Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 03 Khand 02

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035246/1

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zrI yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALA, dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara, Tahaeheae-2eo : pke 3004846

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3653 saMkSipta jaina itihaas| tR0 bhAgaH dvi0 khaMDa lekhaka:bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina sAhityamanISI alIgaMja, ettaa| "digaMbara jaina" ke 31 ve varSakA upahAra pranyA - ya ki prakAzaka PAra blh YMENT

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seTha kisanadAsamI kApar3iyA smAraka graMthamAlA naM. 2 saMkSipta jaina itihaas| bhAga 3-khaNDa 2 [ dakSiNa bhAratake jainadharmakA itihAsa ] vibhAga1-madhyakAlIna khaMDa- pallava aura kadaMba raajvNsh| 2-gaMga raajvNsh| 3-tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / lekhakabA. kAmatAprasAda jaina sAhityamanISI ema. Ara. e. esa., sampAdaka, "vIra" aura jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, alIgaMja (eTA) prakAzakamUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA, mAlika, digambara jainapustakAlaya, kApaDiyAmAna-sUrata / FOneioso In murata nivAsI svargIya seTha kisanadAsa pUnamacandajI kApaDiyAke smaraNArtha " digambara jaina" ke 13 varSake grAhakoMko bheTa / 100000000000000HUDHAIDUADIUMBINI prathamAvRtti [prata 1000 vIra saM0 2464 mUlya-eka rupyaa|

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HE do zabda / BAR "kSipta jaina itihAsa" ke tRtIya bhAgakA yaha dUsaga khaNDa pATha. koko bheMTa karate huye mujhe harSa hai| isa khaNDameM dakSiNa bhAratake katipaya pramukha rAjavaMzo, jaise pallava, kAdamba, gaMga adikA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| sAtha hI una vaMzoke gajAoke zApanakATameM bainadharmakA kyA astitva rahA thA, yaha bhI pAThaka ipameM avalokana kareMge / mere khayAnase yaha racanA jaina-sAhitya hI nahIM, balki bharatIya hindIsAhityameM apane DhaMgakI pahalI racanA hai aura isameM hI isakA mahatva hai| mujhe jahAMtaka jJAta hai, hindI meM zAyada hI koI aisA aitihAsika prantha hai, jisameM dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjavaMzo vizada varNana milatA ho| isa itihAsake agale khaNDa meM pAThakagaNa dakSiNake anya pramukha rAjavaMzocAlukya, rASTrakUTa, hoyasaLa ityAdikA paricaya pddh'eNge| aura isa prakAra dono baNDoke pUrNata: prakaTa honepara dakSiNa bhAratakA eka prAmANika itihAsa hindImeM prApta hosakegA, jisase hinIke itihAsa-zAsakI eka hada taka sAsI pUrti hogii| yadi vidvAnoko yaha racanA rucikara aura prAya huI, to maiM apane parizramako saphala hubhA samajhUgA / antameM maiM una mahAnubhAvokA AbhAra svIkAra karanA bhI apanA kartavya samajhatA hUM jinase mujhe isa itihAsa-nirmANameM kisI na kisI rUpameM sahAyatA milI hai| vizeSataH maiM una pranya-kartAo upakRta hai jinake pranyose maiMne sahAyatA lI hai| unakA nAmollekha bhaTaga eka saMketasUcImeM kara diyA hai| unake sAtha hI meM zrI. ke. bhunabalI zAstrI, adhyakSa janasiyAMta bhavana ArA e adhyakSa, impIriyala lAyabrerI kala. kattAkA bhI bhAmArI hUM jinhoMne apane bhavanose Avazyaka pranya uvAra dekara mere kAryako sugama banA diyA / antata: seTha mUlacanda kisanadArabI kApariyAko dhanyavAda diye vinA bhI maiM raha nahIM sakatA, kyoki unakI kapAkA pariNAma hai ki yaha pranya itanA jaldI pracArameM bhArahA hai| aliigNj| vinItatA0 3-10-18 kAmatAmasAda jain|

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.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . ..... .......... ....... . ................................ .... . ..... . r ...............................nu . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . ...... ..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . www.umaragyanbhandar.com svargIya seTha kisanadAsa pUnamacandajI kApaDiyA prkaashk| smAraka granthamAlA naM0 2 vIra saM0 2460 meM hamane apane pUjya pitAjIke aMta samaya para 2000) isa liye nikAle the ki isa rakamako sthAyI rakhakara usakI mAyameMse pUjya pitAjIke smaraNArtha eka sthAyI graMthamAlA nikAlakara usakA sulabha pracAra kiyA jAya / isa prakAra isa smAraka pranthamAlAkI sthApanA vIra saM0 2462 meM kI gaI aura usakA prathama grantha "pAtatoddhAraka jaina dharma" prakaTa karake 'digambara jaina ' ke 29 veM varSake prAhakoMko bheTa kiyA gayA thA aura isa mAlAkA yaha dUsarA prantha "saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" tIsare bhAgakA dUsarA khaMDa prakA kiyA jAtA hai aura yaha bhI 'digambara jana' ke 31veM mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, aisI hI aneka smAraka graMthamAlAeM jaina samAjameM sthApita varSake grAhakoMko bheTa diyA jAtA hai / hoM aisI hamArI hArdika bhAvanA hai| Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ... . .

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= nivedn| = digambara jaina samAjameM alIgaMja (eTA) nivAsI zrI. bAbU kAmatAprasAdanI jaina eka aise anoDa vyakti haiM jo apanA jIvana prAcIna jaina itihAsake saMkalana meM hI lagA rahe haiM aura usake kAraNa apane svAsthyakI bhI pAvA nahIM karate haiN| Apake sampAdana kiye hue bhagavAna mahAvIra, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha, bha. mahAvIra va ma0 buddha, paMcaratna, navaratna, satyamArga, patitoddhAraka jainadharma, digambaratva va di0 muni, vIra pAThAvali, aura saMkSipta jaina itihAsa pra0 da0 va tIsarA bhAga (pra. khaMDa) toprakaTa hocuke haiM aura yaha saMkSipta jaina itihAsa tIsarA bhAga - dUsarA khaMDa prakaTa karate hue hameM atIva harSa hotA hai hama aura sArA jaina samAja ApakI ina kRtiyoM ke liye sadaiva AbhArI rheNge| isake tIsare bhAgakA tIsarA khaNDa bhI Apa tayAra kara rahe haiM jo bahuta karake AgAmI varSa meM prakaTa kiyA jAyagA isa graMthakI kucha pratiyAM vikrayArtha bhI nikAlI gaI haiM, AzA hai usakA zIghra hI pracAra ho jAyagA / nivedaka:vIra saM0 2464. / mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, mAzvina mudI 14.) -prakAzaka / "jainavijaya " prinTiga presa, gAMdhIcauka,-sUratameM mRlacama kisanadAsa kApaDiyAne mudrita kiyaa|

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sNketaakssr-suucii| isa pranya nirmANameM nimnalikhita pranyose sadhanyavAda sahAyatA prahaNa kI gaI haiahiI-bhI hisTrI oNva iMDiyA, smithakRta (caturthAvRtti ) / AiI0-ArIjiraka inhaibITenTsa oNpha iMDiyA, oNpaTaMkRta / o0-ojhA abhinandana prantha (hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga ) / iA-enubhala bichoprephI oNva iMDiyana oNlaoNjI (lIDana ) / ikA-ipIprephiyA karnATekA ( baMgalora ) / kali0-hisTrI oNva kanairIz2a liTrecara (Heritage of India Series) gaGgA-ema. vI. kRSNakRta dI gaMgaja oNSa talakADa (madrAsa ). gaiba0-bhANDArakara, gaijeriyara oNva bombe prejIDeMsI (laMdana ). jamIsA-jarnala oNva dI mIdhika sosAiTI (beMgalora ) / jaisAI. esa. A. zarmA, jainIjama ina sAutha iMDiyA jaizisaM0-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (mANikacandra di0 bana graMthamAlA ) / jaihi-jaina hitaiSI (bambaI ) / didimu0-digambarasva aura digambara muni ( ambAlA ) / mamaiprAsmA0-mAgha maikSara prAcIna jaina smAraka ( marata) maiku0-isa kRta maisUra eNDa kuga phraoNma iMsakripazansa / radhA0-rasnakaraNa zrAvakAcAra (mA0 pr0)| lAmAilAlA lAjapayagaya kRta 'bhAratakA itihAsa' (laahaur)| susAija0) sadIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainIjma / hari0-harivaMzapurANa (klkttaa)| noTa--vizeSake liye mA0 3 khaNDa / dekho|

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zuddhAzuddhipatra / azuddha pRSTha paMkti zuddha vijayanagara pAMDya pallana 11 bahana vijayananara pAvya pakSa patana samUhakka senApati zvetapatra saghAdhuo 17 samUhakA senApati zvetapaTa sAdhuoM jaina kSatriyoM amita ho rAjamala par3A, jo chatriyoM atima hogamala udyoga parApta udyota pagasta eka bauddha maThama akAdazajya dughahana pakA buTuTa 14 tutuva nAmaka 159 meM parAjaya Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat makarada rAjya dulahana pallava buTuga tuluva nAmaka rAtrA 20 154 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSayasUcI / viSaya naM0 7-9 9-10 1 - dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina dharmakA itihAsa 2- madhyakAlIna khaMDa- palava aura kadaMba rAjavaMza... pallA utpatti, rAjanaitika paristhiti, mahendravarmana nasAMga, kAMcImeM jaina dharma, pallava rAjA pallava kalA, kalA, pAMDyarAja ... colarAjA, kadaMba rAjavaMza, mayUrazarmA kaMzuvarmA, kAkusthavarmA, zAMtivarmA mRgezavarmA, ravivarmA, harivarmA 11-15 16-19 20-21 21-22 23-25 ... karaMbavaMza patana, zAsana praNAlI, kadaMba rAjA jaina sampradAya, di0 jaina yApanIya saMgha, saMghakI sthiti 31-32 itara sampradAya, tatkAlIna jaina dharma 3- gaMga rAjavaMza ... ... ... ... Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ... ... ... ... kodezake rAjA, siMhanaMdya cArya, koguNavame kiriya mAdhava, harivarmA, viSNugopa, avinIta durvinIta, muSkara, zrIvikrama... bhUvikrama, zivamAra, zrI puruSa rAThaura se yuddha, zivamAra, mArasiMha didiga, pRthivIpati, rAjamalla nItimArga, dvi0 rAjamalla, yuvarAja buTuga.... dvi0 nItimArga, tR0 rAjamalla, dvi0 mArasiMha cAmuNDarAya, rakkasagaMga, gaMgarAjA di0 jainAcArya, pAtra kezarI, pUjyapAda devanandI, dharma saMkaTa, ajitasenAcArya... malliSeNAcArya, jainAgAra, aprahAra, jainamata kanaDI sAhitya, mahAkavi pampa, mahAkavi ponna mahAkavi ratna, AcAravicAra, zilpakalA... jaina maMdira, jaina stambha, vIrakala, beha, gomaTamUrti ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 37-40 41-43 44-47 48-49 51-57 58-59 62-64 65-60 72-86 99-101 113-116 117-121 123-125 126-129 138 - 139 www.umaragyanbhandar.com ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 ... ... ... pRSTha 1 6 ... 34 36

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(6) 4-tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza ... nolaMba, siMhapota, polala mahendra ayyapa, dilIpa, jinadattarAya ... sAMtAravaMzake rAjA, caMgAlana... paMcava, attarAditya, kogalya ... ... jIbhUtavAhana, zrIvijaya, elina rAjavaMza 144 144-45 146-47 148-53 154-55 ... 161-62 zraddhAJjali! zrImAn paM0 yugalakizorajI mukhtAra-sarasAvA kI sevAmeM yaha tuccha racanA unakI aitihAsika pragati aura ullekhanIya zodha ko lakSya karake sAdara samarpita hai| --kaamtaaprsaad|

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zrI zravaNabelagolAmeM indragiristhitazrI gomaTTasvAmIjI (baahubliisvaamiijii)|

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BOOK EXCA zrI zravaNabelagolAke mukhya maMdirakI - prAcIna pratimAe~ /

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OM namaH siddhebhyH| saMkSipta jaina itihaas| (bhAga 3 khaNDa 2) dakSiNa bhAratake jainadharmakA itihAsa / jinendra bhagavAn dvArA pratipAdita dharma lokameM jainadharmake nAmase prasiddha hai aura usa mataka mAnanevAloMko loga jainI kahate haiN| yaha ThIka hai, parantu isake atirikta yaha anumAna karanA ki jainadharmakA abhyudaya karIba do DhAI haz2Ara varSa pahale bha0 mahAvIra varddhamAna dvArA humA thA, bilkula galata hai| jainadharma eka prAcIna

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2 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aura svatantra dharma hai / vaha vaidika aura bauddha matoM se bhinna hai / usake mAnanevAle bhAratameM eka atyanta prAcIna kALase hote mAye haiM / bhAratakA prAcInatama purAtatva isa vyAkhyAkA samarthaka hai; kyoMki usameM jainatvako pramANita karanevAlI sAmigrI upalabdha hai / 'saMkSipta jaina itihAsa' ke pUrva mArgo meM isa viSayakA sapramANa spaSTIka raNa kiyA jAcukA hai; isaliye usI viSayako yahAM duharAnA vyartha hai / usapara dhyAna denekI eka khAsa bAta yaha hai ki jainadharma vastusvarUpa mAtra hai - vaha eka bijJAna hai / aisA kaunasA samaya ho sakatA jisameM jainadharmakA astitva tAtvika rUpameM na rahA ho ? vaha sarvajJa sarvadarzI mahApuruSoM kI 'dena' hai, jo tIrthaGkara kahalAte the / isa kAla meM aise pahale tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva the / isa yugameM unhoMne hI sarva prathama sabhyatA, saMskRti aura dharmakA pratipAdana kiyA thA / unakA pratipAdA huA dharma uttara bhArata ke sAtha hI dakSiNa bhArata meM pracalita ho gayA thaa| jaina evaM svAdhIna sAkSIse yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmma eka atyanta prAcInakAla se phailA huA thA / paMcapANDavoM ke samaya meM usa dezameM tIrthaGkara bhariSTanemikA vihAra hone ke kAraNa jainadharmmakA acchA abhyudaya huA thA / ina saba bAtoMko jijJAsu pAThaka mahodaya isa itihAsake pUrva khaNDa ( bhA0 3 khaNDa 1 ) meM avalokana karake manastuSTi kara sakate haiM / usa khaNDa ke pAThase unheM yaha bhI jJAta ho jAyagA ki vindhyAcala parvata ke uparAnta samUcA dakSiNa pradeza aitihAsika ghaTanAoMkI bhinnatAke kAraNa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA hai / *

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dakSiNa bhAratake jainadharmakA itihAsa / [ 3 vastutaH sudUra dakSiNa bhAratakI aitihAsika ghaTanAyeM bindhyAcalake nikaTavartI dakSiNastha bhArata se bhinna rahI haiM / isI vizeSatAko lakSya karake dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAsakI rUparekhA do vibhinna AkRtiyoMmeM upasthita kI jAtI haiM / kintu eka bAta hai ki yaha bhinnatA bijayanagara sAmrAjyakALa ( I0 14 vIM se 16 vIM zatAbdi ) ke pahale pahale hI milatI hai; uparAnta donoM bhAgoM kI aitihAsika dhArAyeM milakara eka ho jAtI haiM aura taba unakA itihAsa nabhinna ho jAtA hai / mAgeke pRSToMmeM pAThaka mahodaya dakSiNa bhAratake madhyakAlIna itihAsakA abalokana kreNge| pahale, sudUravartI dakSiNa bhArata ke itihAsa meM vaha pallavoM, kAdamba, cola aura gaGga vaMzoMke rAjAoM kA varNana pddh'eNge| unakI zrIvRddhiko cAlukyoMne hataprama banA diyA thA / cAlukyagaNa dakSiNa pathase Age bar3hakara cera, cola aura pANDya dezoMke adhikArI huye the aura unake pazcAt rASTrakUTavaMza ke rAjAoMkA mabhyudaya huA thaa| ve cAlukyoMkI taraha gujarAtase lagAkara TheTha dakSiNa bhArata taka zAsanAdhikArI the / rASTrakUToM kA parama sahAyaka maisUrakA prAcIna gaGgavaMza thA / gaGgavaMzake rAjAloga maisUra meM IsvI dusarI zatAbdise svAdhIna rUpameM zAsana kara rahe the / cAlukya, rASTrakUTa aura gaGga vaMzoMke rAjAoMko coka rAjAoMne parAsta karake brAhmaNa dharmako unnata banAyA thA; kiMtu unakA abhyuda dIrghakAlIna na thA / maisUra ke uttara-pazcimameM kalacUrI vaMzake rAjA loga ujavazIla ho rahe the aura maisUra ke pazcimameM hoyasaLavaMza rAjyAdhikArI horahA thaa| hoyasaloMke hataprabha hone para vijayanagara sAmrAjyakI zrIvRddhi

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / TALIORAINRITAINNARIENTRALLAIRAVAILWARAWAITIRAIMALAIMURNAKAAMAMALALAAMRALIANSINEMAILY huI, jisameM AryasaMskRtikA ullekhanIya punaruddhAra humaa| kintu vijayananara sAmrAjyakA bhanta mAryasaMskRtike liye ghAtaka siddha humA; kyoMki vijayanagara sAmrAjyake bhavya khaMDaharoM para hI musalamAna aura briTiza rAjya-bhavanakA nirmANa huaa| isaprakAra saMkSepameM dakSiNa bhAratake itihAsakI rUparekhA hai, jisakA vizeSa varNana pAThakayaNa isa khaNDameM bhAge par3heMge aura dekheMge ki ina vibhinna rAjya-kAloMmeM jainadharmakA kyA rUpa rahA thaa| rAjavaMzoMmeM paraspara dharmabheda honeke kAraNa kaise-kaise rAjyakIya parivartana huye the, yaha bhI vaha dekheNge| padamAtarama

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| (bhAga 3-khaMDa 2) mdhykaaliin-khnndd| dakSiNa-bhAratakA itihaas| (1) (pallava aura kAdama rAjapa)

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pallava aura kadamba rAjavaMza / [7 pallava aura kadamba rAjavaMza / cera, cola aura pAMDya maMDaloMkA saMyukta pradeza tAmika athavA drAvir3a rAjya kahalAtA thA / prArammika-kAlameM cera, cola aura pANDya rAjavaMza hI apane-apane maNDala meM rAjyAdhikArI the; kintu uparAnta unameM paraspara mavizvAsa aura bhamaitrI utpanna hogaye, jisakA kaTu pariNAma yaha humA ki ve paraspara eka dusareke zatru banagaye aura mApasameM rAjyake liye chInA-jhapaTI karake lar3ane-jhagar3ane lge| isa bhavasarase pallavAdi vaMzoMke rAjAoMne lAbha uThAyA, unakA utkarSa huaa| kinhIM vidvAnoMkA bhanumAna hai ki pallava-vaMzake rAjA mUla bhAratIya na hokara usa videzI samudAyameMse pallavoMkI utpatti / eka the, jo madhya aiziyAse bhAkara bhAratameM rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| rAisa sA0 ne manumAna kiyA thA ki pallava-gaNa palhava arthAt 'pardhiyana , ( Arsaoidan Parthians ) loga the; kintu bhAratIya vidvAna unake isa matase sahamata nahIM haiN| zrI rAmAsvAmI aiyyaMgara mahodaya batAte haiM ki IsvI sAtavI zatAbdike madhya dakSiNa bhAratameM pallava vaMza pradhAna thaa| IsvI cauthI aura pAMcavI zatAbdike prArambha taka unakA utkarSa kAlake garmameM thaa| prAraMbhameM isa vaMzake rAjA kAJcIke 1-maiku; pRSTa 52-53 /

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8] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zAsaka' nAmase prasiddha the| dakSiNake saMgama-sAhityameM kAJcIke zAsakoMko 'tirayan aura tonDaiman' kahA gayA hai| evaM 'mahanAnuru' nAmaka granthase prakaTa hai ki tiyara-gaNa veGgadam pradezake svAmI the| pallavoMke samAna tirayaroMkA sambandha bhI nAgavaMzake rAjAbhoMse thA / usa para tirayaroM ( Tirayars ) kI eka zAkhAkA nAma * pallavatirayara ' thaa| apane prAdhAnyakAlameM kAJcIke yaha tirayara apane zAkhA nAma 'pallava ' se hI prasiddha hogaye / isa liye pallavoMko videzI anumAna karanA ucita nahIM hai / vaha tAmila dezake hI nivAsI the| I. AThavIM zatAbdimeM pallava ghigajoM ke utkarSa-sUryako ca lukyarUpI rAhune grasita kara liyA thaa| I0 rAjanaitika chaTThI zatAbdimeM hI cAlukyoMne bAdAmIko pristhiti| pallavoMse chIna kara usako apanI rAjadhAnI ____ banA liyA thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdike bhAraMbhameM unhoMne veGgIpara bhI adhikAra jamA liyA thA aura vahA~ 'pUrvI cAlukya' nAmaka eka svataMtra rAjavaMzakI sthApanA kI thI / uparAnta pallavoMne eka daphA bAdAmIko naSTa kiyA avazya; parantu AThavIM zatAbdimeM cAlukyoMne pallavoMko isa burI tarahase harAyA ki vaha na kahIMke horhe| cAlukyoMne pallava gajadhAnI kAJcImeM vijaya-garvase praphullita hokara praveza kiyaa| udhara maisUrake gaGga rAjAoMne bhI pallavoM para bhAkramaNa karake unake kucha pradeza para adhikAra prApta kara liyA thaa| isa 1-sTasAI je0; bhA0 1 pR0 142-144 / /

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pallava aura kadamba raajvNsh| [9 prakAra pallava apanI pratibhA aura pratiSThAse hAtha dhokara yenakena prakAreNa apanA mastitva banAye rahe / ' aitihAsika kAlameM sarva prathama unakA varNana samudraguptake vRttAMtameM milatA hai, jisane pallavarAjA viSNugopako san 350 I0 meM parAjita kiyA thaa| apane utkarSake samayameM pallavoMke rAjyakI uttarI sImA narmadA thI aura dakSiNI pannAra nadI / dakSiNameM samudrase samudrataka unakA rAjya thaa| unameM pahale-pahale siMha viSNu nAmaka rAjA prasiddha huA thaa| usakA yaha dAvA thA ki usane dakSiNake tInoM rAjyoM ke atirikta laGkAko bhI vinaya kiyA thaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra mahendravarman prathama humaa| usakI khyAti pahADoMse kATI huI guphAoMke mahendravarman / una agaNita maMdiroMse hai jo tRcanApalI, cinalepuTa, uttarI bhATa aura dakSiNa aphraTameM milate haiN| usane mahendravAr3I nAmakA eka bar3A nagara basAyA aura usake samIpa eka bar3A tAlAba apane nAmapara khudvaayaa| isa rAjAko vidyA aura kalAse ati prema thaa| isane 'mattavilAsa prahasan' nAmaka eka graMtha racA thA, jisameM bhinna matoMkA upahAsa kiyA thA / kahate haiM ki pallava vaMzakA sabase nAmI rAjA narasiMhavarman thaa| usane pulakezinako parAsta karake san 642 AnatsAMga / I0 meM vAtApi (bAdAmI) para adhikAra prApta kiyA, jisase cAlukyoMko bhArI kSati uThAnI 1-maiku0; pRSTha 53. 2-lAmAi0, pR. 296. 3-jaisAI., pR. 36.

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10 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hai par3I thii| isa ghaTanA se do varSa pahale cInI yAtrI hyUnatsAGga pallava rAjAkI rAjadhAnI kAMcImeM AyA thaa| usane yahAMke nivAsiyoM kI vIratA, satyapriyatA, vidyArasikatA aura paropakAra bhAvakI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai| usake samayameM isa nagara meM lagabhaga ekasau maTha the, jinameM dasa sahasrase adhika bhikSu rahate the / lagabhaga itane hI maMdira jainoMke the|' palaboMkI eka anya rAjadhAnI kRSNA jilemeM dharaNIkoTA nAmaka nagara thA, jisakA prAcIna nAma ghanakacaka batalAyA jAtA hai / trilocana pallavakI yahI rAjadhAnI thii| dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdimeM yahAMke kileko jainoM ke samayameM muktezvara nAmaka rAjAne banAyAthA | kAMcInagara jainadharmakA prAcIna kendrIya sthAna thaa| cInI yAtrI hyunatsAMga ke samaya meM bhI yahAM jainoMkA prAbalya kAJcImeM jainadharma | thA / digambara jaina aura unake maMdiroMkI saMkhyA atyadhika thI / jaina sAhitya se bhI kAMcIpurameM jainadharmake pradhAna hone kA patA calatA hai| yahAMkA jaina saMgha uttara bhArata ke jainiyoMko bhI mAnya thA / prasiddha jainAcArya zrI bhaTTAka laMkadevane yahIM rAjA himasItalakI sabhA meM bauddhoM ko parAsta kiyA thA / pallava vaMzake kaI rAjAoMkA samparka jainadharmase rahA thaa| naMdipallabake vedala zilAlekha evaM arkATa jileke antargata tindivanam tAluke se prApta eka anya pallava zilAlekha se pallavoM dvArA jainadharma saMrakSaNa vArtAkA samarthana hotA hai| tAmiLa pallava rAjA aura jainadharma | 1- lAbhAI0, pR0 290 2 - mame prAjesmA0, pR0 23. 3- mahi0, pR0 474. 4 - jaisA I0 pU0 30

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pallava aura kAdamba rAjavaMza [11 jainagrandha 'cUlAmaNi' ko toLamoli devarane rAjA sendana (650 I0 ) ke rAjyakAlameM unake pitA rAjA mAravarman bhavenI cUlamanikI smRtimeM racA thaa| sAlema jileke dharmapurI nAmaka sthAnavAle lekhase (naM0 307) prakaTa hai ki rAjA mahendravarmanake samayameM zrI maMgalaseThIke putra nidhipannA maura caMdipannAne tagadUrameM eka jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| nidhipanAne rAjA mahendrase mUlazallI prAma lekara zrI vinayasenAcAryake ziSya zrI kanakasenajIko maMdira jIrNoddhArake liye arpaNa kiyA thaa| rAjA mahendravarman svayaM jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| kintu zaiva yogI apparane mahendrako zaivamatameM dIkSita kara liyA thaa| zaiva hone para mahendravarmanne dakSiNa arkATa jileke pATaliputrim nAmaka sthAna ke prasiddha jainamaThako naSTabhraSTa kiyA thA aura usake sthAna para zaiva maThakI sthApanA kI thii| isa ghaTanAse jainadharmako kAphI dhakkA lagA thaa| jina grAmoMmeM pahale jainoMkA adhikAra thA unameM brAmaNoMko svAmI banA diyA gayA thA / kintu pallava rAjAoMke samayameM vidyA evaM kalAkI vizeSa umati huI thii| mahendravarman svayaM kalAkAra phlv-kaa| thaa| usane -- dakSiNacitram ' nAmaka citra zAstrakI racanA kI thii| usake samayake bane huye do maMdira milate haiN| (1) mAmanDUrakA zaiva maMdira maura (2) zitaNavAsalakA jaina guMphA mNdir| zittamavAsala pudakoTai rAjyakI rAmapAnIse 9 mIka uttara dizAmeM savasthita digambara jainoMkA eka 1-pUrva.pU. 35. 2-mamaiprAvasmA0, pR08. 3-oa0, pR. 5

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | prAcIna kendrasthAna hai / yahAM pahAr3IkI coTI para kucha koThariyA~ muniyoMke dhyAnake liye banI huI haiM, jinameM se eka meM IsvI pUrva tIsarI zatAbdikA eka brAhmI lekha isa bAtakA dyotaka hai ki usa samaya ina koThAriyoMmeM jaina munigaNa rahA karate the / isa sthAnakA mUla prAkRta nAma ' siddhaNNavAsa' arthAt ' siddhoM kA DerA ' hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki yaha koI nirvANakSetra hai / kinhIM mahA munIzvarane yahAMse siddha pada prApta kiyA hogA : isIliye yaha kSetra ' siddhaNNavAsa' rUpameM prasiddha huA / yahAM eka jaina guhAmaMhira hai, jisakI bhItoMpara pUrva pallava rAjAoMkI zailIke citra haiM / yaha citra rAjA mahendravarmanake hI banavAye huye haiM aura atyanta sundara haiM / maMdira ke maMDapa meM saMpaka Asana se sthita puruSa parimANa atyanta sugar3a aura suMdara pAMca tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM birAjamAna haiM; jinameM se do maMDapa ke donoM pAzrvaumeM avasthita haiM / 'yahAM aba dIvAroM aura chatapara sirpha do-cAra citra hI kucha acchI hAlata meM bace haiM / inakI khUbI yaha hai ki bahuta thor3I parantu sthira aura dRr3ha rekhAoMmeM atyanta sundara aura mUrta AkRtiyAM bar3I ustAdIke sAtha likha dIgaI haiM / chAyA Adi DAlane kA prayatna prAyaH nahIM kiyA gayA / raMga bahuta thor3e haiM- sirpha lAla, pIlA, nIlA, kAlA aura sapheda / inhIMko milAkara kahIM-kahIM kucha aura harA, pIlA, jAmunI, nAraMgI Adi raMga bhI banA liye gaye haiM / itanI saralatA se banAye gaye ina citroMmeM bhAva Azcaryajanaka DhaMga se sphuTa hue haiM aura mAkRtiyAM sajIvasI jAna par3atI haiM / 12. ] 00110 1- iA0, san 1930, pR0 9-10 /

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pallaba aura kAdamba rAjavaMza / [ 13 sArI gudA kamaloM se alaMkRta hai| sAmane ke donoM khambhako Apasa meM gu~thI huI kamalanAloMkI beloMse sajAyA gayA hai / svambhara nartaki yoMke citra haiN| barAmadekI chatake madhyabhAgameM eka puSkarajIkA citra hai| hare kamalapatroMkI bhUmipara lAla kamala khilAye gaye haiM; jalameM machaliyAM, haMsa, jalamurgAbI, hAthI, bhaiMse Adi jala vihAra kara rahe haiN| citrake dAhinI tarapha tIna manuSya kRtiyAM haiM, jinakI AkRtiyAM AkarSaka aura sundara haiN| do manuSya ikaTThe jala vihAra karate dikhAye haiM; inakA raMga lAla diyA hai; tIsarekA raMga sunahalA hai aura vaha inase alaga hai| isakI bhAkRti bar3I manomohaka aura bhavya hai / saudharmendra tIrthaMkara bhagavAnake kevalI honepara unako upadeza dene ke liye ' samavazaraNa' nAmaka eka svargIya maNDapa racA thA | usake cAroM tarapha sAta bhUmiyAM hotI haiM, jinameM se gujarakara hI koI vyakti usa prAsAdameM tIrthaMkarakA upadeza sunane pahuMca sakatA hai / inameM se dUsarI bhUmikA nAma * svAtikA' hai / digambara jaina mUrti-zAstra ' zrIpurANa' nAmaka granthake anusAra yaha svAtikA bhUmi tAlAba hotI hai; jahAM pahuMcakara bhavyoMko snAna aura jalavihAra karane ko kahA jAtA hai / ukta citra isI khAtikA bhUmikA hai / anya bace hue citroMmeM do nartakiyoMke citra haiM jo andara ghusate hI sAmane ke do svambhoM para bane haiN| ekakI dAhinI bhujA gaja hasta aura dUsarIkI daNDa- hasta mudrA meM phailI hai| ina citroMmeM kalAkArane mAnoM gahanoMse ladI patalI kamara aura caur3e nitaMboMvAlI, cIte kI taraha pracaNDa zaktivAlI aura bhavya, svargIya apsarAoMoMke aura

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14] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zivanaTarAjanakI kalpanAmeM prakaTa honevAlI nRtya-tAla aura pracaNDa sphUrtiko eka hI jagaha citrita kara diyA hai|' andarake dAhine khambhepara sambhavataH rAjA mahendravarmanakA citra thA, jisake kucha nizAna bAkI hai / isa prakAra pallavakAlIna lalita kAlakA yaha maMdira eka namUnA hai aura dakSiNake jaina maMdiroMmeM apane DhaMgakA akelA hai| udhara pAMDyadezameM kalabhra rAjavaMzakA bhAzraya pAkara jainadharma eka samaya khUba hI unnata huA thaa| IsvI kalabhra / 5-6 vIM zatAbdimeM kaloMkA bhAkramaNa dakSiNa bhArata para humA aura unhoMne coLa, cera evaM pAMDya rAjAoMko parAsta karake samagra gamila deza para adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kalabhragaNa karNATaka dezake mUlanivAsI 'kallara' jAtike loga the / pANDyarAjAoMko jItaneke kAraNa unhoMne 'mArana' aura 'nedumArana' viruda dhAraNa kiye the| inake atirikta unake do virUda 'kalakatvana' aura mutturaiyana (tIna dezoMke svAmI) bhI the| 'periyapurANam' nAmaka granthameM unheM karNATaka dezakA rAjA likhA hai| nissandeha unakA rAjazAsana tInoM hI cera, cola, pAThaya dezoM para nirvAdha calatA thaa| jaise hI vaha tAmika dezameM madhikRta huye, kalone jaina dharmako apanA liyaa| usa samaya 3-bobha0, aMka 6 pRSTha 7-8. zrI rAmacandan mahodayane yaha varSana likhA hai aura ullikhita tAmila prayake AdhArase tAgavako zamavazaraNakI dvitIya bhUmi batAyA hai| saMbhavataH yaha ThIka hai, paraMtu isa tAlAbameM bhaktajana snAnAdi karate the yA nahIM yaha vicAraNIya hai|

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pallava aura kAdamba raajvNsh| [15 vahAM jainoMkI saMkhyA bhI atyadhika thii| unake sahayogase prabhAvita hokara kahA jAtA hai ki kalamoMne zaiva dharmAcAryoM ko daNDita kiyA thaa| yaha samaya jainadharmake parama utkarSakA thaa| isI samaya prasiddha tAmilagrantha 'nAladiyAra' jainAcAryoM dvArA racA gayA thaa| isa granthameM do sthaloM para aise ullekha haiM jinase patA calatA hai ki kalamra jainadharmAnuyAyI aura tAmila sAhityake saMrakSaka the| 'nAlidayAra' granthameM nItizAstra viSayaka cArasau pada maGkita haiM, jinheM cArasau digambara jaina muniyoMne racA thaa| aura mAja jinakA pracAra dakSiNa bhArata ke pratyeka gharameM huA milatA hai| kalabhra rAjyAzraya pAkara jainadharma unake samayameM khUba phUlAphalA; parantu jaba kadungona (Kadungon ) evaM paklava rAjAoMne unako rAjyazrI-vihIna kara diyA to pAMDyadezameM jainoMke abhyudayako kATha mAra gyaa| madurA jo usa samaya taka jainadharmakA mUla kendrasthAna thA, vaha brAhmaNoM ke madhipatyako pragaTa karane lgaa| bAta yaha huI ki mahendravarmankI taraha pANDayanareza jinako kunamundara mathavA nedumAran pANDya kahate pANDayarAja aura the, jainadharmase vimukha ho gaye / unakA vivAha jainadharma / cola rAjakumArI raGgayaraka siyarase huA thA, ___ jo zaiva matAnuyAyI aura rAjendra colakI balana thii| zaivarAnIne apane guru tirujJAnasambandarako bulA bhenA aura una donoMke udyogase pANDyagaja zaiva matameM dIkSita ho gye| 1-mAiMjai0, bhA0 1 pR. 53-56. 2-sAijai0. pR0 92.

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16 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 1 zaiva hone para kuranasundarane jainoM ko behada kaSTa diye / dharmAndhatAkI caramasImAko vaha pahuMca gayA aura usane ATha hajAra nirAparAdha jainiyoMko kolhUmeM pilavA kara maravA DAlA, kevala isaliye ki unhoMne zaiva matameM dIkSita honA svIkAra nahIM kiyA thA / kheda hai ki arkATa jileke trivatUra nAmaka sthAna para upasthita zaiva maMdi - rameM isa dharmAndhatApUrNa va bhISaNa romAMcakArI ghaTanA ke citra divAloM para aGkita haiM aura aba bhI vahAMke zivamahotsava meM sAtaveM dina svAsa taura para isa ghaTanA kA utsava manAyA jAtA hai / isa navajAgRti ke jamAne meM dharmAndhatAkA yaha pradarzana ghRNAspada aura dayanIya hai / uparAMta cola rAjAoMke abhyudayakAlameM bhI jaina dharma panapa na sakA / rAjarAja cola to janoMkA kaTTara zatru thaa| usake virizcipuram ke dAnapatra se pragaTa hai ki usane eka dhArmika kara bhI jainiyoM para lagAyA thA / jainoMke aura brAhmarNoMke khetoMko usane alaga-alaga kara diyA, jisameM jainoMko hAni uThAnI par3I; parantu itane para bhI jaina dharmako yaha zaivaloga miTA na sake / svayaM rAjarAjakI bar3I bahanane tirumalayapara 'kundavaya' nAmaka jinAlaya banavAyA thA | jainAcAryoMne isa dharmasaMkaTa ke avasarapara bar3I dIrghadarzitA se kAma liyA / unhoMne dakSiNa ke arddhasabhya kurumba logoMko jaina dharmameM dIkSita karake apanA saMrakSaka banA liyA / cola rAjA aura jaina dharma | 1- ahii0, pRSTha 495. 2- sAIjai0 mA0 1 pR0 64 - 68 va ahiM0 pR0 475. 3- jaisAiM0, pR0 43.

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kdmb-vNsh-vRkss| mayUrazarmA ( sana 275-300 I0 ) kaMmuvarmA (pan 300-325 I.) bhagIratha (sana 325-340 I.) raghu (san 340-360 I.) kAkustha (san 360-390 I.) zAntivarmA ( 390-420) kRSNavarmA prathama viSNuvarmA mRgezavarmA mAnadhAtri (420-445) (445-460) siMhavarmA kRSNavarmA di. (525-560) mAnuvarmA ravivarmA (460-500) harivamA (100-525) bhajavarmA bhogIvarmA (590-100) viSNuvarmA

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bhImA nadI nakzA - dakSiNa bhArata / paMDharapUra 7. solApUra 2. kolhApUra beLagAva govA 0 mayUra nadI kalyApA havA DI "mAlyaraveTa vijApUra kurga 0 Am nolaMbavADI. mhaisUra 0 kRSNA. sauMdatta pAMlAsikA / * vijayanagara ta lu gU kuM ta la vanavAsI dhAravADa ADVAITANA M nadI layalam (keraLa) nadI narmadA JAW dvArAsamudra zvavaNabelagolA gaMgavADI | talakADa karnATaka aura tAmila Adi deza nagara godAvarI nadI kIDara Wow willlers tA '0 palaghATa haidrAbAda varadUla All Amin [[[[{{time into\`[A]]AAIN ToDainADa kolara pADya VIHISHTA S sAlema miLa la a~DA tricanApallI co 16 tajAvara0 menu H rAjamaheMdrI. ve. Ga gI amarAvatI 0kAMcI madrAsa

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pallava aura kAdamba rAjavaMza | [ 17 kurumbagaNa bar3e hI vIra aura dharmazraddhAlu the / unake mukhya rAjA kamandaprabhu kurumba the aura unakI rAjadhAnI pulaka thI; jahAM unhoMne kaI bhavya jinAlaya banAye the / jaina dharmakI rakSA ke liye kurumboMne coloMse kaI laDAiyAM lar3I thIM / bhAkhira aDonDa colane unheM parAsta kara diyA aura jaina dharma rAjyAzrayavihIna ho hataprabha hogayA / h yadyapi pallava aura pANDya dezoMmeM jaina dharmakI mahimA kSINa hogaI thI, parantu pUrvIya aura pazcimIya kadamba rAjavaMza | maisUra evaM usake AsapAsa ke dezoMmeM vaha samRddhiko prApta thA / isa samRddhikA kAraNa vahAM ke tatkAlIna rAjavaMzadvArA jaina dharmako Azraya milanA thA / maisUrame kAdamba aura gaGga vaMzake rAjAoMkA zAsanAdhikAra calatA thaa| inameM se kadamba vaMzake rAjAoMkA adhikAra vartamAna maisUra rAjya ke zimoga aura citaldurga jiloM evaM uttara kanArA, dhAravAra aura beLagAMva jiloMpara thA / ina kadamboMkI rAjadhAnI banavAsI athavA vaijayantI thI, jisakA ullekha yUnAnI lekhaka TolmIne kiyA hai evaM zrI jinasenAcAryane jise harivaMzI rAjA aileyake vaMzana nRpa carama dvArA astitvameM mAyA batAyA hai / sArAMzataH banavAsI eka prAcIna nagara thA | banavAsI ke kadamboMke sagotrI kadamba gomA aura hAGgalameM bhI zAsana karate the; parantu ve vizeSa balavAna aura samRddhizAlI nahIM the / banavAsIke kadamboMkA rAjyakAla san 250 3 " 1-AiI0, pR0 236. 2 - jamIsro0 bhA0 21 pRSTha 313-315. 3- hari0 sarga 17 va saMjai0, mA0 3 khaNDa 1 pRSTha 47. 2

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18] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / I0 se 600 I0 taka anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / jaba ki gomA maura hAMgalake kadamboMne san 1025 se 1275 I0 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| goAke kadamboMkI rAjadhAnI halsI (belagAMva) thii| kadamboMkI utpattike viSayameM kucha bhI nizcita nahIM kiyA jAsakatA, kyoMki isa viSayameM prAcIna kadamba vaMzakI mAnyatAyeM anupalabdha haiN| kintu yaha spaSTa utpatti / hai ki kadamboMke mAdi puruSa mukkaNNa brAhmaNa varNake vIra puruSa the / uparAMtake varNanoMmeM isa vaMzakI utpatti ziva aura pAravatIke sambandhase huI batAI gaI hai aura eka kathAmeM unheM nanda rAjAoMkA uttarAdhikArI likhA hai| parantu yaha kathana vizvasanIya nahIM hai| vAstavameM kadamma vaMzake rAjAloga karNATaka dezake adhivAsI the aura unakA gRhavRkSa (guardian tree) 'kadamba' thA, jisake kAraNa vaha 'kadamba' ke nAmase prasiddha huye the| tAmila sAhityameM kadamboMkA mulanAma 'nanana' aura UnheM svarNotAdaka 'kokAnam' pradezakA rAjA likhA hai| sAthahI tAmila granthakAra unakA ullekha 'kaDambu' nAmase karate haiM / ataH vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki inhI prAcIna nannana kadamboMse banavAsIke kadambarAjAoM kA samparka thaa| saMbhavataH unakI utpatti inhI nannana-kadambomese huI thii| prArambhameM kadambavaMzake rAjAgaNa vedAnuyAyI brAhmaNoM ke bhakta 1-amIyo0, bhA0 21 pR. 14-16. 2-jamIso0, bhA0 27 pR. 324-32.

