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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
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near gates, or there were different kinds of trees, etc. in or outside them. Along with these, the monks were to avoid the houses of the mleñchas, of the chimpakas (i.e. printer of cloth) and those of the mourners (sūtaka).533
DAILY ROUTINE:
Most of the time of the monk was spent, as we have already seen in the Angas, in study and meditation. The Chedasūtras and other texts more or less seem to repeat the same routine and give a few details regarding ‘pratilekhana', 'kāyotsarga' and 'ālocanā'. As we have already seen the rules regarding study, begging, etc. they are not repeated over here again.
Aloyaņā:
"Alocanā', or the reporting of the faults to the superior was compulsory for all.534 This confession was to be devoid of any deceit or hypocrisy, and insincerity in doing so made a monk liable for increased punishment. 535
Confession had to be done before an elder or a responsible person. The ācārya and the upādhyāyā were deemed the best persons for this purpose. Failing to get them, the monk had to do 'ālocanā' either before a well-read co-religionist belonging to the same 'sambhoga', or before a wellread monk of a different 'sambhoga' or before a person who had attained a position midway between a householder and a monk (sārūviya), or before a person of pure conduct (samyakbhāvita). If no such person was available then the monk went out of the village and facing either the east or the north, and folding the palms of his hands near the head, he said, "These are my faults. I have violated these items" (Evasyā me avarāhā, evai kkhutto aham avaraddho)'. Thus expressing his faults, he confessed before the Arhanta or the Siddha.536
Thus, only in extreme cases, the monks were allowed to perform 'ālocanā' before the Siddha. But, normally, monks and nuns of the same 'sambhoga' were allowed to perform 'ālocanā' between one another even when they had a superior present with them.537 If, out of a pair of monks, both had committed a particular transgression, then one of them acted as a superior and the other confessed his faults and underwent a punish
533. Ibid., 436-40.
534. 'Siśyeņa alocite aparādhe sati tadyogyam yatprāyaścittapradānam să viśodhiḥ. Alocanam alocanā aparādhamaryādayā locanam darśanam ācāryādeḥ alocanā.--Ibid., comm. p. 12a.
535. Vav. 1, 1-20; Nis. 20, 1-20. 536. Vav. 1, 34. 537. Ibid., 5, 19.
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