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INTRODUCTION
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that work being considered to be a work of Kundakunda. However, one must be cautious about both unnecessary additions/interpolations as well as misinterpretarions/distortions of Kundakunda's ideas in the commentaries of the works attributed to Kundakunda. Ahimsa Mandir Prakashan, Samayasara (New Delhi: Ahimsa Mandir, 1959), Introduction by A.N.Upadhye, English Translation of text by
Rajkrishna Jain, p. 1. 11 Ibid., p. 2.
Ibid., p.1. Ibid., p.2. See Jagdish Prasad Jain, The Art and Science of Self-Realization. Purushartha Siddhhyupaya of Amrtachandra Suri (New Delhi: Radiant Publishers,
2007), p. 26. 15 Upadhye, n. 3, p. 50. 16 Ibid., pp. 51-52. 17. Ibid., p. 48. 18 The concept of nirvana is discussed in detail by Kundakunda in his
work Niyamsara. See Jagdish Prasad Jain, Salvation through Self-discipline: Niyamsara of Kundakunda (New Delhi: Radiant Publishers, 2005),
verses 179-183. 19 See Fundamentals of Jainism, n. 9, pp. 201-202. 20 See Monier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary (Delhi: Motilal
Banarasidass, 1999), pp. 1082 and 310. 21 Jiva nikaya consists of six kinds of jivas (the five classes of earth-bodied,
etc. one-sensed (immobile) (sthavara) jivas and the mobile (trasa) jivas (living beings), having two to five senses, as also body, mind, etc., which includes animals and human beings. We also know that in Jain texts, both Digambara and Shvetambara there are no other jiva(s), other than the six classes of jiva, except liberated souls and it is these jiva-nikaya, none else, that are embodied and transmigrate in the world or are liberated. The liberated souls are different from them, but they are not meant here. If it were so, Kundakunda himself would have mentioned it or the
commentators would have referred to it. 22 See Sanskrit-English Dictionary, n. 20. 23 Upadhye, n. 3, p. 390. 24 W.J. Johnson, Harmless Souls (New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1995),
pp. 97-100. J.L. Jaini, ed. , Tattvartha Sutra by Umasvami (Delhi: Barrister Champat Rai Jain Trust, 1956), p. 39; Sarvarthsiddhi commentary on Tattvartha Sutra by Pujyapada, see S.A. Jain, Reality (Madras: Jvalamalini Trust,
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