________________
HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
391
alone. Remaining alone was likely to make a monk go astray, lose his knowledge, faith and conduct. Hence if, except the 'Jinakalpika', 'gitärthas' wandered alone then they had to undergo 'caturlaghu' punishment, while if an 'agitärtha' wandered alone he had to undergo the 'caturguru.'106
Besides the moral loss, a lonely monk was likely to be led astray by heretics like the Kanāda, the Saugata and the Sänkhya, or by women, or householders or his former relatives. More than that, if he had any doubts regarding study, those were likely to remain unsolved.107
Improper Company:
A proper company was to be sought while touring, otherwise the monk had to undergo the following prayaścittas: 108
For touring with heretical nuns or eunuchs in a woman's attire at day time
37 37 23 at night With Jaina nuns at day time
39 39 39 at night......
.....
Going by a wrong way or by a short cut at day
at night
at day time
at night
92
39
In the proper company also, the monk had to choose the proper way, and had to follow the rules of walking (iryäsamiti). The following präyaścittas were prescribed for transgression : 109
Walking without 'iryasamiti'
Jain Education International
(1) to go to another teacher for further study,
(2) to wait upon the teacher,
(3) to fetch medicine for the ill.110
106. Ibid. 694-95.
107. Ibid. 700-02.
108. Ibid. Vol. II, 886-888.
109. Ibid.
110. Ogha-N. bha., 28-29, pp. 20ab.
'Laghukaccheda'
or
'Gurukaccheda'.
For Private & Personal Use Only
'Mula'.
Exceptions:
Under exceptional circumstances and calamities, however, a monk was allowed to go alone. The following were such circumstances:
'Anavasthāpya'. 'Pārāñcika'.
'Masalaghu'
'Masaguru'
'Masalaghu'
'Masaguru'.
www.jainelibrary.org
