________________
NOTES
409
and touch, all Brahmanic systems agree in taking sound for a quality; further the Vaisheshika-system teaches the accumulation-theory: the elements possess successively one quality more than the precedent one; and the Samkhya-darshan accepts the tan-matra-theory, holding that every element in its fine form only possesses one quality.
61 Jaini, Outline of Jainism, n. 10, p. 90, no. 30, "the conditions when some particles (pradeshas) of the soul expand and go out of the body and then come back to it, as in the case of the aharaka-body."
62 This seems to be in conflict with the fact that the material-atoms can be not only asamkhyeya, but also ananta. But we must remember that the Jaina system does not teach the impenetrability of matter; thus one infinitesimal-particle of space (akasha-pradesha) can hold an innumerable (asamkhyeya) or even endless (ananta) number of material-atoms (pudgalaparamanus). Cf. Tattva-dipika on PS 139, second paragraph. 63 The Sanskrit text of the gatha offers here a very strange anacolouthon, dharma-dharmabhyam atato lokah sheshau pratitya kalo, it is explained in the commentary, as if there kalena cha were read. By a simple emendation we can avoid this irregularity in the Prakrit text, namely by changing dhammadhammehi adado logo...kalo into dhammadhamme hi adade (nom. pl.) loge (locat, sing.)...kalo. The asyndeton here is hard, but not inconsistent with the style of the gathas.
64 One would have expected "the remaining five substances”.
65 In other words, there are innumerable time-streams in the world, which are situated in the infinitesimal-spacial-units of the souls and the material atoms. These time-streams exist without any adhesion (bandha) or commingling (samparka) with one another. They all have the same properties: their modifications are samayas (moments), nimishas (time required for raising the eyelids), etc. One such time-stream covers one pradesha and is therefore called a time-atom (kalanu). Thus a samaya is the shortest time-duration; a kalanu is one time-stream, considered in its spacial extension.
66 For the theory of cohesion cf. Tattvarthadhigama Sutra, V. 32-36. 67 Since there is no cohesion between the kalanus, it is rather surprising to find time mentioned in this context.
68 Substance, i.e. one soul-particle or one material-atom. Cf above, note 4. 69 Which powder, that is on the box being opened, perfumes the whole
room.
70
Pradeshodbhava is an inadequate expression of the author's intended thought, viz. pradeshatvodbhava. Cf. the last sentence of the commentary on the gatha.
