Jain Darshan ka Samikshatmak Anushilan

Author(s): Naginashreeji
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032431/1

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jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana sAdhvI nagInA

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jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana sAdhvI nagInA tIna

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saujanya sva. zrImatI ramIlA bahana caMpakalAla mahetA kI puNya smRti meM nAgaradAsa zAmajI bhAI cerITebala TrasTa vAva (gujarAta) prakAzaka jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM 341306 (rAja.) (c) jaina vizva bhAratI prathama saMskaraNa : 2002 I. mUlya : picyAsI rupayA mudraka : sAMkhalA priNTarsa, sugana nivAsa candanasAgara, bIkAnera 334001 Jain Darshan Ka Samikshatmak Anusheelan by Sadhvi Nagina ISBN 81-7195-084-1 Rs. 85.00 cAra

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AzIrvacana prastuta pustaka meM jaina darzana ke kucha binduoM ko rekhAMkita karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| darzana aura gaMbhIratA donoM meM gaMbhIra saMbaMdha hai| gaMbhIratA ko prastuta karanA lekhaka ke lie kaThina kAma hai to gaMbhIratA taka pahuMcanA pAThaka ke lie bhI sarala kAma nahIM hai| sAdhvI nagInAjI ne samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se jaina darzana ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| usameM unakA adhyayana aura cintana-donoM haiN| jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie pustaka upayogI bnegii| -AcArya mahAprajJa 25-4-2002 mahAvIra jayantI guDAmAlAnI (bAr3amera) - pAMca

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vizva-cetanA ke maMdira meM jinakI jJAna-jyoti bikharI, hRdaya banA sIpI-sA jinakI vANI muktA bana nikhrii| jinakI eka palaka ke pIche arpita sAMsoM kA saMsAra, una pAvana caraNoM meM merA upahRta hai yaha laghu uphaar||

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AbhAra prastuti Aja se 37 varSa pUrva maiMne 'AtmA, karma, punarjanma' ke saMdarbha meM tIna nibaMdha likhe| sAptAhika patra jaina bhAratI meM prakAzita hue / taba se avacetana mana para aise vicAra rekhAkita ho gaye ki isa viSaya ko adhika vistAra diyA jaaye| mastiSka ke prakoSTha meM dastaka hotI rhii| kintu anajAnI rAhoM para calanA thA, jinameM na rAjamArga hai na koI sthira dizA / apanI anabhijJatA se paricita thI isaliye sAhasa samaya kI mAMga kara rahA thA / patA nahIM, mana bAra-bAra majabUra kyoM kara rahA thA ? pahale se bharapUra sAhitya isa saMdarbha meM likhA par3A hai| bhItara taha taka utara kara dekhA to mahAvIravANI sAmane thii| 'ego me sAsao appA, nANa- daMsaNa saMjuo' - AtmA hI kendra hai| darzana, nyAya, itihAsa, kAvya Adi sabhI vidhAoM kI mUlyavattA isI para TikI hai| AtmA taka kI yAtrA meM hameM sAre tAdAtmya, sArI pratibaddhatAeM tor3anI hoMgI jo AtmA ke atirikta haiN| AtmA jIvana kI svataMtra hastI hai| isakI anubhUti nitAMta vyaktigata hai| AtmA kI khoja kisI padArtha kI khoja nahIM, yaha to svayaM kA svayaM meM honA hai| samasyA yaha thI ki viSaya kI vizAlatA ko pAra karanA, gahana tathyoM kI paratoM ko cIrakara dIrghakAlIna atIta meM lauTakara svayaM ko usa pariveza se anugata kara, sahI evaM yathArtha tathyoM kA Akalana karanA itanA AsAna nahIM thaa| phira bahirvihAra meM tadanurUpa samakAlIna sAhityAbhAva meM vaicArika tathyoM ko AdhAra mila pAnA saMbhava nahIM thA / rya kI pUrNatA meM samaya, zakti aura zrama kA sAtatya apekSita hai| nirAzA aura utsAha ke bIca ciMtana jhUlatA rahA / kaI avarodha Aye / antataH saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA ne kArya ko gati dI / AcAryavara kA nirdeza milaa| lADanUM sevA kendra meM teraha mahInoM kA pravAsa / mahAzramaNI sAdhvI pramukhAzrIjI kA pAvana saannidhy| lakSya kI pUrti rUpa sAMce meM apane ko DhAlatI rhii| tIna sAla sAta

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ke bAda aneka avarodhoM ko pAra karake aMtima maMjila taka pahuMca paaii| preraNA evaM protsAhana se lekhana yAtrA saMpanna ho skii| merI bAta pUrNa karane se pUrva usa prajJApuruSa gurudeva tulasI ko namana karatI hUM jinake vAtsalya, anugraha aura preraNA kA aMkana zabdoM se nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| namana hai AcAryazrI mahAprajJa kI aparimeya jJAna-sampadA ko, jo apanI racanA-dharmitA ko yuga ke jIvaMta pratinidhi ke rUpa meM prastuta kara rahe haiN| namana hai yuvAcAryazrI mahAzramaNajI evaM mahAzramaNI sAdhvI pramukhAzrIjI ko, jinakA maMgala sAnnidhya svayaM preraNA-srota hai| avismaraNIya hai mAtR-hRdayA sva. sAdhvIzrI bhattujI, jinhoMne hara pala mere jIvana ko abhisiMcana dekara saMskArita kiyaa| ___ maiM una sabake prati hArdika AbhAra jJApita karatI hUM jina-jina AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM, munivaroM, pUjyavaroM, vidvAnoM, vicArakoM ke sAhitya-zilpa se pAtheya milaa| kRtajJa hUM AtmIya sahayoga ke lie sahavartinI sAdhvI padmAvatIjI, kaMcanakaMvarajI, puSpAvatIjI, gaveSaNAzrIjI ke prti| inakI udAratA aura sahayoga se maiM hara kArya ke liye nizciMta rhii| kRtajJa hUM samaNI satyaprajJA, samaNI amitaprajJA, manoja nAhaTA (jayapura) kI, jinakA pustakoM kI upalabdhi meM mahanIya yogadAna rhaa| kRtajJa hUM sujhAvoM ke liye DaoN. mahAvIrarAja gelar3A, DaoN. harizaMkara pANDeya, DaoN. AnandajI tripAThI, DaoN. sohanalAla lor3hA, prAdhyApaka bRjakAntajI zarmA, DaoN. rozana pItaliyA ke prti| pratyakSa aura parokSa, jisa kisI kA sahayoga milA sabake prati AbhArI huuN| sabake sahayoga se maiMne yaha vinata laghu prayAsa kiyA hai| yadyapi sRjana kI prastuti meM apUrNatA kA AbhAsa ho rahA hai| zabda anAyAsa hI niHzabda kI bhitti meM praviSTa hokara avyakta kI vizrRMkhalA ke smita ko ninAdita karane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiM, phira bhI kisI ke jJAna-saMvardhana ke nimitta baneMge to merI jJAna yAtrA sArthaka hogii| sAdhvI nagInA 4 navambara 2001 devagar3ha (madAriyA) ATha

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prAkkathana vizva kA vaividhya pratyakSa hai| vaividhya kyoM hai ? isakA samAdhAyaka tattva pratyakSa nahIM hai| jo pratyakSa nahIM hotA, usa sambandha meM jijJAsA ho, asvAbhAvika nahIM / vizva kyA hai? kaise banA? kisase banA ? vizva ke nirmANa mUla tattva kyA hai ? vyakti kyA hai ? kyA janma-maraNa taka calanevAlA bhautika piNDa mAtra hI hai yA mRtyu ke bAda bhI usakA koI svataMtra astittva hai ? ye aise prazna haiM jinakA samAdhAna anivArya hai| 1 mUla tattva ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai / thelIja (Thales) ke abhimata se jala mUla tattva hai| ekjImenIja ne vAyu, herAklAiTsa ne agni, pAithAgorasa tathA unake anuyAyiyoM ne jagata kI utpatti meM jala aura vAyu ko mahattva na dekara saMkhyA ko mUla srota mAnA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA- jIva (Soul) aura ajIva (Matter) kI sAMyogika avasthA sRSTi kI janaka hai| sRSTi kA sArA vistAra ina do kA yaugika vistAra hai| jaba se cetana-acetana kA astittva hai, sRSTi kA itihAsa utanA hI purAnA hai| jaba bhI yuga karavaTa letA hai, saMgati-visaMgati kA ulaTa-phera hotA hai| vaha vicAroM, dhAraNAoM evaM vyavahAra meM pratyakSa hai| vizva kI mUla sattA kA svabhAva, utpatti kA kAraNa, sRSTi ke kartRtva kI samasyA, AtmA kI amaratA evaM zubhAzubha karmoM kA vipAka Adi vimarzanIya pahaluoM para cintakoM ne apanI medhA - yAtrA kI hai| prAcIna grIka dArzanikoM ne jagata ko pakSa-vipakSa ke virodhoM ke samuccaya rUpa meM dekhA hai| jagata ke isa pravAha meM unheM Atma-toSa kI anubhUti nahIM huI / unhoMne anubhava kiyA--ina pravAhoM, pariNAmoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka zAzvata satya (Eternal or Immortal) kA honA anivArya hai aura vaha nitya, apariNAmI, zAzvata satya kAlAtIta (Ageless) aura amartya (Deathless) hai| jar3a jagata ke vicAra vimarza meM kisI nizcita bindu para nahIM pahuMcane ke kAraNa grIka mastiSka Atma-vizleSaNa kI ora unmukha huA / antataH jagata aura AtmA ko sApekSa mAnakara donoM kA samAhAra tattva meM kiyA / vastu-niSThA, nau

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Atma-niSThA aura tattva-niSThA - tInoM kA samanvaya grIka darzana meM pAyA jAtA hai| darzana kA udbhava tarka evaM vicAra ke AdhAra para hotA hai / darzana, tarkaniSTha vicAra ke mAdhyama se sattA aura parama sattA ke svarUpa - vijJapti kI yAtrA karatA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa likhate haiM- 'darzana kI AtmA anubhava hai / usakI praNAlI tarka para AdhArita hai| darzana tattva ke guNoM se sambandha rakhatA hai| isaliye use tattva kA vijJAna kahA jAnA cAhiye / yukti vicAra kA vijJAna hai| tattva para vicAra-vimarza ke liye tarka yA yukti kA sahArA apekSita hai| darzana ke kSetra meM tArkika praNAlI dvArA AtmA, paramAtmA, punarjanma, pUrvajanma Adi tattvoM kI vyAkhyA, AlocanA, spaSTIkaraNa, yA parIkSA kI jAtI hai|' (jaina darzana ke mUla sUtra, pR. 86) vedAnta kA jJAna, sAMkhya kA puruSa, jainoM kI AtmA -- kevala buddhi kA vyAyAma nahIM, inake pIche atizAyinI prajJA kA unmeSa hai| paurvAtya aura pAzcAtya samagra ciMtana kI dhurI AtmA rahI hai| AtmA traikAlika sat hai| vedAnta meM eka brahma hI sat hai / kUTastha nitya hai kintu anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa jar3a-cetana rUpa aneka padArthoM meM pratibimbita hotA hai, jaise viparyaya jJAna se rassI meM sarpa kI pratIti hotI hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra carAcara jagata kSaNika hai, pahale kSaNa ke padArtha kA dUsare kSaNa meM niranvaya vinAza ho jAtA hai| pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai| advaita vedAnta ne padArtha ko pAramArthika satya mAnakara paryAya ko kAlpanika kahA aura usake astittva ko nakAra diyaa| bauddhoM ne paryAya ko varIyatA dI, dravya ko kAlpanika maanaa| mahAvIra ne dravya aura paryAya--donoM ko pAramArthika satya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| tattva kA astittva dhruva hai | dhruva pariNamana zUnya nahIM hotA, pariNamana bhI dhruva virahita saMbhava nahIM / ekAnta dravyavAda, ekAMta paryAyavAda evaM nirapekSa dravyaparyAya ke AdhAra para vastu kI vyavasthA ghaTita nahIM hotI / utpAda-vyaya donoM pariNamana ke AdhAra haiM / dhruva unakA anvayI sUtra hai / 'arthakriyAkAritva' vastu kA lakSaNa hai, jo na kUTastha nitya meM ghaTita hotA hai, na niranvaya vinAzI mAnane se / dasa

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bauddhoM kI taraha yadi mAneM- 'kriyA hai, kartA nahIM, mArga hai, calane vAlA nahIM, duHkha hai, duHkhita nahIM, parinirvANa hai, parinivRtta nhiiN|" yaha na to nyAyasaMgata hai, na kisI ke anubhavagamya bhI / ataH vastu vrAta nityAnitya hai / nityaanitya, vAcya-avAcya, bheda - abheda-ye donoM pratItiyAM vAstavika haiN| vAstavikatA paraspara sApekSa hai| gautama ke prazna ko samAhita karate hue mahAvIra kahate haiM- gautama! jIva zAzvata bhI hai, azAzvata bhI / sAmAnyatayA vicAra karane para lagatA hai eka hI vastu meM virodhI dharmoM kA sahavasthAna kaise ? vastu yA to zAzvata hotI hai yA azAzvata / anekAMta ke Aloka meM samAdhAna sahaja prApta hai| AtmA thI, hai aura rhegii| usake asaMkhyAta pradezAtmaka svarUpa meM kisI prakAra kA rUpAntaraNa saMbhava nhiiN| isaliye zAzvata hai| azAzvatatA kI sUcaka hai vibhinna avasthAeM / deva, nAraka, manuSya Adi yoniyoM meM paryAya - parivartana hotA rahatA hai| jaina vicArakoM ne vibhajyavAdI zailI se virodhAbhAsa kI samasyA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| 3 AtmA traikAlika hai| pariNAmI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM AtmA ko amUrta evaM nitya kahA hai|` bhagavatI meM avinAzI, akSaya, dhruva aura nitya hone kA ullekha hai / kintu vahAM nityatA kA artha pariNAmI nitya hI hai| AtmA apane pariNAmI svarUpa ko akSuNNa rakhatI huI vibhinna avasthAoM meM pariNata hone vAlI, kartA aura bhoktA hai / svadeha - parimANa hai, na aNu, na vibhu / pratyeka AtmA kI cetanA anaMta hotI hai / kintu cetanA kA vikAsa sabameM samAna nahIM hotaa|' caitanya - vikAsa ke tAratmya kA nimitta hai / " AtmA meM anaMta zakti (vIrya) hai| use labdhi vIrya kahA jAtA hai| yaha zuddha Atmika sAmarthya hai| bAhya jagata ke sAtha isakA sIdhA sambandha nahIM / sambandha kA mAdhyama haishriir| AtmA aura zarIra kI saMyukta avasthA meM jo sAmarthya AvirbhUta hotA hai, vaha karaNa vIrya (kriyAtmaka zakti) hai| isase caitanya prerita kriyAtmaka kampana 1. vizuddhimagga, bauddhadarzana, anya bhAratIya darzana, prathama bhAga, pR. 511 se uddhRta 2. uttarAdhyayana 14 / 19 3. bhagavatI 9/6/3/87 4. ThANaM- 2 5. bhagavatI 7/8 gyAraha

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hotA hai| una prakaMpanoM meM bAharI paudgalika dhArAeM milakara apanI kriyApratikriyA dvArA parivartana karatI rahatI haiN| kriyAtmaka zakti janita prakaMpanoM ke mAdhyama se hone vAlA AtmA aura karma pudgaloM kA saMyoga hI baMdhana hai / karma kI kartA AtmA hai yA karma ? yaha prazna hai| zAstrakAra ne prazna ko uttarita karate hue kahA-karma kI kartA AtmA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda kI avadhAraNA meM karma kA kartA karma hI hai| do dRSTikoNa haiM, donoM sApekSa haiN| inameM tAtparya bheda nahIM hai| abheda dRSTi se dekhane para AtmA karma kI kartA hai| bheda dRSTi se karma karma kA janaka hai| yadi mUla AtmA ko kartA mAnA jAye to vaha akartA nahIM ho sktii| karma kA mUla hai- kaSAya / kaSAya cetanA kI pariNati pudgala mizrita hai / sajAtIya sajAtIya ko AkarSita karatA hai / kaSAya AtmA kA hI eka paryAya hai / AtmA aura karma ke sambandha kI samasyA jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa upasthita huii| unhoMne kahA- baMdhana kA kAraNa AtmA nahIM, pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA svayaM baMdhana meM nahIM AtI / kumhAra, cAka Adi nimittoM ke abhAva meM miTTI svayaM ghaTa kA nirmANa nahIM krtii| vaise hI AtmA bAhya nimitta ke binA aisI koI kriyA nahIM karatI jo baMdhana kI hetu bane / krodhAdi kaSAya, rAga-dveSa prabhRti baMdhaka manovRttiyAM bhI svataH utpanna nahIM hotIM, jaba taka ye karma vargaNAoM ke vipAka rUpa meM cetanA ke samakSa upasthita na ho jaayeN| karma jagata bahuta vizAla aura sUkSma hai| karma paramANuoM se asaMkhya duniyA pUrita kI jA sakatI hai| zarIra kA nirmANa 600 kharaba kozikAoM dvArA mAnA jAtA hai| prati saikaNDa 5 karor3a kozikAeM aura prati minaTa 3 kharaba kozikAoM kA utpanna - vinAza hotA hai| kozikA sUkSma hai| karma zarIra isase bhI sUkSma hai| vijJAna dravya ke choTe-choTe Tukar3oM ko skaMdha (Molecule) kahate haiN| skaMdha meM dravya ke sAre guNa vidyamAna haiN| skaMdha ko aura adhika choTI ikAiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAye to itane skaMdha hote haiN| jarmana prophesara eNDreDa (Andreade) ne likhA- AdhI chaTAMka jala ke skaMdhoM kI saMkhyA itanI adhika hai, yadi tIna araba vyakti eka saikaNDa meM pAMca ke anupAta se gaNanA kareM to 40 varSa laga sakate haiN| eka paramANu proTona (Proton) aura ilekTrona (Electron ) se nirmita hai| eka paramANu meM kaI proTona, kaI ilekTrona hote haiN| saMsAra kA sabase choTA bAraha

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padArtha proTona-ilekTrona hai| karma vargaNA kI sUkSmatA isase adhika Azcaryajanaka hai| AtmA amUrta aura karma mUrta hai| inakA sambandha kaise hotA hai, yaha koI jaTila samasyA nahIM rahI, kAraNa prAyaH sabhI Astika darzanoM ne saMsAra aura jIvAtmA ko anAdi mAnA hai| pazcima meM dehAtmavAda kI samasyA thii| dekArta ne isakA hala antakriyAvAda ke rUpa meM kiyaa| spinojA ne usake sthAna para samAnAntaravAda kI sthApanA kii| lAibanitja ne pratikriyAvAda kI kaThinAiyoM se bacane ke liye pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya kI dhAraNA ko abhivyakti dii| AtmA aura zarIra eka haiM yA do ? pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne isa para kAphI ciMtana kiyA hai| nAstika darzana meM donoM kI abhinnatA svIkArya hai| AtmavAdI ko bhinnatA mAnya hai| sApekSa dRSTi se isakA samAdhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana ne jIva aura zarIra meM sambandha prasthApita kiyA hai| ekAntataH pRthaka mAnane para donoM ko vyAkhyAyita karanA saMbhava nhiiN| cetana zarIra kA nirmAtA hai| zarIra usakA adhiSThAna hai| eka-dUsare kI kriyA-pratikriyA kA prabhAva donoM para hai| hamAre sAre AcAra-vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA donoM kI sAMyogika sthiti para nirbhara hai| dekArta, spinojA aura lAibanitja Adi pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne eka prazna aura uThAyA ki zarIra aura mana kA sambandha kyA hai ? inakA eka-dUsare para kyA asara hotA hai? manovijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI yaha bahucarcita viSaya hai| manovijJAna ke AdhAra para jIvana kI vyAkhyA meM nimitta hai vAtAvaraNa, paryAvaraNa yA pristhiti| dUsarA AdhAra hai vNshaanukrm| vyakti ke AnuvAMzika guNoM kA nizcaya kromosoma (Chromosomes) ke dvArA hotA hai| kromosoma aneka jInoM kA samuccaya hai| mAnasika aura zArIrika vikAsa kI kSamatAeM inameM hotI haiM aura jIna hI mAtA-pitA ke AnuvAMzika guNoM ke saMvAhaka hote haiN| vyakti meM koI aisI vilakSaNatA nahIM jisakI kSamatA usake jIna meM nihita na ho| manuSya kI zakti, cetanA, puruSArtha, kartRtva kitanA hai, jIna inakI abhisUcanA hai| vaiyaktika bhinnatA kA citraNa manovijJAna meM vizada rUpa meM milatA hai| manovijJAna ke pratyeka siddhAMta ke sAtha bhinnatA kA prazna jur3A hai| yadi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM to AnuvAMzikatA, jIna aura rAsAyanika parivartana se karma siddhAMta bhinna nahIM hai| antara itanA hI hai-jIna sUkSma zarIra - teraha

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kA avayava hai, karma sthUla zarIra kA / vyakti-vyakti meM AkRti - prakRti kI bhinnatA, AcAra-vyavahAra kI bhinnatA, jar3a-jagata kI bhinnatA kyoM hai ? inakI khoja meM hI karma-: - zAstra kI dizA anAvRta huI hai| manovijJAna meM jaise tIna varga haiM- sAmAnya, asAmAnya aura viziSTa / ye bhinna-bhinna vyaktitva ke AdhAra para tIna vibhAga haiN| krecanara ne zArIrika saMracanA aura citta-prakRti ko sAmane rakhakara vyaktiyoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA - suDaula kAya (Athletic), laMbakAya ( Aesthemic), golakAya (Pynic), DAyasplAsTika (Dysplastic) / prasiddha manovaijJAnika zailDana ke adhyayana ke anusAra zarIroM kA vargIkaraNa tIna prakAra kA hai - golAkAra (Endomorphic), AyatAkAra (Mesomorphic), lambAkAra (Ecomorphic) | jaina darzanAnusAra prANI kI zarIra-saMracanA, rUpa-raMga, AkAra-prakAra Adi sabhI nAma karma ke kAraNa banate haiN| inake liye do zabda pracalita haiMsaMhanana, saMsthAna / karma siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ke aura bhI aneka prakAroM kA vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAnasa zAstra ke adhyayana ke liye karma - zAstra ko par3hanA anivArya hai| karma kI AvAraka, vikAraka aura pratirodhAtmaka - tIna zaktiyAM mukhya haiN| karmavAda siddhAMta hI nahIM, jIvana kA darzana hai| usake abhAva meM na mana kA vizleSaNa kara sakate haiM, na vyaktitva kA / karma-zAstra meM jina-jina samasyAoM para ciMtana kiyA hai, unhIM samasyAoM kA adhyayana aura zodha manovijJAna kA mukhya viSaya hai| manovijJAna ke abhimata se saMvega ke uddIpana vyakti ke vyavahAra meM parivartana lAte haiN| karmazAstra meM cAritra evaM vyavahAra ke rUpAntaraNa meM mohanIya karma vipAka nimitta hai / eka dRSTi se karmazAstra aura manovijJAna kI dhArA mAno eka dizAgAmI hokara pravAhita hai| vaMzAnukrama, pariveza aura paristhiti bhI hamAre vyaktitva ke saMpUrNa rUpa se nirNAyaka nahIM haiM / kAraNa, koI bhI vaMzAnukrama vyakti ke pUrva cAritra evaM kAryoM se aprabhAvita nahIM hai / hamAre caitanya ke cAroM ora kaSAya ke valaya ke rUpa meM kArmaNa zarIra hai| yahI punarjanma kA hetu hai / kaSAya se use abhisiMcana milatA rahatA hai / punarjanma kI zrRMkhalA bar3hatI jAtI hai| caudaha

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mRtyu ke uparAMta AtmA kI sthiti kyA hogI ? usakA astittva rahegA yA nahIM ? yaha jijJAsA punarjanma kI avadhAraNA kI ora le jAtI hai| karmavAda aura punarjanma kA siddhAMta parasparAzrita hai aura jaina darzana kI maulika dena hai| vaijJAnika jagata meM Aja proToplAjmA kI carcA hai| isase AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma donoM kI puSTi hotI hai| parAmanovijJAna ne punarjanma para bahuta anveSaNa kiyA hai| punarjanma kI siddhi ke liye cAra tathya bhI prastuta kiye haiM1. kisI-kisI ko mRtyu hone se pUrva athavA bhaviSya meM ghaTita hone vAlI Akasmika ghaTanA kA pUrvAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| 2. bhaviSya ke jJAna kI taraha atIta kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| 3. binA kisI mAdhyama ke bhI pratyakSa jJAna ho sakatA hai| 4. binA kisI mAdhyama ke eka vyakti hajAroM kosa dUra baiThe hue vyakti ko apane vicAra saMpreSita kara sakatA hai| ___ ina tathyoM ke AdhAra para una logoM kI dhAraNA pariSkRta huI jo yaha mAnate the ki maraNoparAMta jIvana kA astittva nahIM hai| bhAratIya mahAdvIpa meM punarjanma kA siddhAMta vartamAna sabhyatA ke yuga se bhI prAgaitihAsika hai| AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva bhArata ke mUla nivAsiyoM meM yaha vizvAsa thA ki manuSya marakara vanaspati Adi anya yoniyoM meM janma letA hai, anya yonistha jIva manuSya Adi zarIra prApta kara sakate haiN| navAgata AryoM ne isakA anusaraNa kara apane dharmagranthoM meM punarjanma aura usake kAraNa karmasiddhAMta ko sthAna diyaa| __ padArtha kI taraha AtmA bhI parivartanazIla hai| yaha eka dhruva satya hai ki sata se asata aura asata se sata kI utpatti nahIM hotii| parivartana ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I AtmA hai| vaha anvayI hai| pUrvajanma aura uttarajanma-donoM usakI avasthAeM haiN| vaijJAnika prayogazAlAoM meM prayogoM ke pazcAta isa nirNaya para pahuMce ki maraNa ke pazcAt koI aisA sUkSma tattva raha jAtA hai jo icchAnusAra punaH kisI bhI zarIra meM praveza kara naye zarIra ko janma de sakatA hai| - pandraha

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harbarTa spensara kA mantavya hai- The teachers and bounders of the religion have all taught and many philosophers ancient and modern Western and Eastern have perceived that this unknown and unknowable is our veryself. First Principles. 1900 __ arthAta prAcIna ho yA arvAcIna, pazcima ke hoM yA pUrva ke sabane anubhava kiyA hai ki vaha ajJAta yA ajJeya tattva vaha svayaM hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se padArtha kI tIna avasthAeM haiM-Thosa, drava aura gais| bAda meM plAjmA aura proToplAjmA ko khojA gyaa| proToplAjmA kI tulanA prANazakti se hai| jaivaplAjmA meM ilekTrona, proTona donoM svataMtra haiM, jinakA nAbhika ke sAtha sambandha nahIM rhtaa| zarIra kI nazvaratA aura proToplAjmA kI amaratA ko bhI aba svIkRti mila cukI hai| mRtyu ke bAda proToplAjmA zarIra se alaga hokara vAyumaMDala meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| phira vanaspati meM sthAnAntarita ho, phala-phUla anAja Adi ke mAdhyama se manuSya-zarIra meM pahuMcatA hai| ve hI proToplAjmA kaNa jInsa meM rUpAntarita ho naye zizu ke rUpa meM janma lete haiN| vaijJAnikoM ne proToplAjmA ko AtmA mAnA hai| jaina darzana kI bhASA meM usake lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para sUkSma zarIra kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA ke traikAlika astittva ko svIkAra karane para hI smRti aura pratyabhijJA saMbhava hai| anyathA kRtapraNAza evaM akRtAgama doSa bhI AtA hai| karma kA sambandha atIta kI yAtrA se hai| atIta meM jo kucha kiyA usakI rekhAeM AtmA para aMkita ho giiN| kintu karma para bhI aMkuza hai| vaha niraMkuza sattA nhiiN| AtmA ke caitanya svabhAva kA svataMtra astittva hai| vaha kabhI bhI apane svabhAva ko tor3ane nahIM detaa| isaliye karma kA AtmA para ekAdhikAra nahIM hai| jisa dina karma paramANuoM kA sambandha TUTa jAtA hai| AtmA akhaMDa caitanyamaya pUrNa sUrya ke rUpa meM udbhAsita hotI hai| AtmA kI anubuddha avasthA meM karma-vargaNAeM Atma-zaktiyoM ko dabAe rakhatI hai| bhava-sthiti paripAka hone para ve zithila ho jAtI hai| yahIM se Atma-vikAsa kA krama zurU 1. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale, pR. 57 (kha) akhaMDa jyoti, julAI 1974 ke lekha kA sArAMza - solaha -

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ho jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM Atma-vizuddhi kA mApana guNasthAna ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| yaha talahaTI se zikhara kI yAtrA hai| jIvana kA lakSya kyA hai ? isakA cayana aura nirdhAraNa eka jaTila prakriyA hai| janma lenA paryApta nhiiN| yaha to jIvana kA AraMbha bindu hai| usameM saMbhAvanAeM haiM, para pUrNatA nhiiN| pUrNatA kI dizA meM prasthAna hI vAstavika vikAsa kI zuruAta hai| jIvana kA lakSya jIvana se haTakara nahIM ho sktaa| jIvana ke sambandha meM do dRSTiyAM hamAre samakSa haiM-jaivika dRSTi aura AdhyAtmika dRsstti| jaivika dRSTi se jIvana sadA pariveza ke prati kriyAzIla hai| yaha kriyAzIlatA mAtra saMtulana banAye rakhane ke liye hai| saMtulana banAye rakhane kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai| vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astittva ke prati saMgharSa (Struggle for Existence) kahA hai| jIvana kA artha hI samAyojana yA saMtulana kA prayAsa hai| adhyAtma zAstra ke anusAra jIvana na to janma hai, na mRtyu| jIvana eka pravAha hai| janma Adi hai| mRtyu aMta / jIvana ina donoM se Upara hai| janma-mRtyu to AtmA ke Agamana aura gamana kI sUcanA mAtra haiN| jIvana jAgRti hai| cetanA hai| vahI AtmA hai| . AtmA kI pUrNatA hI jIvana kA parama sAdhya hai| apUrNatA kA bodha pUrNatA kI upalabdhi kA saMketa hai| upalabdhi nhiiN| dUdha meM pratIta honevAlI snigdhatA usameM nihita makkhana kI sUcanA hai| prApti nhiiN| makkhana pAne ke liye prayatna Avazyaka hai| vaise hI pUrNatA kI prApti ke do sAdhana haiM-saMvara aura nirjraa| jaina tattva-mImAMsA ke anusAra saMvara kA artha hai-karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodh| nirjarA dvArA samasta prAcIna karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA kI jo zuddhAvasthA hai, vahI mokSa hai| bandhana-mukti kI yaha samagra vyAkhyA paryAya dRSTi se hai| AtmA kI vaibhAvika avasthA baMdhana hai aura svarUpa paryAya mokSa hai| baMdhana, mukti donoM cetanA kI hI do avasthAeM haiN| saMpUrNa karmoM kA Atyantika evaM niranvaya vinAza hI mokSa hai| -sattaraha

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prathama adhyAya AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana * darzana zabda kI vyutpatti aura arthayAtrA darzana - vijJAna kA sambandha * anukrama * Atma-parimANa * AtmA ke bheda - prabheda * jIva kA udgama kaise ? * AtmA kI vyutpatti * AtmA ke abhivacana * jaina darzana meM astitva siddhi ke Thosa AdhAra dvitIya adhyAya AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA * bauddha darzana - jaina dRSTikoNa * sAMkhya darzana - jaina darzana mImAMsA darzana - jaina darzana advaita vedAnta - jaina darzana * aupaniSadika cintana - jaina darzana cArvAka evaM jaina darzana * * dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda, AstikavAdI darzana * tRtIya adhyAya pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA * de * hyUma * kANTa * barkale dehAtmavAda kI samasyA * antarkriyAvAda nimittavAda * samAnAntaravAda aThAraha 1-34 35-62 63-88

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* * pAzcAtya dehAtma sambandha, jaina darzana caturtha adhyAya karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA * bhAratIya darzana meM karma manovijJAna evaM karma * * karma kI vibhinna avasthAeM * karmoM kI vipAka prakriyA Adhunika vijJAna evaM karma karmazAstra aura zarIra vijJAna * pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya * * AtmA kA Antarika vAtAvaraNa, paristhiti ke ghaTaka * jaina karmavAda, samanvayAtmaka cintana karmavAda kisakA samarthaka, niyativAda yA puruSArthavAda ? * karmavAda kA itihAsa * jaina karma siddhAMta aura usakA vikAsa * jaina karmavAda kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM kloniMga tathA karma siddhAMta * * * karma siddhAMta aura kvAnTam yAMtrikI * jaina karma siddhAMta kI chaH avadhAraNAeM paMcama adhyAya punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra * karma - punarjanma * bhAratIya darzanoM meM punarjanma * punarjanma kA kAraNa punarjanma : astitva ke AdhAra bindu * punarjanma : parakAya praveza * parakAya praveza kI vidhi * karma siddhAMta aura zArIrika cihna * mRtyu : eka mImAMsA * Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi meM * pAzcAtya vidvAna aura mRtyu * * unnIsa 89-136 137-170

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171-212 * lezyA aura punarjanma * lezyA aura AbhAmaNDala SaSTama adhyAya vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa * kAla vibhAga ke pariprekSya meM jaivika vikAsa * jaina darzana meM jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA * jaivika vikAsa * bhAratIya paramparA meM mana * pAzcAtya cintana meM mana kI avadhAraNA * naitika vikAsa * bhAratIya darzana meM naitika mAnyatAeM * AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama * cetanA ke vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAeM * mohanIya karma, usakA pariNAma * anya paramparAoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa saptama adhyAya mokSa kA svarUpa-vimarza * vibhinna dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA * mokSa kI paribhASA * mukti zabda kA abhipreta artha vAcyatA * mukti ke paryAya * jIva ke mukta hone kI prakriyA * mukta jIvoM kA Urdhvagamana * siddha zilA ke paryAya * siddhoM ke maulika guNa * muktAtmA kI avagAhanA * mokSa aura mokSa prApti kA mArga * baMdhana se mukti kI ora prasthAna kI prakriyA * mokSa prApti ke pUrva kI kucha vizeSa bhUmikAeM 0 upasaMhAra 0 sandarbha grantha sUcI - bIsa 213-244 245-253 254-260

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URUGSTSPILGTAGASIUTO CIGUGUGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO prathama adhyAya AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana * darzana zabda kI vyutpatti aura arthayAtrA * darzana-vijJAna kA sambandha * Atma-parimANa * AtmA ke bheda-prabheda * jIva kA udgama kaise ? * AtmA kI vyutpatti * AtmA ke abhivacana * jaina darzana meM astitva siddhi ke Thosa AdhAra OGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGJIGGGGGGGGGGGUI YUQIZUJUGGUGUGIUONA OG RUGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGURO

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AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana ___ saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmoM kA akhaMDa maulika piNDa hai| usakA anantavAM bhAga hI zabda ke dvArA prajJApanIya hai| anabhidheya padArtha ananta haiN| vastu ke ananta dharma haiN| pratipAdana ke sAdhana zabda ananta haiN| dRSTikoNa bhI ananta haiN| padArtha sat-asat, nityAnitya, eka-aneka, vAcya-avAcya Adi aneka virodhI dharmoM kA krIr3Asthala hai| anantadharmA vastu-svarUpa ko kendra meM rakhakara darzana zabda kA vyavahAra ho to sArthaka ho sakatA hai| prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI ne nyAya kumudacandra dvi. bhAga ke prAkkathana meM darzana zabda kA artha 'sabala pratIti' kiyA hai| isase phalita hai-jisakI, jisa tattva para aTUTa zraddhA ho, vahI usakA darzana hai| yaha artha hRdayagrAhI hai, kyoMki hara dArzanika ko apane-apane dRSTikoNa para vizvAsa nizcita hai| jaba darzana vizvAsa kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita huA to vicAra-bheda svAbhAvika ho gyaa| aneka darzanoM kI sRSTi huii| sabhI darzanoM ne vizvAsa kI urvarA bhUmi para panapa kara jijJAsuoM ko satya-sAkSAtkAra yA tattva-nirNaya kA bharosA to diyA kintu antataH unake hAtha tarka-jAla ke phalasvarUpa saMdeha hI pdd'aa| darzana eka divya jyoti hai| dArzanikoM ke hAtha meM thamA dI jisase cAheM to aMdhakAra haTAkara prakAza phailA sakate haiM, cAheM to matavAda ke AdhAra para hiMsA evaM vinAza kA dRzya upasthita kara sakate haiN| darzana kA itihAsa donoM prakAra ke udAharaNoM se bharA par3A hai| jaina darzana ne jyotirmaya adhyAya jor3ane kA hI prayAsa kiyA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina darzana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isakA AdhAra haianekAMtamayI udAra dRsstti| pakSa-vipakSa meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA isakI maulika dena hai| bhAratIya darzana kA mukhya lakSya tattva-darzana yA mokSa-darzana hai| isaliye vizva kI vyAkhyA yA mokSa ke sAdhaka-bAdhaka binduoM para carcA ko pramukhatA dI hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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dekArta vizleSaNAtmaka jyAmiti ke janmadAtA the| unhoMne bhautikI tathA prakAza-vijJAna ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa niyamoM kI khoja kI hai| lAibanitja, hyUma, kANTa, harbarTa spensara, jemsa jaise coTI ke vyaktiyoM ne dArzanika carcA se jana-mAnasa ko prabhAvita kiyA hai / unhoMne apanI lekhanI, tarka-zakti evaM vaijJAnika anveSaNa se apane tathA Ane vAle yugoM para chApa aMkita kI, phira bhI jijJAsu mAnasa itane mAtra se saMtuSTa nahIM hotA, vaha una tattvoM ko AlocanAtmaka, vizleSaNa kI kasauTI para kasakara nirNaya para pahuMcatA hai| udAharaNa ke dvArA ise spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai| calatI huI kAra ruka gii| kyoM rukI ? kAraNa kaI ho sakate haiN| kanekzana TUTa gyaa| pisTana jAma ho gyaa| peTrola pUrA ho gayA yA peTrola kI nalI meM kacarA bhara gyaa| cintana ke ina pahaluoM se nirNayAtmaka bindu para pahuMcanA hogA ki mUla kAraNa kyA hai ? isa prakAra kI vimarzaNAtmaka cintana-paddhati ko darzana kahA jAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM adhyAtma nAbhikIya bindu hai| usakA udbhava jIvana se hai| bhale usakI vicAradhArA vibhinna dizAgAmI hokara pravAhita rahI ho, kintu antataH AtmA ke kendra para hI use vizrAma lenA par3atA hai| vidhvaMsakArI prabhAvoM, bAhya AkramaNoM aura aitihAsika durghaTanAoM ko sahane kI isameM kSamatA hai, kyoMki adhyAtma kA Thosa AdhAra isameM hai| 'misra kI sabhyatA citra, lekhoM yA purAtatvavettAoM kI lekhanI meM sAMsa le rahI hai| romana saMskRti atIta kI yavanikA meM AvRta hai| bebIliyana sabhyatA kA khaNDaharoM ke atirikta kucha nahIM bcaa| vahAM bhAratIya saMskRti kaI sahasrAbdiyoM ke lambe kAlakhaNDa se gujarakara bhI apanI vizeSatAoM ke sAtha gaurava se jIvita hai|' bhAratIya darzana para nirAzAvAdI hone kA jo Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai yaha mithyA bhrama hai| nirAzA kA tAtparya viSAda nahIM, yahAM taTasthatA evaM samatA kI ora saMketa hai| samatA se hI AnaMda kI upalabdhi hotI hai| duHkha kA nivAraNa hotA hai| bhAratIya darzana kevala duHkha mukti kI bAta nahIM karate, balki usake upAya bhI sujhAte haiN| cikitsAzAstra roga, roganidAna, Arogya tathA bhaiSajya-ina tathyoM kA yathArtha nirUpaNa karatA hai vaise adhyAtmazAstra duHkha, duHkha-hetu, mokSa-mokSopAya ko prastuta karatA hai| - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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Adi kAla se manuSya kI naisargika vRtti kucha karane kI rahI hai| akRta ko karane kA saMkalpa, ajJAta ko pAne kI abhIpsA jijJAsA kI zAMti hai| Atma tattva kI jijJAsA adhyAtmavAdI darzana kI AdhAra bhUmi hai| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga kA prAraMbha jijJAsA se hotA hai| 'maiM kauna hUM ? kahAM se AyA hUM ? merA svarUpa kyA hai ? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahI ?2 Adi jijJAsAeM darzana kA mUla haiN| isI kI pratidhvani sunAI detI hai vaidika paramparA, muNDakopaniSad evaM kaThopaniSad meN| AtmA ko jAnane kI jijJAsA kyoM paidA hotI hai ? samAdhAna kI bhUmikA para mukhya rUpa se do tathya sAmane Ate haiM1. jaba mAnavIya cetanA kA, virAT prakRti ke zAzvata saundarya se tAdAtmya jur3atA hai, Adima saMskAroM kA sarvathA vilaya ho jAtA hai, taba ko'haM kI niSprakaMpa zikhA bhItara meM jala uThatI hai| kAraNa AtmajJAna ke abhAva meM sAdhya kI prApti saMbhava nahIM hai| dUsarA tathya hai, AtmavAda kI mUla bhitti para hI puNya-pApa, bandha-mokSa ke siddhAMta Tike haiN| AtmA ke binA sAdhanA kA AdhAra kyA hogA? Atma tattva vaha kendra hai jisake paripArzva meM adhyAtma gati karatA hai| adhyAtma kA pratyaya, Atma tattva kA anugAmI hai| dharma-darzana sabhI Atma-sApekSa haiN| jIvana aura mUlyoM ke prati gaMbhIra evaM tarkayukta yaha ciMtana darzana bana jAtA hai| grIsa ke mahAna dArzanika pleTo ke abhimata se darzana kA prAraMbha Azcarya se hai- "Philosophy begins in wonder" / bekana aura dekArta ke darzana kI prasava bhUmi 'saMdeha' hai| Azcarya aura saMdeha bhI darzana ke vikAsa meM apekSAkRta nimitta banate haiN| jainAgamoM meM gautama svAmI ne aneka prazna khar3e kiye haiN| unake kaI kAraNoM meM do pramukha kAraNa thesaMzaya aura kutUhala 'jAe saMsae, jAe kouhlle|'6 gautama ko jaba saMzaya evaM kutUhala huA, mahAvIra ne samAdhAna diyaa| ve praznottara jaina tattva jJAna kI anamola virAsata haiN| pAzcAtya darzanoM kA maMthana isa niSkarSa para pahuMcAtA hai ki ve AcaraNa kI apekSA jJAna para adhika bala dete haiN| pazcima meM darzana kA prAraMbha chaThI zatAbdI meM yUnAna se mAnA jAtA hai| karIba eka sahasrAbdI taka vaha gatimAna AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana -

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rhaa| pAMcavIM se 14vIM zatI taka kA samaya darzana ke aMdhakAra kA yuga thaa| usa samaya darzana ko IsAI dharma kA dAsattva bhoganA pdd'aa| bhArata meM isa prakAra kI haThadharmitA kabhI nahIM rhii| rUr3hivAditA, aMdhavizvAsa ke aMdhakArapUrNa galiyAre se vaha sadA mukta rhaa| anyathA vAstavika darzana kI koI sattA nahIM raha paatii| dekhane ke koNa alaga ho sakate haiN| paramparAgata vizvAsa kI surakSA ke sAtha navIna tathya ko apanAne meM durAgraha nahIM rkhaa| yaha udAratA hI bhAratIya saMskRti aura darzana kA surakSA kavaca hai| 'bhAratIya darzana mAnavIya vyavahAra kI aisI kriyAtmaka parikalpanA hai jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM apane Apa ko anukUla banA letI hai| Aja eka aura avadhAraNA sAmane AtI hai, 'bhAratIyoM ne dArzanika vicAra pazcima se AyAta kiye hai|' taTastha anusaMdhAna se yaha dhAraNA bhI khaNDakhaNDa ho jAtI hai| pratyeka rASTra kI apanI viziSTa manovRtti hai| bauddhika vikAsa bhI svataMtra hai| zatAbdiyoM ke pravAha aura samasta parivartanoM ke bIca apanA astitva kAyama rakhate hue bhArata gujarA hai| udhAra ciMtana se kyA yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai? binA nIMva kA bhavana kaba taka khar3A raha sakegA ? ataH uparokta avadhAraNA svataH nirasta ho jAtI hai| darzana zabda kI vyutpatti aura artha-yAtrA dRzi dhAtu ke sAtha lyuT pratyaya kA saMyoga darzana zabda kI utpatti hai, jisakA artha hai- dekhnaa| pUjyapAda akalaMka Adi AcAryoM ne darzana pada kI vyutpattipUrvaka arthAbhivyakti karate hue likhA hai-dRzyate anena iti drshnm| jo dekhatA hai athavA jisake dvArA dekhA jAtA hai vaha darzana hai| vastu ke svarUpa kA jahAM ciMtana ho, vaha darzana hai| darzana zabda aneka arthoM kA saMvAhaka hai kintu yahAM indriyajanya nirIkSaNa yA antardRSTi dvArA anubhUta satya artha hI abhipreta hai| antardRSTi IhA, apoha, tArkika parIkSaNa yA ghaTanAoM ke sAtha jur3e tAdAtmya se prApta hotI hai| manuSya antarbAhya ke dvandva ke kendra meM apane-Apa ko pahacAnane meM asamartha hai| pariveza ke khokhalepana kI vivazatA hai| antaraMga jIvana-nikaSoM meM ghora antara utpanna kara diyA hai| AtmAnaMda kI khoja hai| antardRSTi ke binA vaha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isaliye loka vyavahAra meM nirata manuSya vastujJAnAtmaka . 6 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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vijJAna kA sahArA letA hai| vahI paramArtha patha kA pathika Atma-jJAna rUpI darzana kA prakAza DhUMDhatA hai| yahI darzana aura vijJAna kA nigUr3ha sambandha hai| darzana-vijJAna kA sambandha darzana aura vijJAna eka-dUsare ke virodhI nahIM, balki pUraka haiN| donoM jIva-jagat kA niSpakSa (Neutral) tathA vastuniSTha (Objective) adhyayana karanA cAhate haiN| donoM kA sAdhya eka hai| sAdhanoM meM antara avazya hai| darzana antarjJAna zakti para AdhArita hai jabaki vijJAna bauddhika zakti pr| darzana kI kasauTI tarka hai| vijJAna tarka ke sAtha prayoga ko mahattva detA hai| kAraNa ke binA kArya ghaTita nahIM hotaa| vartamAna bhUtakAla kI upaja hai| bhaviSya vartamAna kA pariNAma hai| jo-kucha ghaTita hotA hai, usake pUrva kAraNa avazya haiN| sabhI vaijJAnika anusaMdhAna isI abhyupagama ko AdhAra mAnakara kiye jAte haiN| darzana ina kAraNoM kI khoja karatA hai| harbarTa spensara ne darzana kI paribhASA meM ullekha kiyA hai- 'jahAM vijJAna aMzataH vyavasthita jJAna hai vahAM darzanazAstra pUrNa vyavasthita jJAna hai|' vijJAna satya kI ora le jAne vAlI anumAnoM kI zrRMkhalA hai| vijJAna dvArA pradatta nirNaya aura rahasya aMtima satya tathA nirapekSa satya haiM, aisA dAvA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vijJAna kA koI bhI siddhAMta naye saMzodhanoM ke anusaMdhAna meM parivartana avazya mAMgatA hai aura nayA koI bhI anusaMdhAna pUrvavartI siddhAMta ko asatya karAra detA hai| nyUTana kA niyatavAda (Determination), dekArta kI upacayavAdI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para vijJAna ne kAphI pragati kI kintu naI bhautikI ke udaya ke sAtha hI unakI avadhAraNAoM para mAno grahaNa laga gyaa| yUkliDa kI jyAmiti, DArvina kA vikAsavAda (Evolution) bhI saMdeha ke ghere meM haiN| vijJAna kA itihAsa isakA sAkSya hai ki usake pratipRSTha para vaijJAnikoM ke nirNaya badalate hue najara Ate haiN| vijJAna meM aMtima satya kucha bhI nhiiN| darzana kA sambandha bhautikatA se nhiiN| usakA lakSya hai- jJAna kI khoja, mUlyoM kI pahacAna, saMpratyayoM kA sajagatA se tArkika vizleSaNa karanA, vartamAna vizva ko jisakI apekSA hai| vijJAna aura darzana kI dhArAeM kahIM ati nikaTatA se gujara rahI haiM to kahIM dUrI se| jahAM dUrI hai use pATane kA kArya kiyA hai-vI.rasela, e.ena. vAiTaheDa, AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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alphreDa, AiMsTIna Adi ne / unakA ciMtana, darzana aura vijJAna- donoM ke liye upayogI hai| rasela kA tArkika aNuvAda ( Rational Atomism), vAiTaheDa kA samaya-sAtatyavAda aura AiMsTIna kA sApekSavAda (Relativity) donoM kSetroM meM samAna rUpa se carcita haiM / darzana aura dharma bhI alaga tattva nahIM haiM / darzanazAstra ke nikaSa para kharA utaranevAlA tattva hI dharma ke kSetra meM pratiSThita hotA hai| eka hI cetanA pravAha ke ye do rUpa haiN| mUla eka hai| TahaniyAM do haiM / dharma darzana kA vyAvahArika pakSa hai| darzana dharma kA saiddhAntika pakSa hai| vijJAna jaivika prakriyAoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / jIvana kina-kina tattvoM kA samIkaraNa hai ? ve tattva kisa prakAra paraspara kriyAeM - pratikriyAeM karate haiM tathA kriyAeM-pratikriyAeM karake jIvaMta koSa yA koSa-samUha ko janma dete haiM ? yaha samAdhAna detA hai - vijJAna | dharma-darzana AtmA kA zodhana hai| jaina darzana parama Astika darzana hai| nizreyas usakA lakSya hai| isakA pramANa hai- astivAda ke cAra aMgoM kI svIkRti - AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda, kriyAvAda | mahAvIra kA astitvavAda mAnava taka hI sImita nahIM, sUkSma se sUkSma jIvoM ke astitva ko bhI utanI hI mAnyatA dI hai| isake mAnaka tattva haiMsaMvedana aura jijIviSA / prANI mAtra meM jijIviSA, sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana aura apanI surakSA kI vRtti dekhI jAtI hai / ataH unake astitva meM saMdeha kA avakAza nahIM hai / vartamAna meM astitva kA sUtra eka vAda kA rUpa le cukA hai| ise mAnavIya samasyAoM kA darzana mAnA hai| jIvana, sukha-duHkha, AzA-nirAzA Adi astitva kI samasyAeM haiN| pAzcAtya darzana bhI astitvavAda se prabhAvita hai| sArena kIkegArDa isake janmadAtA mAne jAte haiM / astitva kA artha hai - sattA kI svIkRti | AtmA ke astitva aura nAstitva kA abhyupagama sanAtana hai| astitva kI asvIkRti meM adhika prasiddhi lokAyata mata ko milii| zramaNa paramparA meM ajita kezakaMbalI bhI isake pakSadhara the| ina bhUtavAdiyoM ke atirikta sabhI darzanoM ne eka mata se astitva ko svIkArA hai| kucha pAzcAtya evaM Adhunika bhAratIya vicArakoM ke abhimata se mahAvIra tathA buddha ke samakAlIna cintakoM meM AtmavAda sambandhI koI nizcita darzana jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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nahIM thA yaha kevala satya kI anabhijJatA hai| tatkAlIna matavAdoM kA adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya bhI AtmA ke sambandha meM vibhinna dhAraNAeM thI-koI kSaNika mAnatA thA to koI kUTastha nity| koI aNu mAnatA thA to koI vibhu| una vicAradhArAoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM 1. upaniSad kA brhmvaad| 2. buddha kA anaatmvaad| 3. jainoM kA aatmvaad| jaina AtmavAda sabake bIca samanvaya setu bnaa| AtmA nigUDha tattva hai| aneka anveSaNoM, jijJAsAoM, vimarzaNAoM, aura samIkSAoM ke bAda bhI 'AtmA kyA hai?' yaha prazna samAhita nahIM ho skaa| vizva-saMracanA ke mUla ghaTakoM meM AtmA kA sthAna pahalA hai| __ pleTo darzana meM nizreyas pratyaya kI pradhAnatA hai| erisTATala darzana meM dravya evaM AkAra tathA hegala evaM breDale ne nirapekSa pratyaya ko sarvopari mahattva diyaa| bhAratIya darzana meM mukhyatA AtmA kI hai| AtmA kyA hai ? cetanAmaya asaMkhya pradezoM kA eka piNDa hai| phrAMsa ke prasiddha dArzanika dekArta ne AtmA kA vyAvartaka guNa cintana zakti yA socanA mAnA thaa.| isake viparIta bhautika dravya kA vyAvartaka guNa vistAra hai| usane siddha kiyA ki hamArI samasta manodazAeM cintana kA hI rUpa haiN| yUnAnI dArzanika pleTo ne AtmA meM tIna zaktiyoM kA jikra kiyA hai kSudhA, Avega aura buddhi| pleTo aura dekArta-donoM hI AtmA asaMkhya pradezI AtmA kI dhAraNA sAMsArika jIvana ke AdhAra para banAte haiN| bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke svarUpa para mokSa kI dRSTi se cintana kiyA hai| isaliye Atma tattva pradhAna bana gyaa| AXO AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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AtmA na ho to lokavAda, karmavAda, kriyAvAda kA mUlya vighaTita ho tA hai| vyakti ke liye sArabhUta prazna apanI sattA se sambandhita hai| astitvabodha se hI vikAsa yAtrA zurU hotI hai| AtmA ke sambandha meM dArzanikoM kA ciMtana kyA thA ? unakI niSThA kyA thI? niSThA ke AdhArabhUta tarka evaM pramANa kyA the ? vijJAna isa sambandha meM kyA kahatA hai ? bIsavIM sadI ke vicAraka isa saMdarbha meM nayA tathya kyA upasthiti karate haiM ? ina saba kA vimarza apekSita hai| Atma-viSayaka cintana kA prAraMbha kaba se huA ? kahAM se huA? isakA nizcayAtmaka uttara denA kaThina hai, kintu paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI ne jaina sAhitya itihAsa kI pUrvapIThikA meM ullekha kiyA hai- 'jaise brAhmaNa kAla meM yajJoM kI dhvani anuguMjita thI vaise hI upaniSad kAla meM yaha sthAna Atma-vidyA ne liyA thaa| RSi loga use jAnane ke liye kSatriyoM kA ziSyatva svIkAra karate the|"" isase spaSTa hai upaniSad kAla se pUrva Atma-sambandhI ciMtana mukhara thA, vaha upaniSad kAla meM bala pakar3a letA hai| vRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM AtmA ko sarvapriya tattva kahA hai, jo jAgrata aura mRtyu kI avasthA meM eka samAna rahanevAlA hai / 12 praznopaniSad meM AtmA ko zarIra, prANa, indriya aura mana se bhinna cit svarUpa kahA hai / 13 kaThopaniSad ke anusAra 'AtmA na maratI hai, na utpanna hotI hai| yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai / " 14 yaha na tarkagamya hai, na vedAdhyayana se prApti yogya / yaha mAtra prajJA dvArA hI prApta hotA hai / 15 jIvAtmA karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA, sukhAdi guNavAlA, prANoM kA svAmI hai / 16 brahmabindu upaniSad meM AtmA ko brahma kahA hai| use akhaMDa rUpa se mAnya kiyA hai| saMsAra meM jitane prANI haiM, saba meM brahma kA svarUpa pratibimbita hotA hai| upaniSad kA dRSTikoNa AtmavAdI rahA hai| yAjJavalkya evaM maitreyI kA saMvAda puSTa pramANa hai / vRddhAvasthA kI dahalIja para paira rakhate hI dArzanika ziromaNi yAjJavalkya ne apanI bhautika sampadA ko donoM patniyoM meM vibhAjita 10 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kara saMnyasta hone kA nirNaya liyaa| viduSI maitreyI ne asahamati prakaTa karate hue kahA-'jisase maiM amRta nahIM bana sakatI use lekara kyA karUM ?18 taba yAjJavalkya ne use Atma-vidyA kA upadeza diyaa| vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM maitreyI aura yAjJavalkya kA lambA saMvAda, kaThopaniSad meM naciketA kA upAkhyAna Atma-tattva kI siddhi ke hI pramANa haiN| AtmA ke sambandha meM upaniSadoM meM jo vistRta vivecana prApta hai, usase do bAteM spaSTa hotI haiN| eka yaha ki upaniSad kAla se pUrva bhI Atma-viSayaka cintana upalabdha thaa| jisake puraskartA kSatriya the| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai Rgveda ke samaya AtmA ke saMdarbha meM jo dhAraNA thI, upaniSad kAla meM usase bhinna dhAraNA hai| isase lagatA hai ciMtana meM kramika vikAsa huA hai| hindU darzanoM meM Atma-svarUpa-ciMtana meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hotA rahA hai, isaliye ekarUpatA nahIM bana skii| jaina darzana isakA apavAda hai| yahAM AgamakAlIna sAhitya se lekara Aja taka ke vizAla vAGmaya kA pArAyaNa batAtA hai ki bhagavAna RSabha se lekara vartamAna yuga taka AtmavAda kI dhAraNA samAna hai| jaba hama kisI viSaya para ciMtana karate haiM to sabase prathama usake astitva kA prazna pramukha hotA hai| tatpazcAt svarUpa kA vimrsh| astitva kA nirdhAraNa na ho to svarUpa kI carcA vyartha hai| jahAM taka astitva kA savAla hai, dArzanikoM meM sAmAnyataH koI vivAda nahIM hai| vivAda hai to svarUpa ke sambandha meN| kisI ne zarIra ko AtmA mAnA, kisI ne indriya ko, kisI ne buddhi ko, kisI ne mana ko, kisI ne svataMtra astitva svIkArA hai| inakI pRSThabhUmi meM vicArazakti ke samucita vikAsa kA abhAva pratIta hotA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha meM kahA- jo bhavAntara meM dizA-vidizA meM ghUmatA rahA, vaha maiM huuN|20 yahAM 'maiM' pada astitva kA avabodha hai| jaina darzana ne AtmA ke svataMtra astitva ke sUcaka cAra pramANa prastuta kiye haiM1. ahaM pratyaya-'maiM hUM' isa pratyaya kA AdhAra kyA hai ? AtmA na ho to ahaM pratyaya kaise hogA?21 maiM nahIM hUM-yaha vizvAsa kisI ko bhI nahIM hai| 2. saMvedana-sukha, duHkha, smRti Adi kA jJAna zarIra ko nahIM hotA, vaha use hotA hai jo zarIra se bhinna hai|22 AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana - .11.

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3. saMzaya- maiM hUM yA nahIM? AtmA ke sambandha meM yaha saMzaya, AtmA ko hI pramANita karatA hai| acetana ko apane astitva meM kabhI saMzaya nahIM hotaa| 'yaha hai yA nahIM' aisA IhA yA vikalpa cetana ke sivAya saMbhava nhiiN| 4. guNa-guNI kA avinAbhAva-caitanya guNa hai aura cetana gunnii| guNI ke abhAva meM guNa kA astitva kahAM TikegA?23 jaise-ghaTa ke rUpAdi guNoM se ghaTa kA astitva siddha hotA hai| jJAnAdi guNoM se AtmA kI pratIti hotI hai| guNa aura guNI kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai|24 caitanya pratyakSa hai| cetana pratyakSa nahIM hai| parokSa guNI kI sattA pratyakSa guNa pramANita kara rahA hai| pUjyapAda akalaMka, haribhadra, jinabhadragaNi, prabhAcaMdra, vidyAnaMda, guNaratna, malliSeNa Adi dArzanikoM ne vividha yuktiyoM se AtmA ke astitva kI puSTi kI hai| pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM ullekha kiyA-zvAsocchvAsarUpa kArya se kriyAvAna AtmA kA astitva asaMdigdha hai| 25 zvAsocchavAsarUpa kArya kA jo kartA hai, vahI AtmA hai|26 jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kA abhimata akalaMka deva kA hI anusaraNa kara rahA hai| ghaTa-paTa Adi pudgala dravya pratyakSa haiM, vaise AtmA pratyakSa nhiiN| isakI pratIti kAraNa vyApAra dvArA hotI hai| ratha ke calane kI kriyA sArathi ke prayatna se hai, vaise hI zarIra kI vyavasthita kriyA jisake prayatna se hotI hai, vahI AtmA hai|28 AtmA indriya se bhinna hai| indriyAM padArtha ko jAnane kA mAdhyama haiN| jAnane vAlA anya hai| indriyoM ke naSTa hone para bhI pUrva dRSTa yA zruta jJAna smRti-prakoSTha meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| isaliye indriyAM jJAna kA kAraNa haiM, kartA nhiiN| ___indriyAM sirpha mUrta dravya ko jAnatI haiM, amUrta ko nhiiN| AtmA amUrta hai| ataH indriya dvArA jJAta hone se astitva nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| arUpI kI bAta chor3a deM, ANavika sUkSma padArtha, jo rUpI haiM ve sabhI indriyagocara nahIM haiN| indriya-pratyakSa ko ekamAtra pramANa mAnanA-isase koI tathya siddha nahIM hotaa| .12. - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anazIlana

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indriyoM kA apanA-apanA viSaya nizcita hai| eka indriya ke viSaya ko dUsarI indriya nahIM jAna sktii| indriyAM hI jJAtA hoM, pravartaka AtmA na ho to saba indriyoM ke viSaya kA saMkalanAtmaka jJAna kaise saMbhava hogA ? jJAna kI sthiratA meM AtmA sahayogI tattva hai| kucha dArzanikoM kI AtmA aura indriyoM ke ekatva evaM bhinnatva meM vipratipatti rahatI hai| vimarzaNIya tathya yaha hai ki yadi indriyAM hI AtmA hai to indriyoM ke vikRta yA vinaSTa hone para smRti-nAza kyoM nahIM hotA? bhinna-bhinna dvAroM se bhinna-bhinna jJAnArjana karanA, smRti koSa meM surakSita rakhanA, eka sAtha saMyojana karanA indriya se pare AtmA ko pramANita karatA hai| indriyajanya samagra anubhUtiyoM kA kendrIkaraNa, sukha-duHkhAdi kA saMvedana AtmA ke kArya haiN| __ indriya-apratyakSa mAnakara AtmA kA niSedha karane se viprakRSTa aura vyavahita vastu ke astitva ko bhI asvIkAra karanA hogaa| adhyAtmavAda ke anusAra AtmA indriya aura mana ke pratyakSa nahIM hai isaliye vaha nahIM hai yaha mAnanA tarkabAdhita hai kyoMki vaha amUrtika hai| zrotrAdi indriyAM karaNa haiN| unakA koI preraka tattva avazya hai, kyoMki jo karaNa haiM, ve kisI se prerita hokara hI kArya karate haiN|29 indriyoM ko prerita karane vAlI zakti kA nAma hI AtmA hai|30 indriya aura viSaya meM grAhya-grAhaka bhAva sambandha hai| grahaNa kartA kI anivAryatA hai| AtmA AdAtA hai|31 - vizva ke sabhI padArthoM ko jAnane ke liye indriya aura mana para hI nirbhara ho jAnA nitAMta anucita hai| AtmA zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza nahIM hai|32 vaha arUpI sattA hai| kArya se kAraNa kI pratIti hotI hai| guNa se guNI, liGga se liGgI kA jJAna hotA hai| AtmA ke bhI astitva ko pramANita karane vAle kucha vyAvahArika lakSaNa haiM, jaise-prajanana (Reproduction), vRddhi (Growth), utpAdana (Production), vraNa-saMrohaNa (Healing syndrome), kSaya (Decay), aniyamita gati (Irregular motion) aadi| khAdya-svIkaraNa jaisI kucha kriyAeM yaMtra meM bhI parilakSita hotI haiM kintu saMjJA (Instinct), vicAra (Thought), bhAvanA (Sentiment), icchA (Desire) Adi cetanA ke lakSaNa haiM, nirjIva yaMtra ke nhiiN| yaMtra para-cAlita hai| AtmA AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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svacAlita hai| yaMtra kA niyAmaka yaMtra nahIM, cetanAzIla prANI hI hotA hai| jar3a tattva se cetanA kA AvirbhAva saMbhava nhii| cetanA bhI jar3a kA upAdAna nahIM bntii| donoM meM atyantAbhAva hai| donoM guNa-paryAyoM kA samAna rUpa se niravacchinna samudAya haiM, phira bhI saMvedana kI anubhUti cetanA meM hI prApya hai| jisa vastu kA jo upAdAna hai vahI usa rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| miTTI upAdAna se ghara nirmita ho sakatA hai, cetanA nhiiN| cetanA kA upAdAna cetanA hai| AtmA na ho to niSedha kisakA? asat kA niSedha saMbhava nhiiN| saMyoga, samavAya, sAmAnya aura vizeSa-niSedha ke cAroM prakAra arthazUnya bana jAte haiN| jJAtA, jJAna aura zeya-tInoM eka nahIM haiN| jJeya padArtha hai, jJAtA jAnane vAlA aura jJAna jAnane kA sAdhana hai| cetanA ke abhAva meM ina tInoM kA sambandha nahIM bntaa| saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya kA AdhAra kyA hogA? yaha gUr3ha dArzanika tathya hai ki sat trikAlavartI hai| jisakI sattA meM parivartana ho, vaha asat hai| sat-asat donoM bhinna haiN| bhinna guNa-dharmoM se yukta haiN| sat indriyagamya nahIM hai| satya AMkha aura kAna se pare bhI hai| tarka kI vahAM pahuMca nahIM hai| tarka kA kSetra kevala kArya-kAraNa kI niyamabaddhatA se Abaddha hai| vahAM do vastuoM kA nizcita sAhacarya hai| isaliye use pramANa-paramparA se Upara ekAdhikAra nahIM diyA jaataa| atayaM Agama-gamya hotA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne zvetAzvatara upaniSad ke prathama adhyAya ke tIsare maMtra para bhASya likhate hue nirUpita kiyA hai-'jo vastu pramANoM se gocara nahIM hotI use RSiyoM ne alaga prakAra se jAnA hai, dekhA hai|'33 AtmA aprameya hai| pramANa cAra haiM-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna, aagm| pratyakSaH-vastu aura indriya-saMparka se jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai| pratyakSa jJAna meM AtmA kA mana se, mana kA indriya se, indriya kA viSaya se, tInoM kA tAdAtmya hotA hai, kintu AtmA ke sAtha indriya kA saMyoga nahIM hai| AtmA avyakta hai| yaha aisI avasthA hai jahAM se AtmA ko pAye binA hI vANI, mana ke sAtha lauTa AtI hai|34 'na tatra cakSurgacchati, na vAg gacchati, no manaH35 upaniSad kI bhASA meM AtmA indriyoM kI pahuMca se pare hai, ataH pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya nahIM bana sktii| - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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anumAna :- sAdhana ke AdhAra para sAdhya kA jJAna anumAna hai| parvata zikhara para uThatI huI dhUma - rekhA dekhakara agni kA jJAna karanA - 'parvato'yaM vahnimAn dhuumaat|' kyoMki dhUma aura Aga meM vyApti sambandha hai | dhUma sAdhana hai| agni sAdhya hai| donoM meM avinAbhAvitva hai / sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI kAryoM ke bIca yaha sambandha rahatA hai| rUpa se rasa kA yA rasa se rUpa kA bodha sahabhAvI hai| kAraNa ke bAda kArya kA honA kramabhAvI hai / agni se dhUma kA paidA honA--yaha kramabhAvI hai / bAdaloM ko dekhakara varSA kA anumAna, nadI kI vegavatI dhArA se vigata meM vRSTi kA anumAna / ina donoM meM vyApti hai| isameM kArya-kAraNa aura kAraNa kArya sambandha vartamAna hai / vyApti ko pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM- 'Scientific Induction' kahA jAtA hai| upamAnaH naH- pUrva anubhUta kisI vastu ke sAtha samAnatA dekhakara naI vastu kA bodha karanA upamAna pramANa hai| isameM nAma evaM nAmI, saMjJA aura saMjJI kA avabodha hai| jaise- kisI nIlagAya ke bAre meM avagati prApta kI / usake rUparaMga, AkAra ke sambandha meM sunaa| vaisA hI pazu kabhI jaMgala meM sAmane AyA / smRti tAjA ho utthii| yaha nIlagAya hai kyoMki gAya ke sAtha isakA sAdRzya hai| nIlagAya hI hai - isa nizcaya para pahuMcanA upamAna pramANa hai| AgamaH - 'Aptopadeza : AgamaH ' - Apta vaha kahalAtA hai jo vastu ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai| hitopadeSTA hone se usake vacana pramANa haiN| AtmA ke saMdarbha meM Agama- pramANa bhI itanA mahattva nahIM rakhatA / Agama svayaM kahate haiM nAyamAtmA pravacanena labhyo na medhayA na bahuzrutena / phalita hai, AtmA cAroM pramANoM se jJeya nahIM hai / aprameya hai| anAtmavAdiyoM kA tarka hai-AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki usakA koI sAdhaka pramANa nahIM milatA, na koI utpAdaka tattva hai| AcArya akalaMka ne isa tarka ko nyAyasaMgata nahIM kahA, kyoMki unakA hetu asiddha, viruddha aura anekAMtika doSa se dUSita hai / 37 AtmavAdI kahate haiM- AtmA hai, kAraNa usakA koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| pratyeka padArtha kI astitva siddhi meM sAdhaka-bAdhaka pramANoM kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| sAdhaka pramANa jaise astitva ke sUcaka haiM to bAdhaka pramANa na milane para bhI astitva kI siddhi spaSTa hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana - 150

