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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
445
Monastic Jurisprudence:
Various prāyaścittas were prescribed for different 'aticāras' (transgressions). They were, however, prescribed after taking into consideration the nature of the case, the physical state of the transgressor as also the local conditions (deśabala, praksti, and vayas).305
The 'vyavahāra' or the process of treating the transgressor was said to be fivefold, according as it was based on 'āgama', 'śruta', 'ājñā', 'dhārana and 'jīta'.306 It may be noted that the Svetambara texts also give the same division. 307
The list of the tenfold prāyaścittas remained the same,308 and the details about them, the proper time for these and the faults which required the undergoing of these punishments309 are almost identical with those given in the earlier texts like the Mülācāra and in some of the Svetāmbara texts. This being the case, only important punishments are discussed below.
(a) Cheda:
It has been explained as 'dinapakşādinā dīkshāpanam 310 (the lessening of the 'paryāya' by days or fortnights).
This was prescribed for the transgressor who had spent a long period in monkhood (ciraprayrajita), was able to put up with it (sakta), was endowed with fortitude (śūra) to put up with it, and was devoid of pride (adrpta).
The Anagäradharmāmrta, however, does not give the details of the transgressions in which 'cheda' was prescribed. Probably, they were the same as those given in the Svetāmbara texts.
(b) Müla :
It is explained to be the complete wiping out of the paryāya, and reinitiation (punardikşādānar paryayavarjanāt).311
305. Ibid. comm. p. 508. 306. Ibid. p. 671, for explanation.
307. For details, see SCHUBRING, (translation of Kalpaşütra) 1.A., Vol. 39, p. 267, f.n. 45.
308. Angd. 7, 35ff.
309. Alocana: Ibid. 7, 39; Improper one: 40-44; when to do: comm. pp. 503-04; Pratikramana: 7, 47; Tadubhaya: 7, 48; Viveka: 7, 50; Vyutsarga: 7, 51: comm. p. 502.
310. Ibid. 7, 54. 311. Ibid. 7, 55.
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