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Appendix Concerning 47 Points of View
regarding the Self
What is this self? and how is it approached? As to this question, what has been stated is here restated.
In the first place, the self is one substance having endless properties, pervaded by the generality of consciousness”; because it is trustworthy known by self-experience (svanu-bhava), preceded by the valid-knowledge characterized as the scripture-knowledge pervaded by the infinitely-many points of view (naya), which in their turn pervade the infinitely numerous properties (dharma).
1. According to the method of substance”, (dravya-naya) it is only consciousness, like a simple piece of cloth.
2. According to the method of modification” (paryaya-naya) it is simply intuition, knowledge, etc., like the threads (constituting the cloth).
3. According to the method of considering (things) as existent (astitva-naya)”154 it is, as having its own (a) substance, (b) place, (c) time and (d) character, something possessing existence (astitvavat): like an arrow (a) consisting of iron, (b) placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) in the condition of insertion and (d) directed at the mark. (Similarly, the self consists of consciousness-as-such with respect to its own substances; it is placed in the physical universe with respect to its own place; it is having the form or mode existing in the present time with repect to its own time; and it is something of the nature of knowing things with respect to its own character).
4. According to the method of non-existence” (nastitva-naya) it is, with reference to (a) another substance, (b) its place, (c) its time, and (d) its character, something that possesses non-existence; like the
