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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM
uprooting the hair, technically called 'loya'. Besides this term, other words used to denote the same process were 'munde bhavittä,004 and 'luttasira,05 The latter term suggests that besides uprooting the hair, cutting them with something was also allowed. This is more explicit from the rules as given in the Kalpasútra:
"Monks and nuns, who wear after the Pajjusan their hair as short as that of a cow, are not allowed to do so during their Pajjusan after that night (of the fifth Bhadrapada); but a monk should shave his head or pluck out his hair. Shaving with a razor every month, cutting with scissors every halfmonth, plucking out every six months. This is the conduct chiefly of Sthaviras during the rainy season."606
The Jinakalpikas' were allowed to uproot the hair at all times,607 Equanimity:
The strict avoidance of any efforts of bodily care led to the realisation of the importance of the spirit rather than of matter. The realisation of the importance of the spirit was the more when one identified individual soul with those of the rest of the beings,-and this exactly was the explanation of the appellation 'samana' (samamaņai tena so samano). The Sramaņa was to realise that misery was disliked by all, and hence he did not himself kill or make others do so or consent to other's doing the acts of injury to living beings. He was unattached to relatives and enemies alike. Firm like the mountain, unsupported like the sky, unattached to any single place like. the bee, modest like the earth, unattached like the lotus and light as the wind-these were the qualities expected of a monk.
This being the case, the monk took utmost precaution against injury to living beings. The mode of walking was also such as enabled him to avoid even small living beings.609 No movement at night was ever allowed.610 Fanning the body, taking out carelessly living beings from the almsbowl,612 doing any activity at the root of a living tree or at the base of a tree full of living beings (sacittarukkhamüla),613 making somebody to dispel
603. Avasyaka-N. 337. 604. Daśā.: 10th Daśā.
325
605. Ibid., 6th Daśā.
606. Kalpasūtra: Transl. JACOBI, SBE. XXII, p. 308; Nis. 10, 44.
607. Dasa.-N. 85. 608. Div-N. 155-57. 609. Ogha-N. 325. 610. Brh.kalp. 1, 47. 611. Acara-N. 170. 612. Nis. 14, 35-40. 613. Ibid., 5, 1-11.
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