam / " - aisA hI saGgata hotA hai / arthAt pANiniviracita vyAkaraNatantra meM to prakRti + pratyaya kA sammelana karake, kisa taraha se nAmapada (subanta) evaM kriyApada ( tiGanta) ke rUpoM kI siddhi niSpatti kI jAtI hai yaha batAyA jAtA hai / saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to isa pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM padoM kA pRthakkaraNa prastuta nahIM huA hai, balki prakRti + pratyaya ke saMyojana kI prakriyA hI sikhAI gayI hai / jaise - rAma kulhAr3I se vRkSa ko kATatA hai / yahA~ 'kulhAr3I nAmaka eka vastu' + 'usakI sAdhakatama sAdhana ke rUpa meM prApta honevAle sAhAyya' artha ko vyakta karane kA prasaGga / vivakSA hone para vastuvAcaka prakRti ke rUpa meM 'kuThAra' zabda kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / aura 'sAdhakatama sAdhana' rUpa artha vyakta karane ke lie /-TA / aisA pratyaya liyA jAtA hai / usake bAda, prakRti + pratyaya meM Avazyaka dhvaniparivartana kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai; phira tRtIya stara para donoM aMzoM kA saMyojana karake, "kuThAreNa" (subanta) pada kI siddhi hotI hai / isa se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI AkRti ulTe trikoNa jaisI hai ! (prakRti) kuThAra + TA (pratyaya) Avazyaka dhvaniparivartana kuThAra + ina guNa kuThArena kuThAreNa - isa taraha se socane para mAlUma hotA hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa koI pRthakkaraNa (Analysis) kI prakriyA nahIM hai, balki vaha saMyojana ( Synthesis) kI prakriyA hai // 0.2 'vyAkaraNa' kA pratipAdya : kisI bhI bhASA ke vyAkaraNa meM kula milAkara cAra varNya viSayoM kA samAveza hotA hai ! jaise (1) dhvani (svara - vyaJjana), (2) pada (nAmapada - kriyApada), (3) vAkya evaM (4) artha / inameM se prathama tIna varNya viSaya sAdhanakoTi meM Ate haiM aura caturtha viSaya sAdhyakoTi -

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[34] meM AtA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahe to - dhvani, pada evaM vAkya (artha ke) pratyAyaka kahe jAte hai; aura jo 'artha' hotA hai vaha 'pratyAyya' kahA jAtA hai / ataH yaha jAnanA atIva Avazyaka hai ki bhagavAn pANini ne apane vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' ko kahA~ sthAna diyA hai| 0.3 arthatattva kA vyApa evaM vyAkaraNatantra kA kAryakSetra : vAgvyavahAra kI avasthA meM vaktA jaba bhI kisI se bAtacIta karatA hai to svara-vyaJjana rUpa dhvaniyA~ se bane 'padoM' aura (parasparAnvita) padoM kI zreNI se bane 'vAkya' rUpa ikAI kA prayoga karake, apane mana meM rahe hue vivakSita artha ko, zrotA ke mana meM saMkrAnta karatA hai / isataraha vAgvyavahAra meM arthAbhivyakti hI carama evaM parama lakSya hai / lekina bhASA meM prayukta honevAle pratyeka vAkya kA eka hI artha (vAkyArtha) hotA hai, aisA hamezA nahIM banatA / 'sUrya asta ho gayA' isa vAkya ke prasaGgavazAt (prakaraNavazAt) aneka artha ho sakate haiM / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki, eka hI zabda ke vAcyArtha, lakSyArtha evaM vyaGgyArtha rUpa vibhinna artha ho sakate haiM / aba koI vaiyAkaraNa apane vyAkaraNa-tantra meM 'artha' ko sthAna de yA na de ?, tathA yadi artha ko sthAna de to kisa stara para - yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai / yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki vaha kisa maryAdA meM raha kara (arthAt vAcyArtha taka hI sImita raha kara) artha kI bAta kare ? ___Adhunika bhASAvaijJAnikoM kI dRSTi se bhASA kA yaha 'artha' rUpa caturtha varNyaviSaya sarala nahIM hai, balki jaTila hai aura vistRta bhI hai, kyoMki arthoM kA vicAra karate samaya kevala kozagata arthoM kI mImAMsA karane se bAta nahIM banatI: kozagata arthoM se bAhara nikala kara sambhASaNa sandarbho ko bhI dhyAna meM lenA Avazyaka hotA hai / ata: ina Adhunika bhASAvaijJAnikoM meM se kucha kA aisA bhI prastAva hai ki vyAkaraNa kI carcA meM 'artha' kA samAveza nahIM karanA cAhie; usake lie to svatantra rUpa se hI vicAra karanA cAhie / isa sandarbha meM, aba 1. The role of and approach to meaning in language is an important and vexatious theme of inquiry. Formerly, many American linguistis, in a mood of strong rejection of traditional grammar and influenced by a rather extreme behavioristic position, viewed meaning with suspicion..... some have said that meaning lies totally outside the linguistic system, that it is a sort of net work between cultural systems; some feel that it is to be analyzed as a quite separate problem; others, that it must be constantly taken into consideration. See : American School of Linguistics : by Eric. P. Hamp., Published in LINGUISTICS; Ed. by Archibdd A. Hill, Voice of America Forum serices; Washington, 1978 (p. 280).

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[35] yaha dekhanA hogA ki maharSi pANinine apane 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNatantra meM arthatattva ko sthAna diyA hai yA nahIM ? aura yadi arthatattva ko sthAna diyA hai to kahA~ diyA hai, aura usakA svarUpa (vidhAyeM) kyA hai aura usakA eka zabdaniSpAdaka tantra (Machine) meM kyA kArya hai ? isa prathama vyAkhyAna meM ina viSayoM kI AlocanA abhISTa hai / 1.0 pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' kA sthAna : 1. 1 pANinIya - vyAkaraNa kA dvividha svarUpa : sosyura nAmaka eka yUropIya bhASAvidne bhASAmAtra ke adhyayana ke lie do prakAra kI paddhatiyA~ batAI hai unakA kathana hai ki kisI bhI bhASA ko, jaba usakI aitihAsika utkrAnti (parivartana ke vividha stara) ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAtA hai taba usako historical lingistics (aitihAsika bhASAvijJAna) kahate haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM ise diachronic approach bhI kaha sakate haiM / isase bhinna kisI nizcita samaya meM pravartamAna bhASA ke svarUpa kI jaba gaveSaNA kI jAtI hai, taba use non-historical linguistics kahate haiM / usI ko dUsare zabdoM meM Synchorinic approach bhI kahA jAtA hai 12 C - A B prastuta citra meM C-D ko eka bANa ke nizAna se jor3A gayA hai, jo yaha batAtA hai ki bhASA eka satata parivartanazIla jIvanta mAdhyama hai / kAla ke ananta pravAha meM, kisI eka bhASA meM jo jo parivartana Ate haiM unhIM kA yahA~ adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / parantu A-B binduoM se yaha sUcita karanA abhISTa hai ki ananta samaya ke kisI eka nizcita avadhi para (nizcita kAlakhaNDa meM) kisI eka bhASA kA svarUpa kaisA thA ? isa bAta kA adhyayana abhISTa hai / yahA~ para yaha bhI smartavya hai ki bhASA kI utkrAnti kA (CD 'DAyakronika' abhigama se) adhyayana karane se pahale, kisI bhI bhASAvaijJAnika ko A - B prakAra ke 'sinkronika' dRSTikoNa se adhyayana karanA atIva Avazyaka hai, kyoMki pahale yaha nizcita ho jAnA jarUrI hai ki ananta samaya meM, nizcita kAlabindu para koI eka bhASA amuka svarUpa kI thii| phira usa ke bAda hI 2. draSTavya: Course in General Linguistics : by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913).

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[36] yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai ki usa bhASA kI pUrvasthiti kaisI thI evaM paravartI kAlameM kaisI sthiti banatI gayI / bhASA ke adhyayana meM aitihAsika dRSTi bAda meM hI praviSTa hotI hai / isa taraha se sosyurane bhASAoM ke adhyayana ke lie jo dvividha paddhatiyA~ batAI haiM, unameM se pANinine 'sinkronika' prakAra ke abhigama ko svIkAra ke unake samaya meM ziSTabhASaka samudAya meM saMskRta bhASA kisa svarUpa meM bolI jAtI thI, kisa artha meM kaisI rUparacanA hotI thI, do vaikalpika rUpoM meM se kauna sA rUpa adhika prayogArha thA athavA sambhASaNa ke viziSTa sandarbha meM kauna sI viziSTa vibhakti yA svarabhAra kA prayoga karanA cAhie-ina saba kA 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM sUkSmekSikA se nirUpaNa kiyA hai / ___ yahA~ para eka spaSTatA karanI Avazyaka hai ki yadyapi pANinine apanI 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM vaidika saMskRta bhASA aura laukika saMskRta bhASA kA yugapat varNana kiyA hai; parantu vahA~ para vaidika saMskRta bhASA meM se laukika saMskRta bhASA kaise avatarita huI hai ? - aise 'DAyakronika' abhigama se saMskRta bhASA kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA hai / kintu pANinine 'sinkronika' abhigama se hI donoM prakAra kI saMskRta bhASAoM kA eka sAtha meM nirUpaNa karane kA kArya bar3I saphalatA se sampanna kiyA hai / saMskRta bhASA kI kisI eka rUparacanA meM, loka meM kauna sA rUpa pracalita hai aura veda meM kyA bhinnatA yA vaiziSTya hai vaha bhI sAtha sAtha meM batAyA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kahe to - loka meM rAmaH - rAmau - rAmA: aise prathamA vibhakti ke tIna rUpa hote haiM / parantu veda meM rAmA: ke sAtha 'rAmAsaH' aisA eka adhika rUpa bhI banatA hai aisA unhoMne 'Ajjaserasuk' / pA. sU. 7-1-50 sUtra se kahA hai / isa taraha sosyura kI paribhASA meM kaheM to pANinIya vyAkaraNa 'sinkronika' abhigama se likhA gayA vyAkaraNa hai| 3. He (Saussure) sharply distinguished historical (diachronic) and non-historical (Synchronic) approaches to language study. The former sees language as a continually changing medium; the latter sees it as a living whole existing as a 'state' at a particular moment in time. In his diagram, AB represents a synchronic axis of simultaneities' - a language state at some point in time : CD is a diachronic axis of successions' - the historical path the language has travelled. - See : The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language : Ed. Devid Crystal, Cambridge Univ. Press, Reprint, 1992, (p. 407).

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[37] - uparyukta dRSTikoNa se likhe gaye pANini ke 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa ko hama 'varNanAtmaka' prakAra kA (Descriptive grammar) vyAkaraNa to kaheMge hI; parantu jaisA ki Arambha meM (0.1) kahA gayA hai, yahI vyAkaraNa pRthak-karaNAtmaka paddhati se nahIM, varan saMyojanAtmaka paddhati se likhA gayA hai / arthAt pANinIya vyAkaraNa to eka 'zabdaniSpAdaka tantra' bhI hai / jisa meM prakRti + pratyaya kA saMyojana karake, bIca meM Avazyaka dhvaniparivartana karate hue, antatogatvA loka meM pracalita eka prayogArha vAkya kisa taraha se niSpanna hotA hai isakI prakriyA batAI gaI hai / ataH pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke eka sAtha do svarUpa hamAre sAmane upasthita hote haiM aura isa prakAra yaha vyAkaraNa "varNanAtmaka prakAra kA zabdaniSpAdaka vyAkaraNatantra" (Descriptive Generative Grammar) pratIta hotA hai / 1.2 tantra meM artha-nirdeza kI AvazyakatA evaM prayuktiyA~ : yadi pANini ke vyAkaraNa kA prakAra varNanAtmaka hai, to yaha nitAnta Avazyaka hogA ki pANini jaba bhI kisI pada kI sAdhanikA batAyeM to ve yaha bhI kaheM ki vahA~ kisa artha meM amuka pratyaya A rahA hai ? jaise - kisa liGga yA vacana (saGkhyA ) rUpI artha ko vyakta (yA dyotita) karane ke lie yaha pratyaya prayukta kiyA jAtA hai ? yaha to kisI bhI vaiyAkaraNa ko batAnA hI hogA / athavA stuti, nindA, Akroza, yA tvarA, AkSepAdi rUpa viziSTa mana:sthitiyA~/mAnasika bhAvoM kA prakaTIkaraNa karane ke lie prasiddha prakRti-pratyaya meM kahA~ para viziSTa dhvani parivartana huA karatA hai ? yaha bhI batAnA anivArya hai / ata eva yaha saba vizada karane ke lie, pANini ko apane varNanAtmaka prakAra ke vyAkaraNa meM, artha-nirdeza karanA jarUrI, balki anivArya bana gayA hai / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki loka meM pracalita nAmapada evaM kriyApadoM kI, kisa prakRti + pratyaya ke saMyojana se rUparacanA sampanna hotI hai ? - itanA hI batAne se "varNanAtmaka prakAra" kA vyAkaraNa nahIM kahalAtA hai| usake lie to yaha bhI batAnA parama Avazyaka hotA hai ki kisa artha meM kauna sA pratyaya prayukta hotA hai / isa sandarbha meM aba yaha dekhanA hogA ki - maharSi pANini ne apane vyAkaraNatantra meM (padagata evaM vAkyagata) arthoM kA nirdeza karane ke lie kina kina prayuktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai : pANini ne apane sUtroM meM prAyaH paJcamI yA saptamI, SaSThI evaM prathamA - ina tIna (sup) vibhaktyanta padoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina meM se saptamyanta padoM kA arthaghaTana karane ke lie sabase pahale, adhikaraNa kAraka ke tIna prabheda jAnane par3eMge / adhikaraNa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM :

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[38] (ka) abhivyApaka adhikaraNa, (tileSu tailam) (kha) aupazleSika adhikaraNa, (rAmaH kaTe Aste) evaM (ga) vaiSayika adhikaraNa / - (brahmaNi jijJAsA) __ (kisI ke mata meM 'sAmIpaka' nAmakA eka cauthA bhI adhikaraNa hotA hai / yathA-gaGgAyAM ghoSaH / anya loga ise aupazleSika adhikaraNa ke antargata samAviSTa kara lete haiM / ) pANini ne apane sUtroM meM jahA~-jahA~ saptamyanta pada rakhe haiM unameM prAyaH aupazleSikAdhikaraNa vAcikA saptamI vibhakti kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / udA. iko yaNaci / 6-1-77, ato guNe 6-1-97, vRddhireci / 6-1-88 // yahA~ para 'aci', 'guNe' yA 'eci' jaise jo saptamyanta pada hai, usakA arthaghaTana karane ke lie tasminniti nirdiSTe pUrvasya / 1-1-66 jaisA paribhASAsUtra pravRtta hotA hai aura 'aci' jaise padoM meM parasaptamI (yA nimittasaptamI) hai-aisA bodha karAtA hai / isI ko aupazleSika saptamI (yA sAmIpaka adhikaraNa vAcikA saptamI) kahate haiM / parantu jaba kSayyajayyau zakyArthe / 6-1-81, suSyajAtau NinistAcchIlye / 3-2-78, kSayo nivAse / 6-1-201, SaSThI cAnAdare / 2-3-38 jaise sUtra Ate haiM, aura unameM jo saptamyanta pada haiM ve vaiSayika adhikaraNa ke vAcaka haiM / yahA~ kSayyajayyau zakyArthe / 6-1-81 sUtra se kahA jAtA hai - kSetuM zakyaM 'kSayyam' aura zakyArtha se bhinna artha vyakta karanA abhISTa ho to 'kSeyam' zabda banatA hai / yathA-kSetuM yogyaM kSeyaM pApam / isI taraha se kSayo nivAse / 6-1-201 sUtra kahatA hai ki - "nivAsa' rUpa artha kA abhidhAna karanA vivakSita ho taba, vaha zabda AdhudAtta banatA hai / yathA - kSiyanti nivasanti asmin iti 'kSayaH' / aura 'nivAsa' se bhinna artha meM vahI zabda antodAtta banatA hai / jaisA ki - kSayo vartate dasyUnAm / yahA~ para viziSTa dhvaniparivartana, padaracanA yA svaravaiSamya batAne ke lie pANinine apane sUtroM meM 4. kartRkarmavyavahitAm asAkSAd dhArayat kriyAm / upakurvat kriyAsiddhau zAstre'dhikaraNaM smRtam // upazleSasya cAbhedastilAkAzakaTadiSu / upakArAstu bhidyante saMyogisamavAyinAm // (vA. pa. 3-7-148, 149) draSTavyaH vAkyapadIyam (Kanda III, Part-I), Ed. K. A. Subramania Iyer, Pub. Deccan College, Pune, 1963, (p. 348). 5. kSaya jAgRhi prapazyan / RgvedaH (10-118-1). "tuma (apane) ghara meM dekhate hue jAgRta raho / "

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[39] arthanirdeza karanA Avazyaka mAnA hai / aura aise arthanirdezoM ko ullikhita karane ke lie saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA hai / aisA arthanirdeza karanevAlI saptamI "vaiSayika saptamI" hotI hai / __(pANini ne apane sUtroM meM parasaptamI arthAt nimittasaptamI, evaM vaiSayika saptamI kA prayoga karane ke sAtha sAtha eka tIsarI bhAvalakSaNA saptamI (sati saptamI) kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie kartRkarmaNoH kRti / 2-3-65. yahA~ para 'kRti' aisA sati saptamyanta pada kahatA hai ki "vAkya meM kahIM para bhI kRdanta zabda kA prayoga ho taba....." / arthAt yahA~ "kRdanta zabda avyavahita para meM rahe taba" aisA artha nahIM hotA hai / prastuta carcA meM, ina tInoM prakAra ke saptamyanta padoM meM se kevala vaiSayika adhikaraNa vAcaka saptamyanta pada hI upAdeya haiM / ) 1.2.2 artha-nirdeza ke anya upAya : artha-nirdeza ke lie pANinine vaiSayika saptamIvAle padoM se atirikta jo eka anya upAya kA AzrayaNa kiyA hai vaha 'iti' karaNa kA prayoga hai / jaisA ki - tadasyAstyasminniti matup / 5-1-94 sUtra se 'asya asti' evaM 'asmin asti' aise artha ko prakaTa karane kI vivakSA hotI hai, taba /-matup/ pratyaya lagatA hai / yathA - (1) gAvo'sya santi = gomAn devadattaH / (2) vRkSAH asmin santi = vRkSavAn parvataH / yahA~ para kAzikAkAra kahate hai ki - itikaraNo vivakSArthaH / isa prakAra yahA~ pANini ne itikaraNa se artha-nirdeza kiyA hai; vaiSayika saptamI kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai / kahIM sthAna aise bhI hai ki pANini ne jahA~ arthanirdeza kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM samajhI hai / yathA - satyApapAza.........curAdibhyo Nic / 3-1-25 1.3 vAkyaniSpatti kI prakriyA kA Arambha bindu hI 'artha' : aba yaha vivecanIya hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' kA sthAna kahA~ para hai ? 'vAkya' kA apara paryAya tiGanta pada hai| kyoMki 'vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya' meM vAkya kA lakSaNa dete hue 'ekatiG (vAkyam)" aisA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai / eka tiGanta pada meM pUrA vAkyArtha saMnihita rahatA hai / ata: 'tiGanta pada se kauna kauna se artha prApta hote haiM - aisA socane para mAlUma par3atA hai ki (1) dhAtvartha (vyApAra evaM phala), (2) kAla, (3) kartRkAraka yA karmakAraka (yA bhAva) evaM (4) saGkhyA - ye cAra artha prApta hote haiM / udAharaNArtha - 'devadattaH 6. samarthaH padavidhiH / (pA. sU. 2-1-1) ityatra vAttikam / draSTavyam vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam /

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[40] taNDulAn pacati / ' vAkya ke 'pacati' kriyApada ko liyA jAya to isameM se (1) viklityanukUla vyApAra, (2) vartamAna kAla, (3) prathama puruSa rUpa kartRkAraka evaM (4) kartRkAraka kI ekatva viziSTa saMkhyA kA bodha hotA hai / lekina aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki eka tiGanta pada se bodhita hone vAle uparyukta cAroM arthoM kA sthAna pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM kahA~ para rakhA gayA hai ? mAna lIjie koI vaktA apane vivakSita artha rUpa "rAma lakar3I se cAvala pakAtA hai|" jaisA koI vAkya saMskRta meM rUpAntarita karanA cAhatA hai| to use "pakAtA hai isa kriyApada meM se do artha kI pratIti hotI hai: pakAtA hai (kha) vartamAnakAla do artha (ka) pAka honA kriyA rUpa-sAdhanikA ke prathama sopAna para, ina do arthoM kI pratIti ko saMskRta meM rUpAntarita karane ke lie (pANinIya tantra kA sahArA liyA jAya to) pANini kA dhAtupATha kahatA hai ki "DupacaS pAke" (bhvAdi-gaNa 718 vA~ dhAtu) dhAturUpa prakRti kA cayana kiyA jAya; aura aSTAdhyAyI-sUtrapATha se vartamAne laT / 3-2-123 sUtravihita laT pratyaya liyA jAya / ye donoM - 'pac' rUpA prakRti, evaM 'laT' rUpa pratyaya-pUrvokta do arthoM kA rUpAntaraNa karanA zurU karate hai| pakAtA hai (ka) pAka hone kI kriyA (kha) vartamAnakAla DupacaS pAke vartamAne laT / (dhAtupATha-bhvAdi 718) (pA. sU. 3-2-123) prakRti pratyaya __ (pANini ne dhAtupATha meM sabhI dhAtuoM kA arthapradarzanapUrvaka parigaNana kiyA hai, aura vaha sabhI arthoM kA nirdeza saptamI vibhakti meM kiyA hai / isakA matalaba yaha hotA hai ki

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__ [41] (ka) pAka-kriyA rUpa artha meM (= artha ko vyakta karane ke lie) 'DupacaS' prakRti prayukta hotI hai; aura (kha) vartamAna kAla meM amuka kriyA ho rahI hai, aisA vyakta karane ke lie dhAtu ke bAda laT pratyaya ko rakhA jAtA hai / isa taraha Arambha meM, nizcita 'kriyA' evaM 'kAla' rUpa artha vyakta karane kI vaktA kI icchA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, ukta donoM arthoM ko vyakta karane meM sakSama prakRti + pratyaya kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / aba rUpasAdhanikA ke dvitIya sopAna para eka tIsarA artha (kartRkAraka yA karmakAraka yA bhAva rUpa artha) kaise sanniviSTa hotA hai ? vaha dekheMge : + | laT sakarmaka akarmaka l (a, T itsaMjJaka, lopa) vaktA kI vivakSA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue aba laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / 3-4-69 sUtra se pUchA jAtA hai ki - kartari karmaNi uparinirdiSTa l pratyaya kyA 'kartA' artha meM prayukta (mAna lo ki vivakSA se kartRkAraka karanA cAhate ho yA 'karma' artha meM ?? ko vyakta karanA nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai / ) yahA~ para 'kartRkAraka' rUpa yA 'karmakAraka' rUpa vivakSitArtha l pratyaya (aura usake sthAna para AdiSTa tibAdi tiG pratyaya) se vyakta hogA aisA tRtIya sopAna para nirdhArita kiyA jAtA hai / ___ aba caturtha sopAna para jaba - pac + lasya / 3-4-77 ke adhikAra meM, tip-tas-jhi..... iD-vahi mahiG / 3-4-78 sUtrokta tiG pratyayoM kA vidhAna hone para, 7. "rAma lakar3I se cAvala pakAtA hai" (kartari prayoga) - aisA kahanA cAhate ho, ki "rAma ke dvArA cAvala pakAyA jAtA hai" (karmaNi prayoga) aisA kahanA cAhate ho ?

