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THE ESSENCE OF JAINA SCRIPTURES
of iron, (b) is not placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) is not in the condition of insertion, and (d) is not directed at the mark, and which, moreover, (a) consists and does not consist of iron, (b) is placed and is not placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) is and is not in the condition of insertion, and (d) is directed and is not directed at the mark.
9. According to astitva-nastitva-avaktavya-naya it is, with reference to (a) its own substance, (b) place, (c) time, and (d) character with reference to (a) the other substance, (b) strange place, (c) time, and (d) character, and with simultaneous reference to (a) its own and the other substance, (b) (its own and the strange) place, (c) time, and (d) character, something which possesses existence, does not possess existence and cannot be described; like the arrow [and that] of a previous time, which (a) consists of iron, (b) is placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) is in the condition of insertion, and (d) is directed at the mark, and which, moreover, (a) does not consist of iron, (b) is not placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) is not in the condition of insertion, and (d) is not directed at the mark, and which, finally, (a) consists and does not consist of iron, (b) is placed and is not placed in the interspace of string and bow, (c) is and is not in the condition of insertion, and (d) is directed and is not directed at the mark.
10. According to "the method of alternation" [or alternate thought constructions] (vikalpa-naya) it is something with alternative forms; like the single person who is child, youth and old man.
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11. According to "the method of non-alternation" (a-vikalpa-naya) it is something without alternative forms; like the single person simply. 12. According to the "method of name" (nama-naya) it is something which is connected with the sacred word (sabda-brahman); like a thing itself.
13. According to "the method of representation of one thing by another" (sthapana-naya) it is something which rests on all its materialsubstances; like corporeality.
14. According to "the method of substance" (dravya-naya) it is something which exhibits itself in past and future modifications; like a shramana as a king and a boy as a merchant.
15. According to "the method of present state or condition" (bhavanaya) it is something which shows itself in the modification of a certain