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pallava aura kAdamba raajvNsh| [19 MINITIANIMAWWAIIMARITHIKRAMIRINKINNNNNNARNATAKranARAM N: the| unhoMne brAhmaNa dharmako unnata banAneke liye bharasaka prayatna kiye the| saMyukta prAMtIya barelI jileke ahicchatra sthAnase brAhmaNoM ko bulA kara mukuNNa kadambane karNATaka dezameM mayUrazarmA / vasAyA thaa| mukuNNake uttarAdhikArI trilocana, madhukezvara, mallinAtha aura candravarmA the| caMdravarmAkA uttarAdhikArI mayUravarmA thA, jise mayUrazarmA bhI kahate the| vastutaH mayUrazarmAse hI kadamba vaMzakA ThIka itihAsa prAramma hotA hai| usake dvArA hI kadamba vaMzakA abhyudaya vizeSa humA thaa| isI kAraNa use hI kadamba vaMzakA saMsthApaka kahate haiN| mayUrazarmA stanakunDura agrahArase sambandhita eka zraddhAlu brAhmaNa thaa| vaha eka daphA apane guru vIrazarmAke sAtha pallavarAjadhAnI kAJcImeM vidyAdhyayana karane ke liye gayA / vahA~ eka pallava sainikase usakI takarAra hogaI; bisase . cir3hakara usane badalA cukAnekI ThAna lii| mayUrazarmAne pallavoM para dhAvA bola diyA aura unake sImAvartI prAMtoMpara adhikAra jamAkara vaha zrIparvat ( zrIzailam ) para aDDA jamAkara baiTha gayA / uparAnta usane bANavaMzI evaM anya rAjAoMko bhI apane mAdhIna kiyA thaa| candravallIke zikSAlekhase spaSTa hai ki mayurazarmAne traikUTa, mabhIra, pallava, pariyAtra, zakasthAna, punATa, mankari aura anya rAjAoMko parAsta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra apanA ekachatra rAjya sthApita karake mayUrazarmAne dhUmadhAmase rAjyAbhiSekotsava manAyA thaa| usakA rAjyakA san 260-3001. batAyA jAtA hai|

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20] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / AAAAAAMANASNNNNNNNN NAINENT.... (. mayUravarmAkA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra kaMguvarmA thaa| jisane san 300-325 I0 taka rAjya kiyA kaMgavarmA-bhagIratha thA / isane bhI kaI eka lar3AiyAM lar3I thiiN| aura rghu| usake pazcAt usakA putra bhagIratha (325 340) rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| isa rAjAkA zAsanakAla saMgrAmarahita zAMti aura samRddhipUrNa thaa| isakI khyAti bhI cahu~ ora thii| kintu isakA putra raghu (340-360) saMgrAma aura vijayoM ke lIla kSetra meM rAjasiMhAsanArUr3ha huaa| usake mukha para zatruoMke astraprahAroM ke aneka cihna vidyamAna the| usane apanI vijayoM dvArA kadamba rAjyakA vistAra itanA bar3hAyA thA ki vaha akelA usakA prabaMdha nahIM kara sakA thaa| pariNAmataH palAsikameM usane apane bhAI kAkusthako vAyasarAya niyukta kiyA thA / gghu apanI prajAkA pyArA thA / zatru usake nAma sunate hI dahalate the| vaha vedoMkA prakANDa vidvAn aura eka pratibhAzAlI kavi bhI thaa| raghuke pazcAt kAkusthavarmA (360-390 I0) rAjA huA thaa| kadambara rAjAoMmeM vaha mahA balavAna kaasthvrmaa| thaa| apane bhAI gghuse use na kevala vistRta sAmrAjya hI uttarAdhikArameM milA thA, balki suprabandhake liye yogya kSamatA bhI usane prApta kI thii| vaha dekhane meM sundara aura apane sambandhiyoMko mati pyArA thA / vaha rAjyazAsana karanA apanA dharma aura svarga prAptikA eka kAraNa samajhatA thaa| usake rAjyakAlameM prajA samRdizAlinI thI bhaura ruSikI unnati

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pallava aura kadamba rAjavaMza / [21 huI thii| kAkusthakI mahAnatA usake vivAha sambandhoMse bhI saSTa hai jo gupta samrAT evaM anya bar3e bar3e gajAoMse hue the| usane kaI imArateM aura eka sundara sthamma bhI banavAyA thA; jisapara kAvyamaI saMskRta-bhASAmeM eka lekha aGkita hai| mahArAja kAkusthavarmAke do putra ( 1 ) zAMtivarmA aura ( 2 ) kRSNavarmA the| zAMtivarmA bar3e the; isaliye vaha pahale yuvarAjapadapara AsIna rahe aura bAdameM rAjA huye| unhoMne san 390 se san 420 I0 taka gajya kiyA thaa| vaha samagra karNATaka dezake rAjA aura tIna mukuToMke dhAraka kahe gaye haiM, jisase prasTa hai ki kadamba-sAmrAjya tIna bhAgoMmeM vimakta thA evaM usakI prathaka-prathaka tIna rAjaghAniyAM (1) banavAsI (2) ucchazanI (3) aura palAsikA thiiN| palAsikAmeM usakA bhatIjA inakI chatrachAyAmeM rAjya karatA thaa| zAMtivarmA ke pazcAt usakA putra mRgezavarmA (san 420-115) siMhAsanArUr3ha humA thaa| vaha eka mahA mRgezavarmA / parAkramI zAsaka thA aura use saMgrAma evaM sandhi paricAlanameM hI mAnanda mAtA thaa| kahate haiM ki vaha pallavoM ke liye bar3avAnala maura gaGgoMkA dhvaMzaka thaa| mRgezane ke kaya rAjakumArI prabhAvatIse vivAha karake apanI zaktiko bar3AyA thA bhaura navanI kanyA bAkATaka nareza narendrasenako vyAhI thii|

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22] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / AINIONLIMALAMAUNIALINIRAINRITHIKSHAMITICAINAILERNITINATIHAATIOAMRAKHIRAINITIONE mRgezakA putra ravivarmA alpAyumeM hI rAjyAdhikArI huaa| isIliye rAjataMtrakI bAgaDora usake cAcA rvivrmaa| mAnadhAtivarmAke bhAdhIna rahI thii| parantu malpakAlameM jyoM hI ravivarmA pUrNa bhAyuko prApta huye ki unhoMne rAjyazAsanakA bhAra apane suyogya kandhoMpara uThAyA aura pUrI arddhazatAbdi (450-500) taka sAnanda rAjya kiyA / banavAsIke kadamba rAjAoMmeM vahI antima prabhAvazAlI rAjA thaa| usakA zAsanakAla dIrgha aura samRddhipUrNa thaa| ravivarmAne kaI saMgrAma lar3e the aura unameM vaha vijayI huA thaa| usakA cAcA viSNuvarmA jo palAsikameM rAjya karatA thA, usake khilApha hokara paJcoMse nA milA thA; parantu ravivarmAne una sabako parAsta kiyA thaa| ravike hAthase viSNuvarmA aura kAMcIke canDadaNDa pallava talavArake ghATa utare the| zAsana prabandhameM ravike choTe bhAI bhAnuvarmAne usakA khUba hI hAtha baMTAyA thaa| ravi san 500 I0 meM svargavAsI huA thaa| uparAMta ravikA putra harivarmA kadamba rAjasiMhAsanapara baiThA / harivarmAkA yaha dAvA thA ki usane jo privrmaa| bhI dhana saJcaya kiyA hai vaha nyAyopArjita hai| apane pAraMbhika jIvana meM harivarmA jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA, parantu apane rAjyakAlake sAtaveM-mAThaveM varSameM vaha brAmaNamatameM dIkSita hogayA thaa| harike pazcAt mahArAja kRSNavarmA dvitIya rAjA humA; jisane mazvameSa yajJa racA thaa| kheda hai ki

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pala aura kadamba rAjavaMza / / 23 isI ke aMtima samaya meM kadamba sAmrAjya chinna-bhinna hogayA thA / isakA putra zoka aura kajjAke mAre sAdhu Dhokara calA gayA thA / aura pallavoMne apanA jhaNDA kadamba sAmrAjya ke bhavya - khaMDahara para ATRUD phaharAyA thA / uparAMta kRSNavarmA dvitIyakA uttarAdhikArI ajavarmA huA z2arUra, parantu cAlukyarAja kIrtivarmAne use na kA banA chor3A | ajavarmA ke putra bhogivarmA ne apane mujavikramase kadamboMkI lupta huIM zrIko punaH prApta karanekA sadudyoga kiyA aura usameM vaha kiMcit saphala bhI huA; parantu gana aura cAlukya vaMzake rAjAoMke samakSa vaha Tika na sakA / cAlukyarAja pulake sin dvitIyane san 612 I0 meM vanavAsIpara adhikAra jamAkara kadamba zaktikA manta kara diyA / 1 kadamba vaMzakA patana / kadamba rAjagharAnekkA sambandha kAkustha - bhanvaya aura mAnavyasa gotra se thA / 'svAmI mahAsena' aura 'mAtRgaNa ' ke anudhyAnapUrvaka kadambarAjA abhiSikta hote the| yaha svAmI mahAsena saMbhavataH kadamba vaMzake koI kulaguru the / mAtRgaNa se abhiprAya una svargIya mAtAoMka samUhakka mAluma hotA hai, jinakI saMkhyA kucha loga sAta, kucha ATha aura kucha aura isase bhI adhika mAnate haiM / jAna par3atA hai ki kadamba vaMzake rAjagharAne meM ina deviyoMkI kadamboM kI upAdhiyAM ! 1 - jamIso0, mA0 21 pRSTha 313-324.

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24 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bhI bar3I mAnyatA thI / kadamba rAjagaNa ' hAritI putra' bhI kahalAte the, jo saMbhavataH unake gharAne kI koI prasiddha aura pUjanIyA mahilA thii| siMha aura bAnara unake dhvanacihna the, jo unake sikkoMpara bhI milate haiM / kamalakA cihna bhI unake dvArA prayukta huA thaa| unakA apanA anokhA bAjA thA, jise 'pegmatti' kahate the| unake viruda " dharma - mahArAjAdhirAja" aura " pratikRti - svAdhyAya - carcA- pArA " the / unhoMne rAjatvake Adarzako prajAhitake liye kucha uThA na rakha kara khUba hI nibhAyA thA | anyAya se dhana saMcaya karaneke ve viruddha the / prajAkI zubha kAmanAyeM unake sAtha thIM / vanavAsI kadambakI mukhya rAjadhAnI thI aura belagAMva jilemeM palAsika tathA citadurga jilemeM ucchazRGgI kadaMboM kI rAjadhAniyAM unakI prAMtIya rAjadhAniyAM thIM, jahAM unake vAyasarAya rahA karate the / triparvata nAmaka eka aura zAsana praNAlI | anya rAjadhAnIkA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ina sthAnoM para rAjakulake puruSa hI vAyasarAya hote the| zAsana vyavasthAkI suvidhA ke liye kadamboMne keMdrIya zaktiko kaI vibhAgoM meM bAMTa diyA thaa| unake lekhoM meM gRhasaciva, saciva, pramukhaprabandhaka AdikA ullekha huA milatA hai / sAmrAjyako bhI kadamboMne * maNDaloM' aura ' viSayoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA thA, jisake kAraNa rAjyakA prabandha karane meM suvidhA hogaI thI / aneka grAmoMkA " 1- hi0 bhA0 14 pR0 225... va jamIso0 bhA0 22 10 56. , 2 - jamIso0, mA0 22 50 56-57. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat , www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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pallava aura kAdamba rAjavaMza [25 samUha ' viSaya ' kahalAtA thA aura kaI viSayoMkA samudAya eka * maNDala ' hotA thA / eka prAMtake antargata aise kitane hI maNDala hote the, jinapara eka vAyasarAya zAmana karatA thaa| dasa mAMDalikoMke Upara eka rAjakumAra zAsana aura kara vasula karane ke liye niyukta kiyA jAtA thA / prajApara 32 prakArakA kara lagAyA jAtA thA; parantu grAmavAsI ina saba hI prakArake karoMse mukta the| unase phasalakI upajase dasa pratizata rAjyakara vasUla kiyA jAtA thaa| bhUmikA nApa-tola likhA jAtA thA aura nApakA parimANa * nivartana' kahalAtA thA. jo rAjAke paike barAbara hotA thA / anAjako tolanakA parimANa 'svaNduka' kahA jAtA thA / yadi koI grAma athavA bhUmi kisI dharma-saMsthAko bheTa kara dI jAtI thI, to usakI ghoSaNA bhAsapAsake grAmoMmeM karA dI jAtI thI aura sarakArI karmacArIgaNa usa grAmameM jAte bhI nahIM the / kadamboMke sikke 'padmaTaMka' kahalAte the, jinapara padma Adi puSpa tathA siMha Adi pazuoMke citra bane hote the| kadamboMne apane hI DhaMgake sundara mandira aura manahara mUrtiyAM banavAI thIM; jinake namUne halmImeM ' sapramAtRka' mUrti evaM bAdAmI Adike mandira haiN|' kadambavazI gajAoMke abhyudayakAlameM dakSiNa bhAratameM prAcIna nAgapUjAke atirikta brAhmaNa, jaina aura kadamba rAjA aura bauddha. yaha tIno hI bhAryadharma pracalita the| jaina dhrm| janatAmeM nAgabhaktoMke uparAMta sabase adhika 1-jamIso., bhA. 22 pR. 56-59.

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26 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / saMkhyA jainoMkI hI thii| prAcIna caira, pAMDya aura pallava rAjavaMzoMke pramukha puruSa jaina dharmake bhakta the| udhara pUrvIya maisUrameM gavaMzake prAyaH saba hI rAjAbhoMne jaina dharmako svIkAra kiyA aura mAzraya diyA thaa| kintu kadamba vaMzake gajAmoMne prArambhameM brAhmaNa matako unnata banAnekA udyoga kiyaa| unameMse kaI rAjAoMne hiMsaka mazvamegha yajJa bhI race the; parantu uparAMta vaha bhI jaina dharmakI dayAmaya kalyANakArI zikSAse prabhAvita huye the| mRgezase harivarmAtaka kadamba rAjAbhoMne jaina dharmako Azraya diyA thaa| mRgezavarmAkA gArha sthika jIvana samudAra thaa| unakI do rAniyAM thIM / pradhAna rAnI jaina dharmAnuyAyI thI, parantu dUsarI rAnI prabhAvatI brAhmaNoMkI ananya bhakta thii| mRgeza svayaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| unhoMne apane rAjyake tIsare varSa jinendrake abhiSeka, upalepana, pUjana, bhanna saMskAra ( marammata ) aura mahimA (prabhAvanA) kAryoMke liye bhUmikA dAna kiyA thaa| usa bhUmimeM eka nivartana bhUmi khAliza puSpoMke liye nirdiSTa thii| mRgezavarmAkA eka dUsarA dAnapatra bhI milatA hai, jisameM unheM 'dharmamahArAja zrI vijayazIva mRgezavarmA ' kahA hai aura jo usake senApati naravarakA likhAyA |-After the Naga worship, Jainism claimed the largest number of voteries.-QJus xxII, 61. 2-jamIso., bhA. 22, pR. 61. 3-jamIso0, mA. 21, pR. 321. 4-jehi0, bhA0 14, pR0 226-"zrI mRgezvaravarmA AtmanaH rAjyasya tRtIye varSe...vRhat paralUre (1) tridazamukuTa pariSacAracaraNobhyaH paramAhadevebhyaH saMmArjanopalepanAbhyaJcanabha masaMskAra mahimAye...ekaM nivartanaM pusspaarthe|"

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pallava aura kAdamba rAjavaMza / [27 EXTER N ATAKAR..Karamanane .... Tunxx huA hai| isa dAnapatradvArA unhoMne kAlabaGga nAmaka grAma bhaIt pUjA mAdi puNya kAryoM ke liye dAna kiyA thaa| mRgezava kA putra ravivarmA bhI apane pitAke samAna jainadharma bhakta thaa| unakA eka dAnapatra harasI ( belagAMva ) se milA hai aura usameM likhA hai ki:" mahAgaja ravine yaha anuzAsana patra mahAnagara palAsikameM sthApita kiyA ki zrI jinendrakI prabhAvanAke liye usa grAmakI AmadanI se prativarSa kArtikI pUrNimAko zrI bhaSTAhnikotsava, jo lagAtAra mATha dinoMtaka hotA hai, manAyA jAyA kare; cAturmAsake dinoMmeM sAdhuoMkI vaiyAvRtya kiyA jAyA kare aura vidvajjana usa mahAnatAkA upabhoga nyAyAnumodita rUpameM kiyA kareM / vidvatmaNDalameM zrI kumAradatta pradhAna haiM, jo aneka zAstroM aura mubhASitoMke pAragAmI haiM, lokameM prakhyAta haiM, saccAritrake AgAra haiM, aura jinakI saMpradAya sammAnya hai| dharmAtmA grAmavAsiyoM aura nAgarikoMko nirantara jinendra bhagavAnkI pUjA karanA cAhiye / jahAM jinendrakI pUjA sadaiva kI jAtI hai vahAM usa dezakI abhivRddhi hotI hai, nagara Adhi-vyAdhike bhayase mukta rahate haiM aura zAsakagaNa zaktizAlI hote haiN|" ravivarmAkA ukta dAnapatra jainadharmameM unake dRr3ha zraddhAnako prakaTa karatA hai / vaha svayaM zrAvakake dainika karma, jinapUjA aura dAnakA abhyAsa karate milate haiM aura apanI prajAko bhI isa dharmakA pAlana 1-hi., mA0 14 pR. 227. 2-jaisAI. pRSTha 47-48.

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28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ANNNNN N N . ... .. . .. ... karane ke liye utsAhita karate haiM / unake samAna dharmAtmA zAsakoMke samayameM janatA dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthokA samucita pAlana karake unake sumadhura phalakA upabhoga karatI thii| ravivarmAkA mAI bhAnuvarmA bhI jainadharmakA parama-bhakta thaa| unhoMne bhI jinendrake bhabhiSekake liye bhUmidAna diyA thaa| jisase pratyeka pUrNimAko abhiSeka huA karatA thaa| bhAnuvarmAke isa dAnapatrako unake kapApAtra pa NDara nAmaka bhojakane likhA thA, jo apane svAmIke samAna hI dRr3ha AIta-bhakta thA / ' vivarmAkA uttagadhikArI harivarmA bhI apane prArambhika jIvanameM jainadharmakA zraddhAlu thA; parantu apane aMtima jIvana vaha zaiva hogayA thaa| harivarmAne apane cAcA zivasthaka kahane para halsIkA dAnapatra likhAyA thA, jisake dvArA usane acchazaGgImeM eka gAMva kUrcaka saMghake zrI vAriSeNAcAryako mahatapUjAke liye pradAna kiyA thA tathA mahariSTi saMghake candrakSAMta bhAcAryako bhI bhAradvAjavaMza ke senApati siMha ke putra mRgeza dvArA nirbhita mahat maMdirame abhiSeka karane ke liye bhUmidAna diyA thaa| sendrakavaMzake nRpa bhAnuzaktike kahane para harivarmAne eka aura dAnapatra likhA thA, jisake dvArA unhoMne zramaNAcArya zrI dharmanandiko mahatpUjAke liye mArade nAmaka grAma bheMTa kiyA thaa| isa prakAra uparyullikhita kadambavaMzI gajAoMke zAsanakAlameM jainadharma abhyudayako prApta humA 1-gaiba0, pR0 279 va jaisAI0, pRSTha 49. 2-gaiba0, pR. 29., pro. bhANDArakarane AcAryakA nAma vAriSeNa likhA hai, jabaki pro. esa. bhAra0 zarmA unakA nAma vIrasenAcArya likhate haiM / (jaisAI0, pR. 50). -jesAI pR. 50.

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pallava aura kAdamba raajvNsh| [29 thA-parama mahiMsAdharma sarvatra prasArita huA thA, dharmake nAmapara pazuoMkI nirarthaka hiMsA honA banda hogaI thii| sarvatra ahiMsA aura satya dharmakA divya mAloka vyApta thaa| jainatvakI muhara rAjA aura prajAke hRdayoM para lagI huI thii| kadamboM ke rAjakavigaNa jainI the, unake saciva aura mamAtya jainI the; unake dAnapatra lekhakagaNa bhI jainI the aura unake vyaktigata nAma bhI jainI the| kadamboMka sAhityakI rUparekhA bhI jaina kAvyazailI kI thii| kadamboMkI rAjadhAnI palAsikAmeM jainoMkI bhinna saMpadAyoM arthAta yApanIya, nigrantha, kUrcaka, maharASTi gaura zvetapaTa saMghoMke AcArya zAMtipUrvaka raha kara dharmapracAra karate the| jainatvakA yaha prabala rUpa uparAMtake zaiva kadamba gajAoMko mI prabhAvita karane meM saphala huA thA / brAhmaNabhakta hone aura azvamegha racanepara bhI unhoMne janoMko dAna diye the| dharma mahArAja zrI kRSNavarmA dvitIyake priya putra yuvarAja devavarmAne triparvatake Upara kA kucha kSetra arhat bhagavAna ke caityAlayakI marammata, pUnA aura mahimAke liye yApanIya saMghako dAna kiyA thaa| dAnapatrameM devavarmAko * kadamba-kura-ketu'- raNapriya- dayAmRtamukhAsvAdaptapuNyaguNepsu - devavammaikavIra' likhA hai, jisase unake 1-" Their ( Kadambas' ) poets were Jains; their ministers were Jainas; some of their personal names were Jaina ; the donces of their grants were Jaina-The type of literature as evidenced by the Goa copper-plates was of the Jaina Karya Kind-Prof. B. S. Rao. sAiMje0, bhA0 2 pRSTha 45. 2-jamIyo0, mA0 22 pR. 61. 3-jaisAI0, pR0 51.

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30] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mahAn vyaktitvakA patA calatA hai / sArAMzataH kadamba vaMzake rAjAoM dvArA jaina dharmakA abhyudaya vizeSa humA thaa| kadamba-sAmrAjyameM digambara jaina dharma hI prabala thA, yadyapi usa samaya vaha kaI saMghoM jaise yApanIya. jaina sNprdaay| kUrcaka, ahiriSTa AdimeM vibhakta hogayA thaa| parantu digambara jainoMke sAtha hI zvetAmbara jainoMkA astitva bhI kadamba rAjyameM thaa| kadamba dAnapatroMmeM unako * zvetapaTa ' likhA gayA hai, jaba ki digambara jainoMkA ullekha * nintha ' nAmase huA hai / ' mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki usa samayataka digambara jainI apane prAcIna nAma ' nimrantha ' se hI prasiddha the| unake sAdhu naMge rahA karate the, jinakA manukaraNa zvetapatra jainoM ke atirikta zeSa saba hI saMpradAyoM ke jainI kiyA karate the / ahiriSTa nirgrantha saMbhavataH kaliGga dezataka phaile hue the, kyoMki bauddha graMtha ' dAThA vaMza' se pragaTa hai ki kaliGgakA guhaziva nAmaka rAjA mahirika-nigranthoM kA bhakta thaa| jaba guhazivake bauddha maMtrIne use jaina dharma ke vimukha bhara diyA thA, taba yaha nigrantha pATaliputrake rAjA pAMDuke bhAzrayameM jArahe the|' hamAre vicArase yaha ahirikanirgandha aura kadamba dAnapatrameM ullikhita mahiriSTa-nirgrantha eka hI the| inhIMkA ullekha saMskRta graMthoM meM saMbhavataH mahIka nAmase huA hai| -jaihika, mA. 14, pR. 220. 2-dAThAyo pR0 10-14 va vidimu. pR. 50 va 124.

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pallava aura kAdamba rAjavaMza / [ 31 yApanIya - saMghakI utpatti tIsarI zatAbdimeM huI kahI jAtI hai / devasenAcArya ne 'darzanasAra' meM likhA hai varSa pacat ki vikramarAjakI mRtyuke 205 kalyANanagara meM zvetAMbara sAdhu zrIkalazane yApanIya digambara jaina saMgha / yApanIya saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii|' zrI ratnanandijI ' bhadrabAhu carit ' meM isa saMghakI utpattike viSaya meM likhate haiM ki kaTaka meM rAjA bhUpAka rAjya karate the, jinakI priya rAnI nRkuladevI thiiN| rAnIne ekadA rAjAse usake guruoMko bulAne ke lie kahA / rAjAne buddhisAgara maMtrI ko bhejakara una guruoMko bulavAyA; kiMtu jaba ve Aye aura rAjAne dekhA ki ve digaMbara na hokara vastradhArI sAdhu haiM to usake AzcaryakA ThikAnA na rahA / vaha cupacApa ranavAsameM lauTa AyA / rAnIko jaba yaha bAta mAlUma huI to vaha jaldI se apane guruyoMke pAsa gaI aura unheM samajhA-bujhAkara nirgrantha digambara bheSa dhAraNa karA diyaa| rAjA unakA bAhya bheSa dekhakara prasanna huaa| una sAdhuoMkI zeSa kriyAyeM zvetAmbarIba sAdhuoMke samAna rahIM isIliye ve loga 'yApanIya' nAma se prakhyAta hogaye / isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki yApaya saMghake sAdhuoMne digambara aura zvetAmbaroMke bIcameM 'madhyamArga' grahaNa kiyA thaa| ve rahate to the digambaroMkI taraha naMge aura digambara pratimAoM kI sthApanA karAte the, parantu strI mukti aura kevalIkavalAhAra jaise zvetAmbarIya siddhAMtoko bhI mAnate the / isIliye unakA apanA svAdhIna astitva thA / 1- behi0, mA0 13.

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32) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jJAta hai zilAlekhIya zAkSIse yaha jJAta hai ki yApanIya saMke savAdhuoMkA kAryakSetra kAITAka dezake mAsapAsa rahA hai| kevala kadambavaMzake rAjAoMse hI yApanIya saMgha bhAcAryoMne sammAna pAyA ho, yaha bAta nahIM hai, balki gaThaura aura cAlukyavaMzoMke rAjAoMne bhI unake bhAcAryokA mAdara kiyA thaa| rAThaura prabhUtavarSa ( 812 I0) ne yApanIya saMghake vijayakIrti ke ziSya arka kIrtiko dAna diyA thaa| isa dAnapatrameM yApanIya saMghako naMdigaNa aura punnAga-vRkSa mUla saMghase sambandhita likhA hai| pUrvIya cAlukyarAna amma dvitIya (945 I0) ne bhI yApanIya AcArya divAkarake ziSya maMdigdevako dAna diyA thaa| IsvI 14 vIM zatAbdi taka yApanIya saMghake astitvakA patA calatA hai| uparAMta vaha digambara saMghameM hI antarmukta huA pratIta hotA hai| kadaMba aura pallava rAjyakAla ke aMtargata jaina saMghameM bahuta-kucha uthala puthala huI pratIta hotI hai| jaina saMghameM jaina saMghakI digambara aura zvetAMbara saMghabheda huye sau-dosthiti| so varSa hI vyatIta huye the ki yApanIya saMghakA janma huA milatA hai| hamAre khayAlase yApanIya saMghakI sthApanA dvArA una AcAryoMkA bhAva punaH eka daphA jaina saMghako milAkara eka banA denA thA; parantu vaha bhAcArya apane isa udyogameM saphala nahIM huye / ulTe digambaroM aura 1-jarnala bhAva dI yUnIvarsiTI oNva bombe, mA0 , saMkhyA meM pragaTa pro0 upAdhyekA lekha dekhie|

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pachava aura kAdamba raajvNsh| [33 zvetAMbaroMmeM aneka saMgha aura gaccha utpanna hogae / uparAnta yApanIyoMke prati jo kaTTaratAkA bartAva digaMbara kiyA karate the, usameM bhI zithilatA AgaI; yahI kAraNa hai ki uparAMtake zilAlekhoMmeM yApanIya AcAryoM kI gaNanA nandigaNa maura punAga-vRkSa-mUlasaMghameM kI gaI hai| jaina saMghake sAdhuoMmeM jisa prakAra sAdhu jIvanakI kriyAoMko lekara matabheda aura saMghabheda huye, usa prakAra unake bhakta zrAvaka paraspara anaikyameM gRsita huye nahIM milate / zrAvakoMkA mukhya kartavya dAna denA aura devapUjA karanA rahA hai| isa samayake zilAlekhoMmeM ina do bAtoMkI hI mukhyatA milatI hai / zrAvaka dharmAyatanoMke liye dAna dete huye milate haiM tathA jinendra pUjAko prakarSatA bhI ve diyA karate the| dAna, jinendra pUjanake atirikta sAdhuoMko AhAradAna dene ke liye bhI kiyA jAtA thA aura eka hI dAtAra udAratApUrvaka saba hI sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoMko dAna detA thaa| zrAvakoMmeM kaTTaratA pratIta nahIM hotii| unakI pUjAke liye jo mUrtiyAM nirmApita kI jAtI thIM ve prAyaH eka-samAna digambara hotI thiiN| belagAmameM yApanIya saMgha dvArA pratiSThita aura sthApita huI jina pratimAyeM haiM, jinakI pUjA Aja bhI digambarI nisaMkoca bhAvase kara rahe haiN|' usa samayake zrAvakoko dharma prabhAvanA ( mahimA ) kA bhI dhyAna thaa| nayA mandira banavAne ke sAtha hI ve purAne maMdiroMkA jIrNoddhAra karate the| ana dharmakA prakarSa tabataka itanA adhika thA ki tirujJAna samandara aura apara sadRza vidharmI bhAcAryoko 1-pUrva pramANa pRSTa 228.

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34 ] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jainadharma aura itara unase morcA lenA par3A thaa| unhoMne apane sNpdaay| graMthoMmeM jainoMkA khUba hI ullekha kiyA hai| isa prakAra jainoMko usa samaya apane gharameM utpanna matavigrahako zamana karaneke sAtha hI vidharmI logoMse bhI mukAbilA lenA par3atA thaa| isa mAvazyaktAkA anubhava karake hI mAlama hotA hai, unhoMne apanA saMgaThana kiyA thaa| 'digambara darzana' nAmaka granthase pragaTa hai ki san 470 I0 meM zrI pUjyapAdake ziSya vajranandine madurAmeM 'drAviDa saMgha' kI sthApanA kI thI; jisameM ve saba hI jaina sAdhu sammilita huye the jo dakSiNa bhAratameM jaina dharmakA pracAra karane meM vyasta the / ' brAhmaNa loga apane sAhitya saMghameM jainoMko sthAna nahIM dete the| isa apamAnako usa samayake vidvAn jaina sAdhu sahana nahIM kara ske| unhoMne apanA alaga 'saMgha' sthApita kiyA aura dharma evaM sAhityakI unnatimeM saMlama hogaye / ajainoM para isakA acchA prabhAva par3A aura jainI apanI saMskRtiko surakSita rakhane aura sAhityako unnata banAne meM saphala huye| ajaina zAstrakAroMne jainadharmakA adhyayana karanA bhAvazyaka samajhA / sambandara aura appara eka samaya tatkAlIna jainadharma / svayaM jainI the / jaina dharmakA adhyayana karake unhoMne apane zAstroM meM usakA khaMDana kiyA 2-sAiM0, bhA0 1 pR. 52. indanandijIne 'nItisAra' meM drAvida saMpakI gaNanA paMca jainAbhAsoM meM kI hai| parantu zilAlekhIya pAkSIse usakA sammAnanIya honA pramANita hai|

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pallava aura kAdamba raajvNsh| [15 hai| phira bhI jo kucha bhI unhoMne likhA hai usase tatkAlIna jaina dharmake svarUpakA patA calatA hai / isa samaya arthAt I0 7 vIM8 vIM zatAndi taka jainadharmakA kendra madurA hI thaa| usake bhAsapAsa bhanemale, masumale ityAdi jo mATha parvata the, una para jaina dharmake bhagraNI sAdhu loga rahA karate the| unhIMke hAthameM jaina saMghakA netRtva thaa| ve jaina sAdhugaNa ekAntameM rahate the-jana samudAyase prAyaH kama milate the| ve prAkRta bhASA bolate aura nAkake svarase mantroMkA uccAraNa karate the| veda aura brAhmaNoM kA khaMDana karanemeM hamezA tatpara rahate hue ve teja dhUpameM grAma-grAma vicarate the| unake hAthoM meM maksara eka chatrI, eka caTAI aura eka mora picchikA rahatI thii| ina sAdhuoMko zAstrArtha karane kA bar3A cAva thA aura anya matake bhAcAryoko bAda parAsta karane meM unheM majA bhAtA thA / ve dezaluJcana karate aura striyoM ke sammukha bhI nama rahate the / mAhArake pahale ve apane zarIroMko svaccha (sAna ) nahIM karate the| ve ghora tapasyA karate the aura mAhArameM soMTha tathA marutavRkSa (?) kI pattiyAM adhika lete the| ve zarIrameM bhasma (gallnut powder ) bhI ramAte the| ve yaMtra-maMtrake abhyAsameM dakSa the aura apane maMtroMkI khUba prazaMsA karate the / ' jena sAdhuoMke isa varNanase unakA prabhAvazAlI honA spaSTa hai| ve jJAna-dhyAna aura tapazcaraNameM lIna rahane ke sAtha hI jainadharma prabhAvanAke lie harasamaya dattacisa rahate the| isakA martha yaha hai ki 've mahAn paNDita the| unake netRtva jainadharmakA mabhyudaya hubhA thaa| 1-sAijaika mA0 1, pR. 0-1.

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36 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | ( 2 ) gaGga-rAjavaMza | dakSiNa bhAratameM mandhrarAjavaMza zaktihIna honepara IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoMmeM jo rAjavaMza zakti zAlI huye the, unameM gaGga- rAjavaMza bhI eka pramukha rAjavaMza thA / pallava, kadamba, ikSvAku Adi rAjavaMzoM ke sAtha hI isakA bhI abhyudaya huA thA aura vartamAna maisUra rAjya meM vaha zAsanAdhikArI thA / yadyapi gaGga rAjavaMzakI utpattike viSaya meM kaI kimbadantiyA~ pracalita haiM parantu yaha spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratakA vaha atyanta pratiSThita rAjakula thaa| gaGgavaMzakI apanI anuzruti isa viSaya meM yaha hai ki ikSvAkuvaMzI harizcandrake putra bharata the, jinakI rAnI vijayamahAdevIne eka dina gaMgA snAna kiyA aura varadAnameM gaGgadatta nAmaka putra pAyA / inhIM gaGgadatta kI santati 'gaGga' vaMzake nAmase prasiddha huii| ujjaina ke rAjA mahIpAlane jaba gaGgapara AkramaNa kiyA to padmanAma gaGgane apane do putroMdidiga aura mAdhavako rAjacihnoM sahita dakSiNakI ora bheja diyA / unake cacere bhAI pahale se hI kaliGgameM rAjya kara rahe the| ina donoM bhAiyoMne eka jainAcArya kI sahAyatA se gaGgarAjyakI sthApanA kI / kaliGgake gaGga rAjAoMke zilAlekhoM meM bhI gaMgAsnAna ke varadAnasvarUpa janme huye gAGgeyakI santAna 'gaGga' rAjA kahe gaye haiM / gaGganRka gaGga- rAjavaMza | 1 - dukA0 71225, 236 va 35: 2- gaGga0 pRSTha 5-6.

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gaGga raajvNsh| [37 durvanIta ke gummareDDipurake dAnapatra meM gaGgarAjAoMko yadukula ziromaNi kRSNamahArA jase sambandhita batAyA hai| sva0 jAyasavAla jIne gaGgakulako magadhake kaNvavaMzI rAjAoMkI santAna bhanumAna kiyA thA; kyoMki aMtima ghaNvarAjA Andhra nRpako pakar3akara dakSiNa legaye the aura gaGgoMkA gotra bhI kaNvayana hai| eka anya vidvAn anumAna karate haiM ki ve kodezameM rAjya ___ karanevAle rAjAoM ke vaMzaja haiN| 'koadeza koDadezake raajaa| rAjAkkala' meM ina rAjAoMke nAma nimna prakAra likhe haiM:bIrarAya cakravartI-goviMdarAya-kRSNarAya-kAlavallabha-goviMdarAya-kannara ( kumAra ) deva-tiruvikrama / gaGgavaMzake pahale rAjAkA nAma koGguNivarman thA aura uparAMta kaI gaGgarAjAoMke vaise hI nAma the jaise ki koDadezake uparokta rAjAmoMke the| uparyullikhita kAlavallabha, govinda aura kannara rAjAbhoMke rAjamantrI nAganandi nAmaka jainI the| aise hI kAraNoMse kodezake prAcIna rAjavaMzase gaGgarAjavaMzakA sambandha sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki unakA samparka ikSvAkuvaMzase thaa| san 225 I. se san 345 I. taka ikSvAku vaMzake rAjAoMne AMdhra dezameM kRSNa nadIse uttara dizAmeM sthita dezapara rAjya kiyA thaa| zrI kRSNarAvakA anumAna hai ki 1-pUrva pramANa / 2-pUrva prmaann| 3-jamIyo0, bhAga 26, pR. 247-254.

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38] saMkSita jaina itihAsa / REAMINARIYANAINAAMANARTHAN inhIM ikSvAku rAjAoMkI santatimeM gaDa rAjyake saMsthApaka bhrAtRyugala the / udhara yUnAnI lekhaka linIne kaliGgake gaGgoMkA ullekha 'gariDai kaliGge' (Gangeridae Kalingae) nAmase kiyA hai| gaGga zila lekhoM aura yUnAnI lekhakoMke varNanase yaha bhI manumAna hotA hai ki gaGgoMke Adi puruSa gaGgA nadIke pAsavAle pradezameM basate the / vahAMse uparAMta ve kaliGga aura dakSiNa bhAratako cale gae the| sArAMzataH gaGgoMkA sambandha ikSvAku chatriyoM aura gaGgA nadIse spaSTa hai| acchA, to IsAkI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM ikSvAku-kSatriyoMke do rAjakumAra perUra nAmaka sthAnapara mAye / didiga-mAdhava va yaha dono rAjakumAra bhAI-bhAI the aura siMhanaMdI AcArya / inake nAma didiga aura mAdhava the| perUrameM, jo uparAMta vahAMpara gA rAjyakI sthApanA hone ke kAraNa gaha-perUra' nAmase prasiddha hogayA, una donoM bhAiyoMko zrI siMhanandi nAmaka jainAcArya mile| unhoMne jainAcAryakI bandanA kI aura unheM apanA guru svIkAra kiyaa| siMhanandAcAryane unheM samucita zikSA pradAna kI aura padmAvatIdevIse unake liye eka varadAna prApta kiyaa| unhoMne una rAjakumAroMko eka talavAra bhI bheTa kI bhaura unakA rAjya sthApita karA denekA vacana diyA / guru mahArAjake isa mAzvAsanase una dono bhAiyoMko patIva pasamatA 1-gA, pR. 9. 2-prosIDiMgasa bhAThavIM Ala iMDiyA bhoriyaMTala kAsa, masUra, pR0 572-582.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [39 huI aura mAdhavane jayakAreke sAtha vaha talavAra hAtha meM lI aura apanA pauruSa pragaTa karane ke liye usake eka bArase eka zilAke do Tukar3e kara DAle / siMhanandisvAmIne yaha eka zubha zakuna samajhA aura 'kanikara kalikAmo' kA eka mukuTa banAkara unake zIzapara rakha diyA tathA apanI mopicchikA dhvajarUpameM unheM bheTa kii| sAtha hI AcArya mahArAjane una bhAiyoM ko pratijJA karAke mAdeza diyA ki " yadi tuma apanI pratijJA maGga karoge, yadi tuma jaina zAsanake pratikUla jAoge, yadi tuma para-strI-lampaTI hoge, yadi tuma madya-mAMsa bhakSaNa karoMge, yadi tuma dAna nahIM karoMge, aura yadi tuma raNAGgaNase pITha dikhAkara bhAgoge to nizcaya tumhArA kula nAzako prApta hogaa| " isa mAdezako donoM bhAiyoMne zirodhArya kiyA / usa samaya maisUra ( jo taba gaNavADIke nAmase prasiddha thA ) ye jainiyoMkI madhika saMkhyA thI aura unake guru bhI zrI siMhanandi bhAcArya the| guru AjJA mAnakara janatAne didiga aura mAdhavako bhapanA rAjA svIkAra kiyA / isa prakAra zrI siMhanaMdi AcAryakI sahAyatAse gaGga rAjyakA janma huA aura isa rAjya meM adhikRta pradeza * ganavAr3I 96000 ' ke nAmase prakhyAta humA / ' usa samaya gaGgavADIkI sImAyeM isa prakAra thIM-uttarameM usakA vistAra maranDale ( Marandale ) taka thA, gaGga raajy| pUrva dizAmeM vaha TonDaimaMDalam taka phailA humA ____thA, pazcimameM cera rAjyakA nikaTavartI samudra 1-gaha, pR. 5-7, ikA0 va jaizisaM0 bhUmikA pR. 71-72.