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anAtmavAdI AtmA nahIM hai isakA pramANa prastuta nahIM kara sakate kyoMki khaNDana karane vAlA bhI koI AtmA hI hogaa| jisake pratipakSa kA astitva nahIM, usake astitva ko tArkika samarthana nahIM mila sktaa| yadi cetana nAmaka sattA nahIM hotI to 'na cetana-acetana' isa acetana sattA kA bodha hI nahIM hotaa| kisI bhI vyakti ko pratyakSa siddha vastu meM saMdeha nahIM rhtaa| parokSa vastu pratyakSa na hone se vicAra-bheda sAmane Ate haiN| yadi sAdhaka pramANa balavAna ho to parokSa bhI svIkArya ho jAtA hai| bAdhaka pramANa balavAna ho to astitva ko nakAra diyA jAtA hai| AtmA pratyakSa nahIM, pratyakSa hotI to bhAratIya darzana kA saMbhavataH itanA vikAsa nahIM ho paataa| pratyakSa nahIM hai isIliye usakA cintana, manana, anveSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| Atma-parimANa dArzanika jagata meM AtmA kA svarUpa jitanA carcita viSaya hai, utanA hI adhika Atma-parimANa kA hai| isa saMdarbha meM vibhinna kalpanAeM parilakSita hotI haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, zAMkara vedAnta Adi AtmA ko AkAza kI taraha vyApaka svIkAra karate haiN| rAmAnuja, mAdhvAcArya, vallabha, nimbArkAcArya Adi mukhya haiM jo AtmA ko aNu parimANayukta mAnate haiN|38 aNu yAnI bAla ke hajAraveM bhAga ke samAna aura hRdaya meM nivAsa karatA hai| __ upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko vyApaka, aNu aura zarIra pramANa kahA hai| kauSItakI upaniSad meM vyAkhyA hai-jaise talavAra apanI myAna meM, agni apane kuMDa meM vyApta hai usI prakAra AtmA zarIra meM nakha se zikhA taka vyApta hai|39 yaha AtmA zarIravyApI hai|40 AtmA cAvala yA jau ke dAne ke parimANa kI hai| kucha loga aMguSTha parimANa bhI mAnate haiN|42 kucha ne bAlizta parimANa bhI kahA hai|43 upaniSad meM koI sunizcita vicAradhArA nahIM hai| maitrI upaniSad meM aNu se aNu, mahAna se mahAna bhI svIkAra kiyA hai|44 taittirIya upaniSad meM annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya, Anandamaya-ina saba AtmAoM ko zarIra parimANa kahA hai|45 __ jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA na vyApaka hai, na aNu, apitu vaha dehaparimANa hai| aNu-parimANa mAnane se kaI doSoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| aNu mAnane se zarIra ke jisa bhAga meM AtmA rahegI usa bhAga meM hone vAlI saMvedanA kA hI anubhava hogaa| saMpUrNa zarIra kI saMvedanA nahIM ho sakegI tathA indriyoM -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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dvArA hone vAlA jJAna bhI yugapat nahIM hogaa| AtmA niraMza ho jaayegii| aisA hone para do hissoM meM hone vAlI saMvedanAoM ke sAtha sambandha na hone se koI kArya siddha nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane vAloM ne kaI yuktiyoM ke dvArA apane mata kI satyatA ko sAbita kiyA kintu ve tarka kI kasauTI para kharI nahIM utrtiiN| AtmA ke amUrta aura nitya hone se AkAza kI taraha vyApaka kahanA bhI ucita nhiiN| jo nitya ho vaha vyApaka hI ho-yaha koI vyApti nahIM bntii| nyAya-vaizeSika aura vedAnta ne adRSTa ko sarvavyApI mAnA hai| adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai isaliye AtmA bhI vyApaka hai yaha dalIla bhI yathArtha nahIM hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne isakA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai-adRSTa ke sarvavyApI hone kA pramANa nahIM milatA 8 tathA isase Izvara ke kartRtva para bhI AghAta hotA hai|49 AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane se aura kaI ApattiyAM AtI haiN| jaise1. AtmA paralokagamana nahIM kara skegii| 2. kauna AtmA kisa zarIra kI niyAmaka hai-yaha kahanA kaThina hai| 3. anekAtmavAda ke sAtha bhI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| 4. bhojana Adi vyavahAra meM saMkara doSa AtA hai| eka ke khAne se usakA svAda sabako AyegA kyoMki AtmA vyApaka hai-yaha tathya kisI ko mAnya nhiiN| pratyakSa pramANa se bhI AtmA kI vyApakatA siddha nahIM hotii| AtmA ko vyApaka mAnane se zubha-azubha karmoM kA bhI mizraNa ho jaayegaa| eka ke duHkhI hone se sabhI duHkhI, eka ke sukhI hone para saba sukhI hoNge| svAmI kArtikeya ne AtmA ko sarvagata nahIM mAnA, kAraNa-sarvajJa ko sukha-duHkhAnubhUti nahIM hotii| zarIra meM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava AtmA ke dehaparimANa hone kA saMketa hai| AcArya hemacandra AtmA ke sarva vyApakatva kA nirAkaraNa karate hue likhate haiM yatraiva yo dRSTaguNaH sa tatra kumbhAdivat nissprtipkssmaitt| tathApi dehAd bahirAtma-tattvamatattva vAdopahatAH ptthntiH||9|| (anyayoga vyacchedikA zloka-9) AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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arthAt jisa padArtha ke guNa jahAM hote haiM, padArtha bhI vahIM hotA hai| AtmA ke jJAnAdiguNa zarIra meM upalabdha haiM, ataH AtmA zarIravyApI hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne syAdvAda maMjarI meM isa tathya ko spaSTa nirUpita kiyA hai AtmA sarvagato na bhavati, sarvatra tdgunnaanuplbdheH| yo yaH sarvatrAnupalabhyamAnaH saH saH sarvagato na bhvti| yathA ghaTa tathA caaym| tasmAt tathA vyatireke vyomAd / / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya bhI isakA sAkSya hai| jisa vastu ke guNa jahAM upalabdha nahIM haiM vaha vastu vahAM nahIM hotii| jaise agni ke guNa jala meM anupalabdha haiM ataH agni jala nhiiN| isI taraha caitanya pUre zarIra meM pAyA jAtA hai| ___ AtmA meM saMkoca-vikoca kI zakti ke kAraNa bhI deha parimANa kI siddhi hotI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra saMsArI jIvoM meM pudgaloM kA svIkaraNa aura kriyA-pratikriyA hotI rahatI hai| isaliye AtmA kA parimANa eka jaisA nahIM rhtaa| saMkoca-vikAsa calatA rahatA hai| yaha kriyA svAbhAvika nahIM, kArmaNa zarIra sApekSa hai| AtmA ke saMkoca-vistAra kI tulanA balba ke prakAza se kI jA sakatI hai| balba ko kisI choTe pAtra meM rakhA jAye to prakAza utane meM vyApta rhegaa| pAtra bar3A ho to prakAza bhI phaila jaayegaa| pAtra ke anupAta meM prakAza kA saMkoca-vistAra hotA rhegaa| AtmA bhI apane karmAnusAra jaba hAthI kA zarIra chor3akara cIMTI yA sUkSmatama nigoda ke zarIra meM praveza karatI hai to apanI saMkoca zakti ke kAraNa apane pradezoM ko saMkucita karake usameM rahatI hai, aura cIMTI kA jIva marakara jaba hAthI kA zarIra pAtA hai to jala meM taila bindu kI taraha phailakara saMpUrNa zarIra meM vyApta ho jAtA hai| cetanA aura vistAra kA sahavasthAna dekhakara prazna paidA hotA hai ki donoM kA sAtha kaise ? kyoMki cit kA lakSaNa cetanA aura acit kA lakSaNa vistAra hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika dekArta ne cit aura acit ko alaga-alaga mAnA hai| jaina darzana kA apanA abhimata hai ki jIva kA vistAra bhautika tattvoM jaisA lambAI-caur3AI vAlA nahIM hotA balki isakA vistAra rozanI ke vistAra jaisA hai| jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bAlaka zarIra meM jo AtmA hai vahI yuvA aura vRddha zarIra meM hai / yadi zarIra ke anusAra saMkoca - vikoca kI kriyA na ho to bacapana evaM yuvAvasthA kI AtmA ko alaga-alaga mAnanA pdd'egaa| bacapana kI smRti yuvAvasthA meM saMbhava nahIM hogii| jabaki bacapana kI smRtiyAM yuvAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| isaliye AtmA kA deha - parimANa honA nissaMdeha hai| 53 jaina darzana meM AtmA ko kathaMcit vyApaka bhI mAnA hai / kevalI samudghAta kI prakriyA meM AtmA caudaha rajju pramANa loka meM vyApta ho jAtI hai| maraNa samudghAta ke samaya bhI AMzika vyApakatA hotI hai / 4 lekina yaha kabhI-kabhI hotA hai isaliye vyApaka nahIM mAnA jAtA / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jIva anaMta haiN| pratyeka jIva ke asaMkhya pradeza haiN| vyApta hone kI kSamatA ke AdhAra para loka ke samAna virAT hai / jaina darzana meM AtmA ke vibhutva aura aNutva - donoM rUpoM ko mAnyatA dI hai| ekAntataH AtmA na vyApaka hai aura na aNu parimANa hI / yaha madhyama parimANI hai| yahAM prazna ho sakatA hai-AtmA ko zarIra parimANa mAnane se kyA sAvayava nahIM kahalAyegI ? jisake avayava hai, vaha anitya hotA hai| jaise ghar3A sAvayava hai ataH vizaraNazIla hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA abhimata hai-avayavI hone se anitya hI hotA hai--yaha koI niyama nhiiN| ghaTAkAza, paTAkAza kahane se AkAza bhI sAvayava ho jAtA hai, kintu vaha nitya hai / AkAzavat AtmA bhI nitya hai / vizva kI koI bhI vastu ekAnta nitya aura anitya nahIM, nityAnitya hai / dravya naya kI apekSA nitya hai / paryAyArthika naya se kathaMcit anitya hai / AtmA kA caitanya zAzvata hai| kabhI sukha meM, kabhI duHkha meM, bhinna-bhinna anubhUti - saba paryAya haiN| paryAya kI apekSA se AtmA anitya hai| ataH anekAnta dRSTi se sAvayavatA bhI AtmA ke deha parimANa hone meM bAdhaka nahIM hai / pradeza saMkhyA kI dRSTi se dharma, adharma, lokAkAza aura jIva samAna haiM, kiMtu avagAha kI apekSA samAnatA nahIM hai| dharma Adi tInoM loka meM vyApta haiN| ve gatizUnya aura niSkriya haiN| grahaNa- utsarga kI kriyA se rahita haiM / ataH inakA parimANa sadA sthira hai / saMsArI jIvoM meM pudgala kA grahaNa hotA hai / usakI kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai| isaliye parimANa eka jaisA nahIM raha sakatA / AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana 190

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dravya saMgraha", Adi purANa'6, uttara purANa57, jJAnArNava58, uttarAdhyayana9, zrAvakAcAra60 Adi meM AtmA ko caitanya svarUpa, upayogamaya, anAdi-nidhana, jJAtA, dRSTA, kartA-bhoktA tathA deha parimANa, saMkoca-vistAra vAlI mAnA hai| caitanya guNa AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, Agantuka nhiiN| isa sambandha meM tIna prakAra kI vicAradhArAeM pracalita haiM1. nyAya, vaizeSika aura prabhAkara bhaTTa, jo AtmA ko jar3a svarUpa mAnakara caitanya ko usakA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiN| 2. kumArila bhaTTa caitanya ko AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa mAnate haiM lekina sAtha hI use jar3a svarUpa bhI mAnate haiN| 3. sAMkhya, vedAnta aura jaina caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa na mAnakara svAbhAvika mAnate haiN| agni jaise uSNa svabhAva vAlI hai61 vaise AtmA bhI caitanya guNa vAlI hai| dravya kA apane guNa se bhinna yA guNoM kA dravya se bhinna astitva nahIM hai| AtmA dravya hai| caitanya usakA guNa hai| jJAna guNa AtmA se pRthak nahIM raha sakatA isaliye jJAna aura AtmA ko eka mAnA hai|62 agni aura uSNa guNa donoM bhinna mAnane se agni dahana Adi kArya nahIM kara sktii| isI prakAra jJAna se bhinna AtmA bhI padArtha ko nahIM jAna sakatI aura jJAna bhI nirAzrita ho jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM AtmA kA lakSaNa upayoga mAnA gayA hai| bhagavatI63, sthAnAGga64, uttarAdhyayana65 Adi jainAgamoM ke anusAra AtmA upayoga lakSaNa vAlI hai| nizIthacUrNi meM spaSTa hai jahAM AtmA hai, vahAM upayoga hai| jahAM upayoga hai, vahAM AtmA hai|66 cetanA do prakAra kI hai- jJAna cetanA, darzana cetnaa| AtmA jJAna-darzanopayogamayI hai| AtmA kA jo bhAva jJeya ko grahaNa karane ke liye pravRtta hotA hai use upayoga kahate haiN|67 upayoga kA artha hai-vastubodha ke prati AtmA kI pravRtti athavA viSaya kI ora abhimukhtaa| upayoga caitanya kA anvayI pariNAma hai| caitanya AtmA kA aisA lakSaNa hai jo pudgalAdi ajIva dravyoM se vyAvRta karatA hai|68 AtmA ke bheda-prabheda AtmA asaMkhya pradezAtmaka hai, vizuddha hai, usake bheda nahIM hote| saMsArI AtmA karma saMyukta hai| ataH indriya, mana, adhyAtma, anekAMta, zuddhi-azuddhi .20 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kI apekSA aneka bhedoM kI vyavasthA hai| jaina darzana meM jIvoM kA jaisA vyavasthita vargIkaraNa hai vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| bheda-prabhedoM kA vivecana atyanta sUkSma aura manovaijJAnika hai| vargIkaraNa ke pIche uddezya hai- Atma svarUpa kI avagati dekara mokSa mArga kI ora abhimukha krnaa| AtmA aneka hai-isake paripoSaka tIna pramANa haiM1. indriyoM kI bhinntaa| 2. pravRttiyoM kI bhinntaa| 3. zarIra kI bhinntaa| sUtrakRtAGga meM ekAtmavAda kI samIkSA meM kahA hai- AtmA eka hai to eka hI samaya meM yaha tattvajJa hai, atattvajJa hai| yaha Asakta hai, yaha virakta hai-aisA viruddha vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA ataH AtmA eka nahIM hai / 69 eka AtmA kI kalpanA yuktirahita hai| jaina darzanAnusAra eka zarIra meM aneka AtmAeM raha sakatI haiM, kintu eka AtmA aneka zarIroM meM nahIM raha sktii| dRSTa yA anubhUta padArtha kA smaraNa tathA pratyabhijJAna eka vyakti jaisA dUsare meM nahIM miltaa| aneka AtmA kI bAta isase bhI siddha hai|70 nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga aura mImAMsA darzana meM jaina darzana ke samAna aneka AtmAoM kI svIkRti hai| AtmA kI vividha avadhAraNA meM kiMcit bhinnatA hai phira bhI AtmA ke vividha rUpa svIkArya haiN| taittirIyopaniSad meM AtmA kI annamaya, prANamaya, manomaya, vijJAnamaya, AnaMdamaya-ina pAMca avasthAoM kA ullekha hai|74 kaThopaniSad meM jJAnAtmA, mahadAtmA, zAntAtmA tIna avasthAeM svIkRta haiN|72 muNDakopaniSada meM antaHprajJa bahiprajJa, ubhayaprajJa, avAcya-AtmA ke cAra bheda kiye haiN|73 AdhyAtmika vikAsa dRSTi se jaina darzana meM AtmA ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM bahirAtmA-pratibimba ko bimba maannaa| ajJAna dazA meM jIva kI avasthA, bahirAtmA kI pahacAna hai| antraatmaa-jaagRti| jahAM AtmA se bhinna padArthoM se tAdAtmya TUTa jAtA hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana 21.

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paramAtmA- jahAM samasta karmoM se mukta, sva-svarUpa kI upasthiti hotI hai| jIva kI jitanI paryAyeM badalatI haiM, jitanI rUpAntarita avasthAeM evaM pariNatiyAM hai, utanI hI AtmAeM haiN| ve usa avasthA kI bodhaka haiN| sabhI kA eka sAtha pratipAdana asaMbhava hai ataH ciMtana kI sahajatA ke liye unakA vargIkaraNa ATha rUpoM meM kiyA hai dravya AtmA 4-caitanyamaya asaMkhya pradezoM kA pinndd| cetanAkAla ke sabhI khaNDoM meM dIpta rahatI hai| na udita hotI hai, na ast| aisI zuddha caitanyamaya AtmA ko dravyAtmA kahate haiN| kaSAya AtmA - krodha, mAna Adi kaSAyoM se raMjita avsthaa| yoga AtmA - mana, vacana, kAyA kI yogamaya rUpAntarita avsthaa| upayoga AtmA - cetanA kA upayogamaya kriyAtmaka pkss| jJAna AtmA - jIva kI jJAnamaya avasthA yA prinnti| darzana AtmA - mUlabhUta sattA ke prati jIva kA yathArtha-ayathArtha dRssttikonn| cAritrAtmA - karma nirodha kI bhUmikA meM jIva kI sakriya bhuumikaa| vIryAtmA - jIva kA sAmarthya-vizeSa vIrya AtmA hai| ina avasthAoM meM dravya AtmA mUlabhUta hai, zeSa jIva kI paryAyeM haiN| adhyAtma tattvAloka' meM jIva kI anya avasthAeM bhI batalAI haiM, yathAbahirAtmA, bhadrAtmA, sadAtmA, mahAtmA, yogAtmA, paramAtmA aadi| anekAtmavAda kI tulanA jarmana ke dArzanika lAibanItja ke cidaNu se kI jA sakatI hai| lAibanIja ke anusAra cidaNu aneka haiM jinameM caitanya kA svataMtra vikAsa ho rahA hai| donoM meM kAphI sAmya hai|06 jaina darzana meM saMsArI aura siddha, mUla ina do avasthAoM kI pramukhatA hai| saMsArI avasthA jIva kI baddha avasthA hai| saMsAra kA eka nAma parAvartana hai| parAvartana pAMca haiM-dravya parAvartana, kSetra parAvartana, kAla parAvartana, bhava parAvartana, bhAva praavrtn| ina pAMcoM parAvartanoM meM yAtrAyita jIva kI saMsArI avasthA hai| parivartanoM se mukta jIva siddha kahalAtA hai| siddhoM kI avasthA akSaya, acala, avyAvAdha hai| Upara hama jaina darzana aura anya darzanoM meM aneka .22 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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AtmA kI carcA kara Aye haiN| kintu jainAgamoM meM sthAnAMga eka sUtra hai| usakA prAraMbha 'ege AyA' se hotA hai| prazna uThatA hai, kyA isase upaniSada meM varNita ekAtmavAda kI puSTi nahIM hogI ? eka aura aneka kA virodhAbhAsa kaise ? prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| samAdhAna anekAMta kI bhASA meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana ekAMtavAdI darzana nahIM hai| anekAMta usakA prANa hai| anekAMta ke AdhAra para AtmA vyaSTi kI apekSA se aneka aura samaSTi kI apekSA se eka hai| yaha sApekSa dRSTi hai| Agama vANI meM upaniSad kA ekAtmavAda aura sAMkhya kA anekAtmavAda donoM samAhita haiN| bhagavatI sUtra kA prasaMga isakA pramANa hai| somila brAhmaNa ne pUchAbhaMte ! Apa eka haiM yA do ? Apa akSaya-avyaya haiM yA aneka bhUta bhAvoM se bhAvita haiM? mahAvIra ne jo uttara diyA, vaha vibhajyavAda kA sUcaka hai| unhoMne kahA-somila ! maiM eka bhI hUM, do bhI huuN| akSaya-avyaya bhI hUM, aneka bhUta bhAva se bhAvita bhI huuN| dravyatva kI apekSA se eka huuN| upayoga guNayukta hone se do bhI huuN| upayoga jJAna-darzana rUpa hai| AtmA se saMpRkta hai| isa dRSTi se jJAtA evaM dRSTA rUpa donoM huuN| isI sUtra ke navameM zataka meM jIva nitya hai yA anitya-prazna kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne kahA- jIva nityAnitya hai, jIva kA astitva trikAlavartI hai, isaliye vaha nitya hai, zAzvata hai| dUsare pakSa meM jIva anitya hai kyoMki nAraka, deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca Adi avasthAoM meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai| vastu kA samagra bodha karane ke liye usake donoM pakSoM ko samajhanA hotA hai| anekAMta rUpa ciMtana meM jIva nityAnitya hai, zAzvata-azAzvata rUpa hai| jIva sAMta hai to anaMta bhI hai| dravya-kSetra kI apekSA se sAMta hai| kAlabhAva kI apekSA se anaMta hai| AtmA mUrta-amUrta rUpa hai| svabhAva se amUrta hai lekina karma saMyukta saMsArI AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai| zuddha dravya ke rUpa meM AtmA svayaM jJAna rUpa hai, jJAtA hai| azuddha dravya ke rUpa meM karma se Abaddha AtmA vividha rUpAtmaka hai| jIva kA udgama kaise? jIva kA udgama kaba se hai ? utpatti kaise huI ? kahAM se huI ? ye prazna Aja bhI mana-mastiSka meM rahasya bane hue haiN| dArzanikoM aura vaijJAnikoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se ina para ciMtana kiyA hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana 23.

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IzvaravAdiyoM ne ise Izvara kI kalA mAnA hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRtipuruSa kA saMyoga isakA kAraNa hai| lokAyata matAnusAra pAMca bhUtoM ke saMyojana se AtmA kA astitva sAmane AyA aura inake vilaya ke sAtha hI AtmA kI samApti ho jAtI hai| upaniSad meM kahA- brahma ne agni, samidhA, sUrya-soma, pRthivI, auSadhiyoM Adi kA nirmANa kiyaa| auSadhiyoM se vIrya aura vIrya se vibhinna prANiyoM kI sRSTi huii| jaina darzana jIva ko anAdi-nidhana mAnatA hai| jIva kI sattA anAdi hai| taba jIvotpatti kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| jIvotpatti kA jo krama hai vaha saMsArI jIvoM kA avasthAntara hai| satya zodha kI do dRSTiyAM haiM-dArzanika aura vaijnyaanik| hama donoM dRSTiyoM se vicAra kreNge| dArzanika dRSTi se bhagavatI kA prasaMga mananIya hai| prazna haijIva pahale banA yA ajIva ? loka pahale banA yA aloka ? ina praznoM kA uttara murgI aura aNDe ke udAharaNa se diyA gayA hai| aNDe se murgI paidA huI yA murgI se aNDA ? ina donoM meM koI krama nahIM bntaa| apazcAnupUrvI kahakara zAstrakAroM ne prazna ko samAhita kiyA hai| kyoMki ye zAzvata haiN| zAzvata meM pahale-pIche kA krama nahIM bntaa| murgI se aNDA yA aNDe se murgI yaha kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai aura trikAlavartI hai| jaise-bIja se vRkSa, vRkSa se bIja kI zAzvata paramparA hai| tathAgata buddha ke sAmane bhI aise prazna upasthita hue the kintu unhoMne ucchedavAda evaM ekAnta zAzvatavAda se bacane ke liye avyAkRta aura asamIcIna kahakara TAla diyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA-avaktavyatA bhI nirapekSa nahIM hai, sApekSa hI hai| jo avAcya hai, vaha vAcya bhI hai| jo vAcya hai, vaha avAcya bhI hai| usameM vAcyatA evaM avAcyatA donoM hI sApekSa rUpa meM nihita haiN| jamAlI ne bhI loka evaM jIva kI zAzvatatA kA prazna uThAyA thaa| mahAvIra ne kahA-jamAlI ! 'jIva aura loka kadApi nahIM thA, nahIM hai aura nahIM rahegA'aisI bAta nhiiN| ve nitya-anitya donoM haiN| dravya dRSTi se zAzvata haiN| paryAya yA bhAva dRSTi se ashaashvt|79 niSkarSa hai-jIva kA astitva, jIva kA svarUpa aura jIvotpatti kA Adi bindu sarvajJa dvArA bhI avaktavya hai| AtmA ko anAdi mAnane vAloM ke .24. -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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liye koI samasyA nahIM, na utpatti ke bAre meM socane kI apekSA hai| anAdi nahIM mAnA unake vicAra bhinna-bhinna haiN| vaijJAnika jagata meM jIva kA bIjANu kahAM se AyA? yaha prazna carcanIya hai| vaijJAnikoM ne khojA to pAyA ki DI.ena.e. Adi srota hai| isake udbhava ke sAtha hI jIvana kA udbhava huaa| jIva dravya (Protoplasm), jisake madhya bhAga meM kendraka (Nuclous) hotA hai, kendraka meM sthita guNa-sUtroM ko nirmita karane vAle mahA rasAyana DI.ena.e. (Deoxyribo Nucleuic Acid) meM nihita haiN| sabhI kriyAoM kA yaha niyAmaka hai| yaha amIbA se lekara AdamI taka sabakI kozikAoM meM vidyamAna hai| yahI paitRka saMskAroM kA saMvAhaka hai| vaijJAnika avadhAraNA se pRthvI ke vAyumaMDala meM jaise-jaise parivartana AtA gayA vaise-vaise adhika vikasita jIvoM kA vikAsa hotA gyaa| ekakoSIya jIvoM meM se bahukoSIya jIva astitva meM aaye| amIbA ekakoSIya prANI hai| pahale amIbA kI utpatti huI phira uttarottara adhika vikasita jIvoM kA vikaas| isa krama se jIva-sRSTi kA nirmANa huaa| antataH araboM koSoM dvArA mAnava deha bnii| koSa cetanA kI prathama ikAI hai| proTIna, poTeziyama, kArbohAiDreTa, megneziyA, loha ke kSAra koSa ke rAsAyanika ghaTaka dravya haiN| phalataH caitanya vividha rAsAyanika prakriyAoM kA hI sarjana hai| DI.ena.e. ke nirmANa meM 'polI enjAima' kI apekSA hai| yahAM prazna hotA hai ki pahale DI.ena.e. huA yA enjAima ? vaijJAnikoM kA uttara hai ki donoM eka sAtha hue| kaise hue ? sNyogvsh| isakA koI pramANa nhiiN| __jar3a se cetana kI niSpatti kI mAnyatA rakhane vAle ke anusAra bhI AtmA rAsAyanika evaM bhautika zaktiyoM kA saMzliSTa samUha hai|80 rasAyanazAstrI sara henarI, raskI, haksale, jar3a-vijJAna ke pravaktA TiNDala, vargasAM, DArvina Adi vijJAnavid jIvAgama kI samasyA kA samAdhAna dene meM asaphala hI rahe haiN| jaina darzana kA apanA abhimata hai, vijJAna bhale emino esiDa, proTIna Adi banA degA kintu vaha eka prAthamika kozikA bhI banAne meM samartha nahIM hai| ataH cetanA anAdi hai| jaise koI kArakhAnA TelIvijana seTa utpanna karatA hai| vaha TI.vI. seTa kArya tabhI karegA jaba TelIvijana kendra se prasArita TelIvijana taraMga usameM praveza kregii| TI.vI. seTa, citra evaM dhvani ke dvArA usa seTa ko sajIva banAne vAlI vidyut cumbakIya taraMgoM kA jaise svataMtra astitva hai usI prakAra vividha jIva-sRSTi ke zarIra meM abhivyakta cetanA kA svataMtra astitva hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana - .25.

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harbarTa spensara ke anusAra-'jIva eka maulika tattva hai| vaha ajaivika tattva kI upaja nahIM hai aura na usakA ajIva tattva meM antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| ___ vaijJAnika jIvana kI abhivyakti yogya paristhiti, yoni ke sthAna kA abhiyojana kara sakatA hai| parakhanalI, kloniMga kA udAharaNa pratyakSa hai kintu jIva sRSTi ke deha kI racanA, sajIva bIja ke binA kevala rAsAyanika ghaTakoM se asaMbhava hai| ataH cetanA kI utpatti kA prazna nirAkaraNIya hai| AtmA kI vyutpatti Atman zabda aneka dhAtuoM se niSpanna hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke TIkAkAra ne 'atati-santataMgacchati zuddhi saMklezAtmaka pariNAmAntarANItyAtmA' arthAt jo vividha bhAvoM meM pariNata hotI hai, vaha AtmA hai|82 dravya saMgraha ke TIkAkAra ne AtmA zabda kI vistAra se paribhASA dI hai-'ata' dhAtuH sAtatya gamane'rthe vrtte| gamana zabde'nAtrajJAnaMbhaNyate 'sarvegatyArthA jJAnArthA iti vacanAt tena kAraNena yathA saMbhavaM jJAna-sukhAdi guNeSu A samantAt atati vartate yaH sa AtmA bhnnyte| athavA zubhAzubha manovacanakAya vyApArairyathAsaMbhavaM tIvramaMdAdirUpeNa A samantAdatati vartate yaH sa aatmaa| athavA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvye rAsamantAdatati vartate yaH sa AtmA / 83 arthAt ata dhAtu kA prayoga gamana artha meM hotA hai| yahAM gamana zabda jJAnArthaka hai kyoMki sabhI gatyarthaka dhAtueM jJAnArthaka hotI haiM, isaliye jJAna, sukhAdi guNoM meM samyak rUpa se vidyamAna rahanevAlA AtmA hai| athavA zubhAzubha rUpa mana-vacana-kAyA ke jo vyApAra haiM, unheM sampAdita kara yathAsaMbhava tIvra yA manda rUpa se jo vartatA hai, vaha AtmA hai| prakArAntara se yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvyaina tInoM dvArA jo paripUrNa vidyamAna hai vaha AtmA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne kaThopaniSad ke AdhAra para 'AtmA' zabda para likhA hai yadApnoti yadAdatte vissyaannih|| yaccAsyaH santato bhAvastasmAdAtmeti kiirtyte|| arthAt AtmA vahI hai jo saba jagaha vyApta hai| sabako apane meM dhAraNa karatA hai| viSayoM kA upabhoktA hai tathA niraMtara jisakI sattA vidyamAna rahatI hai| yahAM para 'ApM vyAptau' AG upasargapUrvaka 'dAJ dAne', 'ad-bhakSaNe' evaM 'ataH sAtatya gamane' Adi cAra dhAtuoM se AtmA zabda kI siddhi mAnI hai| mA hA - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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maharSi yAska ne bhvAdigaNIya ata-sAtatyagamane 4, evaM svAdigaNIya 'ApM vyAptau 5, dhAtu se niSpanna mAnA hai| 'AtmA atatervA AptervA 86 AtmA satata gatimAn evaM sarva vyApaka hotI hai| adAdigaNIya 'an prANaye'87 dhAtu se AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| aniti prANAn dhArayatIti AtmA8-jo prANoM ko dhAraNa kare vaha AtmA hai| atyate labhyate muktairityAtyA-jo mukta puruSoM dvArA prApta kiyA jAtA hai vaha AtmA hai'| (sAbhAra tulasI prajJA se uddhRta, pR. 315) / AtmA ke abhivacana __ jIva kI jitanI avasthAeM haiM, ve saba paryAya haiN| paryAya ke AdhAra para AtmavAcI aneka zabdoM kA jaina vAGmaya meM ullekha prApta hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM teIsa nAmoM kA nirUpaNa hai-90 'goyamA ! aNegA abhivayaNA pannattA, taMjahA-jIve tivA, jIvatthikAye ti vA, pANe ti vA, bhUe ti vA, satte ti vA, vinnu ti vA, ceyA ti vA, jeyA ti vA, AyA ti vA, raMgaNA ti vA, hiMDue ti vA, poggale ti vA, mANave ti vA, kattA ti vA, vikattA ti vA, jae ti vA, jaMtu ti vA, joNI ti vA, saMyaMbhU ti vA, sazarIrI ti vA, nANae ti vA, aMtarappA ti vA, je yAvanne tahappagArA savve te jAva abhivynnaa|" ina abhivacanoM se jIva sambandhI aneka tathyoM kI avagati milatI hai| sabhI guNa saMpanna aura yathArtha nAma haiN| TIkA graMthoM meM jIva, prANa, sattva zarIrabhRt aura AtmA ko ekArthaka mAnA hai|" dhavalA meM AtmA ko aneka nAmoM se abhihita kiyA hai12 - jIva, kartA, vaktA, prANI, bhoktA, pudgala, vettA, viSNu, svayaMbhU, zarIrI, mAnava, saktA, jantu, mAnI, mAyAvI, yoga sahita, kSaitrajJa aadi| jaina darzana kI taraha purANa, vedAnta, upaniSad Adi tathA anya bhASAoM meM bhI AtmA ke paryAyavAcI nAmoM kA ullekha hai| mahApurANa meM varNita-jIva, prANI, jantu, kSaitrajJa, puruSa, pumAn, AtmA, antarAtmA, jJa aura jJAnI Adi bhI samAna artha ke dyotaka haiN|93 advaita vedAnta meM AtmA eka maulika tattva hai| ise anubhava, jJAna, citta aura saMvitta nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana 20.

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anubhavaH - pratyeka vyakti ko anubhava hotA hai| 'maiM hUM' maiM kAlA hUM, yA gorA huuN| maiM jJAtA huuN| maiM socatA huuN| isase AtmA kA sahaja bodha hotA hai| jJAna:- yaha jJAna aura jJAtA svarUpa hai, isaliye AtmA ko jJAna kahA hai| jJAna se jJAtA, dRSTi se draSTA abhinna hotA hai / jJeya padArtha ke AvirbhUta hone para jJAna hI jJAtA rUpa meM bana jAtA hai / cittaH - dainika jIvana kI tIna avasthAeM haiM- jAgRta, svapna, suSupta / ina tInoM avasthAoM meM AtmA kI upasthiti banI rahatI hai| vahI AtmA kA rUpa hai| AtmA cetanA svarUpa hone se use 'citta' kahA hai| saMvittaH - AtmA sva prakAzya hai / brahma se abhinna hai, isaliye use saMvitta kahA hai| isa prakAra upaniSadoM meM bhI AtmA ke kaI paryAya upalabdha haiN| jaise'chAndogyopaniSad meM AtmA zabda ke liye, sutejA, vaizvAnara (5.12 / 1), vizvarUpa (5|13|1), satya ( 6 87, 6|9|4), mana (7|3|1), citta (7|5|2), brahma, amRta (8|14|1) Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM AkAza (1/7/1, 2/2/1), yoga (2|4|1), AnaMda (2|5|1), bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM brahma (2|4|6, 19), puruSa (2/5/14), AkAza (3|2|13), antaryAmI, amRta (3/7/3), prAjJa ( 4/3/21 ), avinAzI (4|5|14) / ' ( sAbhAra tulasI prajJA se uddhRta, pR. 316) / zvetAzvataropaniSad meM ananta, vizvarUpa, akartA (19), sarvavyApI (1 / 16) Adi zabdoM se abhihita kiyA hai| upaniSadoM meM jIva ko vaiyaktika AtmA (Individual Self) tathA AtmA ko parama AtmA (Supreme Self) ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| jo eka hI zarIra kI hRdaya guhA meM nivAsa karatI hai| Rgveda" meM mana, AtmA evaM 'asu' zabda kA prayoga cetana tattva ke liye kiyA hai| abhidhAna ciMtAmaNI 96 zabda koza meM AtmA ke liye kSaitrajJa 'AtmA' puruSa, cetana zabda tathA jIva ke liye bhavi, jIva, asumAn, sattva, dehabhRt, nyu, jaMtu Adi kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| 17 sthAnAMga meM prANa, bhUta, jIva evaM sattva zabdoM kI saMgati jIva artha meM milatI hai| vyavahAra meM bhI paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| prANI, bhUta, jIva, sattva, cetanA, jJAnI, puruSa aadi| inakI niyukti se bhinna artha - paryAyoM * 28 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kA bodha hotA hai| jIva ke jitane bhI abhivacana haiM unameM artha bhinnatA milegii| samabhirUr3ha naya kI apekSA koI bhI zabda kisI zabda kA paryAyavAcI nahIM bntaa| anya bhASAoM meM urdU meM rUha, aMgrejI meM sola, spiriTa-ye azarIrI cetana ke liye haiN| . sazarIrI ke liye kAyanAta, selpha, liviMga, viMga, manas Adi paryAya haiN| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne jIva ko prabhu, kartA, bhoktA, svadeha parimANa, karma yukta batAyA hai| utthAna-patana kA jIva svayaM uttaradAyI hai| usake liye kisI bAharI vyavasthA, vyavasthApaka yA niyAmaka kI apekSA nhiiN| 'baMdhappamokkho tujjha ajjhattheva', AcArAMga kA yaha sUkta Atma kartRtva ko hI spaSTa karatA hai| karmavAda kA siddhAnta Atma kartRtva kA siddhAnta hai| kartA rUpa meM AtmA kA svarUpa nissaMdeha hai kyoMki vaha apane aupazamika, kSAyopazamika, kSAyika, audayika, pAriNAmika Adi vyaktvi nirmAtA tathA tadrUpa bhAvoM kA kartA hai| kartA ke sAtha bhoktA 9 bhI hai| sukhaduHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| svadeha parimANa hai|100 vaijJAnika kSetra meM AtmA ke svataMtra astitva para kAphI ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| prAcInakAla meM vijJAna kA artha bhUgola yA gaNita taka hI sImita thaa| satarahavIM sadI se prAkRtika vijJAna sAmane aayaa| rAsAyanika vijJAna, bhautika vijJAna isI meM samAhita ho gye| naye-naye AviSkAroM se vijJAna kI paridhi bar3hatI gii| bhautikI vijJAna se haTakara jaivikI vijJAna kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa huaa| sthUla se sUkSma kI ora kucha vaijJAnikoM ne prasthAna kiyaa| aMtataH svAnubhUti se isa nirNaya para pahuMce ki jar3a se bhinna eka aisI mahAsattA hai jo sAre vizva meM kArya kara rahI hai| mahAn vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ne kahA- mujhe vizvAsa hone lagA hai, cetana sattA adRzya jagat kI sUkSma kintu mahAn zaktizAlI sattA hai| The Teachers and founders of the religion have all tought and many Philosophers ancient and modern, western and eastern have percieved that this unknown and unknowable is our very self. harTa spensara-arthAt guru, dharmaguru, dArzanika prAcIna ho yA AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana .29.

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arvAcIna, pAzcAtya ho yA paurvAtya, sabane anubhava kiyA hai ki vaha ajJAta yA ajJeya tattva ve svayaM hI haiN|101 bhautika vijJAnI, zarIra vijJAnI, manovijJAnI AtmA ke astitva kA pratipAdana anubhUtiyoM ke AdhAra para kara rahe haiN| jIva ke astitva kA jahAM savAla hai vahAM vijJAna aura darzana eka bindu para khar3e dikhAI dete haiN| yAnI vijJAna kA jhukAva bhI AtmavAda kI ora ho rahA hai| jaina darzana meM astitva siddhi ke Thosa AdhAra aggaya, agamohara aura darzana sAhitya meM Atma- siddhi ke pramANa pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha haiN| arhatoM kI vANI Agama hai| samasta jaina Agama aMga, upAMga, mUla, cheda-aise cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| aMgoM meM pahalA aMga hai-AcArAMga / AcArAMga kA prAraMbha hI Atma-jijJAsA se hotA hai| jaisevedAnta kA mUla sUtra hai-'athAto brahma jijnyaasaa|' yaha Atma sattA kA mUla sUtra hai| isI prakAra upAMga, mUla, cheda, TIkA, cUrNi, prakIrNaka, bhASya, niyukti Adi meM jIva se sambandhita pracura sAmagrI hai| sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA se astitva kI siddhi hotI hai| saMvedanA kA sambandha kevala zarIra se nahIM, antara anubhUti se hai| ataH zarIra aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kA bodha hotA hai| ___ manuSya ke zarIra meM prANa-apAna kA saMcAra, zvAsa-prazvAsa kA spaMdana, AMkhoM kI palakoM kA giranA-uThanA, dehajanya ghAvoM kA bharanA, icchAnusAra mana ko kriyA meM pravRtta karanA, priya vastu meM utsukatA, prayatna Adi AtmA ke svataMtra astitva ke sUcaka haiN| sote-jAgate pratyeka avasthA meM 'aham' pratyaya kA bodha bhI pRthak astitva ko sUcita karatA hai| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se AtmA kA astitva svIkAra karanA hotA hai| anyathA uttama puruSa (First Person) ke sthAna para anya puruSa yA madhya puruSavAcaka zabdoM kA prayoga bhI saMbhava hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. yathA cikitsA zAstraM caturmyaham rogA, rogahetuH, Arogya, bhaissjymiti| evamidamapi zAstraM cturmyhm| tadyathA-saMsAraH, saMsAra hetuH, mokSo, mokSopAyaH / iti vyAsa bhASya 2 / 15 / .30 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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2. AcArAMga 1 / 1 / 1 / 3. carpaTamaMjarikA, AcArya shNkr| 4. mu.ni. 1 / 13 / kasminnu bhagavo vijJAte sarvamidaM vijJAtaM bhvti| 5. ka.ni. 1 / 20 / ye yaM prete vicikitsA manuSye astIti eke naaymstiiti| 6. bhagavatI 1 / 10 / 7. pAzcAtya Adhunika darzana kI samIkSAtka vyAkhyA kA viSaya praveza, pR.1| 8. grIka evaM madhyayugIna darzanoM kA ciMtana 1 / 2 / 9. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, bhAratIya darzana, bhA.1 pR.21| 10. AyAro 1 / 5 / je AyAvAI, loyAvAI, kammAvAI, kriyaavaaii| 11. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa; pUrva pIThikA pR.8| 12. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad, a.1 brA.4 zlo. 7-8 / 13. praznopaniSad, prazna 4 zlo. 9 / 14. kaThopaniSad, a. 1 vallI 2 zlo. 18 / 15. vahI 1 / 2 / 23 / 16. zvetAzvataropaniSad, a.5 shlo.7| 17. brahma bindu.u., pR.11| 18. yenAhaM na amRtAM syAm kimahaM tena kuryAm ? vR.ra. u. 2 / 4 / 3 / 19. AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyAsitavyo maitreyyAtmano vA are darzanena, zravaNena, matyA vijJAnenedaM sarvaM viditam, vR. u., 2 / 4 / 5 / 20. AcArAMga sUtra, 1 / 1 / 4 / 21. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, pR. 483 / 22. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 183; AcArAMga, 5/60 / 23. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, pR. 483 / 24. kArtikayAnuprekSA 178 / 25. sarvArtha siddhi 5 / 19, pR. 288 26. tattvArtha vArtika 5 / 19 / 38, pR. 473 / 27. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gaNadharavAda, gA. 1556 / 28. vahI, bhA. gA. 1557 / 29. syAdvAda maMjarIkArikA 17, pR. 174 / AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana 31.

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30. vhii| 31. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA. 1568 / 32. AyAro 5 / 139 / 33. zvetAzvatara upa., a.1 maM.3 pramANAntara agocare vastuni prakArAntaram apazyataH dhyAnayoga anugamena parama mUla kAraNaM svayameva pratipedire | 34. yato vAcA nivartante aprApya manasA sh| te. u. 2 / 4 / 1 / 35. kenopaniSad 1 / 3 / 36. nyAya bhASya 1 / 1 / 6 / , nyAya maMjarI 141 / 142 / 37. tattvArtha vArtika 2 / 8 / 18, pR. 121 / 38. bhAratIya darzana, bhA.2 pR. 692 / DaoN. raadhaakRssnnn| 39. kauSItakI u. 4 / 20 / 40. kauSItakI u. 35 / 4 / 20 / eSa prajJAtmA idaM shriirmnuprvissttH| 41. vRhadAraNyaka u. 5/6 / 42. kaThopa. u. 2 / 12 / 43. chAndogya u. 5 / 18 / 1 / 44. maitryupaniSad, kaThopa. u. 1 / 2 / 20 / chAndogya u. 3 / 14 / 3 / zvetA. 3 / 20 / 45. taittirIya u. 1 / 4 / 46. tarka bhASA pR. 42 / 47. tattvArtha zloka vArtika pR. 409, rAjapraznIya sUtra 152 / 48. syAdvAda maMjarI pR. 69 aSTasTasya sarvagatatva sAdhane prmaannaabhaavaat| 49. vahI, pR. 69 / 50. (ka) prameya kamala mArtaNDa pR. 570 / 571 / (kha) prameyaratna mAlA pR. 292 / (ga) jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. 226 / 51. syAdvAda maMjarI 9 // 52. kArtikayAnuprekSA 177/ 53. nyAya kumuda candra pR. 264 / 266 / 54. prameya kamala mArtaNDa pR. 571 / 55. dravya saMgraha 2 // 56. Adi purANa 24.92, 393 / 57. uttara purANa 67 / 5 / .32 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anazIlana

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58. jJAnArNava 6 / 17 / 59. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 20 / 37 / 60. zrAvakAcAra 'amitagati' 4 / 46/ 61. kArtikayAnuprekSA 178 / 62. pravacana sAra 1 / 27/ 63. uvaoga lakkhaNeNaM jiive| bh.13|4|480| 64. guNao uvaoga guNo ThA. 5 / 3 / 530 / 65. jIvo uvaoga lakkhaNo uttarA. 28 / 10 / 66. ni. cUrNi 3332 / yatrAtmA tatropayogaH yatropayoga stnnaatmaa| 67. upayujyate vastu paricchedaM vyaaprytejiivo'nenetyupyogH| 68. navapadArtha pR. 66 ajIva padArtha ttippnnii| 69. vizva tattva prakAza, pR. 174 / 70. vahI, pR. 175 / 71. taittirIyopaniSad bhRguvallI 3 / 10 / 72. kaThopaniSad 3 / 13 / 73. mA.u. 7/ 74. bhaga. za. 12 u. 10 / 75. adhyAtma tattvAloka pR. 20 / 76. pAzcAtya dArzana, sI.DI. shrmaa| 77. sarvArtha siddhi 2 / 10 / 165/ 78. bhagavatI. za. 18 u. 10 / gA. 219 / 79. bha. za. 9 u. 33 / 231-233 / 80. vaidika vicAradhArA kA vaijJAnika aadhaar| 81. hisTrI oNpha philosophI, pR. 551) 82. saMskRta dhAtu koSa, pR. 6 83. vahI pRsstth| 84. nirUkta (yAsyakRta) 3 / 15 / 85. saMskRta dhAtu koSa pR. 6 / 86. kaThopaniSad 2 / 1 / 1 / zaMkarakRta bhASya meN| 87. prameya ratnAvalI 17/ AtmA kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi : astitva kA mUlyAMkana

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88. uttarAdhyayana zAntyAcArya TIkA patra 52 / 89. dravya saMgraha gA. 57 para brahmadeva kRta saMskRta ttiikaa| 90. bhaga. 20 / 17 / 91. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi 1 pR. 31 navIna karma graMtha TIkA pR. 2 aura 112 / 92. dhavalA 1 / 1 / 2, 81-82, 118 / 119/ 93. mahApurANa 24|103 / 94. vizvadarzana kI rUparekhA, pra. khaMDa pR. 110 / 95. bhAratIya darzana kA itihAsa (dAsa guptA) pR. 26 / 96. abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi (kANDa6) zlo. 2 / 3 / 97. sthAnAMga sthAna 4 prANaH dvi tri catuH proktAH bhUtAstu tattvaH smRtaaH| jIvAH paMcendriyAjJeyAH.zeSAH sattvAH udiiritaa| 98. samayasAra (Atma khyAti) gA. 50-55 / 99. uttarAdhyayana sUtra a. 20 gA. 37 / 100. paMcAstikAya, gA. 33 / 101. harvarTa spensr| .34H - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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OGOU GRUPU GOGOU OGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHO dvitIya adhyAya AtmA kA svarUpa: jaina darzana kI samIkSA * bauddha darzana-jaina dRSTikoNa * sAMkhya darzana-jaina darzana * mImAMsA darzana-jaina darzana * advaita vedAnta-jaina darzana * aupaniSadika ciMtana-jaina darzana * cArvAka evaM jaina darzana * dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda, AstikavAdI darzana UITUIGUIUIUIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIO OGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGZO

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AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA astitva-bodha ke bAda, AtmA ke svarUpa kA prazna uThatA hai| jaba hama kisI viSaya kA vimarza karate haiM to astitva kA prazna ahaMbhUmikA para hotA hai| dUsare naMbara para svarUpa kI carcA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa ko bhAratIya manISiyoM ne vividha rUpoM se spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai kyoMki AtmA ke astitva aura svarUpa kA jJAtA hI AtmavAdI ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana ne AtmA ke lakSaNa aura svarUpa kI abhivyakti meM vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika-donoM dRSTiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai AtmA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta hai| AtmA kA astitva dhruva hai| "se Na chijjai, Na bhijjai, Na ujjhai, Na ddmmi|"1 AtmA kisI ke dvArA na chedA jAtA hai, na bhedA jAtA hai, na jalAyA jAtA hai, na mArA jAtA hai| AcArAMga cUrNi meM-"savve sarA NiyaTuMti, takkA jattha Na vijI, maI tattha Na gaahiyaa|"2 zabda ke dvArA AtmA pratipAdya nahIM hai, tarkagamya nahIM hai aura mati ke dvArA grAhya nahIM hai| yahAM svara ke sthAna para pravAda zabda prayukta hai| sabhI pravAda vahAM se lauTa Ate haiN| AtmA taka nahIM pahuMca paate| amUrta AtmA zabdoM, tarkoM kA viSaya nahIM bntaa| ___ 'taM paDucca paDisaMkhAe' jJAna ke pariNAma utpanna aura vilaya hote haiN| jJAna kI vividha pariNatiyoM kI apekSA AtmA kA vyapadeza hotA hai| yadi jJAna aura AtmA kA abheda sammata hai to phira jJAna kI anekatA se AtmA kI bhI anekatA ho jAyegI kyoMki jJAna ke anaMta paryava haiN| isa jijJAsA ko samAhita karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM-yaha AtmA jisajisa jJAna meM pariNata hotI hai vaha vaisI hI bana jAtI hai| isaliye AtmA usa jJAna kI apekSA vyapadiSTa hotI hai| bhedAtmaka dRSTi se AtmA sAdhya hai, jJAna sAdhana hai| abhedAtmaka vyAkhyA meM vijJAtA aura AtmA kA ekatva hai| AtmA ke niSedhAtmaka aura vidheyAtmaka donoM svarUpa jJeya nahIM haiN| prazna uThatA hai, phira AtmA ko kaise jAneM ? isakA uttara AcArAMga de rahA hai-'uvamA AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA

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Na vijjaI' AtmA ke liye koI upamA nahIM jisase svarUpa batAyA jA ske| sUtrakAra kahate haiM- AtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai, na vRtta.hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaMDala hai| vaha zarIramAn nahIM, janma dharmA nahIM, lepayukta nahIM, strI nahIM, napuMsaka nhiiN| vaha jJAtA ke svarUpa meM avasthita hai| vaha amUrta hai| sUkSmatama hai| vaha parijJa hai| padAtIta hai| indriyoM kA viSayabhUta jagat tIna AyAmI- UMcA, nIcA, tirachA hai| AtmA sabhI AyAmoM se atIta hai| _ 'pariNe saNNe'" vaha parijJa hai, sarvataH caitanya hai| sAdhAraNa manuSya indriyoM ke eka bhAga se jAnatA hai, kintu nirAvaraNa AtmA sarvatobhAva se jAnatA hai| 'je AyA se viNNAyA, je viNNAyA se AyA'6 jo AtmA hai vaha jJAtA hai, jo jJAtA hai vaha AtmA hai| jisa sAdhana se AtmA jAnatI hai vaha jJAna AtmA hai| AtmA dravya hai, jJAna usakA guNa hai| dravya se guNa bhinna hai yA abhinna ? isa jijJAsA kA samAdhAna sUtrakAra ke zabdoM meM- jo AtmA hai vaha vijJAtA hai| isakA Azaya, AtmA jJAnazUnya nahIM hai| cUrNikAra kA abhimata bhI yahI hai ki koI bhI AtmA jJAna-vijJAna se rahita nahIM hai| jaise uSNatA se rahita agni kA astitva nahIM hai| bhagavatI kA saMvAda isakA sAkSya hai| gautama ne pUchA- bhaMte ? AtmA jIva hai athavA caitanya jIva hai ? mahAvIra-gautama! AtmA niyamataH jIva hai| caitanya bhI niyamataH jIva hai| jisa sAdhana se AtmA jAnatI hai vaha jJAna bhI jIva hai| bhagavatI meM likhA hai- AtmA anAdi-nidhana, avinAzI, akSaya, dhruva, nitya hai| uttarAdhyayana meM-'no iMdiyagejjha amutta bhaavaa'| 'natthi jIvassa nAsutti' uttarAdhyayana kA sUtra AtmA ke amaratva kA sUcaka hai| jIva kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| dazavakAlika niyukti meM-'Nicco aviNAsI sAsaojIvo'' AtmA nitya, avinAzI aura zAzvata hai| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke pratipAdaka jo sUtra haiM, unakA ina sUtroM se kAphI sAmya hai| upaniSad meM brahmA ke Ananda vijJAna ke viSaya meM aisA hI nirUpaNa hai yato vAcA nivartante, aprApya manasA sh| Ananda brahmaNo vidvAn, na vibheti kdaacn||10 arthAta jahAM se mana aura vANI use pAye binA hI lauTa Ate haiM. usa brahmAnaMda ko jAnane vAlA puruSa kabhI bhaya ko prApta nahIM hotaa| - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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"naiva vAcA na manasA prAptuM zakyo na cakSuSA 11 "naiSA tarkeNamati rApaneyA'12 "na tatra cakSurgacchati na vAg gacchati no manaH13 "naiSa strI na pumAneSa na caivAyaM napuMsakaH"14 AcArAMga meM aisA hI samAnArthaka sUtra hai- Na itthI na purise Na asmhaa|" yahAM vyatireka paddhati kA Alambana liyA hai| AtmA kA svarUpa satya, jJAna, Anandamaya hai| AcArAMga aura upaniSad mAno donoM eka rekhA para cala rahe haiN| satya svarUpa- tatsatyaM sa AtmA16, stymaatmaanm|17 etatsatyaM brahmapuram 18, satyaM brahmeti, satyaM hyeva brhm|'' prazna vyAkaraNa meM bhI satya ko hI bhagavAna kahA hai (saccaM bhyvN)| Ananda svarUpa-vijJAnamAnandaM brahma0, Ananda aatmaa| Anando brahmeti vyajAnAt 22 jJAna svarUpa- prajJAna ghana ev|23 isakA pratipAdya yaha hai- AtmA bhI jIva hai| caitanya bhI jIva hai| jisa sAdhana se AtmA jAnatI hai vaha jJAna bhI AtmA hai| upaniSad AtmA ke svarUpa ko aneka pramANoM se udghATita karate haiMna jAyate-mriyate vA vipazcit, nAyaM kutazcit na babhUva kshcit| ajo nityaH zAzvato'yaM purANo, na hanyate hanyamAne shriire|24 arthAta na kisI anya kAraNa se utpanna huA hai aura na svataH hI banA hai| yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai| tathA zarIra ke mAre jAne para bhI svayaM nahIM mrtaa| gItA meM isakA vistAra se varNana hai|25 chAndogyopaniSad meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa eka vArtAlApa ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| surendra indra aura asurendra virocana-donoM prajApati ke pAsa upasthita hue| Atma-jJAna ke liye jijJAsA vyakta kii| prajApati ne kahA- prathama 32 varSoM taka sAdhanA karanI hogI taba kahIM tumheM samAdhAna milegaa| Adeza kI kriyAnviti huii| avadhi samApta hote hI punaH upasthita hue| AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA - *39.

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prajApati- - eka-dUsare kI A~khoM meM, pAnI meM tathA darpaNa meM dekhane se jo kucha dikhAI degA, vahI AtmA hai / isa samAdhAna se virocana samAhita ho gayA kintu indra kA mana AzaMkAoM se bhara utthaa| mana meM socA, AMkha Adi meM dekhane se jo zarIra kA pratibimba par3atA hai| zarIra meM kucha kamI hogI to kyA AtmA meM nahIM hogI ? yadi zarIra naSTa huA to AtmA bhI naSTa ho jAyegI ? yaha prazna bAra-bAra antarmana ko kureda rahA thA / punaH AzaMkA vyakta kI / prajAH- jo svapnoM meM vicaraNa karatA hai, vaha AtmA hai / indra kA mana phira bhI Azvasta nahIM huaa| kyoMki svapnoM meM viharaNa karane vAlA zarIra kI kamiyoM se bhale prabhAvita na ho para svapnoM kA asara avazya hogA / prajApati ne tIsarI bAra samAhita karate hue kahA- jo svapnarahita gaharI nIMda kA Ananda letA hai vahI AtmA hai| yaha paribhASA bhI indra ko mAnya nahIM huI / kAraNa- gaharI nIMda aisI sthiti hai, jisameM vaha na kucha dekha sakatA hai, na anubhUti kara sakatA hai| yaha zUnyatA kI sthiti hai| pravRtti mAtra isameM baMda rahatI hai / indra kI jijJAsA zAMta nahIM ho skii| prajApati indra kI jijJAsA evaM yogyatA se kAphI prabhAvita the / antataH uttara diyA- zarIra, svapna meM viharaNa karane vAlA, gaharI nIMda kA AnaMda lene vAlA, inameM se koI bhI AtmA nahIM hai| AtmA, jAgRti, svapna aura suSupti kA AdhAra avazya hai, kintu inase pare hai vahI AtmA hai / yaha sabase bar3A viSayI hai jo kabhI viSaya nahIM banatA / indra kI taraha na jAne kitane ciMtakoM ke mana ko isa prazna ne Andolita evaM taraMgita kiyA hai| phalataH anusaMdhAna huA / niSkarSa sAmane AyA ki annamaya AtmA, jise zarIra kahate haiM, ratha ke samAna hai| usakA saMcAlaka rathI hI vAstavika AtmA hai / 26 isase vidita ho gayA ki AtmA aura zarIra donoM bhinna-bhinna tattva haiN| AtmA prakAza rUpa hai / jyoti svarUpa hai / 27 nitya hai / cinmAtra hai| jaina darzana ke samAna hI kaThopaniSad ", mANDUkyopaniSaddeg, vRhadAraNyakopaniSada31, brahmavighnopaniSad3, zvetAzvataropaniSad 24, subAlopaniSad 35, aura bhAgavata * jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana *40 muNDakopaniSad" kenopaniSad2, ,

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gItA 36 Adi meM bhI AtmA ko achedya, abhedya, akledya, ahantavya mAnA gayA hai / jaina darzana meM pratyeka vastu ko ananta dharmAtmaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usakA samagratA se sparza karane vAlA jJAna pramANa aura viSaya ke kisI ekAMza taka sImita rahane vAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| naya ko svataMtra rUpa se pramANa na kahakara pramANAMza kahA hai| naya do prakAra kA hai- nizcaya aura vyavahAra / AtmA ke svarUpa kA vivecana donoM nayoM se kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya naya se AtmA kA svarUpa haisvayaMbhU, dhruva, amUrtika, nirapekSa, ajara, amara, avinAzI, avyakta, acala, varNa-gaMdhAdi se mukta, svAzrita, sat-cit- Anandamaya, atIndriya, anAdinidhana | niyamasAra 37 samayasAra 38, iSTopadeza39, , , paramAtma-prakAza40. AtmAnuzAsana", tattvasAra" Adi meM jainAcAryoM ne AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA nizcaya naya se vivecana kiyA hai| vyavahAra naya se AtmA zubhAzubha karma kA kartA aura sukha-duHkhAdi phaloM bhoktA hai| AtmA eka svataMtra astittva hai| astikAya hai| asaMkhyAta caitanyamaya pradezoM ke saMghAta kA nAma AtmA hai| AtmA astikAya hai aura usake bhI pradeza haiN| mahAvIra kI yaha bilkula naI evaM maulika sthApanA hai| AtmA kA maulika svarUpa kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA / I dainika ghaTanAoM ke anvIkSaNa-parIkSaNa se yaha tathya aura jyAdA spaSTa ho jAtA hai| oNksIjana, hAiDrojana kA sammizraNa jala hai, vaha 0 / 100 DigrI tApamAna para vASpa banatA hai / atyadhika zaityatA meM megha banakara kArbana (Carbon), nAiTrojana (Nitrogen) Adi tattvoM se saMpRkta ho varSatA hai / phaloM ke madhura rasa meM pariNamana karatA hai| phala bhogya banakara zarIra meM rakta - majjA Adi sAta dhAtuoM meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai / usakA dravyatva surakSita hai| rUpAntarita hone para bhI dravyatva kA Atyantika vinAza nahIM, kevala abhidhAeM badalatI haiN| yaha padArtha kI mahattA kI abhivyaMjanA hai| isake asvIkAra se vizva - vyavasthA vighaTita ho jAtI hai| AtmA ke svarUpa sambandha meM anya dArzanikoM meM kucha matabheda haiN| ataH unake siddhAntoM kI mImAMsA aura samIkSA bhI kara lenA apekSita hai| mUla rUpa se chaha vicAradhArAoM kA astitva AcArya haribhadra ne mAnya kiyA hai- bauddha, AtmA kA svarUpa jaina darzana kI samIkSA 410

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nyAya, sAMkhya, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka aura jaina / 43 DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan ne nAmAntara se chaha darzanoM ko mAnyatA dI hai- nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrva mImAMsA, uttara mImAMsA / bauddha darzana kI avadhAraNA - jaina dRSTikoNa bauddha darzana meM AtmavAda kA siddhAMta kSaNikavAda yA anityavAda para TikA hai| kSaNikavAda ko bhI kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta, pratItya samutpAda ke dvArA siddha kiyA hai| kSaNikavAda ke anusAra pratyeka vastu kSaNika hai| AtmA ke astitva ko vastusatya nahIM, kAlpanika saMjJA mAtra mAnA hai| kSaNa-kSaNa meM vilaya aura utpAda hone vAle vijJAna evaM rUpa kA saMghAta, saMsAra yAtrA ke liye paryApta hai| inase pare AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| buddha ne apanI cintana praNAlI ke prAraMbha se hI tattva mImAMsIya praznoM ko avyAkRta ghoSita kara diyaa| bAraha praznoM kA samAdhAna asaMbhava tathA vyAvahArika dRSTi se vyartha smjhaa| jaise 1. kyA loka zAzvata hai ?, 2. kyA azAzvata hai ?, 3. kyA loka sAMta hai ?, 4 . kyA ananta hai ? 5. kyA AtmA zarIra eka haiM ?, 6. kyA AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai ?, 7. kyA mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata kA punarjanma hotA hai ?, 8. kyA punarjanma nahIM hotA hai ?, 9. kyA punarjanma honA, na honA- donoM bAteM asatya haiM ?, 10. prakRti kisa prakAra sthita hai ?, 11 AtmA nitya hai yA anitya ?, 12. Izvara hai yA nahIM ? vaccAgota ke ina praznoM para buddha mauna rhe| vaha apane sthAna para lauTa gayA / Ananda ne pUchA-prabho! Apane vaccAgota ke praznoM kA uttara kyoM nahIM diyA ? buddha ne kahA- AnaMda ! mauna rahane kA kAraNa thA / 'AtmA hai' kahane se zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ke siddhAMta ko bala milatA loga zAzvatavAdI bana jAte / yadi kahUM ki 'AtmA nahIM hai|' to ucchedavAda kA samarthana hotA hai| donoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke liye mauna rahA / buddha madhyamamArga ke samarthaka rahe haiN| ekAnta zAzvatavAda yA ekAMta ucchedavAda unheM mAnya nahIM thA / ye donoM do chora haiN| isaliye avyAkRta kahakara apane ko alaga rkhaa| AtmA ke zAzvata svarUpa ke viSaya meM buddha sarvatra mauna parilakSita hote haiM / 44 AtmA ko kevala zarIra ghaTaka dhAtuoM kA samuccaya mAtra mAnA hai| isase bhinna AtmA kI koI paramArtha sattA nahIM hai / jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 42

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anAtmavAda ko siddha karane vAlA eka prasaMga ullekhanIya hai| agniveza gotrI saccaka sAdhu ne tathAgata se pUchA-Apa ziSyoM ko kisa prakAra kI zikSA dete haiM ? tathAgata-maiM rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra, vijJAna, anitya duHkha aura anAtma kI zikSA detA huuN| pratItya samutpAda meM kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAMta ko vizleSita karate hue kahA- sabhI vastueM parivartana dharmA haiN| anitya haiN| AtmA bhI anitya hai| kAraNa kI sattA para kArya kA astitva hai| yadi kAraNa kI paramparA kA nirodha kara diyA jAye to apane-Apa calane vAlI mazIna kI taraha kArya svataH nirodha ho jaayegaa| mUla kAraNa hai- avidyA / yahI duHkha kI janaka hai| avidyA se saMskAroM kI utpatti hotI hai| saMskAroM se cetanA kA, cetanA se nAma-rUpa, nAma-rUpa se pAMca indriya aura mana, inase saMparka, saMparka se saMvedanA, saMvedanA se utkaTa abhilASA, tRSNA se Asakti, Asakti se kriyamANatA tathA usase janma, jarA, mRtyu, zoka, rudana, duHkha, viSAda, nirAzA Adi utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra avidyA samasta duHkha samuccaya kI nidAna hai| avidyA kA vinAza, duHkha samuccaya kA vinAza hai|45 samIkSA buddha ne mAnasika anubhava tathA vibhinna pravRttiyoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai kintu AtmA ko rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra tathA vijJAna-ina pAMca skaMdhoM se bhinna padArtha nahIM maanaa| AtmA eka pravAha hai| pravAha kaisA ? nadI aura dIpaka ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA hai| pAzcAtya yUnAnI darzanika 'hereklAiTsa' (Hereclitus) ne kahA-hama kisI nadI meM do bAra nahIM utara skte| kAraNa-dhArA satat gatimAna hai| jisa pAnI meM paira rakhA, vaha Age nikala gyaa| yaha kahanA galata hogA ki jisa pAnI meM paira rakhA usI meM paira rakha rahe haiN| pAnI vaha nahIM, hameM kevala bhrama hotA hai| dIpaka kI jyoti zikhA meM bhI aisA hI pratibhAsita hotA hai| eka kSaNa meM pUrva lau kA vilaya, uttara kA AvirbhAva hai| hameM kucha pratIta nahIM hotA kintu hara lau meM bhinnatA hai| manuSya ke zarIra meM jo pravAha hai, vahI AtmA hai| hara eka vyakti meM nAma, rUpa, mana aura zarIra haiN| zarIra sthAyI padArtha nahIM, vaise mana bhii| vicAra evaM avasthAoM meM hone vAle parivartana hameM AkRSTa karate haiM, kucha samaya bAda vilupta ho jAte haiN| anubhava hotA hai, koI sthira AtmA hai jo avasthAoM ko bAMdhakara rakhatI hai| yaha dhAraNA yuktiyukta nahIM hai| AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA

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1. bauddha AtmA ko anitya mAnate haiM / aisI sthiti meM karmavAda kA siddhAMta kaise TikegA? kartA - bhoktA meM antara hogaa| akRtAgama, kRtapraNAza doSoM se baca nahIM skte| isa tarka kA bauddhoM ne isa prakAra samAdhAna diyaa| karmavAda tIna janmoM ke parivartana ko mAnatA hai / pUrvajanma se vartamAna, vartamAna se bhaviSya prabhAvita hotA hai| isaliye atIta ke saMcita karma vartamAna meM, vartamAna janma ke karma bhaviSya meM, bhoga ho jAte haiN| parivartana mAtra mRtyu ke kAraNa nahIM, vaha to niraMtara cAlU hai / jaise pUrva kSaNa se uttara kSaNa sambandhita hai, vaise hI pUrvajanma se uttara janma kA sambandha hai / 2. AtmA anitya hai to pratyabhijJA kaise saMbhava hogI ? bauddhoM kA mAnanA hai ki atIta aura vartamAna donoM jJAnoM ke bIca ekAkAratA nahIM, samAnatA hai| samAnatA ke kAraNa pUrva jJAna ko uttara jJAna meM adhyAropita kara dete haiN| 3. bauddha, jagat ke samasta padArthoM ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, isase to vyavahAra aura paramArtha- donoM kI siddhi nahIM kI jA sakatI / 46 vastuoM ke kSaNika hone se kisI kSaNa kI kriyA phala diye binA hI atIta ke garbha meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| isase kRta praNAza Adi doSa Ate haiM / 47 jaba prANiyoM ke uttaradAyitva kA hI abhAva hai taba saMsAra kI utpatti kaise siddha mAnI jAye ? mokSa ke siddhAMta kI bhI hAni hotI hai / nimitta aura naimettika sambandha bhI nahIM bntaa| hiMsya-hiMsaka, hiMsA, hiMsAphala kA AdhAra kyA ? 48 smRti aura pratyabhijJA bhI asaMbhava hai / jisa pUrva kSaNa meM padArtha kA anubhava kiyA, vaha naSTa ho gayA / uttara kSaNa, jisane padArtha ko nahIM dekhA, usakI saMskAra ke abhAva meM smRti nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki saMskAroM kA udbodhana hI smRti kahalAtI hai| smRti ke abhAva meM pratyabhijJAna kA astitva nhiiN| pratyabhijJAna smRti aura anubhavapUrvaka hI hotA hai / 49 smRti bhaMga bhI kSaNikavAda ke nirasana ke liye vyAvahArika pramANa hai| padArtha kA smaraNa vahI kara sakatA hai jisane usakA anubhava kiyA hai| laukika tathA zAstrIya-donoM dRSTiyoM se kSaNikavAda tarka kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utrtaa| AtmA ko sthAyI sattA nahIM, balki kSaNa sthAyI mAnasika avasthAoM eka krama hai / kintu kSaNika avasthAoM ke astitva mAtra se koI krama nahIM taa| binA sUtra ke phUloM kI mAlA banAnA saMbhava nahIM / jisameM artha kriyA ho * 44 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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vaha vastu hai| kSaNika AtmA meM krama evaM akrama-kisI prakAra kI artha kriyA ghaTita nahIM hotii| ina saba doSoM kA parihAra karane ke liye bauddhoM ne vAsanA ko mahattva diyaa| pUrva jJAna se uttara jJAna meM utpanna zakti ko vAsanA kahate hai|50 vAsanA kA kSaNa saMtati ke sAtha-sAtha ThIka sambandha nahIM baitthtaa| sthAyI AdhAra binA vaha saMkramaNazIlatA kaise siddha mAnI jAye? kaunasA padArtha AdhArabhUta banegA? aisI sthiti meM vAsanA kI kalpanA anAtmavAda ko dArzanika truTi se bacA nahIM sktii| jaina darzana ko utpatti aura vinAza-donoM meM anvaya rUpa se rahane vAle Atma dravya kI sattA svIkArya hai| nyAya-vaizeSika aura jainaH bhAratIya darzana paramparA meM cAra pramukha vicAradhArAeM hai1. cArvAka darzana meM AtmA aura zarIra eka haiN| 2. bauddhamata ke anusAra AtmA vijJAnoM kA pravAha hai| 3. advaita vedAnta mata meM AtmA eka hai, nitya hai, sva prakAza-caitanya svarUpa hai| 4. viziSTAdvaitavAda ke AdhAra para AtmA kevala caitanya nahIM, balki eka jJAtA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika kA dRSTikoNa vastuvAdI hai| inake anusAra AtmA eka dravya hai| buddhi, sukha, duHkha, rAga-dveSa, prayatna, icchA usake viziSTa guNa haiN|51 AtmA zarIra se bhinna svataMtra dravya hai|52 mukti meM zarIra kA abhAva hai ataH Agantuka caitanya guNa kA muktAtmA meM abhAva hotA hai|53 / / vaizeSika sUtra meM AtmA kA astitva anumAna pramANa se siddha hai| prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, sukha-duHkha, icchA, prayatna Adi ko AtmA kA liMga kahA hai, isI se AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai|4 zarIra kI taraha indriya bhI AtmA nahIM hai| kalpanA, smRti, vicAra Adi mAnasika vyApAra indriyoM ke kArya nahIM haiN| mana bhI AtmA nahIM hai isaliye ki mana aNu hai, apratyakSa hai| mana AtmA ho to sukha-duHkhAAda bhI mana ke hI guNa hoMge, apratyakSa bhii| jabaki sukha-duHkha kI hameM pratyakSa anubhUti hotI hai| advaitavAdiyoM ne AtmA ko sva prakAza-caitanya mAnA hai| naiyAyika isase sahamata nhiiN| unakA mata hai caitanya ke liye koI Azraya rUpa dravya honA caahiye| AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA 45.