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taba - ( prathama puruSa ) tip ( madhyama puruSa ) sip (uttama puruSa ) mip -- - [42] l kAra sthAni ke sthAna para tas jhi thas tha - -- nava parasmaipadasaMjJaka vas mas pratyaya Adeza ke rUpa meM A kara upasthita hote haiM / yahA~ para, prathama (1) ka, kha, ga sUtroM yaha dekha lenA paDatA hai ki l sthAnika tiG pratyaya se jo 'kartRkAraka' rUpa tRtIya artha vyakta karane kI vivakSA hamane pUrva meM nirdhArita kI thI vahI kartRkAraka kA vAcaka zabda 'yuSmad' upapada meM prayujyamAna rahe yA aprayujyamAna rahe (arthAt gamyamAna rahe) taba, tibAdi nava parasmaipadasaMjJaka pratyayoM meM se madhyama puruSasaMjJaka "sip - thas tha" pratyayoM kA cayana karanA hai / yadi vivakSita kartRkAraka vAcaka zabda 'asmad' upapada meM hai, to uttamapuruSa saMjJaka "mip mas' pratyayoM kA grahaNa karanA hai, parantu hama dekhate haiM ki hamArA jo vivakSita vAkya hai vaha to "rAma (kartRkAraka) lakar3I se cAvala pakAtA hai" aisA hai; usameM AyA huA kartRkAraka vAcaka zabda na to 'yuSmad' vAcya hai aura na hI 'asmad' vAcya hai / 'rAma' to asmad - yuSmad bhinna (= prathama puruSa ) hone se l sthAnika parasmaipada saMjJaka uparyukta nava pratyayoM meM se prathama puruSa saMjJaka "tip jhi" pratyayoM kA hI anta meM cayana karanA hogA / vas tas - (1) (ka) yuSmadyupapade samAnAdhikaraNe sthAninyapi madhyamaH / 1-4-105 (kha) asmadyuttamaH / 1-4 -107, evaM (ga) zeSe prathamaH / 1-4-108 (2) dvyekayodvivacanaikavacane / 1-4-22 sUtra upasthita hote haiM / - - - tatpazcAt dvitIya (2) dvyekayo vivacanaikavacane / 1-4-22 sUtra se kahA jAtA hai ki kartRkAraka vAcaka (rAma) zabda yadi dvitvasaMkhyA viziSTa hai, to dvivacana - saMjJaka / --tas/ pratyaya kA cayana kiyA jAya / aura vaha zabda yadi ekatvasaMkhyA viziSTa hai (arthAt 'rAma' kartA kI saMkhyA eka hI hai) to tip tas jhi aise tIna pratyayoM meM se 'ekavacana' saMjJaka / - tip / pratyaya cunA jAya // isa sUtra kA tAtparya yaha hai ki nizcita saMkhyA rUpI 8. - 1-4-105, 107 evaM 108 sUtroM meM AyI huI saptamI bhAvalakSaNA sati saptamI hai / ( vaha aupaz leSika, nimittasaptamI yA vaiSayika saptamI nahIM hai / )

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[43] caturtha artha kI abhivyakti karane ke lie nava pratyayoM meM se koI eka pratyaya rakhA jAtA hai / "rAma cAvala pakAtA hai" aise vAkya meM rAma kI saMkhyA eka hai, isa lie ekavacana saMjJaka /-tip/ pratyaya ko pac dhAtu ke bAda rakhA jAtA hai / / ____ aba anta meM, 'pac + tip' kI sAdhanikA (= rUpaprakriyA) Age baDhAI jAtI hai| 'tip' pratyaya jo kartRkAka kA vAcaka hai, usakA anuvAdaka (yA aGga saMjJAsAdhaka) /-zap-/ vikaraNa pratyaya donoM ke bIca meM lagAyA jAtA hai (kartari zap / 3-1-68) / pariNAma svarUpa "pac + zap + tip / " meM se - pac + a + ti - pacati / jaise vAkya kI niSpatti sampanna hotI hai| uparyukta rUpaprakriyA kA kramazaH avatAra dekhane para mAlUma hotA hai ki kisI bhI tiGanta pada se prApta hone vAle (1. dhAtvartha kriyA, 2. kAla, 3. kartR yA karmakAraka yA bhAva evaM 4. saMkhyArUpa) cAroM arthoM ko pANini ne prakriyA ke Arambha meM hI rakhA hai / bAda meM rUpaprakriyA kramazaH Age bar3hatI huI, anta meM loka meM prayogArha ho aise sAdhu vAkya ko niSpanna karake vaktA ke hAtha meM rakha detI hai| isa sAdhanikA ko eka upamA ke mAdhyama se spaSTa kareM to - rasaniSyandaka-yantra meM ikSudaNDa (Ikha) pahale rakhA jAtA hai, jisako in-put kaheMge, bAda meM yantra ko saJcAlita karane para dUsarI ora IkhakA rasa bAhara nikala kara AtA hai; jisako out-put kaheMge / isI taraha se pANini ne bhI apane zabdaniSpAdaka tantra (Generative grammar) meM "artha" ko Arambhabindu para hI, in-put ke rUpa meM rakhA hai / ekabAra arthavAcikA prakRti + pratyaya kA nirdhAraNa/cayana ho jAne ke bAda, usI ke upara sthAnyAdezabhAva rUpa prakriyA ke mAdhyama se (parasparAnvita) subanta evaM tiGanta pada rUpa 'vAkya' antameM, out-put ke rUpa meM, vaktA ke hAtha meM A jAtA hai / __pANini ne dhAtupATha meM jo (vaiSayika adhikaraNavAcaka) saptamyanta padoM se dhAtvarthoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai; aura vartamAne laT / 3-2-123 ya dvyekayovivacanaikavacane / 1-4-22 yA bahuSu bahuvacanam / 1-4-21 jaise vaiSayika adhikaraNa vAcaka saptamyanta padavAle sUtra likhakara, rUpaprakriyA meM bhI sabase pahale vibhinna arthoM kA puraskAra kiyA hai usase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pANini ke tantra meM 'artha' kA sthAna rUpaprakriyA ke Arambhabindu para hI hai| 1.4 vaktRpakSa meM 'artha' kI saMkalpanA Arambha meM hI honI svAbhAvika hai : __pANini ke zabdaniSpAdaka-tantra meM 'vAkya' kI niSpatti (evaM vAkyAntargata-parasparAnvita subanta-tiGanta padoM kI yugapat niSpatti) batAI gaI hai / parantu una meM jo 'artha' kA sthAna 9. pANinIya tantra meM prathamAnta pada ko chor3akara kisI bhI anya pada kI ekAkI-nirapekSa siddhi nahIM hotI hai| ataH pANinine vAkyasaMskArapakSa kA vyAkaraNa likhA hai; padasaMskArapakSa kA vyAkaraNa nahIM - yaha siddha hotA hai /

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[44] prakriyA ke Arambhabindu para hI rakhA gayA hai, aura usake bAda unhIM arthoM kA prakRti + pratyaya meM parivartana yA saMkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai - aisA batAyA gayA hai vaha vaktRpakSa se dekhA jAya to svAbhAvika bhI hai, balki vahI svAbhAvika hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to pANini ne vaktRpakSa se vAgvyavahAra kisa krama se zurU hotA hai usakA sUkSmekSikA se Akalana karake, usI svAbhAvika/ naisargika krama ko zAstra meM tAntrika-krama se parivartita kara diyA hai ! isI bAta ko bhartRharine bhI 'vAkyapadIya' meM kahA hai : vitarkitaH purA buddhayA kvacid arthe nivezitaH / karaNebhyo vivRtena dhvaninA so'nugRhyate // (vA. pa. 1-47) "Arambha meM buddhi ke dvArA (sphoTa rUpa nityazabda ko) kisI (vivakSita) artha meM nivezita kiyA jAtA hai (= sphoTarUpa nityazabda kA kisI artha ke sAtha tAdAtmya siddha kiyA jAtA hai); bAda meM tAlvAdi uccAraNa sthAnoM se vivRta (uccarita) kiye gaye dhvanioM se vaha (vivakSita artha) anugRhIta kiyA jAtA hai (arthAt vyakta kiyA jAtA hai) / '10 saMkSepa meM kaheM to - pANini ne apane zabdaniSpAdaka-tantra meM arthatattva ko jo Arambhabindu para rakhA hai, vaha vaktRpakSa kI dRSTi se svAbhAvika bhI hai / yaha bAta pANini kI mahimA kI dyotaka hai| 2.0 'artha' kA svarUpa : 2.1.1 'artha' zabda kA nirvacana : _ 'nirukta' vedAGga meM 'artha' zabda kA nirvacana karate hue yAskane likhA hai ki - artho'rteH / araNastho vA / (niruktam 1-6-18). (1) Rgatau dhAtu se 'artha' zabda banA hai / arthAt jo jAtA hai (nikalatA hai) vaha 'artha' hai / (2) dUsare nirvacana ke anusAra - jo (kisI ke) jAne ke bAda bhI khar3A rahatA hai; vaha 'artha' hai / / / donoM hI nirvacanoM kA tAtparyArtha spaSTa karate hue TIkAkAra durgane likhA hai ki - artho'rteH gatikarmaNaH / arthyate hyasAvarthibhiH / 10. vAkyapadIyam / prathamo bhAgaH (svopajJasahitam), saM. raghunAtha zarmA, prakA. sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayaH, vArANasI, 1976 (pR. 94). 11. niruktam / (dvitIyo bhAgaH) gurumaNDala granthamAlA-10, saM. manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1952, (pR. 124). (durgasya RjvAkhyaTIkayA sahitam) /

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[45] " dhana kI kAmanAvAle logoM ke dvArA vaha (dhana) le jAyA jAtA hai / " yahA~ para durgane 'artha' zabda kA kevala 'dhana' artha hI liyA hai / parantu skanda - mahezvarane likhA hai ki yastAvat zabdasyArthaH, sa tasmAd gamyate / yo hiraNyAdiH so'pyanAdinA vyavahAreNAnyasmAt puruSAd anyaM gacchati / '2 arthAt - jo zabda kA artha (Word meaning) hai, vaha zabda (= dhvanizreNI) se nikalatA hai (= bAhara jAtA hai zrotA ko prApta hotA hai) isI lie zabdArtha ko 'artha' kahate haiM / aura jo suvarNAdi rUpa artha (= dhana) hai, vaha bhI anAdikAla se eka AdamI ke pAsa se dUsare AdamI ke pAsa jAtA hai, isI lie usako bhI 'artha' kahate haiM / = uparyukta dUsare nirvacana ko vizada karate hue durgane likhA hai ki - araNastho vA / yadAsya svAmI arati gacchati ito lokAd amuM lokaM, tadAyam iha eva tiSThati, na anena eva saha amuM lokaM gacchati, dInArAdiH arthaH; tatsAmAnyAd itaro'pi zabdArtho'rtha ucyate // arthAt dhana kA jo svAmI hotA hai usake uparata ho jAne ke bAda bhI, jo (dhana) isa loka se usa (svarga) loka meM nahIM jAtA hai, kintu yahIM para raha jAtA hai isI ko "artha" kahate haiM / jaisA ki 'dInAra' nAmaka jo dhana ( ke sikke) haiM, unheM 'artha' kahate haiM / aura isI ke sAmya para zabdArtha ko bhI 'artha' kahate haiM (kyoMki vaktA ke dvArA uccarita kI gaI dhvanizreNI kA nAza ho jAne ke bAda bhI, zrotA ke mana meM jo raha jAtA hai vaha 'artha' hai / ) yahA~ para ' araNastho vA' jaise nirvacana kA artha araNe gamane kRte'pi yaH tiSThati, saH arthaH / aisA kiyA gayA hai / 13 / - uparyukta donoM hI nirvacanoM para vicAra karane para tAtparyArtha nikalatA hai (1) vaikharI vANI se uccarita jo zabda hai (arthAt jo dhvanizreNI hai) usameM se artha nikalatA hai; aura (2) vaha (artha) zrotA ke mana meM sthira rahatA hai / parantu yaha donoM hI nirvacana aura unake phalitArtha to yahI batAte haiM ki 'nirukta' vedAGga meM 'artha' kA svarUpa kevala zrotRpakSa ko 12. niruktam (skandasvAmin -- mahezvara), (a0 1-6) saM. lakSmaNa sarUpa, prakA. maheracaMda lachamanadAsa, dillI, 1982. 13. skanda-mahezvara ne bhI durgAcArya jaisA hI vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| :- araNaM gamanaM (= tirodhAnaM ) zabdasya tAvad uccaritasya tirodhAnaM, tasmin arthastiSThati, na zabdena saha tirodhIyate / itaratrApi gamanam araNaM svAminaH tasmin hiraNyAdiH arthaH tiSThati / na svAminA saha gacchati / (pR. 110) --

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[46] dhyAna meM rakhakara hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / jaba ki pANini ne vaktRpakSa ko puraskRta karake 'arthatattva' ke vibhinna svarUpoM (= arthavidhAoM) ko prastuta kiyA hai / aba AnevAle pRSThoM meM usIkI carcA kI jAyegI / / 2.1.2 dvividha dRSTi se artha svarUpa kI vicAraNA : isa vyAkhyAna ke Arambha meM, (1.1 meM,) kahA gayA hai ki pANini ne apanA jo 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa likhA hai, vaha varNanAtmaka (Descriptive) prakAra kA bhI hai aura zabdaniSpAdakatantra svarUpa kA (Generative grammar) bhI hai / ataH ina donoM dRSTioM se pANini ke mata meM vividha sandarbho meM 'artha' kA svarUpa kaisA hai ? yaha vivecanIya hogA / 2.2 'zabdaniSpAdaka-tantra' meM artha kA svarUpa : __ * jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai pANini ne apane zabdaniSpAdaka-tantra (Generative grammar arthAt Word-producing machine) meM 'artha' ko Arambhabindu meM hI in put ke rUpa meM rakhA hai / yadyapi yaha bAta bahuta acchI taraha se DaoN. johAnIsa bronkhorTa ne kahI hai / 4 parantu unhoMne yaha nahIM kahA ki pANini kA tantra saMyojanAtmaka paddhati se zabdaniSpAdaka tantra ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai, isI lie 'artha' ko Arambha meM rakhanA Avazyaka bana gayA hai / evameva unhoMne yaha bhI nahIM kahA hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa meM vibhinna prakAra ke arthoM ko dhyAna meM liyA gayA hai; aura una sabhI prakAra ke arthapradarzana ke dvArA pANini ne kisa prakAra ke vividha kArya sampanna kiye haiM / tantra ke Arambhabindu para hI rakhe gaye ye 'artha' prAyaH 'vyAkaraNika artha' haiM aura kucha 'viziSTayartha' bhI haiM / ina donoM meM se 'vyAkaraNika artha' ke do pramukha bheda dikhAI par3ate haiM:- (1) vAkyagata artha evaM (2) padagata artha / 2.2.1 vyAkaraNika-artha : 2.2.1 (1) vAkyagata artha : Adhunika kAla meM DaoN. zivarAma dattAtreya jozI (pUNe) ityAdi mUrdhanya vaiyAkaraNoM ne yaha sAdhAra siddha kiyA hai ki pANini ne padasaMskAra pakSa kA nahIM; parantu vAkyasaMskAra-pakSa kA 14. Johannes Bronkhorst : The role of meaning in Panini's grammar, Published in Indian Linguistics; (Vol. 40), 1979, pp.146-157.