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40 ] saMkSipta jana itihaas| thA aura dakSiNameM koGdeza thA / sArAMzataH mAdhunika maisUrakA adhikAMza bhAga gaGgavADImeM aMtabhukta thA aura maisUra meM jo Aja kala gaGgaDikAra ( gaGgavADikAra ) nAmaka kisAnoMkI bhArI jana saMkhyA hai ve gaGganarezoMkI prajAke hI vaMzaja haiN| gaGgarAjAoMkI sabase pahalI rAjadhAnI 'kuvalAla' va 'kolAra' thI, jo pUrvI maisUrameM pAlAra nadI ke taTapara hai| pIche rAjadhAnI kAverIke taTa para 'talakADa' ko haTA lIgaI jise saMskRta bhASAmeM talavanapura kahA gayA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdimeM mankuNDa ( cannapATanase pazcimameM ) rAjagRha rakkhA gayA aura AThavIM zatAbdime zrI puruSa nAmaka gaGganarezane apanI rAjadhAnI baGgalorake samIpa mAnyapura bhI niyukta kI thii| gaGgoMkA rAjacihna 'madagajendra lAJchana' (matta hAthI) aura unakI rAjadhvajA 'piJchadhvaja' thI, jo phUloMse aMkita thii| dakSiNake rAjavaMzoMmeM vaha pramukha jaina dharmAnuyAyI gajavaMza 5 / ' gaGgoMkI rAjavaMzAvalI, itihAsa aura unakI tithiyoM unake prApta zAsanalekhoMse hI saMkalita kiye gaye haiM, jisakA saMkSipta-sAra yahAM pAThakoMke jJAna varddhanArtha upasthita kiyA jAtA haiyaha smaraNa rahe ki kaliGgake gaGgoMse bhinnatA pradarzita karane ke liye maisUrake gaGgarAjA 'pazcimI gaGgavaMzake didiga koGguNivarma / nareza' kahe gaye haiN| ina pazcimI gaGgoM ke Adi nareza didiga the. jinakA dUsarA nAma koNivarma athavA konkanivarmana bhI thaa| didigake isa nAmako 1-gaGga0, pR. 8 va jaizi saM0 pR. 7 (bhUmikA)

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gngg-raajvNsh| [41 uparAntake gaGgarAjAoMne virUdarUpameM dhAraNa kiyA thaa| yaha Upara likhA jA cukA hai ki gaGgagajyake saMsthApaka yahI mahApuruSa the / didigane maisurameM bANAvaMzI rAjAoMko parAsta kiyA aura koGkanataTa para avasthita mADali para adhikAra jamAyA thaa| isa sthAnapara apane guruke upadezase unhoMne eka jina caityAlaya nirmApita karAyA thaa|' mA siMhake kuDalUra dAnapatrase prakaTa hai ki 'koNivarmA (didiga ) ne zrI arhadbhaTTArakake matake anuprahase mahAna zakti aura zrI siMhanandAcAryakI kRpAse bhujavikrama aura pauruSa prApta kiye the| inake choTe bhAI mAdhava inako rAjya saMcAlanameM sahAyatA dete the / kahA jAtA hai ki didigane adhika samayataka rAjya kiyA thaa| didigake pazcAt unakA putra kiriya (laghu) mAdhava rAjyA dhikArI huA ! unakA uddezya prajAko sukhI kiriya mAdhava / banAnA thaa| nissandeha gaGga rAjanItimeM rAjatvakA Adarza samyak rUpeNa prajAkA pAlana karanA thA / ( samyak-prajA-pAlana-mAtrAdhigatarAjya-prayojanasya ) mAdhava eka yoddhA honeke sAtha hI kuzala vidvAna the| vaha nItizAstra, upaniSada, samAjazAstra Adi zAstroMke paMDita the| kaviyoM aura paMDitoMkA sammAna vaha svabhAvataH kiyA karate the / unhoMne -- dattaka sUtra' nAmaka eka grantha bhI likhA thA |r 1-gaGga. pR0 25-26. 2-jaisAiM0 pR0 54. rAisa sA0 inakA gajyakAla dvitIya zatAbdi batalAte haiN| eka dAnapatrameM usakA samaya san 1.3 60 likhA hai| maiku. pR. 32. 2-gA. pR0 21.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | mAdhava aura unake pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratakI rAjanaitika paristhiti ne aisA rUpa grahaNa kiyA ki jisameM rAjanaitika sthiti / gaGga narezakA aikya sambandha pallavoMse sthApita hogayA / pahale to pallavane gaGga rAjyapara adhikAra jamAnA cAhA; parantu jaba kadamba rAjAoMne unase virodha dhAraNa kiyA to unake nigraha ke liye paluvoMne goMse maitrI kara lI / gaGga rAjyakA bala isa saMghise bar3ha gayA aura bhAge calakara vaha apanA rAjyaM sudRr3ha banA sake / yaha isa samayakI rAjanItikI eka khAsa ghaTanA hai / 1 42 ] mAdhava ke uparAMta unakA putra harivarmA lagabhaga san 436 I0 meM siMhAsanArUr3ha huA aura san 475 I0 taka saMbhavataH usakA rAjya rahA / harivarmA | pallavarAja siMhavarma dvitIyane unakA rAjatilaka kiyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki harivarmAne yuddhameM hAthiyoMse kAma kiyA thA aura dhanuSakA saphala prayoga karake apAra sampatti ekatra kI thI / inhoMne hI kAverI taTapara talakADameM rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thI / inakI sabhA meM brAhmaNoMne bauddhoMko parAsta kiyA thaa| brAhmaNoMko 1 inhoMne dAna diye the / tagaDUra ke dAnapatra se pragaTa hai ki isa rAjAne eka kisAnako apyogAla nAmaka gAMva isaliye bheMTa kiyA thA ki usane hemAvatIkI lar3AI meM acchI bahAdurI dikhAI thI / vIroMkA sammAna karanA vaha jAnatA thA / 3 1-gama0 10 26-20. 2- baGga0 pR0 29. 3- meku0, 1043.

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gngg-raajvNsh| / 43 EMEN............... M .Mak harivarmAke uttarAdhikArI viSNugopa huye, jinhoMne jainamatako tilAJjali dekara vaiSNavamata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| vissnnugop| unake vaiSNava hone para jo pAMca rAjacihna indrane gaGgoMko diye the vaha lupta hogaye / dAnapatroMmeM inheM 'zakratulya-parAkrama, nArAyaNa-caraNAnudhyAtA, gurugobrAhmaNa pUjaka' ityAdi kahA hai, jisase inakI dhArmikatA spaSTa hotI hai| rAjyasaMcAlanameM vaha brahaspati tulya kahe gaye haiN| viSNugopakA nAtI aura pRthvIgaGgakA putra tadaGgala mAdhava unake bAda rAjA huaa| yaha apane pauruSa aura tadaGgala mAdhava / bhuja vikramake liye prasiddha thaa| vaha eka nAmI pahalavAna bhI thaa| vaha vyambakadevakA upAsaka thA aura brAmaNoMko usane dAna die the| yadyapi vaha svayaM zaiva thA parantu usane jaina mandiroM aura bauddha vihAroMko bhI dAna diyA thaa| usake rAjyakAlameM gaNarAjyakA utkarSa humA thA / kadambarAja kRSNavarman dvitIyakI bahana mAdhavako byAhI thI, jinakI kokhase prasiddha gaGgarAnA mavinItakA janma huA thA / mAdhavane mI apane vIra yoddhAmoMkA sammAna kiyA thaa| avinItakA rAjyatikaka usakI mAkI godameM hI hogayA thaa| mAluma hotA hai ki usake pitAne dIrghakAla. aviniit| taka rAjya kiyA thA aura vaha unake svargavAsI ho jAnepara janmA thaa| kahA 1-gA* pR. 1. 2-maiku., pR. 34. 3-14. pR0 31-12.

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44] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jAtA hai ki eka dina avinIta kAverI taTapara Aye to vahAM unhoMne sunA ki koI unheM 'satajIvI' kahakara pukAra rahA hai / nadI pUre vegase baha rahI thii| avinIta usameM kUda par3e aura pAra taira gaye / unakA byAha punnATake rAjA skandavarmanakI kanyAse huA thaa| zAsana lekhoMse pragaTa hai ki avinIta kI zikSA dIkSA eka jainakI bhAMti huI thii| jaina vidvAna vijayakIrti unake guru the| apane rAjyazAsanake pahale varSameM unhoMne urnuu| aura perUrake jina mandiroMko dAna diyA thaa| vaise brAhmaNoM ko bhI unhoMne dAna diye the| zAsana lekhoMmeM bhavinIta zaurya ke avatAra-hAthiyoMko vaza karanemeM madvitIya aura eka anUThe ghur3asavAra evaM dhanurdhara kahe gae haiN| vaha dezakI rakSA karanmeM saMlagna aura varNAzrama dharmako sUrakSita banAe rakhane meM dattacitta the / yadyapi unheM harakA upAsaka kahA gayA hai, parantu unakA jhukAva jaina dharmakI ora adhika thA / apane rAjyake prArambha aura aMtameM unhoMne jainoMko khUba dAna diye the-punnaDakI jaina vastiyoMpara vaha vizeSa rUpeNa sadaya hue the| bhavinItakA putra duvinIta unake bAda ganA humaa| prAraMbhika gaGga rAjAoMmeM vaha eka mukhya rAjA thaa| duniiit| usake rAjyakAlameM gaGgarASTrameM ullekhanIya __ parivartana huye the| purAne riti rivAja aura rAjanItimeM ullekhanIya sudhAra huye the-loga samudAra hogae the / mRtyu samaya bhavinItane apane guru vijayakIrtikI sammatipUrvaka apane laghu 1-gaga0, pR. 33.2-maiku., pR0 15. 3-gaha pRSTha 34.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [45 putrako rAjA ghoSita kiyA thaa| durvinItako yaha sahana nahIM huApariNAma svarUpa bhAiyoMmeM gRhayuddha chidd'aa| durvinItakI sahAyatA cAlukya gajakumAra vijayAdityane kI, jo dakSiNameM rAjya saMsthApanakI cintAmeM ghUma rahA thaa| usake mAIke sahAyaka kaDaveTTi aura rASTrakUTa vaMzoMke rAjA huye / vijayAdityakI sahAyatAse durvinIta hI rAjyAghikArI humaa| usakA vivAha vijayAdityakI kanyAse huyA thA / durvinItako rAjagaddI pA baiThA kara vijayAditya vijaya-garvase Age bar3hA aura kuntala deza para usane adhikAra jamAyA / trilocana pallavako yaha asahya humA / una donoM kA ghamAsAna yuddha chir3A, jisameM vinayAditya kAma kAyA / kintu durvinIkI sahAyatAse vijayAditya ke putra jayasiMha vallabhane trilocanase badalA cukAyA / kucha to ca'lukyoMkI sahAyatA ke liye aura kucha kohunAda pradezako pallavoMse punaH vApasa lenekI bhAvanAse durvinIta barAbara pallavoMse lar3atA rahA; parantu cAlukyoMmeM gRhayuddha chir3a jAneke kAraNa vaha apane isa manorathako siddha na kara skaa| to bhI usane pallavoMse aMdharI, allaturu, porakare, pennagare evaM kaI anya sthAna china lie the| usane bhAne nAnAkI rAjadhAnI punnADako bhI jIta liyA thaa| durvinIta eka vijayI vIra yoddhA to the hI, parantu vaha svayaM eka vidvAna aura vidvAnoMke saMrakSaka the| unakI udAratA bhedabhAva nahIM jAnatI thii| jaina, brAhmaNa mAdi sabhI saMpradAyopara vaha sadaya 1-gaGga* pRSTha 35-39.

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46 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | hue the| unheM ' avinIta- sthira - prajvaLa ' 'anIta' aura ' bharinRpa durvinIta ' kahA gayA hai / vaha kRSNake samAna vRSNi vaMzake ratna batAye gae haiM / unameM atula bala thA, adbhuta zaurya thA, apratima prabhutA thI- atima vinaya thI, apAra vidyA aura asIma udAratA thii| unakA caritra yudhiSThira tulya thA / unameM rAjya saMcAlana ke liye tIno zaktiyAM arthAt prabhuzakti, maMtrazakti aura utsAhazakti paryApta vidyamAna thIM / yadyapi vaha vaiSNava kahe gaye haiM, parantu unakI udAra hRdayatA saba dharmoM ke prati samAna thI / " eka zAsana lekha ke AdhAra se rAisa sA0 batAte haiM ki ' zabdAvatAra 'ke racayitA prasiddha jaina vaiyAkaraNa zrI pUjyapAdasvAmI unake zikSA guru the / durvinItane apane guruke padacihnoM para calanekA udyoga kiyA thA / pariNAmataH unheM bhI sAhitya se prema hogayA / kavi bhAravike prasiddha kAvya ' kirAtArjunIya ' ke 15 sarvopara unhoMne eka TIkA racI / ' kavi rAjamArga' meM unakI gaNanA prasiddha kannaDa kaviyoMmeM kI gaI hai / " bhavantI sundarI - kathAsAra " kI utthAnikAse pragaTa hai ki kavi mAravi durvinIta ke rAjadarabAra meM pahuMce the aura kucha samayataka unake mahamAna rahe the| durvinItake kinhIM zilAlekhoMmeM unheM svayaM ' zabdAvatAra nAmaka vyAkaraNakA karttA likhA hai / unhoMne paizAcI prAkRta bhASAmeM race hue 'bRhat kathA nAmaka pranthakA saMskRta bhASAntara racA thaa| durvinIta jaise hI eka saphala granthakAra the vaise hI vaha eka saphala zAsaka the / prajAti ke liye 9 " 1-gaGga0, pR0 40-41. 2 - meku0, pR0:35

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gaajvNsh| [47 unhoMne apanI sampattikA sadupayoga kiyA thaa| vaha parAsta huye zatrukA bhI sammAna karate the| isIliye vaha sabako pyAre the / dakSiNa bhAratake rAjAoMne vaha mahAn the|' muSkara (mokara) durvinItakA putra thA- unake bAda vahI rAjyA dhikArI huA / use kAntivinIta bhI kahate musskr| the| usake do mAI bhaura the, parantu vaha usase choTe the| usakA vivAha siMdhurAjakI kanyAse humA thA / velArIke nikaTa usane 'mokkara vastI' nAmaka jaina mandira banavAyA thA, jisase pragaTa hai ki gaGgarAja usa dizAmeM bar3ha gayA thA / muSkarake samayase gaGgarAjAkA rAjadharma honekA gaurava punaH jainadharmako prApta huA thaa| sindhu rAjakumArIkI kokhase janme muSkarake putra zrI vikrama unake pazcAt rAjyAvikArI huye; parantu zrI vikrm| unake viSayameM kucha vizeSa hAla vidita nahIM hotA / hAM, yaha spaSTa hai ki apane pitAkI mAMti vaha bhI eka vidvAna the| rAnanItikA madhyayana unakA ullekhanIva viSaya thA / vaise vidyAkI caudaha zAkhAoMmeM vaha nipuNa kahe gae haiN| unake do putra mUvikrama aura zivamAra nAmaka the, jo unake pazcAta kramazaH rAjyAdhikArI huye the| 1-gaGga, pR0 43-45. 2-0, pR0 456 maku0, pR0 37. uauku. pR. 37 mA pR.41.

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48) saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / EXANATANAMAHIMANITARIKANERATURINARENTNEPARANASIRAMINEK X SEENETARI kArikala colake prasiddha vaMzakI rAjakumArI bhUvikramakI mAtA thii| bhUvikrama eka mahAn yoddhA aura dasa bhuuvikrm| ghur3asavAra the| unakA zarIra suDaula aura sundara thA; yadyapi unakA vistRta vakSasthala zatruoMke astra prahAroMse cihnita horahA thA / yuddhoMmeM nija parAkrama darzAkara vijayI honeke upalakSame vaha * zrIvallabha' aura 'dugga' virudoMse samalaMkRta the| sAtavIM zatAbdimeM jaba ki raGga rAjA apanA rAjya pUrva aura dakSiNa dizAmoMmeM bar3hA rahe the, taba kadamboMne gaGga rAjyake eka bhAgapara adhikAra jamA liyaa| cAlukyarAja pulikesina dvitIya bhUvikramake samakAlIna aura kadamboMke zatru the| bhUvikramane unase saMghi karake apane zatruoMse badalA cukaayaa| vikandake mahAna yuddha meM unhoMne pallavasenAko harAkara unake rAjyapara madhikAra jmaayaa| unakA eka karada rAjA bANavaMzI sacIndra nAmaka thA, jo mahAvalibANa vikramAditya govindake nAmase prasiddha aura jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| bhUvikramane unheM bhUmi bheMTa kI thii| unhoMne mAnakuNDameM rAjagRha niyata kiyA thaa|' bhUvikrama ke pazcAta unakA choTA bhAI zivamAra rAjasiMhAsana para baiThA aura dIrgha kAlataka usane rAjya shivmaar| kiyA / pallavoMne apanA badalA cukAne ke liye inake zAsanakAlameM gaGgarAjya para mAkramaNa kiyA thaa| kintu pallava saphakamanoratha nahIM huye; barika 1-maiku. pR0 37 va gA* pR. 46-48.

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Page #68
gaGga-vaMza-vRkSa | ikSvAku ( sUryavaMzI ) dhanaMjaya | J ayodhyA ke rAjA harizcandra 1 padmanAbha gaMgavaza saMsthApaka mAdhava prathama ( koMgu tra ( san 103 athavA 340 - 400 I0 [ noTa: - isa vaMzavRkSameM pahale ke rAjAoM kA samaya 30 sA0 ne Adhunika mAnyatAse prAcIna batalAyA thA, isaliye dono ullekha kiye gaye hai / ] dadiga mAdhava dvitIya ( kiriyamAdhava ) ( 400-435 I0 1 ) harivarmma ( 436 I0 ? athavA 287-266 I0 ) viSNugopa * tadaGgagala mAdhava ( 357-200 I0 athavA 450-500 I0 1 ) avinIta ( 430-482 I0 athavA 520 - 540 I0 ? ) 1 durvinIta ( 482 - 510 athavA 540-600 I0 ? 1 muSkara ( 6005- 660 I0 1 ) zrIvikrama (460-665 I0 ? ) bhUvikrama zrIvallama (600 athavA 600-600 I0 ) navakAma ) ? )

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zrIpuruSa ( 726-788 10) rAjaSama sinAdi __ _ nRpatuGga jayataMga (zivamAra dvi. ke samakAlIna ) Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat zivamAra dvi. vijayAditya dAmAra (788-812) rAjamATa satyavAkya (817-853) mArasiMha ( 857) nItimArga prathama (853-869) pRthivIpati ( 853-880) aigyagaMga prathama prathivIpati dvi0 (880-925) (gajamalla dvi0 ke samakAlIna) rAjamalla dvi0 buTuga (870-100) aizyAppa nItimArga dvi. (880-135) -..-..--------- nagasiMha rAjamalla tRtIya buTuga dvi0 20-22) (122-937) (977-960) www.umaragyanbhandar.com mAladeva (rAThaura kRSNa ___mArasiMha (.61-971) tRtIyakI kanyA cyAhI) kanyA (gaThaura indra kI manA gajama caturtha (977-985) rakama( 185-1024) kanyA (Tora indrako yAhI jo sana 984 I.bha svargavAsI (e)

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gaGga-rAjavaMza | [ 49 ulTe zivamArake dvArA vaha parAsta kiye gaye aura unheM rAjakara deneke liye vaha bAdhya huye / hA~, cAlukyarAja vinayAditya kI senA ne gaGgako parAsta kara diyA thA / cAlukyarAjA gaGgoMko apanA pharada samajhate the, parantu gaGgoMne kabhI unako apanA samrAT svIkAra nahIM kiyA / cAlukya unheM hamezA bar3e sammAna aura mAdarakI dRSTise dekhate the / gaGgoM kA ullekha unhoMne 'maula' nAmase kiyA hai / zivamArakA dUsarA nAma avanI mahendra thA / use 'navakAma' aura 'ziSTapriya' bhI kahate the / usakA putra eragaGga thA, parantu vaha usake jIvana meM hI svargavAsI hogayA thaa| do pallava rAjakumAra zivamArake saMrakSaNa meM rahate the | i zivamArake pazcAt usakA potA zrIpuruSa gGga rAjasiMhAsana para zrIpuruSa | san 726 I0 ke lagabhaga AsIna huA / gaGga rAjAoMmeM vaha sarvazreSTha rAjA thA / usake zAsanakAla meM gaGga rASTrakI aisI zrIvRddhi huI ki vaha 'zrI rAjya' ke nAmase prasiddha hogayA / yuvarAja avasthA meM zrIpuruSane muttagsa nAmase kairakuMDa 500, elenagaranADa 70, acanyanADa 300 aura po. kuMDa 12 ( kokara jilA ) pradezoM para rAjya kiyA thA | usane bANavaMzI rAjAoMse lar3AiyAM lar3I thIM aura unheM apanA lohA mAnane ke liye bAdhya kiyA thA / usake zAsanakAlameMTTa (rAThaura) rAjA zaktizAlI horahe the aura unhoMne gaGgarAjA para bhI AkramaNa kiye the / ughara calukyoMne bhI pla 1- gaGga0 10 50. 2 - ku0 pR0 37.

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50] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura pANDya dezoM para dhAvA bolA thaa| cAlukyoMse badalA cukAneke liye koGdezake rAjA nandivarmanne pANDayoM aura gaGgoMse saMdhi kara kI aura tInoMne milakara cAlukyoM para AkramaNa kiyaa| san 757 I0 ko vembai (Vembai) ke yuddha cAlukyarAja kIrtivarman dvitIyakI senA burItaraha parAsta huii| isa yuddhakA cAlukyoM para sthAyI asara par3A aura vaha jaldI panapa na pAye / cAlukyoMse nivaTakara koGgu, pAMDya mAdi rAjAoMko apanA 2 svArtha sAdhanekI dhuna samAI / isI bIcameM pallavoMne pANDayoMse yuddha cher3a diyA aura ughara rAThaura bhI pallavoMse bhA juujhe| nandivarmana ne gaNarAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA; kintu zrIpuruSapara ina bhAkramaNoMkA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3A / vaha apanI sthitiko sudRr3ha banAye rahA / usakA sabase bar3A yuddha pallavoMse huA thaa| zrIpuruSakA putra siyagalla kesumannunADukA zAsaka aura senApati thaa| birDI nAmaka sthAna para huye yuddha meM siyagallane pallavoMko burI taraha harAyA thA / zrIpuruSane vIra kaduveTTi (pallava) ko talavArake ghATa utArakara usakA viruda peramanaDI' dhAraNa kiyA thA / uparAMta yaha viruda gaGga rAjAoM kI apanI khAsa cIz2a hogayA thaa| isa vijayase zrIpuruSakI prasiddha vizeSa huI thI aura use 'bhImakopa' upAdhi milI thii| vaha mahAn vIra thaa| vinayalakSmI usakI cerI homhI thii| zrI puruSako apane rAjyakAlake antima samayameM rAThaura 1-gaMga010 51-55.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [51 ANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN rAjAoMse bhI mukAbilA lenA par3A thA / d| AThavIM zatAbdike madhyavartI samayameM ve cAlukyoMko parAsta karake dakSiNake adhikArI hogae the; jaise ki pAThaka mAge pddh'eNge| rAThaura ( athavA rASTrakUTa) rAjAoMke yaha yuddha bhI rAjya vistArakI AkAMkSAko liye huye the| ina yuddhoMkI bhAzaGkAse hI saMbhavataH zrIpuruSane apanI rAjadhAnI manakuNDase haTAkara mAnyapurameM sthApita kI thii| zrIpuruSakA sabase bhayAnaka yuddha rAThaura rAjA kRSNa prathama athavA kannarasa ballahase huA thA, jisameM kaI gaGga-yoddhA kAma bhAye the| pincanura aura vogeyUke yUddhoMmeM trichatradhArI vIra murukoDe bhanniyara aura paNDita-zArdula zrIrevamana vIra gatiko prApta huye the| kagemogIpurake bhayaMkara yuddhameM zrIpuruSake svayaM senApati murugarenADuke siyagalla raNacaMDIkI bali car3ha gaye the| siyagalla eka mahAna yoddhA the, jinhoMne pallavoMse khUba hI kaDAiyAM lar3I thIM aura jo saMgrAmabhUmimeM rAmatulya evaM zaurya meM puraMdhara kahe jAte the / ina yuddhoMke pariNAma svarUpa kRSNa prathama (rAThaura ) ne gaMgavADIpara kiMcit kAlake lie bhadhikAra jamA liyA thA; kintu vRddha yoddhA zrIpuruSa isa apamAnako sahana nahIM kara ske| unhoMne zakti saMcaya karake rAThauroMpara AkramaNa kiyA aura unheM 'gaMgavAr3Ise nikAlakara bAhara kara diyA; balika unake rAjya ke belArI pradezake pUrvI bhAgapara bhI adhikAra jamA liyaa|' vahAM paramagulakI rAnI aura pakkAdhirAjakI potI kaMDacchIne eka jinAlaya banavAyA nAMga pR. 1-58.

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52 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | thA / zrIpuruSane usake liye dAna diyA / paramagula nirguNDa ke rAjA the / yadyapi zrIpuruSakA adhikAMza jIvana yuddhoMmeM hI vyatIta huA thA aura vaha svayaM eka mahAna yoddhA aura vijetA thA; parantu itanA hote huye bhI vaha krUra aura atyAcArI nahIM thA / unhoMne zrIpuruSakA mahAn vyaktitva | hAthiyoM ke yuddha viSayapara ' gajazAstra ' nAmaka eka graMtha racA thA / vaha svayaM vidvAn thA aura vidvAnoMkA Adara karanA jAnatA thA | kaviyoMkI racanAyeM aura mahAtmAoMke upadezoM ko vaha bar3e cAva se sunatA thA / usakI udAratA ke kAraNa acche 2 kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kA samUha zrIpuruSakI rAjadhAnImeM ekatrita hogayA thA | kavigaNa unakI prazaMsA 'prajApati ' kahakara karate the / unake rAjamahala meM niHya saMta samAgama aura dAnapuNya huA karatA thaa| yadyapi vaha jaina dharma ke zraddhAnI the; parantu brAhmaNoM kA bhI samucita Adara karate the / jainoMke sAtha brAhmaNoMko bhI unhoMne dAna diyA thA / unake aneka virudoMmeM ullekhanIya yaha the : 'pRthivIkoGkaNI'"koGkaNImuttarasa" - "peramanaDI zrIvallabha" aura 'raNabhaJjana" / apane aMtima jIvana meM unhoMne rAjakIya upAdhi "koGgani - rAjAdhirAja - paramezvara zrIpuruSa nAmaka dhAraNa kI thii| . zrIpuruSakI do rAniyA~ vineyakina immaDa aura vijayamahAdebI 0 pR0 39. 2- gaMga, pRSTha 58-59. 2 - maiku0

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gaGga-rAjavaMza / [53 __nAmaka cAlukya rAjakumAriyA~ thiiN| unakA zrIpuruSake putra / sarvajyeSTha putra zivamAra nAmaka thA, jo apane pitAke mRtyu samaya kaDambUra aura kunagaranADu nAmaka prAMtoMkA zAsaka thaa| vijayamahAdevIkA putra vijayAditya koregoDanADu aura masaMDinADu prAMtoMpara zAsana karatA thA; jahAM usake uttarAdhikArI bahuta dinoMtaka rAjya karate rahe the| eka anya putra duggamAra nAmaka thA, jo kovalAkanADu, belaturanADu, pulavakinADu aura munau pradezoMkA zAsaka thaa| sivagella saMbhavataH unake sarvakaghu putra the aura yahI unake senApati the| inhoMne pallavoM aura rAThauroMse apane pitAke liye bar3I lar3AiyAM lar3I thiiN| aMtameM vaha vIragatiko prApta huye the| unakI puNyasmRti eka zAsanalekha maGkita karAyA thaa| isa prakAra zrIpuruSakA mahAn rAjya antako prApta huA thaa|' unake pazcAt unakA jyeSTha putra zivamAra rAjyasiMhAsana para san 788 I0 meM baiThA thaa| rAjasiMhAsana shivmaar| para baiThate hI zivamArako apane choTe bhAI duggamArase jhagar3anA par3A thA, jo khullamakhullA vAgI hogayA thaa| zivamArake karada nolambarAja siMgapoTa apanA dalabala lekara duggamArase jA bhir3e aura use parAsta kara diyA / kintu rAjyArambha huA yaha mamaMgala anta taka amaMgala sUcaka hI rhaa| zivamArake zAsanakAlameM gaGgoMkA bhAgya hI palaTa gyaa| nauvata yahAM taka pahuMcI ki gaGga vaMzake anta honekI mAzaGkA upa 1-pUrva. pR. 59.

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54] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ALMORNIN NNNNNNNNNNN................AN sthita huI thii| bAta yaha huI ki rAThaura rAjA kRSNa prathamane pUrvI cAlukyoMko parAsta karake unake rAjya para adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| zivamArako rAThaura rAjA dhruva nirUpamane giraphtAra karake apane yahAM kaidakhAne meM rakkhA thA, kyoMki usane dhruvake viruddha usake bhAI goviMdakI sahAyatA kI thii| gaNavAr3I para rAjya karane ke liye usane apane jyeSTha putra khambako niyukta kiyaa| gaGga prajAkA isa parivartanase dila dahala gayA thaa| dhruva nirUpamakI Antarika icchA thI ki usake pazcAt usakA laghu putra goviMda rAjyakA adhikArI rAjanaitika ho| isI mAvase usane khambako gaNavADI pristhiti| para rAjya karane bheja diyA thaa| khambane raNAvaloka svabhvaiya nAmase apane pitAke jIvanabhara gaMgavAr3I para rAjya kiyA, parantu jyoM hI unakI mRtyu huI aura san 894 I0meM usakA choTA bhAI goviMda rAjasiMhAsanapara baiThA ki vaha usake viruddha hokara svayaM rAjA bananekA prayAsa karane lgaa| goviMdane isa samaya zivamArako isa nIyatase bandhanamukta kara diyA thA ki vaha khabhvase jA lar3egA; parantu zivamArane aisA nahIM kiyaa| usane rAjatvasUcaka upAdhiyAM dhAraNa kI aura khambase saMghi krlii| zivamArane rAThauroM, cAlukyoM aura haihaya rAjAoMkI saMyukta senA para mAkramaNa kiyaa| muDagunDrameM ghamAsAna yuddha humA, parantu zivamAra zatrukI majeya zaktike sammukha Tika na skaa| rAThauroMne ekavAra phira use bandI banA liyaa| goviMda eka vIra 1-pUrva0 pR. 60-61.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [55 yoddhA thaa| bhAkhira usane bhAIke vidrohako zamana kiyA aura khambake pazcAtApa prakaTa karane para use hI gaMgavADIkA zAsaka niyata kara diyA / svambake uparAMta ThavirAjane gaMgavAr3I para kucha samaya taka zAsana kiyA thaa| kiMtu zivamArake bhAgyane phira palaTA khaayaa| goviMdako pUrvIya cAlukyoMse morcA lenA thA; isaliye usane zivamArako mukta karake use gaMgavAr3IkA rAjyAdhikAra pradAna kara diyA, isataraha eka vAra phira gaMgakA rAjya jmaa| goviMdane apanA sauhArdra prakaTa karaneke liye pallava ghirAja naMdivarman dvitIyake sAtha svayaM apane hAthoMse zivamArako rAjamukuTa pahanAyA thA / rAjA hone para zivamAra rAThaura senAke sAtha pUre bAraha varSa arthAt san 808 I0 taka pUrvIya cAlukya rAja narendra maMgarAja vijayAditya dvitIyase lar3atA rahA thaa| kahate haiM ki cAlukyoMse usane 108 yuddha kiye the| uparAMta dakSiNake rAjAoMmeM svAtmAbhimAna jAgRta huA aura unhoMne cAlukyoM aura rAThauroMse svAdhIna hone ke liye paraspara saMgaThana kiyaa| gaMga, kerala, cola, pANDya aura kAJcIke rAjAoMne milakara govindake viruddha bhatra grahaNa kiye / goviMda bhI sajaghana kara zrImavana nAmaka sthAna para mA DaTA aura dakSiNAtyoMkI saMyukta senAse isa vIratAse bar3A ki usake chakke chur3A diye, dakSiNiyoMkI burI hAra huI / isa mahAyuddha meM gaMgavaMza aura senAke bhaneka puruSa kAma mAgae the| zivamArakA aMtima samaya aMdhakAramaya hogayA thaa| zivamAra eka mahAna yoddhA thA-yuddhakSetrameM vaha vikarAla rUpa 1-gaMga0, pR. 61-64 ba0 meku pR. 41-42 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | isIliye use 'bhIma jIvana / ghAraNa kara letA thA, zivamArakA gArhasthika kopa' kahA gayA hai| kiMtu rAjyasaMcAlana meM vaha eka dayAlu aura udAra zAsaka thA / kummaDavADa nAmaka sthAna para usane eka jaina mandira banavAyA thA aura usake lie dAna diyA thA / zravaNabelagolake choTe parvata para bhI usane eka jaina maMdira nirmApita karAyA thA / brAhmaNoM ko bhI usane dAna diyA thaa| jaina dharma ke liye to vaha AdhArastambha hI the ! yadya pe bhAgya ke jhUre meM unhoMne kaI jhoke khAye the, parantu phira bhI unakA vyaktitva mahAn thA | khAsa bAta to yaha thI ki vaha eka atIva yogya aura zikSita zAsaka the / zarIra bhI unakA suMdara, kAmadeva ke samAna thaa| unakI buddhi tIkSNa, unakI smRti sudRr3ha aura unakA jJAna pariSkRta thA / vaha koI bhI vidyA zIghra hI sIkha lete the / unakI isa alaukika pratibhAne unake samakAlIna rAjAoMko acambhe meM DAla diyA thA / unheM lalitakalA se bhI na thA / keregoDu nAmaka sthAna se uttara dizA meM unhoMne kilnI nadIkA atIva suMdara aura darzanIya pula banAyA thA / vaha svayaM eka pratimAzAlI kavi the / nyAya, siddhAMta, vyAkaraNa Adi vidyAoM meM bhI vaha nipuNa the / nATaka zAstra aura nATayazAlAkA unheM pUrA parijJAna thA / kannar3a bhASA meM unhoMne hAthiyoMke viSayako lekara eka anUThA padyagrantha 'gajazataka' nAmaka likhA thA / 'setubandha' nAmaka eka anya kAvya bhI unhoMne racA thaa| pAtaJjali yoga zAstrakA unhoMne vizeSa adhyayana kiyA thA / 56 ] 1- gaMga0 pR0 65-67.

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gaGga raajvNsh| [57 rAThaura rAjA goviMdane gaMgavADIkA rAjya zivamArake putra mArasiMha aura usake bhAI vijayAdityake yuvarAja maarsiNh| madhya bhASA 2 bAMTa diyA thaa| zivamArake bandI hone para mArasiMhane lokatrinetra upAdhi dhAraNa karake gaMgavAr3I para zAsana kiyA thaa| rAThaura rAjAoMke mAdhIna rahakara mArasiMhane yuvarAjake rUpameM gaGgamaNDala para zAsana kiyA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne gaGgavaMzakI eka svAdhIna zAstrA sthApita kI thii| zivamArakA eka anya putra pRthivIpati nAmaka thaa| usane amoghavarSa ke bhayase bhage huye manuSyoMko zaraNa dI thI aura pAMDyarAjA varaguNako zrIpura mviyamke maidAnameM parAsta kiyA thaa| kiMtu uparAMta isake viSayameM kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa| zAyada vaha aura vijayAditya donoM hI zivamArake jIvana meM hI svargavAsI hogae the| mArasiMhake samayameM gaGga rAjya do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta hogayA thaa| eka mAgapara mArasiMha aura usake gaGga rAjyake do uttarAdhikArI rAjya karate rahe the aura dUsare bhaag| para vijayAdityakA putra rAjamalla satyavAkya zAsanAdhikArI humA thaa| rAjamalla san 817 I0 ko rAjagaddIpara baiThA, jaba ki mArasiMha kokara Adi uttara-pUrvIya prAMtoMpara zAsana kara rahA thA / mArasiMhane san 853 I0 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| 1-pUrva* pR0 68. 2-maikR0 pR0 42. 3-gaGga0 pR069

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | mArasiMhakA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAI dindiga huA thA, jisakA apara nAma pRthivIpati thA / vaha dindiga | jaina dharmakA mahAn saMrakSaka thA / usane zravaNabelagolA meM kaTavatra parvatapara jainAcArya 58 ] HO ariSTanemikA nirvANa ( ? samAdhi ) apanI rAnI kampilA sahita dekhA thA / usakI putrI kundavvaikA vivAha bANavaMzI rAjA vidyAdhara vikramAditya jayameruke sAtha huA thA / usane amoghavarSa rAThaura se trAsa pAye huye nAgadanta aura joriMga nAmaka rAjakumAroMko zaraNa dI thii| unakI mAnarakSA ke liye dindigane kaI yuddha rAThauroM se kar3e the / vaimbalagurike yuddha meM vaha jakhamI huye the; kintu vIra dindigane apane jakhamameM se eka haDDIkA Tukar3A kATakara gaGgAmeM pravAhita karAyA thA / usake samakAlIna anya mUla zAkhA meM gaGga rAjA rAjamalla satyavAkya aura buTuga the / unake sAtha vaha bhI pallava - pANDya - yuddha meM bhAga detA rahA thA / aparAjita pallavase dindigane mitratA kara lI thI aura unake sAtha vaha zrI purambiyamke mahAyuddha meM varaguNa pAMDya se san 880 I0 meM bahAdurI ke sAtha lar3A thA / udayendiram ke lekha se pragaTa hai ki varaguNako parAsta karake aparAjitake nAmako dindiga pRthivIpatine amara banA diyA thA aura apanA jIvana utsarga karake yaha vIra svargagatiko prApta huA the| 1 dindigake pazcAt gaGgakI isa zAkhAme pRthivIpati dvitIya nAmaka rAjAne rAjya kiyA thA / usane 1-gaha 0 pR0 70-71.

