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THE ESSENCE OF JAINA SCRIPTURES
that all the kinds of matter possess the fourfold set of qualities, touch, etc. For we see that the same material-components which give rise to (a) the moon-stone, (6) the fire-stick and (c) the barley-corn, which possess the fourfold set of qualities, touch, etc., in manifest-form (vyakta), likewise originate (a) water (read ab-jyotir or ap-pradyotir instead of apradyotir) with unmanifest smell, (6) light with unmanifest smell and taste, and (c) the wind in the stomach with unmanifest smell, taste and colour.
And the fact that some quality in some circumstances possesses sometimes a manifest as well as a not-manifest-form, dependent upon a manifoldness of incidental evolutions, is not opposed to the innate nature of an eternal substance.
Let it be then that sound is a modification of matter. Now he mentions the qualities of the other incorporeal substances:
II.41. The function of space is giving room; the dharma-substance is cause of motion; the substance opposite to dharma has for quality the effecting of rest; (133)
II.42. The quality of time is the rolling-on (of events) (vartana); the manifestation of consciousness or psychic-attention is said to be the quality of self. Thus, in short, you should know the qualities of the substances devoid of corporeality. (134)
The typical-quality of space is to be the cause of giving universally and simultaneously room to all substances.
That of dharma to be at once a cause of movement to all souls and material-components possessing movement as evolution.
That of adharma to be at once a cause of rest to all souls and material-components possessing rest as evolution.
That of time to be a cause of the fact that all other substances without exception occur according to their modification in a certain moment (samaya).
That of soul to be an evolution of consciousness.
Thus in this concise enumeration of typical-qualities there is proofof-existence (linga) of the incorporeal-substances.
The fact of providing a common room (avagaha) for all substances at the same time, since by reason of non-omnipresent it does not belong to any other substance, suffices to prove space.
The fact of causing at one moment, as far as the universe reaches, the movements of all souls and material-components which are evolving
