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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
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Regarding its origin, some say that Jineśvarasûri in V.S. 1080 obtained a title 'Kharatara' after overthrowing the Caityavāsins in the court of Durlabharaja, the king of Anhilväda.14 According to others, it was started by Jinadattasüri in V.S. 1204. Still others hold that Jinavallabhasüri started it. 125
Epigraphical mention, however, is available from 1147 V.S.136
Epigraphs referring to it are to be found in Madras, Hyderabad (Deccan), N. Gujarat, Rajputana, U.P., Bihar, Bengal, and Madhya Bharat. It is widely spread at present in Gujarat, Kathiawad and Rajputana.
The following schisms in it may be noted: 127
(1) Madhukara Kharatara-in V. S. 1167 at the time of Jinavallabha. (2) Rudrapalliya Gaccha-in V.S. 1169 by Jayasekhara.128
(3) Laghu Kharatara-in V.S. 1331 by Jinasimhasüri.
(4) Vaikata Gana-in V.S. 1422 by Jinesvarasuri.
(5) Pippalaka Säkha-in V.S. 1461 by Jinavardhana.
(6) Acārylya Kharatara Säkhä-in V.S. 1564 by Säntisagara. (7) Bhavaharsiya Kharatara Säkha-by Bhāvaharsa, when Jinacandra (V.S. 1612-1670) was the head of the Kharatara gaccha. (8) Laghvi ācāryiya Kharatara Sākhā-in V.S. 1686 by Jinasagara. (9) Rangavijaya Säkhä-in V.S. 1700 by Rangavijaya Ganin. (10) Sariya Kharatara Sakha by Sara Upadhyāya.
(11) The eleventh division of this gaccha was due to Mahendrasûri at Mandovara in V.S. 1892.
Besides these, epigraphs refer to other branches like the following:
(1) Sadhu Sakha (?) of Jinacandra Süri,129
(2) Manikyasūri Sākhā,130
(3) Kşemakirti Säkhā,
124. EI., I, pp. 119, 319-24; I.A., XI, pp. 245ff.
125. SBM., V, ii, pp. 61-63.
126. NAHAR, III, 2124.
127. PJLS, II, See Index, under Kharatara.
128. BÜHLER says it was Jinasekhara who founded it in V.S. 1204: E.I., I, p. 119. 129. NAHAR, III, 2199 of V.S. 1536; I, 196-97 of V.S. 1686.
130. Ibid., 527 of V.S. 1871.
131. Ibid., II, 2064 of V.S. 1952.
BÜLL. DCRI.-67
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