________________
AUGUST, 1882.]
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SIMHALESE GRAMMAK.
L AND R.
L for n in alut 'new,' from anukta; wal-vana, asal ásanna; I have not noticed for other dentals, perhaps however saela is derived from sasta, partic. of sas; n for l in naganawa, naegenawa, langh (for the modification of the meaning, comp. Pâli caus. and Gipsy uglidva ullangh and ughlidva avalangh, Mikl. II. 8); naguta 'tail' = lángula, Pâli nanguṭṭha; nagula 'plough' =lángala, Pâli nangala; nalala, forehead=laláta, J. P. nidala, K. S., Hem. I. 125.
=
L for dh in kulala, 'neck' kandhara, Ab. 263, kandará, Ját. 33, Mald. kadura.
L for m in verbal nouns, as gaenima, gaenuma yaenma, gaenilla, from gannawd (the old form is ikama ima, as in palisatarikama patisakariyakama senim, etc.) J. C. A. S. 1879, p. 24. L for r in gali, gala giri; chatalisa, hatalisa chatváriméat, Ilmasa for sisira (old hihila, 10th century, Nám. sihil); mala younger brother kumára, malu, Situlp., but malanuwan, S. M. A. 27, also infant,' Nám.; lanuwa 'string,' 'rope' rasand; kimbulit alligator,' Skt. kumbhtra, Pâli kumbhila; kola 'leaf,' perhaps koraka bud'; elesa, kelesa idrisa, kidrisa, Pråk. eriso, keriso. The appears here at least in lesa (inscr. 12th century). It is not unlikely that the Simhalese brought these words with them from India where they had begun to change r to l in the Magadhi fashion; wal war plural. (This is modern, therefore not cerebral.)
=
=
L for other cerebrals. Welu (later Wen, Kdvy. XII. 14, old for Vishnu) Nett.; gael Skt. gantri, etc. (cerebralization may have been given up previously, so in inscr. of the 10th century). Where the nature of the l is doubtful I have written according to etymology as hila hole' and in other cases as the only exception known to me is gael; I have adopted a different method, however, with I from r for the reasons above given.
L for kl in leḍa 'sick' for klishta either through apokope of k or through kilitṭho with apokope of the whole syllable.
R for y in nahara endyu, Pâli naháru, J. P. nháru, Bhag. 172; gaward gawayd.
SIBILANTS.
In most ancient Simhalese inscriptions we find two characters for s, but used indiscriminately, the common Indian s and F, the latter was given up before the Christian era.
We find s for chh and ksh. S for ksh (through chh, ch): maessd-Pali makkhiká, Prâkr. machchhia (Var); pasa paksha, Amb. A, 14, but pak, Amb. A, 4; wak, Amb. A, 45, 53; aesa 'eye' = akshi;
1 Gamwala, Kávy. XI. 2; hulwala, ib. XI. 34; ratawala ib. IX. 70; sandawala, ib. X. 123; ratawal, ib. XI. The old form war found in inscriptions down to the begin
sanda when,' Amb. A, 12 from kshana; senen, Amb. B, 30 (most probably also sal, Amb. A, 9, Nám. 35 is the same word), cf. J. P. achchhano; kusa = kukshi, Amb. A, 2, Gp. A. 7; walahi 'bear' vana+riksha (see above); sulu'small' kshudra (more common nom. is kuda); sudasa = sudaksha, Amb. A, 43; semehi, Gp. B. 7 from kshamá; semen slowly,' S. S. I. modern hemin = kshemena, Pâli khamá.
G
=
8 for ch, chh, is common enough, later it changed into h (which see): us 'high' uchchu; site = chintayitva P. P. 9; gos gachchi, i... gatvá cf. chichchi, bhochchá, Ks. Hem. II, 15, Pâli chachchara, Ját. I. 425; anasak = ájnáchakra, S. M. A. 22; pasu paschát; nisa nischaya, P. P. 19; pasakkaemiya, passehi (?) Amb. A, 21. P. P. 43; winisa winischaya, P. P. 23; nisal = nischala, D. I. 2; sat = chhattra, Amb. A, 3; pas pañcha, Amb. A, 54, cf. panssivása, Cunn. 98; gas plural of gachchha, Amb. A, 50, 4b. 540; ruswd ruchitvá, Amb. A, 6, cf. Hem. I. 193; siwur chivara, Amb. A, 10, B, 16; siyu= chatvar, Amb. A, 9, old satarak, Amb. B. 34; suwisi, Amb. B, 20; sey or scé chaitya, Amb. B. 51; sirit: = charitra, Mah. B. Amb. A, 6, 19; kos
koncha (cf. koggala and koswalihiniya) Ab. 644; tirisana tirachchhána; sapu champaka, Amb. B, 37; sakwiti chakrawartti, Gp. A.4; asiri
décharya, Nám. 69, K. J. 68, J. P. achchheru, Hem. I. 58; waesikiliya vachchakuți, Ab. 212.
S for j in parasatu parijata, Nám. 21, Kary. XI. 38; lakus = lakuja, Núm. 124; musnú sammujjant, Ját. 161.
=
S for ty in pasos pratyusha, Amb. A, 9; pasuk = pratyeka, Amb.; kisa kṛity, Prakrit kichchi. Hem. I. 128; tisae = tritya; tritiya, Amb. B. 30, cf. J.P.tachcha; pasaya pratyaya, L. V.K. B. Gp. A. 23, J. P., pattiya, later pasa, P. P. 27, 33: sakasd sanskritya, P. P. 31; pasak pratyaksha, (P), 104, 16, Amb. A, 12; nisa nitya, S. L. 44, Gutt. 177; malas = malati, Amb. A, 38, B, 34; 808 = satya, Kávy. 128, S. L. 24.
=
=
=
219
=
=
S for ts in mas= matsya, cf. chikisá, inscriptions of Kap. Dhauli, Jaug. 9, Cunn. 67. Påli tikichchha.
S for él in sema 'phlegm' éleshman.
H for k in pahala prakasa karanu, K. J. 54, Nám. 232; (pahala, P. P. 42, S. L. 50), kinihiri kanikára, Mah. II. 180; duhul dukála, Nám. 172. through dugulla, cf. Hem. I. 186; paliha = phalaka; muhula = mukulita, K. J. 73, Nám. 167. Gutt. 31; ahasa = akába.
=
H for ch, 8, 8, in daha dasa, cf. dahanahan, Bhag. 298, dahamuho, Hem. I. 262; behet = ning of the 13th century, was still known to the author of the NAmavaliya, see ukuluwara of the hips, Nam. 159. pereliwar, Amb. A, 38, dúrar, ib. A, 44, etc.
