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88
THE ESSENCE OF JAINA SCRIPTURES
(shubha), it leads to accumulation, generation or increase of punya (virtue, merit, righteousness, piousness). If the psychic-attention is evil or inauspicious (ashubha), it leads to accumulation or increase of sin or sinfulness (papa). In the absence of both, there is no accession, accumulation or increase of either (PS 156), i.e. bondage of punya papa karma (PS 156 JS).
and
When psychic-attention (upayoga) is influenced by attachment in the form of sanity or purifying effect (vishuddhi) or affliction, distress and morbidity (sanklesha), it is of a dual aspect, viz. good and evil. It is active as a cause of conjunction with other substances, which receive a double aspect of either merit and sin. However, when non-existence of this impure in both forms is effected, then only pure psychicattention remains. This is no cause of conjunction with any other substance (PS 156 AC).
The evolution of the self into infatuation (moha) and aversion (dvesh) is ashubha, while its evolution into attachment is both good (shubha) and evil (ashubha) since attachment has a dual role whereby it is imbued with either sanity having a purifying (vishuddhi) effect or is imbued with affliction, distress and morbidity (sanklesh) (PS 180 and 180 AC).
In Tattvartha Sutra, virtuous activities (punya) are also said to have a paradoxical dual nature/role of generating karmic influx and bondage as well as of inhibiting (samvara) of karmic influx (SAS commentary on TS 6.3, and 9.2.3).
In Purusharthasiddhyupaya (PSU 221) and in his commentary on Pravachanasara (PS 11), Amrtachandra has described the contradictory effects of good (shubha) psychic-attention by citing the example of hot clarified butter (ghee), which makes things delicious, but if ghee is heated by fire it also causes pain of burning. One should not, therefore, reach the wrong conclusion that contradictory effects occur simultaneously. Dual Role of Shubha
Shubha has a dual role in generating karmic influx and bondage as well as inhibiting (samvara) karmic influx, which in turn influences the purification of the self. This signifies that it is not to be blindly or indiscriminately adhered to. As a means to sensorial pleasures (PS 69 AC), it leads to misery (PS 76), if people having plenty of punya, resulting from shubha upayoga indistinguishably experience, like those
