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HISTORY OF JAINA MONACHISM (4) who could not control himself even with penance, (5) who indulged in sexual intercourse (pasangi), and (6) who frequently broke the 'uttaraguņas.'
(c) Müla :
This involved the complete wiping out of the paryāya of the monk, and he had to begin anew his career as a monk.
This was given in the following cases : 62 (1) breaking any one of the five great vows (pañca-mahā-vratas), (2) constantly breaking the 'mūla' and the ‘uttara-gunas, (3) accepting householdership or heretical faith out of pride, (4) causing impregnation or abortion (gabbhādāņe sādane vā).
(d) Anavasthāpya :
This was prescribed for the following transgressions : 63 (i) stealing the requisites of co-monks, (ii) slapping somebody with the hand, (iii) stealing the requisites of the monks of other faiths.
One who was punished with this sentence had to undergo various fasts upto the fourth or the sixth meal. At the breaking of the fast, he took ‘nirlepaka' food and drink. He remained in the gana practising this mode of life upto the maximum period of twelve years.
The monk so punished had to bow down to all. He lived in the company of other monks, but did so in one corner of the monastery, i.e. separated from the rest of the monks.
Neither he nor other monks spoke with one another. They did not discuss matters pertaining to the Sūtra. Nobody got up in respect to him. He was not allowed to scan the requisites of, or keep any contact with other monks.64 (c) Pārāñcika:
This has been explained in three ways in the Byhatkalpabhāşya.65 (a) pāram-tīram gacchati yena prāyaścittenāsevitena tat pārāñcikam:
the carrying out of which leads one to nirvāna;
62. Jāt, bha. 2288-2300; Vim. 16, 14. 63. Jit. bhā. 2301-2462; Vim. 16, 15. 64. Bļh. kalp. bhā., Vol. V, 5135-37.
65. Ibid. 4971. (comm.). BULL. DCRI.-48
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