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236
S. B. DEO
(santara cheya). In this connection, SCHUBRING, says, "If a monk persists in his fault through half a month, his seniority, will, according to a probably late scale given in the Cürni, be reduced by two and a half months, as the minimum for a monk is five days (for an uvajjhāya ten, an ayariya fifteen), the maximum six, twelve and eighteen months respectively "120
(b) Parihara :
Parihara or 'isolation' has been greatly dealt with in the Brhatkalpa, Vyavahara and Nisitha, even though it does not occur in the traditional list of the ten prāyaścittas.
This parihāra punishment lasted either for one month (masiyam), or for four months (cäümmäsiyam),121 even though the maximum is given as six months in one of the texts of the Chedasūtras.122
It seems that the parihara was twofold: either it was ugghäïya or anugghäïya. These terms are explained by SCHUBRING as follows: "The expressions ugghaiya and anugghäiya that appear here denote. conditional sentences passed on persons for transgressions. They represent the intervention of a period (udghāta), in which the punishment is softened or made mild between the different periods of expiation, perhaps also the pronouncement of the sentence and its carrying out "123
The monk who was undergoing the parihāra tapa was completely isolated and other monks were not allowed to exchange food or other requisites with him.124 No eating of food with him in a common vessel was allowed. Not only that, but such a pārihārika monk was not even to be invited by others for the purposes of seeking alms jointly and then divide it. One who did so had himself to undergo parihāra for one month.125
Due consideration, however, was shown to the transgressor undergoing parihara if he fell ill. In such cases, the gaṇāvacchedaka had to wait upon him for which the patient had to undergo a minor punishment in addition to the parihāra (ahālahusaë nāma vavahāre). Under no circumstances, however, service could be denied to him.126
120. I.A., Vol. 39, p. 262, fn. 25.
121. See Appendix 1 for such cases. 122. Vav. Uddesa 1.
123. SCHUBRING, Vavahara- und Nisiha- sutta, (Leipzig, 1918), pp. 9-10. 124. Vav. 2, 28-30.
125. Nis. 4, 112; See Appendix 1.
126. Vav. 2, 6.
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