________________
HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
145
in their explanation when they say—'ācāryopādhyāyasya acaryopādhyāyayorvā',20 or ācāryeņa saha upādhyāyah ācāryopādhyāyaḥ 21 It is not clear, therefore, whether the rules regarding his privileges (aïsesa), and his leaving the gana, pertained to one officer—the ācāryopādhyāya, or to two officers.
Anyway, this person had five privileges,22 according to which he was allowed to wipe and clean his feet in the monastery, to ease nature in the monastery, to wait upon somebody or abstain from doing so, to live alone in the monastery for a night or two, and to remain outside the monastery for the same period.
For five reasons, he could leave the gaña. If he was unable to keep up the morale and the spirit of the whole group regarding moral discipline and essential duties (ānam vā dhāraṇam vā), if he was unable to wield control over the other members of the gana, if he was unable to recollect and explain the sacred lore to the disciples at the proper time, if he was attached to a nun belonging either to his own gana or to another one, or if he was unable to pull on due to his friends or relatives leaving the gana—then under any one of these circumstances he could leave the gaña.23
No mention either of the qualifications or of the duties of this officer is to be found. (e) Pavatti :
Even though mentioned along with other officers, 24 no details are given regarding the Pravartin. The commentator explains him as25—
Tapaḥsamyamayogeşu yo yogyastatra tam pravartayati / Asaham ca nivartayati ganataptikaraḥ pravarti tu //
From this it appears that he was a person who busied himself with the promotion of penance and the practice of self-control. (f) Āyariya:
The ācārya was the head of a group of monks, and stood as the ideal in respect of proper moral behaviour and as the store of knowledge to his disciples.26
20. Than. comm. p. 331b. 21. Bhag. comm. p. 232a. 22. Thān. p. 329ab. 23. Ibid. p. 331b. 24. Ibid. p. 142b; Acār. II, 66, 33; 67, 7; 80, 31. 25. Thän. pp. 143b, 144a.
26. Acārya ref. to in Bhag. p. 382a; Dšv. 8, 23; Thān. p. 142b; Acar. II, 66, 33; 66, 7; 80, 31.
BULL. DCRI.-19
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