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gaGga raajvNsh| [59 pRthivIpati dvitIya / cola-pallava, yuddha meM bhAga liyA thaa| colarAja pArAntaka prathama inake mitra the| pArAntakane bANa rAjyakA aMta karake unake dezakA zAsanAdhikAra pRthivIpatiko pradAna kiyA thaa| sAtha hI unako 'nANAdhirAja' aura 'hastimalla' virudoMse alaMkRta kiyA thaa| uparAMta pRthivIpati rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa tRtIyakA sAmanta hogayA thaa| kiMtu jaba inake samakAlIna mUla gaGgarAja nItimArga dvitIyane rASTrakUToMkA adhikAra mAnanA bhasvIkAra kiyA to yaha bhI svAdhInatAkI ghoSaNA kara baitthe| pariNamataH vanavAsIke rAThaura vAyasarAyane una para mAkramaNa kiyA aura unheM yuddha meM parAsta kara diyaa| saMbhavataH pRthivIpati punaH rAThauroMke sAmanta ho gye| naniya gaGga unake bAda rAjA huye, parantu vaha eka yuddha meM kAma mAye aura unake sAtha gaGgoMkI yaha zAkhA samApta hogii| gaGgavaMzakI mUla zAkhAmeM zivamArake pazcAt vijayAditya ke putra rAjamalla rAjyAdhikArI huye / unake rAjyarAjamalla / siMhAsanArohaNake samaya gaNarAjyakA vistAra pahale jitanA nahIM rahA thA; kyoMki zivamArako harA kara rAThauroMne ganavAr3Ike eka bhAga para apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| jaise hIrAmalla gaddIpara baiThe ki unakA yuddha bANa vidyAdharase chir3a gayA, jisameM unheM gaNavADI 6000 se hAtha dhone paDe / udhara rAjamallake sAmantagaNa bhI unake viruddha hogaye aura rAThaura 1-gaGga0 pR0 72.73

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60] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjA mamoghavarSase bhI unheM lar3anA pdd'aa| rAThaura amoghavarSakI yaha icchA thI ki raGgavAr3Iko jItakara vaha apane sAmrAjyameM milA le| gaNavADIkA jitanA bhAga rASTrakUTa (rAThaura) sAmrAjyameM AgayA thA, usa para nolamba rAjA siMhapotake putra-pautra rAjya karate the; jo eka samaya svayaM gaGgoMke hI karada the; parantu aba rASTrakUTa-sattAko jinhoMne svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isa para sthitimeM rAjamallako prAkRta yaha cintA huI ki kisa taraha vaha apane khoye huye prAMtoMko punaH prApta kara leM / apane isa manorathako siddha karane ke liye rAjamalla ke liye yaha bhAvazyaka thA ki vaha apane par3osiyoM aura purAne sAmantoMse saMdhi kara le / pahale hI unhoMne nolambAdhirAjase maitrI sthApita kI, jo usa samaya rASTrakUToMkI orase gaNavADI 6000 para zAsana kara rahe the| rAjamallane siMhapotakI potI aura nolambAdhirAjakI choTI bahanase vivAha kara liyA aura svayaM apanI putrI jagavve, jo nItimArgakI choTI bahana thI, nolambAdhirAja polalacorako vyAha dii| isa vivAha sambandhake uparAnta nolamba rAjA ekabAra phira gaGgarAjAbhoMke sAmanta hogaye / idhara rAjamallane rASTrakuTa sAmantoMko apane meM milA liyA aura udhara rASTrakUTa samrAT amoghavarSako svayaM rAjanaitika apane gharameM hI bhaneka vigrahoMko zamana priisthiti| karaneke liye majabUra honA par3A-sAmaMta hI nahIM, unake sambandhiyoM aura maMtriyoMne bhI unheM 1-gaGga0 pRSTha 74-05.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [61 dhokhA diyaa| haThAt amoghavarSako apanI isa bhayaMkara gRha-sthitiko sudhAranA Avazyaka hogayA-vaha rAjyavistArakI AkAMkSAko bhUla gaye / unhoMne dakSiNa meM isa samaya jo lar3AiyAM laDIM, vaha haThAt apanI mAna rakSAke liye laDI-gaNavADI yA anya prAMtako har3apa jAnekI nIyatase nhiiN| phira bhI amoghavarSa rAnamalla ke svAdhIna hone kI ghoSaNAse tilamilA utthe| unhoMne zIghra hI vanavAsI 12000 mAdike prAMtiya zAsaka celaketanavaMzake sAmanta baGkepa athavA baGkeparasako unapara AkramaNa karake gaNavADIko naSTa bhraSTa karane ke liye bheja diyA / baGkepane jAte hI gaGgoMke bar3e bhArI aura khUba hI surakSita durga kaidala ( tumkurake nikaTa ) para adhikAra jamA liyaa| balki usane gaGgoMko khadeDakara kAverI taTataka pahuMcA diyaa| baGkasake zauryako dekhate huye yahI anumAna hotA thA ki vaha sArI gaNavAr3Iko vijaya kara legaa| kintu rASTrakUToMkI gRha azAMtine isa samaya aisA bhayaMkara rUpa dhAraNa kiyA ki haThAt amoghavarSako vijayI baGkesako vApasa bulA lenA pdd'aa| rAjamallane isa avasarase lAma uThAyA aura unhoMne usa sAre pradezapara adhikAra jamA liyA, jise rASTrakUToM (gaThauroM) ne raGga rAjA zivamArase chIna liyA thaa| isa ghaTanAkA ullekha eka zilAlekhameM hai ki jisa prakAra viSNune vArAha avatAra dhAraNa karake pRthvIkA uddhAra kiyA thA, usI prakAra rAjamallane gaGgADIkA uddhAra rASTrakUToMse kiyA !' rAjamalla eka Adarza zAsaka the / zilAlekhoMmeM unake zaurya, buddhi, dAna mAdi guNoMkA vakhAna hubhA milatA hai| unhoMne ' satyavAkya '

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62 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | upAdhi dhAraNa kI thI, jise uparAMta gaGga vaMzake sabhI rAjAoMne dhAraNa kiyA thA / AX rAjamallakA putra nItimArga usake bAda rAjasiMhAsanapara baiThA / usakA nAma sammAnasUcaka honeke kAraNa usake uttarAdhikAriyoMne use viruda-rUpa meM nItimArga | dhAraNa kiyA thA / usakA mUla nAma ereyagaGga - thA aura kinhIM zilAlekhoM meM unheM raNa - vikramAditya bhI kahA hai / vaha bhI san 815 aura 878 I0 ke madhya zAsana karanevAle - rASTrakUTa samrAT amoghavarSake samakAlIna the / amoghavarSane ekavAra phira gaGgavAr3Iko vijaya karanekA udyoga kiyA thA, parantu usameM vaha asaphala rahe / nItimArgane apane pitAkI nItikA anusaraNa karake gaGga rAjyakA pUrva gaurava akSuSNa rakkhA thA / rAjagaddIpara baiThate hI nItimArgane bANavaMza ke rAjAoMse yuddha cher3A aura usameM vaha saphala huye / uparAMta amoghavarSakI sudRr3ha senAko unhoMne san 868 I0 meM - rAjAramADUke maidAna meM burI tarahase parAsta kiyA thA / isa parAjayane amoghavarSake hRdayako hI palaTa diyA- unhoMne goMse vidrohake sthAna para maitrI sthApita kara kii| apanI sukumAra putrI candravvalavvekA vyAda unhoMne gaGga yuvarAja buTugake sAtha kara diyA / tathA dUsarI saMkhA nAmaka putrI unhoMne pallavarAjA nandivarman tRtIyako vyAha dii| nItimArga bhI amoghavarSa ke samAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI the maura prasiddha jainAcArya jinasena ke samasAmayika the / vaha eka mahAn zAsaka, 1- gaGga* 76-7.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [63 mmIRIENN N NN ........ .. ..... " rAjaprabaMdhaka, dAnazIla aura sAhityoddhAraka rAjA the / ' pallavarAjA nolambAdhirAja usake mAdhIna gaDa 6000 para zAsana karate the aura bANa-yuddhameM sahAyaka hue the| mantataH nItimArga sana 870 I0 meM svargavAsI huye the| unhoMne sallekhanAvata dhAraNa kiyA thaa| nItimArga prajAko atIva pyArA thA-unake eka bhRtyane svAmIvAtsalpase prerita ho unake sAtha hI prANa visarjana kiye the| rAjamalla satyavAkya (dvitIya) nItimArgakA putra thA aura vahI unake pazcAt rAjA hubhaa| zAsanasUtra rAjamalla dvItiya / saMbhAlate hI rAjAlako veGgike cAlukyoMse moracA lenA pdd'aa| cAlukya rASTrakUToMke bhI zatru the aura gaGgoMse rASTrakUToMkI maitrI ho hI gaI thii| mataH gaGgoM aura rASTrakUToM-donoM ne hI milakara cAlukyoMkA mukAbilA kiyaa| kiMtu eka ora to inheM cAlukya suGka vijayAditya tRtIyase lar3anA thA aura dUsarI ora nolambAghirAna mahendrako davAnA thA, jo gaGgavAr3I 6000 para zAsana karatA thA aura aba svAdhIna honA cAhatA thaa| rAjamalla aura yuvarAja buTuga isa do re mAkramaNase kucha ulajhanameM phase jarUra parantu mantameM rAThauroMkI sahAyatAse vaha saphala-prayAsa huye| ughara koGgu dezapara adhikAra jamAne kI lAlasA pallavoMkI thI, jisake kAraNa unheM pAMDyAjase lar3anA pdd'aa| isa pallava-pAMDya yuddhameM bhI gaGgoMkI bana mAI-koGgu / siyoMko buTugane kaI vAra parAsta kiyA thaa| 1-** 78-80.2-maiku. pR. 44.

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34] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| RAININN N N N. ................................... .......... rAjamallake gauravazAlI rAjyameM usake bhAI buThugakA gaharaha hAtha thaa| buTuga yuvarAja thA maura konADu yuvarAja buttug| tathA ponnADu para zAsana karatA thaa| usane bhaneka yuddhoMmeM apanA zaurya pradarzita kiyA thaa| pallavoMko usane parAsta kiyA thaa| colarAja ajeya rAjarAjako usane harAyA thaa| gaGgoMke hAthiyoMko koGdezavAsI bAMdhane nahIM dete the| buTugane unheM pAMcavAra isa ghIDhatAkA majaTha cakhAyA aura agaNita ghor3oMko pakar3a liyA ! hiriyara aura murUrake yuddhoMmeM unhoMne nolambarAja mahendrako parAsta kiyaa| cAlukya guNaka vijayAditya tRtIyase bhI vaha dIrghakAla taka yuddha karatA rahA thaa| remiya aura gungurake yuddhoMmeM buTuga aura rAjamalane apane bhujavikramakA apUrva kauzala dikhAkara vijayAdityako parAsta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra donoM bhAiyoM ke zauryane gaGga rAjyake pratApako sajIka banA diyA thA / buTugakA mapara nAma guNarattaraMga thaa| pANDyarAja zrImArane use avazya parAsta kiyA thA, parantu isa parAjayakA badalA lekara hI vIra buTugA hRdaya zAnta humA thaa| buTugakI jIvanalIkA usake bhAI ke rAjyakArameM hI samApta hogaI thI aura usakA putra airegaMga yuvarAjapadapA bhAsIna huA thaa| udhara rAjamallakI bhI vRddhAvasthA thI-isa liye unhoMne apane jIvana meM hI (san 886 I0) ereyappako rAjA ghoSita kara diyA thaa| rAjyamArako hakakA aura vyavasthita rakhaneke lie rAjamallane koGgalanADu 8000, nugunADu aura navale mAdi prAntoMkA zAsanAdhikAra aireyappake mAdhIna karadiyA

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gaGga raajvNsh| AAKANKINNAR.NANINNAMOKESENSENS. ..........NA R MANN.. . . ...... . thA tathA usakI mAtAko kunagalakI zAsana vyavasthA karane kA mAra sauMpA thaa| rAjamallane brAhmaNa aura jainoMko dAna diye the| unhoMne pajAmeM dharma aura sevAmAva bar3hAne kI nIyatase rAja-puraskAra niyata kiye the| jaise peramanaDI paTTa bAMdhanA-khetoM kA lagAna hamezAke liye niyata kara denA ityAdi / keregor3I raMgapurake dAnapatroM meM unheM sadguNoMkA bhaNDAra aura gaGgakulakA caMdramA likhA hai| kombale nAmaka sthAnapara rAjamallakA dehAMta humA thaa| kaI mAdamiyoMne rAjazokameM apaneko unakI citApara jalA diyA thA ! unake pazcAt ereyapa nItimArga dvitIyake nAmase san 807 I0ke lagabhaga rAjasiMhAsana para baitthe| unheM nItimArga dvitiiy| sabase pahale kRSNa dvi0ke sAmanta bakesa callavetana vaMzake lokadeyarasase yuddha karanA par3A thaa| galanjanUra nAmaka sthAna para ghamAsAna yuddha humA thA / zilAlekhoMse spaSTa hai ki kRSNarAjakA adhikAra samagra gaNavAr3I para hogayA thA aura gaGgoMkI purAnI rAjadhAnI maNNemeM rahakara pracaMDa daMDanAyaka sampaya samUce dakSiNa para zAsana karatA thaa| isakA artha yaha hai ki yadyapi nItimArga aura rAjamallane svAdhIna hone ke bharasaka prayatna kiye the, parantu mamoghavarSake maitrIpUrNa vyavahArameM phaMsa kara gaMgarAja punaH rASTrakUToMke karada hogaye the| ereko dusarA moracA nolambAdhirAja polakacora aura unakI rAnI gaGgarAjakumArI jayavyeke putra mahendrase lenA par3A thaa| san 878 I0 meM vaha svAdhIna hogayA 1-gaGga* pRSTha 81-87.

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66 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / MIRRINKINI TIONOMANIMATIONINGINNINMINITINAKAMANTRINATIOKAMANAMAne thA aura gaGgoMkA zAsana mAnane ke liye taiyAra na thA / mahendrane bANarAjyako naSTa karake 'tribhuvanadhIra' aura 'mahAbalikula-vidhvaMzanaM' virUda dhAraNa kiye the / haThAt gaGgoM ke liye mahendrako samarAGgaNameM lalakAranA bhanivArya hogayA thaa| tumbedi aura beGgalurU nAmaka sthAnoM para bhayAnaka yuddha huye the, jinameM ereyappake vIra yoddhA nagatara aura gharasena apUrva kauzalase lar3ate huye vIragatiko prApta huye the| isa ghaTanAse kupita hokara penjeruke bhISaNa yuddhameM nItimArgane mahendrako talabArake ghATa utAra kara 'mahendrAntaka' viruda dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isa yuddha ke bAda hI nItimArgane surUra, nadugani, midige, sulisailendra, tipperu, penDoru ityAdi durgoko apane mAdhIna kara liyA thaa| isIsamaya cola pArAntakane pallavarAjya para apanA madhikAra jamA liyA thA aura bANoM ke dezako jIta kara use gaGgarAja pRthivIpati dvitIyako bheMTa kara diyA thA, jaise ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai| ereyappa nItimArga apane pitAke samAna hI eka mahAn yoddhA the| kuDalarake dAnapatrameM unheM eka mahAn yoddhA, yuddhakSetrameM nirmaya vicaraNa karanevAlA, saMgIta vAdya aura nATya kalAoMmeM dvitIya bharata, vyAkaraNa mora gajanItimeM vizArada, aura apanI prajA tatha nolamba, bANa, sagara mAdi apane sAmantoMke parama hiteSI likhA hai| unakI komaravedAGga' aura 'kAmada' upAdhiyAM thIM / cAlaya rAjakumAra ninagalikI putrI jAvese unakA vivAha humA thaa| unhoMne brAhmaNoM tathA muDahallI aura toremavuke jaina maMdiroMko dAna diyA thaa| unako rAjya saMrakSaNa aura zAsana vyavasthAke kArya meM

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gaGga- rAjavaMza | [ 67 unake ullekhanIya maMtriyoMne vizeSa sahAyatA dI thI / nAgavarma, narasiMha, govindara, gharasena aura ecayya unake maMtriyoMke nAma the, jo rAjanIti meM bRhaspati aura mAndhAtAke tulya kahe gaye haiM / nItimArgake tIna putra the, arthAt ( 1 ) narasiMhadeva, (2) rAjamalla, (3) aura buTuga / narasiMhadeva rAjanIti, hastividyA, aura dhanurvidyA meM nipuNa the / unakA jJAna nATyazAstra, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, alaGkAra aura saMgItazAstra pe bhI advitIya thA / vaha apane zaurya ke liye prasiddha the aura ' satyavAkya ' evaM ' vIravedena ' upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta the / kintu unhoMne alpakAla hI rAjya kiyA / ' narasiMha ke uparAMta unakA choTA bhAI rAjamalla tRtIya gaGga rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha huA, jisane rAjamalla tRtIya / ' satyavAkya', 'naceyagaGga' aura 'nItimArga' upAdhiyAM dhAraNa kI thiiN| rAjamallako rASTrakUToMke sAtha nolamba rAjakumAra ayappa aura unneyase lar3anA par3A / dUsarI ora cAlukyarAja bhIma dvitIyase lohA le rahe the / ina lar3AiyoMkA mUla kAraNa ina rAjAoMkI rAjyalipsA aura mahatvAkAMkSA hI thA / san 934 I0 meM bhImase lar3ate huye bhayappa to vIra gatiko prApta huye the; parantu unake putra manneya, jo gaGga rAjakumArI pollabbekI kokha se janme the, vaha svAdhIna rUpameM rAjyazAsana karane meM saphala hue the / manneyane vIratApUrvaka cAlukyoM, rASTrakUToM aura ganoMkA mukAbilA kiyA thA; balki unhoMne ganavAr3I 1-mama0, pRSTha 88-10.

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68] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| MONKANIKATANAMANNAINMENNNNNNNNNNNAIRAMINS: NARENSANNINANKATENNAININNAMANG para AkramaNa kiyA thA / koTTamaMgala nAmaka sthAnapara bhayaMkara yuddha huA thA, jisameM gaGga senAke bhaniyagauMDa Adi vIra yoddhA kAma mAye the / antameM bhannepane isa zartapara bhAtmasamarpaNa kiyA thA ki use aura usakI senAko abhaya kara diyA jAya / rAjamala jaka nolamboMse ulajha rahA thA taba usakA choTA mAI buTuga, rASTrakUTa rAjA kannarakI sahAyatAse samagra gaNavADIpara adhikAra jamA rahA thaa| isa mudruvAle lekhase spaSTa hai ki kannarane rAjamallakI jIvana lIlA samApta karake buTugako gajA banAyA thaa| rAjamallakA vyAha rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa dvi0 kI kanyA revakase huA thaa| itihAsameM buTuga 'gAnArAyaNa'-' gaGga gAGgeya' aura 'naniya gaGga' ke nAmoMse prasiddha thaa| buTugake rAjya buttug| kAlameM gaGga rAjyameM kAphI ulaTaphera huA thaa| yuvarAja avasthAmeM buTugane apane bhAI rAjamallase gaGgarAjAkA adhikAra chIna liyA thA, yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai / use rAjA banAne meM rASTrakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa tRtIyane purA bhAga liyA thaa| isa samaya rASTrakUTa aura gaGga rAjAoM kA pArasparika sambandha maitrIpUrNa thaa| buTuga maura amoghavarSa meM paraspara sandhi hogaI thI, jisase ve eka dUsareke sahAyaka hue the / balika samoghavarSane apanI kanyA revaka buTugako vyAha kara isa saMdhiko aura bhI dRr3ha banA diyA thaa| dahejameM buTugako gaNarAjyake atirikta viligere 300, belbola 300, kisuvaDa 70 aura vagenaDu 704 1-gA0, pRSTha 91-82. 2-maiku0, pR. 45.

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gaGga raajvNsh| [69 N N NNXN . .... ... nAmaka prAnta bhI prApta hue the| amoghavarSake jIvanakAlameM hI isa dampatike marula deva nAmaka putrakA janma huA thA / buThugane vIsa varSake dIrghakAla meM rAjyazAsanakA anubhava prApta kiyA thaa| dazavIM zatAbdike prArambhika kAlameM use apanI pUrI zakti rAjyameM zAnti aura vyavasthA sthApita karanemeM lagA denI par3I thii| uparAMta usane nItipUrvaka rAjya kiyA thaa| amoghavarSakI mRtyu honepara buTugane usake putra kRSNa tRtIyako rAjyAdhikAra prApta karAnemeM sahAyatA pradAna kI thii| kRSNane jaba colarAjA rAnAditya muvar3Icola para bhAkamaNa kiyA to buTugane barAbara usakA sAtha diyA / aura ve usameM vinayI hue / san 949 I0 meM cola yuvarAja rAjAdityane ekavAra phira apanA adhikAra jamAnekA udyoga kiyA thaa| ___Takkolama nAmaka sthAnapara donoM senAoMmeM bhISaNa yuddha huA thA, jisameM rAnAditya vIragatiko prApta humA thaa| isa yuddha meM buTuga aura usakI senAke dhanurgharoMne dhanurvidyAkA apUrva paricaya diyA thaa| isa yuddhake pariNAmasvarUpa buTuga aura kRSNane ToMDemaMDalam para adhikAra jamA liyA thA aura cola dezamai bhAge bar3hakara kAJcI, taMjora aura nalakoTeke kiloMkA gherA DAlA thaa| isa AkramaNameM buTugakI sahAyatA valamIke rAnA manakArane kI thii| manalArakI upAdhi 'vizAla zvatadhvajake madhirAja' thI, jinhoMne cola saMgrAmameM bhagaNita manuSyoMko talavArake ghATa utAra kara 'zUdraka' aura 'sagara trinetra' viruda dhAraNa kiye the| isa saMgrAmameM yahI do vIra the aura unhoMne hI milakara hree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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70] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjAdityakI jIvanalIlA samApta kI thii| kRSNarAja unake zauryako dekhakara bhati prasanna hue aura unhoMne manalArase koI vara mAMganeke liye khaa| vIra manalArane eka sacce vIrakI bhAMti apane svAmIse thor3IsI mumi isaliye lI ki usapara vaha apane bahAdura kuttekA smAraka banA deM jo eka jaMgalI sUarase lar3atA huA marA thaa| ___isa saMgrAmase lauTa kara kRSNarAjakI chAvanI mepati ( uttara markATa ) nAmaka sthAna para DAlI gaI thii| vaiyaktika caritra / kRSNarAjane isa chAvanI meM hI apane sAmaMtoMkI bheTeM svIkAra kI thIM tathA apane saradAroMmeM prAMtoMkA baMTavArA kiyA thaa| kRSNarAja jaba isa kAryameM vyasta the taba buTuka citrakUTa gar3hako jItakara usapara apanA jhaNDA phaharA rahe the / bhAge bar3hakara buTugane sapta-mAlava dezako bhI vijaya kiyA aura usakA nAma 'mAlava-gaGga' rakkhA thaa| dilIpa nolambako bhI unhoMne parAsta kiyA thaa| sArAMzataH isa prakAra apanI digvijaya dvArA buTugane gA-rAjyakA vistAra aura gaurava bar3hAyA thaa| yadyapi unhoMne rASTrakUToMkI sattA svIkAra kI thI, parantu phira bhI buTuga apaneko mahArAjAdhirAja likhate the| apane pUrvajoMke pagacihnoMpara calakara buTugane bar3I udAratApUrvaka zAsana kiyA thA / yadyapi yaha jaina dharmake parama bhakta the aura jaina maMdiroMke liye unhoMne dAna diye the, phira bhI brAhmaNoMkA unhoMne bhAdara kiyA aura unheM dAna bhI diyA thaa| buTuga rAjadharma maura bhAtmadharmake bhedako jAnate the| vaha jaina siddhAMtake prakANDa paNDita the bhaura paravAdiyoMse zAstrArtha bhI kiyA

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gngg-raajvNsh| [71 karate the| paravAdI-hAthiyoM kA khaMDana karane meM unheM majA mAtA thaa| kuDalUra ke dAnapatrase prakaTa hai ki eka bauddhavAdIse vAda karake unhoMne usake ekAMta matakI dhajiyAM ur3A dI thiiN| vaha bar3e hI dharmAtmA the aura jaba unakI viduSI bahana pambabbekA samAdhimaraNa san 971 I0 meM tIsa varSakI dIrgha tapasyA karaneke bAda huA, to unake dikako isa viyogase gaharI Thesa pahuMcI; parantu vaha vicakSaNa netra the-vastusthitiko jAnakara bhapane kartavyakA pAlana karane lge| rASTrakUTa rAnI rekhakase buTugake eka putrI bhI huI thI; jisakA nAma saMbhavataH kundana somidevI thA / buTugane usakA vivAha kRSNarAjake putra amoghavarSa caturthake sAtha kara diyA thaa| isa rAjakumArIse hI rASTrakUTa vaMzake mantima rAjA indrarAjakA janma huA thA / buTugake putra marurUdeva panuseya gaGgako kRSNarAja tRtIyakI putrI byAhI thiiN| marulako * madanAvatAra' nAmaka chatra bhI kRSNarAjase prApta huA thA / marula apane pitAkI bhAMti hI jinendrabhakta thaa| lekhoMmeM unheM / jinapada-bhramara' likhA hai| marulake viruda 'gaGga mArtaNDa '-'gaGga krAyudha'-'kamada' 'kaliyuga bhIma' aura 'kIrtimanobhava' the; jinase unake zaurya aura vikramakA vasvAna svayaM hotA hai / unakI mAtA rAnI revaka nimmaDikI upAdhi 'cAga. vedAGgI' thii| mAlama hotA hai ki marulane adhika samayataka rAjya nahIM kiyA thaa| unake pazcAt unake sautele bhAI mArasiMha rAjyAdhikArI hue the|' 1-1, pR. 94-95; mai ku., pR0 45-46;va basAiM0, pRSTha 55.

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72] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| hevvalla zilAlekhase spaSTa hai ki buTugacI dusarI rAnIkA nAma kallabhara athavA kallabarIsa thaa| mArasiMhakA mArasiMha dvitiiy| janma inhIMkI kokhase humA thaa| unakA pUrA nAma satyavAkya koNivarmA paramAnaDI mArasiMha thA / ukta lekhameM mArasiMha ke bhaneka virudoMkA ullekha hai, jinameM se kucha isa prakAra the : "calada-uttaraGga"-"dharmAvatAra""jagadekabIra"_"gaGgara siMha" "gaGgavajra" "r kaMdarpa" "nolaMbakulAnta:"-"gaGgacUr3AmaNi'-"vidyAghara" aura " muttiygngg"| mArasiMhake ina virudoMse unakA mahAn vyaktitva svayameva jhalakatA hai / gaGgavAr3ImeM usa samaya una jaisA mahAn puruSa zAyada hI janmA thA / kUDalUrake dAnapatroMmeM mAsiMha kA vizada caritra varNita hai / usase prakaTa hai ki bAlyAvasthAse hI mAra siMha apane zArIrika bala aura sainika zauryake liye prasiddha the| bacapanase hI vaha guruoMkI vinaya aura zikSakoMkA mAdara karanA jAnate the| apanI namratA, apane samudAra caritra aura apanI vidyAke liye vaha prakhyAta the| yadyapi unakA samUcA zAsana kAla saMgrAmoM aura AkramaNoMse bharapUra rahA thA; parantu phira bhI vaha janatAkA hita aura bhAtmakalyANa karanA nahIM bhUle the| mArasiMhane bhI mAnI sainika nIti vahI rakkhI thI, jo unake pitAkI thii| rASTrakUTa rAjAmoMse unhoMne pUrvavat maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra rakkhA thA / vaha kRSNatRtIyake sAmantarUpameM rahe the| kRSNarAja jaba azvapatiko jItane ke liye jArahe the taba unhoMne mArasiMhakA rAjyAbhiSeka karake unheM gaNavADIkA zAsaka ghoSita

Page #95
gaGga-rAjavaMza | [ 73 kiyA thA / jisa samaya gujarAta ke gurjara rAjAoMne kalacUriyoM para AkramaNa kiyA thA, to usa samaya unakI rakSA karane ke liye kRSNarAjane mArasiMhako bhejA thaa| mArasiMhane gujarAta para AkramaNa kiyA aura anhilavADake rAjA mUlarAja tathA rASTrakUToMke bAgI huye karada siyaka paramArako parAsta kiyA thA / isa vijayopalakSa meM mArasiMha 'gurjarAdhirAja' nAma se vikhyAta huye the / isa yuddhameM unake sahAyaka sUdrakayya aura goggiyamma nAmaka yoddhA the, jinhoMne vIratApUrvaka kAlaMjara aura citrakUTake kiloMkI rakSA karake "ujjainI bhujaGga" upAdhi prApta kI thii| mArasiMhane apane ina saradAroMko kadambaliMge 1000 prAnta para zAsana karaneke liye zravaNabeLagola ke kUge brahmadeva stambha ( zaka bhI mArasiMha ke pratApa kA digdarzana hotA hai / niyukta kiyA thA / 896) lekha se saM0 isa lekha meM kathana hai ki "mArasiMhane rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNarAja tRtIya ke liye gurjara dezako vijaya kiyA; kRSNarAjake vipakSI allAkA mada cUra kiyA; vindhya parvatakI talI meM rahanevAle kirAtoMke samuddoMze jItA; mAnyakheTameM nRga kRSNarAjakI senAkI rakSA kI; indrarAja caturthakA abhiSeka karAyA; pAtALa mallake kaniSTha bhrAtA bajjalako parAjita kiyA; banavAsI narezakI dhana sampattikA apaharaNa kiyA; mAhUra vaMzakA mastaka jhukAyA; nolamba kulake narezoM kA sarvanAza kiyA; kADuvaTTa jisa durgako jahIM jIta sakA thA usa uccaGgi durgako svAdhIna kiyA; zavarAdhipati nagakA saMhAra kiyA; 1- gaGga 0 pRSTha 99-101.

Page #96
74 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | caur3a nareza rAjAdityako jItA; tApI-taTa, mAnyakheTa, gonUra, uccaGgi, banavAsi va pAmaseke yuddha jIte; cera, cor3a, pANDya aura pallava narezoMko parAsta kiyA va jaina dharmakA pratipAlana kiyA aura aneka jina maMdira banavAye / antameM unhoMne rAjyakA parityAga kara ajitasena bhaTTArakake samIra tIna divasataka sallekhanA vratakA pAlana kara baGkApurameM dehotsarga kiyA / isa lekha meM ve gaGga-cUr3AmaNi, nokambAntaka, guttiya - gana, maNDalika trinetra, gaGga vidyAdhara, gaGga kaMdarpa, gana vajra, gana siMha, satyavAkya koGgaNivarma-dharma mahArAjAghirAja mAdi aneka padaviyoMse vibhUSita kiye gaye haiM / ina ullekhoMse mArasiMhakA bhadbhuta zaurya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoMke prati unake magAdha prema aura zraddhAkA patA calatA hai / 1 dakSiNa meM rASTrakUToMkA pratApa mArasiMhakA hI RNI thA / mabhAgyavaza san 966 I0 meM kRSNa tRtIyakA svargavAsa hogayA, jisake kAraNa rASTrakUTa sAmrAjyapara adhikAra prApta karane ke liye gharelU yuddha chir3a gayA / choTe-choTe sAmanta svAdhIna honeke liye Apasa meM lar3ane lage / mArasiMhakI sahAyatA se rASTrakUTa rAjA kakka dvitIyane jyoM-tyoM karake ATha varSataka rAjya kiyA / unake sthAnapara mArasiMhane apane dAmAda indrako rASTrakUTa siMhAsanapara prabala virodhameM baiThAyA; parantu vaha rASTrakUToMke Dhalate huye pratApa-sUryako masta honese roka na sake / cAlukyoMne rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ko chinnabhinna kara diyA / rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ke patanakA asara mArasiMhapara bhI par3A; parantu vaha 1-fad, 28 25.

Page #97
gaGga - rAjavaMza | [ 75 apanA rAjya sudRr3ha banAye rakhane meM saphala huye / isa samaya gaGgoMke karada nolamba rAjAoMne svAdhIna honeke liye prayatna kiyA thA; mArasiMhane eka bar3I senA unake viruddha bhejI aura nolamba kuLakA hI anta kara DAlA | nolambavADIkI prajAko mArasiMhane apanI bhAjJAkAriNI banAkara use sukha zAMtipUrNa rAjyakA anubhava karAyA / . nomboko parAsta karake mArasiMha san 972 I0 meM lauTakara ba~kApura mAye / isa samaya unake rAjyakA vistAra mahAnadI kRSNA taka phailA huA thA / jisake aMtargata naulambavADI 32000, gaGgavADI 96000, banavAsI 12000, zAnta lige 1000 Adi prAMta garbhita the / Akhira san 974 meM apanA aMta samaya nikaTa jAnakara mArasiMhane zrI ajitasenAcAryake nikaTa sallekhanA vrata grahaNa karake apanI gauravazAlinI aihika lIlA samApta kI / kuDalUra ke dAnapatroMmeM likhA hai ki 'mAra siMhako parAyA malA karanemeM AnaMda AtA thA; vaha paradhana aura mahAn vyaktitva | parastrIke tyAgI the; sajjanoMkI apakIrti sunane ke liye vaha bahare the; sAdhuoM maura brAhmaNoM ko dAna deneke liye vaha sadA tatpara rahate the; evaM zaraNAgatako vaha abhaya banAte the / ' dayA- dharma aura sAhitya se unheM. gaharA anurAga thA / pazuoMkI rakSA karanekA bhI unheM dhyAna thA / vaiyAkaraNa yadi gaMgala bhaTTa evaM anya vidvAnoMko dAna dekara unhoMne 1-gaGga0, pR0 101-107. 2- maiku0 pR0 47.

Page #98
76] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ANANKINANKIN N ARE.....NANXNNNNNNNY apane vidyA premakA paricaya diyA thA / vaha svabhAvataH vinamra, dayAlu, satyapremI, zraddha lu aura dharmAtmA the| sAdhuoM aura kaviyoMke saMsargameM rahanA unheM priya thA / vaha svayaM vyAkaraNa, nyAya, siddhAMta, sAhitya, rAjanIti aura hAthiyoMkI raNavidyAke pAragAmI vidvAna the| suprakhyAt vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM kA Adara-satkAra karanA unakA sAdhAraNa kArya thaa| dUra-dUra dezoMse bhAkara kavigaNa unake darabArameM unakA yazagAna karate the| mAsiMha maharniza raNAGgaNameM vyasta rahane para bhI una kaviyoM kI madhura aura lalita kAvya-vANIko sunane ke liye samaya nikAla lete the| vaha sacamuca 'dAnacUr3AmaNi' the| nAgavarma aura kezirAja sadRza kaviyoM ne unakI pratibhAko svIkAra kiyA hai| kuDalUra dAnapatrake lekhakakI dRSTimeM mAsiMha mAnavajAtike eka mahAn netA, eka nyAyavAn aura niSpakSa zAsaka, eka vIra aura janmajAta yoddhA, eka nyAya vistAraka, maura sAhitya saMrakSaka mahApuruSa the; jisake kAraNa unakI gaNanA gaNavADIke mahAn zAsakoMmeM kI jAnI cAhiye / isa dAnapatrase yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki mArasiMha jinendra bhagavAnake caraNakamaloMmeM eka bhaureke samAna lIna the; jinendra bhagavAna ke nitya hote huye mabhiSeka jalase unhoMne apane pApa-malako dho DAlA thA aura guruoM kI vaha niraMtara vinaya kiyA karate the| saMkhavastI lakSmezvara (ghAravAr3a) ke lekhameM mArasiMhakI upamA eka ratna-kalazase dI hai, jisase nirantara jinendra bhagavAnakA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA ho| ina ullekhoMse mArasiMhakI jaina dharmameM gAr3ha zraddhA pratIta hotI hai| unhoMne apane aihika kAryoM evaM dhArmika kRtyoMse jaina

Page #99
gaGgA raajvNsh| [77 dharmakI isa uktiko caritArtha kara dikhAyA thA ki * je kamme sugate dhamme surA' arthAt jo karmavIra haiM vahI dharmavIra hote haiN|' rASTrakUTa sAmrajyake patana evaM mArasiMhakI mRtyuko dekhakara usase lAbha uThAne ke liye ve saba hI rAjA rAjamalla (rAjavidro- caukanne hogaye jinako mAsiMhane apane hIkA zamana / ) adhIna kiyA thA aura jo apanI svAdhInatA prApta karane ke liye chaTapaTA rahe the| unameM se kaI eka pragaTa rUpameM gaGgAjAmoM ke virodhI rana gaye / mAsiMhake donoM putroM-rAjamalla maura kapAGgake jIvana bhI saMkaTa meM mApha~se / kintu gaGga rAjakumAroM ke isa saMkaTApanna samaya para unakI prajA aura unake saradAroMne unakI sahAyatA jI-jAnase kii| donoM bhAI eka surakSita sthAna para bheja diye gye| svAmi vAtsalya kA bhAva usa samaya gaNavADImeM sarvopari thaa| rakasagaGga ke saMrakSaka boyigakI kanyA sAyiye usI bhAvase prerI huI mAne pati ke sAtha raNaGgaNameM pahu~cI aura vIragatiko prApta huii| aise aura bhI udAharaNa haiM aura inhIM ke kAraNa gaGgAjyakA pratApa akSuNNa rhaa| isa samaya gaGgarAjA moke viruddha huye zAsakoMmeM do vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM (1) paJcadeva aura (2) muDu rAcayya / mahAsAmanta paJcaladeva puligere-belvola mAdi tIsa grAmoM kA zAsaka thaa| usane mArasiMhake marate hI apaneko svAdhIna ghoSita kara diyA / aura vaha san 974 se 975 taka svAdhInarUpase rAjya karane meM saphala humaa| kintu cAlukya taila aura 1-maiku0, pRSTha 47: gaha pRSTha 107-108 va jaisA I0, pR056.

Page #100
78] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mNVESTIONINEENNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN gaGga senApati cAmuMDarAyane zIghra hI paJcalako samarAGgaNameM lalakArA aura use apanI karanIkA phala ckhaayaa| san 975 meM vaha lar3AImeM kAma mAyA / gaGgokA dUsarA zatru muDurAcayya thA / cAmuMDarAyakA bhAI nAgavarmA usakI bhakta ThikAne lAneke liye usake mutAbilemeM gayA, parantu durbhAgyavaza vaha rAcayyake hAthase apane amUlya prANa kho baiThA / cAmuMDarAyake liye yaha ghaTanA asahya thii| vaha jhaTase rAcayyake sammukha Aye aura bageyurake yuddhameM usakI jIvanalIlAkA anta kiyA ! cAmuMDarAyake zauryakA mAtaGka cahuMora chAgayA, jisase viroghiyoMkI himmata pasta hogii| gaGgarAjyake Uparase mAphata ke bAdala sApha hogaye / cAmuMDarAyakI isa apUrva sevAke upalakSameM vaha 'parazurAma' kI upAghise alaMkRta kiye gaye / nissandeha cAmuMDarAya eka mahAna vIra the aura yadi vaha cAhate to svayaM gaGgavAr3I ke rAjA bana baiThate; parantu unakA naitika caritra bhAdarza aura anupama thaa| unake romaromameM tyAga aura sevAbhAva bharA humA thA, jisase prerita hokara unhoMne gaGgarAjyakI nIMva dRr3ha kara dI aura usake gauravako pUrvavata sthAyI rakkhA / ina apUrva sevAoM ke kAraNa hI unheM gaGgarAjAoMkA senApati aura maMtrIpada prApta hubhA thaa| unhoMne vaha zAMtimaya vAtAvaraNa upasthita kiyA thA ki jisameM rAjamallakA rAjatilaka kiyA jA ske| 1-gA., pR. 109-11.

Page #101
gaGga-rAjavaMza | [ 79 ... isa prakAra cAmuMDarAyakI sAhAyyase mArasiMha ke pazcAt unake putra rAjamalla caturtha rAjyAdhikArI huye unake senApati aura mahAmaMtrI zrI cAvuMDa cAmuMDarAya / rAyajI rahe / gaGgakulake hitake kiye, ganna rAjya vistAra ke vAste aura rAjyavyavasthAko samunnata banAne ke hetu cAmuMDarAya niraMtara udyogazIla rahate the / yadyapi unake atula 1 adhikAra the, para to bhI unhoMne kabhI ugravyavahAra nahIM kiyAbalki harasamaya saMyamase hI kAma liyA / unakA eka mAtra dhyeya rAjatvakI sevA karanA thA aura use unhoMne khUba hI nibhAyA 1 vaha brahmakSatrakulake ratna the / unake pitA mahAbalayya aura pitAmaha goviMdamayya the; jinhoMne mArasiMhakI ullekhanIya sevA kI thI / apane pitA ke samAna hI cAmuMDarAyane bhI mArasiMha ke sAtha yuddhoM meM nijazauryakA paricaya diyA thA / norambapallavoM se jo yuddha huA thA, usameM cAmuMDarAyane vizeSa rUpase bhujavikramakA kauzala darzAyA thA cAmuMDarAyake pitA gaGga rAjadhAnI talakADa meM bahudhA rahate the isaliye yaha anumAna kiyA jAsaktA hai ki unakA janma aura bAlyajIvana I 1-"Chamundaraya who stamped cut sedition and establish - ed Order became the minister and general of Rajamalla IV. Though he was armed with unlimited powers, he behaved with great moderation; and with a singleness of aim which has no parallel in the history of Ganga dynasty, he devoted himself to the service of the State. His whole career might be summed up in the word " Devotion. " - M. V. Krishna Rao. gaMga0 pRSTha 111. 2- gaGga0, pRSTha 111.