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nyAya sUtroM meM bAraha prameyoM kI carcA hai| AtmA ko prameya rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA avasthA vizeSa se heyopAdeya bhI hai| jaba AtmA sukha-duHkha kA bhoktA hotI hai taba heya hai| sukha-duHkhAdi ke bhoga se rahita nirupAdhika avasthA meM upAdeya hai| AtmA jar3a hai| caitanya ke sambandha se caitanyavAn banatA hai| nyAyavaizeSikoM kI yaha dhAraNA bhI hAsyAspada hai| kyoMki jo sarvathA jar3a hai vaha AtmA ke samavAya sambandha se bhI caitanyavAn nahIM ho sktaa| jar3a-caitanya meM atyantAbhAva hai| tIna kAla meM bhI jar3a-cetana aura cetana-jar3a rUpa meM rUpAntarita ho nahIM sktaa| yadi AtmA ke samavAya sambandha se caitanyavAn ho jAtA hai to ghaTAdi padArtha bhI caitanyavAna hone caahiye| kintu aisA ghaTita nahIM hotA aura na naiyAyika bhI aisA svIkAra karate haiN| nyAya vaizeSikoM kA eka tarka aura hai ki suSupti avasthA meM caitanya kI anubhUti nahIM hotI isaliye AtmA caitanyamaya nahIM hai| suSupti meM yadi caitanya ho to jAgrata avasthA kI taraha suSupti meM bhI vastuoM kA jJAna honA caahiye| isase AtmA kI jar3atA siddha hai| yaha tarka bhI nirAdhAra hai| suSupti meM caitanya darzanAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se usI prakAra DhakA rahatA hai jaise bAdaloM se suury| kintu caitanya sUkSma aura nirvikalpa rUpa meM AtmA meM upasthita rahatA hai| usa samaya cetanA naSTa nahIM hotI, AvRta rahatI hai| suSupti meM saMvedana bhI dekhA jAtA hai| AtmA acetana hai| use caitanya ke samavAya se caitanyavAn mAneM to anavasthA doSa AtA hai| caitanya guNa ko bhI kisI anya samavAya sambandha se caitanya mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra use phira cetanatA ke liye dUsare cetanatva kI kalpanA karanI hogii| aise ananta caitanatva kI kalpanA jur3atI rhegii| ataH bhaTTa-mImAMsaka, sAMkhya, jaina koI bhI nyAya-vaizeSika kI isa mAnyatA se sahamata nahIM haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika mata kI samIkSA meM jaina darzana kahatA hai-jJAna ko Agantuka guNa mAnanA vAstavikatA nhiiN| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai| guNI se guNa pRthak nahIM rhte| jaise agni se ussnntaa| AtmA lakSya hai| jJAna lakSaNa hai| donoM kI bhinna sattA asaMbhava hai|55 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anazIlana

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nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ko apariNAmI mAnate haiM, jaina darzana pariNAmI nity| mahAvIra ne tattva kA pratipAdana pariNAmI nityavAda ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| __ mahAvIra se pUchA-AtmA nitya hai yA anitya ? prazna kA samAdhAna vibhajyavAdI zailI meM kiyA-AtmA kA astitva trikAlavartI hai| isaliye nitya hai| pariNamana kA krama kabhI rukatA nahIM isaliye anitya hai| samagratA kI bhASA meM nityAnitya hai| sAMkhya darzana aura jaina darzana sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ke liye 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| use triguNAdi se bhinna draSTA aura akartA kahA hai|56 vaha asaMga tathA suSupti Adi avasthAoM kA sAkSI hai|57 vyakta, avyakta aura 'jJa'-sAMkhya darzana meM varNita ina tIna tattvoM meM 'jJa' tattva hI puruSa nAma se abhihita hai| puruSa aura AtmA ekArthaka haiN| puruSa kI avadhAraNA aneka yuktiyoM ke majabUta AdhAra para avasthita hai| __ advaitavAda meM AtmA ko eka mAnA hai kintu sAMkhya meM AtmA ko aneka svIkAra kiyA hai| isakA pramANa nimna zloka hai janma-maraNa karaNAnAM, pratiniyamAd yugptprvRteshc| puruSa bahutvaM siddhaM traiguNyaM vipryyaaccev|58 janma-maraNa karaNAnAM pratyeka puruSa ke janma-maraNa kI bhinnatA hai| eka kA janma hotA hai, dUsare kA mrnn| yadi eka hI AtmA hotI to eka kI utpatti ke sAtha sabakI utpatti aura maraNa ke sAtha mrnn| eka aMdhA hai, baharA hai to sabameM vahI aMdhatva aura baharApana milatA kintu aisA dekhA nahIM jaataa| jJAna aura kriyA ke kSetra meM bhI tAratamya hai| isase AtmA aneka hai-siddha hotA hai| janma-maraNa kI vyavasthA kI upapatti ke liye AtmA ko bahusaMkhyaka mAnanA hI ucita hai| pratiniyamAt-prANI mAtra meM eka jaisI pravRtti nahIM hai| yaha bhI aneka AtmA kI sUcanA detA hai| sattva, raja, tamas kA sambandha bhI bhinna hai| eka AtmA hone se bhinnatA nahIM rhtii| ayugapatpravRttezca prANiyoM kI bhinna-bhinna zreNiyAM haiN| deva, manuSya, AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA - .47.

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pazu, pakSI sabakA stara pRthak hai| svabhAva, ruci kA vaiSamya hai| eka AtmA ho to svabhAva, ruci aura zreNI kI mitratA kyoM ? vedAnta meM AtmA ko Anandamaya kahA hai| sAMkhya isake pakSa meM nhiiN| unake mata se cetanA aura Ananda bhinna haiN| AtmA meM koI parivartana nahIM hotaa| kUTastha nitya hai| sukha-duHkhAdi prakRti se utpanna hai| puruSa kI sattA siddha karane ke bAda bhI sAMkhya darzana isakI prAmANikatA ke liye puSTa tathya prastuta karatA hai saMghAta parArthatvAt triguNAdi vipryyaaddhisstthaanaat| puruSo'sti bhoktRtvAt kevalyArtha prvRtteshc||" 1. duniyA ke sabhI padArtha saMghAtamaya haiN| vastra aneka taMtuoM kA samUha hai| vastu-mAtra sAvayava bhI hai| avayavoM se niSpanna vastu sAdhana rUpa hai| sAdhana kA prayoktA hI vilakSaNa puruSa hai| 2. cetanArahita jar3a padArtha gatizUnya hotA hai| jaise ratha eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para sthAnAntarita tabhI hogA jaba usakA niyaMtA cetana sArathi ho| vaise hI jar3a prakRti yA sukha-duHkha, mohAtmaka jagat kisI cetana ke dvArA adhiSThita hokara hI pravRtta hai| ataH prakRti tathA usake niyantA rUpa meM puruSa kI sattA pramANita hai| 3. saMsAra ke viSaya mAtra bhoga haiN| bhoga hai vahAM bhoktA bhI avazya hai| bhoktA ke binA bhoga-sAmagrI kI upayogitA kyA ? ataH jo bhoktA hai vahI puruSa hai| saMsAra ke duHkhoM se vyathita hokara kucha loga jaba zAzvata sukhAbhimukha hote haiM-yaha prayAsa jar3a padArtha meM nahIM hotaa| mukti ke liye puruSArtha karanA isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki koI aisA tattva hai jo klezoM se nivRtti cAhatA hai| vahI padArtha puruSa hai| sAMkhya AtmA ko nitya aura niSkriya mAnate haiM amUrtazcetano bhogI, nityaH srvgto'kriyH| akartA nirguNaH sUkSmaH AtmA kapila drshne|| puruSa-prakRti paraspara bhinna lakSaNa vAle haiN| puruSa jJAtA, cetana, niSkriya, bhoktA, pramAtA, nirguNa, sUkSma hai| prakRti jar3a, sakriya, bhogya, prameya, ahaMkArayukta aura triguNAtmaka hai| .48 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA ko caitanya svabhAva kahA hai lekina jJAna-svarUpa svIkAra nahIM krte| jJAna svarUpa acetana prakRti kA pariNAma hai| AcArya amitamati ne isakI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai-'AtmA yadi jJAnarahita hai to jJAnapUrvaka hone vAlI sArI kriyAeM asaMbhava ho jaayeNgii|'60 ___puruSa ko caitanya svarUpa sthApita kara jJAnarahita mAnanA viruddha hai| yadi aisA hai to ghaTAdi padArtha bhI jJAnavAna hone cAhiyeM kyoMki ve bhI prakRti ke pariNAma haiN| kintu aisA lakSita nahIM hotaa|61 ataH jJAna ko AtmA kA svarUpa mAnanA hI upayukta hai| binA kisI cetana ke acetana meM kriyA kI utpatti nitAMta asaMbhava hai| AtmA kI upasthiti meM hAtha kI lekhanI lekhana vyApAra meM pravRtta hotI hai| rathI na ho to ratha kI gati ho nahIM sktii| taba acetana prakRti meM pravRtti kA udaya kaise hogA? sAMkhya darzana isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra detA hai jaise gAya ke stana meM bachar3e ke liye dUdha naisargika utpanna hotA hai| isI prakAra acetana prakRti binA kisI bAhya kAraNa svayaM pariNAma utpanna karatI hai| kiMtu yaha udAharaNa ucita aura nyAyasaMgata nahIM lgtaa| gAya cetana hai| bachar3e ke prati AtmIya bhAva hai| puruSa kI isa prakAra prakRti ko sahAyatA nahIM miltii| kyoMki sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa niSkriya aura udAsIna hai| sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA kUTastha nitya, apariNAmI hai| sAtha hI, aupacArika rUpa se use bhoktA bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vimarzaNIya yaha hai ki AtmA apariNAmI hai to zubhAzubha karmoM kA baMdha nahIM ho sktaa| kUTastha nitya hai to na jJAnAdi kI utpatti saMbhava hai, na halacala rUpa kriyA hI ho skegii| AtmA meM jaba kisI prakAra kA vikAra hI nahIM, phira jJAna, saMyama, tapa, samatA Adi kI kyA saMbhAvanA hogI? mokSAdi kA abhAva hogaa|62 nirvikArI AtmA meM mana, zarIra aura artha ke sannikarSa se hone vAlA jJAna bhI utpanna nahIM ho sakegA tathA artha kriyA nahIM hone se AtmA avastu hI siddha hogii|63 kyoMki sAMkhya meM utpatti-vinAza se rahita sadA ekarUpa rahane ko nitya kahA hai| AtmA meM jo bhI kriyA hogI, avasthAntara se hI saMbhava hai| pUrva avasthA ko chor3a uttara avasthA dhAraNa karanA hotA hai jo kUTastha nityavAda meM saMbhava nhiiN|64 AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA 49.

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jaina darzana ko kUTastha nityavAda svIkAra nahIM / vaha pariNAmI nityavAdI hai / pariNAmI nitya kA artha hai- padArtha utpAda - vyaya dharmavAlA hai / 65 jaina paramparA meM AtmA kI kSamatA samAna hone para bhI puruSArtha evaM nimitta ke AdhAra para vikAsa kI yAtrA calatI hai| sAMkhya darzana meM buddhi tattva ke bala para saba ghaTita hotA hai| buddhi tattva saba jIvoM meM vidyamAna hai kintu usakA vikAsa viveka, puruSArtha aura anya nimittoM para avalambita hai| AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnane se vibhinna doSa Ate haiM ataH AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAna lenA hI zreyaskara hai| mImAMsA darzana aura jaina darzana mImAMsA darzana meM AtmA sambandhI dhAraNA nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke samakakSa hI hai| isameM AtmA ko nitya, vyApaka, aneka tathA zarIra, indriya, buddhi se bhinna kahA hai| varSoM pUrva dRSTa aura zruta viSayoM kI smRti, indriyoM kI vikalatA meM bhI vidyamAna rahatI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki indriyAM kevala jJAna evaM anubhUti kA mAdhyama haiN| jJAtA AtmA hai| mImAMsaka AtmA meM cit aMza evaM acit aMza kA saMyoga mAnate haiN| cit aMza kA jJAna se sambandha hai / usake dvArA pratyeka AtmA jJAtA - draSTA rUpa meM jJAna kA anubhava karatI hai / acit aMza pariNAma kA nimitta hai| sukha-duHkha, icchA, prayatna Adi jinheM nyAya-vaizeSika AtmA ke vizeSa guNa svIkAra karate haiM, ve acit aMza ke hI pariNAma haiM / 66 AtmA ke svarUpa ko lekara mImAMsakoM meM matabheda hai| prabhAkara nyAyavaizeSika kI taraha AtmA ko jar3avat mAnakara caitanya ko usakA Agantuka guNa mAnate haiM jo mana aura indriyoM kA AtmA se saMparka hone para utpanna hotA hai| kumArila bhaTTa, nyAya-vaizeSika, prabhAkara kI taraha AtmA ko na jar3avat svIkAra karatA hai, na jaina aura sAMkhya kI taraha caitanya svarUpa | balki bodhAbodhAtmaka svarUpa mAnatA hai| prabhAkara AtmA ko apariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai| kumArila bhaTTa AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya / jaina-mImAMsaka meM kahIM siddhAnta bheda hai to kahIM samAna rekhA para bhI haiN| jainoM ne AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya kahA to mImAMsaka kumArila bhaTTa isase sahamata haiN|67 caitanya dravya kI apekSA se nitya hai kintu jJAna - vijJAna kI paryAya badalatI hai ataH isa apekSA se anitya hai / arthAt pariNamanazIla hone para bhI AtmA nitya hai| jaina darzana kI taraha AtmA jJAtA aura jJeya hai| mRtyu ke bAda jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana 050

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AtmA karmoM kA bhoga karane ke liye pUrva zarIra kA tyAga kara paraloka gamana karatI hai| mImAMsaka bhI isakA samarthana karate haiM kintu mukti viSayaka dhAraNA meM virodha hai| advaita vedAnta aura jaina darzana jaina aura advaita vedAnta meM AtmA sambandhI avadhAraNA meM vibhinna samAnatAeM aura asamAnatAeM parilakSita hotI haiN| zaMkarAcArya ke abhimata se duniyA ke samasta vyavahAroM kA AdhAra AtmA hai| AtmA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM hotA, nirAkaraNa bAhara se AdAna kI huI vastu kA hotA hai| parivartana jJAtA kA nahIM, jJAtavya kA hI hotA hai / jJAtA sadA apane svarUpa meM vartamAna rahatA hai / viSaya ke anubhava meM viSayI kI sattA svataH pramANita hai| AtmA jJAna rUpa hai aura jJAtA bhI / jJAna aura jJAtA abhinna haiM / jJeya padArtha kI upasthiti meM jJAna hI jJAtA rUpa se prakaTa ho jAtA hai / jJeya ke abhAva meM jJAtA bhI nirastitva bana jAtA hai| eka hI jJAna kartA aura karma sambandha se bhinna pratIta hotA hai kintu vaha abhinna hai / 'AtmA - AtmAnaM jAnAti' yaha sUkta isakA pramANa hai| rAmAnuja ne jJAna ko nitya - anitya donoM mAnA hai / anitya jJAna kevala vRtti mAtra hotA hai jo viSaya ke sannikarSa se paidA hotA hai aura viSaya ke vilaya hone para vilaya ho jAtA hai / kartA rUpa jJAna sadA vidyamAna rahatA hai| AtmA hI ekamAtra sattA hai / vizva kI sattA kevala vyavahAra ke liye hai / viSaya aura viSayI kA pArthakya paramArthataH na hokara kevala vyavahAra mAtra hai / deza - kAlakRta bheda bhI kAlpanika haiM, vAstavika nahIM / akhaNDa sattA eka hI hai / jo use jAnatA hai vahI tattvajJAnI hai| AtmA ke atirikta jo kucha hai, anAtmA hai| AtmA aura jIva-donoM eka hI sattA ke sUcaka haiN| jaina darzana inameM bheda nahIM karatA / vedAnta meM AtmA ko brahma kI saMjJA dI hai aura jIva se bhinna mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM saMsArI AtmA kA jo svarUpa hai vahI vedAnta meM jIva kA hai / donoM meM samAnatA hai| vedAnta meM AtmA ko sat cit, Ananda aura jJAnamaya kahA hai| jaina darzana meM sat, cita, Ananda ke sAtha ananta jJAna aura ananta vIrya ko bhI AtmA kA svarUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA 510

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zaMkarAcArya ne AtmA ko eka aura jIva ko aneka kahA hai| kyoMki AtmA brahma yA parama tattva hai, jaba dehAvasthita hotI hai taba jIva rUpa meM jAnI jAtI hai| dehastha AtmA kI jIva saMjJA hai| jIva kA zarIra se saMyoga janma aura viyoga mRtyu hai| paramezvara aura jIva meM svAmI-sevaka jaisA sambandha hai| brahma kA aupAdhika svarUpa jIva hai| jIva aura brahma meM vastutaH abheda hote hue bhI jo bheda hai vaha upAdhimUlaka hai| nirupAdhika avasthA meM brahma, sopAdhika avasthA meM jIva hai| vedAnta meM brahmAtmA ko ekAnta nitya mAnA hai aura jIvAtmA ke sambandha meM alaga-alaga mantavya haiN| zaMkarAcArya ke atirikta sabhI vedAntiyoM ne jIvAtmA ko brahma kA vivarta na mAnakara pariNAmI nitya kahA hai| zaMkarAcArya ne AtmA ko upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa hI kartA-bhoktA mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM isase bhinna AtmA ko yathArtha rUpa se kartA-bhoktA mAnA hai| mokSa ke sambandha meM jaina aura vedAnta kI dhAraNA samAna hai| donoM ne hI mokSa ko abhAvAtmaka na mAnakara bhAvAtmaka mAnA hai tathA AtmA kI jIvanamukti aura videhamukti meM vizvAsa karate haiN| vedAntiyoM ne AtmA ko vyApaka, niravayavI tathA niSkriya kahA hai vahAM jaina darzana meM avyApaka, sAvayavI tathA sakriya kahA hai| vedAnta meM karmaphala IzvarAdhIna hai| jaina darzana karmaphala prApti meM IzvarIya sattA ko mAnya nahIM krtaa| aupaniSadika ciMtana evaM jaina dRSTi bhAratIya tattvajJAna kA mUla srota hai- upnissd| ise AdhyAtmika mAnasarovara kI bhI saMjJA dI jAtI hai, jisase jJAna kI vividha saritAeM pravAhita hokara AryAvarta ko sarasabja banAtI rahI haiN| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA citraNa sundara DhaMga se kiyA hai| AtmA kA astitva vartamAna jIvana taka hI hai yA jIvana kI samApti ke bAda bhI banA rahatA hai? kaThopaniSad meM isakA samAdhAna upalabdha hai| bAlaka naciketA ne yamarAja se yahI Agraha kiyA thaa| mRtyu gUr3ha rahasya hai, usakA yathocita vivecana kara yamarAja ne use samAhita kiyaa| AtmA nitya vastu hai, vaha kabhI maratI nhiiN| isa para ramaNIya rUpaka prastuta hai- yaha zarIra ratha hai| buddhi sArathi hai| mana pragraha (lagAma) hai| indriyAM ghor3e haiM jo viSaya rUpI mArga para calatI haiM aura AtmA ratha kA svAmI hai|68 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana .52

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yama ne AtmA ko rathI kahakara AtmA kI zreSThatA prasthApita kii| mANDukya upaniSad meM zuddha AtmA ko " turIya" batalAyA hai| jAgRti, svapna tathA suSupti - usI AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAeM hai| pahalI avasthA jAgate samaya hotI hai| isameM sirpha bAhya vastuoM kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| dUsarI, svapnAvasthA meM Abhyantara jagat kA anubhava hotA hai| isameM AtmA sUkSma vastuoM kA Ananda letI hai / 69 tIsarI avasthA gAr3ha nidrA kI hai| isameM na svapna Ate haiM, na kucha icchA hotI hai| isa avasthA meM AtmA kucha samaya ke liye brahma ke sAtha ekAkAra hokara Ananda kA upabhoga karatI hai / 70 mANDUkya upaniSad meM kahA hai - svapnarahita nidrAvasthA bhI AtmA kI uccatama avasthA nahIM, cauthI " turIya" avasthA vizuddha, Antarika caitanya kI avasthA hai| isameM bAhya - Abhyantara kisI prakAra ke padArthoM kA anubhava nahIM rahatA / jAgRti Adi tInoM avasthAoM se pRthak hai| '71 arastu ke lekhAMza meM isa saMdarbha ke vicAra milate haiM- 'jaba kabhI AtmA akelI rahatI hai, jaise nidrAvasthA meM, to apanI yathArtha prAkRta avasthA lauTa AtI hai| AtmA ko brahma aura sat bhI kahA gayA hai| kucha sUkta isake pramANa hai| sarvaM khalu idaM brahma 12, ayam AtmA brahma .73 ahaM brahma asmi / 74 yahAM brahma aura AtmA eka hI artha meM prayukta hue haiM , -75 adhyayana se AtmA kI prApti nahIM hotI, na medhA se / ise yogI loga Abhyantara jyoti ke prakAza ke kSaNoM meM prApta karate haiM / vaha sthUla hai, na aNu, na kSudra hai, na vizAla, na aruNa hai, na drava, na chAyA hai, na tama hai, na vAyu hai, na AkAza hai, na saMga hai, na rasa hai, na gaMdha hai, na netra hai, na karNa hai, na vANI hai, na mana hai, na teja hai, na prANa hai, na mukha hai, na aMtara hai, na bAhara hai 76 / AtmA eka sArvabhauma sattA hai| anubhUti kA viSaya hai| vedoM ke yuga meM manuSya prakRti premI the kintu upaniSad ke yuga meM ciMtana kI dizA antarmukhI bana jAtI hai| Atma jJAna kI apekSA mahasUsa hotI hai| nArada ne kahAbhagavan? maiM Rgveda ko jAnatA hUM, yajurveda ko aura sAmaveda ko jAnatA hUM / isake sAtha mujhe maMtroM aura pavitra granthoM kA bhI adhyayana hai kintu maiM AtmA ko nahIM jAnatA | AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA 53

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cArvAka darzana evaM jaina darzana jina darzanoM kI hama carcA kara Aye haiM unameM cArvAka darzana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| yaha anAtmavAdI darzana hai| pakSa ke sAtha vipakSa anivArya hai| yadi AtmavAda ke sAtha anAtmavAdI cArvAka astitva meM AyA ho to koI Azcarya nhiiN| darzana zAstra kI taraha yaha bhI ati prAcIna hai| bauddha dharma ke prAcIna granthoM meM isake aMkura haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki buddha se pUrva bhI isakA astittva thaa| Rgveda kI RcAoM meM bhI kucha uddharaNa milate haiN| cArvAka darzana meM AtmA kA astittva nhiiN| cetanA kI utpatti bhautika tattvoM se hotI hai| pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni ko mUla tattva mAnA hai| ina cAroM kI samanviti se cetanA kA AvirbhAva hotA hai jise AtmA kahate haiN| yahAM prazna uThatA hai, bhautika tattva jar3a haiN| jar3a se cetanA kI niSpatti kaise saMbhava hai? jisakA svabhAva hI nahIM, vaha usameM paidA ho yaha virodhI guNa kI utpatti hai| cArvAka ne prazna ko hala karane ke liye kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| jaise-ghI, madhu, madhura haiN| amRta tulya haiM kintu sama mAtrA meM donoM ko saMyukta karane se viSa kA rUpa le lete haiN| pAna, katthA, supArI, cUnA Adi eka sAtha cabAne se lAla raMga kI utpatti hotI hai| alaga-alaga rahane para raMga kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai| aMgUra aura gur3a meM mAdakatA nahIM, kintu vizeSa paristhiti meM mAdakatA A jAtI hai| isI prakAra pRthvI, jala Adi bhUtoM kI saMhati se eka paristhiti aisI AtI hai ki unameM cetanA kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai| bhUtoM ke vinAza hone ke sAtha cetanA kA bhI vilaya ho jAtA hai| manuSya cAra tattvoM se nirmita hai| buddhi bhI ina tattvoM kA parivartita rUpa hai| sadAnanda ne bhautikavAdiyoM ke cAra bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| cAroM meM vivAda kA mukhya viSaya hai- jIvAtmA sambandhI cintn| zarIrAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, mAnasAtmavAda, prANAtmavAda-ye anAtmavAda ke phalita haiN| 1. zarIrAtmavAda meM zarIra hI viziSTa tattva hai| isake alirikta AtmA nAma __ kA koI tattva nahIM hai| .54 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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2. indriyAtmavAda-isa sampradAya meM indriya hI AtmA hai| kyoMki zarIra Adi sabhI indriyoM ke adhIna haiN| inakI vidyamAnatA meM hI padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| isase indriya hI AtmA hone kA siddha hotA hai| 3. mAnasAtmavAda- isakI dhAraNA meM mana AtmA hai| mana ko chor3akara koI aisA padArtha nahIM, jise AtmA kahA jaaye| mana kI sakriyatA meM hI indriya kAma karatI hai| anubhUti bhI mana ko hI hotI hai ataH mana hI AtmA hai| 4. prANAtmavAda- kucha cArvAka prANa ko AtmA mAnate haiN| prANa ke abhAva meM indriyAdi vyartha haiN| Astika darzanoM ne cArvAka darzana kA khaNDana isa AdhAra para kiyA ki vyavahAra kI siddhi kevala pratyakSa ko mAna lene se nahIM hotii| pratyakSa akelA adhUrA hai| prabala yuktiyoM ke sAmane bhUtAtmavAda nirmUla ho jAtA hai kyoMki isa mata meM na dharma kA sthAna hai, na puNya-pApa kaa| anumAna aura zabda pramANa bhI mAnya nahIM haiN| prameya kI siddhi kevala pratyakSa pramANa se hai| kArya-kAraNa bhAva svIkArya nhiiN| saMsAra kI vibhinnatA naisargika hai| cArvAka kI ina avadhAraNAoM meM aneka ApattiyoM kA avakAza hai| jaise1. zarIrAtmavAdiyoM ne zarIra ko AtmA kahA hai| vimarzaNIya hai, bhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti kevala kAlpanika tathya hai| bhUta acetana hai|78 cArvAka madhu Adi ke dRSTAnta se puSTa karate haiM kintu yaha bhI ucita nhiiN| madirA ke pratyeka ghaTaka meM mAdakatA rahatI hai lekina pratyeka bhUta meM caitanyatA dekhI nahIM jaatii| yadi zarIra AtmA hai, sukhAdi usake dharma haiM, to mRta zarIra meM bhI rUpAdi guNoM kI taraha cetanA honI caahiye| kintu aisA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| ataH siddha hai-caitanya zarIra kA dharma nhiiN| 2. indriyAtmavAdiyoM ne indriyoM ko AtmA mAnA, yaha bhI tarkasiddha nahIM hai| caitanya ko indriyoM kA guNa mAneM to cakSu Adi indriyoM ke naSTa hone para na caitanya kA nAza hotA hai, na smRti bhI lupta hotI hai| indriyAM hI AtmA haiM to kartA bhI unheM mAnanA par3egA, anyathA karaNa kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| karaNa ke abhAva meM kartA kriyA kara nahIM skegaa| indriyoM ke AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA

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atirikta dUsarA karaNa bana nahIM sktaa| ataH spaSTa hai, indriyAM AtmA se bhinna hai| jaise khir3akiyoM se jhAMkane vAlA khir3akiyoM se bhinna hai|79 indriyAtmavAda meM eka doSa aura bhI hai ki indriyAM aneka haiN| eka zarIra meM aneka AtmAoM kA nivAsa mAnanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| 3. mAnasAtmavAdiyoM ne mana ko AtmA svIkAra kiyA hai| mana acetana hai| vaha caitanya kA AdhAra kaise hogA? mana ko AtmA kahanA kisI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| 4. prANa ko AtmA mAnanA, prANAtmavAdiyoM kA mantavya ThIka nahIM lgtaa| jaina darzana meM prANa ke do prakAra haiM- dravya prANa, bhAva praann| cArvAka jisa prANa ko AtmA kahatA hai vaha jaina darzana kA dravya prANa hai| acetana hai| AtmA caitanya svarUpa hai| prANa AtmA kA prayatna vizeSa hai| prANoM kA AdhAra AtmA hai na ki prANa AtmA hai| praznopaniSad meM bhI kahA hai- prANa kA janma AtmA se hotA hai| ataH prANa tathA AtmA eka nahIM, bhinna haiN|82 cArvAka kA anAtmavAda par3hane ke bAda lagatA hai ki usakA mantavya nirAdhAra hai| AtmavAdiyoM ke sabala pramANoM ke samakSa astitva khar3A nahIM raha sktaa| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda : AstikavAdI darzana Atma virodhI vaijJAnika praNAliyoM meM dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda bhI eka hai| dvandvavAda kA artha hai-virodhI svabhAvoM ke dvandva se tIsare tattva kI utptti| jaise-hAiDrojana aura oNksIjana kA sammizraNa jala tattva ko paidA karatA hai| donoM virodhI svabhAva haiN| eka prANanAzaka hai, oNksIjana prANapoSaka hai| yaha guNAtmaka parivartana hai| vastu kA yaugika parivartana dekhakara saMbhavataH bhautikavAdI isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiN| kintu bhAratIya manISiyoM ne parivartanazIlatA kI prakriyA ko sahasroM varSa pUrva se samajha rakhA hai| unake liye nayA tattva nahIM hai| jaina dArzanikoM ko dravya, utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hI hai| koI bhI mUrta dravya parivartana ke niyama kA atikramaNa nahIM kara sktaa| vizva ke mUla upAdAna do haiM- jIva aura pudgl| .56 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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paramANu pudgala paryAyoM ke parivartana meM bhI mUla sattA usakI zAzvata hai| paramANu kI taraha jIva bhI ananta dharmAtmaka hai| cetana kA jar3a atyanta virodhI hai| isaliye jar3a kA cetana meM, cetana kA jar3a meM guNAtmaka parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| gItA meM kahA hai- "nAsato vidyate bhAvo, nAbhAvo vidyate sataH''arthAt asat utpanna nahIM hotA, sat kA nAza nahIM hotaa| dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda meM guNAtmaka parivartana asat kI utpatti siddha karatA hai| lokAyata jar3a bhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanya kI niSpatti mAnatA hai| bhautikavAdI jar3a tattvoM ke saMgharSa se| donoM samAnAntara rekhA para haiN| bhautikavAdiyoM ke abhimata ko lokAyata kA eka nayA saMskaraNa kaha sakate haiN| asat kI utpatti ko siddha karane ke liye unhoMne hAiDrojana evaM oNksIjana ke saMyoga se niSpanna jala kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA kintu donoM gaisoM kA sammizraNa guNAtmaka parivartana hai hI nhiiN| kyoMki do virodhI svabhAvoM se tIsare naye guNa kA paidA honA anivArya hai| jala kA nirmANa tIsarA guNa nahIM kaha sakate, yaha to eka kA dUsare meM vilIna honA hai| agara jalatva ko tIsare guNa ke rUpa meM mAnyatA bhI de deM to bhI jar3a se AtmA kA AvirbhAva vAlI bAta kataI hRdayaMgama nahIM ho sktii| aura guNAtmaka parivartana bhI apanI nizcita sthiti para pahuMca kara hI hotA hai| barpha banate samaya pAnI dhIre-dhIre gAr3hA nahIM banatA, balki Temprecara girate hue jaise hI hima bindu 30 phArnahAiTa : senTIgreDa para pahuMcatA hai, barpha bana jAtA hai| pAnI garma hote hue 200 DigrI phArnahAiTa para jAkara bhApa bana kara ur3a jAtA hai| barpha aura bhApa banane kI sImA hai| vaise hI guNAtmaka parivartana bhI nizcita parimANa para hI hotA hai| bhautikavAdI bhale hI rocaka aura saTIka udAharaNa se siddha kara deM ki guNAtmaka parivartana, jahAM asat paidA hotA hai, use hI kahate haiN| kintu bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne sAre parivartana ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke sahaja dharma mAne haiN| caitanya jaisI vastu kA utpAdaka jar3a tattva na kabhI huA, na kabhI hogaa| yaha vandhyA-putra jaisI hAsyAspada bAta hai| jar3a-cetana kA Atyantika virodha hai| satya ke Thosa AdhAra para hI tattva kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isaliye dAve ke sAtha kaha sakate haiM ki yaha jar3a para cetana kI, vijJAna para darzana kI tathA pazcima para pUrva kI vijaya hai| bhAratIya tattva darzana ke udaya aura anudaya ke sAtha yAtrAyita hone para isa par3Ava para pahuMcate haiM ki paraspara vicArabheda hai| khaNDana-maNDana kI nIti bhI AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA

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parilakSita hotI hai kintu mUla tattvoM meM samanvaya kA svara bhI sunAI par3atA hai| tattvoM kI sopAna vIthi para koI Age khar3A hai, koI pIche kintu zikhara kA AkarSaNa sabako khIMca rahA hai| kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA meM tIna vAdoM kI pramukhatA hai- AraMbhavAda, pariNAmavAda, vivartavAda / AraMbhavAda kahatA hai-vizva kI saMracanA vibhinna paramANuoM se hai| kAraNa svataMtra hai| kAraNa meM kArya kI sattA nahIM rahatI / kArya kI utpatti nayA proDaksana (Production) hai| isake samarthaka haiM-nyAyavaizeSika aura karma mImAMsaka / * pariNAmavAda ke abhimata se kAraNa ke abhAva meM kArya kA astitva nahIM rhtaa| kArya sadA kAraNa meM vyakta yA avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| kArya-kAraNa meM bheda nahIM hotA / sAMkhya-yoga, advaita vedAntI aura vaiSNava isake parama poSaka haiN| * virvatavAda meM bhI kAraNa kI hI mahattA hai| usakI ekamAtra sattA mAnya hai| kArya sat aura asat se vilakSaNa, anivarcanIya vyApAra hai| yaha zAGkara advaita vedAntI kI avadhAraNA hai / ina tInoM vAdoM kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| sUkSma taka pahuMcane ke liye prathama sthUla kA anuciMtana nitAMta naisargika hai| AraMbhavAda kA Azraya lekara nyAya-vaizeSika isa sthUla jagat kA vizleSaNa karate haiM / sAMkhyayoga kI padArtha viSayaka kalpanA nyAya-vaizeSika se sUkSma hai| advaita vedAnta kI kalpanA sUkSmatama hai| AtmA ke sambandha meM ciMtana kI samAnatA - asamAnatA donoM haiN| cArvAka zarIra se bhinna AtmA mAnatA hI nahIM / bauddha paMca skaMdhAtmaka rUpa AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna kSaNika mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika yuktiyoM se inakA nirasana kara AtmA ko deha, prANa, mana tathA indriyoM se bhinna tathA nitya svIkAra karatA hai| sAMkhyayoga meM AtmA nirlepa, asaMga, nirguNa caitanya rUpa hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA kA ciMtana anekAnta dRSTi se kiyA hai| chaha dravya, nava tattvoM meM Atma tattva hI caitanya svarUpa hai| anya dArzanikoM kI taraha jaina darzana AtmA ko niravayava nahIM mAnatA, kyoMki AtmA asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| 058 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bauddha darzana meM AtmA kSaNika, cetanA kA pravAha mAtra hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA nityAnitya hai| nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa tathA suSupti aura mokSAvasthA meM jar3a rUpa mAnA hai| jaina darzana AtmA kA yathArtha guNa caitanya svIkAra karatA hai| yadyapi jaina aura nyAya-vaizeSika donoM meM AtmA nitya rUpa hai| kintu nyAya-vaizeSika kUTastha nitya mAnate haiM, jaina pariNAmI nity| nyAya-vaizeSikoM ne AtmA ko vyApaka tathA guNoM ko AtmA se bhinna mAnA hai| jaina darzana AtmA ko deha parimANa evaM guNoM ko bhinna nahIM, sahakArI kahA hai| donoM darzana meM AtmA aneka, kartA-bhoktA hai| punarjanma ke sambandha meM cintana bheda hai| nyAya-vaizeSika aNurUpa pratyeka zarIra meM mana bhinna hai| yahI mana eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM jAtA hai| AtmA kA yahI punarjanma hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA pUrva zarIra kA tyAga kara naye zarIra ko pAtI hai| paryAya parivartana hI punarjanma hai| sAMkhya darzana, nyAya-vaizeSikoM kI taraha caitanya ko AtmA kA Agantuka guNa nahIM maantaa| isa saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI taraha vAstavika guNa svIkAra karatA hai| AtmA ko anAdi bhI mAnatA hai| kUTastha nitya kI dhAraNA meM jaina darzana se alaga, nyAya-vaizeSikoM ke nikaTa hai| punarjanma ke saMdarbha meM sAMkhya ko puruSa kA punarjanma svIkArya nahIM, puruSa nirlipta hai, usake baMdha-mokSa bhI nhiiN| prakRti ke baMdha hotA hai aura liMga zarIra kA punarjanma hai| jainoM meM AtmA kA punarjanma hai aura bandhana-mukti kA adhikArI bhI vahI hai| mImAMsakoM meM prabhAkara kA mantavya nyAya-vaizeSikoM se milatA-julatA hai| kumArila bhaTTa sAMkhya aura jainoM se sAmya rakhatA hai| vedAnta meM jIva aura AtmA bhinna haiM, jaina darzana meM abhinn| rAmAnuja ne jIvAtmA ke tIna prakAra nirUpita kiye haiM- baddha jIva, mukta jIva aura nitya jiiv| kintu jaina darzana meM mukta aura saMsArI-aise do hI bheda kiye haiN| saMdarbha sUcI 1. AcArAMga, a. 3 u. 3 sU. 58 2. AcA., a. 5 u. 6 sU. 123-124-125 3. vahI, a. 5 u. 5 sU. 105 AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA -

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4. vahI, a. 5 u. 6 sU. 137 5. vahI, a. 5 u. 6 sUtra 136 6. vahI, a. 5 u. 5 sU. 104 7. bhagavatI, za. 2 u2 8. uttarAdhyayana 227 9. dazavaikAlika niyukti bhASya 42 10. taittirIyopaniSad 2 / 4 / 1 (caturtha anuvAk) 11. kaThopaniSad 2 / 3 / 12 / 12. kaThopa.ni. 1 / 2-9 13. kenopaniSad 1 / 3 / 14. zvetAzvataropaniSad 9 / 10 / 15. AcArAMga, a. 5 u. 6 sU. 135 16. chAndogyopaniSad 6 / 87 17. vahI, 6 / 16 / 7 / 18. vahI, 8 / 15 / 19. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad 5 / 4 / 1 / 20. vRhada. u. 3 / 9 / 23 21. taittirIyopaniSad 2 / 5 / 1 / 22. vahI, 3 / 6 / 1 / 23. vRhadA. u. 5 / 3 / 15 24. kaThopaniSad 1 / 2 / 18 25. gItA, 2 / 19 / 26 26. chAndogyopaniSad kA sAra dekheN| 27. maitreyyupaniSad 3 / 16 / 21 28. kaThopaniSad 1 / 3 / 15 29. muNDakopaniSad 1 / 6 / 1 30. mANDukyopaniSad sU. 6 31. vRhadA. u.4|5|15 32. kenopaniSad 1 / 3 / 33. brahma vighnopaniSad (upaniSad saMgraha) 81 / 91 / 34. zvetAzvataropaniSad 5 / 10 / - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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35. suvAlopaniSad (upaniSad saMgraha) pR. 210 / 36. bhagavadgItA 2 / 23 / 37. niyamasAra 3 / 38 / 46, 5078 evaM 80 / 38. samayasAra gA. 49 / 39. iSTopadeza zloka 29 / 40. paramAtma prakAza 75-80 1 41. AtmAnuzAsana 74 / 42. tattvasAra TIkA 17 / 43. SaDdarzana samuccaya 3 / 44. bhAratIya darzana 2 pR. 17 / 45. majjhima nikAya 35 / 3 / 5-24 / 46. mahAvagga, 1 / 1 / 1-3 / 47. kumArila zloka vArtika pR. 217-223, zaMkarabhASya 2 / 2 / 18 / jayanta bhaTTa nyAya maMjarI bhA. 2 pR. 16-39, syAdvAda maMjarI 122 / 126 / 48. syAdvAda maMjarI 18 / 49. aSTasahasrI pR. 197 hinastyanabhisaMdhAt na hinastayabhi saMdhimat / 50. vahI, pR. 182 / pratyabhijJAnasmRtIcchAderabhAvAt santAnAntara cittavA / pratyabhijJAturekasyAnvitasyAbhAvAt / tadabhAvazca 51. syAdvAdamaMjarI zloka 19 / 52. tarka bhASya, keziva mizra pR. 190 / 53. prazastapAda bhASya pR. 49 / 50 | 54. nyAyasUtra 1 / 7 / 22 / 55. vai. sU. 3 / 2 / 4-13 / 56. paMcAstikAya 44 / 45 / 57. sAMkhyakArikA 19 / 58. sAMkhyasUtra, pravacana bhASya 1 / 15 / 148 / 59. sAMkhyakArikA 18 / 60. vahI, 16 / 61. zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) 4 / 31 kriyANAM jJAna janyAnAM tatrAbhAva prasaMgataH / AtmA kA svarUpa : jaina darzana kI samIkSA 610

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62. vahI 4 / 37 / acenasya na jJAnaM pradhAnasya prvrttte| stambhakuMbhAdayo dRSTA na kvApi jJAnayoginaH / 63. tattvArtha vArtika 1 / 1 / 56, 1 / 9 / 11 / 64. syAdvAda maMjarI kArikA 5 65. siddhAMtasAra saMgraha 4 / 23-4 / 66. tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 31 / 67. cidaMzena dRSTatvaM so'yamiti pratyabhijJA, viSayatvaM ca acidaMzena; jJAna sukhAdi rUpeNa pariNAmitvam (sa AtmA ahaM pratyayenaikavaidyaH) / advaita brahma siddhi / 68. tattva saM. kA. 223-7 zloka vA AtmavAda 23-30 / 69. kaThopaniSad 2 / 3-8 / AtmAnaM rathinaM viddhi, zarIra rathameva tu| buddhiM tu sArathiM viddhi manaH pragrahameva c| 70. vRhadAraNyaka u. 4 / 3 / 9 / 14 / 71. vahI, 2 / 1 / kauSItakI a. 4 / 72. phregmeMTa 2 73. chAndogyopaniSad 3 / 14 / 1 / 74. vRhadAraNyaka u. 2 / 5 / 19 / 75. vahI, 1 / 4 / 10 / 76. kaThopaniSad 2 / 23 / 77. vRhadAraNyaka u. 3 / 8 / 8 / 78. chAndogyopaniSad 7 / 2 / 79. vedaantsaar| 80. prameyaratnamAlA 4 / 8 / pR. 296 81. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA, guNasrakArikA 49 pR. 246 / 82. nyAya kumuda candra 346 / 83. prameya kamala mArtaNDa, prabhAcandra 17 pR. 115 / 84. nyAya kumuda candra pR. 176 / .62 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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tRtIya adhyAya pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA * dekArta * hyUma * kANTa * barkale * dehAtmavAda kI samasyA * antarkriyAvAda nimittavAda * * * * samAnAntaravAda pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya pAzcAtya dehAtma sambandha, jaina darzana

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pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA koshaM, kathaM, kena, kutaH samudgato ? yAsyAmi cetaH kva zarIra saMkSaye / kimasti cehAgamane prayojanaM ?, vAso'tra me syAt kati vAsarANi ? / / arthAt maiM kauna hUM ? kaise ? kisa kAraNa ? kahAM se AyA hUM? zarIra nAza hone para kahAM jAUMgA ? yahAM Ane kA uddezya kyA hai ? kitane dina yahAM nivAsa hai ? yaha AtmA ke anusaMdhAna kA saMketa hai| isa ciMtana para vizAla sAhitya kA sRjana huA, phira bhI AtmA itanA gUDha tattva hai ki rahasya anAvRta nahIM ho sakA / bAlaka janma letA hai| buddhi vikAsa ke sAtha jaise-jaise naI vastuoM ko khojatA hai| yahI vRtti praur3hAvasthA meM vikasita hokara sRSTi kA aNu-aNu evaM sva-astitva ko jAnane ko utkaMThita rahatI hai| satya kA anveSaNa tattvajJoM kA pramukha lakSya rahA hai / bhAratIya manISiyoM kI taraha pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI satya kI zodha pUre manoyoga ke sAtha kI hai| tattva ke prati rujhAna aura satya kI jijJAsA kA udbhava sarvaprathama do dezoM meM huA-bhArata aura yUnAna / yUnAna tattvajJAna kI dRSTi se pazcimI jagata meM guru sthAnIya mAnA jAtA hai| jJAna kA anveSaNa svayaM jJAna hai| jJAna kI prApti pazcimI darzana kA carama lakSya hai| kintu bhAratIya darzana ke anusAra jJAna sAdhana hai, sAdhya nahIM / duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti aura nirvANa kI upalabdhi parama dhyeya hai| use pAne kA sAdhana hai- jnyaan| 'Rte jJAnAnna muktiH ' jJAna ke abhAva meM mukti nahIM / pAzcAtya darzana kA prAraMbha bhautika tattvoM ke cintana-manana evaM vizleSaNa se hotA hai| thelIja se jArjiyasa taka prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM kA bahirmukhI ciMtana rahA hai| antarmukhI ciMtana meM pleTo kA nAma sarvaprathama AtA hai| yadyapi enekjegorasa kA nAma bhI AtA hai, kintu Atma tattva kA samucita vivecana sarvaprathama pleTo ne kiyA thaa| pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 65.

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pleTo ke mata se AtmA jIvana zakti hai / zarIra niSkriya hai| kintu zarIra kI gati evaM niSkriyatA kA kAraNa AtmA hI hai| AtmA gati meM nimitta hai, sAtha hI viveka kA Azraya bhI hai| viveka ke AdhAra para vijJAna ke sAtha usakA sambandha hai aura gati kA kAraNa hone se indriya jagata se saMparka hai| ataH vijJAna evaM vastu jagata- - donoM kA AdhArabhUta AtmA hai| pleTo ne AtmA ko vizvAtmA (World soul) kahA hai kintu vizvAtmA kI taraha vaha pUrNa tathA asIma nahIM hai| AtmA jIvadhAriyoM ke jIvana kA vaha aMza hai jo mRtyu ke bAda bhI astitva meM rahatA hai / jIvAtmA ke usane do rUpa - bauddhika evaM abauddhika pratipAdita kiye haiN| manuSya meM jo viveka kI sphuraNA hai usakA kAraNa bauddhika AtmA ( Rational Soul) hai| saMvedanA, vAsanA aura kriyA abauddhika AtmA (Irrational Soul) ke kArya haiN| pleTo ne apane grantha phiDo meM tIna prakAra kI AtmAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - bauddhika, kulIna akulIna / kulIna AtmA bauddhika AtmA aura akulIna AtmA abauddhika AtmA meM samAhita ho jAtI hai / pravRtti ke AdhAra para ye bheda kiye gaye haiM / bauddhika AtmA divya jJAna kI ora abhimukha hai| abauddhika kI gati bhautika jagata kI ora hai| pleTo ne AtmA kI amaratA ko siddha karane ke liye kucha pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| jaise jIvana eka pravAha hai, usakA Adi bindu hai janma | aMtima bindu hai mRtyu | yaha cakra (Cycle ) anAdikAlIna hai| janma na ho to mRtyu kisa kI ? yaha AtmA kI amaratA pramANita karatA hai| pleTo ne kahA- saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sAvayava haiM isaliye indriyagamya haiN| AtmA niravayava hone se pratyakSa nahIM hai, kevala anubhUti kA viSaya hai| vaha AtmA kI pUrva sattA (Pre-existance) tathA amaratA ko svIkAra karatA hai| prazna hotA hai - smRti meM smartavya viSaya kAraNa banatA hai / smaraNakartA AtmA kAraNa nhiiN| pleTo ke mata se smRti ke viSaya ananta haiN| kaunasA padArtha kaba smRti kA viSaya bana jAye, nirNaya karanA kaThina hai| ataH smaraNakartA AtmA mAna lenA hI nyAyasaMgata hai| kevala dekhanA hI smRti kA kAraNa nahIM, anubhUti bhI usakI hotI hai| AtmA ke binA anubhUti nahIM / yaha bhI eka bindu hai amaratA sAbita karane kA / jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana *66*

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pleTo kI Atma-sambandhI avadhAraNA jaina darzana ke samakakSa hI hai / AtmA na ho to punarjanma, smRti, pratyabhijJA kI kalpanA bhI nirarthaka hai| pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne jJAna ke tIna stara mAne haiM - aindrika anubhavAtmaka jJAna (Emparical Knowledge), bauddhika jJAna (Intellectual Knowledge), antara AtmajJAna (Intutional Knowledge) / aindrika jJAna anubhava sApekSa hai| bauddhika jJAna anubhava nirapekSa hai| yaha janma se AtmA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| isakA koI vipakSa nahIM hotaa| jaise AL tribhuja samakoNa B tribhuja ke tInoM koNa milakara do samakoNa ke samAna haiN| bauddhika jJAna kA yaha pratIka hai| AtmA ke abhAva meM ina jJAnoM kA AdhAra kyA hogA ? isa prazna ne pazcimI dArzanikoM ke dRSTikoNa ko pariSkRta kiyA hai| bhautika jagata se pare AtmA ke astitva ko mAnyatA milii| dekArta (1556 I. se 1650 I.) pAzcAtya dArzanika dekArta (Descartes) ne AtmA ko AdhyAtmika tattva mAnA hai| jisakA svabhAvika guNa cintana athavA cetana hai / dekArta saMdeha se satya kI khoja karate haiN| dArzanika ciMtana kA Adi utsa saMdeha hai| unakI mAnyatA thI ki saMdeha se saMdehakartA ke astittva kI anubhUti hotI hai, jaise cintana se cintanakartA kii| dekArta ke Atma-astitva ko pramANita karane vAlA prasiddha sUtra hai'Cogito ergo sum' I think, therefore I am. maiM socatA hUM isaliye merA astitva hai| jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai, yaha jJAtA ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM / jJAna aura AtmA meM guNa-guNI kA sambandha hai / ciMtana ke aneka pahalU haiM-saMdeha karanA, samajhanA, svIkAra karanA, kalpanA karanA Adi ye saba mAnasika kriyAeM haiM pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 67.

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'It is a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuges, imagines also and perceives.........all other properties belong to my nature.' AtmA kA astitva na ho to kriyAeM nahIM ho skeNgii| astitva siddhi ke dekArta ne do pramANa prastuta kiye haiM-prAtibha pramANa aura akhNddniiytaa| 1. prAtibha pramANa-AtmA svayaM prakAzamaya hai| usakA jJAna prAtibha hai| 'maiM hUM' yaha anubhava prAtibha jJAna se hotA hai| prAmANikatA ke liye anya sAkSI kI apekSA nhiiN| 2. akhaMDanIyatA-AtmA kA astitva akhaMDa hai| avibhAjya (Indivisible) hai| zAzvata (Eternal) hai| abhautika (Immaterial) hai| dekArta dvaitavAdI hai| usane cit (AtmA), acit (zarIra)-do tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| donoM virodhI guNa vAle haiN| AtmA kA guNa caitanya hai, zarIra kA guNa vistAra hai| dekArta ne bhI yaha svIkAra kiyA hai| prazna hotA hai ki do virodhI tattvoM kA sAtha meM sambandha kaise sthApita ho sakatA hai ? sambandha na mAneM to dvaitavAda nirAdhAra bana jAtA hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna vaha kriyA-pratikriyAvAda ke AdhAra para karatA hai| isa antaHkriyA se pArasparika AdAna-pradAna calatA hai| AtmA kA nivAsa usane pIniyala granthi meM mAnA hai| yahIM se sAre zarIra meM vaha prakAzita hotI hai| dekArta kA priya viSaya gaNita thaa| vaha cAhatA thA, gaNita kI taraha darzana kI nIMva sudRDha bne| gaNita praNAlI kA vikAsa nahIM hotA to saMdeharahita satya kI upalabdhi asaMbhava thii| gaNita meM nizcayAtmakatA hai| 242=4 ko koI saMdeha se nahIM dekhtaa| yaha sarvamAnya satya hai| dekArta ke mata meM saMdeha sAdhana evaM satya sAdhya hai| parIkSA ke binA ve kisI satya ko mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM the| saMbhavataH yUropIya itihAsa meM ve pahale vyakti the jinhoMne saMdeha kI kasauTI para satya ko ksaa| apanI prasiddha pustaka '(The discourse on method)' meM satya ko parakhane ke cAra vikalpa sujhAye haiM* hama kisI bhI viSaya kI prAmANikatA taba taka svIkAra na kareM, jaba taka usakI parIkSA na ho jaaye| * kisI bhI viSaya kI satyatA pramANita karane ke liye usa viSaya ko - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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usake aMga-pratyaGgoM meM vibhakta kara denA caahiye| isase samasyA kA samAdhAna saMbhava hai| * hameM samasyA ke sarala bhAga se prAraMbha kara jaTila kI ora agrasara honA ucita hai| * kisI bhI nirNaya para pahuMcane se pUrva, dila meM pUrNa vizvAsa honA jarUrI hai ki samasyA kA koI pahalU chUTa nahIM gayA hai jisase niSkarSa meM kahIM galatI na raha jaaye| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekArta ke vicAra jaina darzana se kAphI sAmya rakhate haiN| jaina darzana meM jIva aura pudgala-do tattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| dekArta ne unheM cit aura acit kI saMjJA dI hai tathA AtmA ko abhautika aura pudgala ko bhautika mAnA hai| dekArta ne bhI cit ko abhautika tathA acit ko bhautika mAnA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA kArya-kAraNa kI zrRMkhalA se mukta hai kyoMki utpattivinAza se pare hai| jisakI utpatti hotI hai vaha tattva kArya-kAraNa se mukta nahIM raha sktaa| AtmA nitya hai| zAzvata hai| dekArta ne bhI AtmA ko nitya, zAzvata, vibhu tathA utpatti-vinAza se pare kahA hai| dekArta ke mata meM saMdeha satya taka pahuMcane kA sopAna hai| saMzaya se hI AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM bhI saMzaya dvArA AtmA kI siddhi kA ullekha milatA hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke abhimata se 'jIva hai yA nahIM' yaha saMzaya jJAna hai| jJAna jIva hai| saMzayakartA bhI cetana hai, acetana nhiiN| ataH vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM saMzaya dvArA AtmA kI siddhi kI hai| AcArya akalaMka deva ne tattvArtha vArtika meM kahA hai ki jisakA astitva nahIM, usake viSaya meM saMdeha nahIM ho sktaa| 'AtmA hai' yaha jJAna yadi saMzaya rUpa hai to AtmA kI sattA svataHsiddha hai| dekArta kA abhimata bhI yahI hai ki sabameM saMdeha kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu saMdeha meM saMdeha karanA saMbhava nhiiN| saMdeha kA astitva saMdeha se pare hai| saMdeha kA artha vicAra karanA hai| vicAraka ke abhAva meM vicAra kauna karegA ? vicAra sAmya ke sAtha kucha aise prazna bhI haiM jo jaina darzana ke sAtha mela nahIM khaate| jaise dekArta ne AtmA ko abhautika mAnakara usakA nivAsa pIniyala glaiNDa meM batAyA hai| kintu abhautika AtmA kA pIniyala meM nivAsa kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaina darzana AtmA ko deha-parimANa mAnatA hai| pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA -

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dekArta ne AtmA ko dravya rUpa kahA kintu dravya rUpa meM siddha nahIM kara skaa| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM yahI kaha sakate haiM-dekArta kA AtmavAda jaina AtmavAda ke kAphI nikaTa hai| usane jo Atma-prayojana mUlaka vyAkhyA kI, vaha AtmA kI mahattA kI abhivyakti hai| hyUma (1711 I. se 1776 I.) dekArta ne satya taka pahuMcane kA mAdhyama saMdeha ko mAnA hai| saMdeha se hI AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA kintu saMdeha ko sAdhana rUpa hI mAnA hai, sAdhya nhiiN| hyUma ke darzana meM saMdeha sAdhana aura sAdhya donoM hai| dekArta saMdeha se satya taka pahuMcatA hai| hyUma kA darzana saMdeha se prAraMbha hotA hai aura aMta bhI usI meM ho jAtA hai| buddhijIviyoM kI pratikriyA svarUpa anubhavavAda aayaa| usakA janmadAtA thA 'jAna loNk'| vizapa barkale ne use Age bddh'aayaa| hyUma kA abhimata alaga hai| usane kahA- yadi hama anubhava ko hI jJAna kA sAdhana svIkAra karaleM to AtmA, paramAtmA Adi kisI kI sattA siddha nahIM ho sktii| yadyapi jJAna kA ekamAtra srota hyUma ne anubhava ko hI mAnA hai phira bhI laoNka aura varkale ke anubhavavAda se hyUma kA anubhavavAda bhinna hai| hyUma ko ajJeyavAdI bhI kahA jAtA hai| kAraNa usane AtmA-paramAtmA Adi tattva ajJeya mAne haiN| jisako pratyakSa nahIM dekha sakate, aisI vastu use mAnya nhiiN| jina dArzanikoM ne pratikSaNa AtmA ko jAnane kA dAvA kiyA hai aura usake liye kisI pramANa kI apekSA nahIM samajhate, hyUma ne unake sAmane prazna khar3A kiyA ki Apake pAsa AtmA kA pratyaya spaSTa hai to isakA AdhAra koI saMskAra honA cAhiye, aura Atma dravya kA jJAna indriyAnubhava saMskAra se hotA hai yA mAnasika cintana saMskAra se ? yadi indriyoM ke anubhava se hai to kaunasI indriya isameM nimitta hai ? yadi AMkha mAdhyama hai to rUpa honA caahiye| kAna se jAnate haiM to dhvani hogI, isI prakAra anya indriyoM se| kintu koI bhI yaha kahane kA sAhasa nahIM karegA ki AtmA-rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura dhvani hai| rUpa, rasa Adi indriyoM ke viSaya haiN| AtmA zabdAtIta, rUpAtIta, gaMdhAtIta, rasAtIta hai| indriyoM se apratyakSa hai| - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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yadi mAnasika cintana se AtmA kA anubhava hotA hai to mAnasika cintana kA anubhava sadA uttejanA evaM manovega ke rUpa meM hotA hai| ataH inheM Atma-dravya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Atma-dravya guNa samavAya kA nAma hai| hyUma AtmA ko sarala (Simple) aura zAzvata (Eternal) ke rUpa meM na mAnakara mAnasika kriyAoM ke samUha rUpa meM dekhatA hai| usakA abhimata hai There is properly no simplicity in the self at one time nor identity in different time. arthAt inameM na to kisI eka samaya saralatA hotI hai aura na bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM tAdAtmya hii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hyUma ne vicAroM ke samUha ko hI AtmA svIkAra kiyA hai, yaha ThIka nhiiN| vicAra parivartanazIla hai to pravAha bhI parivartanadharmA hai| ataH usake mata se AtmA bhI sthira nahIM hai| dUsarI bAta vicAraka ke abhAva meM vicAra asaMbhava hai| hyUma ne jisa rUpa meM AtmA ko svIkAra kiyA, jaina darzana ke sAtha samAnatA nahIM ho sktii| kyoMki jainoM ne AtmA ko bhAvAtmaka pratyaya ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| jaina darzana pariNAmI nityavAda ko mAnatA hai| hyUma ke darzana meM vicAroM ke samUha' ke atirikta koI nityAtmA nahIM hai| __ hyUma ne nitya AtmA ko pravAha rUpa meM kSaNika svIkAra kiyA hai to jo ApattiyAM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda para AtI haiM unheM hyUma ke AtmavAda para bhI ghaTita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH hyUma kA AtmA ke saMdarbha meM anitya ekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| kANTa (1424 I. se 1804 I.) mAnava vicAradhArA ke itihAsa meM unnIsavIM sadI kA mahattva adhika rahA hai| aneka vicAroM kI udgama sthalI yahI sadI hai| kANTa isa yuga kA khyAtanAmA dArzanika hai| AtmA ke sambandha meM usake vicAra dekArta evaM hyUma se bhinna haiN| vaha dekArta kI taraha AtmA ko na jJeya mAnatA hai na hyUma kI taraha vicAroM kA pravAha hii| usake abhimata se AtmA nitya hai, zAzvata hai| usane AtmA ke svarUpa ko eka zabda meM isa prakAra abhivyakti dI hai-The soul is transcendental pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA

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synthetic unity of pure apperception arthAt AtmA atIndriya, samanvayAtmaka, advaya- vizuddha, aparokSAnubhUti rUpa hai| kANTa AtmA ko vyAvahArika jagata kA tattva na mAnakara usakA nivAsa paramArtha jagata meM svIkAra karatA hai| AtmA ko atIndriya kahA hai / indriyoM kA viSaya mUrta hai| AtmA amUrta hai| indriyoM kI pahuMca se pare hai| buddhi aura vANI se bhI avaktavya hai| yahAM kANTa ke vicAra jaina darzana ke ati nikaTa haiN| jaina darzana meM bhI AtmA ko amUrta mAnA hai| dravya saMgraha meM AtmA kI amUrtatA siddha karate hue likhA hai vaNNa, rasa, paMca, gaMdhAdo, aTThaNiccayA jIve / No saMti asuti tado vavahArA mutti baMdhAdo / / arthAta pudgala varNa, gaMdhAdi se yukta aura mUrta haiN| AtmA inase mukta, amUrta hai| kaTa ne Atma ko samanvayAtmaka (sintheTika) isaliye kahA ki yaha hamAre anubhavoM, vijJAnoM ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhatA hai| isaliye anubhavoM meM ekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai| AtmA eka hai, aneka nahIM hai| AtmA jJeya nahIM, jJAtA hai / jJAtA kabhI jJeya nahIM bntaa| kahA bhI hai- The subject can not be reduced to an object. jJAtA na ho to jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| saMgrahaNa, samanvaya, sambandha, sArvabhaumatA, niyama, niyamitatA Adi saba jJAtA ke kAraNa hI astitva meM haiM / kANTa kI mAnyatA jaina darzana se kahIM samAnatA rakhatI hai, kahIM asamAnatA / ne AtmA ko amUrta svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana bhI AtmA ko amUrta hI kahatA hai| kANTa ke mata meM paramArtha AtmA pUrNa hai, jaina darzana meM samasta karmoM se mukta AtmA pUrNa hai / asamAnatA ke bindu haiM- kANTa ne AtmA ko kevala jJAtA rUpa kahA hai, jaina darzana jJAtA aura jJeya ubhaya rUpa mAnatA hai / kANTa ne AtmA ko apratyAnubhUti (Apperseption) rUpa mAnakara jJAna ke sabhI mAdhyamoM ko nakAra diyaa| jaina darzana ne AtmA ke jJAna ko pramANa dvArA svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sat mAtra kA jJAna saMbhava hai| ajJeya sat kucha bhI nahIM / ne ekAtmavAda ko mahattva diyA, jaina darzana meM anaMta AtmAoM kI mAnyatA hai| pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna AtmAeM haiN| jaina darzana meM AtmA kA sUkSma jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 72

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vizleSaNa hai| kANTa ne sUkSma vivecanA kI koziza avazya kI hai kintu usakA amUrta ekatA aura ajJeya sat AlocanA kA viSaya banA huA hai| kATa ne jisa amUrta ekatA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva ko mAnya kiyA hai, vaha anekatA ke binA vyartha hai / eka tarapha vaha AtmA ko buddhi se pare kA tattva mAnatA hai, dUsarI ora AtmA ke viSaya meM socanA, vicAranA Adi buddhi kA vyAyAma bhI karatA hai| donoM ke bIca spaSTa virodhAbhAsa hai| vaha AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai aura use ajJeya bhI kahatA hai| yaha kahAM taka ucita hai ? jemsavArDa ke mata se kANTa kI amUrta AtmA kisI akSara para eka bindu ke samAna hai jisakA akSara se alaga koI artha nahIM hai| kANTa kA Atma viSayaka pratyaya (The theory of nominal self) kahalAyA hai| barkale (1685 I. se 1753 I.) pAzcAtya darzana ke itihAsa meM barkale kA eka sthAna hai| dekArta ke samAna rka bhI AtmA ko siddha karate haiN| AtmA jJAtA hai| jJAna kA adhiSThAna hai| vijJAna yA pratyaya isakA viSaya hai| barkale ne jJAtA ko hI mana (Mind), AtmA (Soul) tathA ahaM (Mind Self) Adi saMjJAoM se abhihita kiyA hai| barkale ne AtmA ko jAnane ke liye svAnubhUti ko pramANa mAnA hai| AtmA na mAneM to vidhi yA niSedha - kisI bhI prakAra usa saMdarbha meM carcA nirarthaka hogii| kucha binduoM dvArA astitva ko puSTa kiyA hai-- 1. AtmA vijJAna se bhinna hai| vijJAna jJeya hai| AtmA jJAtA hai| 2. AtmA svAnubhUti gamya hai / 3. AtmA sakriya hai / svasaMvedanAoM kI sRSTi AtmA kA kArya hai| 4. AtmA, sabhI mAnasika kriyAoM kA AdhAra hai| 5. anya AtmAoM kA jJAna buddhi se ho jAtA hai kintu apanI AtmA ka astitva bodha sadyaH anubhUti se saMbhava hai / barkale ne jaina darzana kI taraha AtmA ko jJAtA, anubhUtigamya, sakriya mAnA hai| barkale ne vizva kI samagra sattA ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai-- AtmA, paramAtmA aura pdaarth| yaha sattA kA vargIkaraNa Atma-astitva kI svIkRtimUlaka avadhAraNA hai| pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 73

