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THE ESSENCE OF JAINA SCRIPTURES
29. According to the method of non-nature” (a-svabhava-naya) it is something for which manipulation is necessary; like an arrow, which is sharp after having been whetted by the ironsmith.
30. According to the method of (proper) time” (kala-naya) it has its effectuation dependent on the (proper) moment; like the mango fruit, which ripens in accord with summer days.
31. According to the method of not (proper) time” (a-kala-naya) it has its effectuation not dependent on a (proper) moment; like the mango fruit, brought to ripeness by artificial heat.
32. According to the method of human effort” (purushkara-naya) it has its effectuation brought about by effort; like those who maintain human effort in the case of the madhu-kukkuti (fruit of the citrontree) obtained by human effort.
33. According to the method of fortuitnusness” (daiva-naya) it has its effectuation not brought about by effort; like those who maintain the fortuitousness of the ruby found in the citron-tree without "human effort.”
34. According to the method of Providence” (ishvara-naya) it is something which enjoys in dependence on something else; like a traveller's child forcibly suckled by a nurse.
35. According to the method of denying Providence" (un-ishvaranaya) it is something which enjoys independently; like a lion tearing antelopes at will.
36. According to the method of the thing with quality" (guni-naya) it is something that receives a quality; like a boy educated by a teacher.
37. According to the method of the thing without quality” (a-guninaya) it is something that is merely a witness; like the spectator of the boy educated by the teacher..
38. According to the method of the agent” (kartr-naya) it is something which is the agent of such evolutions as dye-stain by the dyer.
39. According to “the method of the non-agent” (a-kartr-naya) it is something which is merely a witness; like a spectator of the dyer engaged upon his work.
40. According to the method of the experiencer” (bhoktr-naya) it is something which experiences pleasure, pain, etc.; like a sick person who enjoys agreeable and disagreeable food.
41. According to the method of the non-experiencer” (a-bhoktr