Page #102
80 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vahAM hI bItA hogA / cAmuMDarAyake jIvana kAryakA samaya mArasiMha, rAjamalla aura rakkamagaGga ina tIna gaMga rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla ke samatulya rahA hai, isaliye yaha bhI kahA jAsaktA hai ki mArasiMha ke rAjyArohaNa ke pahale hI cAmuMDarAyakA janma huA thA / mArasiMhaka sAtha to vaha yuddhoM meM jAkara bhAga lete the / ataH isa samaya unakA yuvA honA nizcita hai / cAmuMDarAyakI mAtA kAlaladevI jainadharma kI dRDha zraddha'lu thiiN| unakI aTUTa jinabhaktikA pratibimba unake suputra cAmuNDarAya divya caritrameM dekhaneko milatA hai / ' 'gomaTTasAra' se pragaTa hai ki ajitasena svAmI cAmuMDarAyajI ke dIkSAguru the / AcArya Aryasena se unhoMne siddhAnta, vidyA aura kalAkI zikSA prApta kI thI / bAcArya mahArAjake aneka guNa gaNa unhoMne dhAraNa kara liye the / uparAnta zrI nemicandrAcArya ke nikaTa rahakara unhoMne apanA AdhyAtmika jJAna unnata banAyA thA / 3 zrI nemicandrAcAryajI svayaM kahate haiM ki unakI vacanarUpI kiraNoMse guNarUpI ratnoM-kara zobhita ca muMDarAyakA yaza jagatameM vistarita ho ! mahAjJAnI uporatna RSiyoMkI saMgatimeM janma se rahakara cAmuMDarAya eka Adarza zrAvaka aura anupama nAgarika pramANita huye the / yuvAvasthA meM jisa ramaNI-ratna se unakA vivAha huA thA, usakA nAma ajitAdevI thA; parantu unhoMne kisa kulako apane janma se 1 - vIra, varSa 7 cAmuMDarAya aMka pRSTha 2 jassa guru jayaDa bo rAmro / 3- 'ajaja seNTa 4- gomahavAra gAthA 967. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 2 - ' so ajiya senaNAho guNagaNA samUha saMdhAri / ' www.umaragyanbhandar.com

Page #103
gaGga rAjavaMza / [ 81 saubhAgyazAlI banAyA thA, yaha jJAta nahIM / zAyada kannar3a sAhitya meM unakA gArhasthika jIvana vizeSa rItime likhA gayA ho / kucha bhI ho, isameM saMzaya nahIM ki usa samaya gaGgavAr3I dezameM cAmuMDarAya ke samatulya koI dUsarA mahApuruSa nahIM thaa| vaha mahIzU' (Mysore ) deza ke bhAgyavidhAtA the / unakI ina vizeSatAoM ko lakSya karake DI vidvAnoMne unheM 'brahmakSatra - kula mAnu'-' brahmakSatra - kuLa- maNi' mAdi vizeSaNoMse smaraNa kiyA hai| zAsanAdhikArake mahattara padapara pahuMcakara bhI unhoMne naitika-nInikA kabhI ullaMghana nahIM kiyA / unake nikaTa sadA hI "paradAreSu mAtRvat" aura paradravyeSu loSThavat" kI ukti mahatvazAlI rahI thI / aise guNoM ka kAraNa vaha " zaucAmaraNa" kahe gaye haiN| apanI satyaniSThA ke liye vaha isa kalikAla meM 'satva-yudhi - ' kahalAte the| vaise unake vaiyaktika nAma ca vuMDarAma, rAma aura gommaTTadeva the / ca vuMDarAya nAma unaka mAtA-pitAne rakhakhA thA / zravaNabeLagoLa meM biMdhyagiri parvata para zrI bAhubalI sva.mIkI viza ka mUrti nirmANa karAneke kAraNa vaha 'rAma' nAmase prasiddha huye the / kannaDa bhASAmeM 'gomaTTa' zabdakA bhAvArtha 'kAmadeva' sUcaka hai / cAvuDarAvane kAmadeva bAhubalikI mUrti sthApanA karake yaha nAma upArjana kiyA pratIta hotA hai| saMskRta bhASAke jaina granthoMmeM unakA ullekha cAmuMDarAba nAmase huA hai| unake pUrvabhava sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kRtayuga' meM vaha saMmukha ke samAna the, tretAyuga meM rAmake sadRza hune aura kaliyuga meM bIra - mArtaNDa haiN| ina ullakhoMse unakA mahAn vyaktitva sahaja anubhavagamya hai / 1- 'brahmakSatra kubhedayAcaLa zirobhUSAmavirmAnumAn / ' *

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kiMtu khAsa bAta unake cAritrameM rAjala aura rASTra ke prati apane kartavyakA pAlana karanA hai / vaha apane senApati / rAjA aura dezakI mAnarakSA, samRddhi aura kIrti ke liye apane ko utsarga kiye huye the / ahiMsA - tatva ke niSkarSako cIna kara unhoMne alaukika vIravRtti dhAraNa kI thI / vaha rAjamaMtrI hI nahIM gaGga rAjAoM ke senApati bhI the| anekavAra unhoMne gaGga- sainyako raNAGgaNameM vIrocita mArga sujhAyA thaa| unhIM ke raNa - vikrama aura bAhubala se gaGga rASTra phakA phUkA thA / kahA gayA hai ki kher3agakI lar3AI meM vajradevako Dragakara cAmuMDarAya ne 'samaradhurandhara' kI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thI / nolambaraNameM gonU ke maidAna meM unhoMne jo raNa-zaurya pragaTa kiyA, usake kAraNa vaha 'vI' - mArtaNDa' kahalAye | ucchaGgike kileko jIta kara vaha 'raNa 42 ] : rana siMha ' hogaye aura bAgelUrake kilemeM tribhuvanavIra Adiko - kAlake gAle meM pahuMcA kara unhoMne goviMdarAjako usakA adhikArI bnaayaa| isa vIratAke upalakSameM vaha 'vairIkula- kAladaNDa' nAmase prasiddha huye / nRpakAmake durgako jItakara vaha 'bhujavikrama' kahalAye / nAgarma dveSako daNDita karake vaha 'chaladaGga - gaGga' padavI se vibhUSita huye / gaGga bhaTa muDurAcayyako talavAra ke ghATa utArane ke upalakSa meM 'samara - parazugama' aura 'pratipakSa - rAkSasa' upAdhiyoMko unhoMne dhAraNa kiyA / bhaTavIrake kileko naSTa karake vaha 'bhaTamAri' nAmase prakhyAta huye the / vaha vIrocita guNoMko dhAraNa karane meM zakya the evaM subhaToMmeM mahAn vIra the, isaliye vaha kramazaH 'guNavam kAya' aura 'subhaTa cUDAmaNi' kahalAte the / nissandeha vaha 'vIra - ziromaNi' the / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat - www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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; gaGga raajvNsh| [83 cAmuMDarAya eka vIra yoddhA aura dakSa senApati hone ke sAtha hI vaha eka kuzala rAjamaMtrI aura raajyvyraajmNtrii| vasthApaka bhI the| rAjamaMtrI padase unhoMne gala-rAja-praNAlIke anurUpa dezakA zAsana sucAru rUpase kiyaa| unake mantritvakAlameM dezameM vidyA, kalA, zilpa aura vyApArakI macchI unnati muI thii| gamavADIkI prajAkI mabhivRddhi honA, cAmuMDarAyake zAsanakI saphalatAkA pramANa hai| isa kAlake bane huye suMdara maMdira, manohara mUrtiyAM, vizAla sarovara aura unnata rAjaprAsAda Aja bhI darzakoMke manako moha lete haiN| yaha imArateM gaGgarASTrako tatkAlIna samRddhizAlInatAkI dyotaka haiM / aura vaha cAmuMDa. rAyako eka saphala rAjamaMtrI ghoSita karatI haiN| sAtha hI gaMga rASTrakI usa samaya apane par3osI rAjAoMke prati jo nIti thI, usase cAmuMDarAyakI gahana rAjanItikA patA calatA hai| usa samayakI sukha-zAMtipUrNa rAja vyavasthAkA hI yaha pariNAma ___thA ki gaGgavADImeM lalitakalAke sAtha-sAtha sAhityonnati / sAhityakI unnati bhI vizeSa huI thii| gaNavAr3ImeM pannar3a sAhityakI pradhAnatA thii| gGga rAjAmoM aura cAmuMDarAyane tatkAlIna kaviyoMko mAzraya dekara unakA utsAha bar3hAyA thaa| ina kaviyomeM ullekhanIya mAdipampa, ponna, rana mora nAgavarma haiM / mAdipampa aura ponakA samaya cAmuM. DarAyajIse pahalekA hai| unhoMne gamarAjA ereyappake saMrakSaNameM sAhitya racA thaa| kiMtu rakha aura nAgavarmaHca muMDarAyake samakAlIna the|

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81] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / cAmuMDarAyane unheM apanA saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thaa| raNNa vaizyajAtike nara-ratna aura ucca koTike kavi the| caulukyarAja tailapa mAdise bhI unhoMne sammAna prApta kiyA thaa| unake race huye graMthoM meM 'manitapurANa' aura 'sAhasa-bhIma-vijaya' ullekhanIya hai / nAgavarmakA 'chandombuddhi' nAmaka mAGkAra graMtha prakhyAta hai| unhoMne mahAkavi bANake 'kAdambarI' kAvyakA anuvAda kiyA thaa| kannaDa sAhityake sAtha unake samayameM saMskRta maura prAkRta sAhitya bhI samunnata huye the| bhAcAryapravara zrI majitasena, zrI nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI, zrI mAdhavasena vidya-prabhRti uddhaTa vidvAnoMne apanI cha mUlya raca. nAoMse ina bhASAmoMke sAhityako unnata banAyA thaa| cAmuMDarAya svayaM kanar3I, saMkRta aura prAkatake eka acche vidvAn mora kavi the| apane jIvanakI kvi| zAMtimaya ghar3iyAM unhoMne sAhityAnuzIkana aura kavijanakI satsaMgatimeM vitAI thiiN| vaha nyAya, vyAkaraNa, gaNita, mAyurveda aura sAhityake dhuraMdhara vidvAn the| unha prakRtiko dena thI jisase vaha zIghra hI anUThI kavitA racate the| unake race huye granthoMmeM isa samaya kevala 'cAritrasAra ' maura 'triSaSThi-lakSaNa-purANa' nAmaka grantha milate haiN| pahalA bhAcAra viSayaka grantha saMskRta bhASAmeM hai aura zrI mANikacaMdra di0 jaina graMthamAlA bambaImeM chapacukA hai| dUsarA kannar3a bhASAmeM eka prAmANika purANa prantha hai / ise 'cAvaMDarAya purANa' bhI kahate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki cAmuMDarAyane zrI nemicandrAcAryake prasiddha siddhAnta anya

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gnggaajvNsh| [85 'gommaTasAra' para eka kanar3I TIkA racI thii| nissaMdeha cAmuMDarAya jisa prakAra eka mahAna yoddhA aura rAnamaMtrI the, usI prakAra sAhitya aura caina siddhAMtake marmajJa eka ucca koTi ke kavi the|| " cAkuMDarAya purANa" se pragaTa hai ki vaha eka zraddhAlu jaina the aura unake dharmaguru zrI ajitasenAcArya dhArSika jIvana / the| cAvaMDarAyake putra jinadevan bhI una bhAcArya ke ziSya the aura unhoMne zravaNa. belagolapara eka nana maMdira banavAyA thaa| zaktisampanna honepara bhI cAkuMDarAyane garIvoMko nahIM bhulAyA / vaha janahitake kAryoMko barAbara karate rhe| vaha dharmAtmA, vidvAn aura dAnazIla the| khAsa bAta unake jIvanakI yaha thI ki vaha pragatizIla vidvAna the / paramparAgata rItirivAjoMke pratikUla bhI unhoMne dharmavRddhike hetu kadama bar3hAyA thaa| unakA dhArmika dRSTikoNa vizada aura samudAra thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne gommaTTadevakI vizAlakAya devamUrtikI sthApanA karake darzana-pUjana karane kA avasara pratyeka bhaktako pradAna kiyA thaa| apanI darzana-vizuddhiko uttarottara nirmala bana te huye vaha dAna aura pUnArUpa zrAvaka dharmako pAlana karanemeM tallIna rahate the| apanI isa dhArmikatAke kAraNa hI vaha " samyaktara-ratnAkara" kahalAte the / jaina dharmake vaha mahAna saMrakSaka the| dharmaprabhAvanAke liye unhoMne aneka kArya kiye the / aneka jina pratimAoM aura jina maMdiroMkI unhoMne pratiSThA karAI thI, jinakI zilAkalA madvitIya hai / zAstroMkA pracAra aura uddhAra karAkara evaM pAThazAlAyeM aura nana maTha sthApita karAke jJAnakA udyoga kiyA thaa|

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86 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | sAdhujanoMke pracura vihAra se paravAdiyoMkA mada cUra huA thA / zravaNabelagola meM unhoMne adbhuta maMdira aura mUrtiyAM nirmANa karAI thIM / san 981 meM unhoMne 57 phITa UMcI vizAlakAya gommaTTa mUrti viMdhyagiri parvatapara sthApita kara I thI / yaha mUrti zillakalAkA eka anUThA namUnA hai aura bhAja usakI gaNanA saMsArakI Azcaryamaya vastuoMmeM kI jAtI hai / usa mUrti kI rakSA ke liye cAmuMDarAyane kaI grAma bheMTa kiye the / zravaNabeLagoLa grAmako bhI unhoMne basAyA thA aura vahAMvara jaina maTha sthApita karake zrI nemicandrasvAmIko maThAdhIza niyukta kiyA thA / " gommaTTasAra " meM zrI nemicandrAcAryajI ne zravaNabeLagoLa meM jina maMdira Adi nirmita karAneke liye cAmuMDarAyakI prazaMsA kI hai| rAjamallane unake dhArmika kAryoMse prasanna hokara unheM ' rAya ' padase alaMkRta kiyA thA / rakasa - gNg| rAjamallane apane yogyatama rAjamaMtrI aura senApatti zrI cAmuMDarAya ke patha pradarzana meM gaGga rAjyake pratApako sthAyI banAye rakhA / uparAMta unakI mRtyu honepara unakA bhAI rakkama - gaGga rAjA huA, jo yuvAvasthA meM peDDoreke taTavartI prAMtapara zAsana karatA thA / rAjamallakI senAmeM vaha eka senApati bhI rahe the aura unakA aparanAma 'aNNanavanta' thA / raksa gaGgake rAjyakAlake katipaya prAraMbhika varSa zAMtimaya the aura usa samayako unhoMne dhArmika kAryoMko karane, mukhyata: jaina dharmako udyotita karanemeM vyatIta kiyA thA / isasamaya 1 - vIra varSa 7 cAmuMDarAya aMka pRSTha 3-8 va gaMga0 pR0 111 - 114'

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gaGga rAjavaMza / [ 6 jaina dharma rAjAzraya vihIna hokara anya matAvalambiyoM kA kopabhAjana bana rahA thA / rakkasa gaGgake saMrakSaNameM vaha ekavAra punaH camaka uThA / unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnImeM bhI eka jinamandira nirmANa karAyA, belU' meM eka vizAla sarovara pakkA karAyA aura kaI sthAnoM ke mandiroMko dAna diyaa| nokamballa rAjA unake karada the / rakkama gaGgake koI saMtAna nahIM thI, isIliye unhoMne apane choTe bhAI ke eka lar3ake aura eka lar3akIko goda liyA thA / lar3ake kA nAma rAjavidyAdhara thA / saMbhavataH vaha jaldI svargavAsI hogayA thA / isI kAraNa rAjAko unakI bahinakI rakSA vizeSa rUpa se karanI par3I thI aura use hI rAjyAdhikArI banAne kA bhI prabandha kiyA thaa| rakasa gaGgane chandombudhike raciyatA kavi nAgavarmako Azrama diyA thA / nAgavarmane apane granthameM unakA vizeSa ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne san 985 se 1024 I0 taka rAjya kiyA thA / prArambhameM vaha svAdhIna rahe the; parantu jaba coloMkA jora bar3hA aura idhara cAmuMDarAya svargavAsI hogaye, to vaha coloMkI chatrachAyA meM zAsana karate rahe the / cAmuMDarAyake jItejI graGga rAjyakI ora koI AMkha bhI na uThA sakA thA aura usakA gaurava pUrvavat banA rahA thA / kintu san 990 ke bAda gaGga rAjAko cola aura cAlukya sadRza prabala zatrubhoMse moracA lenA par3A thA; kyoMki donoM hI zAsaka nolambavAr3I aura gaGgavAr3Iko har3apa kara jAnA cAhate the / coloMne palloMko harAkara dakSiNavartI gaGga rAjyake prAMtopara adhikAra jamAnA zurU kiyA thaa| udhara pUrvI cAlukya rAjyameM

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88] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ANKINNNNNNNNNNNNNNAWATIMAINKINNRSANSANNINRNIRNOR ghusakara beGgiko coloMne apanA khAsa sthAna banA liyA thaa| rAjarAjane apanI kanyA pUrvI cAlukya rAjA vimalAdityako vyAha dI thii| phira unhoMne pazcimI cAlukyoMpara mAkramaNa kiyaa| isa mAkramaNake jhapaTTemeM gaNavAr3I bhI bhaagii| gaGga aura rASTrakUTa rAjA pUrvIya cAlukyoMke sahAyaka the aura manantaH donoM hI apane rAjatvase hAtha dho baiThe ! san 10. 4 meM rAjendra cokane talakAko jItakara gaGga rAjyakA anta kara diyaa| gaGga rAjyako unhoMne apane saradAroMke mAdhIna aneka prAMtoM meM bAMTa diyaa| kintu itane para gar3havaMza itihAsase bilkula miTA nhiiN| unake vaMzajoMkA massitva talakADakA patana patana / hone ke bAda bhI milatA hai| pazcimIya cAlukya rAjA somezvara prathama ( 10421062)kA vivAha eka gaGga rAjakumArIse hI huA thaa| jinakI kokhase someshv| dvitIya (1068-1076) aura unake prakhyAt bhAI vikramAGka (1076-1126)kA janma humA thaa| coloMke madhikArameM gaMga vaMzaja kolara prAMtameM zAsana karate rahe the aura uparAMta vahI hoyasala rAjAoMke vizvAsapAtra rAjapadAdhikArI bane the| viSNuvarddhana hoyasalake senApati gaGgarAja bhI isI gaGgavaMzake puruSa. ratna the| unhoMne san 1117 I0 meM talakAr3a para mAkramaNa karake coloMke idiyanna athavA adiinna nAmaka sAmantako parAsta kiyA thA aura talakADa para hoyasakoMkA adhikAra jamAyA thaa| isI prakAra 1-gaMga pR. 114-118 /

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gaGga rAjavaMza / [89 manya gaGga rAjakumAra bhI unnatiko prApta hue, jo ca'lukyoM aura hoyasaloMkI zaraNameM jArahe the| unhIM logoMkI saMtAna mAja rAjyazrI vihIna hokara maisUrameM gaGgavAr3ikara nAmaka loga haiN| gala sAmrAjya meM rAjatvakA bhAdarza hI rAjAoMkA patha parzaka rhaa| gaGgarAjA jAnate the ki prajAkA rAjatvakA aadrsh| apane rAjA aura maMtriyoM meM vizvAsa honA hI saphala zAsanakA cihna hai / rAjA aura prajA milakara hI janahitakA bar3e se bar3A kArya kara sakate haiN| mataH rAnAkA yaha kartavya hai ki pajAkA sarvobhadra hita saadhe| kiriyamAghava, bhavinIta durvinIta, zrIpuruSa mAdi gaGgarAjAbhoMne sadA hI apanI prajAko prasanna rakhane kA dhyAna rakhakhA / vaha manu sadRza mAdarza rAja vyavasthApakake padacihnoM para calate the| dUsaroMkA hita sAdhanA hI unakA saMcita dhana thaa| apane zAsitoMkI prasannatAmeM hI ve apanI prasannatA jAnate the| ve nItizAstrake niyamAnukUla hI rAnavake AdarzakA pAlana karate the| jainetara matoMmeM dIkSita hue gA rAjAoM nase viSNu-gopa mAdine varNAzrama dharmakI rakSAkA pUrA dhyAna rakhA thaa| unakA prabhAva unake uttarAdhikAriyoM para bhI par3A thaa| nItimArgake liye kahA gayA hai ki vaha nItisArake anusAra zAsana karanevAlA sarvazreSTha rAjA the| gaMga rAjAoMke rAjyakAlameM purohitoMkA saMgaThana nahIM ke barAbara thA aura unakA prabhAva bhI na kucha thaa| gaMgarAjA hamezA svAdhIna rItise rAjadharmAnukUla zAsana karate the-sAmpradAyikatAkI paTTaratAmeM vaha nahIM

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9.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bahe the| yadyapi jainAcAryoM ke pathapradarzanako vaha mahatva dete the| prAraM. mameM hI didiga aura mAdhavane zrI siMhanandAcAryake upadezako zirodhArya kiyA thaa| uparAMta vijayakIrti aura pUjyapAdake satparAmarzase kramazaH bhavinIta aura durvinItane lAbha uThAyA thA evaM zrI toraNAcArya aura unake ziSya puSpanandi rAjA zivamArake guru the| ina bhAcAryo kA dharmo deza zAsanoMke jIvanoMko samunnata aura samudAra banAne meM kAryakArI huA thA / * rAjatvake bhAdarzako mahatva denevAle gaGga rAjAmoM ke prati ucchRGkhalatAkI bhAzaGkA karanA bhAkAza niyaMtraNa / kusumavat thaa| vaha svAdhIna hote huye bhI ucchaGkala nahIM the| prAcIna rAjakIya niyamoMkI pratipAlanA karanA aura karAnA hI unakA dharma thaa| usapara unake rAjyameM bhaneka sAmantoM kA sadbhAva thaa| kadAcit koI rAjA anyAyakI ora paga bar3hAtA to yaha sAmantagaNa saba milakara usakA pratikAra kara sakate the| sAtha hI rAjamaMtriyoM kA mastitva bhI rAjAkI zaktiko parimita banAne meM kAryakArI thaa| rAjasvakA uttarAdhikAra vaMza paramparAgata thaa| jyeSTha putra hI pitAke pazcAt rAjA hotA thA; parantu yadi rAjasaMtAnameM koI aura putra athavA bhAI yogyatama pramANita hotA thA to vahI rAjA banAyA jAtA thA / rAjyAbhiSekake pahale maMtrimaNDala aura rAjapake pramukha puruSoMkI svIkAratA prApta karanA bhI bhAvazyakta the|| * gaMga0 pR. 118-124. 1-gaMga0 pR. 125-126. .

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gngg-raajvNsh| [91 rAjAke sAtha rAnIkA adhikAra gaGgarAjyameM sammAnanIya thaa| daravAroM meM rAnI barAbara rAjAke sAtha mardAsana rAnIkA mhtv| grahaNa kiyA karatI thii| itanA hI nahIM use rAjasaMcAlana meM bhAga lene kA bhI adhikAra prApta thaa| vaha gajAko samAnatA, nyAya aura dayAmaya zAsana karane meM sahAyaka hotI thii| zrIpuruSa. buTuga aura peramaDI rAjAoM ke liye kahA gayA hai ki unakI rAniyAM rAjA aura yuvarAja ke sAtha zAsana karatI thii| kinhIM bhavasaroMpara rAniyoM ko svataMtra rUpameM kisI svAsa prAMtakA zAsanAdhikAra pradAna kiyA jAtA thA / rAniyoM ke rAjacihna saMbhavataH zvetasaMkha, zvetachatra, svarNa-daNDa, aura camara hote the| rAnI rAjAke sArvajanika kAryoMmeM bhAga letI, maMdiroMkI vyavasthA karatI, naye mandira aura tAlAba banavAtI aura dharmakAryo dAnakI vyavasthA karatI thiiN| vaha rAjAke sAtha chAvaniyoMmeM jAkara rahatI bhI thiiN| rAjAkA apanA zAnadAra darabAra humA karatA thA, jisameM rAjA-rAnI, rAjaguru, caurIhaka, saamntraajdrvaar| saradAra, rAjakarmacArIgaNa aura anya pramukha vyakti baiThakara zobhA bar3hAte the| darabArameM baiThakara hI rAnA nyAya karatA thA aura kaviyoM evaM vidvAnoM kI racanAyeM aura vArtAyeM sunakara unako pAritoSaka pradAna karatA thaa| dhArmika vAdavivAda bhI ina darabAroMmeM huA karate the, jinameM kabhI kabhI rAjA bhI bhAga liyA karatA thaa|' 1-pUrva pRSTha 129-130. 2-pUrva pR. 130.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yUM to rAjA hI sarvAdhikArI thA, parantu rAjyakA sArA kAma akele hI kara lenA usake liye zakya nahIM rAjamaMtrIgaNa / thaa| isaliye hI vaha vividha kAryoM ke liye rAjamaMtrI niyukta karatA thA aura kAryAdhikyake anusAra hI unakI saMkhyA bhI kamatI jyAdA hotI thii| bahudhA yaha pada vaMzaparamparAgata hI hotA thaa| cAmuMDarAyake pitA aura pitAmaha buTuga mauramArasiMhake rAjamaMtrI the / rAjamaMtriyoM meM daMDanAyaka (senApati), sarvAdhikArI (pradhAna-maMtrI), manneveragaDDe ( rAjakIya.... hiriyabhaMDArI, yuvarAja, saMdhivigrahI aura mahApadhAna hote the, jo rAjya aura nyAyakI vyavasthA hI kevala bhAga lete hoM, yaha bAta nahIM, balki vaha rAjAke sAtha dauroM aura lar3AhayoM para bhI jAyA karate the| maMtriyoMke atirikta mahAprazyita, mahAmAryaka athavA ataHpurAdhyakSa, aMtaHpazyita, nidhikAra (koSAdhyakSa), rAjapAlaka, paDiyAra, hadiyAra, sajjeka, hadapada bhAdi rAjarmacArI hote the| rAjAke nijI aura gupta karmacArI bhI rahA karate the| rAjA, maMtrI aura rAjakarmacArI rAjanItimeM dakSa hote the aura tadanusAra kArya karate the| prAntIya zAsanakI vyavasthA gajarAjyameM vividha rAjakIya vibhAgoM aura vibhAga-gata ucca evaM laghu prAMtIya zAsana karmacAriyoM kI niyukti dvArA hotI thii| vyavasthA / rAjyavyavasthAke liye sArA gaNarAjya kaI prAMtoMmeM bAMTa diyA gayA thaa| jo nADu, viSaya, venTya aura khampana nAmaka antarbhAgoMmeM vibhakta thaa| prAMta

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gngg-raajvNsh| mukhyataH jADI 96000, vanavAsI 12000, punnaDa 10000, kerekuMDa 300, ilenagaranADu 70, bhavanyanADu 30, aura ponekuMDa 11 the| zilAlekhoMse praSTa hai ki prAMtoMke nAmoM ke Age jo saMkhyA dI gaI hai vaha pratyeka prAntase upalabdha bhAmadanIkI dyotaka hai| pratyeka prAntakA zAsana eka vAyasarAyake bhAdhIna hotA thA, jo prayaH rAjavaMzase hI niyukta kiyA jAtA thA / rAnamaMtrigaNa bhI kabhI-kabhI prAMtIya zAsaka niyukta kiye jAte the| yadyapi prAMtIya sarakAreM apanA svAdhIna astitva rakhatI thI; parantu vaha thI kendrIya sAkArake hI bhAdhIna / prAMtIya zAsakakI bharanI senA thii| vaha dAna bhI detA thA aura apane rAjakSetra meM mAmAnA zasana varatA thaa| zAsaka prAyaH daMDanAyaka kahalAte the| jo maMtrI sAmaMtopara zAsana karatA thA vaha 'mahA sAmantAdhiAti' kahalAtA thaa| ina prAMtIya zAsakoM kA murUpa kartavya rAjakara vasula kAnA mora nyAyakI vyavasthA denA thaa| rAja kI mAjJA vinA vaha rAjakara na bar3hA sakatA thA aura na ghaTA hii| hegaDe athavA rAjAdhyakSa heggaDe nAmaka karmacArIke mAdhIna pratyeka jilekA zAsanakArya thaa| prabhU yA gauMr3a nAmaka karmacArI gAMvakI vyavasthAkA uttaradAyI hotA thaa| rAjakara mukhyataH phasakakI upajakA chaTTA bhAga hotA thaa| phasalakI khataunI bar3e bhacche DhaMgase rakhakhI jAtI thI, jisase pratyeka kisAnako mAlama hojAtA thA ki use kyA rAjakara denA hai| mAvazyaktA par3anepA maMtrimaMDalakI salAhase rAjA eka cauthAI rAjakara bhI vasUla karatA thaa| khetoMke baMjara par3e rahane yA phasala kharAba honepara mAphI aura chUTa bhI rAjA diyA karatA thaa|

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94] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kisAnoMke atirikta vyApAra mAdipara bhI kara kagA karate the| gaGgoMne nApa aura tolake liye alaga-alaga vyavasthA niyata kara dI thI, usI ke anusAra bhUmikA nApa aura nAjakI taula humA karatI thii| gaGga rAjyameM haga, koDevana, kasu aura hera drahama nAmaka sikkoMkA calana thA, jo sone ke hote the| unapara eka ora hAthI aura dUsarI ora kisI phUlakA cihna banA hotA thaa| gaGga rAjyavyavasthA meM grAmakA sthAna mukhya thaa| grAmakA mahatva aura isa kAraNa usakI pavitratAkI chApa graamvyvsthaa| logoMke hRdayoM para aisI lagI huI thI ki yuddhoMke bIcameM bhI grAma akSuNNa bane rahate the| grAmoMkI vyavasthA apanI nirAlI thii| pratyeka grAmameM eka mukhiyA aura eka gaNaka ( Accountant ) rahatA thA; jinake pada vaMzaparamparAgata niyata hote the / pratyeka grAmakI eka sabhA hotI thI, jisakA madhivezana gAMvake mandirake maNDapoMmeM huA karatA thaa| bhadhivezanake avasarapara sarakArI aphasara bhI maujUda rahate the dharmAdA jAyadAda aura mandira bhAdi pavitra sthAnoMkA prabandha bhI usake AdhIna thaa| usake dvArA rAjyakara vasUla kiye jAte the aura grAmakI bhAvazyaktAoM jaise siMlAI mAdikA prabandha kiyA jAtA thaa| vivAdastha viSayoM kA nirNaya svayaM rAjA mathavA usakI orase niyukta 'dharma-karanika' nAmaka karmacArI kiyA karate the| mandiroMke pujArI ninheM rAjAkI morase bhUmidAna milA hotA thA, janatAmeM sammAnakI dRSTise dekhe 1-gaMga0 pRSTha 139-150

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gaGga- rAjavaMza | [ 95 jAte the aura ve 'sthAnApati' kahalAte the / grAma-karmacArI mukhyataH mukhiyA (gaur3a), senavova, manigAra aura grAmalekhaka hote the / mukhiyAkA phAma lagAna vasUla karanA aura DAkuoMse grAmakI rakSA karanA hotA thA / use eka pulisa majisTreTa jaise adhikAra bhI prApta hote the / usakA pada vaMzaparamparINa hotA thA, jisako vaha cAhatA to kisIko beca bhI sakatA thA / unake patiyoMkI mRtyuke uparAMta viSavAoM ko bhI vaha pada milatA thA / * grAmake bAda nagaroMkA sthAna thA / nagara vahIM basAye jAte the ki jisa sthAnapara kAphI jaMgala aura pAnI nagaroMkA prabandha / evaM bhojanakI sAmagrI pracura mAtrAmeM upalabba hotI thI / ve bahudhA pahAr3oMke nikaTa hI huA karate the, jinake cAroM ora khAI aura cahAradivArI banI hotI thI / nagara sabhA vahAMkA prabandha karatI thI / sar3akoM, kuoM aura tAlAboM kA banavAnA, janopakAraka bagIcoM aura paloM ke bAgoMkA lagavAnA tathA dharmazAlA, mandira aura kamalasarovaroMko sirajanA nagarake AdhIna thA / nagaroMmeM jana saMkhyA ke anusAra dose sAtataka ' phurasa '-' maTha '' agnaddAra' aura 'ghaTikA' hota the, jinake kAraNa vidyArthI dUradUrase jJAnopArjana karane ke liye nagaroMne Akara rahate the / nagara meM AjIvikAkI apekSA bhaThAraha prakArakI jAtiyoM athavA zreNiyoMke loga rahA karate the aura unhIM ke pratinidhi nagarasabhA athavA pariSada meM jAkara nagarakA prabandha kiyA karate the / pariSada meM 1 1- gaMga0 150-152.

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96] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vaNika mAdi zreNiyoM ke pratinidhiyoM ke atirikta pradhAna, senaboga aura manigA bhI humA karate the| pradhAna pahanasvAmI' hI humA karate the| pariSada gharoMpara, aura teliyoM, kumhAroM, ghoSiyoM, gajoM, dukA. nadAroM bhAdi para kara lagAtA thaa| bhAyAta aura niryAta kara bhI pariSada vasUla karatA thaa| brahmaNa ina gharoMse mukta the / 'nAgarika' mathavA 'totIgara' nAmaka karmacArI dvArA zAMti aura vyavasthAkA prabandha hotA thaa| rAjA nagarapariSadake nirNayoM ko bar3e sammAnakI dRSTi se dekhatA thaa| gGgoMkI sainika vyavasthA sAmantoMkI RNI thii| yadyapi rAjAkI agnI senA huA karatI thI, parantu yuddha ke sainika vyvsthaa| samaya sAmantagaNa aura prAMtIya zAsakagaNa apanI-apanI senA lekara gajAkI sahAyatAke liye bhAte the| vaise gajA cAhatA thA usane manuSyoM ko senAmeM bharatI kara letA thA / sthAyI senA mukhyataH tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhakta thI marthAt (1) paidalasenA, (2) ghur3asavAra, (3) aura hAthiyoM kI senaa| ucca sainika zikSAke sthAnapara sainikoMmeM rAjAke prati aTUTa bhakti aura utsAhakA bAhulya thaa| yadyapi zilAlekhoMmeM catuGgasenAkA ullekha hai, parantu rathasenAkA vizeSa upayoga hotA nahIM miltaa| yadi ratha yuddha ke liye kAmameM liyA jAtA thA to bahuta kama / senAke ucca rAjakarmacArIgaNa 'daMDanAyaka'-'mahApracaMDa daNDanAyaka'-'mahAsAmantAdhipati' aura ' senAdhipati hiriyaheDuvaka ' 1-gaMga. 158-162.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [97 kahalAte the / sAmAnya senApati daNDAdhi' kahalAte the / ghur3asenAke svAmI mavAdhyakSa' athavA ' turuga-sAhajI' nAmase pukAre jAte the / inake atirikta senAmeM bhokara maMDalIka, vaidya aura mahA vyavahArI ( kamasariyaTa) bhI hote the / senAmeM bahudhA DAkuoMko bharatI kara liyA jAtA thA, jo dhanurvidyA bar3e catura hote the| hAthiyoMkI senA mukhya samajhI jAtI thI / sainika camar3e kA koTa aura phaulAdakA bakhtara tathA Tora pahanate the| DhAla-talavAra, dhanuSa, bANa, bAchI, bhAlA mAdi unake zastra hote the| unake pAsa eka prakArakI baMdUkeM (Fire arms) bhI hotI thiiN| yuddha ke samaya gajA prajApara eka vizeSa prakArakA kara bhI lagAtA thaa| mAnavoMkI nirarthaka hiMsA adhika na ho, isaliye mantrigaNa bahudhA jalayuddha-mallayuddha mAdi sAmAnya rUpameM jaya-parAjayake nirNAyaka upAryokI vyavasthA dete the| yadi zatru muMhameM tRNa dabAtA to samajha jAtA thA ki usane parAjaya svIkAra karalI hai| gaMga senAkI eka khAsa bAta yaha thI ki kucha sainika isa prakArakI pratijJA karate the ki ve raNakSetrameM rAjAke sAtha prANa dedeMge aura yadi jIte bace to rAjAkI mRtyu para unake sAtha apaneko jalA deMge ! rAjabhaktikI yaha parAkASThA thI!' gaGga rAjyameM nyAyakI vyavasthA rAjAke hI mAghIna thii| rAjA niSpakSa hokara nyAya karatA thaa| yadi apnyaay-vyvsthaa| rAdhI svayaM rAjAkA nikaTa sambandhI hotA thA to bhI daNDase vaJcita nahIM kiyA jAtA thaa| 1-gaMga0 pR. 162-70 /

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28 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | nyAyameM rAjAkA hAtha mahAdaNDanAyaka ke atirikta dharmAdhyakSa aura rAjAdhyakSa nAmaka karmacArI bhI baTAte the / yadi kisI vyaktiko putra nahIM hotA thA to usakI mRtyuke pazca t usake dhana-daulatakI mAlika usakI vidhavA patnI aura putriyAM bhI hotI thIM; yaha bAta gaGga nyAyameM khAsa thI / dAsaputroMko bhI uttarAdhikAra prApta thA / pahale 'kula' meM kisI jhagar3eko taya kiyA jAtA thA / usakI apIla vyApArika vendra zreNI' meM hotI thI aura usakI bhI apIla 'pUga' nAmaka sArvajanika sabhA jisameM sabhI nAgarika sammilita hote the, ho sakatI thii| aMtima nirNaya rAjAke mAdhIna thii| nyAya vyavasthA meM rAjAko adhika kaThora banane kI AvazyaktA nahIM thI / jainadharmake pracArake kAraNa gaGgavAr3Ike nivAsiyoMmeM dayA karuNA, satya, naitika dRr3hatA Adi guNakA bAhulya thA, jisakI vajaha se aparAdhoM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hotI thI / aparAdhiyoMko bahudhA jummAnekA daNDa diyA jAtA thA / prANIvadhakA aparAdhI avazya phAMsIkI sajA pAtA thA / ra gaMgavAr3Ike nivAsiyoMmeM aneka prakArake matamatAMtaroM kI mAnyatA thii| bahudhA loga nAgapUjA ke abhyAsI the / dhArmika sthiti / vaha bhUta-preta aura vRkSoMkI bhI pUjA karate aura bauddha-tInoM dharma the / brAhmaNa, jaina 1- gaMga0 50 171-173 / 2- As Jainism, the dominent religion of Gangavadi laid the strongest emphasis on moral rectitude and sanctity of animal life and promoted high truthfulness and honesty among the people, crime seems to have been rare. -- M. V. Krishna Rao, M. A., B. T. ) gaGga pRSTha 177 )

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ENSIV . . gaGga raajvNsh| 99 logoMmeM pracalita the| brAhmaNaloga pahale zaiva dharmake hI anuyAyI the| kucha loga 'zakti ke bhI pujArI the| uparAMta vaiSNavadharmakA bhI pracAra hogayA thaa| jainadharmane apanA mahatvazAlI sthAna prAcInakAlase janatAmeM kara rakkhA thaa| dakSiNakA jainadharma vahI prAcIna dharma thA jisakA upadeza aMtima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIrane diyA thA; kyoMki bhadrabAhusvAmIke samayameM jaina saMgha bhavibhakta thA aura usI bhavibhakta saMghake adhikAMza bhAcArya aura sAdhu dakSiNa bhAratameM mAye the| vaha loga apaneko 'mUlasaMgha'kA batalAte the| nissandeha zvetAMbara jainI vahAM milate bhI nahIM haiM / maMdiroMmeM digambara pratimAyeM hI sthApita kI jAtI thIM aura unako hI loga pUjate the / IsvI prArambhika zatAMbdiyoM taka bauddha dharma bhI dakSiNameM pracalita rahA; parantu apane zUnyavAda aura kriyAkAMDake sarvathA abhAvake kAraNa vaha vahAM brAhmaNoM aura jainoM ke sammukha Tika na skaa| gaMga vaMzake rAjA mukhyataH jainadharmake hI bhakta the; parantu dhArmika viSayoMmeM unakI rAjanaitika rIti-nIti gaMgarAjA aura samudAra thii| ve jainoMke sAtha brAhmaNoM aura jaindhrm| bauddhoMkA bhI bhAdara-satkAra karate the aura kisI kisI rAnAne unako dAna bhI diyA thaa| kiMtu jainadharma para gaMgarAjA vizeSa rUpameM sadaya huye the| hama likha cuke haiM ki gaMga vaMzake mAdi puruSa mAdhava aura didiga jainAcArya siMhanaMdike ziSya the, jinhoMne unheM jainadharmameM dIkSita -gaMga0, pR0 179-190 /

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100] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kiyA thaa| 'yathA rAjA tathA prajAH' kI ukti usa samaya kAryakArI huii| gaMgavAr3ImeM jainadharmakI jar3a gaharI baiTha gaI, usakA khUba hI pracAra humaa| jinendrakI chatrachAyAmeM hI gaMgavaMzI zAsakoMne rAjya kiyaa| yadyapi viSNugopane vaiSNavamata gRhaNa kara liyA thA; parantu phira bhI jainadharmakA sitArA UMcA banA rhaa| zrI vikramake samayase gagavaMzake rAjAmoMne jainadharmakA pAlana khuba dRDhatAke sAtha kiyaa| udhara rASTra kUToMkA sAhAyya aura saMkSaNa bhI jainadharmako prApta huA thaa| ina kAraNoMse jainadharmakA isasamaya vizeSa abhyudaya huA thaa| kaI gagavaMzI rAjA jaise nItimArga, buTuga aura mAsiMha kevala jaina siddhAMta ke dhuraMdhara vidvAna the, itanA hI nahIM balki mAne mahAn dharmakoM ke liye bhI vaha prasiddha the, jinhoMne mandiroM, vastiyoM, maThoM, mAnastaMbhoM, puloM, sAlAboM mAdiko nirmANa karAyA aura unake liye bhUmidAna bhI diyaa| cAmuMDarAyane 'cAmuMDarAya vastI' aura vizAla gommaTamUrti zravaNabelagola meM nirmApita kraaye| aura to aura, mAkhirI aMdhakAramaya avasara para bhI rakkamagaMga aura nItimArga tRtIyane jainadharma pracAra aura pramAvake liye prazaMsanIya udyoga kiyA thaa| unhoMne takakADameM eka bhavya mandira nirmANa karAyA tathA aura bhI bahutase dhArmika kArya kiye / kheda hai ki yaha sundara nagara mAja kAverI nadIke renameM davA par3A hai| yadi kabhI khudAI huI aura usakA uddhAra huA, to apUrva jaina kIrtiyAM vahAMse upalabdha hoNgii|' isaprakAra rAjAzraya prApta karake jainadharma unnatAvasthAko prApta 1-gaMga0, pRSTha 204-205.