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maikDaoNnala, zopenahAvara, lesiMga, harDara Adi pazcima ke cintakoM ne AtmA kI maulikatA evaM avinAzitA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| nobala puraskAra vijetA pro.I.pI. viganara ne kahA-"AdhunikI bhautikoM ke samIkaraNoM se cetanA kI saMracanA, sthiti evaM utAra-car3hAvoM kI vyAkhyA nahIM ho sktii|" ___e.esa. eDiMgsana kA mata hai-"saMpUrNa sRSTi meM eka asAdhAraNa zakti kAma kara rahI hai kintu hama nahIM jAnate kyA kara rahI hai| vaha yuga AyegA jaba vijJAna, ajJAta, ajJeya ke baMda dvAra kholane meM samartha hogaa| maiM mAnatA hUM, cetanA hI pramukha AdhArabhUta vastu hai|" spinojA ke anusAra "cetanA eka hai parantu cetanA ke asaMkhya rUpa haiM aura pratyeka rUpa AtmA hai|" je.vI.esa. hAlDena ke zabdoM meM-"jagata kA maulika jar3a (Matter), bala (Fource) athavA bhautika padArtha na hokara mana yA cetanA hI hai ?" zarIra vijJAtA sara cArlsa zairiMgTana ne likhA-"cetanA kI parIkSA hama UrjA mApaka yaMtroM se nahIM kara skte| usake parIkSaNa ke liye bhautikI ke niyama, upakaraNa nirarthaka hI siddha hoMge ?'8 AtmA ke saMdarbha meM prAcya dArzanikoM kI taraha pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI hetuoM-yuktiyoM dvArA samarthana kiyA hai| jar3a se bhinna cetanA kI sattA hai| dehAtmavAda kI samasyA zarIra aura AtmA eka haiM yA do? dArzanikoM ke samakSa dehAtma kI samasyA pramukha samasyA hai| jIva cetana hai| zarIra acetn| donoM svataMtra dravya aura virodhI svabhAva haiN| prazna uThatA hai, visadRza kA paraspara sambandha kaise huA ? sambandha kA setu kyA hai ? zarIra evaM AtmA sApekSa hai yA nirapekSa ? sahacArI haiM yA virodhI ? sahacArI haiM to kaba se? virodhI haiM to milakara kriyA kaise karate haiM? ina praznoM para gaMbhIra cintana-manthana huaa| DekArTa, melebrAnsa, spinojA, gyUliMksa, lAibanIja Adi ne apane-apane DhaMga se samAhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| dvaitavAdiyoM ko inakA samAdhAna denA Avazyaka ho gyaa| gautama buddha se pUchA gayA-AtmA aura zarIra meM bheda hai yA abheda ? unhoMne bheda-abheda donoM ko svIkAra na karake kevala madhyama mArga ko hI zreSTha btlaayaa| .74. - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bhagavatI meM mahAvIra - gautama saMvAda isa samasyA kA sahI samAdhAna hai| zarIra AtmA hai yA AtmA se bhinna tattva hai ? gautama ke isa prazna ko anekAMtika zailI se uttarita kiyaa| mahAvIra ne kahA- gautama ! zarIra AtmA bhI hai, AtmA se bhinna tattva bhI hai| AtmA cetana hai / zarIra jar3a hai| jar3a-cetana kabhI eka nahIM hote| isa dRSTi se bhinna haiM / AtmA kI paudgalika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kA mAdhyama zarIra hai| isa dRSTi se abhinna hai| isa prakAra Agama sAhitya meM AtmA ke bAre meM kAphI varNana milatA hai| AcArya jinabhadra, vIrasena, siddhasena, kuMdakuMda Adi ne bhI bhedAbheda para prakAza DAlA hai| dhavalA meM ise spaSTa karane vAlI kucha yuktiyAM upalabdha haiM, jaise 1. zarIra aura jIva bhinna haiM kyoMki zarIra sAdi-sAMta hai| jIva anAdianaMta hai| 2. sabhI zarIroM meM jIva kA anugama hotA hai kintu zarIra kA anugama nahIM hotA / 3. zarIra kA chedana - bhedana, dahana hotA hai, jIva kA nahIM / " tIsare gaNadhara vAyubhUti ke mana meM yahI saMzaya thA - 'jIva zarIra se bhinna hai yA abhinna ?' Agama yuga aura darzana yuga- donoM yugoM meM yaha viSaya carcita rahA hai| Adhunika yuga meM dekArta kA dvaitavAda vikhyAta hai| dehAtma samasyA ke samAdhAna ke liye usane kAphI yogadAna diyA hai aura naye DhaMga se vyAkhyA kI hai| pahale dArzanikoM ke mata se AtmA aura zarIra eka hI tattva ke do pahalU ke rUpa meM the| donoM sApekSa the| dekArta ne donoM ko nirapekSa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / zarIra bhautika guNoM kA vistAra hai| AtmA caitanya guNa hai, AtmA amUrta hai, zarIra mUrta hai, AtmA abhautika hai, zarIra bhautika hai, AtmA draSTA hai, zarIra dRzya hai, ina viparIta guNoM se AtmA aura zarIra kI bhinnatA siddha hai| mahAna dArzanika pleTo ne bhI vyavahAra aura paramArtha, vastu aura vijJAna, aindriya aura pratyakSa jagata, AtmA aura zarIra kA dvaita svIkAra kiyA hai| antarkriyAvAda arastu ne bhI dravya aura AkAra ke dvaita kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| dekArta se pUrva spinojA kA mantavya alaga thA / vaha advaitavAdI hone se zarIra aura mana ko pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 75

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alaga nahIM mAnatA thaa| dekArta ne donoM kI nirapekSa sattA svIkAra kii| donoM kA aMtara kaI binduoM ke AdhAra para spaSTa kiyA haiAtmA zarIra vivekI avivekI avibhAjya vibhAjya amUrta cit acit cetana acetana abhautika bhautika draSTA dRzya yaha mAnyatA darzana jagata meM antakriyAvAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| zarIra aura AtmA kI itanI nirapekSatA meM bhI paraspara hone vAle kArya sahaja prazna paidA karate haiM ki paraspara kriyA kaise hotI hai ? mana kA zarIra para aura zarIra kA mana para prabhAva kaise par3atA hai ? dekArta ne zarIrazAstrIya dRSTi se samAdhAna diyA ki donoM kA paraspara koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| ina donoM kA sambandha setu mastiSka ke agrabhAga meM sthita pIniyala granthi hai| aicchika kAryoM ke avasaroM para AtmA pravartaka hotA hai| AtmA kriyAzIla hotA hai| usase pIniyala sakriya ho jAtA hai| phalataH mastiSka aura zarIra gatizIla ho uThate haiN| purAtat nAr3I ke mAdhyama se zarIra aura AtmA Apasa meM kriyA-pratikriyA karate haiN| yahI antakriyAvAda kA paryAya hai| lAivanIja mana aura zarIra meM kArya-kAraNa bhAva sthApita kara isa ulajhana ko sulajhAne kI dizA meM bar3hA hai| usake mata se zarIra aura mana svataMtra rUpa se apanI-apanI kriyAeM karate haiN| zarIra kA kArya niyata kAraNoM se hotA hai, usI prakAra mAnasika kArya bhI apane viziSTa kAraNoM se saMpAdita hote haiN| donoM meM koI kisI ko prabhAvita nahIM krtaa| lAivanIja ne ghar3I ke udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyaa| eka ghar3IsAja do alaga-alaga ghar3iyAM banAkara unameM aisI vyavasthA detA hai jisase donoM samAna rUpa se samaya ko sUcita karatI haiN| usI prakAra Izvara ne zarIra aura mana kI racanA isa prakAra kI hai ki eka meM jo ghaTita hotA hai usakI pratikriyA dUsare meM jhalakatI hai| zarIra aura mana mUlataH svataMtra haiN| unameM kriyA-pratikriyA kA AdhAra pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya hai| .76 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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hamArA pratipAdya hai jIva aura pudgala ke bAre meM ciMtana jo zarIra aura manasa kI mAnyatA se AMzika rUpa se tulanIya hai / vyavahAra ke stara para kabhIkabhI mana ko cetanA ke rUpa meM samajha liyA jAtA hai kintu vastuvRtyA mana pudgala rUpa hI hai| ataH jIva aura pudgala bhinna-bhinna haiM / rene dekArta ne mAMiDa aura baoNDI, manasa (AtmA) aura zarIra - donoM kI kriyA, svabhAva aura svarUpa meM bhinnatA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| jar3a kA lakSaNa vistAra hai aura cetana kA lakSaNa hai vicAra | usane kahA The mind or soul of a man is entiraly different from body. dekArta ne ghor3A aura ghur3asavAra ke udAharaNa se isa siddhAnta ko puSTa kiyA hai| ghur3asavAra er3a lagAkara ghor3e kI gati meM vega utpanna karatA hai| vaise hI mana bhI zArIrika kriyAoM ko uttejita karatA hai| ghor3e ko apanI icchA ke anukUla gatizIla dekhakara ghur3asavAra prasanna hotA hai| vaise hI zarIra kI gati dekhakara AtmA bhI prasannatA kI anubhUti karatA hai / dekArta ke isa spaSTIkaraNa meM dRSTAnta aura drASTAnta kA aMtara hai| ghor3e aura ghur3asavAra kA dRSTAnta ThIka nahIM jaMcatA, kyoMki donoM kA uddezya samAna hai jabaki jar3a-cetana meM kisI prakAra kA sAmya nahIM, paraspara virodhI haiN| isaliye dekArta ke antarkriyAvAda meM kaThinAiyAM AtI haiM zarIra kI kucha kriyAoM meM mAnasika kriyA kyoM nahIM hotI ? jaise 1. rakta pravAha zArIrika kriyA hai para mana usase prabhAvita nahIM hotA / na koI pratikriyA bhI karatA hai| 2. AtmA amUrta hai to pIniyala glaiNDa meM kaise raha sakatI hai? 3. zarIra aura AtmA eka dUsare ke viruddha haiM to Apasa meM antarkriyA kaise hotI hai ? aura eka meM kriyA hone se dUsare meM pratikriyA karane kI bhAvanA paidA kyoM nahIM hotI ? dekArta ina praznoM kA samucita samAdhAna nahIM de sakA / jIvanabhara isa viSaya para cintana kiyA magara nizcita niSkarSa para nahIM pahuMca paayaa| ataH dehAtmavAda kI samasyA usake darzana kI ulajhI huI samasyA hai| dehAtmavAda para bhinna-bhinna vicAra prakAza meM aaye| unheM cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 77

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1. kriyA-pratikriyAvAda Inter-actionism 2. nimittavAda Occasionalism 3. samAnAntaravAda Parallelism 4. pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasyavAda . Pre-established Harmony nimittavAda (Occasionalism) isakA samAdhAna AranaoNlDa myUliksa tathA nikolasa melebrAnsa ne naye DhaMga se kiyaa| donoM dekArta ke anuyAyI the| inakA kAla (1624-1669 I. se 1638-1715 I.) hai| inake ciMtana kA uddezya thA kriyA-pratikriyAvAda meM Aye doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kintu saphala nahIM ho ske| inhoMne dekArta ke kAryakAraNavAda, lAivanIja ke pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya ko mAnyatA nahIM dii| unakI dhAraNA thI-zarIra aura AtmA ke racayitA Izvara ne isa DhaMga se racanA kI hai ki eka kA prabhAva dUsare para par3atA hai| isameM kArya-kAraNavAda kI apekSA nahIM kintu samasyA kA samAdhAna denevAlA yaha siddhAMta bhI nirdoSa nahIM raha skaa| isa ciMtana ke sAmane praznacihna laga gayA ki yadi Izvara hI saba-kucha hai to mAnavIya svataMtratA evaM uttaradAyitva kI koI mUlyavattA nahIM raha jaatii| yadi AtmA kA jJAna aura zarIra kI gati-kriyA kA nimitta Izvara ke atirikta dUsarA koI nhiiN| isase phalita hotA hai, mAnava kA apanA kucha bhI nhiiN| dUsarA tathya yaha hai ki Izvara hI sarvesarvA hai| anyAya, anIti, pApa Adi kA astitva kyoM? nyAya ke sAtha anyAya, zubha ke sAtha azubha, ucita ke sAtha anucita bhI dekhA jAtA hai| isa arAjakatA aura avyavasthA ke pariveza meM Izvara ke sarvazaktimAna hone kI kalpanA kaise kI jAye? ina jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna glUliksa aura melebrAnsa ne bhale hI apane DhaMga se kiyA ho kintu saTIka evaM nyAyasaMgata tathya nahIM hone se ve nimittavAda kI rakSA nahIM kara ske| kintu itanA kaha sakate haiM dekArta ke dvaitavAda ko kamajora kara spinojA ke advaitavAda kI prazasta bhUmi taiyAra karane meM saphalatA jarUra milI hai| samAnAntaravAda (Parallelism) (1 6 3 2 I. se 1677 I.) spinojA ne apane graMtha ethiksa meM kahA-deha aura AtmA pUrNa rUpa se svataMtra dravya nahIM haiN| donoM kA sambandha eka hI sattA se hai| vaha sattA hai Izvara / usane dekArta ke kArya-kAraNa sambandha ko bhI asvIkAra kara diyaa| usakA .78 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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abhimata thA ki jahAM do dravya hote haiM vahAM kArya-kAraNa sambandha rahatA hai| jaba deha aura AtmA alaga hI nahIM to kArya-kAraNavAda kI upayogitA hI kyA ? donoM samAnAntara haiN| donoM saMyogI nahIM, sahayogI haiN| sahayogI aura samAnAntara hone ke kAraNa jo kucha AtmA meM ghaTita hotA hai vahI zarIra meM aura jo zarIra meM ghaTita hotA hai vahI AtmA meM ghaTita hotA hai / jaise zarIra meM koI bImArI hotI hai to mana meM tadanurUpa vicAra uThatA hai| ataH samAna stara hone se eka-dUsare se prabhAvita hote haiM / kintu donoM bhinna nahIM, eka hI Izvara ke aMza haiN| dekArta ke dvaitavAda se spinojA sahamata nahIM thaa| vaha advaitavAda kA samarthaka rhaa| kintu usakA samAnAntaravAda bhI aneka kaThinAiyoM se ghirA huA hai / pahalI kaThinAI yaha hai ki deha aura AtmA eka hI Izvara ke aMza haiN| phira ekadUsare ke bAdhaka nahIM hone caahieN| lekina mAnasika kriyA meM zArIrika bAdhA dekhI jAtI hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai-jahAM zArIrika kriyA hai vahAM mAnasika kriyA avazya hogI, cAhe kitanI bhI bhinna ho| isase to zarIra kI kriyAoM meM hI nahIM, bhautika tattvoM meM bhI manasa kI sattA ko mAnya karanA par3egA jo hRdayaMgama hone jaisA tathya nahIM / ataH dehAtma samasyA se jur3A yaha siddhAMta sahI nahIM lagatA kyoMki usake pAsa bhI ucita samAdhAna nahIM hai| pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya (Pre-established Harmony) (1646 I. se 1716 I.) bahu-tattvavAdI lAibanIja kI avadhAraNA dekArta, spinojA, gyUliMksa, aura melebrAnsa se alaga hai| vaha AtmA aura zarIra ko na to pRthak mAnatA hai, eka dravya kA guNa / apitu donoM ko caitanya rUpa mAnatA hai| usane duniyA meM eka cetanA kI sattA hI svIkAra kI hai| lAibanIja ne kahA- jar3a meM bhI ISat cetanA rahatI hai| unhoMne jar3a-cetana kA bheda nahIM maanaa| deha ke cidaNu aura Atma cidaNu paraspara nirbhara nahIM haiN| inameM paraspara koI kriyA-pratikriyA nahIM hotI / na samAnAntara guNa haiN| kevala pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya hai| deha- AtmA ke sambandha meM usane Izvara kI icchA ko apekSita nahIM smjhaa| spinojA ne Izvara ke yogadAna ko svIkAra kiyaa| lAibanIja kA Izvara itanA sakSama hai ki use bAra-bAra sambandha hetu hastakSepa nahIM karanA par3atA balki aisI vyavasthA hai jisase sadA sAmaMjasya banA rahatA hai| pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 79 *

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lAibanIja ke cidaNu nirapekSa tathA svataMtra hokara bhI eka dUsare ke sahayogI haiN| isa AdhAra para hI saMsAra meM vyavasthA hai| eka niyama hai| niyama, vyavasthA, ekatA aura sAmaMjasya kA mUla kAraNa Izvara hai| Izvara dvArA nirmita sAmaMjasya sRSTi se pUrva kA hai| lAibanIja ke pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya siddhAMta meM bhI kaI visaMgatiyAM haiN| usake mata se yadi cidaNu gavAkSahIna, randhrahIna haiM, eka-dUsare se aprabhAvita haiM to phira inameM pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya kyoM? yadi pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya hai to eka-dUsare se aprabhAvita kaise? ___ yadi cidaNu anAdi, ananta aura nitya haiM to Atma cidaNu aura zarIra cidaNu bhI aise hI hone cAhieM phira Izvara dvArA nirmita pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasya kaise ucita hogA? zarIrAtmavAda kI samasyA dArzanika jagat kI bar3I samasyA hai| dekArta, gyUliMksa, melebrAnsa, spinojA, lAibanIja Adi pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne apane-apane tarIke se samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA kintu nirvivAda aura nyAyasaMgata samAdhAna nahIM de ske| jaina darzana dvaitavAda kA pakSadhara hai| isake anusAra jar3a-cetana donoM vizva vyavasthA ke niyAmaka tattva haiN| donoM svataMtra haiN| cetana-acetana kA paraspara atyantAbhAva hai| phira bhI Apasa meM sambandha hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM sambandha setuoM kA nirUpaNa upalabdha hotA hai| "atthi NaM jIvA ya poggalA ya aNNamaNNa baddhA, aNNamaNNa puTThA, aNNamaNNa-mogADhA, aNNamaNNa siNeha paDibaddhA, aNNamaNNa ghaDattAe citttthi|' jIva aura pudgala paraspara baddha haiM, spRSTa haiM, avagAhita haiM, sneha se pratibaddha haiN| jIva meM dhana zakti, pudgala meM RNa zakti hai, ataH paraspara mila jAte haiN| jIva svarUpa se amUrta hai kintu baddhAvasthA kI apekSA se mUrta bhI hai| yahI kAraNa hai sambandha hone kaa| jIvana kA senTriphyugala, pudgala kA senTri piTala AkarSaNa hai| jIva-pudgala donoM meM bhogya-bhoktR bhAva hai| jIva bhoktA hai, pudgala bhogy| jIva aura zarIra kA paraspara bhedAbheda hai| sarvathA abheda mAnane se donoM eka rUpa hoNge| bheda mAneM to paraspara kabhI mila nahIM sakate ataH apane vizeSa guNoM ke kAraNa bheda, sAmAnya guNoM se abheda bhI hai| .80 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ne AtmA ko zarIra se bhinnAbhinna kahA hai| yaha sApekSa dRSTi hai| bhagavatI meM gautama ne mahAvIra se isa saMdarbha meM prazna uThAyA hai-'AyA bhaMte ! kAye? aNNe kAye? goyamA ! AyA vi kAye, aNNe vi kAye ?' zarIra aura AtmA meM korA bheda yA korA abheda-ye do virodhI dizAeM haiN| donoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane ke liye hI mahAvIra ne bhedAbheda kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| zarIra naSTa ho jAne para bhI AtmA kA astitva banA rahatA hai| AtmA aura zarIra eka dRSTi se bhinna haiN| saMsAra avasthA meM agni-loha piNDavat, kSIra-nIravat donoM meM tAdAtmya sambandha hai| isaliye zarIra se sambandhita sArA saMvedana AtmA meM hotA hai| vyavahAra jagata meM bhI mAnasika kriyA kA asara zarIra para dekhA jAtA hai| krodha Adi se rakta dUSita ho jAtA hai| nirAzA se pAcana zakti maMda ho jAtI hai| IrSyA se alsara hotA hai| meDikala sAiMsa yaha spaSTa prastuti detA hai| prazna yaha ubhara kara sAmane A jAtA hai ki AtmA aura zarIra vijAtIya tattva haiN| jar3a aura cetana kA svabhAva bhinna hai| aisI sthiti meM donoM meM aMtaH kriyA kaise hotI hai? yaha prazna vahAM uThatA hai jahAM jIva ko sarvathA amUrta mAnA jAtA hai| jaina darzana kI dRSTi meM hara saMsArI AtmA kathaMcit mUrta hai| isaliye mUrta ke dvArA mUrta ke AkarSaNa meM kahIM koI kaThinAI nahIM AtI hai| AtmA aura deha kA sambandha samajhane ke liye TelIvijana seTa aura hAI phrikvensI vidyuta cumbakIya taraMga kA udAharaNa paryApta hogaa| TelIvijana seTa ke parade para pratibimbita sajIva AkRtiyoM kI halana-calana tathA usameM se prasArita dhvani kA mUla kyA hai ? isakA risarca karane ke liye pUre seTa ko khola kara gaharAI se nirIkSaNa kiyA jAye to vividha TyUbeM, TrAMsaphaoNrmara Adi avayava milate haiN| ve citroM aura dhvani ko abhivyakti dene meM sahAyaka jarUra hote haiM kintu donoM kA mUla kucha aura hai, jisakA kArya hameM dikhAI par3a rahA hai| kintu svayaM adRzya haiN| ve haiM TelIvijana kI hAIphrikvensI trNgeN| unake abhAva meM nayA seTa bhI kyoM na ho, na citra uThegA, na dhvani kA prasAraNa bhii| ___indriyoM se una taraMgoM ko dekha nahIM sakate kintu TelIvijana seTa meM praviSTa hokara abhivyakta hotI haiN| AtmA, isI prakAra indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM, zarIra rUpI seTa meM praviSTa hotI hai, taba usake kArya dvArA astitva kI siddhi pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA - 81.

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pratyakSa hai| zarIra rUpI seTa ke mastiSka rUpa TrAMsphaoNrmara aura parade haiN| una para jJAna kI UrmiyAM, anubhUti, smRti Adi abhivyakta hote haiN| mastiSka mUla zakti nahIM, mUla zakti hai - cetanA (AtmA) jo hAI phrikvensI taraMga kI taraha adRzya rahakara kArya karatI hai| caitanya zakti ke binA zarIra-seTa sakriya nahIM ho sktaa| TelIvijana seTa kA upayoga karate-karate TyUbeM ghisa jAtI haiN| TrAMsphaoNrmara bigar3a jAtA hai to taraMgeM mRta seTa se prasArita nahIM hotIM / naye seTa kA Azraya pAkara usa seTa ke parade ko sajIva banA detI haiN| zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha bhI aisA hI hai| AtmA apanI abhivyakti ke lie ayogya aura jIrNa zarIra kA tyAga kara nayA zarIra cuna letI hai| pUrva zarIra kA nAza hone se usa para koI asara nahIM pdd'taa| kevala abhivyakti ke liye zarIra kI apekSA hai| jaise- TelIvijana se hAIphrikvensI vidyuta taraMgeM bhinna haiM vaise hI zarIra aura AtmA bhinna haiM / pAzcAtya dehAtma sambandha, jaina darzana kriyA-pratikriyAvAda kA pravartaka dekArta, nimittavAda kA gyUliMksa tathA melebrAnsa, samAnAntaravAda kA spinojA aura pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasyavAda kA lAibanIja / inhoMne dehAtma sambandha meM kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM Izvara ko mukhyatA dI hai| jaina darzana ne Izvara ko mAnya nahIM kiyA, usake sthAna para karma ko pratiSThita kiyA hai| jaba AtmA rAga-dveSAdi bhAvoM se karma kA baMdhana karatA hai, zabda se aisA abhivyaMjita hotA hai ki AtmA ne hI karmoM ko bAMdhA hai, karmoM ne AtmA ko nahIM / kintu vAstava meM bAta aisI nahIM hai / jisa prakAra AtmA karmoM ko bAMdhatA hai, usI prakAra karma bhI jIva (AtmA) ko bAMdhate haiN| paMcAdhyAyI meM kahA hai- 'jIvaH karma nibaddhohi jIva baddhaM hi karma tat ' (104) AtmA mUrta karmoM kA avagAhana karatA hai / usa paripAka ko pAkara mUrta karma bhI AtmA kA viziSTa rUpa se avagAhana karate haiM / dekArta ne AtmA aura zarIra ko pUrNa virodhI mAnA hai kintu jaina darzana meM pUrNa virodha nhiiN| zuddhAtmA zarIra se mukta hotI hai| usakA zarIra se virodha hai| saMsArI AtmA kA virodha nahIM kyoMki saMsArI AtmA kArmaNa zarIra se mukta jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 82

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nahIM ho sktii| dekArta ne AtmA kA nivAsa pIniyala meM kahA hai| yaha saMgata nhiiN| jaina darzana AtmA ko zarIra-parimANa mAnatA hai| kriyA-pratikriyAvAda ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kA abhimata hai ki zarIra aura AtmA eka-dUsare se prabhAvita haiN| myUliMksa evaM melebrAnsa kA nimittavAda pUrNa rUpa se IzvarAdhIna hai| jaina darzana ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna Izvara para nahIM chodd'aa| vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa Izvara nahIM, karma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| __ spinojA zarIra aura AtmA ko bhinna na mAnakara Izvara kA aMza mAnatA hai jo eka hI bhU-bhAga se bahane vAlI do dhArAoM kI taraha hai aura udgama sthala kI ekatA se paraspara sambandhita hai| jaina darzana isase sahamata nahIM ki zArIrika aura mAnasika kriyAeM samAnAntara calatI haiN| jaina darzana kI dhAraNA isase alaga hai| jaina darzana kahatA hai-jahAM pudgala kA vistAra hai vahAM AtmA kI upasthiti avazya hai| AtmA zarIra kA niyAmaka tattva hai, samAnAntara nhiiN| lAibanIja ne pUrva sthApita sAmaMjasyavAda meM deha aura AtmA donoM ko cetana kahA hai| inake nirmANa se pUrva hI Izvara ne sAmaMjasya sthApita kara diyaa| sArI kriyAoM kA AdhAra usake abhimata se Izvara hai| kintu jaina darzana kI dhAraNA meM saba-kucha Izvara hai to prANiyoM kA svataMtra astitva hI nahIM raha paataa| phira to vaha Izvara ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI bana jaaegaa| vyakti, kAla aura puruSArtha kA mahattva hI samApta ho jaayegaa| jaina darzana ko yaha mAnya nhiiN| usake anusAra kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha-pAMcoM kA samavAya hI pratyeka kriyA meM nimitta kAraNa hai| nirapekSa ekAntavAda yathArtha nahIM hai| isa prakAra pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne dehAtma samasyA kA jo samAdhAna diyA usameM ativAda kA hI poSaNa lagatA hai| yahAM jaina darzana ke anekAMtavAdI cintana meM sahI samAdhAna pratIta hotA hai| bhagavatI meM AtmA ke gati, indriya Adi dasa pariNAmI bhAva kA nirUpaNa hai| vaha AtmA aura zarIra kA abheda sUcita karatA hai| jIva ko savarNa, sagaMdha kahA hai jo isI kA sAkSya hai tathA jIva ko arUpI aura akarma kahA hai yaha bhedAbheda kI saccAI ko prakaTa karatA hai| jaina darzana meM zarIra ke pAMca prakAra mAne haiM- audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kaarmnn| upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke pAMca koSoM kI carcA hai- annamaya koSa pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA - .83.

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(sthUla zarIra, jo anna se niSpanna hai), prANamaya koSa (zarIra ke antargata vAyu tattva), manomaya koSa (mana kI saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka kriyA), vijJAnamaya koSa (buddhi kI vivecanAtmaka kriyA), Anandamaya koSa (Ananda kI sthiti)|10 tattvArtha aura ThANAMga meM zarIra kA vistRta varNana hai| zarIra kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai-"pratikSaNa zIryante iti zarIrANi' jo pratikSaNa jIrNa-zIrNa hotA hai, galana svabhAva hai, saMsArI AtmAoM kA nivAsa sthAna hai, jisake dvArA calanA-phiranA Adi gatyAtmaka kriyAeM hotI haiM, vaha zarIra hai| athavA-"paudgalika sukha-dukhAnubhava sAdhanaM shriirm|" jo paudgalika sukha-duHkha rUpa anubhUti kA sAdhana hai, vaha zarIra hai| jIva ke zarIra kI racanA, zarIra nAma karma ke udaya se hotI hai| zarIra nAma karma pA~ca prakAra kA hai-audArika aadi|12 audArika zarIra--jo rakta-mAMsa, asthi-majjA, raja Adi dhAtuoM aura upadhAtuoM se nirmita hai tathA vAta-pitta-zleSma, snAyu-zirA, jaTharAgni prabhRti isa zarIra kI saMpatti haiN| zarIra se AtmA alaga hone para bhI yaha zarIra TikA rahatA hai| isakA chedana-bhedana bhI ho sakatA hai| dhAtu-upadhAtu ke saMtulana para isakA astitva rahatA hai| devatA aura nAraka jIvoM ke atirikta anya saMsArI jIvoM ke yaha zarIra hotA hai| __ vaikriya zarIra--jisa zarIra se choTe-bar3e, sUkSma-sthUla, eka rUpa-aneka rUpa Adi vikriyAeM kI jAtI haiM, vaha vaikriya zarIra hai| yaha divya guNa-RddhiyoM se yukta hotA hai|13 ekatva aura pRthakatva aise vikriyA ke do prakAra haiN| apane zarIra ko siMha, vyAghra, hiraNa, haMsa Adi rUpoM meM parivartita karanA ekatva vikriyA hai| apane zarIra se bhinna makAna, nagara, maMDapa Adi upasthita karanA pRthakatva vikriyA hai| devatAoM aura nArakI jIvoM ke ye zarIra bhavotpanna haiN| ye labdhijanya bhI hote haiM evaM pratighAtarahita haiN| AhAraka zarIra-caturdaza pUrvadhara muni apanI jijJAsA samAhita karane hetu dUra saMcAra meM isakA prayoga karate haiN| tapasyA Adi viziSTa sAdhanA se prApta yoga zakti se isa zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai| gati apratihata hai| utpatti sthAna hai- mstissk|14 zarIra kA varNa ati viziSTa zubha sphaTika ke samAna ati dhavala hotA hai| Ayusthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai| .84 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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taijasa zarIra--tejapuMja pudgaloM se nirmita taijasa zarIra hai| prANI mAtra ke zarIra meM vidyamAna uSNatA se isakI siddhi hotI hai| yaha pAcana, sakriyatA evaM tejasvitA kA mUla hai| isase prANa zakti utpanna hotI hai jo sthUla zarIra, zvAsa, indriya, vacana aura mana ko saMcAlita karatI hai| AbhAmaMDala bhI isI se nirmita hotA hai, taijasa zarIra sUkSma zarIra hai| isake ilekTraoNna sthUla zarIra ke ilekTraoNnoM se adhika tIvra gati se calAyamAna hote haiN| hamAre arjita karma saMskAroM ke anusAra taijasa zarIra spaMdita hotA hai| prANadhArA vikiraNa karatA hai| svAbhAvika taijasa zarIra saba meM hotA hai kintu tapolabdha taijasa zarIra saba me nahIM hotaa| yaha tapasyA dvArA prApya hai| tapojanita taijasa zarIra meM anugraha aura nigraha kI zakti rahatI hai| vaijJAnika dRSTi se yaha eka zaktizAlI bijalIghara (paoNvara hAUsa) hai| ise esTrala baoNDI (sUkSma zarIra) kahA jAtA hai| gAmA, bITA, alTrA, vAyaleTa, inphrAreDa Adi vidyuta taraMgoM kA sundara samanvaya hai taijasa shriir| pratyeka vyakti apane zvAsa se vAyumaMDala sthita vidyuta kaNoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| ve samasta UtakoM evaM koSoM ko saMpoSita kara punaH tvacA se niSkAsita ho vAyumaMDala meM vyApta ho jAte haiN| hRdaya kI dhar3akana, mAMsapeziyoM kA AMkucana-prasAraNa, rasAyana-hArmonsa kA utpAdana Adi isa vidyuta zarIra ke kriyA-kalApa haiN| Adhunika anusaMdhAnoM ne taijasa zarIra ke astitva ko adhika puSTi dI hai| yaha zakti vikiraNa kA kendra tathA pUre sthUla zarIra meM vyApta rahatA hai| taijasa zarIra, jIva aura sthUla zarIra ke bIca setu tathA saMparka adhikArI kA kArya karatA hai| kArmaNa zarIra-karma samUha se niSpanna kArmaNa zarIra hai| taijasa zarIra sUkSma hai| kArmaNa ati sUkSma zarIra hai| taijasa aura kArmaNa-donoM abhinna sahacArI haiN| donoM ke bIca itanI abhinnatA hai ki eka-dUsare se alaga nahIM rhte| kArmaNa zarIra ko karma zarIra yA kAraNa zarIra (Causal body) bhI kahate haiN| yaha ATha karmoM ke pudgala samUhoM kA samavAya hai, karmoM kA prarohaka 6, utpAdaka evaM sukha-duHkha kA bIja hai| karma zarIra saMskAroM kA vAhaka hai| janma-janmAntara kI saMskAra paramparA isake sAtha jur3I huI hai| vyakti kA caritra, vyavahAra, jJAna, vyaktitva, kartRtva pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna : samanvaya kI bhUmikA .85 .

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Adi sabakA bIja karma zarIra meM hai / jeneTika sAiMsa ke anusAra vyakti ke AkAra-prakAra aura saMskAra kA AdhAra 'jInsa' haiN| paitRka saMskAroM ke saMvAhaka isa 'jIna' kI racanA DI. ena. e. (Deoxyribo Nucleuic acid) nAmaka skaMdhoM se hotI hai| pratyeka jIna zrRMkhalA meM DhAI araba AdhAra kaNa ke jor3e hote haiN| vyaktitva nirmANa meM ye mUlabhUta kAraNa haiN| inameM saMgRhIta sUcanAoM kA AnumAnika parimANa pustakArUr3ha kiyA jAye to pustaka kI pRSTha saMkhyA pAMca lAkha taka pahuMca sakatI hai| DaoN. sTenara ne manuSya ke bhItara cAra zarIroM kA nivAsa mAnA haiphijikala baoNDI, etharika baoNDI, esTrala baoNDI aura Igo / phijikala baoNDI ko mRtyu ke bAda sUkSma zarIra aura Igo chor3akara cale jAte haiN| etharika baoNDI ke vilInIkaraNa meM tIna dina lagate haiN| jIva kI sAta sthitiyAM bhI batalAI haiM- 18 phijikala boDI ithara boDI esTrala boDI menTala boDI spricyuala boDI kaoNsmika boDI voDIsa boDI bhautika zarIra kAraNa zarIra sUkSma zarIra mAnasika zarIra cetana zarIra divya zarIra jIvana mukta Physical body Etheric body Astral body Mental body Spiritual body Cosmic body Bodyless body parAmanovijJAna meM 'sUkSma zarIra nyutrilona kaNoM se nirmita hai| ye kaNa aise haiM jinameM bhAra nahIM hai| vidyuta Aveza nahIM hai| prasphuTana nahIM hai| isa AdhAra para vaijJAnikoM ne una kaNoM ko abhautika mAnA hai / nyutrilona kaNa kore kaNa ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhe jaate| jaba dUsare kaNoM ke sAtha saMgharSa hotA hai taba pakar3a meM Ate haiN| ve sUkSma paramANu sUkSma zarIra kA nirmANa karate haiN| sUkSma zarIra ke dvArA vicitra ghaTanAeM ghaTita hotI haiM / ' 19 ukta sAta zarIroM ke bhI apane-apane prabhAva aura kArya haiN| bhautika zarIra janmajAta hai, indriyagamya hai| kAraNa zarIra sUkSma aura adRzya hai| sUkSma zarIra ke jAgane se tarka zakti, anubhUti, viparIta liMga ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hatA hai| pariveza ke anusAra isakA vikAsa hotA hai| kalA, saundarya, vijJAna, kalpanA, jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 86.

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vaicArika evaM AdhyAtmika krAMti mAnasa zarIra ke avadAna haiN| divya zarIra kI upalabdhi, atIndriya zaktiyoM kA vikAsa jIvanamukta avasthA kA sambandha paramAtmA se hai| maharSi araviMda ne kahA- sthUla zarIra ke atirikta aneka sUkSma zarIra haiN| unake nirmAtA hama hI haiM / paramahaMsa svAmI yogAnaMda ke vicAroM meM- mAnava AtmA tIna zarIroM se AveSTita hai| manomaya koSa - kAraNa zarIra, sUkSma prANamaya koSa, jo manuSya kI mAnasika aura zArIrika bhAvanAtmaka pravRtti kI lIlAbhUmi hai, annamaya koSa - bhautika zarIra / taijasa, kArmaNa zarIra atyanta sUkSma haiN| inakI gati meM loka kI koI bhI vastu bAdhaka nahIM bntii| karma zarIra saba zarIroM kA mUla hai| sthUla zarIra kA sIdhA saMparka taijasa zarIra se hai, taijasa zarIra kA karma zarIra se hai aura karma zarIra kA cetanA se hai| jIva aura zarIra kI carcA hara darzana meM upalabdha hai| audArika zarIra kI apekSA AtmA mUrta hai / kArmaNa kI apekSA amUrta / sApekSa dRSTi se AtmA aura zarIra meM bhedAbheda hai / prazna hotA hai- AtmA aura karma kA sambandha kaba se hai ? kyoM hai ? isa saMdarbha meM dArzanikoM ke matabheda hai / sambandha ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna haiN| unakA vizleSaNa agale adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| yahAM itanA hI ullekha karanA paryApta hogA ki zarIra aura cetanA bhinna dharmaka haiN| cetana zarIra kA nirmAtA hai / zarIra cetanA kA adhiSThAna hai| isaliye donoM meM kriyA-pratikriyA hotI rahatI hai / yahI anAdi sambandha hai| jar3a-cetana kA saMyoga saMsAra hai| unakA viyoga mukti hai| sthiti parimANa--audArika zarIra kI kama se kama sthiti antarmuhUrta evaM utkRSTa tIna palpoyama kI hai| vaikriya zarIra kI jaghanya sthiti eka samaya utkRSTa taiMtIsa sAgaropama kI hotI hai| AhAraka zarIra kI jaghanya va adhikatama sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai / taijasa kArmaNa kI anAdi - ananta aura anAdi- sAnta hai| pAribhASika zabdoM meM kArmaNa zarIra ko karma zarIra evaM zeSa zarIroM ko karma zarIra kahate haiM / taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra jIva ke sAtha anAdikAla se haiN| zeSa tIna zarIroM kA sambandha asthAyI hai| pAzcAtya evaM jaina darzana kA prasthAna samanvaya kI bhUmikA 87.

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jainAgama ke anusAra jisa prANI ke zarIra kA jitanA AkAra hotA hai| usakI AtmA kA bhI utanA hI AkAra hotA hai, jaise dIpaka kA prakAza sthAna ke anusAra saMkucita yA vistRta hotA rahatA hai / yahI sthiti AtmA kI hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. R Descartes, a Discourse on method, pp. 8,91 2. Scrupulously to aviod precipitancy, and prejudice in judgement to accept nothing as true which can not be clearly recognised as such...so clearly and so distinctly that I have no occasion for doubting it. -R Descartes 3. To divide each of the difficulties in to as many part's as may be required for its adequate solution -R Descartes 4. To develop an orderely connection of thinking starting with simple facts and gradually leading to more complex, problem. I may ascent little by little as it were step, to the knowledge of the more complex. . -R Descartes 5. In all cases to make enumerations so complete, 6. It must therefore be a substance; but it has been shown that there is no material substance. It remains therefore that the cause of ideas is an incorporeal active substance or spirit. -Berkeley Introduction 7. We comprehend our won existance by inward feeling or reflection and of other spirits by reasm. 8. Berkeley Introduction. Human Knowledge p. 140 9. dhavalA, pu. 9 pR. 279 / 10. sarvArtha siddhi 9 / 36 / 194|4| 11. prajJApanA zarIra pada 21 | 12. rAjavArtika 24714, 152|7| 13. gommaTasAra ( jIva kANDa) 237 14. SaT khaMDAgama 14|5| 15. ghaTa-ghaTa dIpa jale (AcAryazrI mahAprajJa) pR. 39 / 16. ThANaM 2|43| 17. After life pR. 193 / 18. AstikatA kI dArzanika evaM vaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi pR. 92 / * 88 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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Q OGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO caturtha adhyAya karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA UIGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO bhAratIya darzana meM karma manovijJAna evaM karma * karma kI vibhinna avasthAeM * karmoM kI vipAka prakriyA * Adhunika vijJAna evaM karma * karmazAstra aura zarIra vijJAna * AtmA kA Antarika vAtAvaraNa, paristhiti ke ghaTaka * jaina karmavAda, samanvayAtmaka cintana * karmavAda kisakA samarthaka, niyativAda yA puruSArthavAda ? * karmavAda kA itihAsa . jaina karma siddhAMta aura usakA vikAsa * jaina karmavAda kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM * kloniMga tathA karma siddhAMta * karma siddhAMta aura kvAnTam yAMtrikI * jaina karma siddhAMta kI chaH avadhAraNAeM OUVIGOGO GUT ZUIGUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIO OOUUUUUUUUGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO

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karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA mUrta aura amUrta, jar3a evaM cetana, AtmA aura karma kA sambandha vicitra hai| donoM kA svabhAva sarvathA bhinna hai| phira donoM meM sambandha kaise huA ? kaba huA? sambandha hone meM mUlabhUta kAraNa kyA haiM? ye prazna jIvana ke uSAkAla se hI mAnava mastiSka ko jhakajhorate rahe haiN| jisa prakAra ye prazna sanAtana kAla se cale A rahe haiM usI prakAra inakA uttara sAtha-sAtha diyA jA rahA hai| pratyeka cintaka ne apanI-apanI kalpanA ke anusAra samAdhAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina darzana isa saMyoga ko anAdi mAnatA hai| isameM paurvAparya nahIM nikAlA jA sktaa| donoM zAzvata bhAva se sAtha-sAtha cala rahe haiN| yaha koI jaTila samasyA nahIM, prAyaH sabhI Astika darzanoM ne saMsAra evaM jIvAtmA ko anAdi mAnA hai| AtmA anAdi kAla se hI karmabaddha aura vikArI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ne jagata ko IzvarakRta mAnakara bhI saMsAra tathA cetana evaM zarIra ke sambandha ko anAdi svIkAra kiyA hai| anAdi nahIM mAneM to karma siddhAMta kI mAnyatA nirmala ho jAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki upaniSadoM ke TIkAkAroM meM zaMkara ko brahma aura mAyA kA anAditva mAnya karanA pdd'aa| bhAskarAcArya ne satya rUpa upAdhi kA brahma ke sAtha anAdi sambandha, rAmAnuja, nimbArka evaM mAdhva ne avidyA ko anAdi kahA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti evaM puruSa, bauddhamata meM nAma evaM rUpa kA sambandha anAdi hai| vallabha ke anusAra brahma aura usakA kArya anAdi hai vaise hI jaina darzana meM jIva aura karma kA saMyoga anAdi hai| yadi karmoM se pUrva AtmA ko mAneM to usake karma baMdhana kA koI kAraNa najara nahIM aataa| karma ko AtmA se pUrva kahA jAye to karma kA utpAdaka kauna thA? -prazna khar3A hotA hai| usakA samAdhAna kisI ke pAsa nahIM hogaa| ataH inakA sambandha apazcAnupUrvI kahanA hI ucita hai| anAdi-nidhana hai| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA

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pudgala meM eka AkarSaNa zakti hai| dharatI evaM nakSatroM kA AkarSaNa yathArtha satya hai| sampUrNa brahmANDa meM vidyut cumbakIya taraMgeM vyApta haiN| usI prakAra sampUrNa lokAkAza' meM kArmaNa vargaNA ke paramANu taraMgoM ke rUpa meM phaile hue haiN| ___ AtmA meM pUrva sthita karma vargaNA kaSAyoM kI nyUnAdhikatA ke AdhAra para Atma-pradezoM ko spaMdita karatI hai| kaMpana evaM spaMdana kriyA se karma-paramANuoM meM AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa kI prakriyA calatI hai| jo pudagala karma rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM kArmaNa vargaNA kahate haiN| karma pudgala padArtha haiM, acetana haiM, kintu jaba jIva ke sAtha saMzliSTa hote haiM taba unakI sthitija UrjA (Potantial energy) bar3ha jAtI hai| karmoM kI sthitija UrjA ko gatija UrjA (Kinetic energy) meM rUpAntarita karane vAle mithyAtva Adi Asrava nimitta haiN| karma kI avyakta zakti jIva ko baMdhana meM rakhatI hai| vaha zakti prakAza, dhvani aura vidyuta taraMgoM se sUkSma aura ilekTraoNna evaM proTona se anaMta guNA sUkSma hai| baMdhana kyA hai ? ___ isakA zAbdika artha hai-jur3anA, baMdhanA, milanA, saMyukta honaa| baMdha do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA hotA hai| jIva apane vaibhAvika bhAvoM se karmaparamANuoM kA baMdha karatA hai| rAga-dveSa ke yoga se karma paramANu AtmA ke sAtha saMpRkta hone para kemikala kambinezana (Chemical Combination) rAsAyanika sAMyogika prakriyA hotI hai use baMdha kahate hai| baMdha bhI pudgala kI hI eka paryAya hai| jIva aura karma kA eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAnA yA donoM kA vyavasthAkaraNa hI baMdha hai| baMdha do prakAra kA hai-prAyogika aura vaisrsik| jIva aura karma kA sambandha prayatnasAdhya hai isaliye prAyogika hai| bAdaloM kA saMyoga vaisrasika hai kyoMki vaha svAbhAvika hai| umAsvAti ke mantavya se kaSAya bhAva ke kAraNa jIva kA karma pudgaloM meM AkrAMta ho jAnA hI baMdha hai| jaina darzana meM baMdhana kI aura aneka paribhASAeM upalabdha haiN| AcArAMga meM karma-srotoM kI carcA vividha rUpa meM milatI hai| usameM kahIM atipAta srota (hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna, parigraha) ko", kahIM triyoga rUpa srota (mana,vacana,kAyA kI pravRtti), kahIM mAtra hiMsA ko , kahIM ajJAna aura pramAda ko, kahIM rAga ko , kahIM moha kodeg, kahIM lobha, kahIM kAmAsakti ko karma-srota ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| jahAM jaisA prasaMga AyA tadanurUpa una - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kAraNoM kA ullekha hai| dvitIya'2 zrutaskaMdha meM bhI karma baMdhana ke hetuoM kA nirUpaNa hai| isase siddha hai ki AcArAMga sUtra ke AdhAra para sampUrNa loka karmasrotoM se parivyApta hai| AtmA ke sAtha karma kA baMdha kaise hotA hai ? kina kAraNoM se hotA hai ? karma AtmA ke sAtha kitane samaya taka rahate hai ? AtmA ke sAtha lage hue karma kitane samaya taka phaladAna meM asamartha haiM ? Adi aneka praznoM kA samAdhAna karmavAda se hI saMbhava hai| anya dArzanikoM ne karma baMdha ke saMdarbha meM aneka bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM ko prastuti dI hai| bhAratIya darzana meM karma vedAnta meM karma baMdha kA hetu ajJAna, sAMkhya meM jJAna kA viparyaya ajJAna, baMdha kA hetu hai| nyAya-vaizeSika meM baMdha ke hetu-rAga-dveSa, moha haiN| rAga se kAma, mAtsarya, spRhA, tRSNA aura lobha-ye pAMca doSa utpanna hote haiN| dveSa se krodha, IrSyA, asUyA, tRSNA aura AmarSa aadi| ina doSoM se saMsAra baMdha hotA hai| moha inameM pradhAna hai kyoMki moha se hI avidyA, rAga-dveSa kA udbhava hai| vaizeSika darzana meM avidyA ke cAra kAraNa haiM-saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya, svapna / yoga darzana meM baMdha kA kAraNa hai-klesh| klezoM kA mUla avidyA hai| sAMkhya darzana kA avidyA zabda, yoga darzana ke kleza ke samakakSa hai| kleza pAMca haiM13- tamasa, moha, mahAmoha, tAmisra, aNdhkaar| jaina darzana meM baMdha kA hetu Asrava bhI mAnA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM usake pAMca prakAra haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya, yog| viparyaya, kleza, avidyA, aura mithyAtva inameM kAphI artha-sAmya hai| kleza pAMca haiM, Azrava bhI pAMca haiN| pAMca klezoM kI tulanA sAMkhya ke pAMca tattvoM se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| jaisesAMkhya yoga jaina darzana avidyA tamas mithyAtva asmitA moha avirati rAga mahAmoha pramAda dveSa tAmisra kaSAya abhiniveza andha tamisra yoga karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 93.

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avidyA ke cAra pAda haiM-anitya meM nitya, apavitra meM pavitra, duHkha meM sukha aura anAtmA meM AtmA kA jJAna hai| jaina darzana meM kaSAya ke cAra pAda haiM kaSAya. krodha mAna mAyA lobha TIkAkAroM ne krodha aura mAna ko dveSa tathA mAyA aura lobha ko rAga kI saMjJA dI hai| pramAda ko baMdha kA hetu isalie mAnA ki vaha eka prakAra kA asaMyama hai isalie avirati yA kaSAya meM samAhita ho jAtA hai| sUkSmatA se adhyayana kareM to mithyAtva evaM avirati donoM kaSAya ke svarUpa se bhinna nahIM haiN| kahIM-kahIM yoga aura kaSAya ko baMdha kA hetu kahA hai| yoga, prakRti aura pradezabaMdha kA nimitta hai| kaSAya, sthiti aura anubhAga kA kAraNa hai| nemIcandra zAstrI siddhAnta cakravartI ne likhA- jisa caitanya pariNAma se karma baMdhatA hai, vaha bhAva baMdha hai| karma aura Atma-pradezoM kA eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAnA dravya baMdha hai| kula milAkara rAga-dveSa, kaSAya yA Azrava-sabhI AtmA kI vaibhAvika avasthAeM haiN| vibhAva baMdha kA kAraka hai| mithyAdarzana ajJAna kA sUcaka hai| AtmA kI mUr3ha dazA hai| darzana moha se yukta hai| ayathArtha dRSTikoNa hI mithyAtva (ignoreMsa) hai| mithyAtva, samyaktva kA pratipakSI hai| mithyAtva ke do prakAra haiM-viparyAsAtmaka aura andhigmaatmk| __ "yadyapi jIvAdi padArtheSu tattvamiti nizcayAtmakasya samyaktvasya pratipakSabhUtaM mithyAtvaM vividhameva paryavasyati-jIvAdayo na tattvamiti viparyAsAtmakaM / jIvAdayostattvamiti nizcayAbhAvaM rUpAnadhigamAtmakaM c| tadAha vAcaka mukhyaH anadhigama viparyayau mithyAtvam iti|" arthAt jIvAdi tattvoM meM nizcayAtmaka tattva buddhi kA nAma samyagdarzana hai aura isakA pratipakSa mithyAtva hai| jIvAdi tattvabhUta padArthoM meM ayathArtha buddhi viparyAsAtmaka mithyAtva hai aura jIvAdi tattvabhUta padArtha hai-aisA jJAna hI na ho, usa ajJAna ko anadhigamAtmaka mithyAtva kahate haiN| .94. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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mithyAtva ke chaha vikalpa haiM1. nAstyevAtmA AtmA nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| 2. na nityAtmA AtmA nitya nahIM hai| 3. na kartA AtmA svayaM karma kA kartA nahIM hai| 4. kRtaM na vedayati __ kRtakarma kA vedana nahIM hai| 5. nAsti nirvANam mokSa bhI nahIM hai| 6. nAsti mokSopAya mokSa prApti ke upAya bhI nahIM haiN| yaha mithyA dRSTi mithyAtva Azrava hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne Azrava kI paribhASA isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita kI hai-"kAya vAG manaH karmayogaH sa AzravaH" kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA yoga hai| vahI Azrava hai| Azrava ke dravyAsrava, bhAvAsrava-aise do vibhAga aura bhI haiN| jIva kI vikArI manodazA bhAvAsrava hai| usa samaya nae karma-paramANuoM kA svataH AtmA ke eka kSetra meM AnA dravyAsrava hai| bhAvAsrava, dravyAsrava kA kAraNa hai| dravyAsrava kArya hai| kaSAyoM ke kAraNa bhAvAsrava kI sthiti tailayukta zarIra jaisI aura dravyAsrava kI sthiti hai ur3atI huI dhUla kA zarIra para cipaka jaanaa| avirati-(Want of self-restraint) avirati yAnI virati kA abhaav| bhItara meM eka pyAsa hai, Aga hai, atRpta cAha hai, kucha pAne kI adamya AkAMkSA hai| usakA jo srota hai vahI avirati hai| avirati se caMcalatA bar3hatI hai, sakriyatA bar3hatI hai| athavA yoM kaha sakate haiM ki amaryAdita evaM asaMyata jIvana praNAlI hI avirati Asrava hai| manovijJAna meM mana ke tIna stara haiM- adasa mana, ahaM mana, adhizAstA mn| adasa mana--isameM AkAMkSAeM paidA hotI haiN| jitanI bhI pravRttyAtmaka AkAMkSAeM aura icchAeM haiM ve sabhI isI mana se paidA hotI haiN| ahaM mana-samAja vyavasthA kI ora se jo niyaMtraNa prApta hotA hai usase AkAMkSAeM niyaMtrita ho jAtI haiN| ve kucha parimArjita ho jAtI haiN| ahaM mana icchAoM ko kriyAnvita nahIM krtaa| adhizAstA mana--yaha ahaM para bhI aMkuza rakhatA hai| avirati yAnI chipI huI caah| vibhinna prakAra kI tamannAeM haiN| unheM karmazAstra meM avirati karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA - - 95.

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Asrava kahA hai| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM use adas mana kahA jAtA hai| adas mana aura avirati samakakSa haiN| pramAda Asrava (Inadvertance) pramAda kA artha hai- vismRti, mUrchA, anutsaah| jAgarUkatA apramAda hai| jo adhyAtma kI jIvaMta anumodanA hai| pramAda, Atma-vismRti hai|" pramAda karma rUpa hai| aindrayika lolupatA, tandrA, mUrchA, Avega Adi pramAda ke hI lakSaNa haiN| jaba taka mithyA dRSTikoNa hai, AkAMkSAeM banI rahatI haiN| AkAMkSAoM ke pariveza meM sva-vismRti asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| kaSAya Asrava (Passions) rAga-dveSAtmaka uttApa ko kaSAya kahate haiN| rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa krodha (Anger), mAna (Vanity), mAyA (Descitfulness), lobha (Avarice)-ye cAra mUla Avega haiN| hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, ghRNA, kAma Adi upa-Avega haiN| ina AvegoM kI pRSThabhami meM rAga-dveSAtmaka saMvedana kAma karate haiN| yoga Asrava (Activities of mind, speech and body) mana, vacana aura kAyA kI kriyAzIlatA ko yoga kahate haiN| mana, indriyoM kA niyantA hai| vacana antastha bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA kA mAdhyama hai| zarIra kriyAzakti kA kendra hai| isa sambandha meM mahAvIra-gautama kA saMvAda mananIya hai| bhaMte ! jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma kA baMdhana karatA hai? hAM, gautama! bhaMte ! vaha kina kAraNoM se karma bAMdhatA hai ? gautama ! usake do hetu haiM- pramAda aura yog| bhaMte ! pramAda kisase utpanna hotA hai ? yoga se| bhaMte ! yoga kisase utpanna hotA hai? vIrya, parAkrama, pravRtti se| bhaMte ! vIrya kisase utpanna hotA hai ? zarIra se| bhaMte ! zarIra kisase utpanna hotA hai ? jIva se / 16 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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tAtparya yaha hai ki zarIra kA nirmAtA jIva hai| kriyAtmaka vIrya kA sAdhana zarIra hai| AtmA aura zarIra ke saMyoga se utpanna vIrya ko kriyAtmaka zakti kahA hai| ataH zarIradhArI jIva hI pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karma kA baMdha karatA hai| ataH donoM baMdha ke kAraNa haiN| sthAnAMga aura prajJApanA meM karma baMdha kA kAraNa kaSAya hai / 17 samavAyAMga'8 meM kaSAya aura yoga, bhagavatI' meM pramAda aura yoga tathA gommaTa sAra20 meM cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha hai| yadi bandhanoM ke pramukha kAraNoM kI mImAMsA kareM to mUlabhUta tIna kAraNa haiM-rAga-dveSa, moh| bauddha darzana meM Asrava tIna haiM-kAma, bhava, avidyaa| avidyA-mithyAtva, kAma-kaSAya aura bhava-punarjanma ke samAnArthI zabda haiN| Asrava ke sambandha meM donoM meM matabheda nahIM hai| bauddha darzana21 meM lobha, dveSa aura moha ko bhI baMdhana kA nimitta mAnA hai| baMdhana kI mUlabhUta tripuTI kA sApekSa sambandha bhI hai| ajJAna (moha) ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti hotI hai| rAga-dveSa yathArtha jJAna se vaMcita kara dete haiN| avidyA se tRSNA bar3hatI hai| tRSNA se mohayaha eka vartula hai| gItA meM AsurI sampadA ko baMdhana kA hetu mAnA hai| dambha, darpa, abhimAna, krodha, pAruSya (kaThoravANI) evaM ajJAna AsurI sampadA haiN| karma vargaNA ke AkarSaNa kA nimitta rAgAdi bhAva haiN| jIva kI svAbhAvikatA jaba bhaMga hotI hai taba karmAvaraNa kI dIvAra khar3I ho jAtI hai| rAga-dveSa kI snigdhatA loha cumbaka kI taraha karmANuoM ko AkRSTa karatI hai taba unakA AtmA ke sAtha saMzleSa ho jAtA hai| samavAyAMga22 aura tattvArtha sUtra meM baMdha ke cAra bhedoM kA vizleSaNa hai-prakRti-baMdha, sthiti-baMdha, anubhAga-baMdha, prdesh-bNdh| prakRti-baMdha-rAgAdi bhAvoM se AkarSita karmANuoM ke svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa prakRti-baMdha hai| karmoM ke svabhAva bhinna-bhinna hote haiN| apane-apane svabhAva sahita jIva se sambandhita honA prakRti-baMdha hai| yaha svabhAva vyavasthA hai| karma paramANu kArya bheda se ATha bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAte haiN| kyoMki karma kI mUla prakRtiyAM ATha hI haiN| sthiti-baMdha-yaha kAla-maryAdA kI vyavasthA hai| koI bhI karma apanI kAla-maryAdA ke anusAra hI AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| sthiti samApta hote hI AtmA se pRthak ho jAtA hai| sthiti-baMdha kA AdhAra kaSAya kI nyUnAdhikatA hai| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA

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anubhAga-baMdha-AtmA se anubaMdhita karmoM meM phaladAna kI zakti ko anubhAga-baMdha kahate haiN| yaha karma phaladAna kI vyavasthA hai| isake anusAra karma pudgaloM meM rasa kI tIvratA evaM maMdatA kA nirmANa hotA hai| pradeza-baMdha-pradeza-baMdha meM jIva aura pudgala pradeza kSIra-nIra kI taraha eka kSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiN| vaha pradeza-baMdha hai| yaha karma kA vyavasthAkaraNa hai| baMdha kI cAroM avasthAeM eka sAtha hotI haiN| karma-vyavasthA ke ye pradhAna aMga haiN| AtmA aura karma pudgaloM ke ekIbhAva kI dRSTi se pradeza-baMdha kA sthAna pahalA hai| pradeza-baMdha ke sAtha hI svabhAva-nirmANa, kAla-maryAdA, aura phaladAna-zakti kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| ___ karma sAhitya meM prakRti baMdha ke do prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai- mUla prakRti-baMdha, uttara prkRti-bNdh| jJAnAvaraNIya23 Adi ATha karma mUla prakRti-baMdha haiN| svabhAva yA kArya-bheda ke kAraNa ATha bheda hote haiN| jaise eka bAra meM khAyA huA bhojana pacakara khUna, rakta, mAMsa, majjA, mala-mUtra, vAta-pitta, zleSmA Adi aneka rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra AtmA ke pariNamana se eka bAra meM grahaNa kiye gaye pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNIya Adi vibhinna rUpoM meM pariNata ho jAte haiN| ___ karma ke mUla ATha bheda haiN| unakI uttara prakRtiyAM eka sau ar3atAlIsa prabhedoM meM vibhakta haiN| paMcAdhyAyI meM uttara prakRti ke avAntara bheda asaMkhyAta hone kA bhI ullekha hai| 1. jJAnAvaraNIya- jJAna ko AvRta karatA hai jaise bAdala sUrya prakAza ko AvRta karatA hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIya- jo karma vargaNAeM darzana-zakti meM bAdhaka hotI haiN| jaise dvArapAla rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka banatA hai| 3. vedanIya- sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA kA anubhava karAtA hai| 4. mohanIya- viveka-zakti ko kuNThita kara detA hai, jaise madyapAna se viveka lupta ho jAtA hai| 5. AyuSya- yaha vividhi gatiyoM meM jIvana kI avadhi kA niyAmaka hai| isa karma kI tulanA kArAgRha se kI jA sakatI hai| 6. nAmakarma- yaha gati Adi paryAyoM ke anubhava ke liye bAdhya karatA hai tathA vividha paramANuoM se zarIra kI racanA kA dAyitva nibhAtA hai| .98 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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7. gotrakarma- gotrakarma pratiSThita evaM apratiSThita kula meM janma kA kAraNa hai| 8. antarAya- jo dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya zakti ke upayoga meM avarodhaka banatA hai, vaha aMtarAya karma hai| uttara prakRtiyoM ke anukrama se bheda haiM5+9+2+28+4+93+2+5 = 148 bheda haiN| karma prakRtiyoM kA sambandha prakRti-baMdha se hai| paMca-saMgraha Adi meM prakRti baMdha ke anya cAra baMdhoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai| jaise-sAdi baMdha,anAdi baMdha, dhruva baMdha, adhruvbNdh| sabhI prakRtiyAM puNya-pApa ubhaya rUpa haiN| inameM pudgala vipAkI, kSetra vipAkI, bhava vipAkI, jIva vipAkI-aisA vargIkaraNa bhI hai|24 ___ kaSAya aura yoga ke nimitta se karmoM kA AdAna hotA hai| kaSAya goMda yA pAnI ke taraha hai to yoga havA ke samAna hai| jaise-havA dvArA AI huI dhUla gIlI yA goMdayukta dIvAra para cipaka jAtI hai| usI prakAra yoga rUpa havA se gRhIta karmaraja kaSAyayukta Atma-pradeza rUpa dIvAra para cipaka jAtI hai| samajhanA yaha hai ki sabhI jIvoM meM na to karmoM kI mAtrA samAna hotI hai, na unakI sthiti aura phala dene kI shkti| jaina cintakoM ne kama yA adhika mAtrA meM karma paramANu kyoM hote haiM isakA kAraNa yoga rUpa vAyu ke vega ko mAnA hai|25 karmoM ke vargIkaraNa kI aisI vivecanA jaina darzana ke atirikta kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotii| kintu baMdhana evaM janma-maraNa kI paramparA ke kArakoM kI vyAkhyA jaina darzana kI taraha bauddhoM ke pratItya samutpAda meM bhI upalabdha hai| usakA Azaya hai ki pratyeka utpAda kA koI pratyaya, hetu yA kAraNa avazya hai| jaba utpAda sahetuka haiM to hamAre baMdhana yA duHkha kA bhI hetu koI avazya hogaa| jaina darzana meM darzana moha evaM cAritra moha meM pArasparika kArya-kAraNa sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM avidyA aura tRSNA kA sambandha hai| avidyA yA darzanamoha ahetuka nahIM haiN| avidyA kA hetu tRSNA evaM darzana moha kA hetu caritramoha hai| ___ bauddha darzana meM pratItya samutpAda kI bAraha kar3iyoM kA ullekha hai| jaina darzana ke karmoM kA jo vargIkaraNa hai, donoM meM kAphI nikaTatA dekhI jAtI hai| jaise karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA -

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jaina paramparA bauddha paramparA moha karma kI sattA-avasthA / 1. avidyA 1 2. saMskAra moha karma kA vipAka aura 3. tRSNA 24. upAdAna naye baMdha kI avasthA 5. bhava jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya 6. vijJAna AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura 17. nAma-rUpa vedanIya kI vipAka avasthA 8. SaDAyatana / 9. sparza 10. vedanA bhAvI jIvana ke liye AyuSya, nAma, gotra Adi karmoM ke J11. jAti baMdha kI avasthA / 12. jarA-maraNa manovijJAna-karmaAdhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAnatA hai- jJAnAtmaka (Cognitive), bhAvAtmaka (Affective) aura saMkalpAtmaka (Conative) / isa AdhAra para cetanA ke tIna kArya haiM- 1. jAnanA, 2. anubhUti, 3. icchA krnaa| isa viSaya para prAcIna samaya se bhAratIya manISiyoM ne kAphI ciMtana kiyA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne cetanA ke tIna pakSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jJAna-cetanA, karma-cetanA, krmphl-cetnaa|26 tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekheM to manovijJAna ne jJAna-cetanA ko jJAnAtmaka pakSa, karmaphala-cetanA ko bhAvAtmaka pakSa aura karma-cetanA ko saMkalpAtmaka pakSa se abhihita kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM bhI isI prakAra cetanA ke tIna staroM kA nirUpaNa hai jo jaina darzana evaM manovijJAna se kAphI sAmya rakhatA hai| jaina darzana bauddha manovijJAna jJAna-cetanA sannA yA kriyA-cetanA jJAnAtmaka pakSa karmaphala-cetanA vipAka-cetanA yA vedanA bhAvAtmaka pakSa karma-cetanA cetanA (saMkalpa) saMkalpAtmaka pakSa .100 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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inameM na jJAnAtmaka pakSa baMdhana kA kAraNa hai, na anubhUtyAtmaka pkss| tIsarA saMkalpAtmaka pakSa-jise karma-cetanA kahate haiM, baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| jJAna-cetanA karma baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM banatI, kyoMki vaha bandhana-mukta AtmAoM ke hotI hai| karmaphala-cetanA bhI karma baMdha meM nimitta nahIM kyoMki kevalI yA arhata meM bhI vedanIya karma kA phala bhogane ke kAraNa karmaphala cetanA to hotI hai kintu bandhana kA nimitta nahIM bntii| mUla karma-cetanA hI rAga-dveSa yA kaSAyAdi bhAvoM kI kartA hai| baMdha tattva vyApaka hai| baMdha kyA hai ? baMdha kisakA hotA hai ? baMdha kA hetu kyA hai ? baMdha kI prakriyA, baMdha ke bheda-prabheda Adi kA vizleSaNa kiyA gyaa| karma kA mukhya kArya hai saMsAra kA parAvartana kraanaa| jaina darzana meM jIva evaM karma kA sambandha eka sAMyogika prakriyA hai| vividha saMvedanAtmaka anubhUtiyAM bhI karmoM ke sAMyogika pariNAma ke pratiphala haiN| jIva anaMta haiN| unase bhI anaMta guNa-karma-vargaNAeM haiM aura una karmavargaNAoM se brahmANDa paripUirita hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM samasta prAkRtika ghaTanAeM padArtha evaM UrjA kI pArasparika pratikriyAoM (Interaction) ke kAraNa haiN| isI taraha jIva aura jagat meM jo vividhatAeM parilakSita haiN| unakA mUlabhUta kAraNa hai-jIva evaM sUkSmatama paudgalika kaNoM kI pArasparika pratikriyAoM kI nissptti| AtmA meM prati samaya rAga-dveSAtmaka koI na koI bhAva avazya rahatA hai| una bhAvoM se Atma pradeza prakaMpita hote haiN| usa sthiti meM jIva kI yogazakti samIpa kI karma-vargaNAoM ko AkarSita kara apane sAtha ekarUpa kara letI hai| ve hI karma-vargaNAeM karma nAma se abhihita hotI haiN| bhAva karma bhItara kI jaivikarAsAyanika prakriyA hai| dravya karma zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyA hai| donoM eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| __ karma ke do prakAra haiM-dravya aura bhaav| mAnasika cintana bhAva karma hai| jo ina bhAvoM kA preraka hai, vaha dravya karma hai| karma kI samucita vyavasthA ke liye Avazyaka hai ki karma ke AkAra (Form) aura viSayavastu (Matter) donoM hI hoN| karma viSayavastu hai, manobhAva AkAra hai| bhAva karma kA Antarika kAraNa AtmA hai| jaise-ghaTa kA upAdAna miTTI hai| dravya karma kArmaNa vargaNA kA vikAra hai| AtmA nimitta kAraNa hai| kisI bhI kArya meM nimitta aura upAdAna-donoM kI samAna vivakSA hai| bhAva karma upAdAna hai, dravya karma nimitta hai| karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA .101.

