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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
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(4) sajjhāya-study,
(5) jhăna-meditation,
and (6) viüssagga-indifference or non-attachment to the body.
'Pāyacchitta' was tenfold, consisting of aloyaņā, padikkamaņa, tadubhaya, vivega, viüssagga, tava, cheya, müla, anavatthappā, and pārañciyā. All these have been explained elsewhere.
'Viņaya' consisted of perfect self-control, and purifying the mind by means of proper knowledge etc.
'Veävacca' made it compulsory for the monk to wait upon and go to the help of the āyariya, uvajjhāya, thera, tavassi, gilāņa, seha, sāhammiya, kula, gana and the sangha.
'Sajjhāya'-study. “Jhana_Meditation.
'Viüssagga'-It consisted either of giving up food, or the care of the body, or the four passions
Fasting:
Out of all these, it may be noted, fasting had a prominent place in the life of the monk. Various instances are referred to of persons who were "emaciated like the joint of a crow's leg and covered with a network of veins” 283
Besides restricting oneself to the articles begged (dravya), or to the place (kşetra), or time (kāla), or the mental state (bhāva),284 various fasts of different magnitude were practised either in the form of a line (sedhitava), or a square (paryāyatava), or a cube (ghana).285 No deceit in the practice of these was allowed,286 and the monks were disallowed to undertake improper types of penance without knowing full well the effects of these (bālatava).287
283. Uttar. 2, 3; Mrgāputra, Harikeşa Bala and Jayaghoşa fasted for a month: Ibid. 12, 35; 19, 25; 25, 5; Fasting of Mahāvīra: Acar. II, 15, 22 (p. 199); I, 8, 4, 4 and 7 (p. 86) etc.
284. Uttar. 30, 14-24. 285. Ibid., 30, 10-11. 286. Dśv. 5, ii, 46-49. 287. Bhag. p. 164a.
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