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[47] hI vyAkaraNa likhA hai 115 ataH yaha dekhanA hogA ki pANini ne 'vAkyagata artha' kA nirdeza kisa taraha se aura kahA~ kahA~ para kiyA hai ? (1) bhASA meM prayukta honevAle vAkya trividha hote haiM: (ka) kartarivAcya, (kha) karmaNivAcya, evaM (ga) bhAvavAcya / vAkya meM anivArya rUpa se AnevAle kriyApada kI dhAtu yadi sakarmaka hotI hai, to usameM se kartariprayoga athavA karmaNiprayogavAlA vAkya bana sakatA hai aura yadi kriyAvAcaka dhAtu akarmaka hotI hai, to usameM se kartarivAcya athavA bhAvavAcya ho sakatA hai / ina donoM avasthAoM meM (= dhAtu cAhe sakarmaka ho yA akarmaka ho) eka kartari-prayoga ubhaya sAdhAraNa hai / ataH sambhava hai ki koI bhI vaiyAkaraNa apane vyAkaraNatantra meM sabase pahale kartariprayogavAlI vAkyaracanA mUla meM 'nIMva kI IMTa' ke rUpa meM rakhegA aura bAda meM rUpAntaraNa (Transformational grammar) ke niyama de kara, anya do prakAra kI vAkyaracanAyeM niSpAdita karake dikhAyegA, parantu pANini ne aisA nahIM kiyA hai / cUMki vaktA ke mana meM aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki vaha pahale kartari prayoga karane kI soce aura bAda meM paristhiti vazAt usI vAkya ko anya prakAra meM badala kara bole ! pANini ke tantra meM bhI, jaisA ki vaktA ke mana meM hotA hai, vAkyaniSpatti kI prakriyA ke Arambha meM hI la: karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / pA. sU. 3-4-69 sUtra se vaktA kI vivakSA pUchI/jAnI jAtI hai ki dhAtu ke bAda rakhe gaye l kAra se kartRkAraka vAcya vivakSita hai yA karmakAraka (yA bhAva) vivakSita vAcya hai / arthAt pANini ne apane zabdaniSpAdaka tantra meM Arambha se hI, kartari vAkya racanA kI taraha, karmaNi vAkyaracanA bhI mUla racanA ke rUpa meM utpanna ho sakatI hai/hotI hai isa taraha kI gatividhi batAI hai| yahA~ para sAtha meM yaha bhI avagata karanA hai ki pANini ne la: karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / 3-4-69 sUtra se 'vAkyagata artha' kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 16 15. Vyakarana Mahabhasya - Vibhaktyahnika Ed. & Trans. by S. D. Joshi & ___J. A. F. Roodbergen, University of Poona, Pune, 1980 (Introduction, p. i, vi to XV.) 16. yahA~ smartavya hai ki naiyAyikoM ke mata meM - "prathamAntArthamukhyavizeSyaka zAbdabodhaH" hotA hai| jisake pariNAma svarUpa 'caitraH hariM bhajati / ' vAkya kA "harikarmakaprItyanukUlakRtimAna caitraH / " aisA zAbdabodha hotA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki 'laH karmaNi ca bhAve cAkarmakebhyaH / (3-4-69)' sUtravihita l kAra kA kartR-karmAdi anyatamArtha pUre vAkya kA hI artha kahA jAtA hai / (naiyAyiko ke anusAra bhI, koI bhI l kAra kartR/karmAdi artha meM prayukta hotA hai / )

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[48] (2) dUsarA udAharaNa - vartamAnasAmIpye vartamAnavad vA / pA. sU. 3-3-131. "vartamAnakAla jisake samIpa meM hai aise bhUta evaM bhaviSyat kAla meM pravartamAna dhAtu meM vartamAna kAla jaise hI pratyaya vikalpa se hote haiM / " yathA-kadA devadatta Agato'si / "devadatta ! tU kaba AyA ?" isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA jAtA hai ki - ayam AgacchAmi / Agacchantameva mAM viddhi / "basa, maiM A hI rahA hu~ / " athavA - kadA devadatta gamiSyasi ? devadatta, tU kaba jAyegA ? isake uttara meM kahA jAtA hai - eSa gacchAmi / "maiM jA hI rahA huuN|" isa sUtra kI 'kAzikAvRtti' meM likhA hai ki - yo manyate - "gacchAmIti padaM vartamAne kAla eva vartate, kAlAntaragatistu vAkyAd bhavati / na ca vAkyagamyaH kAlaH padasaMskAravelAyAm upayujyate" iti / tAdRzaM vAkyArthapratipattAraM prati prakaraNamidaM nArabhyate // 17 isakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai :- 'AgacchAmi' aisA pada (kevala) 'vartamAnakAla' artha meM hI pravRtta hotA hai / lekina yadi sandarbhavazAt jo (bhUta-bhaviSyad Adi rUpa) kAlAntara kI avagati hotI hai, vaha to vAkya kA hI artha hotA hai / [ataH, aise bhUta-bhaviSyadAdi rUpa vizeSArtha yadi vAkya meM se nikalatA hai to prastuta sUtra kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai / ] arthAt vAkya se prApta honevAlA (bhUta-bhaviSyadAdi) 'kAla' rUpa artha padasaMskArapakSa meM kabhI bhI upayukta nahIM hotA hai (jur3atA nahIM hai / ) - isa taraha kI jinakI vicAradhArA hai (arthAt yaha bhUta-bhaviSyadAdi rUpa vizeSa kAla kI pratIti ko jo 'vAkya' kA artha samajhate hai), una logoM ke lie isa prakaraNa (3-3-131 se 138 sUtroM) kI prastuti nahIM kAzikAkAra kI uparyukta carcA kA vizada artha isa prakAra hai :- jo loga aisA mAnate hai ki pANinIya vyAkaraNa padasaMskAra-pakSa ko hI prastuta karatA hai (aura bhUta-bhaviSyad rUpa vizeSArtha to 'vAkya' kA artha banatA hai) ina ke lie 3-3-131 ityAdi ATha sUtroM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / kyoMki pANini ne yadi padasaMskArapakSa hI prastuta kiyA ho to vartamAne laT / 3-2-123 sUtra se pahale hI, vartamAnakAla kA rUpa bana jAyegA, aura bAda meM, usI vartamAnakAlika 'AgacchAmi' pada kA vAkya meM praveza hone ke bAda "samIpa kA bhUta" yA "samIpa kA bhaviSya" rUpa artha to sandarbhavazAt (vAkyArtha ke rUpa meM) prApta 17. kAzikAvRttiH (tRtIyo bhAgaH), saM. dvArikAdAsaH zAstrI, kAlikAprasAdaH zuklazca / tArA pablikezansa, vArANasI, 1966, (pR. 99-100)

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[49] hogA / ataH 'samIpa kA bhUta' yA 'samIpa kA bhaviSya' rUpa vAkyArtha kA vidhAna karane ke lie 3-3-131 jaise sUtroM kI racanA karanI Avazyaka nahIM hai / / parantu jo loga aisA mAnate haiM ki pANini ne (siddhAntarUpa se) vAkyasaMskAra pakSa hI prastuta kiyA hai, unake mata se to 'vartamAnasAmIpye vartamAnavadvA / '3-3-131 ityAdi sUtroM ke dvArA, vAkyaniSpatti kI prakriyA ke Arambha meM hI 'samIpa kA bhUta' evaM 'samIpa kA bhaviSyad' rUpa vAkyArtha kA (in-put ke rUpa meM) vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / aura isa dRSTi se, 33-131 ityAdi sUtra anAvazyaka nahIM, balki Avazyaka hI hai // (3) vAkyagata artha kA vidhAna karanevAle anya sUtra bhI batAe jA sakate haiM :- liGnimitte luG kriyAtipattau / 3-3-139, kriyAsamabhihAre loT / 3-4-2, kAmapravedane kacciditi / 3-3-153 evaM AbhIkSNye Namula ca / 3-4-22 ityAdi / ___pAyaM pAyaM vrajati / (athavA pItvA pItvA vrajati / ) jaise udAharaNa meM pUrvakAlika kriyA rUpa artha kA vidhAna karane ke lie / ktvA/ pratyaya batAyA gayA hai / parantu usI vAkya meM yadi 'AbhIkSNya' rUpa vizeSArtha jor3anA cAhate hoM to /-Namul/ pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / ataH AbhIkSNye Namul ca / 3-4-22 sUtra meM AyA huA saptamyanta pada vAkyagata artha kA vidhAna karane ke lie prayukta huA hai / 2.2.1 (2) padagata artha : pANini ne vAkya meM do taraha ke padoM (subanta evaM tiGanta) kA svIkAra kiyA hai / subanta pada meM se liGga, vacana (saMkhyA) aura kArakAdi rUpa artha prApta hote haiM, aura tiGanta pada meM se vyApAra, kAla, puruSa aura vacanAdi rUpa artha prApta hote haiM / aise liGga, vacana, kAla Adi rUpa artha ko hama 'vyAkaraNika artha' (Grammatical-meaning) kaha sakate haiM / pANini ne isa prakAra ke 'artha' ko bhI, padasiddhi kI Arambhika avasthA meM hI in-put ke rUpa meM, prastuta kiyA hai| udAharaNa-svarUpa katipaya sUtra dekheM to dvyekayodvivacanaikavacane / 1-4-22, bahuSu bahuvacanam / 1-4-21, karmaNi dvitIyA / 2-3-2, apAdAne paJcamI / 2-3-28, vartamAne laT / 3-2-123, parokSe liT / 3-2-115 ityAdi / kabhI kabhI uparyukta vyAkaraNika arthoM se bhinna/vizeSa artha bhI rUpasAdhanikA ke Arambhabindu para in put ke rUpa meM rakhe jAte haiN| jaisA ki - apavarge tRtIyA / 2-3-6, hetau / 2-3-23, kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge

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( dvitIyA ) / 2-3-5 // dhAtoH karmaNaH samAnakartRkAd icchAyAM vA (san) / 3-1-7 ina sUtroM meM Aye hue sabhI saptamyanta pada vaiSayika saptamIvAle haiM; aura pANini ne arthanirdeza karane ke lie hI unako rakhA hai / vA tiGanta pada kI siddhi meM laDAdi pratyayoM ke pUrva meM jo dhAturUpA prakRti rahatI hai, usako kriyAvAcikA mAnI gaI hai / bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH / 1-3 - 1 sUtra para vRttikAra kahate haiM kriyAvAcI bhU ityAdi kI dhAtusaMjJA hotI hai / parantu kisa dhAtu kA kyA artha hai; arthAt amuka dhAtu jisa artha ko vyakta karatI hai usakA jJAna kahA~ se hotA hai ? aisI jijJAsA hone para, (jaisA ki DaoN. johAnIsa bronkhorsTane batAyA hai) pANini ne apane dhAtupATha meM pratyeka dhAtu kA artha pradarzana kiyA hI hai / udAharaNa bhU sattAyAm / gamlR gatau / DukuJ karaNe / ityAdi / yahA~ para pratyeka arthavAcaka zabda ko bhI pANinine saptamI vibhakti meM rakhA hai / ata: 'bhU sattAyAm' kA artha hogA ki sattA artha meM 'bhU' dhAtu kA prayoga hotA hai / yAneM rUpasAdhanikA ke prathama caraNa meM hI, arthanirdeza purassara hI prakRti + pratyaya kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai / isa taraha pANini ne apane zabdaniSpAdaka tantra meM kauzagata artha evaM vyAkaraNika arthoM ko Arambhabindu para rakhe hai / 2.2.2 viziSTArthoM kA pradarzana : pANini ne zabdaniSpAdaka tantra meM liGga-vacanAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika arthoM ko Arambhabindu para sthApita karane ke sAtha sAtha, bhASAkIya stara para pratibimbita honevAle vaktA ke katipaya mAnasika bhAvoM yA manuSya ke viziSTa svarUpoM kA pravartana ityAdi viziSTa artha bhI bhASAkIya stara para jo pratibimbita hote hai, unakA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke svarUpa meM dekheM to [50] -- - (1) supyajAtau NinistAcchIlye / 3-2-78. " jAti vAcaka na ho aisA koI zabda upapada meM raho aura 'tAcchIlya' artha gamyamAna rahe taba, dhAtuse para meM /- Nini / pratyaya hotA hai / " :- uSNaM bhoktum zIlam asya iti uSNabhojI // uSNa + bhuj + Nini - uSNabhojin // yahA~ para 'tAcchIlya' rUpa artha vyakta karane ke lie /- Nini / pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / koI vyakti lambe samaya se kevala, uSNa bhojana karane kA hI AdI ho, tabhI usako 'uSNabhojI' kahA jAtA hai / parantu anya vyakti kabhI kabhI uSNa bhojana karale aura usakA AdI na ho to vahA~ para 'uSNaM bhuGkte kadAcit / ' aisA hI tiGanta prayoga hotA hai / yahA~ para viziSTArtha ke abhAva meM, rUpabheda ho jAtA hai aisA pANini ne batAyA hai / -

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[51] (2) vAci yamo vrate / 3-2-40 sUtra se kahA hai ki - 'vAc' zabda upapada meM rahe taba / yam dhAtu se khac pratyaya hotA hai, yadi 'vrata' rUpa artha gamyamAna ho / zAstravidhAna ke anusAra koI brAhmaNa vANI kA saMharaNa karake mauna baiThA ho, to usako "vAcaMyama Aste / " aisA kahate haiM / 18 parantu koI anya vyakti azakti yA rugNAvasthA ke kAraNa bola hI nahIM pAtA ho, to vahA~ para karmaNyaNa / 3-2-1 sUtra se / yam dhAtu ko aN pratyaya lagakara vAcaM yacchati iti 'vAgyAmaH' zabda banatA hai / yahA~ 'vrata' rUpa artha meM /-khac/ pratyaya pravRtta hotA hai aura tadbhinna artha meM /-aN/ pratyaya pravRtta hotA hai / (3) gozca purIdhe / 4-3-145 sUtra se, 'go' zabda meM 'purISa' abhidheya hone para /-mayaT/ pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / jaise - go: purISam iti 'gomayam' (gobara) / yahA~ para 'gAya kA vikAra' yA 'gAya kA avayava' aisA artha abhISTa hotA hai taba mayaT pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai / parantu vahA~ para gopayasoryat / 4-3-160 sUtra se /-yat/ pratyaya laga kara gavyam (payaH) zabda banatA hai / (4) apAdAne parIpsAyAm / 3-4-52 sUtra kahatA hai ki - parIpsA yAne tvarA gamyamAna rahane para, apadAnakAraka vAcaka zabda upapada meM rahate, dhAtu se Namul pratyaya hotA hai / jaise(zayyAyA utthAyam iti) zayyotthAyaM dhAvati / 'zayyA se uThakara sIdhA bhAgatA hai|' jaba tvarA nahIM hotI hai to AdamI zayyA se bAhara nikala kara zarIra zuddhi kA kArya Adi karatA hai, naye vastra pahanatA hai aura bAda meM kahIM bAhara jAtA hai / taba aisI sthiti meM ut + / sthA dhAtu se /-lyap/ pratyaya hokara 'utthAya' rUpa banatA hai / lekina tvarA gamyamAna hotI ho to ut + sthA se Namul - am pratyaya laga kara 'utthAyam' rUpa banatA hai / isa taraha se pANini ne apane zabdaniSpAdaka tantra meM, viziSTa artha meM viziSTa pratyaya kA vidhAna karake arthabheda ke kAraNa rUpabheda ko janmAyA hai / (yahA~ para bhI arthanirdeza karanevAle aMza saptamyanta pada meM rakhe gaye haiM / ) 2.3 'varNanAtmaka prakAra ke vyAkaraNa' meM artha kA svarUpa : . ___ pANini kA 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa eka zabda niSpAdaka tantra ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai aura usameM "varNanAtmaka prakAra" kA vyAkaraNa likhane kA/prastuta karane kA bhI khyAla rakhA 18. yahA~ para vAcaMyama puraMdarau ca / 6-3-69 sUtra se mum bhAva kA nipAtana hotA hai /

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[52] gayA hai / 19 ataH pANini ne sthAna-sthAna para bhASAyAm - chandasi, prAci - udIci, saMjJAyAm, pUjAyAm, kSepe, garhAyAm, AziSi, prahAse ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga karake pUre bhaugolika kSetra, sAmAjika sandarbha evaM bhASAbheda ityAdi kA pariveza dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI saMskRtabhASA kA varNana kiyA hai / isa taraha vyApaka rUpa se bhASA kA varNana karate samaya unhoMne arthavaiziSTya ko hI lakSya meM rakhA hai / vAgvyavahAra meM prayukta honevAlI bhASA meM se vyAkaraNika artha to prApta hote hI haiM, lekina unhIM arthoM ke sAtha jo bhaugolika evaM sAmAjika pariveza rUpa artha anivArya rUpa se jur3e rahate haiM unakI upekSA koI bhI vicakSaNa vaiyAkaraNa nahIM kara sakatA / pANini isa taraha ke arthavaividhya kA parIkSaNa evaM nirUpaNa karanevAle prabuddha vaiyAkaraNa haiM / 2.3.1 artha ke rUpa meM bhaugolika pariveza : pANini ke aneka sUtroM meM 'prAk' evaM 'udak' zabdoM ke dvArA "pUrva bhAga ke pradezoM meM" evaM "uttarabhAga ke pradezo meM" kaise kaise zabdoM kA prayoga hotA hai, isakI pUrI gaveSaNA kI hai aura bhASAprayoga meM jo bhUgola eka artha ke rUpa meM pratibimbita hotA hai usako sUtrabaddha kiyA hai / udAharaNa ke lie - eka prAcAM deze / 1-1-75, udIcAM vRddhAd agotrAt / 4-1-157, janapade lup / 4-2-81 puSkarAdibhyo deze / 5-2-135 ityAdi / ___uttarI pradezo meM 'Amragupta:' kA putra 'AmraguptAyaniH' kahalAtA hai aura pUrvadizA ke pradezoM meM usIko 'AmraguptiH' kahA jAtA hai - aisA udIcAM vRddhAd agotrAt / 4-1-157 sUtra se nirdiSTa kiyA hai / 20 kAzikAkArane isa sandarbha meM eka zloka likhA hai :19. pANini kA vyAkaraNa mUlataH AdezAtmaka (Prescriptive) prakAra kA vyAkaraNa nahIM hai| vaha to kevala varNanAtmaka (Descriptive) prakAra kA hI hai| parantu kAlAntara meM vibhinna granthoM ke TIkAkAroM ne "idam apANinIyam", "idaM pANine numatam"; 'idam asAdhu' ityAdi likha kara pANinisammata rUpa kA durAgraha dikhAyA / ataH pANini ke vyAkaraNa ko bAda meM AdezAtmaka prakAra kA vyAkaraNa mAnA gayA hai / kAzikAvRtti meM pratyeka sUtra kA arthapradarzana karate samaya "bhavati, bhavataH, yA bhavanti' kA prayoga milatA hai / lekina bAda meM bhaTToji dIkSitane siddhAntakaumudI meM pratyeka sUtra kA artha batAte samaya - syAt - syAtAm - syuH (aisA honA cAhie/kiyA jAya) kA prayoga kiyA hai - vaha dhyAtavya hai / 20. (sUtrArthaH) - vRddhaM yacchabdarUpamagotram, tasmAdapatye phiJ pratyayo bhavatyudIcAmAcAryANAM matena 4-1-157 ityatra kAzikAvRttiH //

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[53] prAgudaJcau vibhajate haMsaH kSIrodake yathA / viduSAM zabdasiddhyarthaM sA naH pAtu zarAvatI // ( 1 - 1 - 75 ityatra kAzikAvRttiH ) arthAt "vidvAnoM ke lie zabdasiddhi karane kA jaba prasaGga uThatA hai taba jisa taraha se haMsa nIra-kSIra kA viveka kara dikhAtA hai, vaise hI zarAvatI nadI bhI pUrva ke dezoM kA aura uttarI dezoM ke bhASAbheda ko alaga karane dikhAtI hai / aisI zarAvatI nadI hamArA ( vaiyAkaraNoM kA) rakSaNa kare / " isako spaSTa karate hue haradattane likhA hai ki zarAvatI nAmaka nadI uttarapUrvAbhimukha bahatI hai / usake dakSiNa-pUrva kA jo pradeza hai, use 'prAgdeza' kahate haiM aura uttarapazcima ke pradeza ko 'udagdeza' kahate haiM / 21 isa taraha zabdasiddha ke prasaGga meM, pANinine jo jo bhaugolika maryAdAyeM artha ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI haiM unakA bhI sahI sahI varNana kiyA hai / isI taraha kA eka dUsarA udAharaNa dekhie pANini ne taddhita pratyayoM kA vidhAna karate samaya kahA hai udak ca vipAzaH / 4 - 2 - 74. " vipAz nadI ke uttarI taTa para jo kUpa haiM unhIM kA yadi taddhita pratyaya se nAmAbhidhAna karanA ho to aJ (Jit ) pratyaya lagAyA jAtA hai / " dattena nirvRtaH kUpa: (dattane banAyA huA kUpa) saH dAttaM (kUpaH) / kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ para aJ (Jit) pratyaya lagane se, nityAdirnityam / 6-1-197 sUtra se jidanta evaM nidanta zabdoM ko AdyudAtta svara se bolA jAtA hai / kintu isakA phalitArtha yaha hotA hai ki sUtrakAra kI dRSTi se vipAz nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para sthita kUpoM ke lie jaba taddhitAnta zabda banAyA jAtA hai, taba kUpa ko ( aJ pratyaya lagatA nahIM hai;) aN pratyaya hI lagatA hai / jisase 'dattena nirvRtaH iti dAttaH (kUpaH ) aisA AdyudAtta ( 3-1-3) zabda banatA hai / bolA jAtA hai / isI taraha se, eka nadI ke uttarI taTa para amuka zabda kisa svara ke sAtha bolA jAtA hai, aura vahI zabda usI nadI ke dakSiNI taTa para vibhinna svara se bolA jAtA hai / pANini ne bar3I sUkSmekSikA se bhASA kA jo sarvekSaNa kiyA hai; usameM zabdoccAraNa ke svarabheda meM jo bhaugolika sthiti bhI eka artha ke rUpa meM hI pratibimbita hotI hai vaha hamAre lie dhyAnAspada hai / - -- - 21. zarAvatI nAma nadI uttarapUrvAbhimukhI, tasyA dakSiNapUrvasyAM dizi vyavasthito dezaH prAgdezaH, uttaraparasyAm udagdezaH / tau zarAvatI vibhajate / tathA maryAdayA tayorvibhAgo jJAyate // (kAzikA - padamaJjarI, pR. 259-60 prathamo bhAgaH )

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[54] 2.3.2 artha ke rUpa meM sAmAjika paristhiti : pANini ne Apane varNanAtmaka prakAra ke vyAkaraNa meM manuSyajIvana ko vyApaka rUpa se sthAna diyA hai / kisI bhI bhASAkIya abhivyakti meM manuSya kA vyaktigata evaM sAmAjika jIvana pratibimbita hone hI vAlA hai / jaise hAsa-upahAsa, stuti-nindA, zApa-AzIrvAda, vyApArakrIr3A, jAti-gotra, zikSaNa-dharma, Azrama-vivAha, strI-veSabhUSA, khAnapAna-yAna Asana, vizeSasaMjJAityAdi / bhASAkIya abhivyakti meM (1) sthUla dravyAdi evaM kriyA rUpa rUDhi prApta kozagata artha; (2) aura liGga, vacana, kAlAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika artha se Age baDhakara, (3) uparyukta sAmAjika sandarbha bhI eka artha ke rUpa meM sthAna prApta karate haiM / inameM se katipaya ke udAharaNa hama yahA~ dekheMge - - (1) khaTvA kSepe / 2-1-26 sUtra se kahA gayA hai ki - khaTvAprakRtika dvitIyAnta zabda kA ktAntaprakRtika subanta ke sAtha samAsa hotA hai, yadi nindA kA bhAva batAnA ho to / yathA - khaTvArUDho jAlmaH / (yaha nityasamAsa hotA hai| lekina jaba vAstava kathana karanA ho, to "ayaM puruSaH khaTvAm ArUDhaH / " aisA vigRhIta vAkya hI prayukta kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ para pANini ne khaTvA kSepe / 2-1-26 sUtra meM "kSepe" jaisA saptamyanta pada rakhakara 'nindA' rUpa artha, jo samAjajIvana meM kabhI kabhI vyakta kiyA jAtA hai usakA pradarzana kiyA hai| isI taraha se, suH pUjAyAm / 1-4-94 sUtra se kahA hai ki - 'pUjA' artha vyakta karane vAle 'su' zabda kI karmapravacanIya saMjJA hotI hai / udAharaNa - su siktaM bhavatA / su stutaM bhavatA / "Apane to bahu acchI taraha se siMcana kiyA hai, acchI taraha se stuti kI hai / " parantu yadi AkSepa karanA hai to 'su' zabda kI upasarga saMjJA hotI hai / jisake pariNAma svarUpa Satva vidhi hotI hai / yathA suSiktaM kiM tavAtra ?! "kyA yaha tUne acchI taraha se siMcana kiyA lagatA hai ?" yAne tUne acchI taraha se siMcana nahIM kiyA hai // pANini apane aneka sUtroM meM Akroze, zapathe, kSepe, garhAyAm, pUjAyAm, prazaMsAyAm jaise saptamyanta pada rakhakara manuSyoM ke mana meM rahe vibhinna bhAvoM ko bhASAkIya stara para artha ke rUpa meM kisa taraha se prakaTa kiye jAte hai usakA vizada evaM vistRta varNana karate hai / prophe. sarojA bhATe (pUNe)ne bhI apane Vyanjana as reflected in the formal structure of Language - vAle lekha meM likhA hai ki - In his Astadhyayi, he showed in at least two hundred rules that a number of emotive and attitudinal meanings were relevant to the form of language.