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azuddha avasthA meM jIva aura pudgala kI pratyeka paryAya meM nimittanaittika sambandha hai / nimitta meM jaisI avasthA hotI hai, vaisI hI naimettika meM hogii| isameM kAla-bheda nhiiN| donoM avasthAeM eka sAtha hotI haiN| jaisA pUrva baMdhe hue karmoM kA nimitta hogA vaise hI jIva ke pariNAma hoMge aura pariNAmAnusAra hI naye karmoM kA baMdhana hogaa| isa prakAra nimitta ke anukUla avasthA kA dhAraNa karanA hI naittika hai| yaha anAdikAlIna zrRMkhalA hai| saMsAra paribhramaNa kA yahI hetu hai / Adhunika vijJAna kA abhimata hai ki binA paudgalika spaMdana (Vibration) ke vicAroM kA udbhava nahIM hotA / ina laharoM kI lambAI atyanta sUkSma hotI hai| jitane reDiyo sTezana haiM, eka jaisI vidyuta kI lahareM havA meM utsarjana karate haiN| lambAI meM aMtara hotA hai| jaba kabhI bAhara ke sTezana se sunanA cAhate haiM to eka ghuMDI ko ghumAkara seTa ke aMdara utanI hI lambAI kI lahareM utpanna karate haiM / reDiyo seTa meM jisa lambAI kI lahareM utpanna hotI haiM utanI hI laMbI lahareM bAhara se aMdara A jAtI haiN| vaise hI acche-bure vicAroM ke anusAra pudgala vargaNA bAhara se bhItara A jAtI hai, AtmA para AvaraNa DAla detI hai| kama loga isa tathya ko jAnate haiM ki reDiyo TyUniMga ke samaya bAhara se koI pudgala dravya, reDiyo ke aMdara AtA hai| isI prakAra pudgala vargaNA ke bhItara praveza ko karmoM kA Asrava ( Influx) kahate haiN| isase AtmA vikArI banatI hai| jIva meM bhAvanAtmaka yA caitanyaprerita kriyAtmaka kampanna hotA hai| kampana acetana vastuoM meM bhI hotA hai, kintu yaha caitanyaprerita nahIM, naisargika hai / Antarika vargaNA dvArA nirmita kampana meM bAharI paudgalika dhArAeM saMpRkta hokara kriyA-pratikriyA se parivartana karatI rahatI haiM / kriyAtmaka zakti-janita kampana se AtmA aura karma-paramANuoM kA saMyoga hotA hai| isa prakriyA kA nAma Asrava hai| bandhanakA hetu pUrvabaddha karma - vargaNAoM ko nahIM mAneM to abaddha jIva karma se baMdhe binA nahIM raha sakatA / ataH pUrva karma-vargaNAeM naI vargaNAoM ko AkarSita karatI haiN| ciMtana jaisA hai vaisI vargaNAoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| saMsAra anaMta vargaNAoM kA samavAya hai| karma bhI amuka prakAra ke paramANuoM kA saMgraha hai| prazna hotA hai - ananta paramANu kA saMyoga kaise hotA hai ? * 102 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jaina darzana kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai ki inake jor3a meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa kAraNa nahIM, kevala sparza isakA hetu hai / snigdha- rukSa meM se eka aura zIta-uSNa meM se ek| isa prakAra do se lekara anaMta taka paramANu jur3ate haiN| snigdha kA artha hai pojITiva (Positive) aura rUkSa kA artha hai negeTiva ( Negative) | vijJAna kI bhASA meM negeTiva - pojITiva milakara vidyut utpanna karate haiN| pratyeka eTama meM, cAhe kisI bhI vastu kA ho, pojITiva - negeTiva bijalI ke kaNa bhinna-bhinna saMkhyA meM vidyamAna rahate hI haiN| sonA, cAMdI Adi sabhI dravyoM ke aNuoM meM isI prakAra kI racanA hai| eka paramANu bhI ilekTraoNna (Electron), nyuTraoNna (Neutron) aura proTaoNna (Proton) kA samizraNa hai| ye paramANu saMyukta hokara jaba AtmA ke sAtha sambandha karate haiM taba unakA svabhAva (Nature), kAla (Period), bala (Power), saMkhyA (Quantity) nizcita ho jAtI hai / koI bhI kriyA kI jAtI hai to usake sAtha hI karmoM kA baMdhana ho jAtA hai| aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki kriyA abhI ho, karma-baMdhana kabhI bAda meM ho sakatA hai| usake vipAka aura upabhoga kA kAla lambA ho sakatA hai| AtmA ke sAtha saMpRkta hone ke pazcAta unameM jo vyavasthA hotI hai vaha svataH hotI hai| phala dene kI zakti A jAtI hai aura samaya Ane para karma pudgala udaya meM Ane laga jAte haiN| karma kI vibhinna avasthAeM karma kI dasa avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa karma - sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| inakA gaharA ciMtana huA hai| dasa avasthA meM prathama avasthA baMdha hai aura aMtima avasthA hai nikAcanA / donoM ke bIca meM haiM-sattA, udaya, udIraNA, udvartanA, apavartanA, saMkramaNa, upazamana, nidhatti / prastuta avasthAeM bhAgya parivartana, rUpAntaraNa, parizodhana, parivardhana, saMracanA evaM saMkramaNa karane kI kalA kA vijJAna haiN| 1. baMdha- kaSAya aura yoga ke phalasvarUpa karma-pradezoM kA Atma-pradezoM se milakara naI avasthA paidA karanA baMdha hai / yaha mahattvapUrNa avasthA hai, kyoMki anya sabhI avasthAeM isI para nirbhara haiN| baMdha samaya kI avasthA ke baddha 27 spRSTa aura baddhaspRSTa - aise tIna pakSa haiN| , baddha-karma prAyogya pudgaloM kI karma rUpa meM pariNati / spRSTa-Atma-pradezoM se karma - pradezoM kI saMzliSTa avasthA / karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 103

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baddhaspRSTa-AtmA aura karma pudgaloM kA dUdha-pAnI kI taraha eka ho jAnA baddhaspRSTa avasthA hai| baddhaspRSTa, aisI avasthA hai jisameM udvartanA evaM apavartanA ko chor3akara aura kisI dUsare kAraNa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| 2. sattA--karmoM kA baMdha ho jAne ke bAda unakA vipAka kisI bhI samaya ho sakatA hai| kAla-maryAdA paripakva nahIM hotI vahAM taka karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha rahatA hai| isI kA nAma sattA hai|28 jaba taka karma kSaya yA nirjarA kI sthiti paidA na ho jaaye| karmoM kA akarma pudgala rUpa meM parivartana na ho jAye, taba taka AtmA meM avasthiti rahatI hai| 3. udaya-yaha tIsarI avasthA hai| isameM karma apanA phala denA prAraMbha kara dete haiN| jaina darzana kI vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki kucha karma aise bhI hote haiM jo phala dekara bhI bhoktA ko usakI anubhUti nahIM karAte, vaise hI nirjarita ho jAte haiN| use pradezodaya kahA jAtA hai| jo karma phalAnubhUti dekara nirjarita hote haiM unakA udaya vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| 4. udIraNA--niyata kAla se pUrva prayatna ke dvArA karma dalikoM ko udaya meM lAkara, udayaprApta dalikoM ke sAtha bhoga lenA udIraNA hai| jaise-samaya se pUrva kRtrima sAdhanoM se phaloM ko pakAyA jAtA hai| udaya evaM udIraNA meM antara kyA hai? ise samajhanA jarUrI hai| udaya meM karmoM kA paripAka hone para karma svayaM phala dete haiN| udIraNA meM anuSThAna dvArA aparipakva karmoM ko pakA kara phala prApta kiyA jAtA hai| yaha eka manovaijJAnika paddhati kA rUpa hai| eka bAta aura hai ki jisa karma kA udaya yA bhoga cala rahA hai, usakI sajAtIya prakRti kI hI udIraNA saMbhava hai| 5 udvartanA-kASAyika taratamatA ke AdhAra para anubhAga aura sthiti banatI hai| kisI nimitta se anubhAga aura sthiti meM vRddhi ho jAnA udvartanA hai| 6. apavartanA--yaha udvartanA kI viparIta sthiti hai| pUrva saMcita karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga ko sAdhanA dvArA kama kara denA apavartanA hai| 7. saMkramaNa-karma ATha haiN| sabake avAntara bheda haiN| avAntara sajAtIya karma prakRtiyoM kA paraspara rUpAntarita honA saMkramaNa hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM bhI mAnA hai ki kutsita manovRttiyoM ko udAtta manovRttiyoM meM rUpAntarita karanA udAttIkaraNa hai| udAttIkaraNa kI prakriyA ko bhI kevala sajAtIya .104 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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manovRttiyoM meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| saMkramaNa aura udAttIkaraNa ke uddezya meM sAmya hai| 8. upazama-karmoM ke udaya-udIraNA ko kAla vizeSa ke liye roka denA yA phala dene meM akSama kara denA upazama hai| antarmuhUrta taka mohanIya karma kI sarvathA anudaya avasthA upazama hai| upazama kI avasthA samApta hote hI karma punaH apanA phala denA cAlU kara dete haiM kyoMki upazama meM karma kI sattA vidyamAna hai| 9. nidhatti--yaha karma kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM karma ke avAntara bhedoM meM rUpAntaraNa nahIM hotA hai aura na ve apanA phala de sakate haiN|31 isameM udvartana, apavartana ke atirikta koI avasthA nahIM hotii| isa avasthA meM samaya-maryAdA yA anubhAga kA utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa saMbhava hai| 10. nikAcanA--yaha karmoM kI pragAr3ha avasthA hai| isameM udIraNA, saMkramaNa, udvartana, apavartana kucha bhI saMbhava nhiiN| na samaya se pUrva unakA bhoga hotA hai| karma kA jisa rUpa meM baMdhana huA, usI rUpa meM anivAryatayA bhoganA par3atA hai| ye avasthAeM puruSArtha kI pratIka haiN| samyak sAdhanA se saMkramaNa avasthA meM mor3a dekara unheM adhyAtma-vikAsa kI ora bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| bauddha darzana meM janaka, upastaMbhaka, upapIlaka, upaghAtaka-aise cAra prakAra ke karma svIkRta haiN| inakA kArya bhinna-bhinna hai| janaka- janma kA hetu hai| janma grahaNa karavAtA hai| upastaMbhaka-dUsare karma kA phala dene meM sahAyaka banatA hai| upapIlaka- dUsare karmoM kI zakti ko kSINa karatA hai| upaghAtaka- dUsare karma kA vipAka rokakara apanA phala detA hai| jaina darzana meM varNita sattA, udvartana, apavartana aura upazama ke sAtha tulanIya hai| bauddha-janaka jaina-sattA upastaMbhaka udvartanA upapIlaka aparvanA upaghAtaka upazama karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA .105.

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saMkramaNa ke sambandha meM bhI bauddhoM kI dhAraNA jaina darzana ke ati nikaTa lagatI hai| buddha ne kahA-vipacyamAna32 arthAta jina karmoM ko badalA jA sake, aise karmoM kA sAtikramaNa (saMkramaNa) ho sakatA hai| hindU AcAra zAstra meM karmoM kI tIna avasthAeM abhivyakta kI haiM saMcita, prArabdha, kriymaann| ahaMkAra, kAma Adi se jo naye karmoM kA anugrahaNa hotA hai, ve kriyamANa haiN| kriyamANa karma hI saMcita meM jAkara saMkalita ho jAte haiN| jaise-kSetra meM utpanna dhAnya koThAra meM saMgRhIta hotA hai| jo ananta karmoM ke acche-bure phala anudayamAna avasthA meM haiM, ve saMcita kahalAte haiN| ___ saMcita karmoM meM se eka janma se pUrva hI jinakA nirmANa ho jAtA hai, una phaladAnonmukha karmoM ko prArabdha kahA hai| pUrvabaddha karma ke do vibhAga haiM jo bhAga apanA phala denA prAraMbha kara detA hai vaha prArabdha karma hai| jisakA phalabhoga prAraMbha nahIM huA hai, vaha saMcita karma hai| ye tInoM avasthAeM ThIka jaina darzana meM varNita bandha, sattA aura udaya kI samAnArthaka haiN| AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA sambandha mukhyataH mana kI prakriyA para AdhArita hai| manovijJAna ke AdhAra para manuSya jo khAtA hai vaha paripAka hone para tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| ati sthUla aMza-puriSa, madhyama aMza-mAMsa, sUkSmatama aMza-mana banatA hai| jo jalapAna kiyA jAtA hai usakA paripAka hone para sUkSma aMza-mUtra, madhyama aMza-rakta aura ati sUkSmatama aMza-prANa banatA hai| vaha jo teja bhojana karatA hai usakA sthUla aMza-asthi, madhyama aMza-majjA, sUkSmatama aMza-vAk banatA hai| isa prakAra manuSya ke bhojana aura jala kA paripAka hI mana, prANa, vAk hai| mana, prANa ke sAtha caMcala banatA hai taba sArA vyApAra vAkmaya hotA hai| socanA, vicAranA, saMkalpa-vikalpa, smRti Adi mana ke utpAdana haiN| prANa kaMpana ke sAtha mana aura indriya se saMpRkta hokara karma kI niSpatti karatA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna ke AdhAra para hama jo bhI kArya karate haiM unakA sUkSma citraNa hai| isa citra ko adhyAtma kI bhASA meM rekhA bhI kahA jAtA hai| DaoN. yovansa likhate haiM ki jaba sUkSmadarzaka yaMtra se mastiSka kA nirIkSaNa kiyA to eka-eka paramANu para asaMkhya-asaMkhya rekhAeM haiN| unameM kriyAzIla adhika haiM, kriyAhIna km| yahI rekhAeM upayukta samaya pAkara sAkAra rUpa dhAraNa karatI haiM jise karmaphala kahate haiN| rekhAeM sAkAra usI prakAra banatI haiM jaise gAne .1060 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bajAne ke vizeSa yaMtroM kI sahAyatA se grAmophona rikArDa bhara liyA jAtA hai| vaha dhvani rekhA ke rUpa meM hotI hai| rekhAoM ke rUpa meM hI dhvaniyAM surakSita rahatI haiN| jaba bhI cAheM, vizeSa vidhi se suI ke AghAta se usa dhvani ko sAkAra rUpa de diyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra hara zArIrika-mAnasika kArya kA sUkSma citraNa antarmana ke paramANuoM para hotA hai, phira prakaTa honA kriyA kI pratikriyA kA sthUla rUpa hai| karmoM kI vipAka prakriyA Upara hamane karmoM kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA kii| unameM dekhA, kucha karma aise hote haiM jinakA vipAka niyata hai| unameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana saMbhava nhiiN| unheM nikAcita karma kahA jAtA hai| kucha karma aise haiM jinakA vipAka niyata nahIM hai| unake vipAka meM svarUpa, samaya, mAtrA ko parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM niyata-aniyata donoM vipAka mAnya haiN| prazna hotA hai-karmoM kA vipAka kaise hotA hai ? zubhAzubha phala dene meM karma svayaM zaktimAna hai yA anya kisI zakti kA hAtha hai? praznoM kA uttara atyanta jaTila evaM ulajhana bharA hai| hara vyakti ke samajha se pare hai phira bhI yathArtha para ayathArtha kA paradA nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| vipAka zabda vi+pAka kA jor3a hai| 'vi' ke viziSTa aura vividha-donoM artha vihita haiM! pAka kA artha hai-pakanA yA pcnaa| viziSTa rUpa se karmoM ke pakane ko vipAka kahate haiN|33 Agama kI bhASA meM vipAka34 ko anubhava kahA hai| kaSAyAdi ke kAraNa sukha-duHkhAdi phala dene kI zakti yA udaya-udIraNA ke dvArA karma-phala kI prApti vipAka hai| karmoM ke35 phaladAna kI zakti kaSAyoM para nirbhara hai| karmoM ke AdAna meM kaSAyoM kI tIvratA rahI to kucha samaya bAda hI tIvra phala denA prAraMbha kara dete haiN| yadi AsravaNa meM maMdatA rahI to vipAka derI se bhI ho sakatA hai| karmoM kA phala pradAna karanA bAhya sAmagrI para nirbhara hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra phala dete haiN|36 karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 107.

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prazna uThatA hai, karma phala diye binA hI alaga hote haiM yA nahIM? jaina darzana kI dRSTi se samAdhAna milatA hai ki udIyamAna karmoM ko anukUla sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai to binA phala diye hI udaya hokara Atma-pradezoM se alaga ho jAte haiN| ise 'pradezodaya' kahA jAtA hai| jo karma, phala dekara Atma-pradezoM se alaga hote haiM use 'vipAkodaya' kahate haiN| vipAkodaya hI AtmaguNoM kA avarAdheka tathA naye karmoM kA utpAdaka hai| karma baMdha ke sAtha hI phaladAna kI kriyA prAraMbha nahIM hotii| bIja bone ke sAtha hI aMkura nahIM nikltaa| bAjarA 90 dina bAda, gehUM 120 dina aura Ama sAmAnyatayA pAMca varSa bAda phala detA hai| samayAvadhi ke pUrva phaladAna kI kriyA nahIM hotii| isI prakAra karma baMdha ke bAda sattA meM kucha samaya ke liye niSkriya rahatA hai use abAdhAkAla kahate haiN|37 . abAdhAkAla sabhI karmoM kA samAna nahIM hai| eka koTAkoTi sAgara ke pIche eka hajAra varSa kA hotA hai| jaise-jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgara hai to abAdhAkAla tIna hajAra varSa kA hogaa| yahI niyama saba karmoM ke liye haikarma sthiti abAdhAkAla jJAnAvaraNIya karma 30 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 3 hajAra varSa darzanAvaraNIya karma 30 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 3 hajAra varSa vedanIya karma 30 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 3 hajAra varSa mohanIya karma 70 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 7 hajAra varSa AyuSya karma 33 koTAkoTi sAgaropama karor3a pUrva kA tIsarA bhAga nAma karma 20 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 2 hajAra varSa gotra karma 20 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 2 hajAra varSa antarAya karma 30 koTAkoTi sAgaropama 3 hajAra varSa karma vidhAna kI sImA kyA hai? kyA jIva aura jar3a donoM para unakA vidhAna lAgU hai ? prazna ucita haiN| jaina darzana kA isa saMdarbha meM mantavya hai-karma kA niyama AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sambandhita hai| bhautika sRSTi para niyama lAgU nahIM .108 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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hai| jar3a-sRSTi kA nirmANa apane hI niyama se hotA hai| jaise- bhUkaMpa, cakrIyavAta, ulkApAta Adi meM karma ke niyama kA kahIM hastakSepa nahIM hai / jIva-sRSTi meM jo vaiSamya hai| vividhatA hai| usakA mUla karma hai| yaha karma kA svarUpa, prakRtiyAM, vipAkAvasthA Adi se svataH jJAta ho rahA hai| yahAM mahAvIra aura kAlodAyI kA saMvAda prasaMgAnukUla hai| kAlodAyI mahAvIra ke upapAta meM pahuMcA aura prazna uThAyA bhaMte! jIvoM ke karmoM kA paripAka hotA hai ? kAlodAyI ! hotA hai| bhaMte! kaise hotA hai ? kAlodAyI ! jaise koI puruSa aThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se paripUrNa viSayukta bhojana karatA hai| vaha bhojana ApAtabhadra hotA hai kintu jyoM-jyoM usakA pariNamana hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usameM durgaMdha paidA hotI hai| vaha pariNAmabhadra nahIM hotaa| vaise hI prANAtipAta Adi aThAraha pApoM kA sevana ApAtabhadra aura pariNAmavirasa hotA hai / pApa karma kA pApa vipAka spaSTa hai / kAlodAyI ne punaH pUchA- bhaMte! jIvoM ke kRta kalyANa karmoM kA paripAka kalyANamaya hotA hai ? hotA hai| bhaMte! kaise hotA hai ? kAlodAyI ! jaise koI puruSa manojJa, sthAlIpAka, zUddha aThAraha prakAra ke vyaMjanoM se pUrNa, auSadha - mizrita bhojana karatA hai / vaha ApAtabhadra nahIM lagatA kintu jyoM-jyoM usakA pariNamana hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM usameM surUpatA, suvarNatA aura sukhAnubhUti hotI hai| vaha pariNAmabhadra hotA hai / isI prakAra prANatipAta Adi aThAraha pApoM se virati ApAtabhadra nahIM, pariNAmabhadra hai| vaise hI kalyANa karma, kalyANa vipAka vAle hote haiM / 38 dazAzrutaskaMdha 9, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, Adi meM bhI karma vipAka kI carcA hai| bauddha darzana meM rAjA milinda ne nAgasena se pUchA- bhaMte ! jIva dvArA zubhaazubha, kuzala-akuzala kRta karma kahAM rahate haiM ? sthavira nAgasena kA uttara thA - zarIra kI chAyA ke samAna ye karma bhI jIva kA sAtha nahIM chodd'te| usake pIche-pIche calate rahate haiN| karma kartA kA anusaraNa karate haiN| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 1090

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tathAgata buddha ne kahA-jo jaisA bIja botA hai, tadanurUpa phala pAtA hai|42 karma hI punarjanma kA mUla hai| sadgati-asadgati kA AdhAra karma hai| yahI unakA vipAka hai|43 vaidika darzana meM bhI vipAka ke sambandha meM vicAraNA upalabdha hai| mahAbhArata meM kahA hai-gAya kA bachar3A, hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI apanI mAM ko khoja letA hai aura usakA anusaraNa karatA hai vaise hI pUrvakRta karma kartA kA anusaraNa karate haiN|44 jo karma karatA hai vahI use bhoganevAlA hai|45 karma aura karmavipAka kI carcA karane para prazna uThatA hai ki acetana karma niyamita evaM yathocita phala kaise dete haiM ? ukta prazna samAdhAna mAMgatA hai| karma nahIM jAnate kise kyA phala denA hai kintu Atma-pravRtti se zubhAzubha karma AkRSTa hote haiM unake saMyoga se AtmA kI vaisI hI pariNati ho jAtI hai| AtmA ko usI ke anusAra phala mila jAtA hai| viSa ne mArane kI kalA kahAM sIkhI? kintu AtmA ke saMparka meM Ate hI usameM mAraka zakti paidA ho jAtI hai| pathya bhojana Arogya denA nahIM jaantaa| davA roga miTAnA nahIM samajhatI, phira bhI unakI jo niSpatti AnI hai, aayegii| rokA nahIM jA sktaa| bAhya rUpa se grahaNa kiye pudgaloM kA jaba itanA asara hotA hai to AMtarika vRtti se gRhIta karma pudgaloM kA AtmA para asara ho usameM saMdeha kA avakAza nahIM rhtaa| vijJAna ke apratyAzita vikAsa ne saMdeha kI dIvAroM ko tor3A hai| Ithara (Ether) meTara (Matter) dhana vidyuta (Protons) RNa vidyut (Electrons) Adi pAramANavika vicitra zakti aura usake niyamana kI kSamatA ko dekhate hue karmoM kI phaladAna zakti para svataH vizvAsa jama jAtA hai| udIyamAna karmoM ko anukUla sAmagrI prApta na ho to kabhI binA phala pradAna kiye hI udaya hokara karma Atma-pradezoM se alaga ho jAte haiN| jaise daMDa, cakrAdi nimitta kAraNoM ke abhAva meM mAtra miTTI se ghaTa nirmita nahIM hotaa| sahakArI kAraNa ke abhAva meM karma bhI phala nahIM de sakate / 46 karmoM kI apanI avadhi hai| kaunasA karma kitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| prazna hotA hai, sthiti se pUrva bhI kyA phaladAna kara sakate haiM ? .1100 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jaina darzanAnusAra yadyapi karma sthitibaMdha kI samApti para phala dete haiM kintu jisa prakAra Ama Adi phaloM ko asamaya meM ghAsa Adi meM pakAkara rasa dene yogya kara diyA jAtA hai usI prakAra sthiti pUrNa hone se pUrva tapazcaryA Adi ke dvArA karmoM ko pakAkara sthiti se pUrva phaladAna ke yogya kara dete haiN|47 karmoM ke phaladAna kA kArya pUrNa ho jAtA hai taba ve kahAM rahate haiM ? kyA punaHudayAvasthA meM Akara phala de sakate haiM? yaha bhI cintanIya prazna hai| tathya yaha hai, AtmA aura karma kI sahAvasthA meM hI phaladAna kI zakti rahatI hai| phala dene ke bAda AtmA se alaga hone para vaha sAmarthya nahIM rhtaa|48 phala pakakara yadi DAla se nIce gira jAtA hai to punaH usake sAtha Abaddha nahIM hotaa| karma kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| AtmA se vilaga hokara karma paryAya se akarma paryAya meM rUpAntarita ho jAte haiN| AtmA aura karma samAna se pratIta hote haiM kintu pramukhatA kisakI hai? isa saMdarbha meM upAdhyAya amara muni ne likhA-jaise sUrya sAyaM meghoM ko utpanna karatA hai| unase AcchAdita hotA hai| phira vahI sUrya apanI prakhara jyoti se unheM chinna-bhinna kara detA hai| AtmA bhI svayaM karma karatA hai| unase AvRta ho jAtA hai aura svayaM hI una karmoM ko tor3a kara nirjarA se nirmUla kara detA hai / 19 devendra muni ke abhimata se- mAtra bAhya dRSTi se karma balavAna pratIta hote haiM kintu antardRSTi se AtmA hI balavAna hai| kyoMki karmoM kA kartA vahI hai| makar3I kI taraha karmoM kA jAla bichAkara usameM ulajha jAtA hai| vaha cAhe to karmoM ko kATa bhI sakatA hai|50 ataH AtmA kI zakti asIma hai| AtmA kI zubhAzubha pravRtti kI upaja karma hai| karma zabda anekArthI hai| karma zabda kA artha hai-kArya, kriyA aura pravRtti aadi| AcArya devendra sUri ke zabdoM meM- jIva kI kriyA kA jo hetu hai, vaha karma hai| mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vahI karma hai|52 Avazyaka niyukti meM kRSi, vANijya Adi kAryoM ko karma kahA hai|53 paurANikoM ne vrata-niyama ko karma kahA hai| kAraka paridhi meM kartA kA vyApya karma hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra karma AtmA kI malinatA kA hetu hai, isa AdhAra para karma ke kucha nAma malinatA ke dyotaka haiM-paMka, mailla, kaluSa, mala aadi| karma duHkha paramparA kA nimitta hai isaliye kAraNa meM kArya kI aupacArikatA kI dRSTi se kleza, asAt, khuha, duppakkhaM Adi zabda karma ke vAcaka haiN| karma ke paryAyavAcI aura bhI zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA .111.

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vedAnta karma zabda DhAI akSaroM kA jor3a hai kintu bar3A vicitra hai| samasta adhyAtma ke rahasyoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne vizva ko aneka avadAna diye haiN| karmavAda usa-zrRMkhalA meM advitIya hai| isake AdhAra para hI gati-agati, janma-mRtyu, sukha-duHkha, svarga-naraka, utkarSa-apakarSa, mokSa kA siddhAMta nirUpita kiyA hai| karma kA svarUpa, phala, paripAka, Adeyatva, anAdeyatva Adi aneka pahalU haiM, jina para vibhinna darzanoM meM vistAra se ciMtana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM karmavAda para maulika cintana upalabdha hai, jo tarkasaMgata aura vaijJAnikatApUrNa hai| bhArata ke sabhI dharmagranthoM, dharmazAstroM aura darzanoM meM karma zabda prayukta huA hai jo AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ko prabhAvita, AvRta aura kuMThita karatA hai| zabdAntara ho sakatA hai kintu mUla tathya samAna hai| jaise mAyA yA avidyA sAMkhya darzana - prakRti yA saMskAra yoga darzana karmAzaya yA kleza nyAya darzana adRSTa yA saMskAra bauddha darzana vAsanA yA avijJapti vaizaSika darzana dharmAdharma zaiva darzana - pAza mImAMsA darzana - apUrva jaina darzana - karma Rgveda54 meM karma zabda cAlIsa bAra prayukta huA hai| vahAM dhArmika anuSThAna kA dyotaka hai| isa prakAra kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM sabhI darzanoM ne karma ko mAnya kiyA hai| bauddha darzana meM zArIrika, vAcika ora mAnasika kriyAoM ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| karmotpatti ke tathAgata ne tIna kAraNa mAne haiM-lobha, dveSa aura moh| ye tInoM akuzala ke mUla haiN| pAtaMjala yoga darzana meM karma ke saMskAroM kI jar3a hai-avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa, abhinivesh| ye pAMca kleza haiN| yaha klezamUlaka karmAzaya jisa prakAra isa janma meM duHkha detA hai vaise bhaviSya meM bhii| cittagata ye bhAvanAeM aura kriyAeM hI vividha avasthAoM meM pariNata hokara saMcita hotI haiN| usa avasthA meM .112 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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unheM karmAzaya kahA jAtA hai| karmAzaya kA phala janma aura janmAntara donoM meM prApta ho sakatA hai|" janma (jAti), Ayu aura bhoga rUpa phala tIna prakAra kA hai|56 anya darzanoM kI apekSA jaina darzana meM karma kA vizeSa vivecana hai| yahI kAraNa hai, karmavAda jaina darzana kA viziSTa aMga bana gyaa| jaina darzana meM karma ke AdhArabhUta siddhAMta haiM1. pratyeka kriyA phalavatI hotI hai| niSphala nahIM hotii| 2. karma kA phala yadi vartamAna meM nahIM milatA to bhaviSya meM avazya milegaa| 3. karma kA kartA aura bhoktA jIva svayaM hai| 4. vyakti-vyakti meM bhinnatA kA hetu karma hI hai| Adhunika vijJAna aura karma saMsAra kA vaiSamya jijJAsA paidA karatA hai ki yaha vaiSamya kyoM? isake pIche kAraNa kyA hai? karor3oM manuSyoM meM jAtigata ekatA hone para bhI vaiyaktika bhinnatA kyoM hai? koI bhI manuSya zArIrika yA mAnasika, kisI bhI dRSTi se samAnatA nahIM rkhtaa| amIra-garIba, zikSita-azikSita, lambA-choTA, yaha vaiyaktika bhinnatA pratyakSa hai| gati-mati-saMskRti meM bhinnatA, vicAra evaM bhAvanA meM bhinnatA, bauddhika kSamatA evaM svabhAva meM bhinntaa| inake pIche hetu kyA hai ? jJAna, buddhi, indriya-zakti, vidvattA, sukha-duHkha, harSa-zoka, Ayu, janma, kula, jaivika-lakSaNa, zArIrika saMracanA Adi aise aneka pahalU haiM jo jIva-jagata kI vicitratA vibhakti ko paidA karate haiN| bheda ke kAraNoM para manovijJAna ne sUkSmatA aura vyApakatA ke sAtha cintana kiyA hai| usane do kAraNa khoje haiM-heriDiTI (Heredity) vaMzAnukrama aura pryaavrnn| ye donoM tattva manuSya ke jIvana ko sabase adhika prabhAvita karane vAle tattva haiN| naitika, sAmAjika, bauddhika aura zArIrika sabhI paristhitiyAM vAtAvaraNa ke antargata A jAtI haiN| vaMzAnukrama guNoM kA eka jor3a hai jo bAlaka janma se lekara AtA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha dhAraNA hai ki samAna-samAna ko hI paidA karatA hai| arthAt mAtA-pitA ke anurUpa saMtAna hotI hai| abhibhAvaka buddhimAna, svastha aura karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA -

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nirbala hai to saMtAna bhI vaisI hI utpanna hogii| kintu yaha dhAraNA yathArtha pratIta nahIM hotii| kahIM-kahIM isake viparIta bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| taba kisI anya kAraNa kI jijJAsA uThatI hai| vaha kAraNa manovijJAna kI bhASA meM vaMzAnukrama aura pariveza hai| jaina darzana meM karma hai| AnuvaMzikatA kA sambandha jIvana se hai| karma kA sambandha jIva se hai| aneka janmoM ke karma saMskAra jIva meM saMcita haiN| ve hI vaiyaktika vilakSaNatA ke AdhAra haiN| mAtra vaMzAnukrama vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tattva nahIM ho sktaa| vijJAna ke anusAra hamArA zarIra kozikAoM (Cells) kI saMracanA hai| kozikA zarIra kI sabase choTI ikAI hai| kozikA meM jIvana-rasa hai| jIvana rasa meM jIvakendra (Nucleus) aura nyuklIyasa meM kromosoma (Chromosomes) guNa-sUtra haiN| kromosoma meM jIna (Geens) hai| saMskArasUtra jIna meM hai| ye jInsa hI mAtA-pitA ke saMskAroM ke vAhaka yA uttarAdhikArI haiN| eka jIna meM karIba 60 lAkha saMskArasUtra aMkita rahate haiN| unake AdhAra para manuSya kI AkRti, prakRti, bhAvanA aura vyavahAra meM antara AtA hai| __vyakti ke AnuvaMzika guNoM kA nizcaya kromosoma ke dvArA hotA hai, jo usake aneka jInoM kA samuccaya hai| isameM hI zArIrika,, mAnasika vikAsa kI kSamatAeM (Potentialities) bharI haiN| vyakti meM koI aisI vilakSaNatA nahIM jisakA bIja jIna meM na ho| Law of Variation bhinnatA ke niyama kI carcA prAcIna Ayurveda evaM jainAgamoM meM uddhRta hai| Ayurveda ke anusAra paitRka guNa saMtAna meM saMkramita hote haiN| jIvana vijJAna ke abhimata se jIvana kI kitAba isa zabda ko jIna kahA hai| ye jIna mAtA-pitA se virAsata meM milate haiN| garbha meM jIvana kI buniyAda rakhane vAlI kozikA meM kula milAkara 46 guNasUtra hote haiN| jinameM 23 mAtA ke aura 23 pitA se prApta hote haiN| DI.ena.e. guNasUtroM kA AdhAra hai| bhrUNa ke liGga kA nirdhAraNa bhI pitA ke zukra para AdhArita hai| mAtA ke raja meM kevala X hotA hai aura pitA ke zukra meM X aura Y donoM hote haiN| jaba mAtA ke X aura pitA ke Y kA saMyoga banatA hai taba putra utpanna hotA hai| donoM ke XX saMyukta hone se putrI kA janma hotA hai| kucha logoM ne zukrANu ke jIvatva meM saMdeha vyakta kiyA hai| kintu jIva vijJAna ne saMdeha kA nivAraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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"puruSa ke aNDakoSa (Testicles) meM aneka kozikAeM hotI haiN| unameM se kucha kozikAeM vibhinna jaTila parivartanoM se hokara gujaratI haiN| jo kozikAeM Mature ho jAtI haiM unheM zukrANu kahate haiN| zukrANu tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hote haiM-zirobhAga, madhyabhAga, tathA puuNch| isakI lambAI lagabhaga 0, 05 mi.mI. tathA moTAI patale bAla kI AdhI hotI hai| puruSa eka bAra meM do karor3a se 40 karor3a taka zukrANu nikAlatA hai| zukrANu ke zirobhAga meM kromosoma hai| madhyabhAga ( Middle Piece) UrjA detA hai| pUMcha (Tail) calane meM sahayogI hai| zukrANu kI ausata Ayu 48 se 72 ghaMTe kI hai| __ lekina inheM 0 se 180 DigrI selsiyama nIce tApa para dravita kara kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa meM pUrNa rUpa meM phrIja kara diyA jAye to mahInoM taka surakSita bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai| yadi zirobhAga se madhyabhAga aura pUMcha alaga kara diye jAyeM to ye niSkriya hokara ar3atAlIsa ghaMTe se pUrva hI mara jAte haiN|" isase zukrANu kI sajIvatA pramANita hai| zarIra vijJAna kI mAnyatA se zarIra kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka 'jIna' hai| manuSya kI zakti, puruSArtha aura kartRtva kitanA hai jIna unakA AdhAra hai| vizva kI viSamatA aura vicitratA kA mukhya nimitta 'jIna' ko hI mAnA hai| AnuvaMzikatA, jIna, rAsAyanika parivartana aura karma siddhaaNt| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se inameM karma hI mukhya hai| jIna sthUla zarIra kA avayava hai| karma sUkSmatara zarIra kaa| donoM paraspara anubaMdhita haiN| mahAvIra ne bhagavatI tathA sthAnAMga meM 'jIna' ko mAtRaMga, pitRaMga ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA hai| isaliye Adhunika vijJAna ke vaMzAnukrama kI khoja koI Azcaryajanaka ghaTanA nahIM hai| mAtA-pitA ke saMskAra saMtAna meM saMkramita hote haiM kintu eka samAna vAtAvaraNa, samAna paryAvaraNa, samAna saMskAra evaM zikSA kI vyavasthA samAna hone para bhI do saMtAnoM meM kAphI viSamatAeM doSI jAtI haiN| samAna 'jIna saMracanA' phira bhI donoM ke vikAsa, vyavahAra, buddhi aura AcaraNa meM bheda hai| aisA kyoM? vaMzAnukrama vijJAna ke pAsa inakA uttara nahIM hai| manovijJAna bhI niruttara hai| taba karma kI ora dRSTi TikatI hai| karma jIna se sUkSmatara hai| jaina darzana meM bhinnatA kA mUla karma hai| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA .115.

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kevala vaMzAnukrama ke AdhAra para vyaktitva ko samajhane kA prayAsa, paryApta nahIM kahA jAtA kyoMki koI bhI vaMzAnukrama vyakti ke pUrva karmoM se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rhtaa| isaliye karma siddhAMta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| manovijJAna meM AnuvaMzikatA ke sAtha pariveza (Environment) ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| pariveza kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| phira bhI use mUla kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki kabhI-kabhI upAdAna kI zakti nimittoM ko aprabhAvI banA detI hai| mUla preraNAoM (Primary Motives) kA bhI sambandha hai| ve sabameM hotI haiM kintu mAtrA meM antara hai| kisI meM koI eka pradhAna hai kisI meM duusrii| saMvegoM ke uddIpana (Stimulation) se vyakti ke vyavahAra meM parivartana AtA hai| manovijJAna kA siddhAMta hai-karmazAstra ke anusAra mohanIya karma ke vipAka se vyakti ke caritra aura vyavahAra meM rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| karmavAda kA AdhAra kaSAya evaM yoga hai jo cetanA ke bAhya aura bhItarI donoM staroM se jur3A hai| karmavAda kA siddhAnta prAcIna hai| Apta puruSoM kI anubhUta vANI hai| jabaki manovijJAna kA janma kevala do zatAbdI pUrva huA hai kintu tulanA kI dRSTi se eka-dUsare ke pUraka pratIta hote haiN| karmavAda bhAvajagat tathA prANI ke AcaraNoM ke mUla srotoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| manovijJAna bhii| ataH donoM kI sAtha meM yuti kara dI jAye to manovizleSaNa meM cintana evaM prayogoM ko naI dizAeM mila sakatI haiN| manovijJAna cetanA ke tIna staroM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai| jJAnAtmaka (Cognitive), bhAvAtmaka (Affective) aura saMkalpAtmaka (Conative)| manovijJAna ke adhyayana kA kSetra anubhava aura vyavahAra hai kintu karmavAda kA manovijJAna kevala pazu-pakSI aura manuSya ke mana taka hI nahIM rukA, balki una sabhI jIvoM ke Antarika bhAvoM kI vyAkhyA karatA hai jinake mana nahIM hotaa| zarIra manovijJAna meM zarIra meM sthita graMthiyoM kA sUkSma vivecana hai| baunA yA lambA, sundara-asundara, svastha-rogI, buddhisaMpanna yA buddhihIna bananA ye saba granthiyoM ke srAvoM ke prabhAva haiN| srAva hI ina sabako niyaMtrita karate haiN| karmazAstra meM nAmakarma ke kAraNa sundara-asundara Adi jo bhI banatA hai| zarIra kA nirmANa nAmakarma ke AdhAra para hotA hai| karmazAstra aura zarIrazAstra donoM meM bhASA kA aMtara hai| tathya samAna haiN| zarIra manovijJAna kI bhASA meM jinheM .116 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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hArmonsa, granthiyoM ke srAva kahA jAtA hai, karmazAstra meM unheM rasavipAka yA anubhAga kI saMjJA dI hai| phrAyaDa ne bhI mana ke tIna pakSa batAye haiM-cetana (Conscious) avacetana (Pre-conscious) aura acetana (Un-conscious) / cetana mana vaha hai jisameM icchAoM, vicAroM, ghaTanAoM kI vartamAna meM anubhUti rahatI hai| avacetana mana, icchAoM aura smRtiyoM kA bhaMDAra hai para unakA jJAna vartamAna meM nahIM rahatA / acetana mana damita bhAvanAoM, vicAroM evaM AvegoM kA saMgrahAlaya hai jisakI cetanA na vartamAna meM hotI hai na prayAsa karane para bhI pratyakSa viSaya banatI hai| cetana mana jo kucha karatA hai vaha saba vartamAna kA hI nahIM, usameM avacetana mana kA hissA hotA hai| karmazAstra kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai ki manuSya jo kArya karatA hai vaha kevala vartamAna pariveza aura paristhiti se prabhAvita hokara hI nahIM karatA balki usake pIche pUrvArjita karmoM kA bhI hotA hai / dabI huI icchAeM, AkAMkSAeM avacetana mana meM calI jAtI haiN| jaba ve jAgrata hotI haiM to cetana mana ko prabhAvita kara sakriya banAtI haiN| karmazAstra ke anusAra pUrvArjita karma jaba udayAvasthA meM Ate haiM to apanA phala dete haiN| taba unase sthUla mana prabhAvita hotA hai aura tadanurUpa vyavahAra karane lagatA hai / phrAyaDa ne mAnava-vyavahAra kI preraka zakti ke rUpa meM do tattva mAne haiMiroja (Eros) evaM thainaTaoNsa (Thanatos) | jaina darzana kI bhASA meM inheM rAga- - dveSa kahA jAtA hai| karma saMgraha meM do nimitta haiM / jJAna cetanA se karma baMdha nahIM hotA / karmaphala cetanA jaba rAga-dveSa yukta hotI hai taba saMvedanAtmaka banatI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA hai-moha cetanA se yukta anubhUti hI karma baMdhana kA kAraNa hai| jayaMti zrAvikA ne prazna uThAyA thA-bhaMte ! prazasta kyA hai ? aprazasta kyA hai ? mahAvIra jayaMti ! laghutA prazasta hai / gurutA aprazasta 1 jayaMti kA mana samAhita nahIM huA / isa rahasya ko samajha nahIM pAI taba pratiprazna kiyA- bhaMte ! kyA jIva halkA - bhArI hotA hai ? mahAvIra - jIva prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda Adi kriyAoM se bhArI hotA hai / inakA nirodha karane se halkA hotA hai / karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 1170

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yaha saMvAda sUkSma satya kI abhivyakti hai| mahAvIra ne kahA-kriyA kevala kriyA ke rUpa meM hI samApta nahIM hotii| vaha apane pIche saMskAra ke padacihna bhI chor3atI hai| ina saMskAroM ke udaya hone para punaH usI rUpa meM kriyA karane ko tatpara ho jAtA hai| saMskAroM kA akSaya bhaMDAra hai jo bharatA hI rahatA hai| saMskAroM ke isa bhaMDAra ko hI manovijJAna meM acetana mana (Unconscious mind) kahA jAtA hai| ataH tulanAtmaka dRSTi se karmazAstra aura manovijJAna kAphI nikaTa haiN| donoM eka hI dhurI para avasthita haiN| karmazAstra aura zarIra vijJAna __ karmazAstra meM mohanIya karma ke cAra Avega haiM-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobh| cAra mukhya Avega haiN| upaAvega kI saMkhyA nau hai- hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, zoka, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSa veda, napuMsaka ved| inheM nokaSAya bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye saba mohakarma ke hI bheda-prabheda haiN| vyakti kI dRSTi aura caritra ko prabhAvita karate haiN| moha ke paramANu mUrchA ke janaka haiN| mUrchA se dRSTi, vyavahAra aura AcAra-sabhI mUrchita ho jAte haiN| zarIrazAstra ke AdhAra para Avega chaha haiM- bhaya, krodha, harSa, zoka, prema aura ghRnnaa| AvegoM kA bar3A mahattva hai| snAyutaMtra, mAMsapeziyAM, rakta-pravAha, phupphusa, hRdayagati, zvAsa aura granthiyAM, ina saba para inakA prabhAva hai| zArIrika kriyAoM meM rAsAyanika parivartana bhI AvegoM ke kAraNa hotA hai| prANiyoM kI vibhinnatAoM, vaiyaktika vizeSatAoM, apUrva kSamatAoM, mAnasika aura bauddhika vilakSaNatAoM kA mUla kAraNa pUrva kRta karma hI kyoM ? ise pramANita kiyA hai jIna, AnuvaMzikatA, pariveza, granthiyoM ke srAva, manovijJAna, jaivavijJAna Adi ne| kintu jaina darzana ne spaSTa rUpa se vaividhya kA kAraNa karma ghoSita kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM prazna hai-"kammao8 NaM jIve No akammao vibhatti bhAvaM prinnmii|" arthAt jIva karma ke dvArA hI vividhatA ko prApta karatA hai| akarma se nhiiN| AtmA kA Antarika vAtAvaraNa : paristhiti ke ghaTaka AtmA kI AMtarika yogyatA sabameM eka jaisI nahIM hotii| isakA hetu bhI karma hai| karma ke saMyoga se AtmA AvRta, vikRta hotI hai| karma ke vilaya se svabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai| karma-mukta AtmA para bAhya paristhiti kA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| azuddha AtmA prabhAvita ho jAtI hai / paristhiti uttejaka hai| kAraka nhiiN| .1180 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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paristhiti kyA hai ? jaina darzanAnusAra kAla (Time) kSetra (Space) puruSArtha (Effort) niyati (Universal law) svabhAva (Nature) aura karma, inakA samavAya paristhiti hai| isameM kevala karma ko nimitta mAnanA ekAMgI dRSTikoNa hai aura paristhiti ko bhI ekAMta mahattva nahIM diyA jaataa| jaina dRSTi anekAMtavAdI hai| __ anekAMta ke AdhAra para hara sthiti kA samAdhAna diyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana kahatA hai, roga paidA hone meM kevala deza-kAla hI kAraNa nahIM balki usase karma uttejita hote haiN| ve roga ke janaka haiN| isI taraha uttejita karma pudgaloM se hI AtmA meM vividha prakAra ke parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| parivartana padArtha kA svabhAva hai| paristhiti kI pahuMca karma-saMghaTanA taka hI hai| paristhiti se karma prabhAvita hai| AtmA karmoM se| karma para prabhAva nahIM par3atA to AtmA para bhI prabhAva nahIM hai| jaina karmavAda : samanvayAtmaka ciMtana koI kAlavAda ko pramukhatA detA hai, koI puruSArtha aura niyati ko| ekAntavAdI eka-eka tattva ko vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| yaha yathArtha nahIM hai| ekAntavAda se satya kI upalabdhi saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina darzana kisI eka ko nahIM, pAMcoM ke samavAya ko mahattva detA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para yadi sad-asad pravRtti kA preraka tattva svabhAva ko hI mAnaleM to kisI prakAra ke sudhAra kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM rhegii| yadi niyati ko mukhyatA dI jAye to vyakti ke kartRtva aura puruSArtha kA avamUlyana ho jAtA hai| jabaki karma aura puruSArtha kA sApekSa mahattva hai| AcArya siddhasena kA abhimata hai-kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma aura puruSArtha paraspara nirapekSa rahakara kArya-sampAdana meM asamartha raha jAte haiN| inakI samanviti meM kArya kI saphalatA hai| karmavAda kisakA samarthaka : niyativAda yA puruSArthavAda? prazna uThatA hai, kyA karma siddhAMta ekAnta rUpa se puruSArthavAdI vicAradhArA kA samarthaka hai yA niyativAdI ? vyakti svataMtra rUpa se jo-kucha karatA hai, yaha usakA puruSArtha hai| niyati zabda bhAgya kA paryAyavAcI zabda hai| niyativAda kI sAmAnya dhAraNA yaha hai ki manuSya jo-kucha karatA hai vaha pahale se niyata hai| usakA atikramaNa nahIM hotaa| yahAM puruSArthavAda kA koI mUlya nhiiN| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 119.

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jaina darzana meM karma ke anusAra niyati kA artha isa prakAra nahIM hai| niyati kA abhiprAya karmoM kA niyata krama meM saMcita hokara samaya ke paripAka se phala dene se hai| __ AcArya haribhadra ne niyati kA svarUpa jo batAyA hai-"jisa vastu ko, jisa rUpa meM, jisa samaya, jisa kAraNa se honA hai, vaha vastu usa samaya, usa kAraNa se, usa rUpa meM nizcita rUpa se utpanna hotI hai|' niyativAda ke saMpoSaka vicAra haiN| isake bAvajUda bhI karma siddhAMta ko ekAnta rUpa niyativAdI nahIM kaha skte| yadi mAnaleM ki hamAre samagra vicAra, sArI kriyAeM niyati ke adhIna haiM to puruSArtha kA koI mUlya nhiiN| na parivartana karane meM bhI samartha ho skeNge| karmoM ke sampAdana meM vyakti ke Atma-svAtaMtrya yA puruSArtha kA prazna hai| jaina AgamoM meM puruSArthavAdI vicAradhArA ke aneka uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| upAsaka dazAGga meM mahAvIra aura saddAlaputra kA saMvAda vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM puruSArthavAda kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vyakti apane puruSArtha se karmoM ko nirmUla kara mukti kA adhikArI bana jAtA hai| karma kA siddhAMta kArya-kAraNa kA siddhAMta hai| bhAva karma, dravya karma ko utpanna karatA hai aura dravya karma, bhAva karma ko| bhAva karma kA dravya karma nimitta hai| dravya karma kA bhAva krm| donoM kA paraspara bIjAMkura kI taraha kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| karma siddhAMta ke donoM AdhArabhUta aMga haiN| jIva aura pudgala kI samanvita avasthA meM nimitta-naimittika sambandha haiN| pUrvabaddha karmoM ke nimitta se jIva ke pariNAma aura una pariNAmoM ke nimitta se naye karmoM kA bNdh| aisI aTUTa zrRMkhalA anAdikAlIna hai| karma ke udaya se AtmA ke jo bhAva hote haiM unheM audayika bhAva kahate haiN| jo karma sattA meM haiM yAnI jinakA udayakAla abhI AyA nahIM hai aise karmoM ko jina bhAvoM se udaya meM lAyA jAtA hai use udIraNa kahate haiN| udIraNA meM AtmA ke pariNAma kAraNa haiM, aura karma kA udayAvalI meM AnA kArya hai| audayika bhAva meM karma kA prAdhAnya hai, udIraNA meM AtmA ke pariNAma mukhya haiN| audayika bhAva pratisamaya rahatA hai, jabaki udIraNA ke bhAva puruSArtha ke sAtha aniyata samaya ke liye hotA hai| audayika bhAva meM udIraNA kI niyamA .1200 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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nahIM / ho bhI sakatI hai, aura nahIM bhI / kintu udIraNA bhAva meM audayika bhAva niyama se hote haiN| karma kA nimitta-naimittika bhAva audayika bhAva ke sAtha hai| jitane aMza meM rAgAdi bhAva AtmA meM hoMge, utane hI aMza meM kArmaNa vargaNA ko tadanurUpa honA naimittika hai| pratyeka kArya kI utpatti meM svabhAva, kAla Adi pAMcoM samavAya kAraNa avazya hote haiN| svabhAva yAnI dravya kI svshkti| kaal-smy| puruSArtha-bala hai| niyati-samartha upAdAna aura karma se nimitta liyA gayA hai| kArya binA nimitta ke saMbhava nhiiN| upAdAna meM aneka kArya karane kI kSamatA hai para usameM kaunasI zakti kAryarUpa meM pariNata hogI, yaha nimitta para AdhArita hai| pAnI meM vASpa yA barpha donoM banane kI zakti hai| kintu vASpa banegA yA barpha yaha agni aura phrija para nirbhara hai| vijJAna jagata meM bhI nimitta-naimittika kI carcA hai| hama jise nimitta kahate haiM, rasAyana vijJAna meM use utpreraka ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| utpreraka kise kahate haiM-"vaha padArtha jo kevala apanI upasthiti dvArA rAsAyanika kriyAoM kA vega ghaTA yA bar3hA dete haiM aura prakriyA ke aMta meM inakI banAvaTa aura bhAra meM koI aMtara nahIM AtA hai, aise padArthoM ko utpreraka kahate haiN| aura isa prakAra kI prakriyA ko utpreraNA kahA jAtA hai|'' ataH karma kA siddhAnta kArya-kAraNa yA nimitta-naimittika sambandha kA siddhAMta hai| kArya-kAraNa meM anvaya-vyatireka sambandha hai| pratyeka kArya meM kAraNa avazya hotA hai| jahAM kAraNa hai kArya niyamataH dekhA jAtA hai| kAraNa pUrvavartI avasthA hai, kArya uttrvrtii| kArya kA niyAmaka hetu kAraNa hai| nyAya-vaizeSika meM kAraNa ke saMdarbha meM tIna kasauTiyoM kA nirdeza hai-pUrvavartitva, niyatatva, anyathA siddhtv| 1. pUrvavartitva- kAraNa kArya se pUrva hotA hai kintu pUrvavartI pratyeka kriyA kAraNa nahIM bntii| jaise- mayUra bolA aura varSA A gii| kintu yaha niyama nahIM banatA ki mayUra bolegA tabhI varSA hogii| yaha to kAdAcitka ghaTanA hai| 2. niyatatva kArya se pUrva jo kAraNa vidyamAna rahatA hai use niyatatva kahate haiN| pUrvavartI kI bhI aneka sthitiyAM ho sakatI haiM para ve saba kI saba kAraNa nahIM khlaatiiN| ataH tIsarA vizeSaNa hai anyathA siddha-isakA tAtparya hai jisakA kArya ke sAtha sAkSAt sambandha na ho| jaise ghaTa ke nirmANa meM karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 121.

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mRttikA kI taraha usake rUpAdi guNa bhI sahAyaka hote haiM, kintu una guNoM ko ghaTa kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki ve kArya ke sAtha anyathA siddha haiN| unheM avAntara sahayogI bhI kahA jAtA hai| kAraNa nhiiN| kAraNa vahI hotA hai jisake binA kArya niSpanna na ho| vaizeSika darzana meM anya tIna kAraNoM kA aura ullekha hai-samavAyI kAraNa, asamavAyI kAraNa, nimitta kaarnn| tantu paTa kA samavAyI kAraNa hai| tantuoM kA sahayoga asamavAyI kAraNa hai| julAhA, turI Adi usake nimitta kAraNa haiN|60 samavAyI kAraNa kA paryAya upAdAna kAraNa hai| bhAratIya sAhitya meM kAraNa-kAryavAda ke saMdarbha meM aneka matavAda pracalita haiN| asat kAraNavAda, sat kAraNavAda, asat kAryavAda, satkAryavAda, sadasat kAryavAda aadi| ataH prAcInakAla se hI kArya-kAraNa para vimarzaNA hotI rahI hai| karma meM bhI kArya-kAraNavAda sambandha haiN| __yadi nirapekSa rUpa se puruSArtha ko hI mahattva diyA jAye to karma vipAka kI niyata avasthA ke abhAva meM karma aura usake phala ke bIca meM koI sunizcita krama nahIM bana pAtA tathA ekamAtra niyati ko satya svIkAra kiyA jAye to vyakti ke Atma-svAtantrya para kuThArAghAta hai| ataH karma siddhAnta na to ekAntataH niyativAdI hai na puruSArthavAdI, balki karma-siddhAMta meM donoM kA viziSTa yogadAna hai| karmavAda kA itihAsa bhArata aneka darzanoM kI janmasthalI hai| pratyeka darzana aura dArzanika avadhAraNA kI vikAsa yAtrA ke pIche eka pRSThabhUmi hai| kendrIya siddhAMta hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM nAmAntara rUpa se bhI karmavAda kI vivecanA kA prAdhAnya hai| kintu karmavAda kI viziSTa vyAkhyA-vizleSaNa aura nirUpaNa zailI kA zreya jaina paramparA ko hai| jaina AcAryoM kI maulika dena hai| isakA dArzanika aura aitihAsika pariprekSya meM anuzIlana ati mahattvapUrNa hai| isa saMdarbha meM prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI ke vicAra spaSTa haiN| "vaidika tathA bauddha sAhitya meM karma sambandhI ullekha hai kintu usakA koI maulika grantha dRSTipatha meM nahIM AtA, jabaki jaina darzana meM karma sambandhI vicAra vyavasthita aura vistAra se haiN|"61 .122 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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karma ke udbhava kA jahAM taka prazna hai, jaina Agama yA granthoM ke talasparzI adhyayana kA niSkarSa hai-"sarvaprathama vaiyaktika viSamatA ke kAraNoM kI khoja ke phalasvarUpa hI karma-siddhAnta astitva meM aayaa|" vizva ke raMgamaMca para vicitra abhinaya hai| isase aneka cintakoM ke mastiSka para dastaka huI ki yaha vaiSamya kyoM ? kisa adRzya zakti kI lIlA hai ? vibhinna logoM ne vibhinna kAraNa prastuta kiye kintu mUla kAraNa kI khoja kareM to karma ke atirikta jAgatika vaicitrya kA aura koI yukti purassara kAraNa jJAta nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana kA karmavAda yathArtha hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM mahAvIra ne kahA-"karma se upAdhi kA janma hotA hai"|62 vaidika RSiyoM ko isa vaiSamya kI anubhUti nahIM thI-aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu vividhatA kA kAraNa antarAtmA meM DhUMr3hane kI apekSA use bAhya tattva meM mAna kara hI saMtoSa kara liyaa| isase lagatA hai ki unakA rujhAna isa ora adhika nahIM thaa| kucha vicArakoM ne kAla ko mUla kAraNa mAnA to kisI ne svabhAva ko| kisI ne niyati ko to kisI ne yadRcchA tathA Izvara ko| karma kA ullekha vahAM adhika nahIM milatA / kintu ukta mAnyatAeM bhI tarkasaMgata nahIM lgtii|| yadi kAla ko hI sukha-duHkhAnubhUti kA kAraNa mAneM to eka hI samaya meM sukha-duHkha kI bhinna anubhUti dekhane ko nahIM miltii| tathA acetana kAla sukhaduHkhAtmaka anubhUti kA nimitta kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa prakAra anya kAraNoM ke sambandha meM bhI yahI ulajhana hai isaliye ukta mAnyatAeM sahI pratIta nahIM hotii| ina saba vAdoM kA nirasana karane hetu mAno karmavAda astitva meM aayaa| karma siddhAMta ke udbhava ke pIche paMDita sukhalAlajI ne tIna hetuoM kA ullekha kiyA hai 1. vaidika dharma kI Izvara sambandhI mAnyatA kA nirsn| 2. bauddha dharma ke ekAnta kSaNikavAda kA nirsn| 3. AtmA ko jar3a-tattva se bhinna cetana tattva sthApita krnaa| vedoM63 aura upaniSedoM64 ke AdhAra para lokadhAraNA isa rUpa meM puSTa ho cukI thI ki acche-bure karmoM kA phala Izvara dvArA milatA hai| Izvara niyAmaka hai|65 nyAya darzana kA mantavya hai| mahAbhArata66 aura gItA67 meM bhI isakI puSTi milatI hai| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA

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jaina darzana kA mantavya alaga hai| usameM kisI nyAyAdhIza yA niyantA kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| karma phala meM jIva kI apanI nijI bhUmikA hI pramukha rUpa se uttaradAyI hai| jaina darzana karmaphala niyantA Izvara kA virodha hI nahIM karatA balki isake sambandha meM puSTa evaM prAmANika tarka bhI prastuta karatA hai ki yadi Izvara niyantA hai to vyakti kA svataMtra kartRtva kuNThita ho jAtA hai| karmavAda isa mAnyatA kA nirasana hai| kSaNikavAda ke AdhAra para pratyeka vastu kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartanazIla hai| parivartanazIlatA ke kAraNa karma vipAka kI koI nizcita kAlAvadhi nahIM bana paatii| ataH kSaNikavAda kA samAdhAna karma siddhAMta se ho sakatA hai| tIsarA kAraNa hai AtmA aura zarIra kI abhinntaa| zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| bhautikavAdiyoM kI isa dhAraNA kA uttara hai- karmavAda / yadi AtmA ko kSaNika mAnA jAye to karma vipAka kI kisI taraha upapatti nahIM ho sktii| jaba karma kA vipAka hI nahIM to astitva kahAM TikegA? jaina darzana ne karma siddhAMta ke sAtha AtmA kI amaratA kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa prakAra karma siddhAMta kA udbhava tatkAlIna dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI saMgatiyoM ke parimArjana evaM karmaphala vyavasthA ko susaMgata banAne hetu huA hai| yaha yathArtha kI abhivyakti hai, atizayokti nhiiN| jaina karma siddhAMta aura usakA vikAsa jaina karma siddhAMta kA vikAsa kaise huA ? use samajhane ke liye kAlakrama kA vargIkaraNa aura vibhAjana karane se AsAna ho jaayegaa| 1. karma siddhAMta kA prAraMbhika kAla yA udbhava kAla I. pU. chaThI zatAbdI se I.pU. tIsarI zatAbdI hai| 2. jaina karma siddhAMta kA vyavasthApana kAla I.pU. dUsarI sadI se IsA kI tIsarI sdii| 3. jaina karma siddhAMta kA vikAsa kAla IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se IsA kI tIsarI shtaabdii| jaina karma siddhAMta kA Adi kAla I. pU. chaThI zatAbdI se IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka mAnA jAtA hai| isakA pramANa sAhityika dRSTi se tIna granthoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| .124 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga aura RSibhASita / bhASA, viSayavastu aura anya sAmagrI kI dRSTi se tInoM I. pU. tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanAeM haiN| inameM bhI AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ati prAcIna haiN| ina granthoM meM bhI jaina karma siddhAnta ke kevala mUla bIja hI upalabdha hote haiM, suvyavasthita vivecana nahIM / jainAgama sAhitya meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko mahAvIra vANI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlA vidvAnoM ne mAnya kiyA hai| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke bAda sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha ko sthAna milaa| usameM baMdhana ko jAnane aura tor3ane kI bAta kahI hai| isa kAla kI racanAoM meM tIsarA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai - RSibhASita / RSibhASita ke dUsare adhyAya meM likhA hai- jIva saMsAra meM karma kA anugAmI hotA hai|" karma rUpI bIjoM se mohAMkura aura mohAMkura se punaH karmabIja utpanna hote haiM / 69 paccIsaveM adhyAya meM, pApakarma hI garbhAvAsa yAnI punarjanma kA kAraNa hai| ikatIsaveM adhyAya meM, mahAvIra se pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzva kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai / tIsarI zatAbdI ke pramukha granthoM meM uttarAdhyayana, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatI ke kucha aMza aura prajJApanA, tattvArtha sUtra Adi kI gaNanA hai| inakA pArAyaNa karane para karma kI caitasika aura bhautika- donoM pakSoM kI samasta avadhAraNAeM spaSTa ho jAtI haiN| karma kI mUla aura uttara sabhI prakRtiyoM kA vistRta citraNa bhI upalabdha hai / 79 isake bAda kAlakhaNDa ke isa adhyAya se Age bar3hate haiM to paravartI kAla meM jainAcAryoM kA karma sAhitya ke vikAsa meM ullekhanIya yogadAna hai| unhoMne mUlabhUta granthoM para TIkAeM likhI haiN| jaina zAsana kI mahAn sevA kI hai kintu una TIkAoM meM koI naI avadhAraNAeM AI hoM, aisA nahIM lagatA / Adhunika kAla ke vidvAnoM meM AcArya mahAprajJa, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Adi ne karma siddhAMta ko Adhunika . zailI meM, samakAlIna saMdarbhoM meM prastuta kiyA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne karmavAda jaise jaTila aura gahana viSaya ko vijJAna, manovijJAna, zarIrazAstra Adi ke sAtha saMpRkta kara jaina darzana ko amUlya avadAna diyA hai| karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 1250

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isa prakAra sampUrNa kAlakrama meM karmavAda ke parivarddhana, saMzodhana aura saMgatipUrNa prastutIkaraNa ke prayatna hote rahe haiN| bhagavatI sUtra meM karma viSayaka saMdarbhoM kA suvistRta vivecana hai| bhagavatI kI vizeSatA hai, jisa prasaMga ko uThAyA usakI mArmika vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| karma siddhAMta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| vipAka sUtra meM karmoM ke vipAka se sambandhita carcA hai / upAMga sAhitya para dRSTipAta karane se prajJApanA aura kisI hada taka jIvAbhigama ko chor3akara zeSa upAMgoM meM karma - siddhAMta se sambandhita sAmagrI kA abhAva hI hai| prajJApanA sUtra meM karma-baMdhana evaM baMdhana ke kArakoM ke pramukha bhedAbheda, karmasiddhAMta ke vikAsa ko to iMgita karate haiM, sAtha hI una tathyoM para bhI prakAza te haiM jinake kAraNa jIva karmapAza meM phaMsatA hai| bhAratIya vicAra darzana eka dhurI hai jisake cAroM aura maulika mUlyoM kA vikAsa hotA rahA hai| mUla srotoM se sArI sAmagrI ekatrita kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai / eka jaina karma - siddhAMta kA kSetra bhI itanA vizAla hai ki AdyopAMta par3hanA bhI kaThina hai| jaina karma siddhAMta kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM 1. karma eka sArvabhaumika niyama hai| prANI mAtra usase prabhAvita hai| 2. pratyeka prANI ke sAtha karma sambandha pravAhataH anAdi haiM, vyaktizaH sAdi haiN| 3. karmoM kI kartA - bhoktA AtmA svayaM hai / 4. AtmA ko karma phaladAna svataH milatA hai, kisI anya mAdhyama se nahIM / 5. karmabaMdhana ke bAda unameM parivartana bhI saMbhava hai| 6. AtmA apane puruSArtha kI chainI se anAdikAlIna karmoM ko tor3a sakatA hai| 7. sAdhanA kA sAra yahI hai, naye karmoM kA AdAna rokanA aura baddha karmoM ko tor3anA / karmavAda jaina darzana kA kendra hai, jisake Asa-pAsa usakA samagra darzana parikramA karatA hai| karma - siddhAMta kA manana karane para lagatA hai, karma - siddhAMta kA tArkika evaM vaijJAnika pratipAdana eka sAtha nahIM huA / kAlakrama se huA hai| jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 1260

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jaise-jaise dArzanika kSetra meM vividha dArzanika avadhAraNAeM evaM vyAkhyAeM astitva meM AIM, vaise-vaise jainoM ne karma kI samIkSA kI aura apane karmasiddhAMta ko tArkika banAne kA prayatna kiyaa| jainAcAryoM ne karma-siddhAMta para Aye AkSepoM ke nirAkaraNa kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai tAki jaina karma-siddhAMta ko tArkika AdhAra diyA jA ske| isa sambandha meM jaina AcAryoM kI vizeSatA yaha rahI. unhoMne karma-siddhAMta ke prastutIkaraNa meM tathA AkSepoM ke nirAkaraNa ke liye ekAntika dRSTikoNa na apanAkara anekAMtika dRSTi kA prayoga kiyA hai| kloniMga tathA karma siddhAMta vijJAna jagata meM kloniMga kI atyadhika carcA hai| DaulI ke rUpa meM bher3a kA kloniMga kiyA gyaa| prazna uThatA hai, kyA kloniMga kI prakriyA karmasiddhAMta ke liye cunautI nahIM hai ? kloniMga meM jIva paidA karane ke liye nara aura mAdA donoM kA honA Avazyaka nahIM ? kyA jaina darzana meM varNita garbha-dhAraNa kI prakriyA galata hai? kloniMga kI mAnyatA hai zarIra kI racanA, AkRti, zakla jaisI cAheM vaisI nirmita kI jAtI hai to nAma-karma kI upayogitA kyA hogI? kyA karmoM kA svabhAva, sthiti, anubhAga Adi meM aMtara nahIM par3a jAyegA ? aise aneka prazna khar3e hote haiM jinakA uttara hameM karma-siddhAMta se hI pAnA hai| usase pahale 'klona' kyA hai? samajha lenA jarUrI hai| kisI jIva vizeSa kA jeneTikala pratirUpa paidA honA 'kloniMga' kahalAtA hai| 'klona'72 usa jIva kA eka kaoNrbana kaoNpI hotA hai| 'janma kI sAmAnya prakriyA meM bhrUNa kA nirmANa nara ke zukrANu (Sperm cell) tathA mAdA ke aNDANu (Egg cell) ke saMgaThana (Fussion) se hotA hai| isa bhrUNa kozikA (Cell) ke kendraka (Nucleus) meM guNasUtra (Chromosome) pAye jAte haiN| unameM kucha guNasUtra mAdA ke, kucha nara ke hote haiN| isa prakriyA ko laiMgika (Sexual) prajanana kahA jAtA hai| kloniMga kI prakriyA isase bhinna hai| yahAM bhrUNa kI kozikA kendraka meM sAre guNasUtra kisI eka ke hote haiN| cAhe nara ke hoM yA mAdA ke| donoM ke saMyukta guNasUtra kI apekSA nhiiN| jisa jIva kA 'klona' taiyAra karanA hai usI jIva ke sAre guNasUtra 'klona' kI kozikA kendra meM hote haiN| yaha alaiMgika (Asexual) prajanana kI prakriyA hai| jisase 'klona' taiyAra hotA hai usa prakriyA ko 'kloniMga' kahate haiN| karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA

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kromosoma yAnI guNasUtra kI racanA D.N.A tathA R.N.A. nAmaka rasAyanoM se hotI hai| ina guNasUtroM para jInsa sthita hote haiN| kozikA ke kendraka ke cAroM ora eka jIvadrava hotA hai jise 'proToplAjmA' kahate haiN| aba hama 'klona' aura karma-siddhAMta para gaharAI se cintana kareMge ki donoM meM kahAM visaMgati hai, kahAM saMgati hai ? vaijJAnikoM kA kahanA hai ki 'klona' kisI jIva yA Donara perenTa (Donor Parent) kA aMza nahIM hai| donoM kA astitva alaga-alaga hai| zarIrazAstra ke anusAra pratyeka kozikA apane Apa meM svataMtra jIva hai| jaba pratyeka kozikA kA alaga astitva hai to usase nirmita bhrUNa aura bhrUNa se nirmita klona Donara perenTa kA aMza kaise ho sakatA hai? klona usase bilkula alaga hai| usakA AyuSya, usakI bhAvanAeM tathA usakA sukha-duHkha bhI bilkula bhinna hote haiN| yaha bAta DaulI ke garbhadhAraNa se tathA mAtA banane se adhika spaSTa ho gii| vijJAna kI mAnyatA hai ki manuSya kA bhI klona taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| mAna leM manuSya ke do klona taiyAra kiye| donoM kI zakla-sUrata eka jaisI hai kintu donoM ko bhinna-bhinna vAtAvaraNa tathA khAna-pAna milA to vyaktvinirmANa meM aMtara A jaayegaa| vikAsa alaga-alaga hogaa| kabhI-kabhI eka jaisA vAtAvaraNa aura anukUlatAeM milane para bhI vyaktvi meM aMtara ho jAtA hai| jaise kisI ke do jur3avAM bacce paidA hue haiN| zAna-zakla eka-sI hai phira bhI Age jAkara eka vidvAna bana jAtA hai eka nirakSara raha jAtA hai| aksara yaha dekhA jAtA hai| dUsarA prazna janma ke prakAra se hai ki binA nara ke saMyoga se jIva paidA kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu Donara perenTa nara hai to klona nara hogaa| mAdA hai to klona bhI mAdA hogaa| klona ko mAdA ke garbha meM rakhA jAtA hai, vahIM bacce kA vikAsa hotA hai| garbhakAla pUrA hone para hI baccA paidA hotA hai| garbha kI prakriyA barAbara hotI hai| ataH zAstroM meM varNita garbha kI prakriyA meM visaMgati nahIM aatii| nAmakarma ke sambandha meM yaha prazna hai ki icchita zAna-sUrata banAne para nAmakarma kA mahattva kyA rahegA? prazna mahattvapUrNa hai| .128 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kintu karma-siddhAMta kA gaharA adhyayana karane ke bAda samAdhAna svataH mila jAtA hai| karma bhI niraMkuza sattA nahIM hai| usa para bhI aMkuza hai|73 kRta karmoM kA bhoga avazyaMbhAvI hai| yaha sAmAnya niyama hai| isameM kucha apavAda bhI haiN| parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmoM kI udIraNA, utkramaNa, apakramaNa tathA saMkramaNa saMbhava hai| karmoM kI kAla maryAdA, tIvratA ko bar3hAyA-ghaTAyA bhI jA sakatA hai| udaya meM A rahe karmoM ke phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke liye akSama bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha upazama avasthA hai| saMkramaNa kA siddhAMta jIna ko badalane kA siddhAMta hai| mukhya bAta yaha hai, karmoM kA vipAka dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra hotA hai| vipAka bhI nimitta Azrita hai| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM kaha sakate haiM ki vyaktitva-nirmANa meM kevala karma hI nahIM usake sAtha paristhiti, AnuvaMzikatA, paryAvaraNa, vAtAvaraNa, bhaugolikatA Adi sabakA prabhAva hotA hai| pratyeka ghaTanA karma se hI ghaTita nahIM hotii|74 yadi hama karma yA niyati ke adhIna haiM to parivartana meM vivaza bana jaayeNge| jaise karma hai tadanurUpa hI kArya kreNge| puruSArtha kI apekSA nahIM rhegii| karma ke sAtha paristhitiyAM bhI nimitta haiN| zakla-sUrata meM nAmakarma kA yoga hai kintu deza-kAla kA prabhAva bhI manuSya ke raMga-rUpa para dekhA jAtA hai| aphrIkA ke loga kRSNAvarNI hote haiN| yUropa meM raMga sapheda hai| zIta aura uSNa pradeza kA bhI prabhAva hai| bhArata meM bhI yaha bhinnatA pratyakSa hai| rAsAyanika parivartana aura jInsa kA bhI asara dekhate haiN| AyuSya karma jitanA hai vyakti yA prANI utane samaya taka jIvita rahatA hai| Ama dhAraNA hai| isameM bhI apavAda hai| AyuSya ke do prakAra haiM- apavartanIya, anpvrtniiy| bAhya nimitta, jahara, parAghAta, sarpadaMza, saMkleza Adi se AyuSya kama ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra guNasUtra aura zakla-sUrata meM parivartana ho jAye to Azcarya nhiiN| nAma karma ke sAtha bAhya paristhitiyoM kA bhI yoga hotA hai| isase karma-siddhAMta aura vijJAna meM koI visaMgati pratIta nahIM hotii| kyoMki karmoM kA bhI to saMkramaNa hotA hai| ataH kloniMga kI prakriyA karma-siddhAMta ke liye cunautI hai, yaha dhAraNA nirAdhAra hai| balki yaha kahanA ucita hai ki karma-siddhAMta ko samajhane kI kloniMga eka vyavasthita prakriyA hai| karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 129.

