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S. B. DEO
(8) Kiäkammassa karane-saluting each other,
(9) Veyavaccakarane-attending the ill,
(10) Samosarana-going to the festival in honour of the Jina, or to the latter's religious lecture,
(11) Sannisijjä-occupying the seat while discussing religious matters with another ācārya of the same sambhoga (?); (12) Kahäë ya pabandhane-pertaining to religious stories.59
It may be noted that breach of discipline made a monk liable for expulsion from the sambhoga. If somebody saw a monk doing a transgression, or the superiors heard about it from trustworthy person, or if the transgressor had thrice committed the offence and had again repeated the same, then at the fourth time he was driven out of the sambhoga (visambhogiyam karettaë).00
A survey of the officers of the church hierarchy and the units in the church may be said to reveal a somewhat unorganised state of Jaina Church, and no definite statements either of the qualifications or of the duties of the various officers as also the minimum number for the formation of the groups are to be found in the Anga texts.
Monastic Jurisprudence:
The monks were generally said to commit transgressions due to the following reasons. They did so either out of pride (dappa), or carelessness (pamāda), or inattention (anābhoge), or under influence of bodily pangs (äüre), under calamities (avatī), or in a place which had a mixed group of heretics and others (sankinna), or due to unexpected circumstances (sahasakkara), or out of fear (bhaya) or hatred (paösa),61
Under all these circumstances, and normally as well, the monks who were of good conduct, good family, good caste and self-control reported or confessed their faults before the guru (alocana). The person before whom this alocana was to be done was one who himself was of a good conduct, and was able to expose the transgressor and make him confess his fault. In case the transgressor was unable to undergo the whole prayaścitta at one time, then the guru divided it into suitable periods. He also did not tell others the faults confessed by the transgressor before him.62
59. Smv. p. 21b.
60. Than. p. 139a; For such details, see, Smv. comm. pp. 22b, 23a; also p. 444a, where actions inimical to the acarya, upadhyaya, thera, kula, gana, sangha, and against the rules of naņa, damsana and caritta, made a monk liable for expulsion from the sambhoga.
61. Bhag. p. 919ab; Than. p. 484a. 62. Ibid.
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