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gngg-raajvNsh| [101 huA aura isa kAla meM aneka dhuraMdhara ja... digambara jainAcArya / cAyoM ne usake nAma aura kAmameM cAra cAMda lagA diye / unake satata aura punIta adhyavasAyake vazavartI ho digambara jainadharma dakSiNa bhAratameM navIM zatAbdi taka sarvopari rahA / itihAsako sarva prAcIna digambara jainAcArya rUpameM zruta kevalI bhadrabAhukA hI patA hai / vaha mauryasamrAT candraguptake sAtha jainasaMghako lekara dakSiNabhAratameM bhAye the aura zravaNabeLagolameM Thahare aura samAdhiko prApta huye the, yaha hama pahale likha cuke haiN| usa janasaMgha dvArA jainadharma kA khUba pracAra humA thaa| zravaNabelagola, paMcapAMDavamalaya Adi sthAna saMbhavataH inhIM sAdhuoMke kAraNa tIrtharUpameM prasiddha huye the| ina sAdhuoMkI tapasyAse pavitra huye sthAna bhalA kyoM na pUjya hote ? janatA ina sAdhuoMko camatkArika Rddhi-siddhi dAtA bhI mAnate the aura unakI pUjA vinaya zraddhApUrvaka karate the| pratyeka sabhadAyake bhAcArya apane matako hI sarvapradhAna banAne kA usoga karate the| jainAcAryoM ne isa avasarase kAma uThAyA aura cauthI zatAbdike lagabhaga jainadharma ko pAMDya, cola aura cera dezoMmeM pramukhapadapara lA baiThAyA / gAmila sAhitya janoM ke saMrakSaNameM vRddhiMgata humaa| kuMdakuMdAcArya sadRza prAcIna aura mahAn AcAryane isa punIta kAryameM bhapaneko utsarga kara diyA, yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| __ kahate haiM ki vaha drAvir3asabake mUlasthAna pATalIputrameM hI saMmataH rahate the aura unake ziSya prasiddha pallava rAjakumAra zivakumAra mahArAna the, jinake liye unhoMne apane anUThe graMtha-ratna likhe the| unhoMne

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1.02] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / nanadharma pracArake lie pAMDya, cola aura cera dezameM kaI vAra bhramaNa 'karake bhavyoMkA uddhAra kiyA thaa| yaha bhAcArya mahArAja itane mAnya aura prasiddha hue ki inake nAmakI apekSA jaina sAdhuoM kA 'kundakundAnvaya' astitva meM bhAyA / kundakundasvAmIke bAda dUsare prakhyAta bhAcArya svAmI samantabhadra the| inakI pratibhA aura pavitratAne jana dhako khUba hI prakAzita kiyA thaa| inakA bhI varNana pahale likhA jAcukA hai| gaGga rAjavaMzake varNanameM vizeSa ullekhanIya zrI siMhanandAcArya haiM / unakA mahAna vyaktitva, pratibhA aura prabhAva isIse praSTa hai ki unhoMkI sahAyatAse mAghava aura didiga gaGgarAjyakI sthApanA karane meM saphala-manoratha hue the| siMhanandi bhAcAryane una rAjakumAroMko kevala dharmo deza hI nahIM diyA thA; balki unako senA maura anya rAjakIya zaktiyAM bhI prapta karAI thiiN| kheda hai ki ina mahAn bhAcArya ke viSayameM adhika kucha bhI jJAta nahIM huA hai / hA~, yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki siMha. naMdike nikaTatama uttarAdhikArI vakragrIva, 'navastotra' ke racayitA bajranandin aura 'vilakSaNa siddhAnta' ke khaMDanakartA pAtrakesarI the| vakragrIva bhAcAryakI vidvattAkA anumAna isIse lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne 'atha' zabdakA artha lagAtAra chai mahIne taka prarUpA thii| dajranandin saMbhavataH mAcArya pUjyapAdake ziSya the, jinhoMne madurAmeM 'drAvir3a saMgha' kI sthApanA kevala jaina dharmake pracArake liye kI thii| 1-ga0, pRSTha 193-196. 2-zisaM0, mamikA- pRSTha 128.

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gaGga rAjavaMza / [ 103 AcArya pAtrakesarIkA sthAna tatkAlIna jaina saMghameM ullekhanIya thA / vaha janmase jainI nahIM the| jaina dharmameM pAtrakesarI | vaha dIkSita hue the| isa ghaTanA se usa samaya ke jainAcAryoM ke dharmapracArakA mahatva spaSTa hotA hai / unake nikaTa dharmaprabhAvanA kevala nayanAbhirAma maMdiroM aura / mUrtiyoM ko banA dene se hI nahIM thI, balki mithyAdRSTiyoM ke ajJAnako miTA denA hI unake nikaTa saccA dharmaprabhAva thA / pAtrakesarI ke samAna udbhaTa vaidika dharmAnuyAyI brAhmaNa vidvAnkA jainI honA una jainAcAryoM ke akATya pANDitya aura pratibhAkA jJApaka hai | AcArya pAtrakesarIkA karmakSetra ahicchatra nAmaka sthAna the / vahAM vaha rAjya meM kisI acche padapara AsIna the / svAmI samantabhadra ke 'devAgama' stotra ko sunakara unakI zraddhA palaTa gaI thI aura vaha jainadharma meM dIkSita hogaye the | jainI honepara unake bhAva uttarottara pavitra hote gaye | yahAMtaka I ki vaha antataH digambara jaina muni hoge| muni dazA meM vaha pavitra AcArako pAlate aura nirmaka jJAnako prakAzita karate the / " bhagavajjina senAcArya jaise AcAryoMne ApakI stuti kI hai aura Arake nirmaka gugako vidvAnoM ke hRdayapara hAra kI tarahase ArUr3ha batalAyA hai / " pAtrakesarI svAmIne ' jinendra guNa saMstuti ' nAmaka eka stotra grantha racA thA, jise " pAtrakesarI stotra " bhI kahate haiM aura jo 'mANikacandra granthamAlA' meM chapa cukA hai / isa 1- ahicchatra nAmaka sthAna dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI thaa| cUMki pAtra - kezarIke samasAmayika vidvAn dakSiNa meM hI hue the, isalie vaha bhI dakSiNa ahicchatra meM hue pratIta hote haiM /

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104] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / racanAse pragaTa hai ki unake grantha bar3e mahatvake hote the / parantu kheda hai ki unakI anya koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai / gyArahavIM zatAbdi taka unake prasiddha nyAya grantha 'vilakSaNa kadarthana ' ke astitvakA patA calatA hai / bauddhAcArya zAMtirakSita ( san 705-762 ) ne apane 'tatvasaMgraha ' nAmaka graMthameM usase katipaya zloka uddhata kiye the| alaMkadevake graMthoMke pradhAna TIkAkAra zrI manantavIrya bhAcAryane, jinakA AvirbhAva maphalaMkadevake maMtima jIvanameM athavA unase kucha hI varSoM bAda humA jAna par3atA hai, mAlaMkadeva kRta 'siddha vinizcaya' granthakI TIkAke 'hetulakSaNa siddhi' nAmaka chaThe prastAvameM pAtrakesarIsvAmI, unake "trikakSaNa-kadarthana " grantha aura unake 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' nAmake prasiddha zlokake viSaya meM ullekhanIya carcA kI hai, jisase pAtrakesarIkI vidvattA aura yoga caryA kA patA calatA hai / kahate haiM ki ukta zlokakI racanAmeM unheM zrI padmAvatIdevIne sahAyatA pradAna kI thI / vaha tIrthakara sImevarasvAmIke nikaTase ukta ilokako prApta karake lAI aura pAtrakesarIko use diyA / zAsanadevatAkA isa prakAra sahAyaka honA pAtrakesarIko eka UMce darjekA yogI pramANita karatA hai| usa ilokako pAkara hI pAtrakesarI bauddhoMke anumAna viSayaka hetu bakSaNakA khaNDana karane ke liye samartha hae the| zravaNabelagola ke 'malliSeNa prazasti' nAmaka zilAlekha (naM. 54-67 meM, jo ki zaka saM0 1050 kA likhA humA hai, * trilakSaNa-kadarthana' ke ullekhapUrvaka pAtrakesarIkI stuti kI gaI hai| yathAH

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gaGga-rAjavaMza | [ 105 " mahimAsapAtra ke sariguroH paraM bhavati yasya bhaktyAsIt / padmAvatI sahAyA trilakSaNa- kadarthanaM kartum / / " bhAvArtha-una pAtrakesarI gurukA bar3A mAhAtmya hai jinakI bhakti ke vaza hokara padmAvatIdevIne 'trilakSaNa kadarthana ' kI kRtimeM unakI sahAyatA kI thI / belUra tAlukeke zilAlekha naM0 17 meM bhI zrI pAtrakesarIkA lekha hai / isameM samantabhadrasvAmI ke bAda patrikesarIkA honA likhA hai aura unheM samantabhadra ke dramila saMghakA agresara sUcita kiyA hai| sAtha hI, yaha prakaTa kiyA hai ki pAtrakesarIke bAda kramazaH vakragrIva, bajranandI, sumatiTTAraka, maura samayadIpaka akalaMka nAmake pradhAna mAcArya huye haiM / ina ullekha se pAtrakesarIkI prAcInatAkA patA calatA hai| ve akalaMka devase bahuta pahale huye pratIta hote haiM / drAvir3a saMghakI sthApanA vi. saM. 526 meM vajranandIne kI thI / ataH unase pahale hue pAtra kesarIkA samaya chaThI zatAbdI se pahale pAMcavIM yA cauthI zatAbdi ke karIba honA cAhiye / katigya vidvAn zrI vidyAnanda svamIkA hI apagnAma pAtrakesarI samajhate haiM, parantu yaha bhUla hai / pAtrakesarI eka bhinna hI prabhAvazAlI cArya the| 1 gaGga rAjya meM jainadharmakA pracAra karanevAle AcAryoMmeM bhaTTAraka sunatideva bhI ullekhanIya the / zravaNabelagolakI anya AcArya | mallipeNa prazastimeM unakA ullekha huA hai aura unheM 'sumatisaptaka' nAmaka subhASita 1 - anekAnta, ma 0 1 10 68-78 /

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106] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prathakA raciyatA likhA hai| isa granthameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa puruSArtho kA acchA vivecana kiyA gayA thaa| dUsare ullekhanIya bhAcArya zrI kumArasena, cintAmaNi, zrI varddhadeva aura mahezvara the| zrI varddhadevakA dUsarA nAma unake janmasthAnake nAmakI apekSA tumbulAcArya thaa| unhoMne 96000 zloka pramANa 'cUr3AmaNi' nAmaka granthakI racanA kI thI, jisake kAraNa vaha ' kavi cUr3AmaNi' kahalAye the| mahAkavi daNDin ( 7vIM zatAbdi ) ne inakI prazaMptAmeM kahA thA ki: 'jahvoH kanyAM jaTAgreNa vabhAra paramezvaraH / zrIbarddhadeva sandhatse jihAgreNa sarasvatIM // bhAvArtha-jisaprakAra zivajIne apanI jaTAke agrabhAgase gaMgAko dhAraNa kiyA, usI prakAra zrIvarddhadevane apanI jihvAke agrabhAgase sAkSAt sarasvatIko dhAraNa kiyA hai ! nissaMdeha bhAcArya zrIvarddhadevakI pratimA aura kIrti madvitIya thii| zrI varddhadeva bhAcAryake samakAlIna vidvAn pUjyapAda the, jinakA dIkSAnAma devanandi thA aura jo devanaMdi puujypaad| saMmatataH chaThI zatAbdimeM mAne astitvase isa gharAtalako pavitra banA rahe the / zAstroMmeM unakI prasiddhi eka yogI-rUpameM vizeSa hai| apanI mahad buddhike kAraNa vaha jinendrabuddhi kahalAye the| kanar3Ike 'pUjyapAda caritra' nAmaka granthameM unakA jIvana-vRtAMta likhA humA milatA hai| usase 1-gaMga* pR. 196-197 /

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gaGga raajvNsh| [107 vidita hotA hai ki 'pUjyapAdakA janma karNATaka dezake kole nAmaka grAmameM rahanevAle mASamaTTa nAmaka brAhmaNa aura zrIdevI brAhmaNIke gRhameM humA thaa| mAdhavamaTTane apanI patnIke agrahase jainadharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| isaliye bAlaka pUjyagada janmase hI jaina vAtAvaraNameM pAle- pose bhaura zikSita-dIkSita kiye gaye the| pUjyagadakI eka choTI bahina thI, jisakA nAma kamalinI thaa| vaha guNabhaTTako vyAhI thI aura usakA nAgArjuna nAmakA putra thaa| ekadafA pUjyapAdane eka bagIce meM eka sAMpake muMhameM phaMse huye meMDakako dekhA, jisase unheM vairAgya hogayA aura ve digambara jaina sAdhu bana gaye / udhara guNabhaTTake marajAnese nAgArjuna atizaya daridra hogyaa| sAdhupravara pUjyapAdako usa para dayA bhAgaI aura unhoMne use padmAvatIkA eka mantra diyA evaM use siddha karane kI vidhi batalA dii| pAvatIne nAgArjunake niSTa prakaTa hokara use siddharasakI vanaspati btlaadii| isa siddha. ratase nAgArjuna sonA banAne kgaa| usane eka jinAlaya banavAyA aura usameM bhagavAn pArzvanAthakI pratimA sthApita kii| pUjyapAda pAmayogI the| vaha gaganagAmI lepa lagAkara videha kSetrako jAyA karate the| unhoMne muni avasthAmeM bahuta samaya taka yogAbhyAsa kiyA aura eka devake vimAna meM baiThakara bhaneka tIrthokI yAtrA kii| tIrthayAtrA karate huye mArgameM eka jagaha unakI dRSTi naSTa hogaI thI so unhoMne eka zAntyASTaka racakara jyoMkI tyoM karalI / isake bAda unhoMne apane grAmameM bhAkara samAdhipUrvaka maraNa kiyaa| unhoMne 'jainendra vyAkaraNa 'mahatpratiSThAlakSaNa aura vaidyaka-jyotiSake kaI grantha racakara

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108] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 19 jainadharmakA dyota kiyA thA / isa vRtAntase spaSTa hai ki (1) pUjyapAda karNATaka dezake adhivAsI brAhmaNa the, (2) unakA kAryakSetra bhI vahAM hI thA, (3) unhoMne videhakSetrakI yAtrA kI thI, (4) jainendra vyAkaraNa Adi granthoMko unhoMne racA thA, (5) aura vaha eka bar3e yogI evaM maMtravAdI the / 'pUjyapAda caritra' meM varNita ina bAtoM kA samarthana anya srota se bhI hotA hai / gaGga-rAjA durvinIta ke vaha guru the, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai / ataH pUjyapAdakA kAryakSetra dakSiNa bhArata hI pramANita hotA hai / markarA (kurga ) ke prAcIna tAmrapatra ( vi0 saM0 123 ) meM kundakundAnvaya aura dezIyagaNaka muniyoMkI paramparA isaprakAra dI hai: - guNacandra, abhayanaMdi, zIlamadra, jJAnanaMdi, guNanaMdi, aura vadananaMdi / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki pUjyapAda inhIM vadananaMdi AcArya ke ziSya athavA praziSya the| unake sambandha meM nimna zloka bhI vidvAnoM dvArA upasthita kiyA jAtA hai ' yo devanandi prathamAbhidhAno / buddhayA mahatyA sa jinendrabuddhiH // zrI pUjyapAdo'jani devatAbhiyatpUjitaM pAdayugaM yadIyam / ' bhAvArtha - ' una AcAryakA pahalA nAma devanandi thA, buddhi kI mahattA ke kAraNa ve jinendrabuddhi kahalAye aura devoMne unake caraNoMkI pUjA kI, isa kAraNa unakA nAma pUjyapAda huA / zravaNabelagola ke ( naM. 108 ) maMgagaja kavikRta zilAlekha meM (vi. 1 - jehi0 mA0 15 10 105 /

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gaGga- rAjavaMza / [ 109 saM0 0 1500) meM unake viSaya meM nIce likhe zloka upalabtra hote haiM ." zrI pUjyapAdoddhRnadharma ra jyasthataH surAdhIzvara pUjyapAdaH / / yadIyadu gugA!nadAna vadanti zAkhANi taduddhAni // 15 // vizvabuddharayamatra yogibhiH kRtakatvabhAvamanuviduccakaiH / jinavadvabhuva yadagacApahRtsa jinendrabuddhiriti sadhuriH // 16 // zrI pUjyapAdamunirapratimoSaddhi jIyAdvideha jinadarzana pUnagAtraH / yatpAdadhauta jalasaMsparza prabhAvAt kAlAyasaM kila tadA kanakIcakAra // 17 // ' ina zlokoMkA abhiprAya yaha hai ki pUjyapAda svAmI devendra dvArA pUjyanIya the / vaha bar3e guNI, bahu zAstra vijJa, vizvovakArakI buddhi dhAraka parama yogI the| vaha apanI buddhi kI prakarSA ke kAraNa jinendrabuddhi kahalAte the / vaha auSadhi Rddhi ke dhAraNa karanevAlevideha kSetra meM sthita jinendra ke darzana dvArA hue pavitragAta the aura unake padaprakSAlita jalase lohA bhI sonA hojAtA thA / vidvAnoM ne unakI vidyA aura pratibhAkI pada-padapara prazaMpA kI hai aura unakA ullekha saMkSipta 'deva' nAmase bhI kiyA hai| zrI vAdirAjane unakI acintya mahimA batAI' aura zrI jinasenAcAryane unheM devavandya evaM 'jainendra' nAmaka vyAkaraNakA karttA likhA hai| zrI zumacaMdrAcAryane unako sadA pUjyapAda vaiyAkaraNa kahA hai aura dhanaMjaya kavine bhI unake vyAkaraNakA ullekha kiyA hai / vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpameM 3 1 - ' acintyamahimA devaH so'bhinaMdya hitaiSiNA / - pArzvanAthacarita sa 1. 2 - ' indracandrArka jainendravyApi vyAkaraNe kSigaH / devasya devavandyasya na vaMdate giraH katham // ' - harivaMza purANa / 3- 'pUjyapAdaH sadA pUjyapAdaH pUjyaiH punAtu mAm / ityAdi / - pAMDavapurANa | pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam / - nAmamAlA /

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110] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pUjya gadakI prasiddhi yahAMtaka huI thI ki vyAkaraNameM kisI vidva nkI vidvattA prakaTa karane ke lie loga unheM sAkSAt 'pUjyapAda ' kahA karate the| kanar3I kavi vRttivilAsane svAcita 'dharmavilAsa' kI prazastimeM pUjyapAdajIkI bar3I prazaMsA likhI hai aura unakI bhanyAnya racanAoM kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai: " bharadi jainendramAsura-enala oredaM pANinIyake TIkuM varedaM tattvArthamaM TippaNadina aripidaM yaMtramaMtrAdizAstroktakaram / bhUrakSaNArtha vicisi jasamuM tAlidadaM vizvavidyAbharaNaM bhavyAlipArAdhitapadakamakaM pUjyapAdaM vratIndram // " bhAvArtha-" vratIndra pUjyapAdane, jinake caraNakamaloMkI bhaneka bhavya mArAdhanA karate the aura jo vizvabharakI vidyAoM ke zaMgAra the, prakAzamAna jainendra vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI, pANini vyAkaraNakI TIkA likhI, TippaNa dvArA tatvArthakA arthAvabodhana kiyA aura pRthvIkI rakSAke liye yaMtramaMtrAdi zAstrakI racanA kii|" mAcArya zumacandra ne 'jJAnArNava' ke prAraMbha meM devanandi ( pUjyapAda ) kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai: 'apA kurvanti yadvAcaH kAyavAkacittasaMbhavam / kalaGkamaGginAM so'yaM devanandI namasyate / / arthAt-" jinakI vANI dehadhAriyoM ke zarIra, vacana aura mana sambandhI malako miTA detI hai, una devanaMdIko maiM namaskAra karatA 1- sarvavyAkaraNe vipazcida dhipaH zrI pUjyapAdaH svayaM / ' -pravaNabelagola zi. naM. 47 /

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gngg-raajvNsh| [111 hai|" devanaMdi (pUjyapAda) ke tIna granthoMko vakSya karake yaha prazaMsA kI gaI pratIta hotI hai / zarIrake malako nAza karaneke liye unakA vaidyakazAstra, vacanakA maila (doSa) miTAne ke lie 'jainendra vyAkaraNa' aura manakA maila dUra karane ke lie 'samAdhitaMtra' nAmaka graMtha ullekhanIya haiN| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki devanandi pUjyapAda eka bahu prakhyAt bhAcArya the| unhoMne sAre dakSiNa bhAratameM bhramaNa karake dharmakA udyota kiyA thaa| jahAM jahAM vaha jAte the vahAM vahAM vAdiyoMse bAda karate aura vijaya pAte the, jisase jaina dharmakI apUrva pratiSThA sthApita hogaI thii| unakI vidyA sArvadezI thI, jisake kAraNa. unhoMne siddhAMta, nyAya aura vyAkaraNake advitIya grantha race the / unakA janendra vyAkaraNa' hI saMbhavataH jainiyoMdvArA racA huA saMskRta bhASAkA pahalA vyAkaraNa hai / isake atirikta unhoMne nimna graMthoMkI racanA aura kI thI: 1-sarvArthasiddhi-digambara sampradAyameM bhAcArya umAsvAmI kRta tatvArthAdhigama sUtrakI yahI sabase pahalI TIkA hai| isase prAcIna TIkA svAmI samantabhadra kRta gaMdhahasti bhASya thA; parantu vaha anupalabdha hai| 2-samAdhitaMtra-adhyAtma viSayakA bahuta hI gambhIra aura tAtvika grantha hai| 3-iSTopadeza-kevala 51 zloka pramANa choTAsA sundara upadezapUrNa graMtha hai| . 4-nyAyakumuda candrodaya-nyAyakA grantha hai, jisakA ullekha humacake eka zilAlekhameM huA hai|

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112] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 5-zabdAvatAra nyAsa-yaha pANinisUtrakI TIkA hai| isakA ullekha bhI uparokta zilAlekhameM huA hai / 6-zAkaTAyana sUtra nyAsa-zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNakI TIkA / pUrvokta zilA) 7-vaidyazAstra-yaha cikitsAzAstra anuparA hai / 8-chaMdazAstra / -jainAbhiSe-yaha bhI anuAlaya hai|' pUjyagada ke pazca t mUlasaMvameM bhAcArya mahezvara mAdi aneka mAcAryoM ne mAne astitva, vyaktitva aura avazeSa jainAcArya / kAryagTutva guNoM se bhaina makI pratinAko akSuNNa banAye rakkhA thaa| bhAcArya mahezvarake viSayameM kahA gayA hai ki vaha mahArAkSasodvArA pUjita the|' bhaTTAkalaGkasvAmIne rAjA himazItaLakI rAjasabhA meM bauddhoMko parAsta karake jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA kI thii| unake samaya meM bahutase jainI uttarakI orase mAkara hoDamaNDalamameM basa gae the| unhoMne maNNamale, madurA aura zravaNabelagolameM apanI palliyAM sthApita kI thiiN| maNNamalaikI jaina pallIke katiAya prakhyAt jaina guru sandusena, indusena aura kanakanandi nAmaka the| zravaNabelagolake mUlasaMghameM sarvazrI bhAcArya puSyasena, vimalacandra aura indranandi the, jo saMbhavataH mAlaGkamvAmIke sahadharmI aura ggavaMzI rAjA zrIpuruSa aura zivamAra dvitIyake samasAmayika the| vimalacandrane zaiva-pAzupatAdi-vAdiyoM ke 1-jaizasaM0, bhUmikA pRSTa 141-142. 2-jaizi60 mRmikA pa. 140. 3-4-gaMga0, pRSTha0 198-99.

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nA sjvNsh| [111 sAtha bAda karane ke lie 'zatru bhayaGkara' nAmaka rAjAke bhavanadvArapara noTisa lagA diyA thaa| yaha ullekha unakI vidvattA, nirmI katA mora rAjyamAnyatAkA dyotaka hai| zrI toraNAcArya aura unake ziSya puSpanandi rAjA zivamArake guru the| paramAdImallane nAnA sthAnozra paravAdiyoMse bAda karake apane nAmako sArthaka kara diyA thA / mAryadeva jainadharmake eka anya mahApracAraka the, jinhoMne zravaNabelagolakI vindhyagirimara kAyotsarga mudrAse samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| candrakIrti aura karmaprakRti nAmaka bhAcArya unake samakAlIna the| candakIrtine 'zrunabindu' nAmaka granthakI racanA kI thii| uparAnta zrIpAladeva nAmaka prasiddha bhAcArya huye, jinakA ullekha zrI jinasenAcArya ne apane AdipurANa' meM kiyA hai, aura jo vyAkaraNa, nyAya aura siddhAMta viSayoM ke paNDita hone ke kAraNa vidyAcArya' kahalAte the| inake ziSya prakhyAt vAdI mItasena aura hemasena the, jinhoMne bauddha vAdiyoM ko zAstrArthame parAsta kiyA thaa| zrIdharAcA. ryake ziSya ereyappake guru ekAcArya dezIgaNa aura pustakagaccha ke prasiddha bhAcArya the, jinhoMne eka mahine taka kevala jala lekara jIvana nirvAha karake samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / navIM aura dazavIM zatAbdimeM dakSiNa bhAratameM eka vikaTa pArmika parivartana humaa| jainadharma aura bauddhdhrm-sNktt| dharma-donoM hI viruddha zaiva aura vaiSNavoM kA bhakivAda vijayI humA / pANyadevameM 1-kSisaM., pRSTha 105. 2-gaga0, pRSTha 199 -gama, 10 200.

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114] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sambandaraka udyogoMke pariNAma svarUra jainadharma hataprabha hubhA to apa. rane unheM pallavadezameM na-kahIMkA banA chor3A, yaha pahale hI likhA jAcukA hai / udhara dakSiNapathameM advaitavAdI zaMkarAcArya aura manikavacakarake pracArase jainadharmako kAphI dhakkA lgaa| pariNAmataH dakSiNa bhAratameM jainoMkI saMkhyA, jainoMkI rAjakIya pratiSThA aura unakA prabhAva kSINa hogayA / isa avasthAmeM bhI eka vizeSatA unameM pUrvavat rahI aura vaha yaha ki unakA bauddhika-vikAza jyoMkA tyoM rahA / unhoMne vyAkaraNa, nyAya aura jyotiSa viSayoMka anUThe graMthoMko sirajA / malA, periyakulam , palli aura maduga nAmaka tAlukose jo zilAlekha mile haiM unase spaSTa hai ki utane pradezameM jainadharmakA prabhAva taba bhI akSuNNa rahA thaa| muni kurundi maSToravAsI aura unake ziSyoMne yahAM khAsA dharmapacAra kiyA thaa| 'jIvakacintAmaNi' nAmaka granthase pragaTa hai ki bhAcArya guNasena. nAganaMdi, mariSTanemi aura ajanandi bhI isI samaya hue the, jinhoMne apanI dharmaparAya. NatAse bhavyoM kA upakAra kiyA thaa| zrI guNabhadrAcArya ke ziSyamaNDala puruSa bhI ina pracArakoMke sAtha ullekhanIya haiN| unhoMne tAmilabhASAmeM eka chaMdazAstra racA thA / pallava aura pANDyadezoMmeM nirgasita hokara madhikAMza jainI gaMgavAr3ImeM hI maarhe| zravaNabelagola unakA kendra thaa| gaMgavAr3ImeM bhAye huye ina jainiyoMmeM isa samaya katipaya vizeSa ullekhanIya bhAcArya huye, jinakA prabhAva na uparAMtake digambara vevaLa gaMgavAr3Ipara balki rASTrakUTa-rAjya para jainaacaary| bhI thaa| inameM zrI pramAcandrAcArya rAThaura . 1-gaMga0, 199-202 /

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gngg-raajvNsh| [115 samrAT amoghavarSake guru zrI jinasenAcArya ke pahale hocuke the| unhoMne apane samayake rAjA aura pranAko dharmasta banAkara jainamatakA udyota kiyA thaa| yaha prabhAcandra parIkSAmukhake' racayitA zrI mANikanaMdI bhAcArya ke ziSya the aura inhoMne prameyakamanamArtaNDa' aura 'nyAyakumuda caMdrodaya' nAmaka granthoMkI racanA kI thI / jainendra vyAkaraNakA 'zabdAmbhoja bhAskara' nAmaka mahAnyAsa bhI saMbhavataH ApakA banAyA humA hai / ' nissaMdeha vaha eka atyaMta prabhAvazAlI vidvAna the (One of the most infteential Jain techer) zrI jinasenAcArya aura zrI guNa madrAyane rASTrakUTa rAjAmeM unhIMkI taraha dharmakA udyota kiyA thaa| kinchu gaMgavAr3ImeM dUsare prasiddha jainAcArya zrI manitasena the| ___ yaha bhanitasenAcArya gaGgasamrAT mArasiMha aura prasiddha gaMga senApati cAmuMDarAyajIke gurU the| "mlliajitsenaacaary| gheNAcArya vicita 'nAgakumAra kAmya' aura 'bhairavapadmAvatIkara' nAmaka graMthokI prazastiyoMmeM unako 'mupakirITa' vighaTTinakamayuga:-'sakala nRpasukuTapaTitacaraNa yuga: - jitakaSAya'-'guNavAridhi'-'cArUcaritra' taponidhi likhA hai| zrI nemicandrAcAryane apane 'gommaTasArameM unakI prazaMsA karate hue, unheM bhAryasena gaNika guNasamUhakA dhAraka aura bhuvanaguru. pragaTa kiyA hai| aura 'bAhubanicaritra ke ka ne unheM nandisaMghake antargata dezIgaNakA bhAcarya tathA zrI siMhanandi munike caraNakamalakA amara 1-HIR, mUmikA 8 581ga0, pR0 202 .

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116] saMkSisa jaina itihAsa / batalAyA hai| isase pragaTa hai ki 'zrI majitasenAcArya naMdisaMghake mantargata dezIgaNake bhAcArya the aura unake guru siMhanaMdI tathA mAryasena nAmake munirAja the| unhoMne 'alaGkAra cUr3AmaNi' aura 'maNiprakAza' nAmaka granthako racA thaa|' gaGga rAjA mArasiMhane san 973 I0 meM bakApurameM inhIM bhAcArya mahArAja ke caraNakamaloMmeM sallekha. nAvrata dhAraNa karake devagati prApta kI thii| senApati cAmuMDarAya aura unake putra jinadevana unake zrAvaka-ziSya the| zravaNabelagolameM eka jinamandira nirmANa karAkara unhoMne bhajitasenAcArya ke prati utsarga kiyA thaa| bhajitasenasvAmI svayaM rAjamAnya mahApuruSa the aura unake uparAMta haye jainAcArya bhI rAjyAzramako pAne meM saphala haye the| pariNAmataH rAjA aura prajAke sahayoga dvArA zrI majitase na jIne jainadharma kA prakAza khuba hI kiyA thaa| ina munigajake pradhAna ziSya 'kanakasena' nAmaka muni the, jo 'vigatamAnamada'-'duritAMta'-'baracaritra'-mahA. vrata pAlaka' munipuMgava likhe gaye haiN| kanakasenake bhaneka ziSya the, jinameM 'bhavamahodadhitArataraMDaka' jitamada zrI jinasenajI mukhya the| ina jinasenajIke choTe bhAI kA nAma narendrasena thA, jo cArucaritra. vRtti, puNyamUrti aura vAdiyoM ke samUhake jItanevAle kahe gaye haiN| zrI jinasenake ziSya maliSeNa the, jo ' ubhaya bhASA kavi 1-jaihi0, mA* 15 pRSTha 21-24 / SNarAva mahAzayane na mAlUma kisa bhAdhArase bhajitasenajIko zrI guNabhadrAcAryakA ziSya likhA hai ! (ga. pR. 20) / 2-Sartstrit MH. My gotto Odong, p. 304.

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gaGga raajvNsh| [117 cakravartI ' kahalAte the| yaha bar3e bhArI maMtramalliSeNAcArya aadi| vAdI the / mahApugaNakI prazastimeM inhoMne svayaM apaneko -- gAruDa maMtravAda vedI' likhA hai| bhairava-padmAvatI kalpa' aura 'jvAlinI kalA' nAmaka inakI donoM racanAyeM maMtrazAstra viSayaka haiM / 'bAla gRhacikitsA' nAmakA grantha bhI unakA racA humA he / 'mahApurANa' aura ' nAgakumAra caritra' bhI unake race hue grantha haiN| inake atirikta 'hitarUpa. siddhi' nAmaka grantha ke kartA aura matisAgara munike ziSya dayA. pAka muni bhI ullekhanIya haiN| vaha vAdirAja munike sahadharmI the| vAdirAja dazavIM zatAbdike arddhabhAgameM hue prasiddha bhAcArya the| unhoMne cAlukyoMkI rAjadhAnImeM aneka paravAdiyoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| vAdirAjake sama sAmayika zrIvijaya nAmaka bhAcArya the, jinakI vinaya gaMgavaMzake buTuga, mArasiMha aura rakkamagaMga nAmaka rAjA oMne kI thii| sArAMzataH gaMgavAr3ImeM usa samaya jainadharmake bhASArastambharUpa aneka prasiddha AcArya huye the, jinhoMne apane pavitra upadeza aura pAvana kAryoMse lokakA mahAn kalyANa kiyA thaa| digambara jainadharmakA mAdarza sadaiva usake tIna jagata prasiddha siddhAMtoM-ahiMsA, tyAga aura tapameM garmita. jnaacaar| rahA hai| sAtha hI manuSyoMkI buddhi aura vANIko pariSkRta bhora samudAra banAne liye usakA nyAyAlA syAdvAda siddhAMtapara sthira rahA hai| gaMga 3611-11-AIR 311 /

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118] 118 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / usakA pA satkAyo vAr3Ike digambara jainadharmameM usakA mAdarza aura nyAya mUrtimAna humA thA / di0 jaina muniyoM aura zrAvakoMke satkAryose vaha ra munnata banA thaa| muniyoM aura zrAvakoMke liye usa samaya jo niyama pracalita the, unase uparokta vyAkhyAkA samarthana hotA hai| gaMgavAr3ImeM bhI sAdhudazA pUrNa Acelakya-digambastvameM garbhita thI / isa asighArA sama tIkSNa vratakA vratIjana saharSa anugamana karate the / vaha paMcamahAvratAdirUpa mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate huye apaneko sadA hI daNDa, zalya, mada aura pramAdake cuMgaloMse bacAye rahate the| vaha niraMtara jJAna, dhyAna aura bhAvanAoMke ciMtanameM samaya vitAte the / ' karma siddhAMtameM unheM dRr3ha vizvAsa thA / zarIrase mamatA nahIM thI aura na vaha usako sApha karane kI ciMtA rakhate the; balki koI2 bhAcArya to zarIra ke prati apanI isa upekSAvRtti ke kAraNa dhUladhUsarita rahate huye 'manadhArin' kahalAte the| muni avasthAmeM vaha hamezA apane jJAnako nirmala banAte the aura sundara sAhityika racanAmoM dvArA loka kalyANakA sAdhana sirajate the| maukhika zAstrArthoM aura apane satkAryoM dvArA vaha jainadharmakI prabhAvanA karate the| maunI bhaTTArakane to dharmarakSAke liye zastra prahaNa bhI kiyA thaa| muniyoMke sAtha gRhasthajana bhI dharma pAlanakA pUrNa dhyAna rakhate the| ve 'zrAvaka' mathavA 'manyajana' ke nAmase prasiddha the| yadyapi unakA jIvana utanA kaThina aura tyAgamaya nahIM hotA thA, jitanA ki muniyoMkA hotA :- . - . -nakA. bhAga 2 naM. 161-258- / --- 2-Ride, Intro. to E. C. II. P. XXXVII,

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gaGga rAjavaMza / [119 thA, parantu unake bhAdarza aura siddhAMta vahI the-unameM koI antara na thA, antara yadi thA to kevala vyavahArakI mAtrAkA / isIliye zrAvaka ke liye jo vrata haiM vaha aNuvrata kahalAte haiM / gaMgarAjyake zrAvaka unakA pAlana karate the| zilAlekhoMse pragaTa hai ki usa samaya 'pratimAoM kA pracalana vizeSa thaa| pratyeka zrAvaka pratimAdhArI hotA thA aura aMsameM sallekhanA vrata karatA thaa| sallekhanA vAkA pAlana to usasamaya muni mAryikA zrAvaka-zrAvikA saba hIne kiyA thaa| gaGga-rAjyake antargata janasAdhAraNameM zikSAkA pracAra bhI saMtoSajanaka thA; yadyapi zikSAkA koI eka shikssaa| niyamita krama nahIM thA; parantu zikSAkI praNAlI kaThina niyaMtraNa aura manuzIkanapara bhavalaMbita thii| loga ihaloka aura paralokako saphala banAne ke liye jJAnopArjana karanA bhAvazyaka samajhate the| bahuta se loga apanI jJAnapipAsAko tRpta karane ke liye zikSA grahaNa karate the| sAdhAraNataH pratyeka grAmameM eka gRhastha upAdhyAya rahatA thA, jisake gha meM rahakara vidyArthIgaNa zikSA lete the| prAraMbhika zikSA ina upAdhyAyoM dvArA pradAna kIjAtI thii| uccazikSAke liye kendrIya sthAnoM meM vidyApITha' 'maTha' 'agrahAra' aura 'paTika' nAmaka ucca zikSAlaya the / ina zikSAlayoMme uccakoTikI dhArmika, dArzanika aura laukika zikSA pradAna kI jAtI thii| isake atirikta dezameM vidvatsammelana bhI humA karate the, jinaka dvArA sAMskRtika jJAnakI vRddhi humA karatI . . 3-jaizisaM0 dekho / . .. 7. -.