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zarIra kA rAsAyanika parivartana, antaHsrAvI granthiyoM ke srAva kI alpatA-adhikatA bhI vyakti ke vyavahAra kI niyAmaka hai| nyUro-iNDokrAina taMtra kI saMyukta praNAlI kA phaMkzana vyaktitva ke ghaTaka tattvoM meM mukhya hai| mAnasazAstrI mana ke vibhinna staroM ke AdhAra para vyaktitva kI vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| mana ke tIna stara haiM-Conscious Mind cetana mana, Subconscious mind avacetana mana aura Un conscious mind acetana mana kI saMyukta kriyAzIlatA vyaktitva-vyAkhyA kA mahattvapUrNa bindu banatI hai| manovijJAna inake AdhAra para mana kI mUlabhUta samasyAoM ko samAhita karane kA prayatna karatA hai| mUla pravRttiyoM ke saMvega, uddIpana dvArA vyavahAra meM parivartana parilakSita hotA hai| maulika manovRttiyAM prANImAtra meM janmajAta haiN| Aja manovaijJAnika jisa bAta kI carcA karate haiM, unakA vivaraNa DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva ke Agama sAhitya meM upalabdha ho rahA hai| mahAvIra ne AhAra, bhaya, maithuna Adi dasa saMjJAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| cetanA kI vizeSa avasthA kA nAma saMjJA hai| jo mAnava-vyavahAra kI mUla pravRtti hai| inakI utpatti bAhya aura AMtarika uttejanA se hotI hai| dasoM jIvana-saMcAlana kI preraka zakti ke rUpa meM haiN| ___ manovaijJAnikoM meM phrAyaDa ke vicAra bhinna haiN| usake abhimata se libiDo (Libido) hI vAstava meM eka mUla pravRtti hai / usase hI saMpUrNa jIvana-vyavahAra saMcAlita hotA hai| manovijJAna vyavahAra kA zAstra hai isaliye libiDo ko sArI pravRttiyoM kA mUla mAnatA hai| __ prasiddha manovaijJAnika maikaDUgala kA mUla pravRttiyoM sambandhI vibhAga, dasa saMjJAoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| usane mUla pravRtti caudaha mAnI haiN| inake uddIpana meM sahAyaka sAmagrI evaM saMvega hetubhUta haiN| mAnasika parivartana kevala uddIpana aura pariveza ke AdhAra para hI nahIM, usameM nAr3I saMsthAna, jaivika vidyut, jaivika rasAyana, antaHsrAvI granthiyoM ke srAvoM kA bhI yoga rahatA hai| isake atirikta sUkSma jagat bhI hetubhUta hai| __ bhAratIya darzanoM meM vyakti ke AcaraNa, vyavahAra Adi kA mukhya ghaTaka karma hai| parivartana kI prakriyA meM karma ke spaMdana, mAnasika caMcalatA, zarIra kA saMsthAna ye sabhI sahabhAgI banate haiN| karmazAstra ke anusAra mohakarma ke vipAka se vyakti kA caritra aura vyavahAra badalatA hai| mohanIya karma kI pravRttiyoM evaM unake vipAkoM ke sAtha mUla pravRttiyoM aura mUla saMvegoM kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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karma zAstra kI bhASA meM AvegoM kA mUla srota hai- mohanIya krm| moha kA mUla hai-raag-dvess| rAga-dveSa kA eka cakra ghUma rahA hai| vaha cakra hai- Avega aura upaaveg| tAlikA ke dvArA spaSTa rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA hai mohanIya karma mUla prakRti saMvega kI pravRttiyAM palAyana (Escape) bhaya (Fear) anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha saMgharSavRtti (Combat) krodha (Anger) apratyAkhyAnI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha jijJAsA (Curiosity) kutUhala bhAva (Wonder) pratyAkhyAnI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha bhojanAnveSaNa bhUkha (Appetite) saMjvalana krodha, (Food-seeking) mAna, mAyA, lobha pitrIya vRtti (Parental) vAtsalya hAsya (Tender emotion) yUthavRtti (Social Instinct) | sAmUhikatA (Loneliness) vikarSaNa vRtti (Repuision)| jugupsA (Disgust) arati kAmavRtti (Sex, Mating) kAmukatA (Lust) bhaya svAgrahavRtti utkarSa bhAvanA (Self-assertion) (Positive Self Feelling) AtmahInatA hIna bhAva jugupsA (Submission) (Negative Self Feelling) upArjanavRtti svAmitva bhAva strIveda (Acquisition) (Feeling of Owenship) racanAvRtti (Construction)| sRjana bhAva puruSaveda (Feeling of Construction)| yAcanAvRtti (Appeal) duHkha bhAva napuMsakaveda (Feeling of Appealing) hAsyavRtti (Humour) ullasita bhAva (Laughting Feeling) karmavAda; usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA rati zoka -131.

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astitva kA sambandha manodazAoM se hai| mAnavIya vyavahAra kI vyAkhyA AvegoM ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| AvegAtmaka tIvratA-mandatA manovRttiyoM ko prazasta-aprazasta banAtI hai| saMvegoM kI sthiti meM hAIpothemelasa, svataH saMcAlita nAr3I taMtra aura vRhad mastiSka vizeSa prabhAvita hote haiN| ataH vyaktitva ke nirmANa meM karma ke atirikta aura bhI anekoM nimitta hote haiN| kloniMga kI ghaTanA AnuvaMzika kSetra meM apUrva ghaTanA hai| karmavAda kI gaharAI dekhane para klona prakriyA meM saMdeha nahIM raha jaataa| karma ke sAtha bAhya pariveza bhI kAma karatA hai| karma siddhAMta aura kvAnTam yAMtrikI kvAnTam yAMtrikI meM kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta ko naye DhaMga se vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai| usake anusAra sabhI apekSita kAraNoM ke upalabdha hone para bhI abhISTa kArya hone kI zata-pratizata nizciMtatA nahIM hai aura samAna kAryoM kI vidyamAnatA meM bhI kArya (phala) asamAna ho sakate haiN| yaha anizcitatA kA siddhAMta 'kvAnTam yAMtrikI' ne sammAna ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra kisI bhI sUkSma kaNa kI sthiti evaM gati kA mApana sahI rUpa se eka sAtha na samajhA jA sakatA hai, na batAyA jA sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM bhI kArya-kAraNa kI vyavasthA niyati kA samarthana nahIM krtii| kyoMki eka kAraNa se aneka kArya bhI hote dekhe gaye haiN| AiMsTIna jaise vikhyAta vaijJAnika bhI kvAnTam yAMtrikI se itane cauMka uThe ki ve aMtima sAMsa taka isake prazaMsaka rahe aura sAtha meM zaMkA bhI calatI rhii| unhoMne kahA- isameM kahIM-na-kahIM cUka hai isaliye kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta pUrNatayA lAgU nahIM ho pA rahA hai| kvAnTam yAMtrikI aura niyata kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta kI rakSA ke liye yaha khojate rahe ki sUkSma kaNoM ke vyavahAra ko samajhane meM kahAM bhUla hai ? isa prazna kA uttara jaina karmavAda dene meM samartha hai| jaina darzana meM karma ko atyanta sUkSma pudgala mAnA hai| pratyeka jIva ke sAtha anAdi kAla se saMpRkta hai| unase prabhAvita jIva naye karmoM kA upArjana karatA rahatA hai| grahaNa-visarjana kI prakriyA niraMtara cAlU hai| karma-rajoM ko upakaraNa se pakar3a pAyeM yA nahIM, kintu karmadhUli prayoktA kI bhAvanAnusAra use avazya prabhAvita karatI hai| Ajakala yaha mAnya ho cukA hai, prayoktA kI bhAvanA kA prabhAva yaMtroM para bhI par3atA hai| isake AdhAra para 'kvAnTam yAMtrikI' evaM kArya-kAraNa siddhAMta .132 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA haiN| kaise vicAroM kA, kisa prakAra phala milatA hai| umAsvAti ne tatvArtha sUtra meM isakA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA hai| ina tathyoM kI puSTi vaijJAnika prayogoM se ho rahI hai| jaina karma siddhAMta kI 6 avadhAraNAeM 1. karma Atmika nahIM, paudgalika hai| 2. karma paramANu sUkSma aura catuHsparzI hai| 3. karma prAyogya pudgala hI karma rUpa meM pariNata hote haiN| 4. karma ke liye sabhI prakAra ke pudgala kAma nahIM Ate, unakI vargaNAeM pRthak haiN| 5. karma AtmA kA AvaraNa, paratantratA aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai / 6. karma ananta paramANuoM ke skaMdha haiN| vijJAna pratyeka paramANu meM eka nAbhika mAnatA hai| bhArI aura asthira paramANu ke nAbhika meM nyUTraoNna tathA proTaoNna ke atirikta anya kaI choTe kaNa aura hote haiN| ina kaNoM kI svayaM apanI UrjA hai| ve svayaM nAbhika se bAhara nikalanA cAhate haiN| lekina yadi nAbhika kA Potential Berrier kaNa kI UrjA se adhika hai to vaha usase bAhara nahIM nikala sktaa| yadi nAbhikIya bAdhA ko pAra karane jitanI atirikta UrjA use prApta ho jAtI hai to vaha bAhara nikala jAtA hai| yahI sthiti bhAgya - puruSArtha kI hai| karmoM kI bAdhA nAbhikIya bAdhA se kucha bhinna hai / karmoM kI sthiti-zakti sadA eka sI nahIM rahatI hai, vaha samaya ke sAtha-sAtha badalatI rahatI hai| nAbhikIya bAdhA kA sambandha mAtra jar3a pudgala se hai jabaki karmoM kA sambandha jar3a tathA cetana donoM se hai| yadi puruSArtha prabala hai to pratikUla karmoM kI zakti kama hai, kArya kI siddhi hogI / puruSArtha kamajora hai aura pratikUla karmoM kI zakti adhika hai to kArya kI saphalatA saMbhava nahIM hai| puruSArtha kA zastra tIkhA kiyA jaaye| saMbhava hai puruSArtha svayaM pratikUla karmoM ke liye cunautI khar3I kara degaa| jisase karma apanA prabhAva dikhAye binA hI niSprabha ho jaayeNge| AtmA kisI rahasyamaya zaktizAlI vyakti ke adhIna nahIM hai| na kisI daravAje para dastaka dene kI apekSA hai| karmavAda ke anusAra AtmA sarvocca karmavAda, usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA 1330

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sImA ko prApta kara AtmA-paramAtmA bana jAtI hai| karmoM kA grahaNa, bhoga aura mukti tInoM AtmA ke adhIna haiN| saMdarbha sUcI 1. loka prakAza 424| 2. tattvArtha vArtika a. 1|4|10, pR. 26 adhyate anena bandhana mAtraMvA baMdhaH / 3. dravya saMgraha 2|32| 4. tattvArtha sUtra a. 8 sUtra 2 / 5. AcArAMga, a. 2 u. 6 sU. 150 6. AcArAMga a. 1 u. 1 sU. 6 7. vahI, a. 1 u. 2 sU. 22-23 8. vahI, a. 5 u. 1 sU. 6 ( ajJAna), a.2 u. 6 sU. 152 (pramAda) 9. vahI, a. 3 u. 2 sU. 36 10. vahI, a. 5 u. 1 sU. 7 11. vahI, a.2 u.5 sU. 135 12. vahI, a. 2 u. 4 sU. 99 13. abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi, kANDa 6 zlo. 133 / 14. ThANAMga 24, 96 jogA payaDi padesaM, Thiti aNubhAgaM kasAyao kuNai / 15. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 8 / 3 / pamAya kamma mAhaMsu / 16. bhagavatI 1 / 3 / 140-141 17. sthAnAMga 4 - 92| 18. samavAyAMga, samavAya 2 19. bhagavatI 3 | 3|142| 20. gommaTasAra (karma kANDa) a. 6 gA. 786 / 21. saMyukta nikAya 3|33| 22. samavAyAMga samavAya 4 23. uttarAdhyayana 33|23| 24. paMcama karma grantha gA. 19/21 / 25. tattvArtha sUtra 6|6| tIbra - maMda jJAta'jJAta bhAvAdhikaraNa vIrya vizeSebhyasta - dvizeSeH / 1340 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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26. paMcAstikAya sAra 38 / 27. pannavaNA pada 23 / 1 / 212 / 28. paMca saMgraha (prAkRta) 3 / 3 / 29. karma grantha prathama bhAga pR. 58 / 30. gommaTa sAra (karma kANDa) gA. 438 / 31. vahI, gA 440 32. bauddha dharma darzana pR. 275 33. sarvArtha siddhi 8 / 21 pR. 398 viziSTapAko nAnAvidho vA vipAkaH / 34. tattvArtha 8 / 21 vipaakaanubhv| 35. sarvArtha siddhi, 8 / 2 / pR. 377/ 36. vahI, 8 / 21 pR. 398 / 37. bhagavatI (vRtti) 6 / 3 / 34 / __vAdhA-karmaNa udayaH, na vAdhA avAdhA karmaNo bandhasyodayasyacAntaram / 38. bhagavatI 7 / 10 / 226 39. dazAzruskaMdha 6 40. sUtrakRtAMga 9 / 4 / 41. uttarAdhyayana, 13 / 22, 4 / 3, 4 / 4 / 42. saMyukta nikAya 1 / 11 / 10 / yAdisaM vapate vIjaM, tAdisaM harate phalaM / 43. majjhima nikAya, cUla kamma vibhNgsuttnt| 44. mahAbhArata zAMti parva, 181,16 / 45. zvetAzvataropaniSad 5/7/ 46. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gA. 1170 pR. 1159/ 47. jJAnArNava 35 / 26-7 48. tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 23 / 49. samAja aura saMskRti pR. 168 / 50. jaina darzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa pR. 452 / 51. karma vipAka gaa.1| 52. nirukta koza pR. 73 53. Avazyaka niyukti, gA. 928 54. Rgveda 22 / 19 / karmavAda: usakA svarUpa aura vaijJAnikatA - 135.

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55. kleza mUla: karmAzayo dRSTA dRSTa janma vedanIyaH yo. sU. 2 / 12 / 56. yo. sU. 2 / 13 / satimUle tadvipAko jAtyAyurbhogAH / 57. Humen Anatomy and Physiology. P. 326 Mir Moscow 58. bhagavatI, za. 12 / u.6 sU. 120 59. tarka bhASA. pR. 28 60. tarka saMgraha pR. 98 / 61. Atma-mImAMsA pR. 80 / paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA / 62. AyAro 1 / 3 / 1 / 19 / kammuNA uvaThi jAya / 63. Rgveda ma. 1 sU. 19 maM. 3 / 64. taittirIyopaniSad 3 | 1 | 65. nyAya darzana sUtra 4|1 | IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSa karma phalasya darzanAt / 66. mahAbhArata vana parva 30|31| 67. gItA 7|22| 68. isibhAsiyAI, pR. 2 / 1 / jIvA kammANugAmiNo / 69. vahI, 2 / 4-5 / 70. vahI, pR. 142 / 71. uttarAdhyayana 33 / 1-16, samavAyAMga 9 / 58, 16 / 111, 52 / 286, 58 / 304, pannavaNA 23|22|10| tattvArtha sUtra 8 / 5-14 / 72. From cell to cloning by P.C. JOSHI, Science Reporter February 1998 73. jaina dharma aura darzana, lekhaka - muni pramANa sAgara / 74. karmavAda, lekhaka- AcAryazrI mahAprajJa / 75. kyA akAla mRtyu saMbhava hai ? lekhaka DaoN. anilakumAra jaina, tIrthaMkara iMdora julAI 1994 42 / 241, * 1360 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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BRIGGERUITUTISIITTYGGJURUTIIVIO paMcama adhyAya punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra GAGGIUJIZUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIG GUGTUGITTIGO * karma-punarjanma * bhAratIya darzanoM meM punarjanma * punarjanma kA kAraNa * punarjanma : astitva ke AdhAra bindu * punarjanma : parakAya praveza * parakAya praveza kI vidhi * karma siddhAnta aura zArIrika cihna * mRtyu : eka mImAMsA * Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi meM * pAzcAtya vidvAna aura mRtyu * lezyA aura punarjanma * lezyA aura AbhAmaNDala OUTUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUIO COTITUSEST CE SI CU SUCIUCG G GG GITI GIGGO

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punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra __ mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kI kyA sthiti hogI? usakA astitva banA rahegA yA miTa jAyegA? yaha jijJAsA punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke abhimukha karatI hai| yaha adhyAtmavAdI darzana kA maulika siddhAMta hai| AtmA kI zAzvatatA siddha karane ke liye punarjanma ke siddhAMta kI sthApanA kI aura use karma-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| karma evaM punarjanma donoM parasparAzrita haiN| jIvana anaMta avasAnoM kA avazeSa hai| janma-mRtyu, mRtyu-janma ke aneka AvartoM kA ThaharAva jIvana hai| jIvana kA prasthAna maraNa hai| janma-maraNa kA cakra hai nava ghATI janma mRtyu janma mRtyu janma mRtyu nava ghATI janma mRtyu janma 1111 / / / / / / / / / / mRtyu janma mRtyu janma mRtyu janma mRtyu janma mRtyu nava ghATI janma mRtyu janma mRtyu janma nava ghATI mRtyu janma mRtyu janma punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 139.

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isa cakra ko hI punarjanma kahate hai / dhArmika AsthA se lekara parAmanovijJAna taka sabake samakSa prazna hai, mRtyu ke bAda bhI koI jIvana hai ? kyA vartamAna jIvana ko kisI paramparA kI kar3I ke rUpa meM jI rahe haiM ? kyA atIta ke garbha meM koI astitva thA ? aura anAgata meM rahegA ? ina praznoM kA samAdhAna jaina darzana ke anusAra karanA hI ucita rhegaa| janma-mRtyu kA kAraka hai - AyuSya krm| AyuSya karma kA svabhAva gRha kI taraha hai| aparAdhI vyakti ko daNDa svarUpa eka nizcita avadhi ke liye kArAgRha meM DAlA jAtA hai / avadhi samApta hue binA vaha vahAM se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| vaise hI jIva ko nirdhArita avadhi taka deha ke kArAgRha meM rahanA par3atA hai| avadhi pUrNa hone para mRtyu ho jAtI hai / maraNa hI use deha - paryAya se detA hai| karma - punarjanma (Reincernation) cetana kA astitva aura prANI kA vyaktitva donoM kI samyak vyAkhyA ke liye jaina AgamoM meM karmavAda kI avadhAraNA hai| atIta ke dharAtala para janmoM kI jo yAtrA kI, vartamAna jIvana ke utthAna - patana, Aroha-avaroha, saMskAroM kA utsarpaNa-avasarpaNa kI prakriyA ko karmavAda eka nizcita AkAra detA hai| janma ke prathama ucchvAsa se lekara aMtima sAMsa taka ghaTita ghaTanAoM, durghaTanAoM, paristhitiyoM ke upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM karma kI vyAkhyA hai| palane se arathI taka kI yAtrA karma mahApatha se hokara gujaratI hai| prANI' jo kucha bhI karatA hai / sArI pravRttiyoM kA mUlAdhAra pUrvakRta karma haiM / pUrvakRta karma isa janma ke, saikar3oM-hajAroM janmoM ke pUrvavartI saMskAroM kI eka avicchinna paramparA ke rUpa meM cala rahe haiN| jaina mAnyatA meM pUrva janma kI prastuti karmavAda kI AdhArazilA para TikI hai| karma atIta aura anAgata kA setubaMdha hai| maulika prazna hai, kyA hameM pUrvajanma kA bodha hotA hai ? kyA janmajanmAntara kI yAtrA meM una par3AvoM ThaharAvoM ke bAre meM jAna sakate haiM, jahAM AtmA ne kucha samaya ke liye vizrAma liyA thA ? isa saMdarbha meM AcArAMga sUtra kA jambU-sudharmA saMvAda draSTavya hai / jaMbU ke prazna Arya sudharmA samAhita karate hue kahate haiM - maiMne mahAvIra se sunA-saMsAra meM prANiyoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki maiM pUrva dizA se AyA thA yA jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 1400

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3 pazcima dizA se uttara se AyA yA dakSiNa se ? pUrvajanma meM maiM kauna thA ? Age kyA banUMgA? isase spaSTa hai ki AgamoM meM punarjanma ke siddhAMta kI pratiSThA hI nahIM huI balki dUsaroM ko anubhava karAyA jA sake aise prayoga bhI hu haiM / bhAratIya sAhitya meM pUrvajanma, punarjanma kI hajAroM kathAeM haiN| tIrthaMkara caritra meM tIrthaMkaroM ke bhavAntaroM kA saMkSipta varNana hai / bha. pArzvanAtha ke dasa bhavoM kA vivecana kalpasUtra TIkA, triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa cAritra Adi zAstroMgranthoM meM milatA hai| bha. pArzvanAtha ke sAtha kamaTha asura kI kaI janmoM taka vairaparamparA banI rahI hai| bha. mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA ullekha Avazyaka niryukti, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, Avazyaka cUrNi, Avazyaka haribhadrIyavRtti, Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti Adi meM milatA hai / kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM bhI 27 bhavoM (janmoM) kA vivecana hai| ye ghaTanAeM pUrvajanma kI sAkSya haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kA vikAsa eka janma kI kahAnI nahIM, janma janmAntara ke saMskAroM kA saMskaraNa hai| paMcAstikAya meM nirUpita - pUrvajanma - punarjanma kI yAtrA meM zarIra badalatA hai, AtmA nhiiN| AtmA pUrva paryAya meM thI vahI uttara paryAya meM hai / AtmA kA rUpAntaraNa nahIM, paryAya kA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| paryAya parivartana kA anubhava adhikAMza jIvoM ko nahIM hotA / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne zreNika putra meghakumAra jo zramaNa dIkSA kI prathama rAtri meM hI kucha kAraNoM se asthira citta bana gayA thA, mahAvIra ne use pUrvajanma kI smRti karAkara sAdhanA meM punaH sthira kiyA / isa prakAra zAstrasammata aneka ghaTanAeM haiM jo isa tathya ko ujAgara karatI haiM ki zarIra ke naSTa hone para bhI AtmA kA astitva hai| karma aura punarjanma donoM sApekSa haiN| eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA astitva nahIM TikatA / bhAratIya darzanoM meM punarjanma (Reincarnation ) bhAratIya cintakoM ne aneka yuktiyoM se punarjanma ke siddhAMta ko siddha kiyA hai| yaha unakA vivecya viSaya rahA hai| jainAgama, purANa, mahAkAvya, nATaka, stotra, veda, upaniSad Adi meM punarjanma sambandhI vivecana tathA aneka ghaTanAoM kA ullekha hai| manusmRti' meM kahA hai- prANI ke kArya meM jisa guNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, usI ke anurUpa vaha deha dhAraNa karatA hai aura usakA upabhoga karatA hai / koI bhI karma apanA prabhAva dikhAye binA nahIM rahatA / punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1410

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upaniSadoM meM, AtmA ke traikAlika astitva evaM punarjanma ke viSaya meM sUkSma ciMtana milatA hai| jo prabhAvotpAdaka hai| vedAMta meM - deha evaM AtmA meM 'vyatireka' hai, kyoMki deha evaM AtmA meM tadbhAva 'maiM vahI hUM' isa pratIti kA abhAva hai| jo sat hai usakA abhAva nahIM hotA, rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| AtmA kA paryAya parivartana hI punarjanma hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM AtmA na strI hai na puruSa aura na napuMsaka / jisa zarIra se yukta hotA hai use usI abhidhA se abhihita karate haiM / yoga darzana' meM karmAzaya aura vAsanA kA bheda vyakta karate hue likhA haieka janma meM saMcita karma ko karmAzaya kahate haiM aura aneka janmoM ke karma saMskAra kI paramparA ko vAsanA / karmAzaya kA vipAka do prakAra se hotA hai| jisakA vipAka dUsare janma meM ho vaha adRSTa janma vedanIya tathA isa janma meM vipAka ho use dRSTa janma vedanIya kahA jAtA hai / vAsanA kI paramparA anAdi hai / mahAbhArata - marane para jIva tatkAla anya loka meM calA jAtA hai| eka kSaNa ke liye bhI vaha asaMsArI nahIM rahatA / raghuvaMza " - saMtAna prApti ke bAda sUrya kI ora dekhatI huI maiM vesA tapa karUMgI jisase janmAntara bhI Apa mere pati hI hoM, merA Apa se viyoga na ho / bauddha darzana meM pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAoM kA mahattvapUrNa varNana hai / unake anusAra kuzala karma sugati aura akuzala karma durgati kA kAraNa hai / pratItya samutpAda punarjanma kI saMpUrNa vyAkhyA karatA hai| usameM punarjanma kA kAraNa avidyA aura saMskAra ko mAnA hai| buddha ne kahA- he bhikSuo ! cAra Arya satya ke prativedya na hone se dIrghakAla se merA aura tumhArA AvAgamana - saMsaraNa ho rahA hai| " jaba taka karma samApta nahIM hote, taba taka eka jIvana se dUsare jIvana meM unakA pariNAma milatA hai| bhAratIya cintakoM ne janma-maraNa kA hetu sUkSma zarIra (liGga zarIra) mAnA hai / jaina darzana meM use kArmaNa zarIra kahA hai / anya cAra zarIroM kI apekSA yaha sUkSmatara hai| vibhinna yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kA nimitta yahI zarIra hai| 12 sAMkhya kArikA ke bhASya meM vAcaspati mizra ne kahA- liMga zarIra bArabAra sthUla zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai / pUrva zarIra kA tyAga karatA hai| isI kA jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 1420

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nAma saMsaraNa hai| mRtyu hone para liMga zarIra kA nAza nahIM hotA / pUrva janma ke anubhava tathA karma ke saMskAra liMga zarIra meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / 13 14 nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra- AtmA vyApaka hai| dharma-adharma rUpa pravRttijanya saMskAra mana meM nihita rahate haiN| AtmA aura mana kA jahAM taka sambandha hai, vahAM taka punarjanma hai| mImAMsA darzana meM mana ko punarjanma kA kAraNa mAna kara usakI vyAkhyA kI hai| maharSi araviMda" ke abhimata se - punarjanma hamAre aneka zarIroM meM hone vAle AMtarika astitva kI yAda dilAtA hai / punarjanma kA sArA dhArAvAhika krama icchA, karma evaM pariNAma para AdhArita hai| islAma evaM IsAiyoM ne punarjanma kI spaSTa ghoSaNA nahIM kI kintu pUrNa niSedha bhI nahIM milatA hai| dArzanika kavi jalAluddIna 16 rUmI ne punardehAgamana ke viSaya meM likhA- maiMne sAta sau bAra janma dhAraNa kiyA hai| maiM khanija padArtha ke rUpa meM marA aura vanaspati ke rAjya meM praviSTa huaa| paudhe ke rUpa meM janmA to kabhI pazu yoni meN| vahAM se mRtyu pAkara insAna bnaa| aba maiM mRtyu se kyoM DarUM ? mRtyu ke dvArA kho jAne kA kyA Dara hai ? maiM phira insAna banakara marUMgA / phira devadUta se Upara uThakara kalpanAtIta sthiti ko prApta kruuNgaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM cArvAka ke atirikta karma aura punarjanma ke siddhAMta para prAyaH sabhI dArzanika ekamata haiN| punarjanma kA kAraNa jaina darzana meM punarjanma kA kAraNa karma vipAka hai| caitanya para karmoM kA saghana AvaraNa rahegA taba taka prANI ko nAnA avasthAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai karmAvaraNa kSINa hone para mukti hai / 2 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ikSukAra, mRgAputra kI ghaTanAeM, jJAtAsUtra meM tela putra 7, sumeruprabha hAthI 8, rAjA pratibuddhi9, naMda maNiyAra, tIrthaMkara mallI21 Adi kA varNana punarjanma aura zubhAzubha karma kA anyonyAzraya sambandha spaSTa karatA hai| AtmA ke vividha rUpoM evaM avasthAoM kA pratipAdana hai| isI prakAra nAgazrI22 sukumAlikA, aura draupadI karma paramparA se jur3I eka hI AtmA kI vividha avasthAeM haiN| punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1430

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sUkSma zarIra aura AtmA kA sambandha apazcAnupUrvI hai| sUkSma zarIra ke kAraNa hI sthUla zarIra kA parAvartana hotA rahatA hai / janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA yaha saMvAhaka hai / jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para manuSya to kyA vRkSoM kA bhI punarjanma hotA hai| vRkSa mara kara manuSya bana sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM rocaka saMvAda upalabdha hai / 23 gautama ne mahAvIra se pUchA- bhaMte! sUrya kI sakhta garamI se pIr3ita, pyAsa se vyAkula dAvAnala kI jvAlA meM jhulasA huA zAlavRkSa sUkhane ke bAda kahAM paidA hogA ? mahAvIra ne uttara diyA- gautama ! yaha rAjagRhI meM punaH zAlavRkSa ke rUpa meM utpanna hogaa| vahAM arcita, vaMdita, pUjita, satkRta, sammAnita hogaa| vahAM se marakara mahAvideha meM manuSya kA janma grahaNa karegA / eka aura vismayakArI tathya udghATita hotA hai ki mAM ke garbha meM garbhakAla ke antargata yadi koI bhrUNagata jIva mara jAtA hai to mRta kalevara meM usI bhrUNa kA jIva punaH janma le letA hai| isa prakriyA ko jaina ciMtana meM 'kAya bhavastha punarjanma 24 kahA hai| punarjanma : astitva ke AdhAra bindu virATa vizva ke raMgamaMca kA khilAr3I jIva anAdikAla se apanA abhinaya pradarzita kara rahA hai| eka paramANu jitanA sthAna bhI achUtA nahIM, jahAM janma-mRtyu kI kriyA nahIM huI ho| eka-eka janma ke pIche anaMta anaMta karma haiN| unakA phala bhugatAna punarjanma ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai / yaha sarvamAnya saccAI hai| mAtA-pitA ke bhinna svabhAva vAlI saMtAnoM kI utpatti punarjanma kA pramANa hai| pichale janma meM kiye karma ke phala rUpa punarjanma kA honA anumAna pramANa hai bIja-phala nyAya kI taraha / vRhadAraNyaka meM likhA hai -mRtyu ke pazcAta turaMta jIva dUsare zarIra meM vaise hI janma letA hai jaise tRNoM para rahane vAlA kIr3A eka tRNa ko chor3a dUsare para jAtA hai| jAtaka grantha meM ullekha hai ki mRtyu kI ghar3I meM hI agale janma kI kuMDalI taiyAra ho jAtI hai| veda 25, upaniSada 26, smRti 27, gItA 28 aura jaina-bauddha sAhitya meM punarjanma ke saMvAdI tathya 9 upalabdha haiN| jaise jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana * 1440

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1. jIvana stara se punarjanma kI siddhi vartamAna jIvanazailI punarjanma kI pratIka hai kyoMki vibhinna jIvoM kA na to zarIra, rUpa, Ayu samAna hai na bhogAdi sukha-sAdhana bhI eka jaise| prANIprANI meM vyApta vaiSamya kisI adRzya zakti kI ora saMketa hai|30 vaha zakti pUrva kRta karma hI hai| 2. janmajAta vilakSaNa pratibhA vyavahAra meM eka vyakti asAdhAraNa pratibhA saMpanna hai, dUsarA abodha / eka mAM kI saMtAnoM meM bhI yaha aMtara pAyA jAtA hai jo pUrvajanma ke abhyAsa kA pariNAma hai| pleTo ne sukarAta se pUchA- Apa samAna rUpa se adhyApana karavAte haiM kintu vidyArthiyoM meM aMtara kyoM? eka kI smRti teja hai, eka kI mNd| sukarAta ne uttara diyA- jina logoM ke pUrvajanma kA abhyAsa hai ve zIghra yAda kara lete haiN| jinheM abhyAsa nahIM unheM dera lagatI hai| yaha saMvAda punarjanma kA pramANa hai| 3. AtmA kA nityatva __ mRtyu ke bAda zarIra naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu AtmA kA astitva vidyamAna rahatA hai|31 "Atmanityatve pretyabhAva siddhiH|32 AcArya vAtsyAyana ne isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA kI- nityo'yamAtmA preti pUrva zarIraM jhaati| priyate iti pretya ca pUrva zarIraM hitvA bhavati jAyate zarIrAntaranupAdatta iti taccaitadubhayaM janma-maraNa pretyabhAvo veditvyaa|" yaha kathana punarjanma kI siddhi sUcaka hai| 4. pratyabhijJAna pratyakSa aura smRti kA jor3a rUpa jJAna pratyabhijJA hai|33 smRti sabakI samAna nahIM hotii| 5. jJAna dRSTi se jJAna ke vikAsa meM bhI nyUnAdhika dekhA jAtA hai| jJAna zakti sabameM nihita hai kintu vikAsa kA aMtara hai| 6 vIrya zakti se bhItara meM AtmavIrya kA khajAnA sabako prApta hai| phira bhI kaI jIvAtmAeM utsAha evaM kriyAtmaka zaktisaMpanna haiN| kaiyoM meM mandatA hai| punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra -

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7. apaudgalikatA kI dRSTi se vyakti-vyakti ke vyaktitva meM bhI sAmya nahIM hai| kisI kA AkarSaka hotA hai, kisI kA nhiiN| kaI dIrghajIvI haiM, kaI alpjiivii| yaza-apayaza Adi sthitiyAM paudgalika upakaraNa haiN| AtmA apaudgalika hai isaliye samAna hai kintu paudgalika viSamatA punarjanma kI dyotaka hai| kArya-kAraNa, janya-janaka bhAva bhI pratyakSa pramANa hai| acche-bure karmoM kA phalopabhoga na ho to karma kI vyarthatA siddha hogI aura kRta praNAza doSa bhI aayegaa| koI bhI baccA janma ke sAtha karma nahIM karatA kintu sukha-duHkha kA upabhoga karatA hai| janma se asvastha, apaMga ho jAtA hai| aisA kyoM ? sahaja prazna hai| yadi binA kiye karmaphala milatA hai to akRtAgama doSa AtA hai| stanyapAna kI kriyA, ronA-haMsanA, calanA Adi svataH hI karane laga jAtA hai| pazu-pakSiyoM meM saMtAnotpatti, pAlana-poSaNa, rahana-sahana kI vyavasthA karane kA anubhava hotA hai| kahIM prazikSaNa nahIM diyA jaataa| janmajAta saMskAra hai| bhramara, madhumakkhI, bayA Adi kI vizeSatAeM spaSTa sUcita karatI haiM-punarjanma ko| bila banAnA, madhu taiyAra karanA, nIr3a kI saMracanA Adi kriyAeM unake pUrva karmajanya saMskAroM kI abhivyakti hai| karma se punarjanma hotA hai| punarjanma ke bAre meM udbhUta zaMkA kA yaha nirasana hai| punarjanma : parakAya praveza bhagavatI sUtra meM 'poTTa parihAra'34 kA ullekha hai| gauzAlaka aura tilapuSpa ke saMdarbha kA saMvAda hai| mahAvIra ne kahA-gauzAlaka ! yaha tila kA paudhA phalita hogaa| ye sAta tila-puSpa jIva marakara isI paudhe kI tilaphalI meM sAta tila hoNge| vahI huaa| vanaspatikAya ke jIva bhI 'poTTa parihAra' kA upabhoga karate haiN| gauzAlaka ne isI AdhAra para sabhI jIvoM meM 'poTTa parihAra' kA siddhAMta sthApita kiyaa| 'poTTa parihAra kA' artha hai-mRta zarIra kA adhigrhnn| vanaspati ke 'poTTa parihAra' kI saMbhAvyatA ko mahAvIra ne svIkAra kiyA thA, anya jIvoM meM bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai isakA khaNDana kahIM nahIM miltaa| isa tathya ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki vanaspatikAya kI taraha anya jIva-yoniyoM meM bhI 'poTTa parihAra' saMbhava hai| isa bAta kI puSTi bhagavatI ke hI agale prakaraNa se hotI hai| .146 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bhagavatI35 ke AdhAra para hI prANI kA garbhakAla jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa bAraha varSa kA mAnA hai / kAya bhavastha kA kAlamAna ja. antarmuhUrta u. caubIsa varSa hai| vRttikAra ne spaSTIkaraNa prastuta kiyA - eka jIva garbha meM bAraha varSa raha sakatA hai| bAraha varSa kI avadhi pUrI hote hI garbha meM mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| punaH usI zarIra meM utpanna ho aura bAraha varSa raha sakatA hai| isa prakAra caubIsa varSa kI utkRSTa sthiti hai| tiryaJca zarIra meM bhI 'poTTa parihAra' svIkAra kiyA hai / tiryaJcanI 36 kI garbhasthiti jaghanya antarmuhUrta, utkRSTa ATha varSa kI hai| nizItha cUrNi, bhASya Adi meM AzcaryakArI vivecana hai ki zramaNa ke avasAna hone para usa deha kA aMguSTha Adi kA chedana kara dete haiM, tAki koI anya vyaMtara deva prabhRti usa zarIra para Adhipatya na kara le| mRta zarIra kA adhigrahaNa kara pUrva janma kI smRti banAye rakhanA, pUrva janma sambandhI vilakSaNa ghaTanA hai| parakAya praveza kI vidhi parakAya praveza eka viziSTa yaugika kriyA hai / jaba koI yogI anubhava karatA hai ki yaha merA zarIra sAdhanA kI kaThinatA sahane meM sakSama nahIM hai aura vaha ucca sAdhanA karane kA kAmI hai / vaha kisI sakSama, baliSTha, parAkramI aura sundara mRta zarIra kI pratIkSA -rata rahatA hai| yoga milane para apane prANoM ko mastiSka (sahasrAra cakra) meM car3hA detA hai / phira apane samasta saMskAra, svabhAva aura guNoM ke sAtha dUsare zarIra meM calA jAtA hai / uddezya kI pUrti hone para punaH apane pUrva zarIra meM lauTa AtA hai| jaba taka nahIM lauTatA pUrva zarIra ko kahIM surakSita karavA detA hai / Adya zaMkarAcArya ke sambandha meM prasiddha ghaTanA hai| jaba ve paM. maNDanamizra kI patnI bhAratI se parAsta ho gaye taba ve avakAza mAMga kara tatkAla mRta rAjA amarUka ke zarIra meM sUkSma zarIra sahita praviSTa hue / abhyAsa kara punaH surakSita pUrva zarIra ko prApta kiyA / (svAmI apUrvAnanda ne 'AcArya zaMkara' nAmaka pustaka ke 115 pRSTha para ullekha kiyA hai / ) parakAya praveza svataH eka vijJAna hai| isakA prayoga ve hI kara sakate haiM jo apane sUkSma zarIra ko icchAnusAra kisI dUsare zarIra meM praveza de sakate haiN| punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1470

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yoga vAziSTha ke anusAra recaka prANAyAma kA abhyAsa puSTa kara mukha dvArA Upara bAraha-bAraha aMgula taka ke pradeza meM zarIra ke bhItara prANa ko sthira rakhane kI zakti jise prApta ho, vahI yogI anya zarIra para adhikAra kara sakatA hai| zaunaka RSi ke abhimata se parakAya praveza ke liye ir3A, piMgalA aura suSumnA kI sAdhanA jarUrI hai| 'vrajolI mudrA' se bhI parakAya praveza saMbhava hai| pAtaMjala yogazAstra meM AkAza mArga se gamana, eka hI samaya meM aneka zarIra dhAraNa, parazarIra meM praveza Adi yoga vibhUtiyoM kA ullekha hai| annamaya koSa se prANamaya koSa ke udgamana (Projection) kI kriyA dvArA hI parakAya praveza kI siddhi hotI hai| cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha binA udgamana saMbhava nahIM hai| parakAya praveza kA siddhAMta bhI punarjanma kI siddhi kA puSTa pramANa hai| yaha AstikoM ke mastiSka kA Azcaryajanaka AviSkAra hai| punarjanma mAne binA vizva-vaicitrya kA samAdhAna saMbhava nahIM hai| dArzanikoM ne karma-siddhAMta ke anusaMdhAna se jIvana meM anake saMbhAvanAoM kA udghATana kiyA hai| hAIroklIja ne kahA "punarjanma kA siddhAMta svIkAra kiye binA Izvara ke vidhAna ko nyAyocita kahanA ucita nahIM hai| hamAre bhAgya ke nirmANa meM hamArA koI hAtha nahIM hai| saba-kucha niyati ke hAtha meM hai to bhalAI-burAI kI sabhI saMhitAeM nirarthaka haiN|" karmavAda viSamatAoM kI nyAya purassara vyAkhyA hI nahIM karatA balki hamAre vikAsa kA rAstA bhI khulA karatA hai| punarjanma Astika darzana kA AdhAra hai| isakA sambandha AtmA kI sattA aura karma-vipAka se hai| yaha siddhAMta jaina darzana kI kAyA meM prANavat vyApta hai| pratyeka karma ke liye kartA, sAdhana aura viSaya kI apekSA rahatI hai| sAdhana ho kartA na ho to karma kI siddhi nahIM hotii| manuSya yaMtra nhiiN| usameM heyopAdeya kA viveka hai| yaha kArya karanA cAhiye yA nahIM, yaha viveka dene vAlA kauna? mana ko prerita kauna karatA hai ? sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kauna karatA hai ? anAtmavAdiyoM ke pAsa inakA koI uttara nhiiN| yaha saba karma kA vaicitrya hai| .148 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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manuSya jaba zarIra tyAga karatA hai taba usake karmoM ke anusAra hI nayA janma milatA hai| AtmA vartamAna meM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki atIta meM thA, bhaviSya meM rhegaa| AcArAMga meM kahA hai-"jassa natthi purA-pacchA majjhe tattha kao siaa|" jisakA pUrva aura pazcAt nahIM usakA madhya kahAM se hogA ? AtmA kI traikAlika sattA pUrvajanma evaM punarjanma kI abhivyakti hai| AcArAMga ke AdhAra para AtmA kI nityatA siddha hai| dravya rUpa se AtmA nitya hai| paryAya rUpa meM zaizava, taruNa aura vRddha paryAyeM badalatI haiN| eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM saMkramaNa karatI haiN| AtmA kI nityatA se punarjanma, punarjanma se AtmA kI nityatA kA prazna jur3A hai| punarjanma kA mUla yahI hai, jo jaisA karma karatA hai tadanurUpa yoni meM janma prApta karatA hai| na kevala bhAratIya vicAraka apitu pAzcAtya dArzanika pleTo bhI kahatA - The soul alwage weaves her garment a new. The soul has a natural strength which will hold out and be born many times. 3791 341CHT sadA apane liye naye-naye vastra bunatI hai tathA AtmA meM eka aisI naisargika zakti hai jo dhruva rahegI aura aneka bAra janma legii|37 Adhunika yuga ke dArzanika spinojA Adi dArzanikoM kA AtmA kI zAzvatatA meM vizvAsa thaa| kANTa kA abhiprAya thA-pratyeka AtmA mUlataH zAzvata hai| grIka dArzanika pAithegorasa ke vicAroM meM mRtyu ke bAda AtmA ke astitva evaM amaratva kI kalpanA spaSTa jhalakatI hai| empiDaoNksa38 kA abhimata thA, yadi pUrvajanma hai to punarjanma bhI hai| donoM sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| zeliMga kA punarjanma meM vizvAsa thaa| lAibanItja ne pratyeka jIvita vastu ko avinAzI mAnA hai| hegala ke anusAra sabhI AtmAeM pUrNatA kI ora bar3ha rahI haiN| isI taraha arastu, sukarAta, jemsasetha mArTinyu Adi ne AtmA aura maraNottara jIvana ko apane-apane tarIke se spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| DrAivana ne likhA hai- Death has no power the immortal soul to slay, that when its present body turns to slay, seeks a fresh home, punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra

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and with unlessened might, inspires another frame with life and light. arthAt isa amara AtmA kA vadha karane kA sAmarthya mRtyu meM nahIM hai| jaba mRtyu AtmA ke vartamAna zarIra kA vadha karane calatI hai to AtmA apanI akSuNNa zakti se nayA AvAsa khoja nikAlatI hai. aura dUsare zarIra ko jIvana tathA prakAza se bhara detI hai| vicArakoM-kaviyoM kI najara meM vAlTa viTamena ne apanI kRti 'soMga oNpha mAiselpha' meM likhA hai-As to you life ? I reckon you are, the leavings of many death, no doubt I had died myself ten thousand times before, arthAt o jIvana ! tuma mere aneka avasAnoM ke avazeSa ho| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki maiM isake pUrva dasa hajAra bAra mara cukA huuN| agaNita janma aura mRtyu ke bAda yaha vartamAna, jo bhUtakAla kI upaja hai, prApta huA hai| pAzcAtya kAvya sAhitya meM punarjanma siddhAMta ke paripoSaka kucha saMketa milate haiN| maithyu, varDsavartha, ArnolDa, brAuniMga Adi kA abhimata thA ki amara AtmA kA vinAza karane kI zakti mRtyu meM nahIM hai| oNrthara zopanahara ne apanI pustaka 'Parerga and Perlipomega' pareragA aura pArsapomegA meM isakI puSTi kI hai| cetanA kI traikAlikatA aura karma pudgaloM kA anAdi saMyoga punarjanma kI pratIti detA hai| mukhyataH tIna srotoM se AsthA paripakva banatI hai| tIna srota haiM-1. pratyakSajJAnI yA dArzanika, 2. tArkika, 3. vaijnyaanik| pratyakSajJAniyoM ne anubhUta satya ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyaa| janma ke pahale bhI jIvana hotA hai, aura mRtyu ke bAda bhI jIvana kI dhArA avicchinna hai| vartamAna madhyavartI virAma hai| jisakA madhya hai usakA pUrvApara bhAva bhI nizcita hai| vartamAna jIvana janma paramparA kI madhyavartI kar3I yahI punarjanma hai| tarka ke stara para prAraMbha se Aja taka punarjanmavAda kI mAnyatA yahAM panapI, phalI-phUlI, vaise hI isakI samarekhA meM eka dhArA aura pravAhita hai jo punarjanma ko svIkAra nahIM krtii| use nAstika kahate haiN| ye dhArAeM dArzanika kSetra meM anavarata calatI rahI haiN| jo Astika-nAstika ke nAma se abhihita kI jAtI haiN| .150 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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tArkikoM kI taraha vaijJAnikoM ne bhI janmAntara ko lambe samaya taka mAnya nahIM kiyaa| kAraNa vijJAna kI pahuMca bhautika jagat taka hI hai| unake prayoga aura prazikSaNa kA kendrabindu padArtha yA pudgala hI rahA hai| jaba se vijJAna ne sUkSma jagat ke rahasyoM kI khoja meM caraNa bar3hAye, eka naI krAMti ghaTita huii| AtmA ko bhale svIkAra kiyA yA nahIM, para bhautika jagat se pare kucha abhautika tattva bhI hai| yaha vizvAsa nizcita rUpa se vaijJAnika kSetra meM panapA hai| parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa dizA meM jo prayatna kiyA hai usase dharma kA kSetra upakRta avazya huA hai| vijJAna kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho rahA hai-praamnovijnyaan| jo mAnava mastiSka kI ulajhI huI gutthiyoM ko vizleSita karane ke liye prayAsarata hai| parAmAnasika zakti indriya saMvedanoM se ananta guNAdhika sAmarthyazAlI hai| kintu mana ko niyaMtrita karake hI isa zakti ko hastagata kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya adhyAtma jagata ke mUrdhanya puruSa tathA yogiyoM ne aneka siddhiyAM prApta kI jinakA varNana purANoM-AgamoM meM paryApta saMkhyA meM upalabdha hai| rUsI vaijJAnika prophesara 'liyonida vAsilayeva' ne hipnoTijma tathA TelIpaithI ke saMyukta upayoga se yaha siddha kiyA ki hipnoTijma kI avasthA meM atIndriya zaktiyAM adhika spaSTatA se ubharatI haiN| unhoMne apane zodha niSkarSoM meM yaha nirUpaNa kiyA hai manuSya mastiSka prasAraNa kendra kI taraha kAma karate haiN| punarjanmavAda, pretavAda, taMtra vidyA, atIndriya bodha, dUraprabhAvI gatizIlatA tathA aura bhI kaI viSaya Aja parAmanovijJAna ke abhinna AyAma bana gaye haiN| parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM cetanA kI vilakSaNa kSamatAoM para zodha kArya ke dvArA Atma-sattA ke svataMtra astitva kA samarthana ho rahA hai| kahA bhI hai-'The soul that rises with us, our life's star, hath had elsewhere its setting and cones from affer.' arthAt hamAre sAtha hamAre jIvana ke nakSatra ke sAtha udIyamAna AtmA kA udbhava anyatra hai aura vaha sudUra se AI hai| parAmanovijJAna ke sAmane jvalaMta prazna hai ki yadi bhUtakAla meM jIvana kA astitva thA to vartamAna meM usakI smRti kyoM nahIM ? punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra -

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isa saMdarbha meM vicAraNIya tathya hai ki bhUtakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke vismRta ho jAne se punarjanma kA khaNDana nahIM kara sakate / smRti kA vismRta ho jAnA sahaja hai kyoMki jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA kSayopazama sabakA samAna nahIM hotA / kucha logoM kA tarka haiM, bacapana kI ghaTanAeM vRddhAvasthA meM yAda rahatI haiM to pUrvajanma kI kyoM nahIM ? isakA samAdhAna hIrendranAtha datta ne kiyA hai ki smaraNa zakti kA sambandha mastiSka hai| pUrvajanmagata mastiSka, manuSya kI mRtyu ke sAtha naSTa ho jAtA hai| taba sabako eka-sI smRti kaise rahegI ? loka vyavahAra meM dekhate haiM--eka sthAna para, eka hI dRzya ko bahuta darzaka dekhate haiM phira bhI sabakI smRti eka jaisI nahIM hotI / isa sambandha meM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA abhimata hai - Atmagata jo pUrvasaMskAra isa janma meM jAgrata hote haiM ve saMskAra hI smRti ko janma dete haiN| jahAM saMskAra ho vahAM smRti kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| kyoMki smRti se pUrva saMskAroM kA jAgaraNa Avazyaka hai| punarjanma yA dehAntara prApti hone para aneka pUrva saMskAra jAgrata ho jAte haiN| aneka viziSTa nimitta bhI una saMskAroM ko jAgrata kara dete haiN| inakI smRti hone se jAti smRti kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| maiM kauna thA ? kahAM aura kaisA thA ? 39 jaina darzanAnusAra jIva kA naye janma meM praveza aura dehatyAga yAtanA rUpa mAnA hai| usa samaya pUrvajanma kI smRtiyAM prAyaH lupta ho jAtI haiN| jaise koI bhayaMkara coTa, atibhaya, gaharA AghAta, vizeSa saMkaTa, asahya zArIrika pIr3A se behoza ho jAtA hai usa sthiti meM smRtiyAM vismRta ho jAtI haiN| manovaijJAnika vismRti ko acchA mAnate haiN| kyoMki Dhera sArI smRtiyoM kA dabAva vyakti ko pAgala banA sakatA hai| yadi usake mastiSka meM pUrvajanma ke ghaTanA citra ubharate hI raheM to vaha unameM tallIna ho jagat ke vyavahAroM se udAsIna ho jAyegA / tarka uThatA hai, kucha logoM kI mRtyu AghAta yA durghaTanA kI sthiti meM hotI hai| phira bhI naye jIvana meM unakI smRti rahatI hai, yaha kyoM ? uttara meM ise ApavAdika sthiti hI kahA jAtA hai| usa ke Arta- raudra dhyAnajanya saMskAra itane pragAr3ha hote haiM ki bhayaMkara kaSTa meM bhI smRti naSTa nahIM hotI / vaha kisI vyakti, vastu yA paristhiti kA nimitta pAkara ubuddha ho jAtI hai| DaoN. iyAna sTIveMzana eka vikhyAta parAmanovaijJAnika haiN| unakA mata hai ki jisakI mRtyu pracaNDa AvAja sunakara, AgneyAstra dekhakara, bijalI girane ke jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bhaya se, AzaMkA, abhiruci, buddhimattA, uttejanAtmaka, Avezagrasta manaHsthiti meM hotI hai unheM pichale janma kI smRti adhika spaSTa hotI hai / kintu jaise-jaise Ayu bar3hatI hai, bhAvuka saMvedanAeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| jaina AgamoM meM punarjanma kI jJapti ke tIna hetuoM kA nirdeza hai| deg svasmRti, paravyAkaraNa, anya ke pAsa zravaNa / astitvavAdI dArzanikoM ne punarjanma kI siddhi ke liye aneka yuktiyAM prastuta kI haiM - mohanIya karma kA upazama, adhyavasAna zuddhi, IhApoha, mArgaNA - gaveSaNA Adi / yahAM eka jJAtavya hai ki jAti smaraNa meM ve hI pUrvajanma dekhe jAte haiM jo 'saMjJI' ke hoN| yAnI jisa janma meM prANI manayukta rahA ho| jaina avadhAraNA meM aise saMjJI ke nau pUrvavartI janmoM kA smaraNa kara sakatA hai| jAti - smRti ke do rUpa haiM - eka svayaM ke sahaja bodha dvaaraa| dUsarA kisI viziSTa jJAna ke avadhAraka Apta puruSa dvaaraa| jaise uttarAdhyayana meM citta-saMbhUta kA varNana hai| bauddha granthoM meM bhI isase milatA-julatA ullekha hai| parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne bhI eka sAtha kaI janmoM kI saMbhAvyatA ko svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA apitu apane anveSaNoM se ise satya sAbita bhI kiyA hai| no janmoM kI smRti kA Azcaryajanaka vRttAnta upalabdha hai| dakSiNa aphrIkA ke johAnsabarga kI ghaTanA hai| eDavarva varve kI patnI kerolina phrAMsisa elijAbetha kI putrI joya varve thI / joya bAlikA parAmanovaijJAnikoM ke adhyayana kA AkarSaka kendra bana gii| joya ne apane pichale nau janmoM kI smRti kA pramANa diyA / joya ke anusAra use pUrva ke prathama janma kI bAta smRti meM thI ki DAyanAsora (prAcIna bhImakAya pazu) ne pASANakAla meM eka bAra usakA pIchA kiyA thaa| dUsare janma meM joya dAsI thii| usake svAmI ne aprasanna hokara usakA sira chedana kara diyaa| tIsare janma meM vaha dAsI ke rUpa meM nAcatI rahatI thI / cauthe janma meM roma ke eka sthAna para rahatI thii| rezamI kambala va vastra kA kArya karatI thii| pAMcaveM janma meM vaha dharmAndha mahilA thI isaliye eka dharmopadezaka ko usane patthara se mAra diyA thaa| chaThA janma iTalI ke nava jAgaraNa kAla meM huaa| usake ghara meM dIvAroM aura chatoM para bar3e-bar3e citra aMkita the| sAtavAM janma guDahopa antarIpa meM 17vIM zatAbdI meM huaa| vahAM Thigane tathA pIle raMga ke logoM meM se thI / rAjyAzraya meM calane vAle vyavasAya se usakA punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1530

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AjIvana sambandha rhaa| AThaveM janma meM vaha vikAsazIla kSetra meM jnmii| 19vIM zatAbdI thii| kalA aura kArIgarI meM gaharI ruci thii| nauMve janma meM vaha prIToriyA nagara kI eka chAtrA thii| isa bAlikA ke nau janmoM ke saMsmaraNoM se eka hI tathya parilakSita hotA hai| manuSya ke vikAsa krama meM satata dhArAvAhikatA hai| vaha pichale janmoM ke saMskAroM ke sAtha nayA jIvana prAraMbha karatA hai| yaha saba kArmaNa zarIra se sambandhita hai| karma siddhAMta aura zArIrika cihna punarjanma ke astitva kI khoja meM anurakta DaoN. sTIvensana ne ullekha kiyA-jIvana eka niraMtara calane vAlI prakriyA hai jisameM mRtyu ke bAda naI deha dhAraNa karatA hai| mRtyu ke samaya ke saMskAra evaM smRtiyAM jIvAtmA ke sAtha sthAnAntarita hote haiN| ve naye jIvana meM kabhI-kabhI sAkAra hote haiN| itanA hI nahIM zarIra para jo bhautika cihna hote haiN| ve bhI naye zarIra meM saMkramita ho jAte haiN| DaoN. sTIvensana ne anusaMdhAna ke saMdarbha meM dekhA hai ki jina logoM kI mRtyu golI lagane se huI, churI ke prahAra se yA anya kisI kAraNa se, usa samaya zarIra para jo cihna banate haiM ve agale zarIra meM yathAvata pAye jAte haiN| zarIra ke cihnoM kA sthAnAntaraNa bhI punarjanma kI saccAI prakaTa karatA hai| eka adbhuta rahasya kA udghATana hotA hai| svAmI abhedAnaMda ne punarjanma ke pakSa meM apanA abhimata abhivyakta karate hue kahA-mRtyu ke samaya apanI sArI zaktiyoM ko sameTa kara calA jAtA hai| usameM sArI anubhUtiyoM kA aMkana hotA hai tathA sUkSma zarIra ke mAdhyama se naye zarIra meM saMkramita ho jAte haiN| sUkSma zarIra kI gatividhiyoM kA adhyayana parAmanovaijJAnikoM ke liye mahattvapUrNa viSaya hai| sUkSma zarIra kI avadhAraNA se hI punarjanma meM vizvAsa kI naI kar3I jur3atI hai| sUkSma zarIra kyA hai ? mRtyu ke sAtha usakA avinAbhAvI sambandha kaise hogA ? jaina-paramparA ke pAsa ina praznoM kA uttara hai| parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne atIndriya ghaTanAoM ke mAdhyama se mRtyu ke bAda bhI jIvana kA astitva hai, isakA samarthana kiyA hai| viziSTa yoga sAdhakoM meM .154 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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atIndriya jJAna kI kSamatA hotI hai| atIndriya jJAna meM avadhi, manaHparyava, jAti-smRti Adi haiM / jisakA citta isa saMdarbha meM kendrita hotA hai, usakA sArA jIvana khula jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa manuSyoM ko bhI kabhI-kabhI isa prAtibha jJAna kI sphuraNA hotI hai| Adhunika parAmanovaijJAnikoM ne isa jJAna ko "I. esa. pI." (Extra Sensory Perception) nAma diyA hai| Aja 'da eja rigrezana' nAmaka paddhati kA AviSkAra huA hai| isa paddhati se rogI yA kisI vyakti ko sammohita kara bhUtakAla kI smRtiyAM dilAI jAtI haiN| antarASTrIya khyAtiprApta DaoN. alektajeMDara kenana ne isa para kAphI prayoga kiye haiN| usa riporTa meM isa pRthvI ke atirikta bhI jIva-sRSTi hone kA ullekha hai| kenana kA mAnanA hai ki pRthvI para kevala sthUla dehadhAriyoM kA hI astitva nahIM, sUkSma dehadhArI jIvoM kA nivAsa bhI hai| jaina darzana meM vyaMtara nikAya devoM ke astitva ko kenana kI dhAraNA se puSTi milI hai| rAlpha sarle ne apanI pustaka "punarjanma kI samasyA meM punarjanma ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| DaoN. Agema ne 'manovijJAna : eka paricaya' meM aisI ghaTanAoM kA jikra kiyA hai jo punarjanma kI gavAhI haiN| janma ke samaya bacce apane mukha ke AkRti bhAva se sukha-duHkha, viSAda Adi ko prakaTa karate haiN| yaha pUrvajanma kI smRti ke phalasvarUpa hote haiN| kyoMki sadyajAta zizu meM isa janma kI saMvedanAoM kI anubhUti hone kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| bhAratIya ciMtana ke anusAra karma punarjanma kA mUla hai| aniyaMtrita kaSAya hI punarjanma ke mUla ko abhisiMcana detI hai- "siMcati mUlAiM puNabbhavassa" yaha uttarAdhyayana kA ghoSa hai| AcArAMga kA sUkta hai- 'mAI pamAI puNarei gabhaM'mAyA aura pramAda punarjanma kA hetu hai| AcArAMga bhASya meM pUrvajanma kI smRti ke kucha kAraNoM kA nirdeza hai- adhyavasAnazuddhi, IhApoha maargnnaa| buddha ne kahA- bhikSuo! isa janma ke ekAnave janma pUrva merI zakti se eka puruSa kI hatyA huI thI usI karma ke kAraNa merA paira kAMTe se viMdha gyaa|42 suzruta saMhitA meM kahA hai-pUrvajanma meM zAstrAbhyAsa ke dvArA bhAvita antaHkaraNa vAle manuSya ko pUrvajanma kI smRti ho jAtI haipunarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra

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bhAvitaH pUrva deheSu satataM zAstra buddhyH| bhavanti sattva bhUyiSThAH pUrvajAtismarA nraaH|| garbhopaniSada meM isa prakAra kA ullekha hai- garbha meM prANI ko jaba pUrvajanma kI smRti hotI hai, taba vaha kahatA hai 'pUrva yoni sahasrANi dRSTA caiva tato myaa| AhArA vividhA bhuktA, pItA nAnA vidhaastnaaH| jAtazcaiva-mRtazcaiva janma caiva punH| yanmayA parijanasyArthe kRtaM karma shubhaashubhN| ekAkI tena dahyehaM gatAste phala bhoginH|' arthAt sahasra yoniyoM ko dekhA, vividha prakAra kA AhAra kiyA, vividha stanoM se dUdha piyaa| janmA-marA, parivAra ke liye zubhAzubha karma kiye| ve mere sAtha nahIM haiN| sAtha haiM mere karma, unakA phala maiM akelA bhoga rahA huuN| punarjanma kA siddhAMta dArzanika jagat meM sahaja pratiSThA pA rahA hai| parAmanovijJAna ke vizleSaNa aura naye-naye tathyoM ke anusaMdhAna ne saTIka pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| AcAryazrI mahAprajJa ne parAmanovijJAna kI 4 mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-1. vicAroM kA sampreSaNa, 2. pratyakSa jJAna, 3 pUrvAbhAsa, 4 atIta kA jnyaan| prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara Aja taka saMsAra ke aneka dezoM tathA vibhinna jAtiyoM meM punarjanma kA vyApaka vizvAsa jamA huA hai| barmA, cIna, jApAna, tibbata, pUrvI dvIpasamUha, laMkA, bhArata Adi dezoM meM pUrvajanma kI mAnyatA dharma kA AdhAra hai| hindU dharma meM sarvaprathama hama Rgveda meM saMketa pAte haiM, isake bAda uttaravartI sAhitya meM pracura sAmagrI upalabdha hai| jaina darzana kI taraha bauddha darzana meM bhI yoniyAM mAnI gaI haiN| jinheM buddha ne bhUmiyAM kahA hai| bhUmiyAM cAra haiM- apAyabhUmi (durgati-naraka, tiryaMca, preta, asura Adi), kAma sugata bhUmi (deva-mAnava), rUpAvacara bhUmi (viziSTa deva jAtiyAM), arUpAvacara bhuumi| bhArata kI taraha mizra aura yUnAna kI prAcIna paramparAoM meM bhI AtmA ke AvAgamana kA siddhAnta mAnya rahA hai| vartamAna yuga kevala mAnyatA kA yA .156 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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dArzanika sthApanAoM kA yuga nahIM hai| yaha vaijJAnika yuga hai| prayoga aura parIkSaNa kA yuga hai| usI siddhAMta ko yuga kI svIkRti prApta hotI hai, jo prAyogika ho / hajAroM zatAbdiyoM taka punarjanma aura pUrvajanma kA jo siddhAMta mAtra mAnyatA yA dArzanika carcA kA viSaya rahA thA, bIsavIM sadI ke uttarArddha se vaha bhI prayoga aura parIkSaNa kI aNu bhaTTI meM tapAyA jA rahA hai| vyakti, citra, sthAna, vastu Adi ke darzana yA sparzana bhI pUrvajanma ghaTanAoM kI smRti meM nimitta banate haiM / niSkarSa - parAmanovijJAna mAtra mAnavIya punarjanma ke hI kucha sAkSya upalabdha kara sakA hai| punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI hai kintu prayogazAlA ke stara para abhI avadhAraNA mAtra siddhAMta ke rUpa meM sthApita nahIM ho pAI hai| aindriya jagata kI vyAkhyA ke liye vijJAna sarvopari hai, kintu anubhUtiyoM kI atIndriya kSamatA ke bodha meM vijJAna mAnadaNDa nahIM ho sakatA / mRtyu: eka mImAMsA jIvana kA prAraMbha janma se hotA hai / anta mRtyu hai / karmAvRta cetanA ko saMsAra kI nAnA avasthAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| janma aura mRtyu kA cakra muktiparyanta calatA hai| janma ke sAtha mRtyu kI mImAMsA kara lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| mRtyu Akhira hai kyA ? mRtyu kyoM hotI hai ? usake kAraNa kyA haiM ? mRtyu ke bAda kyA ghaTita hotA hai ? inakA samAdhAna bhinna-bhinna vicAradhArAoM meM milatA hai| sukarAta ne punarjanma aura mRtyu kA viSaya kArAgAra meM apane priya mitra "sivisa" ko pramANoM se batAyA thA ki hamArI AtmA marane ke bAda avazya dUsare loka meM jAtI hai| manuSya hI nahIM, jitanI utpannadharmA vastueM haiM unakA virodha pakSa bhI avazya hai / jo vastueM bar3I hotI haiM pUrvAvasthA meM ve choTI avazya rahI haiN| dhUpa hai to chAyA bhI hai| isI prakAra AzleSa- vizleSa, garamI - sardI, nidrA - jAgRti / virodhI dharma ke asvIkAra se pakSa siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| usI prakAra mRtyu kA janma vipakSI hai| janma kA vipakSa mRtyu / maharSi ramaNa ne gRha tyAga ke pahale mRtyu ke svarUpa kA pratyakSa anubhava kiyaa| eka dina ve cAcA ke ghara kI chata para the| unheM lagA, mRtyu A rahI hai para punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1570