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[55] His treatment of a large number of word formations that are linked with the dhavani indicates that the emotive and attitudinal meanings can be formalized at least to a certain extent.22 : 2.3.2 (1) saMskRta bhASA meM 'bhAryA' ke lie aneka paryAyavAcI zabda pracalita hai / jaise ki kAntA, ramA, jAyA, patnI, kalatram, dArAH, gRhiNI, kuTumbinI, zrImatI ityAdi / kintu vyavahAra kAla meM kisa sandarbha meM kauna sA zabda cUnA jAya ? yaha prazna rahatA hai / sAMskRtika pariveza meM kyA Apa vaivAhika sambandha batAnA cAhate hai, yA dharmAcaraNavidhi kA sandarbha batAnA cAhate hai ? aise arthoM kA pradarzana karate hue pANinine likhA hai patyurno yajJasaMyoge / 4-1-33 " yajJa ke sAtha sambandha rakhanevAlI bhAryA" rUpa artha prakaTa karane ke lie 'pati' zabda ke antima i kAra ke sthAna meM 'n' kArAdeza hotA hai, (= pal) bAda meM Rnebhyo GIp / 4- 1-5 sUtra se GIp pratyaya lagakara 'patnI' zabda siddha hotA hai / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki 'sahadharmacAriNI' rUpa artha kA prakaTIkaraNa 'patnI' zabda se hI hotA hai / yahA~ (4 - 1 - 33) para pANinine 'yajJasaMyoge' aise saptamyanta pada se eka sAMskRtika artha ko ujAgara kiyA hai / ---- isa taraha se pANini ne nityaM haste pANAvupayamane / 1-4-77 sUtra se kahA hai ki 'upayamana' (= dArakarma) artha meM 'haste' evaM 'pANau' aise do zabda, kRJ dhAtu (sAdhita rUpa) para meM rahate, gatisaMjJaka hote hai / yathA pANaukRtya / hastekRtya / rAmaH sItAM hastekRtya mithilAtaH ayodhyAM gacchati / jisakA artha 'rAma sItA ke sAtha vivAha sambandha se jur3akara, sItA ko apanI patnI banA kara mithilA se ayodhyA jAte hai / lekina jaba 'upayamana' rUpa artha vyakta karanA abhISTa nahIM hai, yathA 'devadattaH kArSApaNaM haste kRtvA gataH / ' taba 'haste' zabda kI gatisaMjJA nahIM hotI hai, aura pariNAma svarUpa 'kRtvA' ke sthAna para, 'kRtya' aisA lyabanta rUpa nahIM hotA hai | yahA~ para 'upayamane' aise saptamyanta pada 'dArakarma' rUpa artha kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / - 22. draSTavyaH PANINIYAN STUDIES (Prof. S. D. Joshi Felicitation Volume); Ed. by M. M. Deshpande and Saroja Bhate, Pub. Center for South & Southest Asian Studies, University of Michigan, USA, (No. 37), 1991 (pp. 55-64).

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[56] 2.3.2 (2) sAmAjika jIvana meM to vyApAra, zikSaNa, krIr3A, viziSTa saMjJA ityAdi kA bhI samAveza hotA hai / bhASA meM aise aneka zabda hote hai, jisameM aisA sAmAjika jIvana pratibimbita hotA hai aura kisI bhI vaiyAkaraNa ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki zabda kI varNAnupUrvI se hi dhvanita honevAle aise samAjajIvana ko vaha udghATita kare / udAharaNa rUpa se (1) krayyastadarthe / 6-1-82 sUtra ke 'krayyam' zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha "kretAraH krINIyuriti buddhayA ApaNe prasAritaM krayyam / " hotA hai / jo cIja vastue~ becane ke lie taiyAra rakhI hai usIko 'krayya' kahate hai / parantu bhaviSya meM becane yogya (godAma meM rakhI huI jo) hotI hai usIko 'keyam' kahate hai / (2) saMjJAyAm / 3-3-109 sUtra ke dvArA kisI bhI dhAtu se Nvul pratyaya hotA hai, yadi kisI kI 'saMjJA' batAnI ho to / yathA - uddAlakapuSpabhaJjikA / isI ke sAtha sambaddha dUsarA sUtra 'nityaM krIDAjIvikayoH / 2-2 - 17 hai / krIDA evaM AjIvikA rUpa artha vyakta karane ke lie nitya SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai: uddAlakasya puSpANi, bhajyante yasyAM krIDAyAM, (sA krIDA) "uddAlakapuSpabhaJjikA" yaha eka krIr3A kI saMjJA hai / yahA~ para Nvul pratyaya evaM nitya samAsa se yaha " krIDA kI saMjJA " rUpa artha prakaTa hotA hai / saMjJA se bhinna artha meM kevala vigRhIta vAkya hI banatA hai / " uddAlakasya puSpANAM bhaJjikA" (kApi kanyA) / 4 - (3) zaikSaNika sandarbhoM ke lie bhI pANinine aneka sUtroM kA praNayana kiyA hai / yathA varNAd brahmacAriNi 5-2- 134 sUtra kahatA hai ki 'brahmacArI' (vidyArthI) artha meM 'varNa' zabda ko ini pratyaya lagatA hai / yathA varNa + ini varNI / jo vidyAgrahaNa ke lie niyamAcaraNa rUpa brahma kA sevana nahIM karatA hai, kevala janma se ucca varNa meM utpanna huA haiM (yathA - brAhmaNAdi tIna varNavAlA vyakti) vaha 'varNavAn' kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ para / - matup pratyaya hI hotA hai / = isI taraha se caraNe brahmacAriNi 6-3-86 sUtra kahatA hai ki veda kI eka hI zAkhA yA caraNa kA adhyayana karanevAle chAtra, paraspara meM 'sabrahmacArI' kahalAte hai / yahA~ para 'brahmacArin' zabda uttarapada meM rahate hue 'samAna' zabda ko 'sa' Adeza hotA hai, yadi 'caraNa' rUpa artha gamyamAna rahe to 123 AkhyAtopayoge / 1-4-29 sUtra bhI isI prakAra kA hai / 23. caraNe gamyamAne brahmacAriNyuttarapade samAnasya sa ityayamAdezo bhavati / samAno brahmacArI sabrahmacArI | brahma vedaH, tadadhyayanArthaM yad vrataM tadapi brahma, taccarati iti brahmacArI, samAnastasyaiva brahmaNaH samAnatvAdityayamartho bhavati samAne brahmaNi vratacArI sabrahmacArIti / 6-3-86 ityatra kAzikAvRttiH //

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[57] 2.3.3 viziSTa sambhASaNa sandarbha ke rUpa meM artha kA nirdeza : pANini ne apane 'varNanAtmaka prakAra' ke vyAkaraNa meM, pUre sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika sandarbho kI, eka artha ke rUpa meM jo bhASAkIya stara para abhivyakti milatI hai usakA bArikI se varNana kiyA hai / usI taraha manuSya ke dainaMdina vyavahAra meM jo bAtacIta hotI hai aura usameM jo saMbhASaNa sandarbha' hote hai una ko bhI eka artha ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote hue dekhe hai / ataH aise arthoM ko bhI sUtrabaddha karane kI AvazyakatA thI / udAharaNa - (1) pANini ne vAkyasaMghaTanA kA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai ki - "tad', "etad', 'idam', 'yad' ityAdi sarvanAma se vAcya saMsAra kI koI bhI jar3a-cetana vyakti, 'yuSmad' vAcya zrotA evaM 'asmad' vAcya vaktA ke lie kramazaH prathama-puruSa, madhyama-puruSa evaM uttamapuruSa saMjJaka tiG pratyayoM se bane hue kriyApadoM kA prayoga hotA hai / kintu vyavahAra kAla meM saMbhASaNa karate hue jaba hAsa-parihAsa karane kA prasaGga ho taba, pANini 'prahAse ca manyopapade manyateruttama ekavacca' / 1-4-106 sUtra se kahate hai ki / man dhAtu hai upapada meM jisake, aise anya kriyAvAcaka dhAtu ko madhyama puruSa saMjJaka pratyaya lagate hai; aura / man dhAtu ko uttama puruSa saMjJaka ho aise "iG-vahi-mahiG' tIna pratyayoM me se jo ekavacana kA pratyaya hotA hai, vaha lagatA hai / yathA - tvaM (yuvAM athavA yUyam) manye, ahaM rathena yAsyasi / "tUMne to mAnA hogA ki maiM ratha meM baiThakara prayANa karU~gA, (kintu vaha ratha to bhagna ho gayA hai !)" yahA~ para uddezya evaM kriyApada kI saGgati (Agreement) nahIM hotI hai| jaise ki - 'aham' ke sAtha 'yAsyasi' kriyApada kI aura 'tvaM' ke sAtha 'manye' kI visaGgativAlI vAkyaracanA hotI hai - aisA pANini ne nirdeza kiyA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI vAkyaracanAoM meM uddezya evaM tadanurUpa kriyApada meM 'puruSa' kI saGgati arthAt sAmAnAdhikaraNya (Agreement) hotA hai aisA pANini ne yuSmadyupapade samAnAdhikaraNe sthAninyapi madhyamaH / 1-4-103 ityAdi sUtroM se kahA hai / lekina parihAsa ke sandarbha meM kauna sI viparIta saGgati hotI hai usakA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai / anya zabdoM meM kahe to - 'parihAsa' rUpa saMbhASaNa sandarbha bhI eka . vAkyArtha ke rUpa meM uparyukta visaGgati se hI prakaTa hotA hai - aisA pANini ne ullikhita kiyA hai| udAharaNa - (2) heti kSiyAyAm / 8-1-60 sUtra se pANini ne kahA hai ki 'ha' avyaya ke sAtha prayukta jo bhI pahalI tiG vibhakti (= pahalA kriyApada) hotI hai, usako anudAtta svara nahIM hotA hai, yadi "kSiyA" arthAt "dharmAcAra kA bhaGga" rUpa artha vyakta

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[58] karanA ho to / yathA - svayaM ha rathena yAti 3, upAdhyAyaM padAtiM gamayati / koI chAtra svayaM moTarayAna se jAtA hai aura apane guru ko paidala bhejatA hai, to aise dharmavyatikrama ko, AcArabheda ko 'kSiyA' kahate hai| aisI sthiti ko udghATita karane ke lie jo pahalI tiGvibhakti yAti 3 hai vaha sarvAnudAtta nighAta nahIM hotI hai; aura sAtha meM kSiyAzI:preSaiSu tiGkAGkSam / (8-2-104) se usa 'yAti' tiGanta pada meM pluta bhI hotA hai / yahA~ para bhI pANini ne 'kSiyAyAm' jaisA saptamyanta pada rakhakara, eka viziSTa saMbhASaNa sandarbha rUpa artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / udAharaNa - (3) sAmAnya rUpa se loT lakAra vidhyAdi arthoM kA vidhAna karatA hai / parantu pANini tuhyostAtaGDAziSyanyatarasyAm / 7-1-35 sUtra se "AzIrvAda artha meM -tu/ evaM /-hi/ ke sthAna meM (vikalpa se) tAtaG Adeza hotA hai" aisA kahate hai / yathA - "jIvatu bhavAn / jIva tvam / " ke sthAna meM "jIvatAt bhavAn / jIvatAt tvam / " aisA prayoga (bhI) hotA hai / AzIrvAda se bhinna jaba kevala AjJA kA artha hogA, vahA~ 'grAma gacchatu bhavAn / ' hI hogA, yahA~ 'gacchatAt' kadApi nahIM hogA / isa sUtra meM 'AziSi' aisA saptamyanta pada hai / saMbhASaNa sandarbha meM yadi AziS kA bhAva prakaTa karanA abhISTa hotA hai, taba /-taatng| pratyaya hI kAmayAba hotA hai - aisA pANini ne ullikhita kiyA hai / 2.3.4 purAkathAzAstrIya (mAitholojIkala) evaM dArzanika arthoM kA pradarzana : ___pANini ne sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, saMbhASaNasandarbhAdi rUpa vibhinna arthoM kA pradarzana karane ke sAtha sAtha katipaya sthAnoM para eka hI zabda ke sAtha jur3e hue purA kathAzAstrIya evaM dArzanika arthoM kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai| udAharaNa rUpa se - indriyam indraliGgam - indradRSTam - indrasRSTam - indrajuSTam - indradattam iti vA / 5-2-93 isa sUtra se kahA gayA hai ki "indriyam" aisA antodAtta svaravAlA zabda nipAtana se siddha hotA hai; aura vaha zabda 'indrasya liGgam', 'indreNa dRSTam', 'indreNa sRSTam', 'indreNa juSTam', 'indreNa dattam' ityAdi jaise artho meM prayukta hotA hai / vRttikAra yahA~ kahate hai ki itikaraNaH prakArArthaH / sati sambhave vyutpattiranyathApi kartavyA / arthAt 'indreNa durjayam' [AtmA se jo jitanA muzkIla hai, vaha "indriya" hai / ] jaise anullikhita artha meM bhI 'indriya' zabda kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / adhyAtmazAstra meM zarIra, indriya, AtmA ityAdi viSayoM kI carcA prApta hotI hai / veda kI mantrasaMhitAoM meM indra devatA prathamapaMkti ke devatA to hai hI, parantu kutracit usako paramezvara kA, paramAtmA kA vAcaka bhI varNita kiyA gayA hai / indra ke purAkathAzAstrIya adhyayana karane

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[59] se mAluma hotA hai ki indra mUla meM yuddha ke devatA the, usake bAda vaha vRSTi ke devatA banAye gaye, aura antatogatvA vaha paramAtmA svarUpa se bhI varNita kiye gaye haiM / ataH zarIra meM sthita caitanya svarUpa AtmA ko bhI 'indra' kahA gayA hai / dUsarI aura 'liGga' zabda kA artha hotA hai:- lInam artham gamayati iti liGgam / lIna artha ko jo batAtA hai vaha 'liGga' hai / arthAt zarIra meM chIpe hue AtmA kA astitva indriya se anumita hotA hai / ataH 'indriyam' zabda kA prathama artha hotA hai:- indrasya liGgam / kAzikAkAra kahate hai ki - "indraH AtmA / sa cakSurAdinA karaNena anumIyate; na akartRkaM karaNam asti / 24 cakSu, zrotrAdi 'karaNa' (= sAdhana) kahe jAte hai, aura kartA ke binA karaNa kA honA asambhava hai / karaNa se (indriya se) kartA kA (AtmA kA) anumAna hotA hai / ataH jo indra kI (arthAt AtmAkI) liGga hotI hai, vaha 'indriya' kahalAtI hai / yahA~ para 'indra' zabda ko, 'indrasya liGgam' isa artha ko prakaTa karane ke lie, /-ghac/pratyaya jur3atA hai, jisa se 'indriyam' zabda siddha ho sakatA hai / indra + pac - jhya = 'indriyam' / 'nirukta' ke dazama adhyAya meM 'indra' zabda ke jo vibhinna nirvacana diye gaye hai, vaha indra ko prAdhAnyena vRSTi ke devatA ke rUpa meM hI varNita karate hai / 25 parantu pANini pUrvokta sUtra (5-2-93) meM uttaravartI kAla meM vikasita dArzanika arthavAle 'indra' zabda ko lekara, ghac pratyaya kA vidhAna karate hai, aura 'indriya' zabda kI siddhi batAte hai / pANini ne indra kA vRSTi devatArUpa vyaktitva, jo ki vedokta mAitholojIkala vyaktitva hai, usakA nirdeza pUrvokta sUtra meM nahIM kiyA hai / parantu taduttaravartI kAla kA dArzanika svarUpa dhyAna meM lete hue indraliGgam, indrasRSTam ityAdi kahA hai / yadyapi isa sandarbha meM, eka vizeSa spaSTatA yaha bhI karanI hogI ki - 'indra' zabda kA dArzanika svarUpa ullikhita karane vAle pANini ne indra ke vedokta evaM paurANika purAkathAzAstrIya vyaktitvoM ko bhI eka anya sUtra meM nirdiSTa kiye hai :- brahmabhrUNavRtreSu kvim / 3-2-87 sUtra se kahA hai ki - 'brahma', 'bhrUNa' evaM 'vRtra' zabda upapada meM rahe taba / han 24. draSTavyAH kAzikAvRttiH (caturtho bhAgaH), pR. 201. 25. indra irAM dRNAti iti, verAM dadAtIti..... (niruktam-10) atra durgaH - indraH kasmAt / irAM dRNAti iti vA / irAm annaM vrIhyAdi, dRNAti vidArayati, .....varSakleditamaGkaraM bIjaM bhinatti, tamindrakAritam, so'yam irAdAraH san indraH // - niruktam (caturtho bhAgaH) gurumaNDala granthamAlA, kalakattA, 1953, p. 963. .

