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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
457
Pratikramana:
This means the condemnation of transgressions committed by the monk. It was either done by day (aha), or by night (nisā), fortnightly (pākşika), four-monthly (cāturmāsika), yearly (abde), pertaining to faults of movement (īryā), or before entering upon a fast unto death (uttamārtha).
This 'pratikramaņā' was either 'gurvi (extensive), or 'laghvī (short). The former was to be done on the following occasions:
(1) at the time of accepting the vows (vratāropaņī), (2) fortnightly (pākşikī), (3) at the end of Kārttika, (4) at the end of Phālguna, (5) yearly at the end of Aşādha, (6) at the time of condemning all faults done throughout monk life
(sarvāticārī), and (7) at the time of entering upon a fast (uttamārthi). The 'laghupratikramana' was to be done on the following occasions :
(1) at the time of uprooting the hair (loya), (2) at night (rātrau), (3) at daytime (dine), (4) after begging food (bhuktau), (5) for faults of movement (nişedhikāgamane), (6) for bad dreams (dosa), and (7) along the tour (pathi).381
Pratyākhyāna :
It was the determination to give up all sinful and unmonkly activities at any time.
The ten types of 'pratyākhyāna' are the same as those given in the Mülācāra.382
Kāyotsarga :
It was done for the purification of sin (ägahśuddhi), enhancement of penance (tapovșddhi), and dissipation of karman (karmanirjaraņā).
381. Ibid. 8, 57-64.
382. Ibid. 8, 65-69.: comm. p. 591. BULL. DCRI.-58
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