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mRtyu zarIra kI hotI hai yA isameM rahane vAle cetana 'ahaM' kI? ve chata para uttAna leTa gye| pUrNa zithilIkaraNa kara diyaa| draSTA bana kara dekhate rahe ki mRtyu zarIra ko mAra sakatI hai| AtmA avinazvara hai| ise jalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| AtmA bhinna hai, zarIra bhinna hai| uttara mImAMsA43 meM kahA hai- "hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM aura zabda pramANa se bhI yahI vidita hotA hai ki mRtyu nikaTa Ane para, vANI mana meM sthita ho jAtI hai| vyakti meM bolane kI zakti nahIM rahatI parantu usakA mana kAma karatA hai| isake bAda mana prANa meM sthita ho jAtA hai| usa samaya mana kAma nahIM karatA kintu jIvana kriyA cAlU rahatI hai| prANI sAMsa letA hai| usakA hRdaya tathA anya aMga kAma karate haiN| phira prANa bhI sthira ho jAtA hai| jIvana-kriyA bhI antataH samApta ho jAtI hai|" Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi meM vaijJAnikoM kI dharaNA meM hRdaya kI dhar3akana baMda ho jAnA, sAMsoM kA ruka jAnA, zArIrika uSNatA kA samApta honA hI mRtyu hai| kozikAoM kI TUTa-phUTa honA bhI mRtyu kA eka kAraNa hai| kintu vartamAna jIvana-vijJAna isase sahamata nhiiN| mRtyu kA artha mastakIya vidyuttaraMgoM kA sthagita honA kahA hai| hRdaya meM khUna kA daurA baMda huA ki mastiSka ko rakta milanA baMda ho jAtA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa mastiSka kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai| mRtyu ho jAtI hai| yaha 'klInikala Detha' kahalAtI haiN| mRtyu jIvana kA aTUTa satya hai| jIvana kI anivAryatA hai| mRtyu ko samajhe binA jIvana kI paribhASA nahIM samajhI jaatii| nadI ke pravAha kI taraha jIvana kA pravAha hai| usake do taTa haiM- eka janma, dUsarA mRtyu| do janmoM ke bIca mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| bhAgavata meM mRtyu ko pUrNa vismRti- 'mRtyuratyanta vismRtiH' (11,22,38) ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM mRtyu kA vyavasthita tathA kramabaddha vivaraNa hai| bhagavatI 4 meM mRtyu ke do prakAra haiM-bAla maraNa, paMDita mrnn| bAla maraNa ke bAraha prakAra haiMvalaya, vazAta, antaHzalya, tadbhava, giripatana, tarupatana, jalapraveza, agnipraveza, viSabhakSaNa, zAstrAvapATana, vaihAyasa, gRddhpRsstth| samavAyAMga meM maraNa ke 17 prakAroM kA ullekha hai-avicimaraNa, avidhimaraNa, AtyantikamaraNa, valayamaraNa, vazArtamaraNa, aMtaHzalyamaraNa, .158 - - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bhakta-pratyAkhyAnamaraNa, bAlamaraNa, bAla tadbhavamaraNa, gRddhapRSTha maraNa, paMDitamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa, chadmasthamaraNa, kevalImaraNa, vaihAyasamaraNa, iMginImaraNa, prAyopagamanamaraNa / mUlArAdhanA meM bhI kucha nAmAntara se maraNa ke 17 prakAra batalAye haiM, unakA vistAra vijayodayA vRtti meM milatA hai| ThANaM meM 14 aura nizItha meM 20 prakAra kA nAmollekha hai| saMkhyA aura krama meM bheda vivakSA sApekSa hai| mRtyu ke mUla do prakAra haiM - avIcimaraNa evaM prAyogikamaraNa / zeSa saba prAyogikamaraNa ke antargata samAhita ho jAte haiN| paMDitamaraNa 46 do prakAra kA hai- prAyopagamana, bhakta pratyAkhyAna / prAyopagamana47- cAra AhAra ke tyAgapUrvaka vRkSa se kaTI huI DAlI kI taraha sthira avasthA ko kahate haiN| bhakta pratyAkhyAna' 48 - trividha yA caturvidha AhAra ke tyAgapUrvaka maraNa kA nAma hai| uttarAdhyayana" meM, akAma sakAmamaraNa kI bhI carcA hai / bAlamaraNa yA akAlamaraNa donoM ekArthaka haiN| bAla yAnI ajJAnI / usakA maraNa akAmamaraNa hai| sakAmamaraNa, jise paMDitamaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| paMDita kA artha hai, jnyaanii| paMDitamaraNa yAnI jJAniyoM kI mRtyu / jJAnI svecchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa karate haiN| unakA dehAdhyAsa nahIM rahatA / kucha loga aisI mithyA dhAraNA ko pAlate haiM ki samAdhi mRtyu aura AtmahatyA donoM eka hI haiM / kAraNa unhoMne samAdhi mRtyu ke rahasya ko samajhA nahIM / samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA donoM bAhara meM samAna pratIta hote hue bhI lakSya, uddezya, pariNAma aura phala kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A aMtara hai / AtmahatyA meM deha kA vinAza hotA hai| saMthAre meM sambandha - - viccheda hotA hai| AtmahatyA daNDanIya aparAdha hai| saMthArA dehAtIta, indriyAtIta avasthA hai| AtmahatyA meM Aveza, moha, asaphalatA, bhaya, nirAzA, kuNThA Adi kAraNa hote haiN| paMDitamaraNa kI prakriyA isase bhinna hai| usameM na Aveza hai na moha aadi| isaliye donoM ke aMtara ko spaSTa samajhe binA mithyA dhAraNA nirmUla nahIM hotii| hindU dharma koza meM DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya ne mRtyu ke 101 prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inameM prAkRtika mRtyu to eka hI prakAra kI hai, anya sau prakAra kI kRtrima mRtyu hotI hai / jaba sapta dhAtuoM se nirmita zarIra meM avasthita punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 1590

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jIvakoza kA pUrNakSaya ho jAtA hai, taba prANI kI prAkRtika mRtyu kahalAtI hai| kRtrima mRtyu kA artha hai-AtmahatyA, sarpadaMza, hatyA, durghaTanA Adi bAhya kAraNoM se hone vAlI mRtyu| __ jaina darzana meM mRtyu kA kAraNa oja AhAra kI samApti hai| oja kA artha hai jIvana dhAraNa karane vAlI paudgalika shkti| prANI jaba garbha meM AtA hai, usase pahale kSaNa meM vIrya aura zukra rUpa jina pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha oja AhAra kahalAtA hai| oja AhAra hI samUce jIvana kA AdhAra hai| zarIra, indriyoM kA nirmANa, bhASA kA sAmarthya, mana kI zakti kA udaya-ye saba kramazaH oja AhAra ke bAda kI niSpattiyAM haiN| jaina sAhitya meM inheM paryAptiyAM kahA jAtA hai| prANI ke jIvana kI saMpUrNa racanA aura kriyAeM inhIM para nirbhara hai| phira bhI inameM saMvedana nahIM hai| inakA saMcAlana karane vAlA dUsarA tattva hai jise prANa kahate haiN| prANa eka jIvanI zakti hai| prANa saMvedanazIla hotA hai| apanI abhivyakti ke liye paryAptiyoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA rakhatA hai| paryApti aura prANa meM kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| paryApti kAraNa hai| prANa kArya hai| prANa daza haiN| oja AhAra aura AyuSya prANa kA samApta honA hI prANoM kI mRtyu hai| jaba taka ye samApta nahIM hote vahAM taka phephar3e, hRdaya yA mastiSka apanA kAma baMda bhI kara de, phira bhI prANI jIvita raha sakatA hai| ar3atAlIsa ghaMTe taka zvAsa aura hRdaya kI gati baMda rahakara bhI mAnava jiMde pAye gaye haiN| kevala zvAsocchrAsa kA rukanA nahIM, mRtyu hai oja AhAra kI smaapti| mRtyu vizvavyApI rahasya hai| mRtyu jIvana kA aMta nahIM, eka par3Ava hai| paTAkSepa hai| AtmA kA rUpAntaraNa hai| mRtyu kA rahasya mAnava ke liye sabase bar3I cunautI hai| vijJAna bhI isa rahasya ko udghATita nahIM kara sktaa| yaha ciraMtana satya hai| liMga zarIra caitanya kA adhiSThAna hai| pAMca jJAnendriya, pAMca karmendriya, pAMca prANa, mana, buddhi ina tattvoM se yukta jIva punarjanma ke liye prasthAna karatA hai| zarIra kA grahaNa, janma aura zarIra kA visarjana mRtyu hai| prANoM kA saMyoga janma, viyoga mRtyu hai| pratyeka dharma-darzana meM mRtyu sambandhI aneka kalpanAeM haiN| mRtyu ke bAda bhI jIvana samApta nahIM ho jaataa| lAipha AphTara lAipha (Life after life)deg meM .1600 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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remaNDa muNDI ne siddha kiyA hai ki mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI jIvana kI avasthiti rahatI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAna aura mRtyu yUropIya vidvAna sara volTara skATa ne apanI DAyarI meM likhA hai-'jaba maiM bhojana kara rahA thA to mujhe vicAra huA ki maiM saMsAra meM pahale bhI A cukA huuN|' itihAsavettA heroToTsa kahatA hai- AtmA ajanmA hai| san 1982 meM iMglaiMDa meM vidvAnoM kI eka samiti kA gaThana huaa| jisakA nAma thA 'briTiza sosAiTI phaoNra sAikikala risrc|' isameM kevala briTena hI nahIM, balki yUropa ke bhI pragatizIla dezoM ke vidvAnoM aura vaijJAnikoM kA sahayoga aura saMparka thaa| isa samiti ne kAphI anusaMdhAna ke bAda do vijJAnoM ko janma diyaa| sAikikala risarca (AdhyAtmika anusaMdhAna) aura perAsAikolaoNjI (parAmanovijJAna) donoM vidhAoM meM manuSya kA svarUpa aura usakI adbhuta zaktiyAM, mRtyu, mRtyu ke bAda jIvana, paraloka, punarjanma Adi viSayoM para gaharI anveSaNA kI hai| Aja ina viSayoM para iMgliza tathA anya pAzcAtya bhASAoM meM vizAla sAhitya prakAzita hai| unhoMne kahA-manuSya ke pAsa aneka mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyAM haiN| jaise-divya dRSTi, atIndriya pratyakSa (Entra-Sensory Perception) manaHpratyaya jJAna (Telepathy) dUrakriyA (Telepinesis) pracchanna saMvedana (Cryptesthesia) pUrvabodha (Premonition) aadi| kucha zaMkAeM sAmane AtI haiM, mRtyu ke bAda kyA hogA? mRtyu ke parade ke usa pAra na jAne kyA hai ? kaisA hai ? usa rahasyamaya avaguNThana ko kisane kholA hai? anizcatatA ke usa mahAsAgara meM DubakI lagAne para kahAM ThikAnA lagegA ? kauna jAnatA hai ? maraNoparAMta jIva kahAM jAtA hai ? ina viSayoM kA jJAna pratyakSa aura anumAna-donoM hI pramANoM se hara vyakti ke liye saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu anAdikAla se manuSya kI jijJAsA saceSTa rahI hai| isa para zodha aura anusaMdhAna cAlU hai| parAmanovijJAna ke kSetra meM cetanA kI vilakSaNa kSamatAoM para zodha kArya ke dvArA AtmA ke astitva kA samarthana ho rahA hai| jIvana kI prakriyA bhItara se bAhara kI ora hai| vRkSa ke kaI rUpa haiN| eka vRkSa bIja meM nihita hai, jo bAhara dikhAI de rahA hai| vaha bIja kI adRzya kSamatAoM kA abhivyaktikaraNa hai| TahaniyAM banatI haiN| phailatI haiN| patte jhar3ate haiN| punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra 161.

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Rtu parivartana se phira naye pallava prasphuTita hote haiN| kintu bAhya avasthAoM kI saMpUrNa kAlAvadhi meM bhI vRkSa kA Abhyantara rUpa satat vahI rahatA hai| isa prakAra AtmA kI vividha dazAoM meM bhI AtmA kA astitva yathArtha hai| AtmA amara hai| mRtyu usakA vadha nahIM kara sktii| mRtyu jaba AtI hai, vartamAna zarIra para apanA paMjA phailAne lagatI hai| taba AtmA apanI akSuNNa zakti se nayA AvAsa khoja letI hai| prAcIna yUnAnI vicAraka pAithogorasa, sukarAta, pleTo, plUTArka, plATInasa Adi ke vicAroM meM bhI hameM punarjanma ke siddhAMta para AsthA kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| anya dArzanikoM, lekhakoM, kaviyoM meM spinojA, rUso, zainiMga, imarsana, DrAivana, vaIsavartha, zailI aura brAuniMga Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM jo punarjanma meM vizvAsa karate the| zarIra kI nazvaratA evaM proToplAjmA kI amaratA ko vaijJAnika jagat meM svIkRti mila cukI hai| unake anusAra yaha zarIra kozikAoM dvArA nirmita hai| pratyeka kozikA meM proToplAjma nAmaka tarala evaM cikanA padArtha hotA hai| proToplAjmA dvArA bhItara kI dUSita havA kA niSkAsana aura tAjI havA kA bhItara Agamana hotA hai| proToplAjma kaNoM meM nyUklIyasa nAmaka anya padArtha hai jo mAnava zarIra ko jIvana zakti pradAna karatA hai| nyUklIyasa kSINa hotA hai to proToplAjma ke kaNa bhI kSINa hone laga jAte haiN| mRtyu ke bAda proToplAjmA zarIra se alaga ho vAyumaMDala meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai| vahAM se vanaspati meM pahuMcatA hai| phala-phUla, anAja Adi ke dvArA bhojana se saMyukta hokara manuSya ke zarIra meM calA jAtA hai| phira jIna meM parivartita ho nae zizu ke sAtha punaH janma letA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra ise sUkSma zarIra kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| sUkSma zarIrayukta AtmA kA hI punarjanma hai| vijJAna ne aneka prayogoM ke pazcAt yaha nirNaya kiyA hai ki mRtyu hone para bhI koI aisA sUkSma tattva raha jAtA hai jo icchAnusAra punaH kisI zarIra meM praveza kara eka naye zarIra kA nirmANa karatA hai| proToplAjmA kI avadhAraNA se AtmA kI amaratA evaM punarjanma donoM tathya spaSTa ho jAte haiN| proToplAjmA kA kaNa smRti paTala para jAgrata ho jAtA hai| taba bacce ko apane pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAeM yAda Ane lagatI haiN| jaina darzana bhI kahatA hai pUrvajanma kI smRti sUkSma zarIra meM saMcita rahatI hai, nimitta pAkara jAgrata ho jAtI hai| .162 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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landana ke prasiddha DaoN. Dablyu je. killara ne apanI pustaka 'da hyumana eTamosphIyara' meM aneka prayogoM kA varNana kiyA hai| ve prayoga maraNAnta marIjoM kI jAMca ke samaya kiye the| unakA niSkarSa yaha hai-'mAnava deha meM eka prakAza puJja hai| usakA astitva mRtyu ke bAda yathAvat rahatA hai|' aba taka AtmA ke saMdarbha meM vijJAna dvArA svIkRta mahattvapUrNa tathya1. pUrvajanma hai, punarjanma hai| 2. proToplAjmA hI AtmA hai vaha naSTa nahIM hotaa| 3. bhautika zarIra ke bhItara koI adRzya zakti hai| sukarAta ne kahA- mRtyu svapnarahita nidrA hai aura punarjanma jAgrata loka ke darzana kA dvAra hai| jaina paramparA meM janma-mRtyu, karma-punarjanma sambandhI avadhAraNAeM zarIra, kaSAya, yoga evaM lezyA se jur3I huI haiN| jinake kAraNa bhavAntara kA krama niraMtara cAlU hai| zarIra hai to punarjanma hai| punarjanma kA mUla karma hai| zarIra se AtmA kI vibhakti hI punarjanma kI prakriyA kA nirodha hai| jaba taka sthUla aura sUkSma donoM zarIroM kA astitva hai vahAM taka cAroM gatiyoM kA astitva bhI surakSita hai| lezyA aura punarjanma jIva marakara naraka Adi gatiyoM meM kyoM jAtA hai ? kAraNa kyA hai ? kAraNa mImAMsA kareM to lezyA bhI usameM eka ghaTaka hai| lezyA-siddhAMta jIva kI utpatti tirvaca gati se hI jur3A huA nahIM, mRtyu ke sAtha bhI usakA gaharA sambandha tA manuSya gati naraka gati jIva mRtyu ke samaya jisa lezyA ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, mRtyu ke bAda vaisI hI lezyA meM jAkara utpanna hotA hai| yA yoM kaheM ki jIva ko jisa yoni meM jAnA hai| maraNa kAla meM vaisI hI lezyA prApta ho jAtI hai| punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra

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eka yoni se marakara yA udvartana kara jIva jaba anya yoni meM jAtA hai taba gantavya sthAna taka pahuMcane meM kama se kama eka samaya, adhika se adhika cAra samaya kA kAlamAna hai| utane samaya bhI salezI hotA hai| aMtarAla gati meM dravya lezyA ke naye pudgaloM kA grahaNa nahIM hotA kintu mRtyu yA cyavana ke samaya jo lezyA hotI hai usI ke pudgala sAtha rahate haiM / maraNa kAla meM hone vAlI lezyA kI vividha pariNati kI apekSA se bAlamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa kI vivikSA hai / lezyA janmAntara kA kAraNa hai| AtmA aura karma ko jor3ane meM lezyA setu ke rUpa meM kAma karatI hai / pUjyapAda" ne kaSAyoM ke udaya se anuraMjita mana-vacana-kAyA kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahA hai| jisake dvArA 2 jIva karmoM se lipta hotA hai usakA nAma lezyA hai| jIva aura lezyA kA sanAtana sambandha hai / lezyA kA abhivacana haiadhyavasAya'3, antaHkaraNa vRtti, prakAza, sukha55, ujiyAlA, varNa aadi| ye artha sUcaka paryAya haiN| lezyA ke do prakAra haiM- dravya-bhAva / zarIra kA varNa aura ANavika AbhA ko dravya lezyA kahA jAtA hai| yaha paudgalika paryAvaraNa hai| vicAra bhAva lezyA hai| kaSAya6 se yukta yoga kI pravRtti bhAva lezyA hai| gompaTasAra" meM mohanIya karma ke udaya, kSayopazama, upazama kSaya se utpanna jIva spaMdana (adhyavasAya) ko bhAva lezyA mAnA hai| dravya lezyA ke 6 vibhAga haiM- kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejo, padma, zukla / chaha lezyAoM meM prathama tIna gaMdha kI apekSA durgaMdhayukta, rasa meM amanojJa, sparza se zIta-rukSa, varNa se avizuddha hai| zeSa tIna sugaMdha, manojJa uSNasnigdha, vizuddha haiN| prathama trika ko aprazasta aura zeSa trika ko prazasta kahA jAtA hai| prazasta-aprazasta lezyAoM se jIva kI mAnasika sthiti tathA AcaraNa kaisA hotA hai isakA suvyavasthita citraNa uttarAdhyayana ke cautIsaveM adhyAya se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kRSNa Adi lezyAoM ke jaise pudgala hote haiM tadanurUpa mAnasika sthiti nirmita ho jAtI hai| mAnasika sthiti kA paudgalika lezyAoM para prabhAva par3atA hai| aura ve lezyAeM mAnasika avasthA ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| kaSAya kI maMdatA se adhyavasAya kI zuddhi aura adhyavasAya zuddhi lezyA zuddhi kA kAraNa hai| *1640 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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zyAoM ke nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra varNa (Colour) hai| hiMsA karane vAle kRSNavarNI paramANuoM ko AkRSTa karate haiM krodhI vyakti lAla raMga ke paramANuoM ko| rasa, gaMdha, sparza kA bhI prabhAva hotA hai / kintu varNa kA prabhAva vizeSa hai| uttarAdhyayana meM lezyA ke sambandha meM 11 prakAra se cintana kiyA gayA hai - nAma, varNa gaMdha, rasa, sparza, pariNAma, lakSaNa, sthAna, sthiti, gati evaM Ayu Adi / lezyA kI zuddhi hone para jAti - smRti jJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jisa lezyA meM mRtyu hotI hai usI meM jnm| janma - - punarjanma kA sambandha varNa ke sAtha hai| jaina darzana kI taraha jainetara darzana meM bhI lezyA ke tulya varNana dekhane ko milatA hai| dIghanikAya meM chaha abhijAtiyoM kA ullekha hai 1. kRSNAbhijAti-krUrakarmI jIvoM kA smuuh| 2. nIlAbhijAti-bauddha zramaNa tathA kriyAvAdI - karmavAdI bhikSuoM kA samUha / 3. lohitAbhijAti - eka zATaka nirgranthoM kA samUha / 4. haridrAbhijAti - zvetavastradhArI yA nirvastra logoM kA varga / 5. zuklAbhijAti - AjIvaka zramaNa - zramaNI varga / 6. parama zuklAbhijAti -AjIvaka AcArya, sAMskRtya maskarI, gozAlaka prabhRti kA smuuh| tathAgata buddha ne karma evaM jAti ke AdhAra para abhijAtiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pUraNa kAzyaya" ne abhijAtiyoM meM raMgoM ko AdhAra banAyA hai| prastuta vargIkaraNa meM mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika duzcaraNa ko kRSNakarma evaM sucaraNa ko zuklakarma kahA hai| isa vargIkaraNa kA sambandha samUha se hai| jaina darzana kI lezyAoM kA sambandha vyakti se hai| mahAbhArata61 meM isa prakAra prANiyoM ke varNa chaha prakAra ke mAne haiM 1. 2. dhUmra kRSNa 3. 8. 5. 6. nIla hAridra rakta zukla punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra sabase kama sukha unase adhika sukhI madhyama sukhI sukhI sukha-duHkha sahane yogya parama sukhI 1650

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pAtaMjala yoga darzana62 meM karma kI cAra jAtiyAM batalAI haiM-1. kRSNa 2. zukla-kRSNa, 3. zukla, 4. ashukl-akRssnn| ye kramazaH azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha, zuddhatara haiN| bhAvoM ke AdhAra para gati kA nirmANa hotA hai| jaina darzana meM varNita lezyA, pUrvajanma, punarjanma, janmAntara Adi se sambandhita hai| lezyA sthUla-sUkSma zarIra kA saMparka sUtra hai| lezyA aura AbhAmaMDala hRdaya kI dhar3akana, nAr3I kA spaMdana ruka jAne se aura mastiSka kI kozikAeM niSkriya ho jAne se prANI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| yaha vaijJAnika dhAraNA hai| Adhunika vicAradhArA meM AbhAmaMDala kSINa hue binA mRtyu nahIM hotii| jaina darzana ke anusAra AbhAmaMDala kA niyAmaka tattva lezyA hai| sUkSma zarIra se nikalane vAlI vikiraNeM raMgIna hotI haiN| raMgoM ke AdhAra para AbhAmaMDala kI guNAtmakatA evaM prabhAvakatA jAnI jAtI hai| jagat ke sabhI jIvoM ke pIche vidyut paramANuoM kA buniyAdI pravAha hai, kintu AbhAmaMDala sabakA eka samAna nahIM hotaa| isakA kAraNa cintana evaM svabhAva kI bhinnatA hai| bhAva lezyA pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI hai vaise hI AbhAmaMDala rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| vyakti kI bhAvadhArA ke anurUpa AbhAmaMDala meM varNa kA sthAnAntaraNa ho jAtA hai| . jaba paudhoM kI mRtyu hotI hai taba unase vidyut zakti kA tejI se prakSepaNa hotA hai| vijJAna ne siddha kiyA, paudhoM meM bhI sUkSma zarIra, kAraNa zarIra aura tejomaMDala rahatA hai| dravya lezyA ke AdhAra para bAharI vyaktvi evaM bhAva lezyA se AMtarika vyaktitva banatA hai| gati nirdhAraNa kA mukhya ghaTaka bhI lezyA hai| adhyavasAyoM kI prazastatA evaM aprazastatA se lezyA ko gati-niyAmaka mAnane ke liye paryApta pramANa haiN| cAroM gatiyoM meM pratyeka jIva salezI hai| gItA63 meM kahA-acche karma karane vAloM kI isa loka-paraloka meM durgati nahIM hotI hai| puNya64 kSINa hone para svargaloka se punaH martyaloka meM A jAte haiN| sakAma karma karane vAloM kA AvAgamana baMda nahI hotaa| zubha-azubha karma ke sAtha lezyA kA gaharA anubaMdha hai| lezyA saMpratyaya antaHkaraNa kI sahI sUcanA kA mAnaka hai| azubha se zubha lezyA kI ora .166 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anazIlana

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prasthAna Atma-vikAsa kA paricAyaka hai| lezyA jyoM-jyoM zuddha banatI hai, zubha yogoM meM pariNata hotI hai| kaSAya kI maMdatA hone para karmAgama kA dvAra baMda ho jAtA hai| purAne karmoM kA nirjaraNa hotA hai| lezyA kI azuddhatA janma-maraNa kI hetu hai| isase punarjanma kA cakra rukatA nhiiN| pAramArthika dRSTi se AtmA sadA avikArI hai, usameM vikAsa kI koI prakriyA nhiiN| vaha bandhana-mukti, vikAsa aura patana se nirapekSa hai| kintu jaina cintana meM vyavahAra kA bhI utanA hI mahattva hai jitanA paramArtha kaa| samasta AcAra darzana hI vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai| AtmA ke vikAsa kI prakriyAeM bhI vyavahAra naya kI paTarI para calatI haiN| nizcaya naya se AtmA amara hai| avinAzI hai| vyavahAra naya se karmayukta AtmA janma-punarjanma karatI hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. sUtra kRtAMga, 1 / 2 / 6 / 2. AcArAMga, sU. 2 pR. 1 / 3. tIrthaMkara cAritra, lekhaka muni sumeramalajI (lADanUM) 4. pramukha smRtiyoM kA adhyayana pR. 56 / 57 / 5. vaidika vicAradhArA kA vaijJAnika AdhAra, pR. 335/ 6. pramukha smRtiyoM kA adhyayana pR. 54 / 7. zvetAzvatara u. 5 / 10 / 8. yoga bhASya, 2,13 / 9. vanaparva 183 / 77 / AyuSAnte prahAyedaM, kSINa prAyaM klevrm| saMbhavatyeva yugapadyonau nAstyantarA bhvH| 10. raghuvaMza 14 / 15 / 11. dIghanikAya 2 / 3 / 12. sarvArthasiddhi 2 / 25 pR. 183 / 13. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA pR . 291 / 14. bhAratIya darzana (DaoN. devarAja) pR. 412 / 15. punarjanma evaM krama vikAsa, pR . 37| 16. vizva dharma darzana pR. 275/ The Key of Knowledge pR. 714 / punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra .167.

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17. jJAtA, 1 / 14 / 72 / 18. jJAtA, 1 / 1 / 156 / 163 / 190 / 19. vahI, 1 / 1 / 186 / 20. vahI, 1 / 13 / 32 / 43 / 21. vahI, 1 / 8 / 10 / 22. vahI, 1 / 16 / 31 / 32 / 123 / 23. vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra 21 / 24 u. 8 sU. 18 / 24. vahI, sU. 19 / 20 / 21 / 25. (ka) Rgveda 10 / 57 / 5), 1 / 1641, 30 / 31 / 32 / 37), (kha) yajurveda 36 / 39 / 26. (ka) kaThopaniSada 1 / 2 / 6 / , (kha) muNDakopaniSad 1 / 2 / 9-10 / (ga) vRha. u. 6 / 2 / 8 / , 4 / 4 / 3-4 / 27. manusmRti 12 / 40), 12 / 549 / 28. gItA, 8 / 15-16 / 4 / 5 / 29. dravya saMgraha TIkA, gA. 42 / 30. hIrendranAtha datta, karmavAda aura janmAntara pR. 196 / 99 / 31. paramAtma prakAza 171 / 32. nyAya darzana 4 / 1 / 10 / 33. parIkSAmukha, 35 34. bhagavatI, za. 15 pR. 2388 / 2398 35. Doctrine of the Jaines pR. 141 / 36. vahI, pR. 141 37. vahI, pR. 141 / 38. vahI, pR. 141 / 39. nyAya darzana 2 / 4 / 1 / 40. AcArAMga a. u. sU. 2 / 3 / 41. vijJAna evaM adhyAtma pa.. 32 / 33 / 42. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA, ika zavanavatI kalpe zaktyA me puruSohataH / tena karma vipAkena pAdoviddho'smi bhikssvH| .168 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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43. darzana saMgraha (uttara mImAMsA) pa. 229 / 44. bhagavatI 2 / 1 / 90 / 45. samavAyAga, samavAya 17 sUtra 9 / 46. bhagavatI, 2 / 1 / 90 / 47. samavAyAMga, samavAya, 17/ 48. bhagavatI 2 / 1 / 90 49. uttarAdhyayana a. 5-2 pR. 196 / 50. Life after life 10 / 11 / 51. sarvArtha siddhi 2 / 6 / 52. lezyAkoza pR. 26 // 53. abhidhAna rAjendra khaMDa 6 pR. 674 / 54. saMskRta zabdArtha kaustubha pR. 967 55. bhagavatI za. 14 / 9 / 56. sarvArtha siddhi 2 / 6 / 159 / 11 / 57. gommaTa sAra 560 / 931 / 58. uttarAdhyayana a.34|1-3| 59. lezyAkoza pR. 256 / 60. lezyAkoza pR. 256 / 61. mahAbhArata (zAMti parva) pR. 288 / 33 / 62. yoga darzana pAda sUtra 7/ 63. gItA, 6 / 40 64. gItA, 9/21 // punarjanma : avadhAraNA aura AdhAra

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OGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGC90 SaSTama adhyAya vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa CGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGOI DUGU GUJIUUUUUUUUUUUUUUURIPIDUGIO * kAla vibhAga ke pariprekSya meM jaivika vikAsa * jaina darzana meM jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA * jaivika vikAsa * bhAratIya paramparA meM mana * pAzcAtya cintana meM mana kI avadhAraNA * naitika vikAsa * bhAratIya darzana meM naitika mAnyatAeM * AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama * cetanA ke vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAeM * mohanIya karma, usakA pariNAma * anya paramparAoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa BUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUGO (c)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(c)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r)(r))

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vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa vikAsavAda eka darzana hai| isakA paryAyavAcI zabda hai ivolyuzana (Theory of Evolution) / vikAsa kA yuga hai| sarvatra vikAsa kI gUMja sunAI de rahI hai| samAja meM, takanIkI meM, anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meN| rIti-rivAjoM meM, pRthvI kI sataha, sauramaMDala meM / isa vikAsa yA parivartana ke pIche kaunasI zakti kama kara rahI hai ? parivartana kaise hotA hai ? inake samAdhAna meM gaharA ciMtana hI Adhunika vikAsavAda kI AdhArazilA hai / parivartana mAnava aura prakRti kI svAbhAvika prakriyA hai / vicAra, vastu aura vidhAna kabhI eka jaise nahIM rhte| ArohaNa-avarohaNa, utthAna-patana kA koI ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA / parivartana kI gAr3I utpAda aura vyaya ke pahiyoM para gatizIla hai| paramANu meM ilekTraoNna evaM proTaoNna apanI dhurI para niraMtara ghUma rahe haiN| padArtha mAtra parivartanadharmA hai / brahmANDa eka anavarata pravAha hai| jisameM ghaTanAoM kI aMtahIna zrRMkhalA hai| parivartana vizva vyavasthA kA eka aMga hai / sarvatra saMkramaNa, parivartana evaM vibhedIkaraNa hI dikhAI detA hai| parivartana vizvavyavasthA kA eka aMga hai, anyathA vyavasthA ghaTita nahIM ho sktii| samasta parivartanoM, pariNamanoM, kriyAoM aura ghaTanAoM kA sahakArI kAraNa hai - kAla / kAla ke nimitta se padArtha meM pratikSaNa nava-nirmANa evaM dhvaMsa hotA rahatA hai / Adhunika vijJAna bhI kAla ke sambandha meM ina tathyoM se sahamata hai / kAla vibhAga pariprekSya meM jaivika vikAsa kAla kI apekSA se jaba vaizvika paryAvaraNa meM sAmUhika parivartana hotA hai to isa kAlagata parivartana ko jaina darzana meM krama hAsavAda yA krama vikAsavAda ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai / prAkRtika sArvabhauma parivartana jaMbudvIpa ke antargata bharata kSetra evaM airAvata kSetra meM anavarata gatimAna hai| kramika vikAsa ko utsarpaNa aura hAsa ko avasarpaNa kahate haiN| utsarpaNa aura avasarpaNa donoM kA saMyukta 20 kor3Akor3I sAgarapramANa varSoM kA eka kAlacakra hotA hai| isake kula 12 parva hote haiN| avasarpaNa ke vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1730

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6 aura utsarpaNa 6 parva haiN| jaise ghar3I hotI hai| usake 12 aMka haiN| kAMTA 1 se 6 taka nIce utaratA hai / 6 se bAraha taka vApasa Upara jAtA hai| yaha krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai| isI prakAra utsarpaNa ke 6 parva kramazaH 1 *174 2 3 duSama duSamA duSama duSama suSamA avasarpaNa ke 6 parva kramazaH 1. 2 3 4 3 4 5 kAla cakra 1 1 2 utsarpaNa arthAt sAMpa kI pUMcha se muMha kI tarapha Age bar3hate haiM / avasarpaNa muMha se pUMcha kI ora utarate haiM ise Descending era kahate haiM / 5 6 / 6 2 suSama suSamA suSamA suSama duSamA suSama duSamA suSamA suSama duSamA duSama suSamA duSama duSama suSamA 3 4 5 da 5 4 * jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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kAla cakra kA kAlamAna : utsarpaNa avasarpaNa 1. 21000 varSa 1. 4 kor3A-kor3I sAgara 2. 21000 varSa 2. 3 kor3A-kor3I sAgara 3. 42 hajAra varSa kama 3. 2 kor3A-kor3I sAgara ___eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara 4. do kor3A-kor3I sAgara 4. 42 hajAra varSa kama eka kor3A-kor3I sAgara 5. 3 kor3A-kor3I sAgara 5. 21000 varSa 6. 4 kor3A-kor3I sAgara 6. 21000 varSa kroDa ko kroDa se guNAkAra karane para kor3A-kor3I kahA jAtA hai| jaina AgamakAroM ne dravya kI zakti, sRSTi-parivartana kA krama aura kAlamAna kAla (Time) AkAza (Space) Adi ke sambandha meM apane atIndriya jJAna dvArA nirapekSa satya (Obsolute Truth) prastuta kiyaa| vijJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM ne bhI anusaMdhAna ke AdhAra para bhinnabhinna mantavyoM ko abhivyakti dii| unameM sarvamAnya thyorI biga benga (Big Bang Theory) hai| mi. kArla sega dvArA nirmita 'kaoNsmika kalenDara' jo I. sa. 1979 meM prakAzita huaa| kArla sega ne sabase bar3e dhar3Ake se pralaya kAla taka 12 mAsa arthAta 365 dinoM kA vibhAga kiyA hai| usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| bar3A visphoTa 1 janavarI AkAza gaMgA kA udbhava 1 maI sUrya kA udbhava 9 sitambara pRthvI kI utpatti 14 sitambara pRthvI para jIvana kI zuruAta 25 sitambara sUkSma jIvoM ke liMga kI zuruAta 1 navambara jIva koSodbhava 15 navambara pRthvI para 'prANavAyu' maya vAtAvaraNa 1 disambara vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa

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jaMtuoM kI utpatti 16 disambara machaliyoM kA janma 19 disambara pakSiyoM kA janma 27 disambara manuSya kI utpatti 31 disambara cArlsa DArvina dvArA likhita 'orijina oNpha spesIsa' meM diye cArTa ke anusAra kaoNsmolojikala nimna prakAra hai| dharatI meM visphoTa karIba 5 araba varSa pUrva jIvana kI zuruAta aura karIba 3.5 araba varSa pUrva bekTIriyA kI utpatti oNksIjana kA nirmANa karIba 1.7 araba varSa puurv| bahukozIya prANI Adi kA sRjana 70 karor3a varSa pUrva jaMtuoM kI utpatti 38 karor3a varSa pUrva sastana prANiyoM (Mammals) kI utpatti karIba 21 karor3a varSa puurv| DAinosora kA prabhutva karIba 13 karor3a varSa puurv| Adi mAnava kI utpatti karIba 1 karor3a varSa puurv| __ upara jo kAlamAna kA varNana hai| jainAgama ke anusAra avasarpiNI kAla jaisA hI hai| prathama Are kA nAma suSama-suSamA aura usakA kAlamAna cAra kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama pramANa hai| arthAta 4.0x1014 sAgaropama aura eka sAgaropama arthAta dasa kor3A-kor3I palyopama athavA 101 plyopm| saMkSipta meM prathama suSama-suSamA ArA kA kAlamAna 4.0x1029 palyopama jitane varSa hote haiN| eka palyopama meM jitane varSa hote haiM unheM AMkar3oM meM vyAkhyAyita karanA asaMbhava hai isaliye zAstrakAroM ne asaMkhyAta varSa kaha kara samajhAyA hai| dUsare Are kA nAma suSama hai usake varSoM kI saMkhyA 3.0x1029 hai| tIsare kA suSama-duSama hai usakI varSa saMkhyA 241029 palyopama hai| cauthA duSama-suSamA kA kAlamAna 42 hajAra varSa kama 141029 palyopama vrss| duSama nAmaka pAMcaveM Are kI sthiti 21,000 varSa, chaThe kI bhI 21,000 .. hajAra varSa hai| isake viparIta utsarpiNI kA samaya hai| donoM ko milAkara 2.0x1030 palyopama jitanA kAla AtA hai| .1768 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jainetara grantha manusmRti aura usake TIkAkAroM ne jIvana kAla ko satayuga tretAyuga, dvAparayuga aura kaliyuga aise cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai tathA unakA kAlamAna bhI nirdhArita hai| Adhunika vijJAna kI utpatti, vikAsa aura vinAza, pAMcaveM Are kI samApti aura chaThe Are kI zuruAta, vAtAvaraNa pradUSita, sUrya se alTrAvAyoleTa kiraNoM kA sIdhA dharatI para AnA, manuSya tathA prANiyoM kA bhUgarbha meM rahanA, vanaspati kA nAza honA, jIvana kI atyaMta vikaTa pristhiti| DArvina ke utkrAMtikAla kA Adi bindu aura jaina kAlacakra ke avasarpiNI vibhAga kA Adi bindu prathama ArA kI shuruaat| pRthvI kA prathama ArA nirmANakAla, dUsarA ArA jIvana kI utpatti, tIsarA ArA vAtAvaraNa meM oNksIjana kA nirmANa, cauthe Are kA udbhava / kaoNsmika kalenDara meM eka hI vibhAga hai| use utkrAMti kAla kahA hai| mAnava samAja kI bauddhika, bhautika, vaijJAnika paristhiti ke AdhAra para utkrAMti kAla nAma diyA hai| jaina kAlacakra ke do vibhAga haiN-utsrpnnavsrpnn| vartamAna kAlakhaMDa avasarpaNa kA eka bhAga hai| avasarpiNI (HypoSerpantine Ere) meM jaivika parivartana hI nahIM hotA apitu bhautika padArthoM meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza, saMsthAna, sukha Adi kA kramazaH hrAsa hotA hai| ___ mahApurANa meM jaba bAhubala, vaibhava, manuSya, zarIra, dharmajJAna, gAMbhIrya, dhairya bar3hate haiM vaha samaya utsarpaNa kAla kahalAtA hai| kAla parivartana se vikAsa krama meM bhI kahAM taka parivartana evaM kitane stara taka hotA hai| Agama sAhitya, purANa sAhitya, kucha TIkAoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| AiMsTIna ke cakrIya vizva siddhAMta kI carcA meM vizva ko nirmANa aura dhvaMsa ke ananta cakroM meM se gujaranA hotA hai| cakrIya vizva-siddhAMta aura utsarpiNI-avasarpiNI ke siddhAMta meM adhikatama sAmaMjasya rahatA hai| jIvoM kA kramika vikAsa jaina darzana meM jIvoM kI prAthamika avasthA 'avyavahAra rAzi' hai| jise jIvoM kA akSaya koSa kahA jAtA hai| vRhatsaMgrahaNI meM kahA hai golA ya asaMkhijjA, assaMkha nigoao havai golo|| ekkekammi nigoe, aNaMta jIvA munneyvvaa|| 301 / / vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 177.

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V== ) == E == El= AEE ||==== MEEEEEma EEEEEEN E = == = = = ==|||| VIII== A IM arthAt saMpUrNa loka meM asaMkhya gole haiN| asaMkhya-asaMkhya goloM kA eka samavAya nigoda kahalAtA hai| eka-eka gole meM ananta-ananta jIvoM kA astitva hai| ise anAdi nigoda bhI kahate haiN| isa rAzi meM koI vibhAga nhiiN| choTe-bar3e kA vyavahAra nahIM isaliye ise avyavahAra rAzi kahA jAtA hai| __digambara paramparA meM nitya nigoda zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| avyavahAra rAzi aisA mahAsAgara hai| jisakA kahIM chora najara nahIM aataa| avyavahAra rAzi se nikalA huA jIva vibhAga ke kSetra meM A jAne se vyavahAra rAzi jIva kahA jAtA hai| avyavahAra rAzi jIvoM meM cetanA kI eka kiraNa mAtra hI anAvRta hotI hai, unake pAsa ciMtana, bhASA, kalpanA, smRti kA koI sAdhana nhiiN| mAtra sparza bodha avazya hai| sahaastitva kA eka udAharaNa hai| una jIvoM kI zvAsaniHzvAsa, janma-maraNa Adi sabhI kriyAeM eka sAtha aura samAna rUpa se hotI haiN| eka jIva maratA hai to sAtha rahane vAle ananta jIvoM kA bhI maraNa ho jAtA hai| utpatti bhI sAtha hotI hai| eka nigoda zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kA pariNamana kaise hotA hai ? yaha prazna sahaja ho sakatA hai| isakA samAdhAna eka udAharaNa se diyA jA sakatA hai| jaise-agni meM pratapta lohe kA golA sampUrNa agnimaya bana jAtA hai| vaise hI eka zarIra meM ananta jIvoM kA pariNamana saMbhava hai| nigoda ke jIva sUkSma aura bAdara do prakAra ke hote haiN| sUkSma saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta hai| bAdara nigoda ke jIva bhI itane sUkSma haiM ki carma cakSuoM se dekhe nahIM jaate| ina jIvoM kI avagAhanA dhanAMgula ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga yA usase bhI sUkSma hotI hai| __ AvAgamana kA pravAha inameM niraMtara calatA rahatA hai| eka muhUrta meM 65536 bAra janma-maraNa kara lete haiN| yaha patA lagAnA kaThina hai ki kaba purAne jIvoM kA cyavana hotA hai aura kaba naye jIvoM kI utptti| inakA AkAra Ayata, catusra aura gola hotA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI sUkSma jIvoM ko svIkRta kiyA hai| unake tIna prakAra haiM-1. jIvANu (Bacteria), 2. viSANu (Virous), 3. mAikoplAjmA .178. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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(Mico Plasma)| jIvANu ekakozIya sUkSma jIva hai| golAkAra, daNDAkAra yA spAyarala aise bhinna-bhinna AkAra haiN| viSama aura pratikUla sthitiyoM meM bhI ye jIvita raha sakate haiN| sAmAnyataH ye eka sAtha aura eka-dUsare se jur3e rahate haiN| jIvANuoM kA AkAra 0,1 se 5 mAikrona taka hotA hai| eka mAikrona kA mApa eka milImITara ke hajAraveM hisse ke barAbara hai| golAkara jIvANu kA vyAsa 0,1-5 mAikrona tathA daNDAkAra jIvANu kI lambAI 0,5-10 mAikrona taka ho sakatI hai| ye jIvANu atyanta nimnatApa (190 DigrI selsiyama) uccatApa (7885deg selsiyama) ko bhI saha lete haiN| inameM zvasana kriyA hotI hai| kArbana-DAIAksAiDa se jIvANu apanA bhojana-jala svayaM banA lete haiN| viSANu-baikTiriyA se AkAra meM choTe hote haiN| inakI apanI kozikA nahIM hotI isaliye kisI anya kozikA meM praveza kara prajanana karate haiN| svataMtra rUpa se ye viSANu akriya rahate haiM kyoMki inakA apanA koI cayApacaya taMtra bhI nahIM hai| ___ jaba ye apanA nyuklika amla paripoSI kozikA meM antaHkSepaNa karate haiM to kriyAzIla hokara usa kozikA kI cayApacaya kriyA para niyaMtraNa kara lete haiN| viSANu suI yA DaMDe ke AkAra ke, AyatAkAra, golAkAra, bahubhujIya, catuSkoNa ke samAna hote haiN| vAyarasa kA AkAra angasTrAma ( Adeg) ikAI se mApA jAtA hai| eka aMgasTrAma 1 / 1000 mAikrona ke barAbara hotA hai| kisI bhI paripoSI kozikA meM apratyakSa rUpa se viSANu lambe samaya taka raha sakate haiN| ___mAikoplAjmA-mAikoplAjmA kA zarIra atisUkSma aura inakI kozikA kI lambAI jIvANu kozikA ke dasaveM bhAga ke barAbara tathA vyAsa 0,5 mAikrona se bhI kama hai| Aja taka kI vaijJAnika khoja meM ye sabase choTe AkAra ke, ati saMracanA vAle haiM jo anukUla vAtAvaraNa meM svataMtra rUpa se jIvita raha sakate haiN| sUkSma jIvoM ke bAre meM uparokta vaijJAnika avadhAraNA ko dekhate haiM, to nigodIya jIvoM ke sambandha meM hone vAlI AzaMkAeM nirasta ho jAtI haiN| lagatA hai, vijJAna jaina siddhAMtoM ke nikaTa pahuMca rahA hai| nigoda aura vaijJAnika sUkSma jIvoM kI tulanA kareM to kAphI tathyoM meM samAnatAeM dikhAI de rahI haiN| jaisevikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 179.

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1. nigoda ke jIva eka zvAsocchvAsa meM 17 bAra janma-maraNa karate haiN| yAnI itanI tIvra gati se janma aura vRddhi hotI hai| nayA purAnA jIva kaunasA, patA hI nahIM calatA / Adhunika baikTiriyA evaM vAyarasa bhI aise hI paidA hote haiM / 2. nigoda ke jIva samurcchima haiN| vijJAna ke anusAra baikTiriyA Adi bhI alaiMgika prajanana karate haiN| 3. nigoda ke jIva ananta haiM, Adhunika sUkSma jIva bhI ananta haiN| 4. nigoda ke jIvoM kI taraha sUkSma jIvoM kA bhI AkAra hai / 5. nigoda ke jIva ekendriya haiM, sUkSma jIva bhI ekendriya hone kA saMketa hai| nigoda ke jIvoM ke janma-maraNa kA kAla atyalpa hai| vaisA sUkSma jIvoM ke bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA ki eka muhUrta meM kitane janma-maraNa karate haiM / prazna hai, ina jIvoM ke vikAsa kI prakriyA kyA hai? kaise hotA hai ? samAdhAna kI bhASA meM, avyavahAra rAzi se vyavahAra rAzi meM praveza hI vikAsa kA prathama caraNa hai| yaha kAlalabdhi sApekSa hai / vikAsa kI jitanI bhI dizAeM udghATita hotI haiM unameM kAla, niyati, svabhAva, puruSArtha evaM karma-pAMcoM kA samanvita anudAna hai| vikAsa meM kAlalabdhi ko pramukhatA deM to parivartana meM bhI kAla se niyaMtrita vyavasthA hai| pUrI sRSTi isa vaizvika niyama (Universal Law) se saMcAlita hai| jar3a-cetana kI pratyeka avasthA vikAsa hai / khagola, bhUgola, itihAsa, arthazAstra, mAnasazAstra, samAjazAstra, brahmANDIya anusaMdhAna Adi samasta jJAna - vijJAna kI vyAkhyA se vikAsavAda kA dAyarA vistAra pAtA gayA / Aja vikAsavAda kI avadhAraNA mukhyataH laimArka, DAravina, airesmasa, vaphana ke adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna para TikI hai| cArlsa DAravina ne jaivika vikAsa kI sthApanA kara pAzcAtya ciMtana ke kSetra meM eka halacala khar3I kara dI / yaha siddhAMta lokapriya banA, kAraNa navInatA lie huA thaa| vikAsavAda kA udbhava prAcIna grIka dArzanika DemokreTsa, erisToTala Adi se mAnA jAtA hai| DemokreTsa ke abhimata se vizva kA vikAsa jar3a tattva jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana *1800

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yAnI paramANuoM se huA hai| paramANuoM kA vibhinna sAMyogika sahayoga vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| arastu ne jIvoM ke itihAsa, jIvoM ke prajanana tathA vargIkaraNa aura jIvana sAraNI ko apanI lekhanI kA viSaya bnaayaa| usane apane sAhitya se siddha kiyA ki vikAsa Akasmika yA kisI devatA kA varadAna nahIM, kintu parivartana padArtha kI AMtarika tathA naisargika prakriyA hai| jaina darzana meM jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA jaina darzana pariNAmI nityavAdI hai| padArtha meM parivartana avazyaMbhAvI hai usameM upAdAna aura nimitta donoM yogabhUta haiN| upAdAna kAraNa svayaM dravya hai| kAla sahAyaka kAraNa hai| padArtha ko ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya mAnane se hrAsa-vikAsa kI saMgati nahIM baitthtii| pariNAmI nityavAda meM hAsa-vikAsa kI prakriyA kA samIkaraNa hai| jIva-vikAsa ke cAra staMbha haiN| cAroM kA samanvita rUpa hI saMpUrNa vikAsa kI vyAkhyA hai1. jaivika vikAsa 2. mAnasika vikAsa 3. naitika vikAsa 4. AdhyAtmika vikAsa parivartana aura vikAsa sApekSa haiM, nirapekSa nhiiN| jaivika vikAsa kA svarUpa aura usake yathArtha ciMtana meM jaina darzana kI vaijJAnika paddhati hai| parivartanazIlatA meM kucha padArtha prakRtijanya haiM jinakA parivartana nahIM hotaa| ve zAzvata rUpa haiM / ThANAMga sUtra meM unakA nAmanirdeza hai 1. jIva kA ajIva meM, ajIva kA jIva meM rUpAnataraNa nahIM hotaa| 2. paramANu kA vibhAjana nahIM hotA, vaha avibhAjya hai| 3. lokAMta ke Age gamana nahIM hotaa| 4. sat kA sarvathA vinAza aura asat kA sarvathA utpAda nahIM hotaa| 5. padArtha mAtra pariNamanazIla hai| jaivika vikAsa jaiva vikAsa kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM jAtimUlaka na hokara vyakti mUlaka hai| prANI mAtra apanI AMtarika yogyatA yA nimittabhUta sahAyaka sAdhanoM ke sahayoga se vikAsa yA hrAsa kI ora Age bar3hatA hai| kramika vikAsavAda jaina darzana ko mAnya nhiiN| vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 181.

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DAravina kI vicAradhArA isase bhinna hai| usane zArIrika parivartana ke AdhAra para krama vikAsavAda ko pratiSThita kiyaa| zarIra parivartana ke sAtha varNa, saMhanana, saMsthAna bheda tathA lambAI-caur3AI, sUkSma-sthUla Adi hote haiN| unameM deza, kAla evaM paristhiti bhI nimittabhUta hai| utpatti sthAna evaM kula-koTi kI bhinnatA se jo vividhatA hai use vikAsavAdiyoM ne jAti kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai-jIva jisa jAti meM janma letA hai usa jAti meM prApta guNoM kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai| jAti ke vibhAjaka niyamoM kA atikramaNa nahIM hotaa| jaise ekendriya meM 4 paryApti aura 4 prANa hote haiN| tIna ajJAna haiN| do indriya vAle jIvoM meM paryApti 5, prANa 6 aura upayoga 5 ho jAte haiN| inheM badalA nahIM jA sakatA, ekendriya kA dvIndriya meM, aura dvIndriya kA ekendriya meN| eka dRSTi se ye zAzvata guNAMkana krAyaTeriyA (Criteria) hai| isa AdhAra para yonibheda se zArIrika bhinnatA ho sakatI hai| kintu jAtigata bhinnatA nhiiN| indriyoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha uttarottara prANa, paryApti, veda, liMga Adi kA vikAsa hotA hai| jIva-vikAsa kA siddhAMta prANI jagat meM vibhinna jAtiyAM haiN| vikAsavAda ke anusAra sRSTi ke Adi meM manuSya jAti nahIM thii| prazna hotA hai, manuSya kA vikAsa kaise huA ? DAravina aura laimArka isakA samAdhAna tIna niyamoM se karate haiN| 1. astitva saMgharSa (Struggle for existance) 2. Akasmika bheda (The Principle of chance variation) 3. vaMza-siddhAMta (The Principle of Heredity) astitva saMgharSa-apanA astitva TikAne ke liye jo saMgharSa hotA hai usameM zaktizAlI prANI vijayI aura zaktihIna pichar3a jAte haiN| DAravina ke abhimata se astitva kA saMgharSa prAraMbha se zurU ho jAtA hai| jIvana ke saMgharSa meM vahI prANI jIvita aura bacA rahatA hai jo kSamatA kI dRSTi se sabase zreSTha hotA hai| jo jyAdA zaktizAlI aura buddhimAna hai vaha durbala ko naSTa kara detA hai tathA svayaM jIvita rahatA hai| jaise bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko nirastitva kara detI hai| .182 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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Akasmika bheda -- jisameM prANa sattA hai aise jIvoM meM bheda (Variation) Akasmika hote haiM / vaMza - siddhAMta - astitva - saMgharSa ke liye jo madada milatI hai vaha pIr3hIdara-pIr3hI saMkrAMta hotI jAtI hai| jaivika vikAsa krama meM DAravina kA Akasmika parivartana evaM prAkRtika cunAva laimArka kA prayojanamUlaka parivartana kI kalpanA, vAijame jantuvIya parivartana kA saMkramaNa siddhAMta prasthApita huA / kA jaivika vikAsa kI paramparA meM aneka siddhAMta pratipAdita hue / isI saMdarbha meM manovizleSaNa, AnuvaMzikI jaisI svastha ciMtana dhArA kA vikAsa huaa| jaivika vikAsa krama meM jIva vaijJAnikoM ne sthUla se sUkSma kI ora bar3hane, jIva kozikA se kozikA nAbhi, nAbhi se DI. ena. e. (DAI auksorivonyuklika esiDa) se vaMza sUtra, vaMza sUtroM se jInsa kI yAtrA saMpanna kii| vikAsavAda ke pramANa vizva ke pratyeka kSetra meM spaSTa hai| jIva kI deha - racanA tarala padArtha se prAraMbha hokara tarala Thosa banatA hai, asthi, majjA Adi aMgoM evaM indriyoM kI utpatti hotI hai / yaha vikAsa kA hI krama hai| bhUgarbhazAstriyoM ke abhimata se pRthvI kA vikAsa bhI aneka avasthAoM se gujarane ke bAda huA hai| rasAyanazAstrI ke anusAra sUkSma-paramANuoM ke kSetra meM vikAsajanya parivartana hotA hai| isa prakAra vikAsavAda ke pramANabhUta vidhAnoM se nizcita hai ki jIva aura jagata ke sabhI kSetroM meM vikAsa kA sAmrAjya hai| mAnasika vikAsa -- jisa jIva ke mana hotA hai, vahIM mAnasika vikAsa saMbhava hai| vikAsa yAtrA kA sarvocca par3Ava hai paMcendriya jAti / paMcendriya ke bhI do vibhAga haiM - asaMjJI paMcendriya', saMjJI paMcendriya / asaMjJI jIvoM ke mana nahIM hotA isaliye zikSA upadeza grahaNa kI kSamatA unameM nahIM hotii| unakI cetanA itanI prabuddha nahIM hai| saMjJI meM nairayika, deva, garbhaja manuSya tiryaJca sabhI samAviSTa haiM, kintu mAnasika vikAsa inameM bhI eka jaisA nahIM rahatA / kAphI nyUnAdhikatA rahatI hai| vikAsonmukha saMjJI jIvoM meM mastiSka evaM mana kI upalabdhi hai / para mana kA viziSTa vikAsa manuSya meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| amanaska kA samanaskatA kI ora prasthAna krAMtikArI parivartana hai / cetanA ke vikAsa meM mana kA prathama sthAna hai| isake AdhAra para cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa saMbhAvita hai| mana eka Abhyantara indriya hai| ise no indriya bhI kahate haiM / indriya sadRza hone para indriya nahIM hai| vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1830

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___ mana ke liye AgamoM meM do zabda pramukha haiM-no indriya evaM anindriy| indriyoM ke viSaya niyata haiN| ve vartamAna grAhI haiM tathA mUrta dravya ke vartamAna paryAya ko hI jAnatI hai kintu mana traikAlika rUpa ko jAnatA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM mana ___ vaizeSika (vai.sU. 7/1/23) naiyAyika (nyA.sU.3/2/61) pUrva mImAMsaka (prakaraNa pa.pR. 151) mana ko paramANu rUpa tathA nitya kAraNarahita svIkAra karate haiN| sAMkhya-yoga tathA vedAnta usakI utpatti prAkRtika ahaMkAra tattva se yA avidyA se mAnate haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya meM sabase prAcIna haiM ved| vedoM meM mana ko zarIra ke bAhya aMgoM se alaga sthAna diyA gayA hai| Ayurveda meM anya dravyoM ke samAna mana ko bhI mahAbhUtotpanna mAnA hai| mana ko aNurUpa tathA jJAnendriyoM evaM karmendriyoM kA pravartaka kahA hai| gItA ke anusAra saMpUrNa naitika darzana manovijJAna ke dharAtala para avasthita hai| maharSi araviMda ne mAnasika cetanA ke Urdhva rUpa ko atimAnasa kI saMjJA jo mAnasika ArohaNa kA mahattvapUrNa kadama hai| yoga vaziSTha meM AtmA kI saMkalpa zakti kA nAma mana hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM mana na to aNu hai, na vyApaka balki madhyama parimANa vAlA hai| mana kA kArya hai- ciMtana krnaa| ciMtana trikAlavartI hai| indriyoM kI gati sirpha padArtha taka hai| mana kI gati padArtha aura indriya donoM taka hai| IhA, avAya, smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna Adi mAnasika ciMtana ke vividha pahalU haiN| bhAratIya manovijJAna meM mana, aMtaHkaraNa, buddhi, citta, karma Adi ke pArasparika sambandhoM ke atirikta unakI vizleSaNAtmaka carcA milatI hai| jJAna, bhAvanA, icchA aura mAnasika vyApAra kA sAdhana mana hI hai| pAzcAtya ciMtana meM mana kI avadhAraNA pAzcAtya ciMtana paramparA meM mana ke viSaya meM vizeSa rUpa se tArkika aura .184 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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bauddhika stara para ciMtana huA hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna ke anusAra mana koI vizeSa aMga yA indriya nahIM kintu vRttiyoM, jJAna evaM nirNayoM Adi ke samUha kA nAma hai| manasa eka kriyA hai / 12 bhautikavAdI mana kI koI svataMtra sattA mAnya nahIM krte| unake abhimata se mAnava-deha kI racanA hI aisI hai ki uddIpaka (Stimulus) ke upasthita hone para anukriyA (Response) apane Apa ho jAtI hai / uddIpana kriyA tathA anukriyA kA saMcAlana taMtrikA taMtra (Nervous system) se hotA hai| bAharI jJAna ko bhItara mastiSka taka le jAne vAlI saMvedana taMtrikAeM (Sensory Nerves) kahalAtI haiN| vApasa saMdeza le Ane vAlI taMtrikAeM preraka taMtrikAeM (Moter Nerves) haiN| ye sArI kriyAeM mastiSka se sambandhita haiM, mana se nahIM / mana bhI bhautika hai| bhautikavAdI logoM ke vicAra se jo kucha ghaTita hotA hai vaha pahale zarIra meN| mana usakA anubhava karatA hai / mana sirpha zarIra meM kriyA-kalApa kI noTa letA hai / usakA saMcAlana nahIM karatA / ataH bhautikavAdI bhI mana ke svarUpa kA svastha ciMtana de nahIM sake / yadi taMtrikA taMtra dvArA zarIra kI saMcAlana kriyA mAna leM to bhI samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM mila sktaa| mastiSka kI kriyA kevala yAtAyAta kI kriyA hai / saMdeza AtA hai| vApasa Adeza prasArita kara diyA jAtA hai kintu mastiSka meM cunAva (Choice) kI kSamatA nahIM hai / .13 adhyAtmavAdI mana ko abhautika tattva mAnate haiM jo zarIra ke kAryAlaya meM baiThakara usakI gatividhi kA niyaMtraNa karatA hai / mana do prakAra kA hai - dravya mana, bhAva mana / dravya mana, aMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya kA pariNAma hai| bhAvamana vIryAntarAya karma kA kSayopazama hai| bhAvamana jJAna rUpa hai| mAnasika kriyAeM isI meM ghaTita hotI haiM / bhAvamana 14 kA astitva prANI mAtra hai kintu dravyamana ke abhAva meM vaha jJAta nahIM hotA / dravyamana ajIva hai| bhAvamana jIva hai / dravyamana paudgalika hone se zarIravyApI hai / indriya jJAna ke sAtha mana kA sAhacarya hai| yaha bhI zarIravyApItva kA pramANa hai| kyoMki sparza indriya zarIravyApI hai| use apane jJAna meM mana kA sahayoga lenA par3atA hai| yoga paramparA meM isakA saMvAdI pramANa hai-yatra pavanastatra manaH / jahAM pavana hai, vahAM mana hai / pavana pUre zarIra meM hai, mana bhI zarIravyApI hai| vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1850

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paMcAdhyAyI" meM dravyamana kA sthAna hRdaya kamala meM ghanAMgula ke asaMkhyAta bhAga pramANa mAtra hai / dravyamana, bhAvamana kA sahayogI hai| jaivika vikAsa yA vikAsa krama meM mAnasika vikAsa yAtrA sabase vikasita ikAI hai| mana aura mastiSka donoM hI zaktiyAM mAnava meM nihita haiN| jIvAtmA inake dvArA vastuniSTha jagat se AtmaniSTha jagat meM praveza pA sakatA hai| naitika vikAsa naitika vikAsa kA prAraMbha viveka kSamatA para nirbhara hai| viveka kSamatA (Rational mind) naitika pragati kI pahalI zarta hai| breDale ne bhI kahA - pratyeka karma ke aneka pakSa hote haiN| aneka dRSTikoNa haiM / isaliye ekAnta rUpa se kisI ko naitika athavA anaitika kahA nahIM jaataa| vizva meM aisA koI kArya nahIM jise kisI eka dhAraNA se zubha yA azubha ThaharAyA jA ske| ataH naitika vikAsa ke liye zubhAzubha viveka Avazyaka hai| naitika guNoM se vyaktitva kA vikAsa saMbhava hai| - vikAsavAdI mAnyatA meM jaivika, bauddhika, mAnasika vikAsa krama ke sAtha jIva ke naitika vikAsa kA stara bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| astitva bodha ke AdhAra para hI naitika cetanA kA vikAsa saMbhava hai| manuSya apanI aMtaHprajJA se heyopAdeya kA jisa prakAra ciMtana karatA hai, vaisA pazu jagat meM nahIM / pazu ke pAsa na to koI aMtaHprajJA hai, na kartRtva kA jnyaan| isaliye vaha naitika bodha yA naitika nirNaya karane meM sakSama nahIM hai| naitika vikAsa ke liye yathArtha sattA kA avabodha apekSita hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kA aMcala aneka nItiyoM ke tAne-bAne se bunA gayA hai| kAraNa naitika Adarza pUrNa vikAsa kA sahagAmI hai / bhAratIya darzana meM naitika mAnyatAeM bhAratIya nIti darzana meM AtmA kI amaratA, punarjanma kA siddhAnta, karma siddhAMta evaM karma karane kI svataMtratA Adi ko naitikatA ke AdhArabhUta tattva mAne haiN| bandhana, usake kAraNa tathA baMdhana se mukti, mukti ke upAya bhI isI ke antargata haiN| pAzcAtya darzana meM kANTa ne naitikatA kI tIna maulika dhAraNAoM ko sthApita kiyA-AtmA kI amaratA, saMkalpasvAtaMtrya aura Izvara kA astitva / 01860 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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nyAya darzana ke anusAra zubha-azubha AcaraNa se zubhAzubha karmoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| upaniSad aura bauddha darzana meM bhI naitika mUlyoM kA samarthana sAMkhya, vedAnta, yoga Adi darzanoM meM naitika vikAsa ke liye bhinna-bhinna staroM para guNoM kA pratipAdana hai| vaizeSika ke abhimata se kartavya sArvabhauma hai jo anivArya hai| ahiMsA, satya, zraddhA, mana kI zuddhatA ke rUpa meM kartavyoM kA ullekha hai| sUtroM-smRtiyoM, dharmazAstroM meM kartavya-akartavya kI vizada carcA hai| paMcataMtra Adi saMskRta sAhitya meM naitikatA sambandhI pracura tathya prApya haiN| kANTa kA kathana hai-tumheM yaha karanA cAhiye kyoki tuma kara sakate ho| arastu, spensara, alekjenDara kA bhI isa dizA meM ciMtana rahA hai| pleTo aura arastu se lekara lemANTa tathA samakAlIna vicArakoM meM vAranara phiTe, sI.vI. garneTa, isrAila levina prabhRti vicAraka mAnavIya guNoM ke vikAsa meM naitikatA ke pratyaya ko mahattva dete haiN| AcArAMga sUtra meM sAdhaka ke liye aneka naitika Adeza hai| 'uTThie No pamAyae'-uTho pramAda mata kro| 'appamatto parivvae'-apramatta rho| 'allINa gutto parivvae'-indriyoM kA nigraha karanA cAhiye aadi| cAhiye meM kara sakane kI svataMtratA nihita hai| saMkalpa kI svataMtratA na ho to naitika Adeza aura naitika Adarza donoM arthazUnya bana jAte haiM aura vyakti ko dharma-adharma, puNya-pApa, ucita-anucita Adi ke liye uttaradAyI nahIM ThaharA skte| saMkalpa kI svataMtratA se hI vaha apane karmoM ke liye jimmedAra hai| bhAratIya naitika ciMtana kevala naitika siddhAntoM kA vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana hI nahIM, vyAvahArika naitika jIvana se sambandhita hai| bhAratIya vicArakoM ne naitikatA ke pratimAna evaM naitika pratyayoM kI saiddhAntika samIkSA itanI nahIM kI jitanI pazcimI dArzanikoM ne| kucha logoM kA mana bhrAnta hai ki bhAratIya naitika ciMtana meM kevala AcAraniyamoM kA pratipAdana hai| naitika samasyAoM para koI ciMtana nahIM huaa| yaha dhAraNA AdhArazUnya hai| aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna bhAratIya ciMtana ne diyA hai jo usakI maulika pratibhA kI abhivyakti hai| vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa .187.

