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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
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TAVADARA:
It is mentioned in an inscription dated V.S. 1499 from
Jodhpur.218
TAVAKIYA:
It is also written as Jñāvakiya and is mentioned in an epigraph dated V.S. 1505 from Nānā (in Marwad).219
TARAPADRA: THARAPADRIYA: THIRAPADRIYA: THIYARA:
These appear to be various names of one and the same gaccha, as they seem to have originated from a place-name Thirāpadra.220 The gaccha is also mentioned as Thirädra.221
It is mentioned from the 11th to the 16th century of V.E.
TRIBHAVIYA :
It is referred to in an epigraph from Mirzapur,222 dated V.S. 1420.
UDDYOTANACARYA :
An inscription dated V. S. 1686 from Pāli in Marwad refers to it, and says that it originated out of the Pallikīya gaccha.223
From its name it appears to have originated with an ācārya of a similar nanie.
UKESA or UPAKESA :
It seems to have been current, on the basis of epigraphical evidence, from the 13th to the 20th century of V. E.224
It may be noted that this gaccha ascribes its origin to Pārsvanātha.
From epigraphs it seems to have spread over Rajputana, U. P., Madhya Bharat, Bengal, N. Gujarat, and Bihar.
218. Ibid., I, 616. 219. Ibid., 887 of V.S. 1505. 220. SBM, V, ii, p. 74. 221. NAHAR, III, 2464 of V.S. 1533. 222. Ibid., I, 427. 223. Ibid., I, 825.
224. Ibid., I, 791 of V.S. 1259; II, 1487 of 1940: See, HOERNLE, 'Pattávali of the Upakesha Gaccha', in I.A., XIX, p. 233.
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