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456
S. B. DEO
behaved according to their words. At another place, he clearly states that some mathapatis who pretend to be monks (dravyajinalingadhärino) behave like the mleñchas. He says:
Panditairbhrastacaritrairvatharaisca tapodhanaiḥ/
Sasanam jinacandrasya nirmalaṁ malinikṛtar//376
For the historical corroboration of the details and the amount of corruption of the Church, we shall have to study the epigraphs of this period, which is done in a separate chapter. For the present, it may be noted that such remarks of Asadhara could not have been made without any basis.
DAILY ROUTINE:
The chief items of the daily routine of the monks were:
(1) The six 'ävasyakas' like 'sāmāïka,' 'caturviṁśatistava,' 'vandanā,' 'pratikramana,' 'pratyākhyāna' and 'kāyotsarga,377
and (2) other items like begging, study, meditation, etc.
Sāmāka:
It was the practice of the equanimous mood of mind for a certain period. Due to the practice of this, the monk got training in the mental as well as physical discipline which helped him in remaining neutral to happiness or misery, praise or humiliation, gain or loss.378
Caturvinéatistava:
It consisted of singing the hymns in praise of the Jinas. It pertained to the glory of, and other chief events in the lives of the twenty-four Tirthankaras,379
Vandand:
It consisted of showing respect to the superiors like the suri, pravartin, upadhyaya, ganin, sthavira and the ratnika.
These superiors were to be bowed down to by the juniors thrice a day-after doing the morning duties, in the afternoon after the 'devavandana,' and in the evening at the time of the 'pratikramana.' Even otherwise, when undertaking any work, or when seen along the road, the monks had to bow down to the guru.380
376. Ibid. comm. on 2, 96.
377. Ibid. 8, 17.
378. Ibid. 8, 19-36.
379. Ibid. 8, 37-45. 380. Ibid. 8, 46-56.
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