________________
NOTES
403
thus realized wears off naturally (vipaka-nirjara). (c) In the theory of the five bhavas (psychical states, H.V. Glasenapp, p. 52; cf. J.L. Jaini, Outline of Jainism, n.10, p. 50) we meet with the terms upashama (i.e. the subsidence of karman), kshaya (i.e. the annihilation of karman) and kshayopashamika-bhava (i.e. the partial annihilation and
the partial subsidence of obscuring matter. 13 Cf. Outline of Jainism, n.10 p. 113, paramarthika-pratyaksha. 14 The immateriality of the soul does not exclude its extension in space;
but its infinitesimal particles are exclusively called pradeshas, never anus
(atoms). 15 The three forces (bala) or powers (virya) are body, mind and speech.
Their use is called yoga. Outline of Jainism, n. 10, p. 82, no. 4;
Glasenapp, n. 9, p. 57. 16 Kakakshitara, the crow's eye-pupil, here metaphorically used for the
eyeball. Crows are popularly supposed to have only one eye, which, as occasion requires, moves from the cavity on one side into that on the
other. Jacobi, Handful of Popular Maxims, I, p. 18. 17 Pravachana-sara. ghadi khayam jada, i.e. ghatikarmani kshayam jatani.
The expression, grammatically incorrect and due to contamination, is
rightly paraphrased in the Tatparya-vrtti as kshayam gatani. 18 Bhavya and abhavya, qualified and not qualified refer to those who have
the capacity for liberation from samsara and those who do not have that
capacity; V. Glasenapp, n. 9, p. 79. 19 “Fire at the end of time,” i.e. the fire which consumes the world. 20 The general duties mentioned in this gatha are cognate with the
voluntary vows of the layman; Outline of Jainism, n. 10, p. 69. Compare puja (veneration) with samayika (first shiksha-vrata, or third pratima), dana (charity) with atithi-samvibhaga (third shiksha-vrata), upavasa
(fasting) with posadha (second shiksha-vrata or fourth pratima). 21 The substance-here, the soul-is considered to be the cause of its
properties. 22 Samayika, referring to the doctrine (equanimous] (samaya), devotional;
cf. samayika (as a noun), worship; Outline of Jainism, n.10, p. 69. 23 Cf. the theory of the Vaisheshikas. holding that elementary states of
conscience last one moment (kshana).
antardhana and antarhita, in the text, do not correspond in meaning. 25 Vasana: cf. the meaning of this term in Buddhistic philosophy. 26 According to the Jaina system of ethics, the stages towards perfection
are, 1. the absence of wrong belief (mithyatva), 2. the absence of incontinence (avirati), 3. the absence of heedlessness (pramada), 4. the
