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BOOK II: THE PRINCIPLE OF KNOWLEDGE
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worked even without me as a worker. Hence, having shaken off partiality to their being things worked by me, I am absolutely neutral. Nor I am instigator of unconscious substance which is independent worker of body, voice and mind: these, in fact, are worked even without me as instigator of that which works them. Hence, having shaken off partiality to being instigator of what works them, I am absolutely neutral. Nor am I approver of unconscious substance which is independent worker of body, voice and mind: they, in fact, are worked even without me as approver. Hence, having shaken off partiality to being approver of that which works them, I am here absolutely neutral.
Now he ascertains body, voice and mind to be other substance:
11.69. Body, mind and voice are declared to consist of material substance: material substance, again, is a mass of subtlemost particles of material substances (paramanu dravyanam pindhah). (161)
Body, voice and mind, all three, are other substance, because they consist of material substance. And they are material substance, because they are ascertained to have an existence of characteristic form which is the individual mark of material substance. Now such material substance is an evolution, in the modification of a single mass, of more than one sub-atomic (paramanu) substance: because, despite the plurality of the existences of characteristic form which are the individual marks of the plural sub-atomic (paramanu) substances, in a way they appear as an unity.
Now he establishes that the self is not other substance and not what acts upon other substance:
11.70. I am not composed of matter, nor is material substance made by me into a mass. Therefore I am neither the body, nor the maker or active agent (karta) of that body. (162)
As to this other substance, called body, comprising the pair, voice and mind, which in this section has been made out as consisting of matter, I am not it, because there is incompatibility in me, not composed of matter, being body, which consists of matter. Nor am I what works the body, whether by way of cause, or by way of agent, or by way of instigation of the agent, or by way of approver of the agent, because it is in every way incompatible that I, not agent of the evolution of plural material substance in its modification as a single mass, should be agent of the body, which consists in an evolution of
