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154
S. B. DEO
The first was committed when a monk harassed or condemned the ācārya or the ganadhara or the sacred canon, or had intimacy with a nun, or murdered the king or had illegal connections with the latter's queen.
The second was committed by a monk who was extremely careless regarding rules of food and sleep (pañcamanidrāpramādavān).
The third was done when the monk indulged in homo-sexuality.67
Besides these, masturbation, sexual intercourse, taking a night meal (rāibhoyaņa) and accepting food from the host or from a king were deemed as major faults (anugghātimā).68
The way of dealing with the transgressor who had again committed a fault while he was undergoing a punishment for a previous one, was called ‘ārovaņā”.69 In this case, it seems, the punishment was increased either by a month (māsiyā ārovaņā), or by thirty-five days, (sapañcarās māsiyā), or by forty days, or by two months, or by sixty-five days, or by three or four months. The maximum period was of six months. No details, however, regarding the faults under which this increase was made, or regarding the treatment given to the transgressor, are to be found.
The 'sañjoyaņā pāyacchitta' was prescribed in the case of the commitment of more than one transgression pertaining to one item: as for instance, committing two different transgressions regarding food.
The 'paliüñcana' was the confession of a fault with deceit, or the hiding of the real fault.70
The method of purifying the transgressor was called the 'parihāravisuddhi'.71 The commentator72 explains it as follows:
In a group of nine monks, four underwent the 'parihāra', the other four waited upon them (anuparihārika) and the ninth acted as the guru.
67. Ibid. comm. pp. 162b-164b. It may be noted that these explanations are based on the commentaries. The texts proper do not give such details. They only refer to the various punishments.
68. Ibid., comm. p. 162b; 311a. 69. Smv. p. 47b. Thān. pp. 199a-2006; 325a. 70. Ibid., pp. 1992-200b.. 71. Ibid., p. 167b; Bhag. 348b, 893b, 909a ff. 72. Bhag. comm. pp. 351-52; Thān. comm. p. 168ab.
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