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[60] dhAtu ko kvip pratyaya 'bhUtakAla' artha meM lagAyA jAtA hai| jisake pariNAma svarUpa "brahmahA - bhrUNahA - vRtrahA" jaise zabda siddha hote hai / indrane 'vRtra' ko mArA thA / vaha 'vRtra' nirukta-paramparA ke anusAra 'megha' hai, parantu aitihAsikoM kI dRSTi se vaha tvaSTaya kA putra asura thA / pANini ne 3-2-87 sUtra ko, bhUte / 3-2-84 ke adhikAra ke nIce rakhA kara 'vRtra' kA aitihAsika honA svIkArA hai / evameva 'bhrUNahA' zabda se bhI sUcita hotA hai ki diti ke udara meM sthita garbha kA vinAza karane vAlA indra hI yahA~ uddiSTa ho sakatA hai; aura usI garbha ke unapacAsa Tukar3oM meM se utpanna hue marudgaNa bAda meM indra ke sahAyaka bana jAte haiM / isa taraha pANini ne kutracit zabdoM ke purAkathAzAstrIya evaM dArzanika artha bhI dhyAna meM liye haiM / 3.0 'artha' kA kArya : ___pANini ne vAkyaniSpatti ko antima lakSya banAkara, vAkyAntargata subanta evaM tiGantAdi padoM kI siddhi batAI hai / isa prakAra kI padasiddhi ke Arambha bindu para hI, (1) (vyAkaraNika prakAra ke) 'artha' ko [in-put ke rUpa meM] pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / (2) nizcita (rUDha yA kozagata) artha kI vAcikA 'prakRti' evaM nizcita liGga-vacanAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika artha ko prakaTa karanevAle 'pratyaya' ko pahale sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / usake bAda prakRti + pratyaya ke saMyojana kI prakriyA prArambha hotI hai / (3) tRtIya sopAna para, pANini ne sthAnyAdezabhAva kI yukti se mukhya rUpaghaTaka (rUpima) ko AvazyakatAnusAra parivartita karake, usake sthAna para anya uparUpaghaTaka (uparUpita) ko lAyA jAtA hai / (udAharaNa svarUpa - TAGasiGasAm inAtsyAH / 7-1-12, AGo nA'striyAm / 7-3-120 (4) caturtha sopAna para, AvazyakatAnusAra nizcita AgamI ko 'Agama' lagAyA jAtA hai / athavA nirdiSTa kAryin ko koI kArya kahA jAtA hai / (5) paJcama sopAna para, dhvanizAstrAnusAra do dhvani ke sAnnidhya ko madhye najara rakhate hue dhvanivikAra kI sUcanA dI jAtI hai / (6) antatogatvA rUpasAdhanikA pUrNa hotI hai / isa prakAra saMyojanAtmaka prakriyA kA puraskAra karate hue 'aSTAdhyAyI' vyAkaraNa meM jo zabdaniSpAdaka tantra (Word-producing machine) AkArita kiyA gayA hai, usameM 'artha' ko Arambhabindu para hI rakhA gayA hai - yaha eka nirvivAda bAta hai; parantu usake sAtha sAtha yaha bhI kahanA Avazyaka hai ki uparyukta rUpasiddhi kI prakriyA ke daurAna vahI 'artha' ke dvArA kauna kauna se kArya bhI sampanna kiye jAte haiM /

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[61] 3.1 artha ke dvArA saMjJAvidhAna rUpa kArya : aSTAdhyAyI ke kArakapAda (1-4-23 se 54) meM vibhinna kartRkarmAdi kAraka saMjJAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isa prasaGga meM,pANini ne pahale nizcita arthoM ko uddiSTa karake, pratyeka ko nizcita kAraka vizeSa saMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA hai / yathA - sAdhakatamaM karaNam / 1-4-42, karturIpsitatamaM krm|1-4-49 ityAdi / yahA~ para "kriyAsiddhi meM ko sAdhakatama, arthAt prakRSTa upakAraka kAraka ho" use 'karaNa' kAraka kahA jAtA hai / evaM "kartA ko kriyA ke dvArA prApta karane ko jo iSTatama padArtha = kAraka ho" use 'karma'kAraka kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ para 'sAdhakatamaM' evaM "karturIpsitatamaM" yaha artha nirUpaNa hai; usI ke AdhAra para hI karaNa, karmAdi kArakavizeSa saMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / ___ tadanantaram, pANini ne vibhaktipAda (2-3-1 se 2-3-73) ke sUtroM ke dvArA dvitIyAdi vibhaktiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai / isa prasaGga meM, pANinine kArakasaMjJA ko nimitta (yA mAdhyama) banA ke vibhaktividhAna kiyA hai / yathA prathamAdhyAya meM karturIpsitatamaM karma / 1-4-49 sUtra se kArakasaMjJA kA vidhAna karane ke bAda, karmaNi dvitIyA / 2-3-2 sUtra se dvitIyA vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA hai| 3.2 artha ke dvArA vibhaktividhAna rUpa kArya : __ aSTAdhyAyI meM kutracit aisA bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki pANini ne binA koI kArakasaMjJA ko mAdhyama banAye, kucha arthoM meM sIdhA hI vibhaktividhAna kara diyA hai / yathA - apavarge tRtIyA / 2-3-6, tathA kAlAdhvanoratyantasaMyoge (dvitiiyaa)| 2-3-5 ityAdi sUtra kahatA hai ki - apavarga yAne phalaprApti ho gaI hai aisA artha vyakta karanA ho to, kAla vAcaka evaM mArgavAcaka zabda ko tRtIyA vibhakti meM rakhA jAtA hai / yathA - dvAdazavarSeH vyAkaraNam adhItam / (dvAdaza varSoM se vyAkaraNa par3hA hai, aura jJAna ho gayA hai) parantu jaba "(kevala) kriyA kA atyantasaMyoga (hI) rahA hai" (parantu phalaprApti nahIM huI hai !) aisA abhivyakta karanA ho to kAlavAcaka evaM mArgavAcaka zabda ko dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / yathA - dvAdazavarSANi vyAkaraNam adhItam / (dvAdaza varSa paryanta sAtatyapUrvaka vyAkaraNa par3hA hai) isI taraha se - 'devadattaH vedaM mAsam adhIte / ' meM kriyA kA atyantasaMyoga hone para kAlavAcaka zabda ko dvitIyA lagI hai / parantu yahA~ para pANini ne kAlavAcaka yA mArgavAcaka zabda kI pahale karmakAraka saMjJA udghoSita nahIM kI hai / jisake pariNAma svarUpa jaba pUrvokta vAkya kA karmaNivAcya meM

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[62] parivartana karanA hogA taba dvitIyAnta 'mAsam ' pada kA prathamA vibhakti meM parivartana nahIM hogA / (kevala mukhya karmakAraka vAcya 'vedam' padameM parivartana hokara, 'devadattena vedaH mAsam adhIyate' | aisA hI hogA / ) 3.3 rUpasAdhanikA meM dhvaniparivartana karane ke lie vyAkaraNika arthoM kA viniyoga : rUpasAdhanikA kI prakriyA ke daurAna prakRti + pratyaya kA jo kramika saMyojana varNita kiyA gayA hai, usake tRtIya yA paJcama sopAna para liGga vacanAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika arthoM ko ullikhita karake kaI jagaha para dhvaniparivartana udghoSita kiyA gayA hai / yathA (1) tasmAcchaso naH puMsi / 6-1-103 rAma + zas rAma + as, pUrvasavarNa dIrgha rAmAs- aba 'rAma' zabda puMliGga meM hai isalie zas ke 's' kAra ko 'n' kAra hotA hai rAmAn / (2) AGane nA'striyAm / 73 - 20 sUtra se 'hari + TA isa avasthA meM, ghi saMjJaka 'hari' zabda ke pIche Aye hue /- TA/ pratyaya ke sthAna meM / -nA/ Adeza hotA hai, taba hari + nA hariNA / rUpa siddha ho jAtA hai / (3) isI taraha se hrasvo napuMsake prAtipadikasya / 1-2-47 se 'zrIpA' ko 'zrIpa' aisA husvAdeza hotA hai; jisameM napuMsakaliGga rUpa vyAkaraNika artha ko hI dhyAna meM liyA gayA hai / (zriyaM pAti yad Ayudham tad 'zrIpA' zrIm 1) - (4) yahA~ para tvamAvekavacane / 7-2-97 evaM tricaturoH striyAM tisRcatasR / 7-299 ityAdi anyAnya sUtra kI aura bhI dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / 3.4 arthabheda se prerita rUpabheda kI pravRtti : ki pANini ne 'artha' ke dvArA jo vibhinna kArya lie hai unameM se eka kArya aisA bhI hai artha ko puraskRta karake do prakAra ke rUpa ko siddha kiyA hai / sAmAnya rUpa se to do vaikalpika rUpa samAna artha meM hI prayukta hote hai (yathA voto guNavacanAt / 4-1-44 mRduH mRdvI); parantu bhASA meM katipaya sthAna aise bhI hai ki jahA~ arthabheda hone ke kAraNa hI rUpabheda utpanna hotA hai / yathA - puSkarAdibhyo deze / 5-2- 135 puSkarAdigaNa ke zabdoM ko / - ini/ pratyaya lagatA hai, jaba usa ini pratyayAnta zabda se 'deza' rUpa artha abhidheya rahe taba / yathA puSkariNI (nAma kA koI deza ) / kintu jaba deza vAcya na ho taba matup pratyaya hI pravRtta hogA / yathA puSkaravAn hastI / jisa hAthI kI zUNDA meM kamala hai, vaha 'puSkaravAn' kahA jAyegA / -

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[63] evaM (2) nakhamukhAt saMjJAyAm / 4-1-58 'nakha' ' mukha' zabda ko, strIliGga ke viSaya meM DIS pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai, yadi 'saMjJA' rUpa artha vivakSita ho / yathA zUrpaNakhA / kAlamukhA // jahA~ para vAstava kathana kI icchA hogI, vahA~ DIS pratyaya lagegA / yathA tAmranakhI kanyA / candramukhI patnI / 4.0 pANini artha kA 'vidhAna' karate hai ki 'nirdeza' ? : uparyukta carcA se aba yaha jJAta ho gayA hai ki pANini ne 'aSTAdhyAyI' ke aneka sUtroM meM puMsi, striyAm, ekavacane, sambuddhau, vartamAne, kartari-karmaNi, tAcchIlye, prazaMsAyAm, kSepegarhAyAm, pUjAyAm, saMjJAyAm, deze, gotre, kriyAsamabhihAre, prahAse, pratyabhivAde ityAdi vaiSayika saptamyanta padoM se aneka prakAra ke (jaise ki vyAkaraNika artha, bhaugolika, sAmAjika, sAMskRti, purAkathAzAstrIya evaM saMbhASaNa sandarbhAdi rUpa vibhinna prakAra ke) arthoM kA samullekha kiyA hai / isa taraha se ullikhita arthoM ko dekhakara kisI ko prazna ho sakatA hai ki --- isa zAstra meM pANini kyA arthoM kA apUrva vidhAna karate hai ki arthoM kA kevala nirdeza hI karate hai / bhASyakAra pataJjaline bhI samarthaH padavidhiH / 2-1-1 sUtra ke bhASya meM yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki kiM svAbhAvikaM zabdairarthAnAm abhidhAnam, Ahosvid vAcanikam / "zabdoM se jo arthoM kA abhidhAna hotA hai, vaha kyA svAbhAvika hI hai ki vAcanika hai ? ('vAcanika' arthAt pANini ke vacana se (= sUtra se ) AdiSTa hone ke kAraNa prApta honevAlA) / kahane kA tAtparya aisA hai ki pANini ne anekamanyapadArthe, cArthe dvandvaH, apatye, rakte, jaise padoM se kyA arthoM kA apUrvavidhAna kiyA hai, yA vaha kevala arthanirdeza hI hai, aisA mAnA jAya ? nirvRte 4.1 arthoM kA kevala 'nirdeza' kiyA gayA hai / : isa prazna kA uttara dete hue pataJjaline kahA hai ki nahIM kiyA hai / arthoM kA abhidhAna to svAbhAvika hI 29 ityAdi sUtroM se arthoM kA Adeza (apUrvavidhAna) kiyA gayA hai pANini ne arthoM kA apUrvavidhAna hotA hai / cArthe dvandvaH / 2-2aisA jo dikhAI de rahA hai vaha to kevala nimittabhUta hai; nirdeza mAtra hai / vyavahAra dazA meM jaba koI kahatA hai ki - --- - -- - - - -- kUpe hastadakSiNaH panthAH / " kUpa ke dakSiNa bhAga meM rAstA par3atA hai / " to vahA~ para koI apUrva (= naye) mArga kA nirmANa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / rAstA to pahale se hI, vahA~ thA hI / usI taraha se 'cArthe dvandvaH / ' ityAdi sUtroM se kevala itanA hI kahA jAtA hai ki 'ca' avyaya ke itaretarAdi arthoM meM jo samAsa hotA hai, vaha dvandva samAsa kahA jAtA hai / yahA~

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[64] para pANini ke dvArA " 'ca' avyaya ke arthoM meM dvandva-samAsa kiyA jAya" - aisA koI artha kA Adeza (= apUrvavidhAna) nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / 26 saMkSepa meM kahe to pANini arthoM kA Adeza nahIM karate hai, parantu kevala nirdeza hI karate hai / 4.2 arthoM kA 'Adeza' karanA asambhava hai : isa prasaGga meM pataJjaline eka carcA yaha bhI kI hai ki - vyAkaraNatantra meM arthoM kA Adeza (apUrvavidhAna) kyoM nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ? pataJjali kahate hai ki lAghava-siddhi ke lie arthoM kA Adeza nahIM kiyA jAtA / jaisA ki - eka zabda kA (apUrva = nayA) artha batAne ke lie jo dUsare zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAyegA, to bAda meM vahI dUsare zabda kA kyA artha hogA ? vaha batAne ke lie tIsare zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAyegA ! tIsare kA artha batAne ke lie cauthe zabda kA prayoga karanA hogA / isa taraha se to eka bar3I anavasthA kA nirmANa hogA ! kisI bhI zAstra meM aisI anavasthA sahya nahIM hotI hai / 5.0 upasaMhAra : pANinIya vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' kA sthAna, svarUpa evaM kArya viSayaka isa vistRta carcA meM hamane cAra binduoM para vicAraNA karake jo niSkarSa nikAle hai vaha nimnokta hai :(1) sAmAnyataH kisI bhI bhASA meM 'artha' pratyAyya hotA hai aura dhvani, pada evaM vAkya pratyAyaka hote hai / ata: kisI bhI bhASA ke vyAkaraNa meM dhvani, pada evaM vAkya kI nizcita Antarika bunAvaTa kI carcA kI jAtI hai / lekina yahA~ para koI aisA samajha le ki vyAkaraNa meM kevala pratyAyaka dhvani, pada evaM vAkya kA hI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai; aura pratyAyya aisA 'artha' vyAkaraNa kI sImA se bAhara hI rahatA hai / to aisI mAnyatA pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke lie nitAnta asatya hai / kyoMki pANini kA vyAkaraNa pRthakkaraNAtmaka nahIM hai; vaha to saMyojanAtmaka hai / ataH pANinine to 'artha' ko Arambhabindu para hI (in-put ke rUpa meM) sthApita kiyA hai / 26. svabhAvata eteSAM zabdAnAmeteSvartheSvabhiniviSTAnAM nimittatvenAnvAkhyAnaM kriyate / tadyathA - kUpe hastadakSiNaH panthAH, abhre candramasaM pazya 'iti svabhAvatastasya tatrasthasya pathazcandramasazca nimittatvenAnvAkhyAnaM kriyate / evamihApi cArthe yaH sa dvandvaH, anyapadArthe ca sa bahuvrIhiriti / 2-1-1 ityatra mahAbhASyam //

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[65] (2) pANini ne jo jo artha-pradarzana kiyA hai vaha aneka prakAra kA hai / yahA~ para 'artha' kA svarUpa kevala liGga vacanAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika svarUpa kA hI nahIM hai / manuSyajIvana meM manogata bhAvAdi svarUpa viziSTa prakAra kA artha bhI zabda se abhidheya hotA hai / (3) pANini kA vyAkaraNa kevala 'zabdaniSpAdaka tantra' svarUpa kA hI nahIM hai, vaha 'varNanAtmaka prakAra' kA bhI vyAkaraNa hai / ata: usameM bhaugolika pariveza, sAmAjika paristhiti, viziSTa saMbhASaNa sandarbha, purAkathAzAstrIya evaM dArzanika, sAMskRtika sandarbhAdi svarUpa artha bhI ullikhita hue hai| (4) rUpa sAdhanikA ke daurAna ina vibhinna prakAra ke arthoM se pANinine anekavidha kArya sampanna kiye hai / sAmAnyataH artha ko rUpa prakriyA ke Arambha bindu para hI rakhA gayA hai; parantu kutracit rUpaprakriyA ke pUrvokta pA~ca sopAna meM se tRtIya-caturtha sopAna para bhI, artha ko nimitta banAkara kucha dhvanivikArAdi kA kArya sampanna kiye jAte hai / (5) 'vAkyapadIya' jaise upajIvya grantha ke AdhAra para 'vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa( sAra)' evaM 'vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntamaJjUSA' ityAdi grantho kI racanA kI gaI hai / aise grantho meM jo zabdArtha kI vicAraNA prastuta kI gaI hai vaha kevala vyAkaraNika arthoM kA hI vizleSaNa hai / (jaise ki - dhAtvartha-nirNaya, subartha-nirNaya, lakArArtha, tiGartha nirNaya ityAdi) aura ina arthoM meM pArasparika vizeSya-vizeSaNabhAvAdi rUpa sambandha batAkara zAbdabodha kI prakriyA kA vicAra kiyA hai / vahA~ para (bhUSaNa-maJjUSAdi granthoM meM) pANini dvArA carcita sAmAjika, bhaugolika, sAMskRtika, saMbhASaNasandarbhAdi rUpa vibhinna arthoM kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai|

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[66] sambhASaNasandarbha ke puraskartA - vArttikakAra (tRtIya vyAkhyAna) vAkyakAraM vararuciM bhASyakAraM pataJjalim / pANini sUtrakAraJca praNato'smi munitrayam // 0.0 bhUmikA : 0.1 pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke munitraya : yaha to suvidita hI hai ki 'pANinIya vyAkaraNa' meM tIna munioM kI racanAoM kA samAveza hotA hai : (1) pANini kA 'aSTAdhyAyI' nAmaka sUtrapATha, (2) kAtyAyana ke vArtika, aura (3) pataJjali-viracita 'vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya' / pANini dvArA 'aSTAdhyAyI' kI racanA ho jAne ke bAda; saMskRta bhASA ke viSaya meM jo kucha nayA cintana huA aura bhASA meM jo kucha parivartana AyeM usI ke upalakSya meM pANini ke sUtrapATha meM kucha nayeM vArtika jor3ane kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa huI / ata: kAtyAyanane kucha 'vArtika' banAyeM / paramparA ke anusAra kAtyAyana kA eka dUsarA nAma 'vararuci' bhI thA / 'vararuci' yAne (bhASA ke viSaya meM) jisakI ruci utkRSTa hai ! ataH janasamudAya meM saMskRta bhASA kA jo prayoga huA karatA thA, usakI ve bArikI se parIkSA karane vAle the / ataH unakA 'vararuci' aisA nAma yathArtha hI thA / pANini ne apane sUtroM meM jo kucha bhI kahA hai, usakA tAtparyArtha kyA hai ? jo kahA hai isI ko kyA dUsare DhaMga se kahA jA sakatA hai nahIM ?, sUtroM meM kucha kahane kA chuTa gayA hai, avaziSTa rahA hai yA nahIM ? athavA, sUtra meM anavadhAna se kucha ThIka taraha se nahIM kahA gayA hai ? to sUtrakAra ke aise duruktakathana ko nirdoSa banAne ke lie bhI vArtika-vacana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / kAtyAyana ne aise vibhinna dRSTikoNa ko lekara aneka vArtikoM kI racanA kI hai| saMkSepa meM kahanA cAheM to pANini kI 'aSTAdhyAyI' ko zAstrIya dRSTi se sudRr3ha banAne ke lie aura uttaravartI kAla meM bhASAprayoga ke viSaya meM jo parivartana AyA huA thA usI ko vacanabaddha karane lie kAtyAyanane apanI kalama calAI hai / tatpazcAt pataJjali nAmake eka tIsare vaiyAkaraNa Aye, jinhoMne "vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya" kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne pANini ke sUtroM kA arthapradarzana karane ke lie AkSepa-pratiAkSepa aura donoM ke guNadoSa kI carcA karane ke lie eka bar3I rocaka saMvAda zailI kA AzrayaNa

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[67] kiyA hai / aisI carcA ke prasaGga meM unhoMne bIca bIca meM kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai; tathA aise vArtikoM kI AvazyakatA hai ki nahIM ? isake lAbhAlAbha kI bhI carcA sthAna sthAna para kI hai / isa taraha se "pANinIya-vyAkaraNa" kA kalevara sUtra, vArtika evaM bhASya se banA huA paripUrNa huA hai / ataH isa vyAkaraNa ko "trimuni-vyAkaraNam" bhI kahA jAtA hai / 0.2 kAtyAyana Adi aneka vArtikakAra : pANini kI 'aSTAdhyAyI' ko sudRDha evaM nirduSTa banAne ke lie vArtikoM kI pramukha rUpa se racanA karanevAle kAtyAyana hI hai / parantu kevala kAtyAyana ne hI vArtika likheM haiM aisA nahIM hai / pataJjali ne kAtyAyana ke alAvA anya vArtikakAroM kA bhI kahIM kahIM nAmollekha kiyA hai / jaisA ki - (1) bhAradvAjIyAH paThanti - ekadezavikRteSUpasaMkhyAnam / (vArttika-9) / ekadezavikRteSUpasaMkhyAnaM kartavyam // (1-1-56 ityatra bhASyam / )2 (2) naitadasti prayojanam - adyAdityeva bhavitavyam / evaM hi saunAgAH paThanti / co'narthako'nadhikArAdeGa : // (3) paribhASAntaramiti ca matvA kroSTrIyAH paThanti / niyamAdiko guNavRddhI bhavato vipratiSedheneti // (4) zaMkarA nAma parivAjikA, zaMkarA zakunikA tacchIlA ca, tasyAmubhayaM prApnoti / paratvATTaH syAt / 1. smAdividhiH purAnto yadyavizeSeNa kiM kRtaM bhavati / na smapurAdyatana iti bruvatA kAtyAyaneneha // 1 // (vArtikam) (bhASyam) smAdividhiH purAnto yadyavizeSeNa bhavati kiM vArtikakAra: pratiSedhena karoti, na smapurAdyatana iti // 3-2-118 ityatra vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam (Vol. II) Ed. F. Kielhorn, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, 1965, (p. 121). vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (Vol. I) Ed. F. Kielhorn, BORI, Pune, 1962 (p. 136). vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (Vol. III), BORI, 1972, (p. 76). 4. vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (Vol. I), BORI, 1965 (p. 46).