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120 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / NORANNERNINNARENNNNN... NIRAINRINAKSSINESIAMINONNNNN....NAN.... thii| zikSAkA uddezya vidyArthIko eka dharmAtmA aura sevAbhAvakA dhArI nAgarika banAnA thaa| usameM zArIrika aura bauddhika vikAsake sAtha2 Atmonnata kA bhI dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA / sAAMzataH gaGgarAjyameM zikSAko sarvogI banAne kA dhyAna rakhA gayA thA / nIti mArgake jyeSThaputra narasiMhadeva ke viSaya meM kahA gayA ki vaha rAjanIti, hamnavidyA, dhanurvidyA, vyAkaraNa, zAstra, mAyurveda, bhAratazAstra, kAvya, itihAsa, nRtyakalA, sAMgIta aura vAditrakalAmeM nipuNa the| saMgIta aura nRtya kalAyeM prAyaH pratyeka vidyArthI sIkhatA thA / rAja. kumAriyAM bhI ina kalAoMmeM dakSa humA karatI thIM aura rAjadarabAroM meM unakA pradarzana karane meM ve lajjAkA anubhava nahIM karatI thIM / zilAvidyAkI zikSA santAna kramase kula meM calI bhAtI thI / zilpiyoMkI 'vIrapaJcala' saMsthA khuba hI saMgaThita aura samunnata thIM, jinameM sunAra (akkasaliga), sikke DhAlanevAle ( kammada acArIgala) luhAra (kammara ), bar3haI aura maimAra ( rAja) sammilita the| takSaNa aura sthApatyakalAkI unnati paJcala logoM dvAga khuba huI thii| yaha paJcaka loga mAneko vizvakarmA brAhmaNa kahate the aura inake nAmake sAtha 'acArI' pada prayukta hotA thA / gaGgoMke kinhIM zAsana lekhoMmeM inheM 'mojA' va 'ojjhA' aura 'zrImat' bhI likhA hai| prasiddha gommaTa mUrtike eka zirasIkA nAma vidigojA thA aura rAjamalla prathama (828 I.) ke samaya madhurobajhA prasiddha zilpAcArya the| samA. jo ina zilpiyoMkA sambAna vissyo| 1-gaMga* pRSTha 267-260 /

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gnggaajvNsh| / 121 dhAna maprahAroM, ghaTikoM aura maThoMmeM ucca koTikI laukika maura dhArmika zikSA pradAna kI jAtI thii| agra. agrhaar| hAra ghaTika saMsthAyeM prAyaH brAhmaNa AcAryo dvAga calita hotI thIM aura inakA antaraprAntIya sambaMdha thaa| kAMcIpurakI ghaTikA samantabhadra, jAda mAdi jainAcAryone jAkA brAhmaNa vidvAnoMse bAda kiye the| ina vAdoMmeM vijayI honevAlekI khUba hI prasiddhi hotI thii| yahI kAraNa thA ki dArzanika aura tAtvika siddhAntoMkA sUkSma adhyayana tIkSNa buddhidhArI chAtragaNa vizeSa rItise kiyA karate the| zrI akalaGkasvAmIkI kathAse spaSTa hai ki unhoMne prANoMko saMkaTa meM DAlakara ucca koTikI zikSA prApta kI thii| isase spaSTa hai ki yadyapi eka bauddhamaThameM saMsthAyeM sAmpradAyika thI; parantu inameM zikSA sArvadezika rUpameM dI jAtI thii| ucca zikSAke liye gaMgavAr3Ike jainiyoMmeM bhI apane maTha aura caityAlaya the, jinake dvArA jainoMmeM dharmajJAnakA jaina maTha / pracAra bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| IsvI sAtavIM zatAbdimeM pATalikA (dakSiNa arkATa jilA) kA jainamaTha ullekhanIya samunnatarUpameM thaa| isake atirikta perUra, maNNe aura talasADa mAdi sthAnoMke caityAlaya bhI ullekha yogya hai| ica saMsthAnoM dvArA jabatAke mantavyoMko pariSkRta kiye jAneke sAtha hI usameM zikSA aura sAkSaratAkA pracAra kiyA jAtA thaa| baina saMghakA uddezya vaiyaktika cAritrako awa mAnAtha osa uddazya

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| pUrti ke liye mukhyataH anuzIlana, dAna aura maparigraha bhAvako pradhA. .tA denA mAvazyaka samajhA jAtA thaa| ina saMsthAoMmeM upAdhyAya mahArAja aisI hI mArmika zikSA pradAna karate the jo manuSyako eka mAdarza jainI banAtI thii| ina zikSAlayoMmeM maukhika rUpameM zikSA dI jAtI thii| zikSAkA mAdhyama pracalita lokabhASA-tAmika athavA kanar3I thaa| guru upadeza ke sthAna para apane udAharaNa dvArA zikSAke uddezyako vyavahArika saphalatA dilAneke liye jora dete the| gurukA nirmala aura vizAla udAharaNa nissandeha chAtra para sthAyI prabhAva DAlatA thA ! ipaliye ina maThoMse chAtragaNa na kevala zikSita hokara hI nikalate the balki unheM deza, jAti aura dharmake prati apane kartavya kA bhI bhAna ho jAtA thaa| gaGga rAjya kAla meM saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM ke sAhitya vizeSa unnatiko prApta huye the| mazokake sAhitya zAsana lekhoM aura sAtavAhana evaM kadamba rAjAoMke sikopara aMkita lekhoMse pragaTa hai ki usa samaya prAkRta bhASA kA bahu pracAra thaa| mahAvallIkA zilAlekha evaM zivaskandavarmanA dAnapatra bhI isI matakA samarthana karate haiM / pahalI zatAbdise gyArahavI zatAbdi taka jainoM aura brAhmaNoMdonoMne pAkRta bhASAko sAhitya-racanAmeM prayukta kiyA thA / parantu sAtha hI yaha spaSTa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta bhASAmeM bhI apUrva sAhitya sirajA thaa| samantabhadrAcArya, pUjyapAdasvAmI pramRti bAcA -gaMga0, pR0 260-266 / .. ... . -

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gngg-raajvNsh| [123 yokI saMskRta-racanAyeM amUlya thIM / 7vI-8vIM zatAbdiyoMmeM jaba jainI eka bar3I saMkhyAmeM Akara gaMgavAr3ImeM basa gaye, taba vahAM saMskRta jaina sAhityakI pavitra jAhI hI vaha nikalI / aSTazatI, mAptamImAMsA, padmapurANa, uttarapuSaNa, kalyANakAraka mAdi graMtha isI samayakI racanAyeM haiN| sArAMzata: gaMga rajyameM jainiyoM dvArA sAhitya kI vizeSa unnati huI thii| gaMgavAr3ImeM kanar3I bhASAkA pracAra adhika thaa| isa bhASAkA sAhitya bhI tAmika-sAhitya itanA prAcIna kanaDI sAhitya / thaa| 9 vIM-10 vIM zatAbdi ke sAhityaka ullekhoM evaM zrI puruSa mAdi rAjAbhoMke zilAlekhoMse saSTa hai ki 'pUrvada ilekannaDa' arthAt prAcIna kannar3a bhASA, jo mulataH banavAsIkI bhASA thI, usakA pracAra kannar3a sAhityaka kaviyoMke mastitvase pahalekA thaa| kintu sAtavIM mAThavIM zatAbdimeM bhAkara usakA sthAna 'hale-kannaDa' arthAt nUtana-kannar3I-bhASAne le liyA aura 19 vIM zatAbdi taka usakA pracalana khUba rhaa| pampa kavine kanar3I bhASAke prasiddha kavi rUpameM samantabhadra kaviparameSThI aura pUjyapAda prabhRti kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha kanar3Ike prAcIna kavi the| samastamadrasvAmIne ' bhASAmaMjarI '_' ciMtAmaNiTippaNI' mAdi grantha race the| zrI varddhadeva athavA tumbularAcAryane prasiddha graMtha 'cUDAmaNi' kI racanA kI thii| bhaTTAkalakane apane 'karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana' meM isa graMyakI khuba prazaMsA likhii| ... 1-gaMga0, pR. 270-22 / /

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124] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aura ise kanar3Ike sarvazreSTha graMthoMmeM eka banalAyA hai| inhIM AcAryake race hue anya graMtha 'zabdAgama'-' yuktyAgama '-'paramAgama'* chandazAstra'-' nATaka ' mAdi viSayopara bhI the / pUrva-kaviyoMmeM vizeSa ullekhanIya zrIvijaya, kavizvara, paNDana, caMdra' lokapAla Adi the / 9 vIM aura 10 vIM zatAbdiyoM ke madhyavartI-kAlameM gaMgavAr3I hI kanar3I sAhityakI lIla bhUmi horahA thaa| usa samaya kimvolala. kopa, puligere aura momakuNDa bhI kanar3I sAhityake keMdra the| nAgavameM, pampa, ponna, masaga, cAkuMDaya. ranna, prabhRti mahAkavi 'ubhaya-bhASA-kavi-cakravartI the| arthAt unhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta aura kanar3I donoM prakArakI bhASAoM meM zreSTha racanAyeM racI thiiN| isa kAlake sarva prAcIna kavi 'harivaMza" bhAdi granthoMke racayitA guNavarma the, jo gaMga rAjA aireyapa (886-913 I0) ka samakAlIna the| ponna bhaura kesirAjane asaga kavikA ullekha kiyA hai; jo saMbhavataH vimAnasva mo-kAvya' ke racayitA the| kiMtu isa samayake kavi-samudAyameM sarva pramukha kavi pama the| jinheM 'kavitA guNArNava'-'guruhampa'- pUrNakavi'-'sujanottama'-haMsarAja' kahA gayA hai| mahAkavi pampakA janma san 902 meM veGgike eka prasiddha brAhmaNa vaMzameM humA thaa| beni pradezake mahAkavi pmp| vikramapura nAmaka agrahArake nivAsI mabhirAma devarAya nAmaka mahAnubhAva unake pitA the| bana dhamakI zikSAse prabhAvita hokara unhoMne zrAvakake vrata praNa kiye

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gngg-raajvNsh| [125 the| mahAkavi pampa inhIMke putra the aura vaha janmase hI eka zraddhAlu jainI the| unake saMrakSaka bharikezarI nAmaka eka cAlukya-nRpa the, jo jola nAmaka pradezapara zAsana karate the| kavi pampa bharikezarIke rAjadarabArameM na kevala rAjakavi' hI the, balki maMtrI athavA senApati bhI the| unakI rAjadhAnI puligere (lakSmezvara ) meM rahakara unhoMne grantha racanA kI thii| so bhI mahAkavine sAhityaka racanAyeM yazakI mAkAMkSA athavA kisI prakArake anya lobhase prerita hokara nahIM kI thii| unhoMne lokakalyANakI bhAvanAse prerita hokara hI bhamUlya graMtha-ratna sije the| unakI pratibhA apUrva thii| * Adi. purANa' ke samAna mahAn kAvyako unhoMne tIna mahIne jaise malla samayameM raca diyA thA aura 'vikramArjunavijaya' arthAt 'pamma bhArata'ko racane meM unheM kevala chai mahIne hI lage the| inake atirikta unhoMne 'laghupurANa'-'pArzvanAthapugaNa' aura 'paramArga' nAmaka graMthoMkI bhI racanA kI thii| pUrvokta do graMthoM ke racanese hI unakA yaza digantavyApI ho gayA thaa| marikesarIne kavikI ina racanAoMse prasanna hokara eka grAma bheMTa kiyA thaa| isa samaya arthAt dazavIM zatAbdike jo tIna kavi kannar3a sAhityake 'tIna-ratna' kahe jAte haiM, unameM mahAkavi ponn| mahAkavi pampake bhatirikta mahAkavi pona aura rana (ratna) kI bhI gaNanA hai| kavi pola mahAkavi pampake samakAlIna the| pampake pitAkI taraha vaha bhI 1-ga. pR0 200 li. pR...|

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126.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vejI deza hI nivAsI the / uparAMta jaina dharma grahaNa karane para vaha karNATaka dezameM Arahe ! unhoMne saMskRta aura kanar3I donoM bhASAoM meM sAhitya-racanA kI thI / sAhitya meM vaha 'honna' - ponniga' - zAMtivarma ' savana Adi nAmoM se ullikhita hue haiN| ponakI ullekhanIya racanA 'zAMtipurANa' thA, jise unhoMne svayaM 'pUrNa-cUr3AmaNi' ntha kahakara pukArA hai / kannar3a aura saMskRta sAhitya evaM 'bhakkaradarAjya' ( akSara rAjya) meM pona sarvazreSTha kavi the; isIliye rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNase unheM 'ubhaya - kavi - cakravartI' kI upAdhi prApta huI thI / jinAkSaramAle ' nAmaka grantha bhI kavi penakI racanA hai| unakI anya racanAyeM anupatra haiN| ' mahAkavi ratna / tIna 'ratnoM' meM antima mahAkavi ratna the, jinheM 'kaviratna ' 'abhinavakavi cakravartI' ityAdi upanAmoMse graMthoMmeM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kannar3a kaviyoMmeM ratna sarvazreSTha kavi gine jAte haiM / unhoMne apane janma se vaizya jAtike valera kulako samalaMkRta kiyA thA / unake pitRgaNa cUr3I becanekA rojagAra kiyA karate the, para becAroMkI Arthika sthiti saMtoSajanaka nahIM thI / unake pitAkA nAma jinavallama athavA janavallabhendra thA aura unakI mAtA acalavve nAmaka thiiN| seTha jinavallama jisasamaya apane nivAsa sthAna mudabalala (muchoka) meM the, jo beligere 500 pradeza ke antargata nambhukhaNDI 70 pratikA eka grAma thA, usasamaya san 940 I0 meM kavi rannakA 17 1-gaMga pR0 278 va kaTi0 pR0 31 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat - www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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gngg-raajvNsh| [127 janma huA thaa| janmase hI vaha devI pratimAko prakaTa karate the| gaMga-senApati ca vuDagayakA nAma sunakara yuvaka rana unakI zaraNameM pahuMce aura unake AzrayameM rahakara vaha saMskRta-prAkRta aura kannar3a bhASAoM ke prakANDa paNDita hogaye / saMskRta ke 'jainendra' vyAkaraNa aura kanar3I 'zabdAnuzAsana meM vaha niSNAta the| sAtha hI kanar3I meM kavitA karanekI devI zaktikA bhI unameM adbhuta pradarzana humA thaa| unhoMne sabase pahile apanI kavitva zaktikA camatkAra jinendra bhagavAnakA caritra racanmeM pragaTa kiyaa| unhoMne sarva prathama 'bhajitapurANa' nAmaka graMtha rcaa| zrI ajitasenAcArya unake gurU the / jaina siddhAMtakA marma kavine unake nikaTase hI prApta kiyA thaa| uparAMta unhoMne apanA dUsarA prasiddha grantha gadAyuddha' nAmaka racA, jisameM unhoMne bhImake pauruSakA vaskhAna duryodhanase jUjhate hue khUba hI kiyaa| isa graMthako unhoMne apane AzrayadAtA mAhavamalla nAmaka rAjAko vakSyakarake likhA hai| samraTa taila dvitIya evaM anya sAmaMta aura mAMDalika rAjAoMse kavi rannane sammAna prApta kiyA thA / tailapa unakI racanAoMse prasanna huye the aura unhoMne kaviko 'kavi cakravartI' kI upAdhise vibhUSita karane ke sAtha hI eka gAMva, eka hAthI, eka pAlakI aura caurI Adi vastuyeM bheMTa kI thiiN| kavi ponake AzrayadAtA katipaya senApatikI putrI atimaveke bhAgrahase kavi rannane, mapanA majitapurANa' likhA thA aura usameM isa dharmAtmA mahilAkI prazaMsA likhale huve unheM 'dAnaciMtAmaNi' batAyA hai|

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128 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | unake sAtha isa granthameM buTuga, mArasiMha cantraketana vaMzake zaMkaragaMDa Adi rAjAoMkA bhI ullekha huA hai / " mahAkavi rannake AzrayadAtA gaMga-senApati cAvuMDarAya bhI svayaM eka kavi the. aura unhoMne 'cAvuMDarAya anya kavigaNa | purANa' kI racanA kI thI, yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai| kavi rannake sahapAThI zrI nemicandra kavi the, jinhoMne 'kavirAja - kuMjara' aura 'lIlAvatI' nAmaka graMtha race the / ' lIlAvatI' zRGgArasakA eka sundara kAvya hai / yaha I mahAnubhAva taila- nRpake guru the / san 984 ke lagabhaga kavi nAgavarmane 'chandombudhi' graMthakI racanA kI thI; jo bAja bhI kannaDa chandazAstrapara eka prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai / kavine yaha grantha apanI patnIko lakSya karake likhA hai / inhoMne saMskRta bhASAke kavi bANa kRta kAdambarI' kA anuvAda bhI kanar3I bhASAmeM kiyA thA / nAgavarmake pUrvaja bhI beGgI deza ke nivAsI the| kiMtu svayaM unake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha sayyadi nAmaka grAmameM rahate the, jo kisukADu nADameM avasthita the / unhoMne svayaM likhA hai ki vaha nRpa rakkama gaMgake AdhIna sAhityaracanA karate the / cAvuMDarAyane unako bhI Azraya diyA thA / ajitasenAcArya unake guru the / isa prakAra ina zreSTha kaviyoM dvArA tatkAlIna kannar3a sAhitya khUba samujhata mA thA / 1 1-0, pRSTha 208-279 va anekAMta bhAga 1 pR0 44. 20 pR0 33 va ga0 pR0 279

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gaGga raajvNsh| [129 gaMgavAr3ImeM sAdhAraNa janatAkA AcAra-vicAra aura rahana sahana prazaMsanIya thaa| 'kavirAjamArga' nAmaka graMthake janatAkA AcAra dekhanese evaM mahAkavi pampane jo yaha likhA vicaar| hai ki unakI racanAoM ko sabahI prakArake manuSya par3hA karate the, yaha spaSTa hai ki gaMga. vAr3Ike nivAsI strI-puruSa vidyA aura jJAna ke premI evaM unakA bhAdara satkAra karanevAle the| jainAcAryoM ne unheM ThIka hI 'bhavya-jana' kahA hai| ve vIra- rasapUrNa kAvyoMko kaNThastha karate the| kathAoM aura pugaNoMse lekara suMdara aura zikSAprada avataraNoM kA svAsa avasaroMpara abhinaya kiyA karate the| samaya samayapara bhASaNa sunate aura vidvAnoMkI satsaMgatise kAma uThAte the / sAMskRtika jJAna unakA vizAla thA / vaha dezATana bhI khUba kiyA karate the, jisake kAraNa mAnava jIvana sambandhI unakA anubhava khUba bar3A-car3hA thA / yadyapi unakA gAI sthika jIvana samRddhizAlI thA; parantu phira mI ve parigrahakA parimANa karake sIvA-sAdA jIvana vitAte the| ve bar3e hI miSTa sammASI, satyAnuya yI, saMyamI, samudAra aura prema evaM lakSmIke punArI the| jainadharmakI mahiMsAmaya zikSAkA unake hRdayoMpara vizeSa prabhAva par3A huA thA, jisake kAraNa pazuoMpara loga dayA karate the| unheM devatAoM ke nAmapara yajJAdimeM bhI nahIM homate the| khAna-pAna aura mauja-zauka ke liye pazuoM ko kisI tarahakA kaSTa nahIM diyA jaataathaa| sabahI loga sAdA-sAtvika nirAmiSa bhojana kiyA karate the| katipaya nIca jAtiyoMko chor3akara zeSa bhojanameM laDDU, sIkaraNa,

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130 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / holige uNDe ityAdi miThAiyoMkA bhI ullekha milatA hai / madyAdi mAdaka vastuoMko ve chUte bhI nahIM the- kevala pAna-supArI khAnekA rivAja thA / dhanIvarga isaprakArakI AnaMdare liyAM aura manovinoda kiyA karate the ki jisameM kisI prakArakI hiMsA na ho| Ane vastrAbhUSaNoMmeM bhI ve loga sAdagIkA dhyAna rakhate the| striyAM lambI aura bar3I sADiyAM tathA raGga-biraMgI coliyAM pahanA karatI thiiN| nRtakiyAM mavazya paijAmA pahanatIM thIM, jisase ki unheM nAcane meM muvidhA rahatI thii| sabahI striyAM prAyaH maNimuktAjaDita karadhanI. hAra, bAliyAM, galebanda Adi mAbhUSaNa pahanatIM thiiN| ve zarIrapara jApharAnakA lepa bhI sugaMdhike liye karatI thiiN| zike bAloMmeM ve phUloMkI mAkA aura guladaste bhI lagAtI thiiN|' jainadharmakI zikSAkA bAhulya janatAmeM zIla aura vinaya guNoM ko bar3hAne meM kAryakArI hI huA thA / yahI kAraNa mhilaayeN| hai ki gaNavAr3IkI tatkAlIna striyAM bhAdarza ramaNiyAM thiiN| unameM zikSAkA kAphI pracAra thaa| ve gaNita, vyAkaraNa, chaMdazAstra aura lalita kalAoMko sIkhatI thiiN| zilAlekhoMse pragaTa hai ki rAjakumAriyAM parama viduSI aura kavinanoMkI mAzrayadAtrI humA karatI thIM / unameM saMgIta, nRtya aura vAdinalAoM kA pracAra pracura mAtrAme thaa| ve bhAlekhya aura citra. kalAoM meM bhI nipuNa humA karatI thIM / nissandeha rAjakumAriyoM ke kiye ina kalAoMmeM dakSa honA mAvazyaka samajhA jAtA thaa| nRtya. 1-gaMga0 pR. 28.-290 /

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gaGga-rAjavaMza / [131 kalAke sAtha saMgIta aura vAditrakalAoMkA sIkhanA AvazyakIya thaa| usa samaya 'samudraghoSa', 'kaTu-mukha vAditra', 'taMtri', 'tAla', 'nakAra', 'bije', 'jhAMjha', 'turya', 'vINA', Adi kaI prakArake vAditrakA pracalana thaa| nRtyakalA bhI 'bhAratI', 'sAtvaki', kaisike', 'bharamaTe' mAdi kaI prakArakI pracalita thii| ucca gharoMkI striyAM prAyaH ina lalita kalAoMmeM niSNAta thii| unameM ucca koTikA sAMskRtika saundarya vidyamAna thaa| jainadharmane unake hRdayakI devI komalatA aura udAratAko pUrNa vikasita kara diyA thaa| ve khuna hI dAna-puNya bhI kiyA karatI thIM aura dharma kAryoM meM bhAga letI thiiN| rAjyakI borase viduSI-mahilAoMkA sammAna -- vibhUtiTTa' pradAna karake kiyA jAtA thA / apanI dhArmikatAse prabhAvita hokara bahutasI striyAM gRha tyAgakara bhAtmakalyANake pathara mArUr3ha hokara svapara kalyANakI hotI thiiN| samAjameM unakA vizeSa sammAna thA / sallekhanA vrata dhAraNa karanevAlI bhaneka viduSI mahilAmoM kA ullekha zravaNabelagolake zilAlekhoMmeM huA hai|' usa samaya gaNavAr3Ike bhavyajanoMkA sAmAjika vyavahAra yadyapi adhikAMza rUpameM vivekako liye huye thA; sAmAjika vyavahAra / parantu phira bhI paramparAgata rUr3hiyoM ke mohase ve sarvathA mukta nahIM the| unameM bahu vivAha karanekI purAtana prathA pracalita thI-puruSa cAhatA thA utane vivAha kara letA thaa| isapara bhI vivAha eka dhArmika kriyA samajhI jAtI 1- 0, 288-290 /

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132] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / SINHATRA......AMAN......AISANKAN....NNNNNN NNN thii| dharmavivAha ke atirikta svayambara rItise bhI vivAha hote the| candralekhAne svayaMvarameM hI vikramadevako varA thA aura punnATa rAjakumArIne svayamvara samAke madhya hI bhavinItake galemeM varamAlA DAlI thii| usa samaya logoMmeM udAratAke bhAva jAgRta hogaye the-sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA naSTa hogaI thii| videzI aura mUka bhIla Adi jAtiyoM ke loga bhI zuddha karake Arya saMghameM sammilita kara liye gaye the / jainAcAryoMne bhAra, kurumba mAdi dakSiNake asabhya mUla adhivAsiyoMko jainadharmameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| ina navadIkSitoMko unakI bhAjIvikAke anusAra hI samAjameM sthAna milA thaa| kurumbajana zAsanAdhikArI huye the| isaliye ve kSatriyavarNameM pariNIta kiye gaye the| sAtha hI aneka naye matoMkA janma tathA uttara aura dakSiNakA sambandha ghaniSTa banAne kA udyoga nUtana samAja aura jAtiyoMko janma dene meM eka kAraNa thaa| phira bhI inameM parassara vivAha sambandha hote the| yahAM taka ki vaidika dharmAnuyAyI brahmaNoM ke sAtha bhI kabhI kabhI jainiyoM ke vivAha sambandha hote the| vivAha saMskArameM aneka rItiyAM varatI jAtI thIM; parantu durahA dulahanakA hAtha mikA denA mukhya thaa| purohita dUlhAke hAtha meM dulahanakA hAtha thamA kara unapara kalaza-dhArA chor3atA thaa| isIsamaya dudhahana sAta paga calatI thI aura purohita zAstroM kA pATha karatA thaa| * itanA honapara vivAha viccheda rUpameM sampanna humA samajhA jAtA thaa| dampatiko isa samaya unake riztedAra taraha-tarahakI vastuyeM aura dhana bheMTa karate the| aura khuba hI gAnA-banAnA hotA thaa| Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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gaGga-rAjavaMza | [ 113 brAhmaNoMko dAna-dakSiNA dIjAtI aura sAdharmiyoM va anya priyaja noko bhojana karAyA jAtA thA / yaha saba kucha cAra dina taka hotA rahatA thaa| cauthe dina navadampatiko vastrAbhUSaNa se susajjita karake hAthIpara baiThAkara nagara ke bIca dhUmadhAma se ghumAyA jAtA thA / isa avasarapara rozanI bhI kI jAtI thI / kintu usasamaya bahuvivAha prathA ke sAtha hI bAlyavivAha aura anivArya vaidhavya sadRza kuprathAyeM bhI pracalita thIM; jinake kAraNa usa samayakI striyoM ke jIvana AjakalakI mahilAoMke samAna hI kaSTasAdhya horahe the / kiMtu phira bhI usa samayakA gAIsthika jIvana sukhamaya thA / vidhavAyeM apane jIvanako svapara - kalyANaka mArgameM utsarga kara detI thIM / mahAn bhAcAryoM aura sAdhviyoMkI satsaMgatimeM unake jIvana saphala ho jAte the / sArAMzataH gaGgavAr3IkA sAmAjika jIvana udAra aura samRddhizAlI thA / usa samaya gaGgavAr3ImeM zilpa aura sthApatya kalAkI bhI vizeSa unnati huI thii| samUce deza meM darzanIya bhavya maMdira, divya mUrtiyAM, suMdara stambha zilpakalA / Adi mUlyamaI vizAla kIrtiyAM sthApita kI gaI thIM / brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddha tInoMne hI drAvir3a, caulukya, athavA hoyasaLa rItike maMdirAdi nirmANa karAye the / parantu gaGgabAr3hImeM jainoMkA apanA nirAlA hI AkAra-prakAra ( style ) maMdirAdi nirmANakA rahA thA / usakA sAdRzya bauddha - zilpase kiJcit avazya thA / khAsakara katipaya jaina mUrtiyAM ThIka vaise hI 1 nAma 0 10 294-295.

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134] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bharddha-padmAsana mudrAmeM milatI thIM, jaise ki bauddha mUrtiyAM hotI thiiN| kintu padmAsana aura kAyotsarga mudrAkI jaina mUrtiyAM bilkula nirAlI thIM aura unakA namarUpa apanA anUThApana rakhatA jainiyoMke apane stura mauryasamrATa azoka evaM usase bhI pahalese the| unake nikaTa stUpa dhArmika cinha mAtra nahIM the, balki vaha siddhaparameSThI bhagavAna ke pratIka rUpa pUjya vastu the| tIrthaGkarakI samavazaraNa racanAmeM unakA khAsa sthAna thA aura unapara siddhabhagavAnakI pratimAyeM banI hotI thiiN| isIliye stura jainiyoMkI pUjAkI vastu rahe haiM / stUpoMke atirikta jainiyoke apane maMdira bhI the| yaha maMdira pahale pahale maisUra meM 'nagara' athavA 'mArti ' praNAlIke banAye gaye the / inakA bhAkAra caukona hotA thA aura UAra zikhira banI hotI thii| 6ThI-7vIM zatAbdiyoM meM isI DhaGgake maMdira banAye gaye the| uparAMta 'besara' praNAlIke maMdira banAye gaye the| yaha maMdira samakoNa bhAyatAkAra (rectangular) hote the aura inakI zikhira sIr3I darasIr3I kama hotI jAtI thI, jisake aMtameM eka bharddhagolAkAra gumbaja banA hotA thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdike prArambhameM aise DhaMgake maMdira bAdAmI, aihole, mAmallapuram, kAMcI mAdi sthAnoM para banAye gaye the| kahA jAtA hai ki jainiyoMkI 'samavazaraNa' racanA praNAlI hI 'besara' praNAlIkA mUlAdhAra hai / ' samavazaraNa ' gola banAyA jAtA thA, jisameM tIna raMgabhUmiyAM (Battlements) hotI thIM, jinameM dvArapAloM, bAraha samAoMke atirikta bIcameM dharmacakra, bhazokavRkSa maura jinendra mUrtiyoM sahita siMhAsana hotA thaa|

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gaGga- rAjavaMza / [ 125 I isake atirikta jainiyoMne 'caturmukha' athavA 'caumukhA ' maMdira bhI banAye the, jo eka taraha ke maNDapa jaise hI the / unameM bIca meM eka bar3A kamarA (Hall) hotA thA jisameM cAroM ora bar3era daravAje va bAhara braaNdd| tathA usArA (Portico) hote the / chata sarATa pASANase pATa dI jAtI thI, aura vaha bar3e2 staMbhoM para TikI rahatI thI / yaha stambha takSaNa kalA ke adabhuta namUne hote the jainiyoM ke kucha maMdira tIna koThariyoM (Threecelled temples) vAle bhI the / jinameM tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyAM yakSa, yakSiNI sahita birAjamAna hota thIM / caulukya, kAdamba aura hoyasala rAjAoMne isa hI taraha ke maMdira banAye the kyoMki Akhira vaha jenI hI the / barjesa aura phargusana sA0kA kahanA hai ki 7vIM vIM zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNa bhAratameM jo sthApatyakalAkA jaina AkAra prakAra pracalita thA, vaha uttara meM iko taka pahuMcA thA aura sAthameM drAvir3a - cinhoM ko bhI legayA thA / zilAlekhoM se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki gaMgavAr3I aura banavAsImeM eka samaya lakar3I ke bane hue jinAlaya aura caityAlaya pracalita the| gGga-vaMzake J jaina maMdira saMsthApaka mAdhavane maMDali nAmaka parvatapara eka jinAlaya lakar3IkA banavAyA thaa| jisakI rakSA unake uttarAdhikAriyoMne vizeSa rUpameM kI thI / avinIta aura durvinItakI prazaMsA zilAlekhoM meM kI gaI hai ki ve jinAlayoM aura caityAlayoM ke saMrakSaka the | mArasiMha ke senApati zrI vijayane gaGga rAjadhAnI mannemeM 1- gaMga0 pR0 222-226 /

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236] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / KAMAN A NEEKSNRAININ ................... .........................." eka vizAla aura bhavya jinAlaya nirmApita karAyA thA / zrIpuruSane guDalarameM zrI kaMdacchI dvArA nirmApita jinAlayako dAna diyA thaa| ina jinAlayoMkI apanI vizeSatAyeM isa prakAra thiiN| inake garbhagRhameM prakAza bIca ke bar3e kamaroM meM se mAtA thaa| tIrthaGkagekI pratimAyeM prAyaH sadA hI caukona koThariyoMmeM vigajamAna kI jAtI thIM / vedikAke dvAra para bhI jinamUrti hotI thI; parantu jinAlayake bAharI dvara ( Outer door ) para gajalakSmIkI hI mUrti hotI thii| maMdirakI dIvAloM aura chatora sundara takSaNa ( nakAzI) kA kAma khudA hotA thaa| unameM mukhyataH jinendrakI jIvana ghaTanAyeM utkIrNa kI jAtI thiiN| bar3e maMdiroMkA bAharI parakoTA bhI hotA thA, jisameM choTI- choTI koThariyAM jinamUrtiyAM virAjamAna karaneke lie banI hotI thiiN| koI koI maMdira domaMjila bhI hote the| varaMDA ( Verandah) jaina maMdiroMkI apanI khAsa cIja thii| jaina maMdiroMke dvAra cAroM dizAoMko mukha kiye huye banAye jAte the / hinduoM ke samAna jainI dakSiNakI ora maMdirakA dvAra rakhanA burA nahIM mAnate the / pallavoMke prAdhAnyakAla meM jainoMke lakar3I ke bane huye maMdira pASANake banA diye gaye the / ' kintu gaMga rAjAoMne uparAMta jo maMdira banavAye vaha drAvir3a praNAlIke AdhArase banayAye / inameM bhI jaina uparAMta bane hue mandiroMke pramAvakA prAbalya thA; kyoMki mndir| gaGga rAjAoMkA rAjadharma jainamata thaa| vidvA. nokA kahanA hai ki jainamandira saundaryake 1-gaMga0, pR. 227-234 /

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zrI zravaNabelagolA-sthita-zrI caMdragiri parvata /

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STA G0000000 New zrI zravaNabelagolA - sthita - zrI indragiriparvata / 100011 938

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gngg-raajvNsh| C sAtha 2 upAsanA-tatvake pratimUrti hote the-mAvukahRdaya jainI apanI prArthanAko usa pASANameM mUrtimAna banA dete the| sAtavIM se dazavI zatAbdiyoMke madhyavartI kAra meM jainAcAryone apane dharmakA prazaMsanIya pracAra kiyA thA aura usasamaya prAya: saba hI pramukha jaina sthAnoM jaisejavagala, kuttUra, malgodu. GkanAthapura, cikkAnasoge, hegaDadevanakoTe vittA, humca, aura zravaNabelagolameM sthApatyakalAke zAdarza namUne jainiyoMne banavAye the| hanagalakI 'candranAthavastI' kuttAkI 'zAMtinAthavastI'; hanasogekI 'mAdinAyabastI'; kittAkI pArzvanAtha vastI'; vikramAditya sAMtAra dvArA san 89.8 meM nirmita bAhubalikI 'guddadavastI'; ikkasagaGgakI dharmaputrI pallavarAnI cattaladevI dvArA nirmApita 6JcalabastI' aura bhaGgADikA 'makara minAlaya' saba hI isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki ve drAvir3a praNAlIke mAghArapara banAye gaye the| maMdiroMke atirikta gaMga rAjAoMne maNDapa, staMbha, vizAlakAya mUrtiyAM mAdi nirmApita karAkara apane samaya ke jain-stmbh| zillako mUlyamaI banAyA thaa| hiMduoMke maNDapameM cAra stambha huA karate the. parantu gaMgoMke banavAye huye jaina maNDapomeM pAMca stambha hote the| cAroM konoM para eka eka stambha hone ke atirikta maNDapake bIcameM bhI jainiyoMne eka stambha rakkhA thA aura isa bIcavA le stammakI yaha vizeSatA thI ki vaha Upara chatameM isa hoziyArIse paccI kiyA jAtA thA ki usakI talIse eka rUmAla bhArapAra nikala sakatA thaa| phargyusana 1-pUrva pR. 235-236 /

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138] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mA0 ne ina staMbhoMkI khUba prazaMsA likhI hai| ina maNDAke staMbhoMke atirikta malA bhI staMbha banAye gaye the| vaha staMbha do prakArake the (1) mAnastaMbha, (2) brahmadevastambha / mAnastaMbhoMmeM kAra coTI para eka choTIsI vedikA hotI thI jisameM catumukhI jina pratimA birAjamAna rahatI thii| aisA eka staMbha pArzvanAthavastI' ke sanmukha zravaNabelagolameM hai| brahmadeva stambhoM meM coTI para brahmakI mUrti sthApita hotI thii| jase ki gaMga rAjA mArasiMhake sammAnameM san 974 I0kA banA humA 'kuge brahmadeva staMbha' hai / aura san 983 I0 meM cAmuNDarAya dvArA nirmApita 'tyAgadabrahmadeva stama' hai / yaha stambha eka samUce pASANakA banA huA hai| aura isake nIcale bhAgameM nakAzIkA manohara kAma horahA hai / isIpara eka ora cAmuNDarAya aura unake guru zrI nemicaMdrAcAryakI mUrtiyAM aMkita haiN| jo bela isapara ukerI huI hai usakA sAdRzya azoke prayAgavAle staMbha para aMkita belase hai|' gaGga-zilpakI eka anUThI vastu unake banavAye huye 'vIrakala' the| yaha zilApaTa atyanta cAturyase vIroMkI viirkl| smRtimeM aMkita kiye jAte the| inapara bahudhA saMgrAmake dRzya umere huye hote the maura lekha meM kisI vIrake zaurya kA bakhAna hotA thaa| kyAthanahalli aura tayalarake vIrakaloMgara bar3e 2 dAtoMvAle suMdara hAthI aGkita haiM, jinake galoMmeM mAkAyeM jhulatI huI darzAI haiM / atukurameM samrATa 1-gaMga0, pRSTha 237-239 /

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gaGga raajvNsh| [139 bett| buTugake samayakA eka vIrakala milA hai, jisameM samAke AkheTakA dRzya maGkita hai / isameM zikArI kutte aura jaMgalI sUbharakI lar3AIkA dRzya bilkula prAkRtika aura sajIva hai| dedRhuMDIke pApANapara aMkita nItimArgake samAdhimaraNakA dRzya bhI bhAvukatA aura sanIvatAkA namUnA hai / begU ke vIrakala meM do vIroM ke saMgrAmakA citraNa khuba hI huA hai / ina vIrakaloMse usa samayake yoddhAoMke astra-vastra aura yuddha saMcAlana kriyAkA bhI patA calatA hai|' vIrakaloM ke sAtha gaGgoMne choTI-choTI pahAr3iyoMkI zakala meM 'beTTa' nAmaka imArateM banAI thiiN| yaha 'beTTa' khule huye sahana hote the, jinake cAroM ora para. koTA hotA thA aura madhyameM zrI gommaTasvA. mIkI vizAlakAya mUrti hotI thii| jaina kalAkAroM ke liye nissandeha gommaTasvAmIkI mUrti bhAkarSaNakI eka vastu rahI hai| 'beTTa' ke parakoTemeM prAyaH choTI-choTI koThariyAM banIM hotI thIM, jinameM tIrthakara bhagavAnakI pratimAeM virAjamAna kI jAtI thiiN| ina 'beTToM' ke madhya meM virAjita gommaTa mUrtiyAM bhI gaGga zilpakI madvitIya vastu haiM / zravaNabelagolake viMdhyagiri zrI gommtt-muurti| parvatapara vIramArtaNDa cAvaMDagayane san 983 I0ke lagabhaga eka akhaNDa pASANakI vizA. lakAya mUrti nirmANa karAI thii| yaha mUrti saMsArakI dbhuta mA. ryajanaka vastuoMmeMse eka hai aura deza-videzake anekAneka yAtrI 1-pUrva0, 239-241 / 2- 0 pR. 241 va 242 /

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KARN.N E ......... ......" ANAN......... .......... ........ 14.] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / isake darzana karanake liye prativarSa zravaNabelagola pahuMcate haiN| yaha nama, uttaramukha, khaGgAsana mUrti mapanI divyatAse vahAM ke samasta bhUbhAgako bhalaMkRta aura pavitra karatI hai-kosoM dUrase usakI chavi mana mohatI hai / nissandeha vaha zilAkI eka anupama kRti hai / usake sirake bAla dhuMdharAle, kAna bar3e aura lambe, vakSasthala caur3A, vizAla bAhu nIceko laTakate hue aura kaTi kiMcit kSINa hai| mukhapara apUrva kAMti aura agAdha zAMti hai / ghuTanoMse kucha UparatA bamIThe dikhAye gaye haiM, jinase sarpa nikala rahe haiN| donoM pairoM aura bAhuoMse mAdhavIkatA lieTa rahI hai, tisapara bhI mukhAra aTala dhyAnamudrA virAjamAna hai| mUrti kyA hai mAno tapasyAkA avatAra hI hai| dRzya bar3A hI bhavya aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai / siMhAsana eka praphulla hamalake AkArakA banAyA gayA hai / isa kamalapara bAyeM caraNake nIce tIna phuTa cAra iMcakA mApa khudA huA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isako maThArahase guNita karane para mUrtikI UMcAI nikalatI hai| jo ho, para mUrtikArane kisI prakArake mApake liye hI ise khodA hogaa| niHsaMdeha mUrtikArane apane isa bhapUrva prayAsa meM anupama saphalatA prApta kI hai| eziyA khaNDa hI nahIM samasta bhUtalakA vicaraNa kara bhAiye, gomaTezvarakI tulanA karanevAlI mUrti Apako kvacit hI dRSTigocara hogii| bar3e bar3e pazcimIya vidvAnoMke mastiSka isa mUrtikI kArIgarIpara cakkara khAgaye haiM / itane mArI aura pravala pASANa para siddhahasta kArIgarane jisa kauzalase apanI chainI calAI hai usase bhAratake mUrtikAroMkA mastaka sadaiva garvase cA uThA rhegaa|

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gngg-raajvNsh| [141 ___ yaha saMbhava nahIM jAna par3atA ki 67 phITa kI mUrti khoda nikAlaneke yogya pASANa kahIM bhanyatrase lAkara usa UMcI pahAr3Ipara pratiSThita kiyA jAsakA hogA / isase yahI ThIka anumAna hotA hai ki usI sthAnapara kisI prakRti pradatta staMbhAkAra caTTAnako kATakara isa mUrti kA AviSkAra kiyA gayA hai / kamase kama eka hajAra varSase yaha pratimA sUrya, megha, vAyu mAdi prakRtidevIkI amogha zaktiyoMse bAteM kara rahI hai, para abataka usameM kisI prakArakI thor3I bhI kSati nahIM huI ! mAno mUrtikArane use mAja hI udghATita kI ho / isa mUrtikI donoM bAjuopara yakSa aura yakSiNIkI mUrtiyAM haiM, jinake eka hAthameM caurI aura dUsaremeM koI phala hai / mUrtike bAyIM ora eka goka pASANakA pAtra hai, jisakA nAma ' lalita sarovara' khudA huA hai / mUrtika abhiSekakA jala isI meM ekatra hotA hai| isa pASANa pAtrake bhara jAnepara abhiSekakA jala eka praNAlI dvArA mUrtike sammukha eka kueMmeM pahuMca jAtA hai aura vahAMse vaha maMdirakI samhadake bAhara eka kandarAmeM pahuMcA diyA jAtA hai| isa kandarAkA nAma ' gullakAyajji vAgilu' hai| mUrtika sammukhakA maNDapa nava sundara skhacita chatoMse sanA humA hai| mATha chatoMpara bhaSTa dikpAloMkI mUrtiyAM haiM aura bIcakI navamI chatara gommaTezake abhiSekake liye hAthameM kalaza liye huye indrakI mUrti hai| ye chata bar3I kArIgarIke bane hue haiM / madhyakI chatapara khude hue zilAlekha (naM. 351) se anumAna hotA hai ki yaha maMDapa baladeva maMtrIne Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ____www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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142 ] saMkSipta jaina itihaas|| 12 vIM zatAbdike prArambhameM kisI samaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| zilAlekha naM0 115 (267) se vidita hotA hai ki senApati bhAtamayya ne isa maNDapakA kaThagharA (happalige) nirmANa karAyA thaa| zilAlekha naM0 78 ( 182 ) meM kathana hai ki nayakIrti siddhAMta cakravartIke ziSya basaviseTTine kaThagharekI dIvAla aura cauvIsa tIrthakaroMkI pratimAyeM nirmANa karAI thIM aura usake putroMne una pratimAoke sammukha jAlIdAra khiDakiyAM bnvaaii| zilAlekha naM. 103 (228) se jJAta hotA hai ki caMgAna-nareza mahAdevake pradhAna saciva kezavanAthake putra canna bommarasa aura naMjarAyapaTTanake zrAvakoMne gomaTezvara maNDapake Uparake khaNDa (balliAr3a) kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| 'kucha varSoM ke aMtarase gomaTezvarakI isa vizAlakAya mUrtikA mastakAbhiSeka hotA hai, jo bar3I dhUmadhAma, mstkaabhissek| bahuta kriyAkANDa aura bhArI dravya-vyayake sAtha manAyA jAtA hai / ise mahAbhiSeka kahate haiM / isa mastakAbhiSekakA sabase prAcIna ullekha zaka saMvat 1320 ke lekha naM0 105 ( 254 ) meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa lekhameM kathana hai ki paNDitAryane sAta vAra gomaTezvarakA mastakAbhiSeka karAyA thaa| paMcavANa kavine san 1612 I0 meM zAMtavarNi dvArA karAye hue mastakAbhiSekakA ullekha kiyA hai, va mananta kavine san 1677 meM maisUra nareza cikadevarAja moDeyarake maMtrI vizA 1-jezisaM0, bhUmikA pRSTha 15-20 va 35-36 /

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gaGga raajvNsh| [143 lakSa paNDita dvArA karAye hue aura zAMtarAja paNDitane sana 1825 ke lagabhaga maisura nareza kRSNarAja oDeyara tRtIya dvArA karAye hue mastakAbhiSekakA ullekha kiyA hai| zilAlekha naM0 98 (223) meM san 1827 meM hone vAle mastakAbhiSeka kA ullekha hai / san 1909 meM bhI mastakAbhiSeka hubhA thA' / abhItaka sabase antima abhiSeka mArca san 1925 meM humA thaa| isa abhiSeka ke upAMna isa divya mUrtike viSaya meM hAla hImeM mAzaGkAkA avasara upasthita hubhA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mUrtipara kucha ciTTe par3a gaye haiN| una ciTToko miTAne aura mUrtikI rakSA karane ke liye maisUra-sarakAra aura dakSiNa bhAratake jainI saceSTa haiN| isI silasilemeM (san 1910 janavarI pharavarI meM ) mastakAbhiSeka karane kA nizcita hocukA hai aura isa mahotsava ke avasara para mUrtirakSAkA prabandha hogA! isaprakAra gaGga rAjyakAlameM zilpa aura kalAkI bhI vizeSa unnati huI thii| isa sA.ke matAnusAra vaha parAkASThAko prApta huI thii| (Sculpture and carving in stone attained to an elaboration perfectly marvellous).

