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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
midnji, chief; dádá, grandfather, elder; manglámukhá, merry-faced.
(3.) Barbers: rájá, king; thakur, lord; khalifa, ruler.
(4.) Leather-workers: Ráodás, follower of Ravidas; jama'dúr, chief; mehtar, lord; Ramdassia, follower of Gurû Ram Dâs; Raghubansid, descendant of Raghbîr the Bhagat.
(5.) Publicans and distillers: Ahluwalia, of the Raja of Kapurthala's family; mehtar, lord. (6.) Carriers, porters: chaudhri, headman; painch, headman; mehrá, effeminate.
(7.) Bards: shekh, venerable; với or ráo, royal.
(8.) Religious mendicants: bhai, friend; shah, king; dádá, elder.
(9.) Labourers: chaudhri, headman: ráth, fearless.
(15.) Potters: parjápat, creator.
(16.) Carpenters: Ramgarhia, of the Râm. garhiâ family; mistri, foreman; thekadár, contractor.
(17.) Gardeners: chaudhri, headman. (18.) Water-carriers: bahishti, heavenly jama'dár, chief.
(19.) Skilled workmen, artizans: mistri, fore
(32.) Clerks; pandit, learned; maulvi, doctor; munshi, teacher; bábu, gentleman.
(33.) Brahmans: thakur, lord; rikhs, saint; mahitá, headman; dádá, elder; missar, respectable; pandit, learned.
There is another custom to be mentioned in this connection which I believe is current all over India. If any member of a family particularly distinguishes himself either by office or in any other way, he frequently bequeaths the title he has gained for himself to all his descendants, even if these come afterwards to be of humble station. Carmichael Smyth (Reigning Family of Lahore, Append. ii) says: "In mentioning a Sing (Sikh) it is the usual custom to add or mention likewise either the name of his village, district, occupation, or
(10.) Shoemakers: mehtar, lord. (11.) Tailors: khalifa, raler.
(12.) Cooks; khalifa, ruler.
(13.) Dancing-girls: manglamukhi, merryfaced.
(14.) Grooms: sais, nobleman; bhagat, saint; family, by which he may be distinguished from painch, headman. any other of the same name, thus Futty Sing Alloowalla, (Fatteh Singh Ahlûwâliâ) &c."
Instances of such honorific family distinctions about Firozpûr are Pir, given to a Pathan family of Kasûr, once celebrated for its sanctity; Rai to another in remembrance of this title being conferred for one life only by the British Government in honour of a large inn or Sarâi built by the head of it in the last generation. Diwán because one of the family is now a Diwân of a native State. Wazir is in remembrance of the former grandeur of an old Musalmân family. The Hakim family are so called because of a famous "doctor" of the last generation. Faqir is the soubriquet, title or surname of a well
(22.) Market-gardeners: mahir, headman. (23.) Valets, sardár, chief.
(24. Greengrocers: mahir and mahrá, chief, known and influential Lahor family of fame headman.
(25.) Poets: shah, king.
(26.) Old men bare midi, venerable, rever
during the time of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh." Sometimes this goes further and whole communities are called after some real or supposed common ancestor, as the Pirzâdâs of Sadhanra
end.
(27) Timber merchants, bawd, father, or de- in the Ambâlâ District, the descendants of the scendant of a Sikh guru. saint Shah Kumê.
(28.) Masons: mistri, foreman; thekadár, contractor.
man.
(20.) Smiths; mistri, foreman.
(21.) Milkmen mahir, headman; råth, fearless.
[MAY, 1882.
(29.) Tradesmen: bhát, friend; lálá, cherished.
1think Grant Duff mentions somewhere in his History of the Mahrattas that the family of the unfortunate Afrül Khen, who was murdered by Sivaji at the ever memorable tragedy at Pratapgarh in 1757, still survives at Bijapur with the title or surname of Wazir.
(30.) Pedagogues, schoolmasters: khalifa, ruler; mián, chief.
(31.) Merchants: shah, king; seth, millionaire; lálá, cherished.
As might be expected from what has just been recorded, the great Panjâbî religious move
I believe in the neighbourhood of Kakinada, Masulipatam, and other old European stations, are to be found Tamil and Telugu families of natives bearing corruptions of European surnames. These are the descendants of the servants of former factors and writers, who have preserved in their families the names of their old employers.