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[68] dhAtugrahaNasAmarthyAdajeva bhavati / kuNaravADavastvAha / naiSA zaMkarA / zaMgarA eSA / gRNAtiH zabdakartA tasyaiSa prayogaH // ityAdi / parantu kAtyAyana se bhinna jo jo vArtikakAroM kA nAmollekha pataJjali ne kiyA hai vaha bahuta gaNanApAtra nahIM hai / ataH isa vyAkhyAna meM 'vArtikakAra' ke nAma se jo bhI carcA prastuta kI jAyegI vaha kAtyAyana ko uddiSTa karake hI hai - aisA mAnanA cAhie // 0.3 'vArtika' kA lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa : jisa taraha se paramparA meM 'svalpAkSaramasaMdigdham' ityAdi zabdoM se 'sUtra' kA lakSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaise hI 'vArtika' kA bhI eka lakSaNa diyA gayA hai : uktAnuktaduruktAnAM cintA yatra pravartate / taM granthaM vAttikaM prAhurvAttikajJA manISiNaH // arthAt - jisa meM ukta, anukta aura durukta viSayoM kA cintana (vicAra) kiyA jAtA hai, usa grantha ko (yA vacana ko) vArtikajJa manISIoM vArtika kahate haiM || pANini ke sUtroM para kAtyAyana ne jo vArtika likheM haiM, vaha bhI tIna prakAra ke dikhAI par3ate hai / tInoM prakAra ke vArtika ke udAharaNa nimnokta haiM :(ka) ukta-cintA pravartaka vArtika : 'aSTAdhyAyI' ke sUtroM ke prayukta zabdAvalI kI yathArthatA udghATita karane ke lie carcA ke prArambha meM katipaya AkSepa diye jAte hai aura bAda meM usakA samAdhAna diyA jAtA hai / aise prasaGga meM jo vArtika prastuta kiye jAte hai use 'ukta-cintA pravartaka vArtika' kahate hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahe to sUtrastha zabda, jo (sUtrakAra dvArA) 'ukta' hai, usake prayojana kI cintA yAne vicAraNA karane vAle vArtika ko 'uktacintA pravartaka' kahate hai / udAharaNa ke lie - (1) yU stryAkhyau nadI / 1-4-3 sUtra se 'nadI' saMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / usa sUtra kI padAvalI meM 'AkhyA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / vicAra kI pUrva avasthA meM pUrvapakSa yaha mAna letA hai ki isa zabda kA prayoga vyartha hai / isa ke binA bhI kAma cala sakatA hai| 5. 3-2-14 ityatra vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (Vol. II), BORI, (p. 100) 6. draSTavyaH - parAzara - upapurANa /

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[69] pUrvapakSa ke isa Azaya ko, arthAt 'AkhyA' pada kA prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA hai ? isa jijJAsA ke upalakSya meM vArtikakAra ne kahA hai ki - __ "nadIsaMjJAyAm 'AkhyA' grahaNaM strIviSayArtham" (vA:-1) arthAt nadIsaMjJA ke viSaya meM 'AkhyA' zabda kA prayoga isa lie kiyA jAtA hai ki - jo dIrgha I-kArAnta evaM dIrgha U kArAnta nitya strIliGga zabda hoMge, usI kI hI 'nadI' saMjJA ho sake; (anya kI nahIM) - yaha spaSTa karane ke lie sUtra meM "AkhyA" zabda kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yathA - grAmaNI / senAnI / jaise dIrgha I kArAnta puMliGga zabdoM kI 'nadI' saMjJA nahIM hogI / isa taraha ke vArtika ko 'uktacintApravartaka' kahate haiM / (kha) anukta-cintA pravartaka vArtika : pANini ke sUtra meM jo nahIM kahA gayA hai, yA jo kahA gayA hai vaha aparyApta hai to aise sthAnoM para paripUrti karane ke lie jo vArtika prastuta kiyA jAtA hai use anukta cintA pravartaka vArtika kahate hai / udAharaNa ke lie - pANini ne kRtyAH / 3-1-95 sUtra ke adhikAra meM, tavyattavya-anIyaraH / 3-1-96 sUtra rakhA hai| isa sUtra se dhAtumAtra se (kRtyasaMjJaka) tIna pratyayoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jisase 'paktavya', 'pacanIya' jaise zabda siddha hote haiN| sUtrakAra ke isa vidhAna meM pUrvapakSa ko nyUnatA dikhAI detI hai| isa nyUnatA kI paripUrti karane ke lie yahA~ para vArttikakAra kahate hai ki - kelimara upasaMkhyAnam / (vArtika-1) arthAt dhAtu se pare |-kelimara/ pratyaya bhI hotA hai - aisA eka adhika pratyaya bhI kahanA cAhie / jisake phala svarUpa - "pacelimAH mASAH / " yA "bhidelimAH" saralAH / ityAdi zabda bhI siddha ho sakate hai| 'paktavyAH' yA 'bhettavyAH' ke artha meM hI yaha donoM (pacelimAH) (bhidelimAH) zabdoM kA prayoga ho sakatA hai| yahA~ hama dekha sakate hai ki - 'tavyat', 'tavya' aura 'anIyara' pratyaya ke sAtha sAtha eka nayA, athavA (sUtrakAra dvArA) anukta ho aisA eka /-kelima/ pratyaya vArtikakArane pradarzita kiyA hai / to aise vArtikoM ko 'anuktacintApravartaka' vArtika kahate haiM // (ga) durukta cintA pravartaka vArttika : pANini ne apane sUtroM ke dvArA jo vyavasthA nirdhArita kI hai, usameM kutracit ativyApti yA avyApti rUpa doSa bhI dikhAI par3ate haiM / usako haTAne ke lie bhI kAtyAyanane kucha 7. 1-4-3 ityatra 'vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam' (Vol. I), BORI, p. 313.

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[70] vArttika banAye haiM / udAharaNa ke lie - (1) yena vidhistadantasya / 1-1-72 sUtra se pANini ne tadantavidhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai / parantu vArtikakAra kahate hai ki - samAsapratyayavidhau pratiSedhaH / (vArttika-3) evaM ugidvarNagrahaNavarjam / (vArttika-4) yadi aise do vArttika nahIM svIkArate haiM, to dvitIyA zritAtItapatitagatAtyastaprAptApannaiH / 2-1-24 sUtra se kaSTaM zritaH iti 'kaSTazritaH' jaisA samAsa to hogA hI; parantu "kaSTaM paramazritaH" iti jaise vigrahavAkya meM zritAnta (= paramazrita) zabda kA bhI 'kaSTam' ke sAtha aniSTa samAsa ho jAyegA / aise aniSTa se bacane se lie, "samAsapratyayavidhau pratiSedhaH / " vArtika banAnA Avazyaka hai; anivArya hai // (2) isI taraha se vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam / 1-4-2 sUtra ke dvArA kahA gayA hai ki vipratiSedha ke prasaGga meM parasUtra pUrvasUtra kA bAdha karatA hai / parantu kAtyAyana ne sUkSmekSikA se katipaya sthAna aise bhI dekhe haiM ki jahA~ parasUtra kI apekSA pUrvasUtra hI balavAna mAnanA Avazyaka hai| aise sthAnoM kI gInatI karake vArtikakArane kahA hai ki - guNavRddhayauttvatajvadbhAvebhyo num pUrvavipratiSedhena // (7-1-96 ityatra mahAbhASyam) / "trapuNe - jatune" jaise udAharaNoM meM gherDiti (7-3-111) sUtra se guNa kI prApti bhI hai; aura iko'ci vibhaktau (7-1-73) sUtra se /-num / Agama kI bhI prApti hai / pUrvatva-paratva kI dRSTi se 7-3-111 sUtrokta 'guNa' kArya para hai / parantu yahA~ para parasUtrokta kArya karane para aniSTa kI Apatti hai / ataH vArtikakAra, sUtrakArokta (1-4-2) vyavasthA ko badala kara, num Agama ke viSaya meM pUrvasUtra (7-1-73) hI balavAna mAnanA Avazyaka batAte hai / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki vArtikakAra kAtyAyanane pANini ke sUtroM ke upara trividha (ukta-anukta-evaM durukta) cintA pravartaka vArttika likheM haiM / ___ ina tInoM prakAra ke vArtikoM se kAtyAyanane jo kArya kiyA hai usakI vyAkaraNika dRSTi se bhI samIkSA karanI cAhie : (1) kAtyAyana ne "saMyogAntasya lope yaNaH pratiSedho ( vaktavyaH)" aisA (duruktacintApravartaka) vArtika likha kara 'dadhyatra-madhyatra' jaise udAharaNoM kI iSTasiddhi kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / yaha vArtika dhvanizAstra kI pUrNa abhijJatA kA dyotaka hai| kyoMki iko yaNaci / 8. saMyogAntasya lopaH / 8-2-23 ityatra mahAbhASyam / Vol. III, BORI, Poona, 1972, p. 401.

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[71] 6-1-77 sUtra se jo yaNAdeza kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha to ik vargoM kA pratinidhi hai| aba saMyogAntasya lopaH 8-2-23 se yadi yaNa kA lopa ho jAyegA, to 'dadhatra' meM se iSTArtha kI pratIti/prApti hI nahIM hogI / (2) manyakarmaNyanAdare vibhASA'prANiSu / 2-3-17 sUtra se / man (daivAdika) dhAtu ke karma, jo prANI-bhinna ho, usako vikalpa se caturthI vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| parantu kAlAntara meM "aprANiSu" yaha saMkoca aparyApta evaM ativyApaka lagane se, kAtyAyanane nau-kAka-anna-zuka-zRgAlavarjeSu iti vAcyam * aisA vArtika prastuta kiyA hai / aise anuktacintApravartaka vAttika se bhASA meM Aye hue aitihAsika parivartana ko hI vacanabaddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha se 4-1-49 sUtrastha yavanAllipyAm ityAdi vArtika bhI dekhe jAne cAhie // (3) kAtyAyana ne kutracit bhASA meM Arya hue arthasaMkoca yA arthavistaraNa kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / jaisA ki - striyAm 4-1-3 ke adhikAra meM Aye hue strIpratyaya vidhAyaka sUtroM ke upara jo vArtika prastuta kiye gaye haiM usase yaha jJAta hotA hai // (4) kAtyAyana ne 1-4-2 ke sandarbha meM jo pUrvavipratiSedha kA parigaNana karanevAle duruktacintApravartaka vArtika likhe haiM, usase zAstrIyabhUloM kA sudhAra pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / / ata: kAtyAyana ke kArya kI samIkSA karane se pahale yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAnI cAhie ki kAtyAyana ne "tIna prakAra ke vArtika" likheM haiM itanA (hI) kahanA paryApta nahIM hai / tIna prakAra ke vArtikoM se jo kucha kahA gayA hai, usakI Adhunika (bhASAzAstrIya evaM bhASAvaijJAnika) dRSTi se bhI samIkSA karanI jarUrI hai // 0.4 kAtyAyana ke kArya kI AlocanA : yadyapi kAtyAyana ne pANini kI 'aSTAdhyAyI' ko sudRDha evaM anavadya banAne ke lie hI 'vArtika' kI racanA kI thI / parantu paramparA meM kAtyAyana ke kArya yA avadAna kA yogya mUlyAMkana nahIM ho pAyA hai| kyoMki vArtika vacana kA jo lakSaNa diyA gayA hai, usameM 'vArtika' ko pANinIya sUtra ke kevala vyAkhyAnabhUta vacana hI nahIM kahA gayA hai / (tIna prakAra ke vArtikoM meM se jo kevala uktacintA pravartaka vArtika hai, usI ko dekhakara hI hama vArtika 9. draSTavyaH - vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (prathamo bhAgaH) pradIpodyota sahitam, prakA0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1967 (pR. 105).

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[72] ko 'sUtra ke vyAkhyAnabhUta-vacana' kaha sakate hai / ) parantu kAtyAyana ne to anya do prakAra ke vArtika bhI likhe hai / jaisA ki - nAgeza bhaTTane vRddhirAdaic / 1-1-1 sUtra ke prathama vArtika (saMjJAdhikAra: saMjJAsaMpratyayArthaH) para 'uddyota' meM likhA hai ki sUtre'nukta-duruktacintAkaratvaM vArtikatvam / ' pANini ke sUtra meM nyUnatA yA avyAptyAdi doSa dekhakara sUtra kI pUrti karane ke lie yA nirdoSa banAne ke lie bhI vArtika vacana likhe gaye hai / ataH koI bhI adhyetA kAtyAyana ko pANini ke 'doSajJa vaiyAkaraNa' ke rUpa meM samajheM to usameM Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai / pANini ke kathana meM sudhAra karane vAle ke rUpa meM kAtyAyana ko yadi dekhA gayA hotA to bhI kadAcit usakI prazaMsA ho sakatI thI / parantu bhAgyavazAt paramparA meM, Age calakara jo bhASyakAra pataJjali Aye unhoMne bhI kAtyAyana ke aneka vArtikoM kA avatAra karake aura usake guNadoSa kI carcA karane ke bAda, anta meM prAyaH vArttikakAra ke prastAva kA asvIkAra hI kiyA hai / bhASyakAra kA prayAsa aisA hI rahatA hai ki sUtra ke zabdoM kA sUkSmekSikA se paryAlocana karane se isameM se vyApaka yA eka viziSTa artha bhI mila sakatA hai / jisake kAraNa vArttikavacana kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI / udAharaNa ke lie - vipratiSedhe paraM kAryam / 1-4-2 sUtra para vArtikakAra ne eka vArtika likha kara katipaya sthAnoM para 'pUrvavipratiSedha' kI AvazyakatA pradarzita kI hai / parantu bhASyakAra ne kahA hai ki sUtra meM Aye hue "paraM kAryam" zabda kA artha kevala 'pazcAdvartI' aisA hI nahIM hotA hai; parantu 'para' zabda iSTa vAcaka bhI hai / 10 jahA~ pUrvasUtra kI pravRtti iSTa hai/Avazyaka hai to usako bhI svIkArane se aba pUrvokta vArtikavacana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahegI // ___ isa taraha se bhASyakAra ne bahuta sthAnoM para kAtyAyana ke vArtikoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / yadyapi yahA~ para, eka vAstavikatA yaha bhI rahI hai ki bhASyakAra ke dvArA tiraskRta vArtikoM meM se aise aneka vArtika haiM, jo 'kAzikA' jaise vRttigranthoM aura 'siddhAntakaumudI' jaise prakriyA grantho meM sarvathA svIkArya hI rahe haiN| ataH prazna hotA hai ki kyA bhASyakAra ne kahIM kAtyAyana ko anyAya to nahIM kiyA haiM ne ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna aise socanA cAhie ki bhASyakAra ke manameM yaha bAta rahI hogI ki sthAna sthAna para yadi vArtikakAra ke prastAva ko hama svIkArate caleMge to 'aSTAdhyAyI' kA pUrA sUtrapATha badala jAyegA / parantu 'aSTAdhyAyI' kA granthana kisI bhI taraha se zithila to nahIM ho jAnA cAhie / ataH sUtra meM hI tor3a-jor3a karake yA zabdoM 10. sa tarhi pUrvavipratiSedho vaktavyaH / na vaktavyaH / iSTavAcI parazabdaH / vipratiSedhe paraM yadiSTaM tad bhavatIti // 7-1-96 ityatra vyAkaraNa mahAbhASyam (Vol. III), BORI, p. 276.

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[73] ke naye yA apracalita artha yAda dilA ke, ve kAtyAyana ke prastAva ko ThukarAte hai / yaha eka dRSTibheda kA prazna hai / anyathA kAtyAyana ne jo 'aSTAdhyAyI' kI sevA kI hai, vaha atyanta mahanIya hai // ___ pANinIya vyAkaraNa-paramparA meM pahale pANini dvArA 'aSTAdhyAyI' sUtrapATha likhA gayA / usa sUtrapATha ke upara kAtyAyana ne vArttika likheM / aura pataJjaline ina donoM (sUtra evaM vArttika) para 'vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya' kI racanA kI / ina tInoM ke saMyukta evaM saMniSTha AyAsa se hI pANinIya-vyAkaraNa kA 'tantra' khar3A huA hai / parantu Adhunika adhyetAoMne ina tInoM AcAryoM ke pArasparika sambandha ko jina dRSTi se dekhA hai vaha bhI ullekhanIya hai / pANini ke sAtha kAtyAyana kA sambandha kisa taraha kA mAnA jAya ? aura pataJjali kA pANini evaM kAtyAyana ke sAtha kisa taraha kA sambandha rahA hogA ? prAthamika dRSTi se to lagatA hai ki ina donoM kA sambandha; eka TIkAkAra jaise hi rahe hogeM / parantu 'vArtika' kA pUrvokta lakSaNa (jisa meM kahA gayA hai ki pANini ke sUtra para jo anukta evaM durukta cintana prastuta karanevAle vacana hai - use 'vArtika' kahate hai) dekhakara kAtyAyana kA pANini ke sAtha kevala eka TIkAkAra kA sambandha rahA hogA aisA nahIM lagatA hai / evameva bhASyakArane bhI aneka vArtikoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai / ata: pataJjali bhI kAtyAyana ke vyAkhyAkAra ke rUpa meM ubhara kara nahIM Ate hai // goDalasTukara nAmaka evaM jarmana vidvAn kahate hai ki - kAtyAyana pANini ke prazaMsaka athavA mitra rahe ho aisA nahIM lagatA hai / parantu kAtyAyana pANini ke virodhI ke rUpa meM, balki anucita virodhI ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate hai / 11 dUsarI aura pataJjali pANini kA hI pakSa lete hai; usakA hI samarthana karate hai| aura kadAcit kAtyAyana ko anyAya bhI kara dete hai / 12 11. Katyayana, in short, does not leave the impression of an admirer or friend of Panini, but that of an antagonist; - often, too, of an unfair antagonist. - PANINI : His place in Sanskrit Literature, by Theodor Goldstucker, Pub. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, 1965, (p. 132). 12. Patanjali often refutes the stricutures of Katyayana and takes the part of Panini; .......he sometimes overdoes his defence of Panini, and becomes unjust to Katyayana. - Ibid, (p. 133).

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[74] dUsarI aura prophe. esa. DI. jozI (pUNeM) jaise vidvAn kahate hai ki kAtyAyana zabdoM ke artha kI mImAMsA jyAdA karate hai, aura dArzanika cintana kI aura adhika jhukate hai 13 isa taraha se kAtyAyana ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana adyAvadhi vivAdAspada rahA hai / kyoMki, golDasTukara ke zabdoM meM kAtyAyana bhale hI pANini ke virodhI lagate ho; 'aSTAdhyAyI' ko anavadya evaM paripUrNa banAne ke lie kAtyAyana kA avadAna avismaraNIya hai / evameva, DaoN. jozI (pUNeM) ne jaisA kahA hai, kAtyAyana ne jo zabdArtha- vicAraNA kI o vizeSa dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai, vaha bhI samucita hai / prastuta vyAkhyAna meM, hama Age cala kara kAtyAyana kA eka aura viziSTa avadAna ujAgara karanA cAhate hai / * * * kAtyAyana ne zabdArtha kI vicAraNA karane ke sAtha sAtha, vaktA evaM zrotA ke bIca meM jo sambhASaNa-sandarbha hotA hai, (jisako Pragmatics kahate hai ) usako bhI madhye najara rakhate hue katipaya vArttika likhe haiM / jisake phala svarUpa yaha bAta bhI dhyAna meM AtI hai ki vyAkaraNatantra ke antargata kevala 'padatvasaMpAdaka - vidhiyA~' aura 'padoddezyakavidhiyA~' hI batAnI paryApta nahIM hai; 'kisa sambhASaNa sandarbha meM kauna sA viziSTa vAkya ( yA zabda) prayoga hotA hai ?' yaha bhI ullekhanIya banatA hai / kAtyAyana kA, isa dizA jo eka viziSTa avadAna hai; aura jo adyAvadhi anullikhita bhI rahA hai vaha prastuta vyAkhyAna kA pramukhya vaktavya hai // 1.0 'sambhASaNa - sandarbha' kI vyAkhyA : pANini ne apane vyAkaraNatantra meM 'artha' ko Arambha-bindu para rakha kara prakRti + pratyaya ke saMyojana kI prakriyA pradarzita kI hai| usameM jo dravyAdi padArthoM ke kozagata artha hote hai, vaha to rUDhi se prasiddha hote hai / vyAkaraNa - prakriyA (yA rUpasAdhanikA) ke Arambha meM hI aise kozagata artha kI vAcikA 'prakRti' kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai| phira, prakRti ke jo liGga-vacanAdi hote haiM; aura usa prakRtivAcya vyakti / padArtha kA kriyA meM jo kArakatva hotA hai una (tInoM) ko vyakta karanevAlA 'pratyaya' liyA jAtA hai| (yahA~ pratyaya se prApta hone vAle liGga-vacana-kArakAdi rUpa artha "vyAkaraNika artha " kahe jAyeMge / ) tatpazcAt yaha donoM (prakRti + pratyaya) kA saMyojana 13. Katyayan has a philosophical bend of mind.......It appears that he is more concerned with meaning and philosophization. - Samarthahnika, by S. D. Joshi, University of Poona, 1968, p. xvi - xvii.

