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BOOK III: THE CONDUCT
353
(Tattvarthadhigama Sutra, IX. 18, samayika-samyama as first kind of samyama) self-restraint.
When in respect to these the shramana is remiss because, while established in the indispensable samayika self-restraint, he has not practised the branches, then, reflecting that “for one who desires simply gold sometimes an earring, a bracelet, a ring and so forth are good: he cannot on all occasions have (merely) gold,” he corrects himself by one of the branches and so is a corrector of negligences.
Now by giving information concerning the different kinds (vikalpa) of teachers (acharya), he shows that, like the giver of ordination, the corrector of negligences is another person (para):
III.10. In the adoption of the marks the giver of ordination is called guris the other shramana who give advice as to correction (upasthapaka) of the faults are niryapakas. (210)
Since that teacher who, at the time of the adoption of the marks, effects ordination by teaching indispensable self-restraints is the guru, and, since, on the other hand, the teacher who later by expounding the self-restraint of correction of negligences (chedopasthapana)123 in regard to the branches (vikalpa) corrects in respect of negligences, and also the teacher who, when a negligence exists, corrects by teaching the way of repairing (pratisamdhana) the omission, is a niryapaka, therefore the corrector of negligences is another.
Now he teaches the way of repairing (pratisamdhana) a neglected self-restraint:
III.11. When a shramana commits a negligence in a bodily activity earnestly undertaken, then an action, combined with self-reflection and confession of fault (alochana) is prescribed for him. (211)
III.12. When a shramana practised negligence (of mental intent), then he must approach a shramana expert in the doctrine of the Jina, and after self-reflection confess (alochana) his fault before him and do what is advised. (212)
There are two kinds of negligences in self-restraint, external and internal. That which relates only to bodily action is external; that which relates to psychic-attention is internal. If in the course of an earnestly undertaken bodily activity of a shramana properly intent there somehow occurs an external negligence, then, since it is altogether clear of internal negligence, the reparation is by an action, accompanied by reflection. But, when the same person, inasmuch as the negligence