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144] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tatkAlIna choTe raajvNsh| 1. nolmb-raajvNsh| nolamba rAjavaMzake rAjA apaneko pakkanavaMzase sambandhita pragaTa karate the| unakA rAjya nolambabAr3I battIsa sahasra nAmaka prAnta para thA, jo vartamAna cittakadurga jilAse kucha adhika thaa| bhAjakala maisUra meM jo noNava' nAmaka kisAna loga milate haiM ve prAcIna nolambabAr3I prajAkI santAna haiN| 'hemAvatI-staMbha- lekha 'se pragaTa haiM nolamba rAjA IzvaravaMzI the| unake mUla puruSa trinayana nAmaka rAjaputra the; jinase ve bhAnA sambandha kAJcIke rAjA pallava dvArA sthApita karate the| pahale nolamba rAjA maGgala nAmake the jo nolambAdhirAja kahalAte the| unakI prazaMsA karNATa-vAsiyoMne kI thii| maGgalake putra siMhapota the, jinake cAruponnA nAmaka putra hye| inake putra polalacora nolamba nAmaka the / mahendra polaka kA putra humA, jinakA putra nanniga athavA ayyapa deva thaa| ayyapadevake do putra huye, jinake nAma kramazaH (1) maNNiga athavA bIra nolamba aura (2) dilIpa athavA iriva nolamba the| inhoMne samayAnusAra nolambabAr3Ipara rAjya kiyA thaa| siMhapotake viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha gaGgavaMzI gAnA ziva. mAra saigohakI chatrachAyA meM zAsana karate the| siNhpot| jaba zikmArakA bhAI duggamAra unase vimukha hokara svAdhIna honeke liye prayatna kara rahA thA, taba unhoMne duggamArako parAsta karaneke liye nolambAna siMhapotako bhejA thaa| vaha usameM saphala huye the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| hokara svAdhAna Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ____www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / [ 145 uparAMta jisa samaya rASTrakUTa rAjAoMne gaMgarAjA zivamArako apanA bandI banA liyA thA aura gaMgavAr3I poka cora unake adhikAra meM pahuMca gaI thI to usasamaya ra Thaura rAjAne siMdapotaka putra cAruponnera aura unaka pautra polala corako nolamba lige sahasra evaM anya prAMtoMpara zAsana karanekA avasara diyA thA / kintu jaba gaMga rAjA phira svAdhIna hogaye aura rAjamalla satya vAkya prathama zAsanAdhikArI huye, to unhoMne nAlamba rAjAoMse mitratA karalI - siMhapota kI pautrI, pallavadhi gajakI putrI aura nolamba ghirAjakI laghu maganIke sAtha unhoMne apanA vivAha kiyA tathA agnI putrI jAyavve nolambA ghisana poLala. corako vyAha dI / eka zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki polala cora gaMga rAjA nItimArgake AdhIna 'gaMga chai sahasra' nAmaka prAnta para zAsana karane the / 5 pAlala corakI rAnI gaMga rAjakumArI jAyavvekI kokha me unake uttarAdhikArI mahendra mathavA vIra mahendrakA mahendra janma huA thA / mahendra bhI 'gaMga che mahatra ' prAMtapara gaMga rAjAoM Ana zAmanAdhi I kArI the / kintu san 878 ke lagabhaga vaha svataMtra hogaye the aura unhoMne gaMga rAjAoMse moracA liyA thaa| gaMga yuvarAja buTugake. putra ereya hAthase isa vIrakI jIvanalIlA samApta huI thI / mahendrakI ganI dIvaMbike eka kadamba rAjakumArI thI, aura inake putra adhmapa the / 10

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146 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | ............ 1 zilAlekhoMse spaSTa hai ki bhayyapa eka zaktizAlI zAsaka the / vaha svataMtra rUpa meM nolambavAr3I battIsa sahasrapara zAsana karate the / unakA putra bhaNNayya unake sAtha prAMtIya zAsaka rUpameM rAjya karatA thA / ayyapananniga, nanniga zraya, nolipayya aura nolambAdhirAja nAmoM se prakhyAta thA / usake pazcAt usakA jyeSTha putra aNiga athavA vIra nolamba rAjA huA thA, jo adhNayya aura aMGkayya nAma se bhI paricita thA / gaMga rAjAoMse ise yuddha karanA par3A thA, jisameM gaMga rAjA pRthivIpati dvitIyake putra ani vIragatiko prApta huye the / Akhira aNigako rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa tRtIyane san 940 I0 meM parAsta kiyA thA / ayyapa dilIpa | / uparAMta maNigakA uttarAdhikArI usakA choTA bhAI dilIpa huA, jo nolapayya nAmase bhI prakhyAt thaa| dilIpane vaidumba aura mahAbalI rAjAoMko apane AdhIna kara liyA thA / isase usake zaurya aura vikramakA patA calatA hai / inake pazcAt iriva nolambake putra nabhi nolamba rAjA huye; parantu vaha adhika samayataka rAjya nahIM kara sake, kyoMki gaGga vaMzake rAjA mArasiMhane nolambopara AkramaNa karake unheM naSTa kara diyA thaa| tIna nolamba rAjakumAra apane prANa lekara anyatra jA chipe the / unhIM kI saMtAna se uparAMtakAlame nolamba vaMzakA patA itihAsa meM calatA hai / ' 1- maiku0, 14 54-58.

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batkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza | 2. sAMtAra - rAjavaMza | isa rAjavaMza ke mUla saMsthApaka jinadattarAya nAmaka mahAnubhAva the, jo eka samaya jinadattarAya / uttara - mathurA ke umravaMzI rAjA the| jinadattarAyake pitA sahakAra nAmaka rAjapuruSa the / sahakArane eka kirAta kanyAse vivAha kiyA aura usake kigata putrako rAjyAdhikAra dilAneke liye vaha jinadattarAyake prANoM kA grAhaka hogayA / jinadattagaya isa saMkaTa ke avasarapara apane prANa lekara bhAgA | sAthameM unakI mAtA bhI holI, jinhoMne zAsanadevI padmAvatI kI mUrti bhI lelI / ve mAtA-putra bhAgate huye dakSiNa bhAratake hombuca nAmaka sthAnapara phuNce| vahAMpara unhoMne eka suMdara maMdira banavAkara usameM padmAvatIdevIkI pratimA birAjamAna kI / padmAvatIdevIke anugraha se jinadattarAyako sonA banAnekI vidyA siddha huii| unhoMne bahutasA sonA bnaayaa| aba unhoMne AsapAsa ke saradAroMko apane vaza kara liyA / sAMtaka - pradezako jItane ke kAraNa unakA rAjavaMza " sAMtAra " kahalAyA / pahale yaha rAjA cAMta " kahalAte the / jinadattarAyame pomburca (hombuca ) meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI; jahAMse vaha aura unake uttarAdhikArI sAMta liMge sahasa prAMtapara zAsana karate rahe the / vaha prAMta vartamAna tIrthahallI tAluka se kiMcit adhika thA / jinadattarAyane dakSiNameM kalasa deza ( muDagere tAluqa ) taka apanA rAjya bar3hAyA thA aura uttara meM govarddhana giri ( sAgara tAluqa ) para kilA banAyA thA / uparAnta sAntArone apanI rAjadhAnI kalasameM aura phira kArakaLa ( dakSiNa kanArA) meM " Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat [ 147 " www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. 148] saMkSipta jaina itihA~sa / sthApita kI thii| prArammameM isa vaMzake sabhI rAjA jainI the, parantu uparAnta ve liMgAyata matake bhanuyAyI hogaye the| aura bhararasa voDeyarake nAmase prasiddha hue the; jaise ki Age likhA jaaygaa| liMgAyata honepara bhI unakI rAniyA~ jainadharmAnuyAyI hI thiiN| unakA astitva 16 vIM zatAbdisaka milatA hai, jisake bAda unakA rAjya kelar3I rAjyameM garmita hogayA thaa| prArambhika sAntAra rAjAoMmeM zrIkesI aura jayakesI bhAI mAI the, aura zrIvezIkA putra raNakezI thA / sAntAra vaMzake anya rAjA jagesI samaya sAnta lige prAnta para raajaa| rASTrakUTa rAjA nRpatuGga amoghavarSake bhASIna rAjya karatA thaa| kintu isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA ThIka silasilA vikrama sAntArase calatA hai, jimake viruddha 'kandukAcArya' aura 'dAna-vinoda ' the| use sAntilage prAntameM svAdhIna rAjya sthApita karane kA gaurava prApta hai, jisakI sImAyeM dakSiNa meM sUla nadI pazcimameM tavanasI bhaura uttarameM bandige nAmaka sthAna thA / san 1062 va 1066 meM vI zAntAra aura usake putra bhujabala sAntArane cAlukya rAjAbhoMme sAntilage |jyko mukta kiyA thaa| isa samayase sAntAra gajAmoMkI zakti bar3ha gaI thI aura vaha prabhAvazAlI hue the| bhujabalake bhAI nani-mAtA ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne gaMga-rAjA buTuTa-perammADise bhI adhika sammAna prAsa kiyA thaa| buga svayaM bhASI dura calakara unase milane 1ojapane rAjasiMhAsana para barAbara mAsana dakara

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjanuM / [ 149 " satkArita kiyA thA / inase tIsarI pIr3hImeM rAjA jagadeva hue the / jinhoMne dvArA samudra ke hoyasala rAjAoM para AkramaNa kiyA thA, kintu usameM vaha saphala nahIM huye the| isa ghaTanA ke pazcAt sAntAra rAjadhAnI kaLasa ( muDagere tAluqa ) meM sthApita kI gaIM thI, jisake kAraNa san 1209 se 1516 I0 taka sAntAra - rAjya kalasarAjya' ke nAmase prasiddha huA thA / kaLasa rAjadhAnIse jina rAjAoMne rAjya kiyA, unameM se do rAniyoMne san 1246 se 1281 taka zAsana-sUtra saMbhAlA thaa| inake nAma jAkala aura kALaLa - mahAdevI thI / hUmacha ( nagara tAlukA) ke zilAlekha naM0 35 (1077 I0) meM sAntAra vaMzakI jo vaMzAvalI dI hai, usase isa vaMza ke nimnalikhita rAjAoM kA patA calatA hai / hiraNyagarbha (vikrama sAntAra) kI rAnI banavAsI rAjA kAmadevakI putrI lakSmIdevI thiiN| unake putra cAgI sAMtAra the, jinakI bhAryA eMjaladevI thIM / vIra sAMtAra unhIM ke putra the aura unakI rAnI jAkaladevIse vanna! sAMtArakA janma huA thA; jinakI rAnI nAgaladevI thIM / unake putra nannisAMtAra rAjA hue, jinaka choTe bhAI kAmadeva the / kAmadevakI rAnI caMdaladevI thIM; jinakI kokha se tyAgI sAMtAra janme the / nannisAMtArakI mAryA siriyA devI thIM, jinake putra rAyasAMtAra hue the / rAyakI rAnIkA nAma akkAdevI thA aura vaha cikkavIra sAMtArakI mAtA thiiN| cikkakI rAnI vijjaladevI se ammanadeva hue the, jinakI bhAryA hocaLadevI 1 -meku0, pRSTha 130-140.

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150 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aura putra tailapadeva evaM putrI vIravarasI thI / tailapadevakI mahAdevI kelayavvarasI thIM, jinake putra vIradeva the| unakI gaMgavaMzI vIra maddAdevI se bhujabala sAMtArakA janma huA thA / inako cattakadevI bhI kahate the / inake atirikta isa vaMza ke aura bhI rAjA the / likhA jAcukA hai ki sAMtAra rAjA mUlameM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / jaina dharmakI unnati aura prabhAva - vistAra ke liye unhoMne aneka kArya kiye the / dakSiNa bhArata meM eka samaya yaha pahale hI sAMtAra rAjA aura jaina dharma / jainiyoMke maTha tIna sthAnoM arthAt (1) zravaNabelagola (2) maleyUra aura (3) hUnasameM sthApita aura atIva prasiddha the / inameM se hUmasa - maThako sAMtAra rAjA jinadattAyane sthApita kiyA thA / isa maThake guru zrI kundakundAnvaya aura nandi saMgha se sambandhita rahe haiN| isI maThake AcArya zrI jayakIrtidevase sarasvatI- gaccha prArambha huA thaa| zrI jinadattarAyake guru AcArya siddhAMtakIrti kI isI maThake svAmI the / nissandeha isa maThake AcAryoMne jaina dharmakI apUrva sevAyeM kI thiiN| uparAMta sAMtAra rAjAoMmeM rAjA tailasAMtAra jagadeka eka prasiddha dAnazIka zAsaka the / unakI rAnI cattaladevI thIM, jinase unake putra zrI vallamarAja vikrama sAMtArakA janma huA thA / 2 yaha rAnA mI apane pitAkI bhAMti eka mahAna dAnavIra thA / isakI putrI pampAdevI parama viduSI thI / 'mahApurANa' kA 1 - mamejesmA0, pRSTha 310. 2 - bhamejesmA0, pRSTha 162:

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tatkAlIna choTe raajvNsh| [151 madhyayana unhoMne vizeSa rUpase kiyA thaa| svayaM unake race huye 'bhaSTa-vidyArcanA-mahAbhiSeka' aura ' caturbhakti' nAmaka graMtha the| vaha itanI vidyAsampanna thIM ki loga unheM 'zAsanadevatA' kahate the| vaha drAvir3a saMgha naMdigaNa aruMgalAnvayI zrI ajitasena paMDinadeva athavA vAdImasiMhakI ziSyA zra vikA thiiN| unake bhAI zrI vallabha rAjAne AcArya vAsupUjA siddhAMtadevake caraNa dhokara dAna diyA thaa| cattaladevIne bhI kamalabhadra paMDitadevake caraNa dhokara 'paMcakUTajina maMdira ke liye bhUmi dI thii| pampAdevIkI putrI vAMcaladevI bhI apanI vidyA aura dAnazIlatAke liye prasiddha thii| vaha nAga. devakI bhAryA tathA pADala telakI mAtA thiiN| jinadharmakI vaha pAma bhakta thiiN| unhoMne kavi ponakRta 'zAMtipurANa' kI eka sahastra pratiyAM likhAkara bAMTI thIM tathA 1500 jinamUrtiyAM suvarNa aura ratnoM kI nirmANa karAI thiiN| ina ullekhomme sAntAra gajyameM zikSAkI unnati aura mahilAbhoMkA sammAna evaM unakI dAnazIlatAkA patA calatA hai| vikrama sAntAradeva bhI jinendra bhakta the| unhoMne 'paMcakUTa jinAlaya' ke liye ajitaseja paNDita devake caraNa dhokara bhUmi pradAna kI thii| taulapuruSa sAntAra rAjAkI rAnI pAlipakkane apanI mAtAkI smRtimeM pASANakA eka jinamaMdira banavAyA thA, jo 'pAlipaka-vastI' ke nAmase prasiddha hai aura unhoMne usa maMdirako dAna bhI diyA thaa| trailokyamalla vIra sAMtAradevane hUmasameM nokiyave' nAmaka jinamaMdira nirmANa karAyA thaa| unakI rAnI cAgaladevIne maMdirake

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151) maMtita jaina itihAsa / sAmane makaratAraNa aura balligaveme * cAgezvara' nAmakI minamaMdira banavAyA thaa| isa madirake mahAteme hamasake mAca govinda nAmaka zrAvakane samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| vahAM anya zrAvakoM ne bhI mallekhanA vrata mArAdhA thaa| vIra sAMtArake rAjyameM divAiranaMdi siddhAMtadevake ziSya paTTanasvAmI nokappA seThIne 'tatvArthasutra' para kanar3a meM siddhAMta ratnAkara' nAmaka vRtti racI thI, jise usaka putra mulla mane likhA thaa| nani sAMtArake rAjyameM paTTanasvAmI nozrayA meM ThIne paTTanasvAmI binAlaya' nirmANa karAyA aura vIra sAMtArase momavarI grAma prApta karake use kukkar3avAr3I grAma sahita sakalacaMdra paNDitadevake caraNa ghokara dAna kiyA / nokayya paTTanasvAmI bar3e dharmAtmA sajjana the / vaha * samyaktavArAzi' nAmase prasiddha the| unhoMne mdura meM suvarNa aura ratnoMkI pratimAyeM nirmANa karAkara sthApita kI thii| aura vahAM kaI sarovara banavAe the| bhunabala sAMtAradevane kanakanaMdi munikI sevA meM haravaro grAma apane banavAye huye jinAlaya ke liye diyA thA / taulapuruSa vidayAditya sAMtArane siddhAMta bhaTTArakake upadezase pASANakA eka jina maMdira nirmANa karAyA thaa| majabali sAMtArane pombu meM 'paMcavastI' bnvaaii| bhanandRgmeM cattakadevI aura tribhuvanamalla sAMtAradevane eka pASANakI vastI zrI dravila-saMgha madugalAnvayI majitasena paNDitadeva 'vAdighATTa' ke nAmase nirmANa kraaii|' san 1090 ke karIba kopya grAmameM mahArAja mAra sAMtAravaMzIne apane guru muni vAdImasiMha 1-mamai prAsmA0, pR. 319-125 /

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / [ 153 ajita senakI smRtimeM eka smAraka sthApita kiyA thA / yaha rAjA mayUravarmA kA putra tathA jainAgamarUpI samudrakI bRddhimeM candramA ke samAna thA / (mamai jaihamA0 291 ) ina ullekhoM se rASTa hai ki sAntAravaMzake rAjAoMke samaya jainadharmakA parama utkarSa huA thaa| jaina siddhAMtakA jJAna janasAdhAraNameM pracalita thA / > 3 - cAMgalva rAjavaMza - bAMgalA vaMza ke rAjAoMne dIrghakAla taka maisUra jileke pazcimI bhAga aura kurga dezapara zAsana kiyA thaa| unakA mUla AvAsa caGgavAr3a nAmaka pradeza thA, jo vartamAna ke hunsUra tAluka jitanA thA | cAMgalva apaneko candravaMzI yAdava kahate aura batAte haiM ki dvArAvatI meM caGgAtra nAmaka rAjA rAjya karate the ve unhIM kI santAna hai / zilAlekhoM meM unheM ' maNDalIka - maNDalezvara ' kahA gayA hai|' ve mukhyataH jaina matAnuyAyI the, jaina zilAlekhoM meM unakA ullekha huA milatA hai| paMsoge ke causaTha jina maMdiroM ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai ki unheM rAma-lakSmaNane banavAyA thA - cAMgalba rAjyakI pUrvI sImA vahIM taka thii| ina maMdiroMpara jina jainAcAryo kA adhikAra thA, vahI cAGgalva rAjAoM ke guru the / cAGgatvoM ke prasiddha rAjA nanni cAGgalva rAjendra cola the / unhoMne panasogemeM eka jina maMdira nirmANa karAyA thaa| mahArAja kullotuMga cAMgalva mahAdeva ke maMtrI ke putra cannavograsane gommaTasvAmIkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| jaina uparAnta isa vaMza ke rAjA zaiva matAnuyAyI hogaye the| saMbhavataH 1 me ku0, pR0 143 - 144 2 - mame prAjesmA, pR0 201 - 203 ca 250-328. 3 - maiku0, pR0 141. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat caGgAlava / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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154] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| cola rAjAoMke prabhAvameM Ane ke kAraNa unheM aisA karanA par3A hogaa| 4-koGgala rAjavaMza-isa vaMzake rAjA eka samaya maisUra prAntake marphalagur3a tAluka aura kurgadezake pNcv-mhaaraay| yelu sAbIra deza para rAjya karate the / panaso. geke yuddhameM cAgalvoMke viruddha rAjarAja colakI orase paMcava-mahAgaya vIratApUrvaka lar3e the, jisake kAraNa prasanna hokara rAjarAja colane unake zIzapara mukuTa bAMdhakara kSatriya zikhAmaNi. koGgava' upAdhise unheM alaMkRta kiyA thA aura unheM mAlavi pradeza bheTa kiyA thaa| paMcava -mahArAya kA eka zilAlekha ( san 1012 ) balamure nAmaka sthAnase prApta huA hai, jisase pragaTa hai ki vaha rAjarAja colake caraNakamaloM kA bhramara thA, jinhoMne use veGgiNDala aura gaMga maNDalakA mahAdaNDanAyaka niyukta kiyA thA unhoMne pazcimIya taTavartI dezoM ko vijaya kiyA thA, arthAt sanmoMne tutuba, kaGkaNa aura malyako apane AdhIna kiyA thaa| TrAvanakorake rAjA cemmako saMgrAma-bhUmise bhagA chor3A thA / aura telugoM aura raTTigoMko bhI khader3A thaa| isa ullekhase unake zaurya aura pakrapakA paricaya prApta hotA hai| koGga va vaMzake yahI mAdi puruSa the / inake pazca t huye rAjAoMmeM adattarAditya nAmaka pratApa zAlI thaa| usane san 1066 se 1100 rAjA adattarAditya / I0taka rAjya kiyA thaa| vaha zilAlekhoMmeM paMca mahAzabda bhogI'-'mahAmaNDalezvara''moreyUra-purA-dhIzvara '-'prAcI-dika sUrya'-'sarya vaMza-cUr3AmaNi'

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / ` kahA gayA hai / ina upAdhiyoMse adattara / dityakA mahAn vyaktitva svataH pragaTa hotA hai| unake eka maMtrI nakulArya nAmaka the, jo cAra bhASAoM meM likha-par3ha sakate the / [ 155 madattarAditya ke pahale huye rAjAoM meM (1) vAdima, (2) rAjendra cola pRthvImaddArAja (san 1022); (3) rAjendra cola koMgara (1026) kA ullekha milatA hai / adattarAditya ke uttarAdhikArI tribhuvana mallacoka koGgaladeva the / ye sabhI rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI the / rAjA mavattarAdityane mUlasaMgha kAnUragaNa tagarIgala gaccha ke gaMdhavimukta siddhAMtadevAcArya ke upadeza se eka jinamaMdira nirmANa karAyA thA, jise unhoMne siddhAMtadeva prabhAcaMdra udayasiddhAMta ratnAkarakI sevAmeM arpita kiyA thA / tathA usake liye bhUmi bheMTa kI thI / mahAmaMDalezvara tribhuvanamalla cola kAMgaLadeva ke sevaka rAvasetraka pote adagaditya ke adhIna saradAra buveya adinAmaka the / unhoMne jainAcArya zrI padmanaMdadevakI sevAmeM bhUmidAna kiyA thA / sArAMzataH koGgAlva rAjyameM rAjA aura prajA ke saMyukta udyogase jainadharmakA ullekhanIya prakAza huA thA / koGgakha va jainadharma / san 1390 meM kinhIM jainAcAryoMne mukkura ( kurga ) nAmaka sthAnakI vastiyoMkA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA / una maMdiroMke liye koGgAlva suguNidevIne dAna diyA thA / isa ullekha se rASTa hai ki koGgAlva rAjyakA anta coloMke anya rAjA / 1 - mamaiprAjaihamA0, pR0 284-286.

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.156] saMkSima jaina itihaas.| ANNIRAINRNAMINIMINISTRAINIKMERAMANAGENIORAININMENSNASAINTENANKARNINMENw. sAtha lagabhaga san 1915 I0 ke hogayA thA; ntu unakI saMtAna usaka pazcAt bhI jIvita rhii| agnI svAdhInatA sthira rakhaneka liye koGgArava rAmaoMne hoyasalavaMzake rAjAoM ke sAtha vIratApUrvaka moracA liyA thaa| san 1022 meM to unhoMne nRAkAma poyasaLa para bar3hakara mAkramaNa kiyA thaa| aura raNakSetrameM usake pANoMko saMkaTameM DAla diyA thA / kadAcit senApati jogayya unakI sahAyatAko na mAte to vaha zAyada hI raNabhU mese jindA lauTate / san 1026 I0 meM bhI konAva rAjAoMne mani nAmaka sthAna para hoyasaloMko parAsta kiyA thA, kintu mantataH vaha hoyasaloMke sammukha Tika na sake aura apane rAjyase hAtha dho baitthe| 5. punnATa-rAjavaMza / maisUra ke dakSiNa kI ora avasthita mati prAcIna punnATa rAjya thA / bhadrabAhu zruta kevalIne zravaNabelagolase bhAge punnATa rAjyameM jAne kA Adeza Ane saMghako diyA thaa| ( ' saMghopi samasto guruvAkyataH dakSiNApatha dezastha punnATa viSayam yayo'-hariSeNa ) yUnAnI lekhaka TolmIne bhI punnATa kA ullekha Pounnata * paunnaTa' nAmase kiyA hai / g2az2a yaha ki punna TarAjya atyanta prAcInakAlase prasiddhi meM mArahA thA; kintu isa rAjyake gajAoMkA ullekha sabase pahale gaGgavaMzI rAjA bhavinItake samayameM huA milatA hai| vaha chai sahasrakA eka prAMta thA aura usakI rAjadhAnI kisthipura thI; jo vartamAnameM kittura nAmaka sthAna hai| avinItake putra durvinItakI rAnI punnATa-rAjA skandavarmAkI 1-maiku0, pR. 145.

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / [ 157 putrI thIM / gajA skandavarmAna unake liye eka anya hI rAjakumAra pati cunA thA, parantu unhoMne svayaM durvinItako varA thA ima ghaTanAse tatkAlIna strI-svAtaMtrya evaM vaivAhika samudAratAkA patA calatA hai / uparAMta punnATa rAjya gaGga sAmrAjya meM milA liyA gayA thA / punna'Ta- rAjAoM kA kevala eka zilAlekha milA hai, jisase isa vaMza ke nimnalikhita rAjAoMke nAma miLate haiM- (1) rASTravarmA, (2) jinakA putra nAgadatta thA, (3) nAgadatta ke putra bhujaga huye, jinhoMne siMhavarmA kI putrIka sAtha vivAha kiyA thA, (4) unake putra skanda - varmA ye, jinake putra aura uttarAdhikArI, (5) punnATa - rAja ravidatta huye the / 1 6. senavAra- rAjavaMza ke rAjA jaina dharmAnuyAyI the jinake zilAlekha * DU' jilA ke pazcimIya mAgale mile haiM hale-pahale pazcimI cAlukya rAjA vinayAditya ke samaya meM arthAt n 690 ke lagabhaga senavAra rAjAoMkA ullekha huA miLatA hai / san 1010 I0 ke lagabhaga rAjA vikramAditya ke AdhIna eka senvAra rAjA vanavAsI prAtapara zAsana karane banAye gaye haiN| kintu sana 1058 I0 ke uparAMta senavAra rAjA svataMtra hogaye the / ve apaneko varavaMzI batAte the / jaina zAstroMmeM vidyAdhara vaMza ke rAjAoMko 'khecaravaMzI ' bhI kahA gayA hai| saMbhava hai ki senavAra rAjA mULameM vidyAdhara vaMzake / unakA rAjadhvaja sarpacihna yukta bhA-isIse use 'phaNidhvana'

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158 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kahate the tathA unakA rAjacihna siMha thA / ve apane ko kuDalUmpurAdhIzvara kahate the / kanati nAmaka sthAnase unakA jo eka zilAlekha milA hai, usapara bAyIM orase camara, chatra, candra, sUrya, tIna sarpa, eka khar3aga, gaU - vatsa tathA siMha aMkita haiM / unake zilAlekha se pragaTa hai ki senavAra rAjA jIvitavAra eka svAdhIna zAsaka the / unake putra jImUtavAhana the / rAjA / jImUtavAhanake pazcAt unake putra mAra athavA mArasiMha nAmaka rAjA huye the| mAra eka parAkramI rAjA the / jImUtavAhana Adi unhoMne vidyAdhara lokake saba hI rAjAoMko apane AdhIna kiyA thA / vaha hemakUTapura ke svAmI kahe jAte the / san 1128 I0 meM vikramAditya rAjA ke darabAra meM senavAra rAjaputra sUrya aura Aditya maMtrIpada para niyukta the, jisase anumAna hotA hai ki isa samayake pahale hI senavAra rAjA apanI svAdhInatA khobaiThe the / sUryake putra senApati the, jinhoMne pAMDya vaMzake rAjAoMkI zaktiko bhakSuNNa - banAye rakkhA thA | ina rAjAoM ke samaya meM bhI jainadharmakI unnati huI thI / san 1060 ke lagabhaga kAdavaMtI nadI ke taTapara jaba senavAra vaMza ke rAjA khacara kaMdarpa rAjya karate the taba dezIgaNa pASANAnvayI bhaTTAraka maGkadevake ziSya mahAdeva maTTAraka the, jinake ziSya zrAvaka nirvadhane bhekatAkI caTTAnapara ' nirvaya jinAlaya ' banavAyA thA / 1- me ku0, pR0148 -149. 2 - pramaiprAjahamA0, pR0 289.

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tatkAlIna choTe raajvNsh| [159 7. sAluva-rAjavaMza / sAluva mathavA sAtva vaMzake rAjA bhI mUlameM jainI the / ve apaneko candravaMzI batAte the| tuluva. dezAntargata saGgItapura (hADuballi) nAmaka nagarameM unakI rAjadhAnI thii| sAluoM ke pUrvaja Tikkama se unavaMzI rAjA mahAdeva aura rAmacandra ke senApati the, jinhoMne san 1276-80 meM hoyasala rAjA. opara mAkramaNa kiyA thaa| kahate haiM, unhoMne hoyasala rAjadhAnI dorAsamudrako lUTA thaa| san 1384 meM eka sAluva rAmadeva talakAr3ake zAsaka (Governar. the| vaha koTTakoDaM nAmaka sthAna para turakoMse lar3ate hue vIragatiko prApta huye the| sAluva-Tippa. rAjakA vivAha vijayanagarake rAjA devarAya dvitIyakI bahina hariyAke sAtha humA thaa| san 1431 meM devarAyane TipparAja aura unake putra goparA. jako TeDala nAmaka pradeza pradAna kiyA thaa| inake viruddha 'medinI, mIsara, gaMDa' va 'kaThAri. sAluva' the / san 1488-1498 I0ke madhyameM isa vaMzameM indra, unake putra saMgigaja gaura pautra sAluvendra tathA indragastya hammaDi-sAluvendra huye the| upagaMta san 1530 taka sAluva makkiAya, devarAya aura kRSNadeva nAmaka gajA huye the| san 1560 ke lagabhaga sAluvoMkI rAjadhAnI kSemapura (jerasoppA) gaI thI; jahAM devarAya, bhairava, aura sAlvamalla nAmaka rAjAmoMne tula, koMkana, Ice mAdi dezoMmeM parAjaya kiyA thaa| isI vaMzake katipaya rAjAbhoMne san 1478-1496 taka vijayanagara rAjapapara zAsana kiyA thaa| sAluva narasiMha nAmaka rAjakumAra vijayanagara

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / KICHENNNXNNNNAKAMANANUSINHANNXN.......... N ANRAKSATIAWINNION samrATake senApati the / ve bAhamanI sulatAna ke mukAbilemeM bahAdurIse kar3e aura musalamAnoM ke bhAkramaNase sAmrAjyakI rakSA kI, jisake kAraNa unako prabhAva aura zakti bar3ha gii| kahate haiM ki maukA pAkara unhoMne vijayanagara rAjasiMhAsanapara apanA adhikAra jamA liyaa| karNATa aura teliMgAnA dezameM usa samaya vaha sarvazreSTa parAkramI aura zaktizAlI yoddhA the| kAMcI unake rAjyake ThIka vIcameM thii| parantu unakA rAjya adhika samayatA nahIM TikA / bhAkhira unake vaMzaja kRSNarAya Adi rAjAoMke rAjamaMtrI hokara rhe|' 8-dharaNIkoTAke jaina rAjA-kRSNA jileke dharaNIkoTA nAmaka sthAnase jina rAmAoMne 12 vIM-13 vIM zatAbdimeM gajya kiyA thA, ve jainI the / yana maMDalavAle zilAlekhase ina rAjAoM meM se chai rAjAoM ke nAma isa prakAra likhe milate haiM / (1) koTabhImarAya, (2) koTavetarAya san 1182, (3) koTabhImagaya dvi0, (4) koTakenagaya dvi0 man 1209, (5) korarudrarAya (6) kottvetraay| aMtimarAjA koTavatarAyane vAGgalake rAnA ganapatideva aura rAnI rudrammAkI kanyA ganapandavAse vivAha kiyA thaa| rAjA ganapatideva jainiyoM kA virodhI thaa| usane apanI kanyA isa duSTa bhabhiprAyase vetamayako yAdI thI ki vaha bhI niyoM kA virodhI hojAya / pariNAmataH ganapatikI manacetI huI-ganapanavAkA putra prArudra vetarAyake pazcAt rAjyAdhikArI humA / usane jaina dharmako tyAga kara apanI mAtAkA bAmaNadharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| mAlama hotA hai ki 1-ku0, pR. 151-153.

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tatkAlIna choTe rAjavaMza / [161 usakA vyavahAra jainiyoM ke prati samudAra nahIM rahA-yahI kAraNa hai ki jainI usake samayameM dharaNIkoTA chor3akara cale gaye the| kahate haiM usa rAjAke nAnA ganapatidevane to jainiyoMko kolhU oMmeM pilavAnekI nRzaMsatA kA paricaya diyA thaa| varaMgalameM Aja bhI jaina dhvaMsAvazeSa isa atyAcArakI sAkSI derahe haiN|' (9) mahAbali-rAnavaMza-ke rAjAoMkA rAjya gaMgoMse pahale ___ mAMdhra dezase pazcimakI ora thaa| unakA daMDAdhipa zrI vijaya / pradeza 'bharddha-sapta-lakSa' kahalAtA thA tathA AMdhra maMDala meM unake bAraha sahasa grAma the| unake mAdipuruSa mahAbalI aura unake putra bANa nAmaka rAjA the| unakA rAjacihna vRSama thA aura unakI rAjadhAnI mahAbalipura thii| prArammameM ve ziva upAsaka the| unake eka rAnA narendra maha gaja the, jo balivaMza' ke AbhUSaNa kahe gaye haiN| unake daNDAdhipati zrI vijaya eka parAkramI yoddhA aura mahAna vIra the| eka zilAlekhameM unake viSaya meM likhA hai ki " mahAyoddhA daNDAdhirati zrI vijaya apane svAmIkI mAjJAse cAra samudroMse veSTita pRthvIra rAjya karane the jinhoMne apane pravala tejase zatruoMko dabAyA aura unheM vijaya kara liyA thA / anupama kavi zrI vinayake hAthameM talavAra bar3e balase yuddha zatruoM ko kATatI hai aura ghur3asavAroM kI senAke 1-mamaprabismA0, pR. 21-23.

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162] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sAtha hAthiyoM ke bar3e samUhako prathama haTAkara bhayAnaka sipAIyoMkI katArako svaNDita karake vijaya prApta karatI hai / bali vaMzake mAbhUSaNa narendra mahArAjake daMDAdhipati zrI vijaya jaba kopa karate haiM to parvata parvata nahIM rahatA, vana vana nahIM rahatA aura jala jala nahIM rhtaa|" eka manya lekhameM unake viSaya meM likhA hai ki "manupama kavi zrI vijayakA yaza pRthvImeM utarakara mAThoM dizAoM meM phaila gayA thaa| una zrIvi. jayakI zaktizAlI bhujAyeM jo zaraNAgatake liye kalpavRkSake tulya haiM, zatrurAjarUpI tRNake liye bhayAnaka khamivanake samAna haiM evaM premadevatAke dvArA lakSmIrUpI devIko pakar3ane ke liye jAlake tulya haiM, isa pRthvIkI rakSA kreN| daMDanAyaka zrIvijaya jo dAna aura dharmameM sadA lIna rahate haiM, vaha samudroMse veSThita pRthvIkI rakSA karate huye cirakAla jiiveN|"' ina ullekhoMse daMDAdhipa zrIvijayakI dhArmikatA aura sAhityazAlInatAkA paricaya prApta hotA hai| vaha eka mahAna yoddhA, dharmAtmA sajana aura anupama kavi the| (10) elinakA rAjavaMza - isa vaMzake rAjA ekasamaya kerala prAMta meM rAjya karate the, jinheM 'cIgavaMzI' bhI kahate the| tAmila sAhityameM unakI upAdhi 'Adi gainam' arthAt 'bhAdi gA~ke svAmI' thii| mAdigai vartamAna tirUvAdI nAmaka sthAna hai| ina rAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI pahale vAMjI nAmaka sthAna thaa| uparAMta vaha takatA (dharmapurI)meM 1-pramaiprAsmA0, pR. 32-3 /

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tatkAlIna choTe raajvNsh| [163 sthAntarita kI gaI thii| tirUmalaya parvatake zilAlekhameM isa vaMzake tIna rAjAoM ke nAma isa prakAra milate haiN| (1) elinIyA yavanikA, (2) rAjarAjapAvagana, (3) vyAmuktazravaNojvala yA vidugadalagiya peruumk| ye saba jainadharmAnuyAyI the| inameM se pahale rAjA elina yavanikAne bharaha mugiri (arthAt mAhatoM ke sundara parvata ) tikamalaya parvatapara padma yakSiNIkI mUrtiyAM sthApita kI thii| ina mUrtiyoM kA jIrNodvAra aMtima rAjA vyAmukta zravaNojvalane kiyA thaa| pahale rAjA elina yavanikAke nAmase aisA bhAsatA hai ki yaha rAjA videzI the| san 825 meM isa vaMzake aMtima rAjA cIrAmala perUmanaka viSayameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha makkA gaye the| isa ullekhase unakA bharavadezase sambandha honA spaSTa hai| makAmeM pahale aise maMdira the jinameM mUrtiyoM kI pUjA hotI thii| zravaNabelagolake eka maThAdhIzane pahale yaha batAyA thA ki dakSiNa bhAratameM bahutase nainI bharava dezase Akara base the mataeva bahuta saMbhava hai ki yaha rAjA mUlameM marabadezake nivAsI hoN| isa prakAra saMkSipta rUpameM tatkAlIna choTe-choTe rAjyoMkA parNana hai| apane rAjAmoDI taraha yaha maNDalIka sAmanta mI jaina dharmake pracAra meM tallIna huye milate haiN| nissandeha jaina dharmakI zaraNa 1-pUrva0 pRSTa 79 va ... 2-pUrva pRSTa 19, 3-airi0, mA0 9 pR. 284.

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164 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bhAkara dezI-videzI saba hI prakArake zAsakoMne zAMtilAma kiyA thA aura dharmake pavitra siddhAMtoM kA pracAra kiyA thA / kur3ApA jile se prApta eka lekha meM jisa pAvana bhAvanAko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai, usako yahAM uddhRta karake hama yaha khaNDa samApta karate haiM-- zAstrAbhyAso jina tinutiH, saMgatiH sarvadAyyaiH / saTTattAnAM guNagaNakathA, doSavAde ca maunam // sarvasyApi priyahatavaco, bhAvanA cAtmatattve | sampadyatAM mama bhavabhave, yAvadete 'pavargaH // tA0 30-7-38 } kAmatAprasAda jaina - alIgaMja / /

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bA0 kAmatAprasAda nI kRtaaitihAsika grndh| bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 2 // ). bha0 mahAvIra va bha0 buddha 1 // ) saM0 ana itihAsa pra0 bhAga maprApya " " dUsaga bhAga 2 // 2) , ,, tIsarAbhAga-1 1) vIra pAThAvali paMca-ratna 1) nava-ratra patitoddhAraka jaina dharma satya mArga II) vizAla jaina saMgha digambaratva aura di0 muni 12) 1-) mUlacanda kisanadAsa kA pArayA patA: jaina vijaya' presa digambara jainapustakAlaya-sUrata /

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thazallha. alchbllo 'Bee 9