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[75] zUrU hotA hai / antatogatvA, usameM se vibhinna prakAra ke subanta pada evaM tiGanta pada rUpa vAkyaniSpanna hotA hai / tantra se niSpanna huA aisA 'vAkya' jaba vaktA - zrotA ke bIca meM eka viziSTa mAhola meM prayukta hotA hai, to vahA~ jo vAkyArtha prApta hogA vaha kevala kozagata evaM vyAkaraNika artha taka sImita nahIM rahegA / vahA~ para kadAcit eka nayA sambhASaNa - sandarbha bhI usa artha meM jur3a jAtA hai / udAharaNa ke lie yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam / 2-3-37 sUtra se bhAvalakSaNA (sati) saptamI kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jaba koI jJAta kriyA se ajJAta kriyA kA kAla bodhita karane kI vivakSA hotI hai to vahA~ aisI saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / yathA goSu duhyamAnAsu, devadattaH grAmaM gataH / yahA~ pahale prazna hotA hai ki devadattaH kadA gataH ? to devadatta ke (ajJAta) gamana kAla ko bodhita karanevAlI jo godohana rUpa jJAtakriyA hotI hai, tadvAcaka (kRdanta) zabdako, aura usa kriyA ke kartA/karma ko saptamI vibhakti lagAI jAtI hai / yahA~ para 'bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam' zabdoM se kevala vyAkaraNika - artha kA nirdeza huA hai I parantu prakaraNavazAt yA viziSTa vaktA - zrotA ke sandarbha meM kadAcit donoM kriyAoM ke bIca eka kAryakAraNa bhAva kA sambandha bhI udbhAsita karane ke lie hI bhAvalakSaNA saptamI kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / yathA * mAtula ghara se padhAre bharata ko jaba sumantra kahatA hai ki rAme vanaM gate, dazarathaH prANAn tatyAja / " ( jaba rAma vana meM cale, to dazarathane apane prANoM ko tyAga diyA ) " aise vAkya meM do kriyAoM ke bIcameM kAryakAraNabhAva sambandha vyakta karane ke lie hI bhAvalakSaNA saptamI kA yahA~ prayoga kiyA gayA hai / "rAma ke vana meM jAne ke kAraNa, dazaratha ke prANa nikala gyeN|" - - - vAg - vyavahAra meM jo vaktA - zrotA kA mAhola hotA hai usako 'sambhASaNa - sandarbha' kahate hai / aise sambhASaNa - sandarbhoM meM vaktA kI vizeSaNa vivakSA kA, viziSTa prakAra kI bhASAbhivyakti kA cayana, evaM zrotA ke mana para usakA kyA prabhAva par3atA hai ina bAtoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / sAtha meM, vaktA kA sAmAjika pariveza evaM usakI mAnasika bhUmikA bhI dekhI jAtI hai / nizcita sambhASaNa sandarbha meM jo viziSTa prakAra kI bhASAbhivyakti kA AzrayaNa kiyA jAtA hai, usase kozagata artha evaM liGgavacanAdi rUpa vyAkaraNika artha se jo kucha nayA adhika artha prApta hotA hai vaha bhI adhyayana kA viSama banatA hai // 1.1 sambhASaNa - sandarbha evaM vyAkaraNa kA kAryakSetra : (kozagata evaM vyAkaraNika) 'artha' se Arambha karake, vAkyaniSpatti paryanta kI tAntrika prakriyA prastuta karanevAle vaiyAkaraNa se kyA hama yaha ummida kara sakate hai ki vaha apane

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[761 vyAkaraNa meM sambhASaNa-sandarbho kA bhI ullekha kare ? sambhava hai ki kisI ke mana meM yaha apekSA hada se bAhara kI lage / arthAt sambhASaNa-sandarbha kI bhI carcA karanA vyAkaraNa ke kAryakSetra meM nahIM AtA hai aisA abhiprAya svAbhAvika lagatA hai / parantu pANini kA vyAkaraNa zabdaniSpAdaka tantra hone ke sAtha sAtha, varNanAtmaka prakAra kA bhI vyAkaraNa hai / ataH yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane vyAkaraNa meM sambhASaNa-sandarbho kA bhI nirdeza karate rahe / 'aSTAdhyAyI' ke katipaya sUtroM meM jahA~ sambhASaNa sandarbha ullikhita huA hai, ve sUtra isa prakAra hai : (1) nAdinyAkroze putrasya / 8-4-48 (2) pratyabhivAde cA'zUdre / 8-2-83 (3) heta kSiyAyAm / 8-1-60 (4) prahAse ca manyopapade manyateruttama ekavacca / 1-4-106 (5) yajJakarmaNyajapanyUGghasAmasu / 1-2-34 (6) tuhyostAtaGGAziSyanyatarasyAm / 7-1-35 (7) lupa-sada-cara-japa-jabha-daha-daza-gRbhyo bhAvagarhAyAm / 3-1-24 ityAdi / uparyukta sabhI sUtroM meM, vaktA-zrotA ke bIca meM eka viziSTArtha yA manogata viziSTa bhAvanA vyakta karane kA sandarbha prakaTa rUpa se nirdiSTa hai / pratyabhivAdana, hAsa-parihAsa, yajJakarma, yA AzIrvAda-pradAna karane kI paristhiti taba hI hotI hai ki jahA~ vaktA-zrotA kA mahola ho, aura una donoM ke bIca kucha vizeSa sambhASaNa-sandarbha khar3A huA ho / aisI sthiti meM bhASAkIya stara para viziSTa zabdAvalI yA pratyayAdi kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / / 2.0 anuktacintA-pravartaka vArtika kA traividhya : ____ kAtyAyana ke anuktacintA-pravartaka vArtikoM kA adhyayana karane se mAluma par3atA hai ki ve tIna prakAra ke hote haiM / yathA - (1) sUtrakAra ke dvArA jo zabda (prAtipadika) yA pratyayAdi kA parigaNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, usakA nirdeza vArtikakAra karate hai| udAharaNa ke lie - sUtrakAra ne yaci bham / 1-4-18 sUtra se yakArAdi evaM ajAdi pratyaya para meM rahate pUrva meM Aye hue zabda

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[77] kI 'bha' saMjJA kA vidhAna kiyA hai / parantu yahA~ vArttikakAra kahate hai ki nabho'GgiromanuSAM vatyupasaMkhyAnam / ( vA0 3 ) arthAt nabhas, aGgiras evaM manuS zabda kI bhI 'bha' saMjJA hotI hai; jaba vakArAdi / - vat / pratyaya para meM rahe taba bhI / nabhasvat / aGgirasvat // yahA~ sUtrakAra se vakArAdi / - vat / pratyaya kA parigaNana chuTa gayA thA; jisako vArttikakArane pUrNa kara diyA hai / (2) 'aSTAdhyAyI' meM katipaya sthAna aise hai ki jahA~ sUtrakAra ne sAmAnyarUpa se hI pratyayavidhAna kiyA hotA hai; vahA~ arthanirdeza nahIM kiyA hotA hai / athavA kAlAntara meM arthasaMkoca yA arthaparivartanAdi ho jAne ke kAraNa nizcita yA nayA arthanirdeza karanA jarUrI bana jAtA hai / yathA azva-kSIra- vRSa- lavaNAnAm AtmaprItau kyaci / 71-51 sUtra se / - kyac / pratyaya parameM rahate 'asuk' Agama kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / parantu vArttikakAra yahA~ kahate hai ki azva - vRSayomaithunecchAyAm (vA0 1) / arthAt jahA~ para "vaDavA (azvA) azvam maithunAya icchati " aisA artha vyakta karanA abhISTa hogA taba 'asuk' Agama ho kara ' ( vaDavA) azvasyati' / jaisA rUpa siddha hogA / parantu jaba 'devadattaH AtmanaH azvam icchati' / aisA artha vyakta karanA hogA taba kevala kyajanta rUpa 'devadattaH azvIyati / ' hI banegA || isI taraha kA eka dUsarA udAharaNa hai :- guptikidbhyaH san / 3-1-5 sUtra se jo / - san/ pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usameM koI vizeSArtha kA nirdeza sUtrakArane kiyA hI nahIM hai / parantu yahA~ kAzikAkAra ne eka vArttika uddhRta kiyA hai : nindA - kSamA-vyAdhipratIkAreSu sanniSyate'nyatra yathAprAptaM pratyayA bhavanti / arthAt (1) ( gup (gopane ) dhAtu se jo 'san' pratyaya hogA, vaha nindA artha meM hogA jugupsate / (2) tij nizAne dhAtuse 'kSamA' artha meM 'san' hogA :- titikSate / (3) kita nivAse dhAtu se 'vyAdhipratIkAra' artha meM 'san' pratyaya hogA cikitsate / : : (3) vArttikakAra ke dvArA jo tIsare prakAra ke anuktacintA - pravartaka vArttika likhe gaye hai, vaha nimnokta hai :- hetau / 2-3-23 sUtra se nirvyApAra 'hetu' vAcaka daNDena ghaTa: / vidyayA yazaH / ityAdi // aziSTavyavahAre dANaH prayoge caturthyarthe zabda se tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai / yathA isa para vArttikakAra kahate hai ki - --

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[78] tRtIyA 1114 arthAt dA dhAtu ke prayoga meM, jaba aziSTa - vyavahAra dyotita karane kI icchA ho taba caturthI vibhakti ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai yathA dAsyA saMyacchate kAmukaH / yahA~ vaktAne 'dAsyai' ke sthAna para, tRtIyA (dAsyA) kA prayoga karake aziSTa-adharmayukta vyavahAra kI aura zrotA kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / isa taraha vaktA - zrotA ke sambhASaNa sandarbha ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaba kisI vizeSa bhASAbhivyakti kA ullekha karanA jarUrI hotA hai, to vaha kArya vArtikakAra ke dvArA nirdiSTa kiye jAte haiM / - ina trividha 'anuktacintA - pravartaka' vArttikoM meM se, jahA~ para sambhASaNa - sandarbhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usakA aba vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAyegA || 2.1 vArttikoM meM sambhASaNa sandarbhoM kA ullekha : * sUtrakAra pANini ne jahA~ eka pratyaya se kevala vyAkaraNika artha kA vidhAna kiyA hai, vahA~ kAtyAyana ne vaktA - zrotA ke bIca kA vizeSa sambhASaNa - sandarbha dhyAna meM lekara kadAcit viziSTArtha kI pratIti udbhAsita hotI huI bhI dekhI hai / aura use vArttikavacana meM zabdabaddha bhI kI hai / udAharaNa ke lie (1) parokSe liT / 3-1 - 115 sUtra se parokSa bhUtakAla artha meM liT lakAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / yathA yudhiSThiro nAma rAjA babhUva / atyanta dUra kA jo bhUtakAla hai arthAt hamAre janma se pUrva meM jo ghaTanA ghaTita ho cUkI hai, usake lie hama liT lakAra kA prayoga kara sakate hai / parantu yahA~ kAtyAyana kahate hai ki parokSe liD atyantApahnave ca / ( vA0 1) arthAt vaktA jaba koI bAta ko saMgopita karanA cAhatA hai; yA koI kriyA kabhI bhI ghaTita hI nahIM huI hai aisA pradarzita karanA cAhatA hai, to vaha bhI liT lakAra kA prayoga kara sakatA hai / jaisA ki kiM tvaM kaliGgeSu prasthito'si ? ( kyA Apa kabhI kaliGga deza meM gaye hai ? ) aisA prazna pUche jAne para, vaktA isa ghaTanA apane jIvana kAla meM kabhI ghaTI hI nahIM hai aisA abhivyakta karane ke lie liT lakAra kA prayoga karatA hai nAhaM kaliGgAn jagAma // / yahA~ uttamapuruSa (aham ) ke sAtha 'jagAma' jaise parokSabhUtakAla kA prayoga kriyA kI atyanta apahnuti vyakta karatA hai // * 14. 1-3-55 ityatra mahAbhASyam // (Vol. I) BORI, p. 284.

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[79] isI dizA meM Age calakara bhASyakAra pataJjali ne 'apare AhuH' kaha kara koI anya vArtikakAra kA mata bhI jor3A hai ki - suptamattayoruttama iti vaktavyam / arthAt uttamapuruSa ke sAtha jaba liT kAra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba, vahA~ vaktA supta yA matta avasthA meM bola rahA hai aisA sambhASaNa-sandarbha abhivyakta hotA hai / yathA-supto'haM kila vilalApa ?! matto'haM kila vilalApa ?! yahA~ cittavyAkSepa kI sthiti prakaTa karane ke lie liT kA prayoga yathArtha hai / 16 (2) luG / 3-2-110 sUtra kahatA hai ki - bhUtasAmAnya artha meM dhAtu se luG lakAra kA prayoga karanA cAhie / parantu yahA~ vArtikakAra kAtyAyana kahate hai ki - vaserluG rAtrizeSe / (vA0 3); jAgaraNasaMtatau / (vA0 4) // arthAt koI vyakti rAtri ke tInoM prahara jAgaraNa karake hamAre ghara baiThA rahatA hai (kSaNabhara bhI sotA nahIM hai) / isa sandarbha meM yadi hama use pUche ki - kim atra bhavAn uSitaH ? (kyA Apa yahA~ rahe the ?) / to vaha (jAgaraNazIla) vyakti kahegA ki - aham atra avAtsam / (hA~, meM yahA~ rahA hu~) yahA~ para gatadina kI = hyastanabhUtakAla kI hI bAta hone hue bhI 'avasam' kriyApada kA prayoga nahIM hotA hai; parantu luG lakAra kA hI (avAtsam) prayoga hotA hai / isa anadyatana (hyastana) bhUta ke sandarbha meM bhI vaktA-zrotA ke bIca yadi luG kA prayoga ho jAtA hai to yaha bAta vyakta hotI hai ki bolane vAlA vyakti rAta meM soyA hI nahIM hai; usane jAgrata avasthA meM hI rAta bItAI hai| (3) anadyatane laG / 3-2-111 se anadyatana arthAt hyastana bhUtakAla artha meM laG lakAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / parantu kAtyAyana eka vizeSa sambhASaNa sandarbha ko ujAgara karate hue likhate hai ki - parokSe ca lokavijJAte prayokturdarzanaviSaye (laG vaktavyaH) / 15. vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam (Vol. II), BORI, pR. 120. 16. atra kAzikA - uttamaviSaye'pi cittavyAkSepAt parokSatA sambhavatyeva, tadyathA-supto'haM kila vilalApa / (atra padamaJjarI-) madasvapnAdibhizcite vyAkSipte bhavati vai kazcitsvakRtameva na jAnAti, pazcAdeva tvayA kRtamiti pArzvasthebhyaH zrutvA prayukte supto'haM kila vilalApa iti / kila iti ajJAnaM sUcayati // kAzikA (nyAya-padamaJjarI sahitA), saM. dvArikAdAsazAstrI evaM kAlikAprasAda zuklaH, prAcyabhAratIprakAzana, vArANasI, 1965 (dvitIyo bhAgaH), pR. 630.

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[80] (vA0 2) arthAt lokasamUha ke lie jo ghaTanA pratyakSa nahIM hai; parantu loka meM vijJAta to hai hI / aba aisI koI ghaTanA ko pratyakSa dekhanevAlA vayovRddha AdamI laG lakAra kA prayoga kara sakatA hai / yavanaH sAketam aruNat / koI vayovRddha ne yaha ghaTanA apane AyuSakAla meM kadAcit pratyakSa rUpa se dekhI thI, lekina smaraNapatha meM yaha bAta itanI prakaTa hai ki mAno vaha ghaTanA kala hI (hyastanabhUtakAla meM hI) ghaTI hai / to (luG ke sthAna para) laG lakAra kA prayoga karatA hai // bhASyakAra ne yahA~ pratyudAharaNa ke rUpa meM kahA hai ki - vAkyaprayoktA vayovRddha ne jaba koI ghaTanA apane AyuSakAla meM dekhI nahIM hai, to vaha laG (yA luG) kA prayoga nahIM kara sakatA hai / vahA~ to parokSa bhUtakAla kA, arthAt liT kA hI prayoga karanA par3egA / yathA - kaMsaM jaghAna kila vAsudevaH / = vAsudeva kRSNane kaMsa ko mArA thA / ___ (4) bhUte / 3-2-84 sUtra ke adhikAra meM karmaNi hanaH / 3-2-86 sUtra se kahA jAtA hai ki - karmavAcaka zabda upapada meM rahate han dhAtu se, 'bhUtakAla' artha meM -Nini/ pratyaya hotA hai / yathA - pitRvyaghAtI / mAtulaghAtI / (= cAcA ko, yA mAtula kA ghAta karanevAlA) / parantu yahA~ para kAzikakAra eka vArtika prastuta karate hai :- kutsitagrahaNaM kartavyam / arthAt vaktA jaba zrotA ko yaha sUcita karanA cAhatA hai ki "amuka AdamIne kutsita karma kiyA hai" taba hi (sUtrakArokta) /-Nini/ pratyaya kA prayoga karanA cAhie / anyathA (yAne jaba kutsA pradarzita nahIM karanI hai taba) to niSThAnta prayoga hI karanA cAhie / yathA - cauraM hatavAn nagararakSakaH / (= nagararakSaka ne caura ko mAra DAlA / ) yahA~ para, vaktAzrotA ke sambhASaNa sandarbha meM kutsA-pradarzana abhISTa hai ki nahIM isako dhyAna meM rakhate hue |-Nini/ athavA /-kta-ktavatu/ pratyaya kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai / (4) dhAtoH karmaNaH samAnakartakAd icchAyAM vA / 3-1-7 sUtra se icchA kriyA ke karmabhUta dhAtu se pare /-san/ pratyaya hotA hai, yadi donoM kriyA samAnakartRka ho to / yathA - devadattaH kartum icchati - = devadattaH cikIrSati / isa icchAdarzaka / san/ pratyaya ke viSaya meM kAtyAyana kahate hai ki - AzaGkAyAm acetaneSu upasaMkhyAnam / (vA0 12) arthAt vaktA jaba kisI kriyA ke viSaya meM AzaGkA vyakta karanA cAhatA hai, to vahA~ para bhI yaha /-san/ pratyaya pravRtta kiyA jAtA hai / yathA - (1) AzaGke patiSyati nadyAH kUlam - pipatiSati kUlam / nadI meM bAr3ha ko dekhakara mujhe AzaGkA hotI hai ki zAyada

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. [81] yaha nadI kA taTa tUTa jAyegA / yahA~ para "pipatiSati" kriyApada meM se 'icchA' rUpa artha vyakta nahIM hotA hai / parantu 'AzaGkA' rUpa artha prakaTa ho rahA hai / isI taraha se - ayaM rugNaH zvA mumUrSati / "mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha rogI zAyada kala mara jAyegA / " jaba vaktAzrotA ke bIca meM AzaGkA kA sambhASaNa-sandarbha hotA hai, to vaha /-san/ pratyaya kA prayoga isa viziSTa artha meM karatA hai / / (5) hetumati / 3-1-26 sUtra se prayojaka ('hetu') kartA ke preraNA rUpa vyApAra ko prakaTa karane ke lie, dhAtu se pare Nic pratyaya kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / yathA - devadattaH yajJadattena kaTaM kArayati / odanaM pAcayati / ityAdi / parantu kAtyAyana kahate hai ki - AkhyAnAt kRtastadAcaSTa iti kRlluka prakRtipratyApattiH prakRtivacca kArakam (vA06) arthAt AkhyAna vAcaka kRdanta zabda se (bhI) "Nic' pratyaya hotA hai; "tadAcaSTe" aise artha jo abhivyakta karane ke lie / yathA - (1) kaMsavadham AcaSTe - kaMsaM ghAtayati / (2) balibandham AcaSTe - baliM bandhayati // yahA~ para jo sambhASaNa-sandarbha hai vaha isa prakAra kA hai :- kauI paurANika kathAkAra janasamudAya ke samakSa baiThakara kRSNa ke dvArA mAtula kaMsa kA vadha kisa taraha kiyA gayA thA ? isakA purANokta AkhyAna kaha rahA hai / kathA saMkIrtana ke prasaGga meM vaha itanA otaprota hai, bhAvAveza meM hai ki usa paurANika ko dekhakara eka vaktA dUsare zrotA ko kahatA hai ki - 'ayaM kaMsaM ghAtayati / ' yahA~ para vAstava meM paurANika vyakti kaMsa kA ghAta nahIM karatA hai; vaha to kevala kaMsavadha kA AkhyAna sunA rahA hai / arthAt yahA~ 'ghAtayati' aisA Nijanta (preraka) prayoga eka viziSTa sambhASaNa sandarbha ko ujAgara karane ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai / / -- (6) anadyatane luT / 3-3-15 se anadyatana bhaviSyat kAla artha meM luT lakAra kA prayoga hotA hai / yathA - zvo bhoktA'yaM brAhmaNaH / (yaha brAhmaNa kala bhojana karanevAlA hai / ) zvo gantA'yaM parivrAjakaH // parantu kAtyAyana kahate haiM ki - paridevane zvastanI bhaviSyantyarthe / (vA0 1) arthAt sAmAnya bhaviSyat kAla ke artha meM zvastanI kA (= luT lakAra kA) prayoga hotA hai, jaba paridevanA vyakta karane kA avasara ho taba // yathA - iyaM nu kadA gantA, yA evaM pAdau nidadhAti / koI vilAsavatI yuvatI apanI lIlApUrvaka cala rahI hai; (jisa meM koI vega hI nahIM hai) / use dekhakara usakI sAsa kahegI ki yaha kaba apane lakSya sthAna

