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78
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[MARCH, 1880
lands in the newly occupied country were 9. Kottai Perumi 1,-Is said to have divided, rent free, amongst the temples and founded Kottaikolam, the modern Calicut. a few Brahmaņ proprietors called thence “Jan- 10. Munda Peramal. mis." These had each a large number of 11. Yailia Pêra mál. tenants or dependents, and at first established 12. Kumbum Perumal. an aristocratic form of Government, till the 13. Vijayam Perumal,- Is said to have rapid increase in the numbers of the colony and built Kulam then called Vaddakenkolam. the dissensions amongst the chiefs rendered it 14. Valuvam Perumal,-Derived his necessary to instal a supreme executive officer. appellation from his constant tours through About B. c. 60' a great congress was held, when the country. it was agreed that a governor or Pêrumál 15. Arechend ron Pêrnmál, H18 should be sent for from the neighbouring king successor early disappeared. He built the Fort of dom of Chêda, comprising Koimbatur and Puraviyamalla. parts of Málabâr and Travankor. Each viceroy 16. Mallam Péru na 1,--Traced his was restricted to a rule of 12 years only. lineage from the Madara kings.
List of some of the Perumál Princes who 17. Kolashagara Pêra mål. reigned in Malayalam, 8c. :
18 Chéraman PerumA1,He made 1. Kaya Peruma 1,-Died before the Tiruwanjekolam his residence and encouraged expiration of the prescribed time.
commerce. A Saiva temple there perpetuates 2. 'Shola Perumâ 1,-- Assassinated by a his memory. Brâhman, who, with his associates, were expelled The Perumals had their capital at Kranganor their tribe, and their descendants are called or Kodungal ûr, and preserved the tributary Nambidaimars.
relation to the Tamil kingdom, till the fourth 3. Pån di Perumal,-Described as an century after Christ, when the last Chéraman enterprising female who reigned under this Pêrumal made himself independent. The Jews name. She resigned her government.
and Syrian Christians had received the protec4. V Anam Peruma1,-Described as tion of the Pôrumal as refugees and traders, having been converted to the Buddhist faith, and probably helped him to throw off the yoke and retired to Makka.
of his sovereign. 5. Tulu Perumal,-The division of Ma- Before the retirement of Chêraman Pérumal layalam into four provinces took place in the to Makka as a Buddhist (?) in A.D. 379, he reign of this chief.
divided his dominions amongst his relatives and 6. Inderam Perumal,-Subdivided the dependants. The Râjas of Cochin are the descencountry; the north he called Tulunad, the south dants of the Perumal in the Maramakkatayom Malayalam, and directed that the inhabitants of line, and as such were entitled to the paramount each should confine their alliances to those be- position in Malabar. They were crowned at longing to their own particular tract.
Ponâni in the presence of the other Rajas till 7. Aria Perumâ l, -During the reign of that town was forfeited successively to the this chief the country underwent a third change, Samorin of Calicut, the Sultan of Maisur, and from Gokarna to Perampalli it was called lastly to the British Government. Tulunad ; thence to Pothupatnam, Koraļa Raj; From the native annals of Malabar and their thence to Kaniath, Muthagankd ; and thence to own traditions, it appears that ten thousand Kanya Kumari, Kuvala Raj; each province was Jews arrived on the coast shortly after the desuperintended by a Daledderi or Brâhmaņstraction of the second temple and the final Councillor.
desolation of Jerusalem. It is supposed that 8. Kuna Perumal.
some seven thousand settled at once on a spot
This period is called the Arichawattam or state of misrale. ED. "Some fix this about A. D. 200.-ED.
The native History of Kerals appears to indicate more nationally that he became a Muhammadan; but if so, he must be placed very much later in the list. After mentioning the arrival in MAlaber of Mar Såpbor and Mar Aphrotta, the native Syrian Christian Brief History states that at that time the Jows and Arabe in this
country were at war. We and the Jews were allies. The Arabs commenced the wardestroyed a city-alew the two R&jas Vilyanvattale, and burnt their bodies." Whitehouse's Lingerings of Light, pp. 54, 806; conf. Madras Jour. Lit. Soc. vol. II. p. 71-ED. • Whitehouse's Lingerings of Light, pp. 2, 8.-ED.
Others give A. D. $25 for this date. ED. . This is quite fabulous, see ante. vol. III. p. 383.-E.