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[82] para pahu~cegI; yadi aise hI manthara gati se pAda rakhatI rahegI to ? - to yahA~ 'gamiSyati' (= luT) ke sthAna para gantA (= 'luT') kA prayoga karake vaktA paridevanA (= eka prakAra kA viSAda yA zikAyata) kA bhAva vyakta karatA hai / 2.2 sAmAsika-prayogoM meM sambhASaNa sandarbha : ____ kAtyAyana ne bhASA meM katipaya aise bhI sthAna dekhe haiM ki jahA~ viziSTa vibhakti-prayoga ke sAtha eka nizcita sambhASaNa-sandarbha jur3A huA rahatA hai / yathA - (1) SaSThyA Akroze / 6-3-21 sUtra meM pANini ne hI kahA hai ki vAgvyavahArameM Akroza vyakta karanA ho to, uttarapada para meM rahe taba, pUrvapada meM AyI huI SaSThI vibhakti kA aluk (samAsa) hotA hai / udAharaNa ke lie - caurasya kulam / dAsyAH putraH / __ yahA~ para kAtyAyana ne eka vArtika prastuta kiyA hai :- devAnAMpriya iti ca / (vA0 3) isa vArttika ke pIche kucha itihAsa chupA huA hai / samrATa azoka ne bauddha dharma kA svIkAra karake sAre bhAratavarSa meM aneka zilAlekhA utkIrNa karavAye the / ina para likhA thA ki - devAnAM priyaH priyadarzI rAjA AjJApayati..... [devoM ke priya, priyadarzI rAjA azoka kI AjJA hai ki usake rAjya meM kisI ko hiMsA yA madyapAna nahIM karanA hai ityAdi // ] arthAt samrATa azoka ne apane nAma ke pUrva meM 'devAnAM priyaH' aisA eka vizeSaNa jor3a diyA thA / parantu usane brAhmaNadharma chor3a kara, bauddha dharma kA avalambana kiyA thA / ataH isa ke dveSa meM brAhmaNasaMskRti ke andara yaha 'devAnAM priyaH' zabda eka prakAra ke Akroza meM yA vyaGgya meM prayukta hone lagA thA / ata: kAtyAyana ne uparyukta vArtika se isa zabda ko SaSThyA Akroze / 6-3-21 sUtra ke antargata SaSThI aluk ke viSaya meM sthira kara diyA / mUlataH to yaha zabda Akroza vyakta nahIM karanA thA / 'devapriyaH' jaisA sAmAsika zabda aura 'devAnAM priyaH' jaisA vigraha vAkya honoM hI eka sAdhu samAna artha meM pracalita thaa| parantu kAlAntara meM brAhmaNasaMskRti aura bauddhasaMskRti ke bIca meM virodha ho jAne ke bAda [aura samrATa azoka ne apane lie yaha vizeSaNa kA prayoga vyApaka rUpa se zurU kiyA to] pUrvokta vArtika se yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA ki 'devAnAM priyaH' jaisA SaSThI aluk semAsa Akroza, nindA jaise artha meM pracalana meM A gayA hai; alabatta brAhmaNasaMskRti meM !17 yaha virodha jaise jaise tIvra hotA gayA hai vaise 17. bANabhaTTa (650 A.D.)ne to isa zabda kA sAdhu artha meM hI prayoga kiyA hai kyoMki samrATa harSavardhana ne bauddhadharma ko bhI rAjyAzraya diyA thA / draSTavyaH harSacaritam, saM. pI. vI. kANe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1986, (p. 11, 129)

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[83] mukhara rUpa se yaha bAta zabdabaddha kI gaI hai / jaisA ki - bhaTToji dIkSita ne siddhAntakaumudI meM "devAnAM priya iti ca mUrkhe" isa taraha kA vArttikavacana prastuta kiyA hai / 18 (2) alpAntaram / 2-2-34 sUtra se kahA jAtA hai ki dvandva samAsa meM jo alpa ac (svara) vAlA zabda hogA usakA pUrvanipAta hotA hai / yathA - zivakezavau // zaMkhadundubhivINAnAm ityAdi / parantu isa sUtra para kAtyAyana kahate haiM ki - abhyarhitam / (vA0 4) arthAt dvandva samAsa meM jur3ane vAle zabdoM meM se, pUjanIya yA mahattvapUrNa zabda hogA, usa zabda kA pUrvanipAta hotA hai / yathA - (1) mAtA ca pitA ca iti - mAtApitarau / (2) zraddhA ca medhA ca - iti zraddhAmedhe // yahA~ para vaktA apane lie donoM meM se kauna abhyarhitapUjanIya hai yaha vyakta karane ke lie jisa zabda kA pUrvanipAta karatA hai, vaha dhyAnAspada bana jAtA hai / 2.3 vibhakti prayoga meM sambhASaNa-sandarbha : pANini ne dANazca sA ceccaturthyarthe / 1-3-55 sUtra se kahA hai ki - tRtIyA vibhakti ke sAtha prayukta huA / dAN dAne dhAtu se parameM Atmanepada hotA hai; yadi vaha tRtIyA caturthIvibhakti ke artha meM prayukta huI ho to // aba yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki aisA kauna sA sthAna hogA jahA~ caturthI ke artha meM tRtIyA pravRtta huI ho ? to bhASyakAra kahate hai ki - aziSTavyavahAre'nena tRtIyA ca vidhIyate AtmanepadaM ca / 9 aziSTa vyavahAra vyakta karane ke lie caturthI ke artha meM tRtIyA hotI hai; aura 'sam' upasarga pUrvaka / dAN dhAtu ko Atmanepada ke pratyaya lagate hai / yathA - dAsyA saMcacchate kAmukaH / yahA~ se sUcana le kara kAzikAkArane vArtika banAyA hai : aziSTavyavahAre tRtIyA caturthyarthe bhavatIti vaktavyam / vaktA jaba dAsI aura kAmuka kA vyavahAra dharmazAstra ko mAnya nahIM hai, aisA vyakta karanA cAhatA hai to vaha caturthI ke sthAna para tRtIyA kA prayoga karatA hai aura kriyApada meM Atmanepada rakhatA hai| parantu vaha jaba zrotAM ko koI pati-patnI kA dharmya vyavahAra batAnA cAhatA hai, taba caturthI ke sthAna meM caturthI kA hI, aura kriyApada meM parasmaipada saMjJaka pratyaya kA prayoga karatA hai / yathA - dAsaH dAsyai dhanaM saMyacchati // 18. 6-3-21 ityatra vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI / saM. vAsudeva paNazIkara, nirNaya sAgara presa, muMbaI, 1929, (p. 213).. 19. 1-3-55 ityatra mahAbhASyam (Vol. I), BORI, p. 284.

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[84] isI taraha se, yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam / 2-3-37 sUtra se bhAvalakSaNA (sati) saptamI vibhakti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / isa sUtra ke sandarbha meM saptamyadhikaraNe ca / 2-3-36 sUtra ke bhASya meM tIna vArtika likhe haiM :- (1) kArakArhANAM ca kArakatve / (vA0 3); (2) akArakArhANAM cAkArakatve / (vA0 4) evaM (3) tadviparyAse ca / (vA0 5) // [siddhAntakaumudIkArane ina tInoM vArtikoM ko milA kara eka hI vArtika prastuta kiyA hai : arhANAM kartRtve'narhANAm akartRtve tadvaiparItye ca / *] jisake pariNAma svarUpa tIna prakAra ke sambhASaNa sandarbho meM '(bhAvalakSaNA) saptamI' ke prayoga prApta hote haiM / yathA - (1) RddheSu bhuJjAneSu daridrA Asate / brAhmaNeSu taratsu vRSalA Asate / yahA~ para sammAnya vyaktioM kA jaba kartRtva/kArakatva hotA hai; taba anarha vyaktioM kA akriyAzIlatva dikhAI paDatA hai / (2) darideSu AsIneSu RddhA bhuJjate / vRSaleSu AsIneSu brAhmaNAstaranti / yahA~ para ayogya vyaktioM ke akartRtva kI sthiti meM yogya vyaktioM kI kriyAzIlatA dikhAI par3atI hai| (3) RddheSu AsIneSu daridrA bhuJjate / brAhmaNeSu AsIneSu vRSalAH taranti / ina udAharaNoM meM viparIta-gati dikhAI de rahI hai| arthAt suyogya vyaktioM ke akriyAzIlatva meM, ayogya vyaktioM kI kriyAzIlatA kahI gaI hai // kAtyAyana ina vArtikoM se jo kahanA cAhate hai vaha sUkSmekSikA se AlocanIya viSaya hai : eka to, saptamI adhikaraNe ca / 2-3-36 ke bhASya meM rakhe gayeM ye vArtika vAstava meM to yasya ca bhAvena bhAvalakSaNam / 2-3-37 para hone cAhie / (zAyada isa lie bhaTToji dIkSitane usako sthAnAntarita karake - bhAvalakSaNA saptamI ke prasaGga meM rakha diye hai / ) kyoMki bhASyakArane jo udAharaNa diye haiM vaha bhAvalakSaNA saptamI ke udAharaNa haiM | dUsarA, bhAvalakSaNA saptamI ke jo anya udAharaNa sAhitya meM prayukta hue hai, vaha dekhane se aisA mAluma par3atA hai ki kAtyAyanane jo kahA hai usameM abhI aura bhI gaharAI se socane kI AvazyakatA hai / yathA -

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[85] (1) pazyatsu pANDuputreSu, draupadyAH vastrANi apahRtAni / yahA~ para, suyogya pANDuputroM kI akartRtA meM, eka ayogya duHzAsana kI kartRtA darzAyI gaI hai / isa taraha se vArtikakAra kA kathana susaMgata to ho jAtA hai| parantu sUkSmekSikA se dekhane se mAlUma hotA hai ki yahA~ kAryakAraNabhAva kA sambandha tUTatA hai / arthAt sAmAnya rUpa se nIca ayogya duHzAsana kI kartRtA ke samaya meM, suyogya pANDuputroM kI niSkriyatA amAnya hai| draupadI ke vastrAharaNa rUpa 'kAraNa' kI upasthiti meM, 'kArya' kA honA, arthAt yogya vyaktioM kA kriyAzIla honA jarUrI thA / parantu isa kAryakAraNabhAva kA sambandha tUTane kI sthiti ko vAcA dene ke lie, bhAvalakSaNA saptamI kA prayoga karanA cAhie - aisA vArtikakAra kA mUlataH Azaya hogA / isI taraha se, kaH paurave zAsati vasumatI, zakuntalAyAm avinayam Acarati / (abhijJAnazAkuntalam - aGka - 1) udAharaNa meM bhI arhaNIya vyakti (rAjA duSyanta) ke zAsana kAla meM, bhramara rUpa ayogya vyakti kI vinayAcaraNa rUpa kriyA meM akartRtA hai - aisA socakara, pUrvokta vArtika kI saMgati biThAI jAtI hai| parantu yadi hama aisA kahe ki duSyanta ke zAsana rUpa 'kAraNa' kI upasthiti meM, bhramara ke vinItAcaraNa rUpa 'kArya' kI aniSpati pradarzita ho rahI hai / to yaha kahanA vadhu ucita dikhAI par3atA hai / bhASA meM anya pracalita udAharaNa dekheM to (3) rAme vanaM gate, dazarathaH prANAn tatyAja / athavA (4) bhoje divaM gate, nirAlambA sarasvatI / ina udAharaNoM meM donoM kriyAoM ke bIca kAryakAraNabhAva kA sambandha dikhAI par3egA // ina cAroM udAharaNoM kI carcA se nimnokta niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai :- bhAvalakSaNA saptamI kA prayoga aise sambhASaNa sandarbho meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai ki - jahA~ (ka) do kriyAoM ke bIca meM kArya-kAraNabhAva vyaMjita karanA ho, athavA (kha) do kriyAoM ke bIca meM kAryakAraNabhAva sambandha tUTatA ho ! vArtikakAra isa parama satya taka to nahIM pahu~ca pAye hai, parantu isa dizA meM socane kA prArambha to unhoMne jarUra kiyA hai // 2.4 taddhita pratyaya se sambhASaNa-sandarbha : kRbhvastiyoge saMpadyakartari ciH / 5-4-50 sUtra se kR, bhU evaM as dhAtu ke yoga meM, sampadyamAna karma ke kartA ko dyotita karane ke lie 'svArtha' meM /-cci/ pratyaya hotA hai / arthAt vikArAtmatA ko prApta karanevAlI prakRti ke artha meM rahanevAle vikAravAcaka zabda ko 'svArtha' meM /-cci/ pratyaya lagatA hai / parantu yahA~ para kAtyAyana kahate hai ki -

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[86] vividhAvabhUtatadbhAvagrahaNam (vA0 1) "jo prakRti pahale aisI nahIM thI, parantu bAda meM aisI ho gaI hai" aisA abhivyakta karane ke lie /-cci/ pratyaya kA prayoga hotA hai // (arthAt sUtrakAra ne to mUla meM /-cci/ pratyaya kA 'svArtha' meM vidhAna kiyA thA, parantu vArtikakArane eka vizeSa sambhASaNa sandarbha jor3a diyA ki 'abhUta-tadbhAva' artha meM /-cci/ hotA hai aisA kahanA cAhie) / yathA - azukla: zuklaH saMpadyate, taM karoti iti - zuklIkaroti / akRSNaH kRSNaH saMpadyate, taM karoti iti - kRSNIkaroti // vArtikakAra ne /-cci/ pratyaya kA yahA~ jo 'abhUtatadbhAva' rUpa eka viziSTa artha pradarzita kiyA hai, vaha sambhASaNa-sandarbha meM pariNata hokara jo camatkRti utpanna karatA hai, usake katipaya udAharaNa dekheMge / sa velAvapravalayAM parikhIkRtasAgarAm / ananyazAsanAm urvI zazAkaikapurIm // - raghuvaMzam (1-30) sa zloka ke 'parikhIkRtasAgarAm' zabda meM 'cci' kA prayoga huA hai / paritaH khAtaM parikhAH durgaveSTanam / aparikhA parikhAH saMpadyamAnAH kRtAH parikhIkRtAH sAgarA yasyAH, tAm urvIm zazAka 120 yahA~ para 'parikhIkRtasAgarAm' zabda meM se "sAgarAH eva parikhAH" aise abhedAropa kA bodha hotA hai / arthAt jo sAgara pahale parikhA nahIM the (abhUta); usako bAda meM parikhA rUpa banAye gaye hai (= tadbhAva ko prApta karavAye hai) use 'parikhIkRtasAgara' kahate hai / aba zloka kA artha aise hogA :- parikhA rUpa banAye gaye sAgaravAlI pRthivI kA dilIpa rAjA ne zAsana kiyA thA / kahane kA tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki yahA~ 'sAgara' evaM 'parikhA' ke bIca meM 'eva' kAra se abhedaropa nahIM kiyA gayA hai; parantu /-cci/ pratyaya se kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ 'parikhA' rUpa upamAna ke upara 'sAgara' rUpa upameya kA abhedAropa hone ke kAraNa rUpakAlaGkAra kI pratIti hotI hai / eka dUsarA udAharaNa dekhate hai : amuM puraH pazyasi devadAruM putrIkRto'sau vRSabhadhvajena / yo hemakumbhastananiHsRtAnAM skandasya mAtuH payasAM rasajJaH // - raghuvaMzam (1-36) 20. raghuvaMzam (mallinAthaTIkayA sahitam), sargaH 1, zlo0-30 The News Printing Press, Bombay, 1927, (p. 8).

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[87] yahA~ kavi kAlidAsa kahate hai ki - vRSabhadhvaja (zaMkara)ne devadAru vRkSa ko mAno putra hI banAyA hai / jo vRkSa vRkSa hI thA, putra nahIM thA / usa vRkSa ko zaMkarane putra hI mAna liyA hai - isa artha ko vyakta karane ke lie yahA~ |-cci/ pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahe to - yahA~ devadAru vRkSa rUpa upameya ke upara, putrarUpa upamAna kI sambhAvanA kI gaI hai / ataH yaha utprekSAlaGkAra kA bhI udAharaNa banatA hai / vArtikakAra ne -cci/ se 'abhUtatadbhAva' rUpa artha vilasita hotA hai - aisA arthadarzana prApta kiyA hai / parantu usakA jaba vyApaka rUpa se sambhASaNa sandarbha meM prayoga hotA hai taba rUpaka ke sAtha sAtha utprekSA alaGkAra kI arthacchAyA bhI prakaTa hotI hai - yaha vizeSa dhyAtavya hai // 3.0 upasaMhAra : ___ uparyukta carcA se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki anuktacintA-pravartaka vArtika meM se katipaya aise bhI hai ki jisa meM kAtyAyana ne vaktA evaM zrotA kA sambhASaNa-sandarbha dhyAna meM lete hue to viziSTayartha kI pratIti hotI hai usakA nirdeza kiyA hai / evaM vaktA apane manogata viziSTa bhAvoM ko vyakta karane ke lie jo viziSTa lakAra, vibhakti yA pratyayAdi kA cayana karatA hai to usako bhI vyartikakAra ne zabdabaddha kiyA hai / yadyapi vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ne isa taraha ke sambhASaNasandarbha kA ullekha pANini se prerita hokara hI kiyA hai| parantu vArtikakAra kI isa mahanIya sevA kA Adhunika adhyetAoM ne nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| varNanAtmaka prakAra ke isa vyAkaraNa meM sambhASaNa sandarbho kA kahA~ kahA~ para sUtrakAra evaM vArtikakAra ke dvArA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ? isakA adhyayana karane se hI vArtikakAra ke kArya kA yogya mUlyAMkana ho sakegA / anyathA golaDasTukara kI taraha kAtyAyana ko pANini kA virodhI, yA pataJjali ko kAtyAyana kA virodhI kahane se kisI kA bhI vyAkaraNa meM kyA avadAna hai yaha spaSTa honevAlA nahIM hai| ___-Aja hamane jo vArtika udAhRta karake adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai usase yaha spaSTa huA hogA ki - vArtikakAra kAtyAyana ne apane vArtikoM meM vizeSa rUpa se jo sambhASaNa sandarbho kA ullekha kiyA hai vaha varNanAtmaka prakAra ke vyAkaraNa kI pUrti kA hI upakrama hai aura vahI kArya kAtyAyana kA vizeSa smaraNIya avadAna mAnanA cAhie /

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[88] sandarbha grantha- sUci kAzikA ( nyAya - padamaJjarI sahitA), saM. dvArikAdAsa zAstrI evaM kAlikAprasAda zukla, prakA0 prAcya bhAratI prakAzana (tArA pablIkezana) vArANasI, ( bhAga -1 se 6), 1965 se 1967. niruktam (1-6) (skandasvAmin -- mahezvara kI TIkA sAtha), saM. lakSmaNa sarUpa, prakA0 maheracaMda lachamanadAsa, dillI, 1982. niruktam (dvitIyo bhAgaH), (durgasya TIkayAsahitam) gurumaNDala granthamAlA - 10, saM. manasukharAya mora, kalakattA, 1952. PANINI-AS A VARIATIONIST, vAkyapadIyam (prathamo bhAgaH ) svopajJa - ambAkartrI by Paul Kiparsky, University of Poona, sahitam) saM. raghunAtha zarmA, prakA0 sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlayaH, vArANasI, 1976. Pune, 1980. Indian Linguistics (Vol. 36) Ed. Ashok R. Kelkar, Deccan College, Puna, 1975. Indian Linguistics (Vol. 40 ) Pune, 1979. PANINI - A Survey of Research, vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI, saM. vAsudeva paNazIkara, by George Cardona, Pub. Motilal nirNayasAgara presa, muMbaI, 1929. Banarasidass, Delhi, 1980. LINGUISTICS, Ed. by Archibad A. Hill, Voice of America Forum Serices, Washington, 1978. vaiyAkaraNa - siddhAnta - kaumudI (1-4) hindI PANINI: His place in Sanskrit vyAkhyAkAra saM. paM. zrI bAlakRSNa paJcolI, prakA0 Literature by Theodor Goldstucker, caukhambA saMskRta sIrijha oNphisa, vArANasI, 1969. Pub. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam (pradIpoddyotasahitam) prakA0 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, prathamo bhAgaH (1967), dvitIyo bhAga (1967); tRtIyo bhAgaH (1967). vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASyam - Ed. F. Kielhorn | Office, Varanasi, 1965. B.O.R. Institute, Pune, Vol. I (1962), Vol. II (1965), Vol. III (1972). raghuvaMzam (mallinAthaTIkayA sametam ) saM. veMkaTeza zAstrI, prakA0 The News Printing Press, Bombay, 1927. Paniniyan Studies (Prof. S. D. |Joshi Felicitation Volume ), Ed. M. M. Deshpande & Saroja Bhate, Pub. Center for South & Southest Asian Studies, Univ. of Michigan, USA, (No. 37 ), 1991. Samarthahnika (Vyakarana Mahabhasya with English Translation & harSacaritam (1-8), saM. pI. vI. kANe, motIlAla Notes by Prof. S. D. Joshi, University banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1986. of Poona, Pune, 1968. Course in General Linguistics by The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Ferdinand de Saussure, (1857-1913) | Language, Ed. by Devid Crystal, 1992.

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Jain Ede