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bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya ciMtana, donoM meM aMtara itanA hI hai, bhAratIyoM kA paramazreya nirvANa yA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI prApti hai| pAzcAtya vicAradhArA meM paramazreya vyakti evaM samAja kA bhautika abhyudaya hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArA vyaktiparaka rahI hai evaM pAzcAtya vicAradhArA samAjaparaka hai| kintu gaharAI se ciMtana kiyA jAye to pazcima meM braiDale Adi kucha AdhyAtmika vicArakoM ne naitika sAdhya ke rUpa meM jisa Atma pUrNatA evaM Atma sAkSAtkAra ke siddhAMta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya AdhyAtmika dRSTi se adhika nikaTa hai| isI prakAra bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne bhI jIvana ke bhautika pakSa kI pUrI taraha se avahelanA nahIM kI hai kintu nirvANalakSI adhika hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva ke naitika vikAsa kI prAthamika zarta haiyathArtha bodha, yathArtha jJAna evaM yathArtha aacrnn| tInoM kA samanvaya naitika vikAsa kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| jaina dArzanika zaMkara ke samAna na jJAna se mukti mAnate haiM, na rAmAnuja Adi kI taraha kevala bhakti ko| mImAMsA darzana kI taraha karma se bhI mukti nahIM mAnate kintu tInoM kA samanvita rUpa hI mokSa kA hetu hai| pAzcAtya paramparA meM tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha hote haiM-1 svayaM ko jAno (Know Thyself) 2 svayaM ko svIkAra karo (Accept Thyself) 3 svayaM hI bana jAo (Be Thyself) / tInoM naitika Adeza jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke samakakSa hI haiN| jaina nIti kA udghoSa hai-svayaM ko jaano| upaniSadoM meM nIti kA mahattvaapane Apa ko pahacAno ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai| yathArtha tattva bodha naitika vikAsa kI nIMva hai| yathArtha dRSTikoNa se jIvana kA vyavahAra evaM sAdhanApakSa samyak ho sakatA hai| samyak darzana AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA prANa hai| jaina AcAra paramparA meM naitika vikAsa ke mAnadaNDa svarUpa do varga haiM-zramaNa varga aura zrAvaka vrg| ___ zrAvaka zabda meM prayukta tIna akSaroM kI vivecanA isa prakAra hai-zra-zraddhA, va-viveka, ka-kriyA arthAt jo zraddhA aura viveka se yukta AcaraNa karatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai| jaina AgamoM meM kevala gRhastha ke liye zrAvaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vahAM bauddha darzana meM gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM prakAra ke sAdhakoM ke liye zrAvaka zabda kA prayoga hai| .188 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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sAdhanA ke staroM para gRhastha kI bhUmikA viratAvirata kI hai| unake jIvana meM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM kA samanvaya hai / pApa pravRtti se kucha nivRtti aura kucha anivRtti honA hI viratAvirata avasthA hai| jaina darzana nivRttiparaka hai| lekina gRhastha jIvana meM samagra rUpa se nivRtta ho jAnA hara vyakti ke liye sulabha nahIM hai| ataH nivRtti kI dizA meM bar3hane ke liye vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA AviSkAra huA hai jinase vyakti kramazaH apanA naitika vikAsa karatA huA sAdhanA ke carama utkarSa ko prApta kara ske| sAdhanA ke vikAsa krama meM zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA sundara citraNa hai| naitika vikAsa ke ina sopAnoM para ArohaNa karane vAlA zrAvaka eka dina vikAsa ke carama zikhara para hotA hai jahAM naitika vikAsa ke utkarSa kI samatala bhUmi milatI hai| dUsare varga meM zramaNa hai| jaina aura bauddha paramparA meM zramaNa jIvana ko pradhAna mAnA hai| vaidika dharma meM gRhastha jIvana kA vizeSa mahattva hai| bAda meM zramaNa paramparA ke prabhAva se usameM bhI zramaNa jIvana ko samucita sthAna mila gayA / zramaNa jIvana kA tAtparya zramaNa zabda kI vyAkhyA se hI spaSTa ho jAtA hai / prAkRta meM zramaNa kA 'samaNa' rUpa hai| saMskRta meM samaNa ke tIna rUpAntara hai - zramaNa, samana, zamana / 1. zramaNa - zrama dhAtu se niSpanna hai| isakA artha hai- jo vyakti apane Atma-vikAsa ke liye parizrama karatA hai / 2 samana - zabda ke mUla meM sam hai jisakA artha hai samatva bhaav| jo sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna samajhatA hai aura anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai / 3 zamana- zabda kA artha hai apanI vRttiyoM ko zAMta rakhanA / vastutaH zramaNa zabda kA mUla tAtparya samatvabhAva kI sAdhanA hI hai / mahAvIra ne kahA- kevala muNDita hone se zramaNa nahIM hotA / samatva kI sAdhanA karane vAlA zramaNa hotA hai| 17 zramaNa kA jIvana eka uccastarIya naitikatA evaM AtmasaMyama kA jIvana hai| zramaNa saMsthA meM praviSTa hone ke liye AcAra-saMhitA anivArya hai| ahiMsA, satya Adi pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, tIna gupti- ye teraha niyama sArvabhauma haiM, AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAdhaka tattva haiM tathA naitika vikAsa kI aMtima maMjila haiN| paripUrNa naitika vikAsa ina vratoM se hI saMbhava hai| dasa yati dharma, parISaha jaya, vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1890

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bAhara bhAvanAeM Adi mahAvratoM ke paripoSaka haiN| jaina sUtroM meM arihaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu-ye sAdhanA kI bhUmikAeM haiN| azubha se nivRtti, zubha meM pravRtti hI naitika vikAsa kA saccA mArga hai| Atma-vikAsa evaM Atmonnati kI samRddhi kA mAnadaNDa hai / AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama jIvana kA astitva dharAtala para karIba eka araba varSoM se mAnA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama sarala ekakoSIya jIva ke rUpa meM, phira kramazaH gati karate hue uccatama zikhara para manuSya ke rUpa meM AtA hai| yugoM se calI A rahI isa prakriyA kA nAma diyA- vikAsa / kramika aura vyavasthita DhaMga se rUpAntaraNa honA hI vikAsa kA siddhAMta hai / jIvagata vikAsa aneka tarIkoM se hotA hai kyoMki jIva kI aneka avasthAeM haiM- pArivArika, Arthika, sAmAjika, zArIrika, rAjanItika, AdhyAtmika aadi| ye saba saMsAra ke vyavahAra haiN| aneka kSetroM, kAryoM, viSayoM meM aneka prakAra ke vikAsa hote haiN| ye saba vyavahAra kI sImA meM haiM / vyavahAra se saMsAra sucAru aura vyavasthita calatA hai kintu adhyAtma kA vikAsa na ho to saba adhUre haiN| anAdikAla se vAsanAjanya saMsAra meM jIva karma saMpRkta hokara vaibhAvika paryAyoM se prabhAvita hai| vibhAva rUpa paryAya se sva-svabhAva meM avasthita ho jAnA, yahIM se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI yAtrA prAraMbha hotI hai| adhyAtma kA artha hai- bhItara kA vikAsa, svayaM kI khoja, astitva kA nirNaya | jar3a-cetana rUpa padArtha kI samIkSA / nijatva kI anubhUti aura prayatna | adhyAtma kA kSetra gahana hai jahAM jIva ko akele hI yAtrA karanI hai / AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sambandha indriya aura mana se nahIM, cetanA se hai / cetanA kA AbhyantarIkaraNa usakI vikAsa yAtrA hai| adhyAtma ke pariveza meM vahI praviSTa ho sakatA hai jo moha ke AkramaNa - pratyAkramaNa ko cunautI de ske| adhyAtmasAra 218 evaM adhyAtmopaniSada 9 meM adhyAtma kA svarUpa nirdezita hai| zuddha AtmA meM vizuddhatA kA AdhArabhUta anuSThAna adhyAtma hai| adhyAtma-vikAsa samatva se anuprANita hai| adhyAtma kA prANa tattva hairAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya se mukti, vItarAga sthiti kI prApti / jIva kI anAdikAlIna yAtrA yahIM samApta hotI hai| * 1900 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jIva aura zarIra do svataMtra bhUmikAeM haiN| donoM kI apanI-apanI prabhusattAeM evaM paridhiyAM haiN| donoM ke bIca kI sImArekhA kA bodha hI sAdhanA siMhadvAra hai / antazcetanA ke do stara haiM- vikalpa evaM anubhUti / vikalpa - jAla meM phaMsI cetanA ko Atma-bodha nahIM hotaa| isase bAhara nikalane para hI svarUpa kI anubhUti kara sakatI hai| yahI samyagdarzana hai / adhyAtma kA prathama caraNa samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana ke sAtha samyagjJAna kA sahacArI sambandha hai / samyak jJAna mokSa-kalpataru kA bIja hai| samyagdarzana nIMva hai| samyak cAritra samIcIna jIvana zailI hai| agni meM prakAza, dAhakatA, pAcakatA tIna guNoM kA samavAya hai vaise hI mokSa prApti meM tInoM kA samanvaya jarUrI hai| tattva ke prati zraddhA jaba sahaja evaM svAbhAvika DhaMga se binA kisI prayAsa ke utpanna hotI hai taba use nisargaja kahate hai / jaba zraddhA upadezAdi bAhya nimitta se utpanna hotI hai taba use adhigamaja kahate haiM / AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jJAna - kriyA kA dvaita miTa jAtA hai| ye donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| sAkSAt kI prakriyA cAritra hai| cAritra ke do rUpa haiM - vyavahAra cAritra, nizcaya cAritra / vidhi-vidhAna rUpa AcAra kA bAhya pakSa vyavahAra cAritra hai / isakA sAmAjika jIvana se bhI sambandha hai| naitika vikAsa kA yaha mAnadaMDa bhI hai / cAritra kA bhAva pakSa hai- nizcaya cAritra / nizcaya cAritra kA AdhAra - apramatta cetanA, rAga-dveSa se mukta cetanA / samyak cAritra ke anya do pakSa haiM- deza cAritra, sarva cAritra / deza cAritra kA sambandha gRhastha upAsakoM se hai| sarva cAritra ke adhikArI haiMzramaNa-nirgrantha | bauddha darzana meM samyak cAritra ke sthAna para zIla zabda kA prayoga huA hai| zIla kA tAtparya hai - kuzala dharmoM kA AdhAra / vizuddhi mArga meM cAra prakAra ke zIloM kA ullekha hai - cetanA zIla, caitasika zIla, saMvara zIla, anullaMghana shiil| jaina darzana 21 meM cAritra ke pAMca prakAra haiM- sAmayika, chedopasthApanIya, parihAra vizuddha, sUkSma saMparAya, yathAkhyAta / zramaNoM ke liye jinakalpI, vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1910

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sthavirakalpI, Adi bhUmikAeM haiN| zrAvakoM ke liye sulabha bodhi, samyagdRSTi, pratimAdhArI aadi| jJAna se AtmA ke nirAvaraNa svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai parantu usa AvaraNa ko tor3ane kI kSamatA cAritra meM hai| jJAna nirNAyaka hai para gatizIla nhiiN| cAritra gatizIla hai| AdhyAtmika ratnatrayI kI sAdhanA para AdhArita hai| isakI jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa ArAdhanA karane vAle saMsAra se mukta ho mokSagAmI banate haiN| cetanA ke vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAeM __ cetanA ke kramika vikAsa ke sopAnoM kA jaina darzana meM guNasthAna ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa hai| AtmA kI naitika evaM AdhyAtmika utkrAMti kI yAtrA ko guNasthAnoM kI paddhati dvArA vyavasthita tarIke se spaSTa kiyA hai| guNasthAna eka tArkika vyavasthA hai| zuddhikaraNa kA krama hai| guNasthAna jaina darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| usakA sambandha AtmA kI kramika vizuddhi se hai| guNasthAna zabda uttaravartI sAhitya meM prasiddha hai| Agama sAhitya meM 'jIva-sthAna' zabda kA prayoga hai| samavAyAMga meM caudaha bhUtagrAma yA jIvasthAna kahA hai| karma grantha22 meM guNasthAna zabda se abhihita kiyA hai| samayasAra23 meM AcArya kuMdakuMda ne yahI zabda kAma meM liyA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM guNasthAna zabda kA prayoga najara nahIM aataa| gommaTasAra24 meM 'jIva-samAsa' nAma hai| dhavalA ke anusAra25 jIva guNoM meM rahane ke kAraNa jIva-samAsa kahA hai| kintu jIvasthAna, jIva-samAsa yA guNasthAna meM sirpha saMjJA bheda hai| arthabhinnatA nhiiN| guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA mukhya AdhAra hai-karma vishodhi| samavAo meM kahA hai-kamma visohI maggaNaM paDucca caudasa jIvaThANA pnnnnttaa| ajJAnamaya aMdhakArapUrNa galiyAre se AtmA jaba bAhara nikalatI hai| dhIredhIre apane asvAbhAvika guNoM ke AdhAra para utkrAMti karatI huI vikAsa kI parAkASThA para pahuMcatI hai| yahI parama sAdhya hai| sAdhya kI prApti se pUrva jIva ko kramika avasthAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| ise utkrAMti mArga kahate haiN| jIva-vikAsa meM zarIra, indriya Adi ke vikAsa kI carcA hai| mAnasika vikAsa meM mana tathA usake vikAsa kI .1920 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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prakriyAeM haiN| naitika vikAsa kI bhUmikA para jIva se sambandhita naitika vidhiniyamoM kA vivecana hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA sambandha AtmA kI vizuddhatA se hai| saMsAra meM jIva-rAzi anaMta hai| sabhI jIvoM kI zArIrika saMracanA, indriya, vicAra-zakti, manobala tatha cAritra eka-dUsare se bhinna haiN| yaha bheda karmajanya, audayika, aupazamika, kSAyopazamika, kSAyika tathA pAriNAmika bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| bhinnatA itanI vicitra hai ki sArA saMsAra mAno eka ajAyabaghara-sA pratIta hotA hai| ananta bhinnatAoM ko caudaha vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| guNasthAnoM kA vargIkaraNa, AtmAnusaMdhAna evaM Atma-vikAsa kI prAMjala vaijJAnika prakriyAeM haiN| isa vargIkaraNa meM prathama avasthA se lekara carama avasthA taka sopAnoM kA eka mahattvapUrNa anukrama (sIkvensa) hai| moha karma kI utkarSatA-maMdatA evaM abhAva para vikAsa kI kramagata kalpanA (Gradation) AdhArita hai| sAdhaka kA lakSya AdhyAtmika pUrNatA prApta karanA hai| isa lakSyapUrti ke liye use sAdhanA kI vibhinna bhUmikAeM pAra karanI hotI haiN| ve bhUmikAeM sAdhanA kI mApaka haiN| vikAsa madhya avasthA hai| usake eka tarapha avikAsa kI sthiti hai| dUsarI ora pUrNa vikAsa kii| isa AdhAra para AtmA kI tIna avasthAoM kA vivecana hai-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA, prmaatmaa| caudaha guNasthAnoM meM pahale se tIsare taka bahirAtmA hai| cauthe se bArahaveM taka antarAtmA, zeSa do guNasthAnoM meM AtmA ke paramAtmA svarUpa kA citraNa hai| guNasthAnoM meM bahirAtmA se antarAtmA, antarAtmA se paramAtmA taka kI yAtrA hai| AtmA nirvikAra hai phira bhI use patana-utthAna kI prakriyA se kyoM gujaranA par3atA hai ? vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA kyoM rahatI hai ? isakA AdhAra hai-krm| AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko AvRta kara rahe haiM una karmoM meM pradhAna karma hai-moh| moha ko poSaNa do tattva-rAga-dveSa se mila rahA hai| rAga-dveSa kaSAya mUlaka haiN| moha kA vilaya hote hI anya karmoM ke AvaraNa haTAne meM sugamatA ho jAtI hai| moha ke do vibhAga haiM-darzana moha aura cAritra moh| darzana moha sva-svarUpa ke yathArtha bodha kA bAdhaka hai| cAritra moha se yathArtha vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa .193.

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svarUpa meM avasthiti nahIM hotI / vyavahAra meM bhI pahale vastu kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai| usake bAda hI usakI prApti ke liye prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| adhyAtma jagat meM bhI yahI prakriyA hai / mohanIya karma, usakA pariNAma prathama tIna guNasthAna meM darzana zakti aura cAritra zakti kA vikAsa isaliye nahIM hotA ki una zaktiyoM ke pratibaMdhaka karma saMskAroM kI tIvratA hai / pahalI zakti darzana moha kI prabala hai, dUsarI anugaaminii| pahalI zakti ke manda, mandatama hote hI dUsarI zakti bhI nirvIrya bana jAtI hai / rAga dveSa - krodha - mAna - mAyA - lobha mohana karma caturtha guNasthAna meM ve pratibaMdhaka karma saMskAra kama ho jAte haiM ataH yahIM se vikAsa prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| pratibaMdhaka kaSAya ke sthUla dRSTi se 4 vibhAga haiM - anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya, jo darzana zakti kA avarodhaka hai| zeSa tIna vibhAga - apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, saMjvalana, cAritra zakti ke vighAtaka haiN| mamatva - prathama guNasthAna AtmA kI avikasita avasthA hai| isa bhUmikA para khar3A vyakti Adhibhautika vikAsa bhale kitanA hI karale para usakI pravRtti lakSya se zUnya hI rahatI hai / yaha mithyA darzana kI bhUmikA hai / yahIM avasthita sabhI prANiyoM kI sthiti eka samAna nahIM hotI / kAraNa moha kA prabhAva kisI para gADhatama kisI para gADha hotA hai| sAdhaka kI yAtrA sUkSma par3AvoM kA vivecana hai| rAha kA pUrA nakzA, bIca ke par3Ava, mIla ke kinAre para patthara - sabhI kI ThIka sUcanA hai| guNasthAna cetana - vikAsa ke mApaka perAmITara haiN| pahalA guNasthAna hai mithyA dRSTi guNasthAna ( Wrong Belief of Delusion) / yaha apakrAMti kI avasthA hai / kartavya - akartavya ke viveka kA abhAva hI mithyAtva hai / vastu kA ayathArtha bodha mithyAtva hai / yathArtha bodha meM bAdhA ahaMkAra kI hai / satya kI prApti ke liye asmitA kA cogA utAranA par3atA hai| Agraha satya kA hanana hai / 194 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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'mithyA nAma viparIta bhAvaH mithyAbhAva: ' mithyAtvI vyakti kI sthiti kAca - kAmalI rogagrasta vyakti jaisI hotI hai jise saba kucha pIlA hI pIlA najara AtA hai| vastu kA mUla rUpa dikhAI nahIM detaa| mithyAtva kA asara aisA hotA hai, kintu taratamatA avazya hai| tIvratA - mandatA ke krama se kAphI antara hotA hai| tIvrAtitIvra, atitIvra, tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra, manda, mandatara, mandatama, zuddha, isa prakAra car3hate-utarate krama se mithyAtva ke kaI bheda ho sakate haiN| bhinna-bhinna kakSAeM haiN| jaise - kAlA raMga, usake kaI prakAra / kauA, koyala aura bhramara tInoM kAle haiM kintu kAlepana kI mAtrA kA aMtara hai| 100% kAlA 2 c0% 60% 40% kAlA kAlA kAlA raMga 5 20% kAlA 90% kAlA 5% kAlA sampUrNa zuddha jaise-gAMva se bar3A tAlukA hotA hai phira kramazaH jilA, zahara, rAjya, deza aura vishv| ulaTe krama meM vizva, deza, rAjya aadi| yahAM jJAna kA tAratamya hai vaise mithyAtva meM bhI / prazna uThatA haiM, mithyAtva ko guNasthAna kyoM kahA ? zAstrIya AdhAra para samAdhAna yaha hai ki mithyAtva kA pragADha udaya hone para bhI sAmAnya satyAMza bodha hara prANI meM rahatA hI hai| yaha manuSya hai| pazu hai| jar3a hai| dina hai| rAta hai| itanA jJAna vidyamAna hai| savva jIvANamakkharassa anaMtamo bhAgo nivvamughADIo ciTThaI | jai puNa sovi AvarijjAteNaM jIvo ajIvattaNaM pAuNijjA / / nigoda kA choTA jIva ho yA bar3A, jIva mAtra meM jJAna kA anantavAM bhAga bhI nizcita anAvRta hotA hai| yadi aisA na ho to jIva- ajIva bana jAyegA / kitanA hI dRSTi kA viparyAsa ho, usameM alpatama yA avyakta mAtrA meM sahI, yathArtha zraddhA aura vidhAyaka guNoM kA vikAsa milegA, kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svabhAva hai| jIva kA astitva usake jJAnAdi guNoM ke kAraNa hai| isa prakAra sAmAnya AMzika bodha meM AMzika satya bhI mithyAtva kI kakSA meM rahatA hai| isa guNa ke AdhAra para use mithyAtvI guNasthAna kahA hai| dUsarA kAraNa, jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA isI guNasthAna se prAraMbha hotI hai| samyaktva prApti ke liye sArA puruSArtha mithyAtva ke sadana meM rahakara hI karanA hai / yathApravRttikaraNa bhI yahIM prApta karanA hai| TesTa meca to khelegA taba khelegA vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1950

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parantu pahale krikeTa meca khelane kI sArI prakriyA isI grAuMDa para hotI hai| isaliye mithyAtva kI gaNanA guNasthAna meM kI hai| mithyAdRSTi jIvoM kI dRSTi sarvathA ayathArtha nahIM hotii| moha kI pragADhatama avasthA meM bhI aisA kAI jIva nahIM jisameM karma vilayajanya vizuddhi kA aMza na ho| - prathama guNasthAna mithyAtva rUpa hote hue bhI samyak darzana kI ora prasthita karane vAle guNoM kI bhUmi hai isaliye guNasthAna kahA hai| saMsAra kI adhikAMza AtmAeM mithyAtva guNasthAna meM rahatI haiN| mithyAtva ke 5 prakAra haiM 26- 1. AbhigrAhika-kisI eka bAta ko svIkAra kara dUsare kA khaNDana krnaa| 2. anAbhigrAhika-guNa-doSa kI mImAMsA kiye binA sabhI mantavyoM ko samAna smjhnaa| 3. abhinaivezika-apane pakSa kA asatya jJApita hone para bhI asatya kA Agraha banAye rkhnaa| 4. sAMzayika- tattva ke svarUpa meM saMdeha krnaa| 5. anAbhogika- moha kI prabala avasthA meM jJAna kA abhaav| mithyAtva ke anya pAMca prakAroM kA bhAva saMgraha27 meM nirUpaNa hai-1 viparIta, 2 ekAMta, 3 vinaya, 4, saMzaya, 5 ajnyaan| prathama guNasthAnavartI bhavya-abhavya AtmAoM meM bhavya AtmA bhaviSya meM kabhI-na-kabhI yathArtha dRSTikoNa se AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara pUrNatA ko prApta kara sakegI kintu abhavya AtmAoM ko yathArtha bodha saMbhava nhiiN| ve AtmAeM viparIta, ekAntika dhAraNAoM tathA saMzaya aura ajJAnagrasta rahane se yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke prati unameM ruci kA abhAva hI rahatA hai| jaise jvarapIr3ita ko madhura bhojana arucikara hotA hai| ... paM. sukhalAlajI ke abhimata se-prathama guNasthAna meM sthita aneka AtmAeM aisI haiM jo rAga-dveSa ke prabala vega ko dabAye hue hotI haiN| yadyapi AdhyAtmika lakSya ke prati unakA lakSya anukUla nahIM hotA phira bhI anya kaI avikasita AtmAoM se unakA stara ThIka hotA hai| yoga dRSTi samuccaya meM mitrA, tArA, Adi dRSTi meM citta kI mRdutA, adveSa vRtti, karuNA jaise guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai| .1960 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jaba taka anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya, mithyAtva mohanIya, mizra mohanIya, samyaktva mohanIya ina sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama, kSayopazama yA kSaya nahIM jo jAtA vahAM taka koI bhI jIva prathama guNasthAna kI sImA ko atikrAMta nahIM krtaa| ina prakRtiyoM ke udayajanita hI pahalA guNasthAna hai| mithyAtva kI alpatA hone para isI guNasthAna ke aMtima caraNa meM AtmA yathApravRttikaraNa, apUrvakaraNa, anAvRttikaraNa nAmaka granthi-bheda kI prakriyA karatA hai| granthi-bheda kA kArya bar3A viSama hai| AtmA ke AvaraNa kucha zithila hote haiM taba vIryollAsa kI mAtrA bar3hatI hai| pariNAmoM meM bhI vizuddhatA AtI hai| isase durbhedya granthi ko tor3ane kI yogyatA bahuta aMzoM meM prApta kara letA hai| ise yathApravRttikaraNa kahate haiN|28 mithyAtva mohanIya ke tIvra udaya meM AtmA kA svarUpa kI ora na AkarSaNa hotA hai na jijnyaasaa| jaba maMdodaya hotA hai, taba Atma svarUpa prApta karane kI utkaMThA jAgatI hai| usa samaya jo vizuddha pariNAma hote haiM use 'karaNa' kahate haiM / darzana moha aura cAritra moha ke sAtha AtmA kA yaha gaharA saMgharSa hai| isa saMgharSa meM AtmA kI vijaya yAtrA zurU hotI hai| saMgharSa meM kucha AtmAeM parAsta ho jAtI haiN| kucha vijayazrI prApta kara sva-svarUpa ko pA letI haiN| lakSya upalabdhi kI yaha prakriyA jaina sAdhanA meM graMthi bheda kahalAtI hai / graMthi bheda karane meM sAdhaka kA manobala aura kauzala hI nimitta hotA hai| isameM zaithilya viphalatA kA dyotaka hai| graMthi ke bheda kA artha hai - pragAr3ha moha kA unmUlana / moha kA AvaraNa haTAne ke liye granthiyoM kA bhedana Avazyaka hai| unameM yathApravRttikaraNa prathama hai| moha karma kI sthiti sattara kor3Akor3a sAgaropama hai| yaha ghaTakara jaba eka kor3Akor3a pramANa raha jAtI hai| taba yathApravRttikaraNa hotA hai isase rAga-dveSa kI saghana granthi ke nikaTa taka AtA hai kintu bheda nahIM pAtA / abhavya jIva bhI vahAM ka jAkara punaH lauTa AtA hai kyoMki graMthi kA bhedana kaThina hai| paMcendriya samanaska prANI aneka bAra yathApravRttikaraNa kara letA hai| isase naitika cetanA kA udaya hotA hai| eka muhUrta yathApravRttikaraNa rahatA hai / pratikSaNa bhAvoM kI vizuddhi hotI rahatI hai| graMthi ke nikaTa pahuMca jAte haiM kintu rAga-dveSa ke tIvra prahAroM se Ahata hokara mUla sthiti meM raha jAte haiN| aneka AtmAeM cira kAla taka yuddha - maidAna meM khar3I rahatI haiN| jaya-parAjaya kucha bhI nhiiN| isake bAda apUrvakaraNa 29 hotA hai| vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 1970

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isase granthi para zalyakriyA30 kI jAtI hai| graMthibhedana hote hI abhUtapUrva nirmalatA bar3hatI hai| yahIM se jIvAtmA kI antaryAtrA prAraMbha hotI hai| jIva kA saMkalpa UrdhvamukhI banatA hai| usa samaya alpa sthitika karmo kA baMdha karatA hai| ananta guNI nirjarA hotI hai| karmabhAra se halkA ho jAtA hai| phira anivRttikaraNa, isakI bhI antarmuhurta sthiti hai| sthiti ke kaI bhAga vyatIta ho jAte haiN| eka bhAga avazeSa rahatA hai taba antarakaraNa kI kriyA prAraMbha hotI hai| isakA artha hai ki mithyAtva mohanIya karma jo udayamAna hai usake una dalikoM ko jo anivRttikaraNa ke bAda antarmuhUrta taka udaya meM Ane vAle haiM unheM Age-pIche krnaa| anivRttikaraNa ke pazcAta kA eka antarmahUrta kAla aisA hotA hai jisameM mithyAtva mohanIya kA dalika kiMcita mAtra bhI nahIM rhtaa| ataH jisa navIna karma kA abAdhAkAla pUrNa ho cukA hai aise mithyAtva mohanIya ke do vibhAga ho jAte haiN| eka bhAga anivRttikaraNa ke aMtima samaya taka udayamAna rahatA hai| dUsarA bhAga anivRttikaraNa ke pazcAt antarmuhUrta pramANa kAla vyatIta hone taka udaya meM AtA hai| prathama bhAga ko mithyAtva kI prathama sthiti, dUsare bhAga ko dUsarI sthiti kaha sakate haiN| anivRttikaraNa kA aMtima samaya pUrNa ho jAtA hai taba mithyAtva kA kisI prakAra udaya nahIM rahatA, kyoMki jina dalikoM ke udaya kI saMbhAvanA hai ve sabhI dalika antaHkaraNa kriyA se Age-pIche kara diye jAte haiN| anivRttikaraNa ke aMtima samaya taka hI jIva mithyAtvI rahatA hai| usakA samaya saMpanna hote hI jIva ko aupazamika samyaktva upalabdha hotI hai| isameM mohanIya karma ke pradezodaya evaM vipAkodaya donoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| ___ jIva kA svAbhAvika samyaktva guNa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| apUrva AnaMda kI prApti hotI hai| yathApravRttikaraNa vAsanAoM se saMgharSa karane ke liye pUrva pIThikA taiyAra karatA hai| jo AtmAeM kRta saMkalpa ho rAga-dveSa rUpI zatruoM ke vyUha kA bhedana karatI haiN| bhedana kI kriyA apUrvakaraNa hai| saMgharSa meM vijayazrI prApta kara AtmA jisa Ananda kA anubhava karatI hai vaha viziSTa hai| isa avasthA meM mAnasika tanAva aura saMzaya pUrI taraha samApta ho jAte haiN| apUrva Ananda kA anubhava apUrvakaraNa hai| AtmA vikAsa kI dizA meM apanA agalA caraNa rakhatI hai-yaha prakriyA anivRttikaraNa hai| isa bhUmikA para AtmA zuddha svarUpa kA darzana karatI hai| yahI samyagdarzana bodha kI bhUmikA hai| .1980 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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inheM eka vastra ke udAharaNa se spaSTa samajha sakate haiM eka vastra hai jisameM mala ke atirikta cikanAhaTa bhI hai| mala ko dUra karanA utanA kaThina nahIM jitanA cikanAhaTa ko dUra krnaa| udara kA mala dUra karane ke samAna yathApravRttikaraNa hai| cikanAhaTa dUra karane vAle vizeSa zrama ke samAna 'apUrvakaraNa' hai| bace hue mala kiMvA cikanAhaTa dUra karane ke samAna 'anivRttikaraNa' hai| rAga-dveSa kI graMthi kA chedana atyanta duSkara hai| yahI saMgharSa kI vAstavika avasthA hai| moha rAjA ke rAjaprAsAda kA yahI dvitIya dvAra hai jahAM sabase adhika zaktizAlI aMgarakSaka tainAta haiN| ina para vijaya ho jAne para moha para vijaya pAnA AsAna hai| __ apUrvakaraNa kI avasthA meM karma zatruoM para vijaya pAte AtmA pAMca prakriyAeM karatI hai| sthitighAta, rasaghAta, guNazreNI, guNa-saMkramaNa, apuurvbNdh| guNazreNI karmoM ko aise krama meM rakhanA ki vipAka kAla ke pUrva phalabhoga kiyA jA ske| guNa-saMkramaNa-karmoM kI avAntara prakRtiyoM meM rUpAntaraNa jaise-duHkhada vedanA ko sukhada vedanA meN| apUrvabaMdha-kriyamANa kriyAoM ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlA baMdha alpatara mAtrA meM honaa| antarakaraNa kI isa sthiti meM AtmA darzana mohanIya karma ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatI hai| samyaktva moha, mithyAtva moha, mizra moh| samyaktva mohanIya ke dalika zuddha, mizramohanIya ke ardha zuddha aura mithyAtva mohanIya ke ashuddh| pahale meM satya ke svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai| dUsare meM vikRta rUpa se| lekina tIsare meM satya pUrI taraha AvRta rahatA hai| samyagdarzana ke kAla meM AtmA mithyAmoha aura mizramoha ko samyaktva moha meM rUpAntarita karatA rahatA hai| samyagdarzana kI antarmuhUrta kI samaya sImA samApta hote hI tIna vibhAgoM me se kisI bhI varga kI karma prakRti kA udaya ho sakatA hai| yadi prathama udaya samyaktva moha kA hotA hai to AtmA vikAsonmukha ho jAtA hai| lekina mizra moha yA mithyAtva moha kA vipAka hotA hai to AtmA punaH patanonmukha ho jAtA hai| agale vikAsa ke liye use punaH granthi bheda kA puruSArtha karanA hotA hai| darzana moha kA vinAza hI prathama guNasthAna kI samApti hai| sAdhya kI prApti se pUrva jIva ko eka ke bAda dUsarI, dUsarI se tIsarI-aisI kramika vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa -199.

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avasthAoM se gujaranA par3atA hai| pUrva-pUrvavartI guNasthAna kI apekSA para paravartI guNasthAnoM meM vikAsa kI mAtrA bar3hatI jAtI hai| vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA kyoM rahatI hai ? isakA AdhAra hai- AtmA kI sthiratA, antardRSTi, svabhAva ramaNa / sthiratA ke tAratamya meM darzana aura cAritra moha kA kSAyaka kSayopazama nimitta hai| 2. sAsvAdana guNasthAna - ( Down fall from the fourth stage) sAsvAdana 32 kA artha hai-svaadyukt| jaise kisI bartana meM kSIra ddaalii| usake nikAla lene para bhI kucha svAda raha jAtA hai / athavA jhAlara bajatI hai| baMda kara dene para bhI kucha dera dhvani AtI rahatI hai / vaise hI samyak darzana kI rozanI se jIva jaba giratA hai phira bhI svAda raha jAtA hai isaliye isakA sAsvAdana nAmakaraNa hai| yaha apakramaNa kI avasthA hai / samyaktva kI ucca bhUmikAoM ke rAjamArga se patita AtmA jaba prathama guNasthAna ke unmukha hotI hai| bIca meM patanonmukha AtmA kI jo avasthA hai vahI dUsarA guNasthAna hai| pahale guNasthAna se isameM Atmazuddhi kucha adhika hotI hai isaliye ise dUsare nambara para rakhA hai phira bhI jJAtavya yaha hai ki ise utkrAMti sthAna nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki prathama bhUmikA se utkrAMti karane vAlA jIva sIdhe taura se dUsare sthAna ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| Upara kI bhUmikA se girane vAlA hI isakA adhikArI hotA hai| isa samaya AdhyAtmika sthiti vilakSaNa hotI hai| usa samaya AtmA na tattva jJAna kI nizcita bhUmikA para hai na tattva jJAna zUnya kI nizcita bhUmikA para / koI sIDhiyoM se khisaka kara jaba taka jamIna para Akara nahIM Thahara jAtA, bIca meM alaga hI sthiti kA anubhava karatA hai / vaisI sthiti sAsvAdana kI hotI hai| 3. mizra guNasthAna - (Belief in Right or wrong at the same time) isameM samyak aura mithyA donoM dRSTiyoM kA mizraNa hai| dolAyamAna sthiti hai| isaliye mizradRSTi ko guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai / jaise mizrI evaM dahI ko saMyukta karane para zrIkhaMDa bana jAtA hai kintu usakA svAda na dahI rUpa hai na mizrI jaisA / tIsarA hI svAda hotA hai / vaisI hI isakI avasthA hai| prathama guNasthAna se utkrAMti karane vAlA sIdhA tIsare meM A sakatA hai aura koI caturtha Adi guNasthAna se apakramaNa kara tIsare meM A sakatA hai| isa. prakAra utkrAMti aura apakrAMti donoM kA Azraya sthala hai tIsarA guNasthAna / jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana *200*

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dUsarI bhUmikA se tIsarI kI yahI vizeSatA hai| yaha svataMtra guNasthAna hai| sthiti jaghanya utkRSTa antarmuhUrta hai| upazama samyaktva prApta karate samaya jo mithyAtva mohanIya ke tIna vibhAga kiye the unameM se samyaktva mohanIya ke udaya Ane se caturtha guNasthAna se patita ho tIsare meM AtA hai| vicitra hai yaha bhuumikaa| isameM na AyuSya33 baMdha hotA hai na mrnn| yaha sadA amara hai| yahAM AdhyAtmika aura pAzavika vRttiyoM kA saMgharSa calatA rahatA hai| adhyAtma kI vijaya meM yathArtha dRSTi upalabdha hotI hai| pAzavikatA kI vijaya meM mithyAdRSTi bana jAtA hai| prathama ina tIna guNasthAnoM meM darzana zakti va cAritra zakti kA vikAsa isaliye nahIM hotA hai ki una zaktiyoM ke pratibaMdhaka karma saMskAroM kI tIvratA hai| 4. avirati samyak dRSTi guNasthAna-(Vowless right belief) yaha vikAsa krama kI caturtha bhUmikA hai| isameM dRSTi samyak hai, viparyAsa nahIM rahatA kintu vrata kI yogyatA cAritra mohanIya ke udaya se prApta nahIM ho sktii| AdhyAtmika zAMti kA anubhava hotA hai| samyagdarzana kI utkrAMti kA yaha siMhadvAra hai| dezavirati guNasthAna-(Partial Vows-Anuvirati) isa bhUmikA para sAdhaka naitikatA ke patha para calanA prAraMbha karatA hai| pUrNarUpeNa samyak cAritra kI ArAdhanA kara nahIM pAtA para AMzika rUpa se pAlana avazya karatA hai| dezavirati kA tAtparya hai-vAsanApUrNa jIvana se AMzika nivRtti| Asakti rUpa mUrchA TUTatI hai| isa guNasthAna kI prApti ke liye apratyAkhyAnI kaSAyoM kA upazAMta honA Avazyaka hai| pramatta saMyata guNasthAna-(Observance of the great vows) isa guNasthAna meM cAritra moha ko adhikAMza zithila kara pahale kI apekSA adhika svarUpa-sthiratA prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| kintu pramAda kA saMpUrNa uccheda nahIM kara paataa| pramAda kA artha hai-anutsaah| avirati kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAne para bhI antarvartI anutsAha rUpa pramAda kA astitva rahatA hai| isa guNasthAnavartI zramaNa chaThe aura sAtaveM guNasthAna ke bIca paricAraNa karate rahate haiN| bhaMvara meM sthita tinake kI taraha anavasthita bana jAte haiN| apramatta saMyata guNasthAna-(observance of the great vows with perfect heed fullness.)--yahAM sAdhaka pramAda se rahita ho Atma-sAdhanA meM vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa -2010

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lIna rahatA hai| anutsAha kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| isameM azubha yoga, azubha lezyA, azubha dhyAna Adi ruka jAte haiN| isa guNasthAna meM bhI 'apa-DAuna' hotA rahatA hai| pramAda kI tandrA kabhI apramAda kI jAgRti, yaha krama punaH punaH calatA hai isaliye donoM guNa-sthAnoM kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai| apramatta do prakAra ke haiM- kaSAya apramatta aura yoga aprmtt| jisakA kaSAya kSINa hai vaha kaSAya aprmtt| jo mana-vacana-kAyA ina tInoM yogoM se gupta hai vaha apramatta hai| isa zreNI meM koI bhI sAdhaka eka antarmuhUrta se adhika nahIM rhtaa| nivRtti bAdara guNasthAna (New thought activity which the saint's soul had never before acquired.) __ nivRtti se matalaba hai- bhed| prastuta guNasthAna meM pariNAma vizuddhi kI bhinnatA hotI hai isaliye ise nivRtti bAdara guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| isameM ArohaNa karane vAlI AtmA ke pariNAma pratikSaNa apUrva hI hote haiN| yahAM se Age kI yAtrA mohanIya karma ke kSaya yA upazama ke mAdhyama se niSpAdita hotI hai| kSaya ke mAdhyama se niSpanna ArohaNa ko kSapaka zreNI tathA upazamana se niSpanna upazama zreNI kahalAtI hai| upazama zreNI se bar3hane vAle moha ko eka bAra sarvathA dabA lete haiM, nirmUla nahIM kara paate| jisa prakAra bartana meM bharI huI bhApa kabhI-kabhI apane vega se yA to bartana ko ur3A detI hai, yA nIce girA detI hai| athavA rAkha meM dabI huI agni havA kA jhoMkA lagate hI apanA kArya zurU kara detI hai| jala ke tala meM baiThA huA mala thor3A-sA hilate hI punaH uThakara jala ko gaMdA banA detA hai, usI prakAra pahale dabAyA huA moha apane vega se sAdhaka ko nIce paTaka detA hai| vaha gyArahavAM guNasthAna hai| adhaHpatana kA mArga hai AThaveM-guNasthAna kI upazama shrennii| kSapaka zreNI pratipanna jIva moha ko kSaya kara dasaveM se sIdhA bArahaveM meM calA jAtA hai| vItarAga bana jAtA hai| kSINa moha vAle kA avaroha nahIM ho sktaa| gyArahavAM guNasthAna punarAvRtti kA hai| bArahavAM apunarAvRtti kaa| kisI eka parIkSA meM anuttIrNa hone vAlA vidyArthI apane parizrama evaM lagana se yogyatA bar3hAkara punaH usa parIkSA meM uttIrNa ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra upazama zreNI vAlA *2020 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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moha se parAjita hokara bhI punaH apramatta bhAva aura Atmabala kI adhikatA se moha ko kSINa kara detA hai| donoM zreNiyAM paramAtma bhAva ke sarvocca zikhara para car3hane kI sIDhiyAM haiN| isa guNasthAna kA nAma apUrvakaraNa bhI hai jo apUrvakaraNa kI prakriyA ke AdhAra para hai| anivRtti bAdara guNasthAna-(Advancced thought activity of a still greater purity.)--nivRtti kA artha hai bhed| anivRtti arthAt abhed| isameM pariNAmoM kI vizuddhi samAna hotI hai| isase anivRtti bAdara nAma hai| 8veM guNasthAna se isameM pariNAma vizuddhi anaMta guNA adhika hai| isa patha para sAdhaka sUkSma lobha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI kaSAyoM kA kSaya yA upazamana kara detA hai| Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa sAta karmoM kA guNa saMkramaNa, nirjaraNa, sthiti aura anubhAga khaMDana ho jAtA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se hI yaha krama AraMbha ho jAtA hai| kAma vAsanAtmaka bhAva yAnI 'veda' samUla naSTa ho jAte haiM / ucca starIya AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bhUmikA hai| sUkSma saMparAya guNasthAna-(Absence of all passions except the most subtle greed.)-isameM bhI sUkSma lobha ke atirikta kaSAya samApta ho jAtI hai| jaise dhule hue kusumI raMga ke vastra meM lAlimA kI sUkSma AbhA raha jAtI hai| isaliye sUkSma saMparAya kahA hai| yahAM yoga kI pravRtti avazya rahatI hai| mohanIya karma kI 28 prakRtiyoM meM se mAtra saMjvalana lobha rahatA hai taba sAdhaka isa zreNI meM praveza pAtA hai| upazAMta moha guNasthAna-(Subsided delusion i.e. subsidence of the entere eight conduct deluding 'karmes')-sUkSma lobha kA upazamana hote hI AtmA isa vikAsa-zreNI para pahuMcatA hai| eka muhUrta taka yahAM mohanIya karma ko upazAMta kara diyA jAtA hai kintu sAdhaka ke liye yaha avasthA khataranAka hai| rAkha meM dabI huI agni kI taraha eka muhUrta pUrNa hote hI mohakarma apanA prabhAva dikhAtA hai| phalataH AtmA jisa krama se upara car3hatA hai usI krama se nIce A jAtA hai| kabhI-kabhI prathama sIDhI taka bhI luDhaka jAtA hai| kSINa moha guNasthAna-(Delusion annihilated.)-karma kA mUla moha hai| yahAM moha kA saMpUrNa unmUlana ho jAtA hai| senApati ke abhAva meM senA svayaM palAyana kara jAtI hai| vaise hI moha ke naSTa hote hI ekatva vicAra zukla dhyAna ke bala se eka muhUrta kI alpa kAlAvadhi meM hI jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa .203.

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antarAya nAmaka tInoM karmoM ke AvaraNoM ko naSTa kara ananta jJAna, anantadarzana, ananta zakti se saMpanna ho vikAsa kI agrima zreNI meM calA jAtA hai| sayogI kevalI guNasthAna-(Omniscient soul with yogic vibration)--isa zreNI kA sAdhaka sarvajJa hotA hai| isameM sirpha cAra bhavopagrAhI karma aura mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika kriyAeM hotI haiN| yogoM ke kAraNa baMdhana hotA hai kintu dvisAmayika mAtra hii| bandhana aura vipAka kI prakriyA karma siddhAMta kI sirpha aupacArikatA hai| yogoM kA astitva hai isIliye sayogI kevalI guNasthAna kahA hai| ayogI kevalI guNasthAna-(Vibration less omniscient soul.) isa guNasthAna meM praveza pAte hI zukla dhyAna kA caturtha bheda samucchinna kriyA pratipAti zukladhyAna ke dvArA mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika vyApAroM kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| niSprakaMpa sthiti prakaTa hotI hai| carama Adarza kI upalabdhi hai| Atma-vikAsa kI paramAvasthA hai| sarvAMgINa pUrNatA evaM apunarAvRtti kA sthAna hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA aMtima dvAra hai| isa guNasthAna kA sthitikAla atyalpa hai| bAda kI jo avasthA hai vaha nirvANa hai| pratyeka prANI apane hI puruSArtha dvArA paramAtma avasthA taka pahuMca sakatA hai| vyApAra kA sambandha arthazAstra se, auSadha kA Ayurveda se, dhyAna kA yogazAstra se vaise AtmA kA guNasthAna se hai| prathama tIna guNasthAna meM bahirAtmA,cauthe se bArahaveM taka antarAtmA, terahaveM-caudahaveM guNasthAna meM prmaatmaa| tIsare meM DAMvADola avsthaa| caturtha bhUmikA meM samyak bodha kintu virakti nhiiN| pAMcaveM se saMyama kA kSetra zurU huaa| jIvana meM eka sImA rekhA banane laga jAtI hai| jIvana kI sArI UrjA eka dizA meM pravAhita hotI hai| tAlAba sabhI tarapha se khulA hai| sImA karanA hI saMyama hai| saMyama se UrjA surakSita rahatI hai| yadi nadI bananA hai to kinArA cAhiye tabhI sAgara taka pahuMcA jAtA hai| pAMcavAM guNasthAna arthAt kinAroM meM baMdhA vyktitv| sAtaveM guNasthAna meM mUrchA, ahaMkAra, pramAda kI sUkSmatama abhivyakti bhI zUnya para A jAtI hai| sAdhutA ke bhAva AvirbhUta hone lagate haiN| AThaveM meM praveza ke sAtha pariNAma apUrva ho jAte haiN| sAtaveM taka saadhnaa| AThaveM se anubhava .204 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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shuruu| eka nayA AnaMda barasane lagatA hai| nayA kinArA najara jAtA hai| purAnA adRzya ho jAtA hai| navameM meM abheda kI sthaapnaa| strI-puruSa ke bheda smaapt| kevala AtmA raha jAtI hai| gArgI ne kahA thA-'jJAna varjito vAlo' deha kI bhinnatA ke pAra pahuMcane para kyA strI, kyA puruSa ? sabhI vizeSaNoM se Upara hotI hai-AtmA / gyArahaveM meM saba kucha shaaNt| kUr3A-karkaTa tala para baiTha gayA, kintu nizciMtatA nhiiN| kabhI kacarA punaH Upara uTha sakatA hai| 12veM meM pAnI pUrNa zuddha hai| mala kA niSkAsana ho gyaa| mahAvIra kA gaNita sApha hai| 13veM meM kevalajJAna ho gayA para deha se abhI taka sambandha hai| vaha chUTA nhiiN| 14veM meM vaha sambandha viccheda ho jAtA hai| kArAgRha se mukta ho jAtA hai| mana-vacana-kAyA kI sArI ceSTAeM samApta ho jAtI haiN| zaileSI avasthA meM pahuMcakara svayaM ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai| saba bAdhAeM haTa giiN| aba kucha banane kI saMbhAvanA nhiiN| bArahaveM se saMsAra samApta, mokSa praarNbh| mAno yaha borDa hai| jisake eka tarapha likhA hai- saMsAra smaapt| dUsarI ora mokSa praarNbh| phAsalA dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| donoM kI sImA rekhA eka hI hai| prathama sAta zreNiyoM taka anAtmA kA AtmA para Adhipatya aura aMtima sAta meM AtmA kA anAtmA para anushaasn| guNasthAna, AtmA-anAtmA ke avyAvahArika saMyoga kI avasthA hai| nirvANa kI prApti sabakA Adarza hai| sAdhaka jitanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke kSetra meM agragAmI hotA hai utanA hI nirvANa ke nikaTa hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM adhyAtma-vikAsa kI ye caudaha bhUmikAeM haiN| anya paramparAoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa bauddha dharma meM Atma-vikAsa ke sambandha meM ciMtana kiyA hai| unake anusAra saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-pRthak jana bhUmi (mithyAdRSTi) Arya pRthak jana bhUmi (smygdRsstti)| hInayAna-mahAyAna donoM meM Atma-vikAsa kI dRSTi se kucha matabheda haiN| hInayAna meM nirvANa mArga ke abhimukha sAdhaka ko cAra bhUmikAeM pAra karanI hotI haiN|34 vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa 205.

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1. zrotApanna bhUmi-zrota kA artha hai- prvaah| yahAM pravAha kA Azaya dharma pravAha se hai| jo dharma pravAha saMpRkta nahIM vaha pRthak jana hai| vaisA vyakti jaba pravAha meM A jAtA hai taba usakI zrotApanna saMjJA hotI hai| phira pravAha ke sAtha Age bar3hatA hai| 2. sakRdAnugAmI bhUmi-zrotApanna puruSa Age bar3hate hue aisI sthiti prApta kara letA hai, apane vartamAna janma ke bAda eka bAra hI use bhava-bandhana meM AnA hotA hai| tadanantara nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| 3. anAgAmI bhUmi-anAgAmI vaha sAdhaka hai jisakI sAdhanA itane ucca zikhara para hotI hai ki use phira janma nahIM lenA pdd'taa| vahI aMtima bhava hai| 4. arhat bhUmi-vikAsa kI uccatama avasthA jahAM anya sAre vikAsa miTa jAte haiN| jJAna netra khula jAte haiN| jIvana meM sahaja samAdhi A jAtI hai| jIvanmukti kI avasthA hai| sAdhaka kRtakArya bana jAtA hai| karaNIya kucha nahIM rhtaa| sarvapUjya mahApuruSa kI sthiti pA letA hai| pahalI bhUmikA kI tulanA jaina darzana meM varNita cAra se sAta guNasthAna se kI jA sakatI hai| dUsarI kI AThaveM se bArahaveM tk| isameM rAga-dveSa moha Adi para sAdhaka prahAra karatA hai| aMta meM moha kSINa karatA hai| kSINa moha guNasthAna tIsarI anAgAmI bhUmi ke samakakSa hai| cauthI bhUmikA sayogI kevalI guNasthAna jaisI hai| utthAna yA vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM mahAyAna meM nayA ciMtana claa| vahAM sAdhanA kI dasa bhUmiyAM svIkAra kI gaI haiM 1. pramuditA, 2. vimalA, 3 prabhAkarI, 4 arciSmatI, 5 sudurjayA, 6 abhimukti, 7 dUraMgamA, 8 acalA, 9 sAdhumati, 10 dharma megh| dharma megha yaha sAdhaka ke vikAsa kI caramAvasthA hai| yaha vaha sthiti hai| jahAM sAdhaka sabhI prakAra kI samAdhiyoM ko svAyatta kara letA hai| pAMcavIM sudurjayA bhUmikA meM sAdhaka ke dvArA dhyAna pAramitA kA abhyAsa kiye jAne kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha hai| usakA abhipreta caitasika ekAgratA prApta karanA hai| aisA karake vaha buddhatva meM abhiSikta hone kI sthiti pA letA hai| .2060 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jaina darzana ke guNasthAnoM sAtha tulanA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai1. pramuditA deza virati, sarvavirati guNasthAna 2. vimalA apramatta guNasthAna 3. prabhAkarI apramatta guNasthAna 4. arciSmatI nivRtti bAdara guNasthAna 5. sudurjayA ATha se gyArahavAM guNasthAna 6. abhimukti sUkSma saMparAya 7. dUraMgamA / kSINa moha 8. acalA sayogI kevalI 9. sAdhumatI sayogI kevalI 10. dharma meghA samavasaraNa meM sthita tIrthaMkara jaisI avasthA guNasthAna AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAna haiM / AtmA mithyAtva kI parAdhInatA se nikala kara kisa prakAra pragati-caraNa se vikAsa kI parAkASThA para pahuMcatI hai| AjIvaka sampradAya35 meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avadhAraNAbuddhaghoSa ne AjIvaka sampradAya kI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ATha bhUmikAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-mandA, khiDDA, padavImAMsA, Rjugata, zaikSa, zramaNa, jina, praajny| inameM pahalI tIna avikAsakAla tathA pIche pAMca vikAsakAla kI avasthAeM haiN| usake bAda mokSa hai| AjIvaka sampradAya kA svataMtra sAhitya aura sampradAya nahIM, para unake AdhyAtmika vikAsa sambandhI vicAra bauddha granthoM meM upalabdha hote haiN| yoga dRSTi samuccaya meM AcArya haribhadra ne 8 dRSTiyoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| yoga ke saMdarbha meM yaha maulika cintana hai mitrA, tArA, balA, dIprA, sthirA, kAntA, prabhA evaM praa| dRSTi kA artha hai- jJAna, prakAza yA bodh| jIva ko kitane aMza taka bodha milA hai? kitanA vikAsa huA hai ? isakI mApaka haiM ye dRssttiyaaN| dRSTiyoM kI bodha jyoti kI taratamatA ko udAharaNa se spaSTa kiyA hai vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa .2070

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tRNa-gomaya-kASThAgni, kaNa dIpa prbhopmaa| ratna tArArka candrAbhA sad dRssttedRssttirssttdhaa|| mitrA - bodha tinake kI agni ke kaNa jitnaa| tArA gobara-chANa kI agni ke kaNa jitnaa| balA kASTha kI agni ke kaNa jitnaa| dIprA dIpaka kI jyoti-prabhA ke smaan| sthirA ratna ke prakAza jitnaa| kAntA - tArA ke prakAza ke jitnaa| prabhA - sUrya ke prakAza ke jitnaa| parA - candra ke prakAza ke jitnaa| AcArya haribhadra ne ATha dRSTiyoM meM pahalI cAra ko mithyAtva guNAsthAna se jor3A hai| agalI cAra dRSTiyoM kA sambandha samyaktva aura cAritramaya vikAsa se hai jo caturtha guNasthAna se prAraMbha hokara aMtima ayogI kevalI guNasthAna se sambaddha hai| ogha dRSTi meM jIva paribhramaNa karatA rahA hai| ogha kA artha hai- loka pravAha, patita dRsstti| kevala bhautika sukhoM meM ota-prota dRSTi ko ogha kahA hai| ogha dRSTi se yoga dRSTi meM lAne ke liye 8 dRSTiyoM kI sIDhiyoM ko kramazaH pAra kiyA jAtA hai| eka-eka sopAna para ArohaNa karate jJAna kA kSetra, prakAza kA vistAra bhI baDhatA jAtA hai| prakAza kI sthiratA, pramANa, kAla, kSetra, tIvratA Adi sabakA vicAra kiyA hai| viSaya sukhAbhilASI buddhi mitrA dRSTi meM badala jAtI hai| AtmA kA pUrNa lakSya nahIM banatA kintu lakSyonmukha bhUmikA prastuta ho jAtI hai| kisI vyakti ko uThAne ki laye 4-5 AvAja dii| AkhirI AvAja meM nIMda ttuuttii| vaha utthaa| pahalI AvAja meM dhvani kAna se TakarAtI hai kintu jAgRti nahIM aatii| pahalA patthara pheMkane se Ama nahIM giraa| Ama bhale 21veM patthara se girA ho phira bhI pahale se bhUmikA bana jAtI hai| inheM samajhane ke liye prakAza kA udAharaNa bahuta sArthaka hai| prakAza ke kaNa zurU hote-hote sUrya aura candra kA prakAza prApta hotA hai| 02080 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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prazna yaha uThatA hai ki AcArya ne pahale sUrya bAda meM cAMda ke prakAza kI carcA kyoM kI? candra kA prakAza sUrya se kama hai aura candra kI kalAeM bhI ghaTatI-bar3hatI rahatI haiN| isake pIche hetu yaha hai ki candra-prakAza saumya hai, zItala hai| ataH parAdRSTi taka pahuMcate sAdhaka kI saumyatA bhI bahuta ucca koTi meM pahuMca jAtI hai| yoga vasiSTha 36. meM guNa sthAnoM ke samAna hI caudaha bhUmikAeM aura haiN| jaise1. bIja jAgrata - yaha cetanA kI suSupta avasthA hai| 2. jAgrata - isameM ahaM aura mamatva kA atyalpa vikAsa hotA hai| 3. mahAjAgrata - isameM ahaM aura mamattva vikasita ho jAte haiN| 4. jAgrata-svapna - mano kalpanA kI avasthA hai| 5. svapna - svapna cetanA kI avsthaa| 6. svapna-jAgrata - yaha svapnila cetanA hai| 7. suSupti - svapnarahita nidrA kI avasthA hai| ina sAta bhUmikAoM kA sambandha ajJAna se hai| jJAna kI anya sAta zreNiyAM1. zubhecchA - klyaann-kaamnaa| 2. vicAraNA - sadAcAra meM pravRtti kA nirnny| 3. tanumAnasA __ - icchAoM-vAsanAoM ke kSINa hone kI sthiti| 4. sattvApatti - zuddhAtma svarUpa meM avsthiti| 5. asaMsakti ___- Asakti ke nirasana kI avsthaa| 6. padArthAbhAvinI - bhogecchA kA pUrNa vily| 7. tUryagA - dehAtIta avsthaa| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se ciMtana karane para lagatA hai jaina paramparA ke guNasthAna siddhAnta se uparokta dhAraNAeM kitanI nikaTa haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne yoga viSayaka granthoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa se sambandhita sahayogI kucha tathyoM kA vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa -209.

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nirUpaNa kiyA hai, jo kriyA37 mokSa se jor3atI hai vaha yoga hai| adhyAtmavikAsa meM yoga kA mahattva hai| usake pAMca bindu38 haiM- adhyAtma, bhAvanA, dhyAna, samatA, vRtti sNkssy| yoga kA jahAM se prAraMbha hotA hai Atma-vikAsa kI pahalI bhUmikA hai| yoga kI pUrNatA ke sAtha Atma-vikAsa bhI pUrNa ho jAtA hai| pratipAdana kI zailI-bheda se prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne jIva ke vikAsa krama ko mAnA hai| mithyAtva nivRtivAdara sAsvAdana anivRtti mizra dRSTi sUkSma saMvaraNa avirati jaina upazAMta moha deza virati kSINa moha pramatta saMyogImu apramatta ayogI, A pramuditA abhimukti vimalA dUraMgamA prabhAkarI boddha acalA arciSmatI sAdhumatI dharma meghA mandA zaikSa khiDDA jI zramaNa padamImAMsA va jina Rjugata ka prAjJa sudurjayA / sthirA kAntA prabhA bIja jAgrata zubhecchA jAgrata yo vicAraNA mahA jAgrata ga tanumAnasA jAgrata svapna va sattvApatti svapna si asaMsakti svapna jAgrata STha padArthAbhAvinI suSupti tUryagA parA .2100 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anazIlana

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yoga viMzikA meM vikAsakAlIna avasthA ke sUcaka pAMca sAdhanoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai- 1 sthAna, 2 urNa, 3 artha, 4 AlaMbana, 5 niraalNbn| vaidika paramparA meM bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI kAphI carcAeM haiN| maharSi pAtaMjali ne vikAsa kI naI vyavasthAeM dI jo aSTAMga yoga ke nAma se vikhyAta haiM-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA, smaadhi| pro. rAnaDe ne AdhyAtmika jIvana-vikAsa ke liye kucha binduoM para prakAza DAlA hai1. jijJAsA kA stara- jijJAsA kA udbhava ho anyathA Atma-vikAsa kI bhUmikA nahIM bntii| prathama kadama hai- AtmA ko dekho| 2. svayaM kA bodha-'vijAnIyAdahamasmIti puruSa' yaha puruSa maiM hI huuN| pichale stara se yaha kucha unnata stara hai| isase dRSTi antarmukhI banatI hai| 3. AtmA se tAdAtmya-'ayamAtmAbrahma' yaha AtmA hI brahma hai| brahma bhAva kI anubhuuti| isa krama se vikAsa kI dhArA vRddhiMgata hotI hai| 4. maiM hI brahma hUM-'ahaM brhmaasmi'| AtmA hI brahma hai| pAMcaveM stara para (sarva . khalvidaM brahma) saba-kucha brahma hai| isa prakAra jIva kI AdhyAtmika utkrAMti meM sabhI darzanoM kI AsthA rahI hai| Atma-vikAsa ke sAre par3Ava, utthAna-patana kI sabhI prakriyAeM guNasthAnoM se abhivyakta hotI haiN| unnati kA Adi bindu hai-smygdrshn| carama bindu mokSa hai| saMdarbha-sUcI 1. mahApurANa sarga 3 zloka 19 / 20 / 2. prajJApanA TIkA sU. 234 / 3. gommaTasAra jIva kANDa gA. 186 / 4. darzana kI rUparekhA pR. 51 / 5. vahI, pa. 59 / 6. sUtrakRtAMga sU. 2 zrutaskaMdha, a. 4 sU. 8 / 7. tattvArtha vArtika, 97 / 11 / 604 / 17 / 8. pramANa mImAMsA pR. 43 / 9. mAThara kA. 27 / 10. bhAratIya manovijJAna pR. 136 / vikAsavAda : eka ArohaNa

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11. Ayurvedika padArtha vijJAna pR. 141 / 12. darzana zAstra kA paricaya pR. 280 / 13. sarvArtha siddha 2 / 11 / 282 / 14. vhii| 15. paMcAdhyAyI 713-714 / 16. bhAratIya darzana (DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan) 17. uttarAdhyayana, 25 / 32 / 18. adhyAtmasAra 2 / 2 / 19. adhyAtmopaniSad 1 / 2 / 20. vizuddhi mArga, bhA. 1 pR.8| 21. tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 18 / 22. karmagrantha 4 gA. 1 / 23. samayasAra gA. 55 / 24. gommaTasAra gA. 10 (jIvakANDa) 25. SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalAvRtti, prathama khaMDa pR. 160 / 161 / 26. jaina tattva prakAza, pR. 417, 18, 21, 22 / 27. bhAva saMgraha, gA. 16 pR. 11 / taM pi hu paMcapayAraM niyaro sthaMta viNaya sNjutN| saMsaya aNNANaM gayaM, viparIyo hoi puNa bNbho| 28. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 9 / 1 / 13 / 29. loka prakAza, sarga 3 / tIvradhAra pazu kalpA'pUrvAkhya karaNena hi| AviSkRtya paraM vIryaM granthiM bhindanti kecn| 30. pravacana sAroddhAra dvAra, 224 gA. 1302 (TIkA) 31. loka prakAza 627, atha nivRtti karaNe nAti svcchaashyaatmnaa| karotyantarakaraNamantarmuhurta saMmitam / 32. caudaha guNasthAna, pR. 104 / AsvAdanena sahavartate iti saasvaadnm| 33. guNasthAna kramAroha gA. 16 / AyurvadhnAti na jIvo mizrastho na vaa| 34. rAjendra jyoti pR. 83 / 35. majjhima nikAya, suta 2 / 36. yogavaziSTha utpatti prakaraNa sarga, 92 pR. 387 / 37. yogadRSTi samuccaya, zloka 11 / adhyAtma vijJAna, yoga pravezikA pR. 16 / 38. yoga bindu zloka 31 / / adhyAtma bhAvanA dhyAnaM, samatA vRtti saMkSayaH / mokSeNayojanAd yoga eSa shresstthoythottrm| .212 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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ORIGUINGIUOVUUGIIGIPIIIIII6290 CIVIU GUGGJIGJUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU saptama adhyAya mokSa kA svarUpa-vimarza * vibhinna dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA * mokSa kI paribhASA * mukti zabda kA abhipreta artha vAcyatA * mukti ke paryAya * jIva ke mukta hone kI prakriyA * mukta jIvoM kA Urdhvagamana * siddha zilA ke paryAya * siddhoM ke maulika guNa * maktAtmA kI avagAhanA * mokSa aura mokSa prApti kA mArga * baMdhana se mukti kI ora prasthAna kI prakriyA * mokSa prApti ke pUrva kI kucha vizeSa bhUmikAeM OUUUUUUUUUUUGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG OGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGO

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mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza jIvana eka yAtrA hai| usakI pUrNAhUti hai-mokss| mokSa hI eka aisI dhurI hai jise AdhAra mAna kara sabhI tattvaciMtaka kriyAzIla haiN| sabhyatA ke uSAkAla se hI mAnava-astitva kI samasyA ke sambandha meM vividha vicAra-paddhatiyAM vidyamAna rahI haiN| jinameM eka Adhunika bhautikavAda ke janaka vRhaspati dvArA prasthApita pUrNatayA aihika hai| dUsarI pAralaukika jisakI AtmA, karma, punarjanma aura mokSa meM AsthA hai| astitvavAdI vicAradhArA kA kendra-bindu hai- mokss| puruSArtha catuSTya meM mokSa kA pramukha sthAna hai| dharma sAdhana hai| mokSa sAdhya hai| jIvana-pravAha kA viziSTa lakSya mokSa hai| use pAne se pUrva AtmA ko janma-mRtyu kI lambI paramparA se gujaranA par3atA hai| Aja vijJAna bhI jIvana ko nirUddezya nahIM maantaa| jaba cArlsa DArvina ne krama-vikAsa ke siddhAMta kI ghoSaNA kI taba jIva-vijJAna ke kSetra meM halacala maca gaI thii| unhoMne Theory of Evolution' arthAt krama vikAsa ke siddhAMta dvArA jIvana ke krama ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| unhoMne kahA-vizva meM jitanI yoniyAM (Species) dikhAI detI haiM ve saba kI saba eka krama se baMdhI huI haiN| isa krama ko vikAsa kA krama (Process of Evolution) kahakara pukaaraa| ___isa siddhAMta kI carcA kA niSkarSa yahI hogA ki jIvana-pravAha kA prAraMbha amIbA (jIvANukoSa) se hotA hai| vividha yoniyoM ko pAra karatA huA manuSya yoni taka AtA hai| vikAsavAda kI yahI pUrNAhUti hai| jaina darzana jIvana pravAha ko anAdi-ananta mAnatA hai| pravAha satat pravahamAna eka saritA hai| janma se pUrva ke bhAga aura mRtyu ke bAda ke bhAga ko nahIM dekha pAte isase jIvana kA astitva nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha dRSTi kI sImA hai| dRSTi-zakti kI paricchinnatA deha aura mana ke parade ke kAraNa upajatI haiN| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza - 215.

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jo isa parade ko uThAne meM samartha hai vahI jIvana kI nityatA samajha pAtA hai| usake liye kAla ke tInoM bheda samApta ho jAte haiN| bhAratIya darzana kI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai-mokSa kA cintn| mokSa kA saMpratyaya bhAratIya darzanoM kI amUlya nidhi hai| mokSa vaha avasthA hai jahAM se punarAgamana nahIM hotaa| vibhinna dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mokSa kI avadhAraNA sAMkhya darzana meM prakRti evaM puruSa kA viveka hI mokSa hai| AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika yA Adhidaivika duHkhatraya se Atyantika nivRtti tathA svAbhAvika sthiti kI prApti hI mokSa hai|' gItA meM bhI kRSNa kahate haiM jahAM jAkara vApasa lauTanA nahIM par3atA vahI merA dhAma hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM-duHkha kA atyanta viyoga hI mokSa hai| unake abhimata se muktAvasthA meM buddhi, sukha-duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, jJAna Adi nau vizeSa guNa AtmA se apagata ho jAte haiM kyoMki inakI utpatti zarIrAzrita hai| zarIra ke abhAva meM unakA abhAva ho jAtA hai| advaita vedAnta meM jIvAtmA evaM AtmA ke tAdAtmya kI upalabdhi mokSa hai| baMdhana avidyA se hotA hai| vidyA se unakI nivRtti| advaita ke anusAra mukti na prApya hai| na utpaady| vaha sAkSAtkAra kA viSaya haiN| mImAMsakoM ne AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA ko hI mokSa mAnA hai|' baMdhana tIna haiM-bhogAyatana (zarIra) bhoga sAdhana (indriyAM) bhoga-viSaya (samasta jAgatika pdaarth)| ina baMdhanoM se mukta ho jAnA mokSa hai| jaina darzana meM samasta karma samUha kA Atyantika kSaya mokSa hai| yoga evaM kaSAya tathA prakaMpana aura vega kA sarvathA abhAva mokSa hai| AtmA kI pUrNa anAvRta avsthaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra AtmA kI svataMtratA mokSa hai| baMdhana kA sarvathA abhAva mokSa hai| AtmA kI svarUpAvasthA mokSa hai| mahAvIra ne mokSa ke svarUpa aura sthAna donoM ke sambandha meM sayauktika vivecana kiyA hai| samasta karmoM ke vilaya hone para AtmA ke nirmala evaM nizcala svarUpa kI prApti mokSa hai| jaina paramparA meM mokSa zabda vizeSa rUpa se vyavahRta huA hai| mokSa kA sIdhA artha hai-chuuttnaa| anAdikAla se jina karmoM ne bAMdha rakhA hai| una baMdhanoM kI parataMtratA ko kATa dene para jo baMdhA thA vaha svataMtra ho jAtA hai| yahI usakI mukti hai| - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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mokSa kI paribhASA mokSa zabda 'Asane' dhAtu se banA hai| tAtparya hai-karmoM kA uccheda ho jaanaa| baMdhanoM se chUTa jAnA mokSa hai| akalaMka'0 aura vidyAnaMdI1 ne AtmasvarUpa ke lAbha hone ko mokSa kahA hai| mukti zabda vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se 'muca' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hai-mocn| jIva kA samasta karmoM se mukta ho jaanaa| jaba AtmA 2 karma rUpI deha se apane ko alaga kara detA hai usa samaya usameM svAbhAvika guNodaya hotA hai use mokSa kahate haiN| mukti zabda kA abhipreta artha vAcyatA mukti zabda kA abhipreta artha hai- saMpUrNa karma viyog|13 mukti zabda bhAvavAcaka saMjJA hai| isakA vAcyArtha hai- baMdhana se chUTane kI kriyA yA bhaav| mukti ke paryAya amara koza meM-mukti, kaivalya, nirvANa, zreya, niHzreya, amRta, mokSa, apavarga Adi abhivacana haiN| ekArthaka haiN|14 mokSa, nirvANa16, bahirvihAra'7, siddha loka 8, anuttara gati9, pradhAna gati20, sugati21, varagati22, UrdhvadizA23, durAroha24, apunarAvRtta25, zAzvata26, avyAbAdha27, lokottama28 Adi samAnArthaka zabdoM kA ullekha AgamoM meM yatra-tatra upalabdha hai| bauddha darzana meM mokSa ke sthAna para nirvANa zabda kA prayoga milatA hai jo lokAtIta avasthA kA ghotaka hai| svayaM buddha kahate haiM-isa avasthA kI abhivyakti ke liye unake pAsa koI zabda nahIM hai| unhoMne nirvANa ko 'acyuta sthAna' kahA hai|29 yaha acala, ajara, amara, kSemapada hai| anivarcanIya, avAcya evaM avaktavya hai| nirvANa kA mukhya AdhAra karma kSaya hai| milinda prazna meM nirvANa kA varNana isa prakAra hai- tRSNA ke nirodha ho jAne se upAdAna kA nirodha ho jAtA hai| upAdAna-nirodha se bhava-nirodha, bhavanirodha se janma nahIM hotaa| punarjanma nahIM hone se vRddhAvasthA, maranA, zoka, ronA, pITanA, duHkha, becainI aura parezAnI sabhI ruka jAte haiN| isa taraha nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai| yaha eka yathArtha sthiti hai, jahAM saMsAra kA aMta ho jAtA hai aura eka varNanAtIta zAMti prApta hotI hai|30 mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 217.

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jaina darzana kA ciMtana gaharA hai| nirvANa zabda kI vyAkhyA karatA hai ki dIpaka kA bujha jAnA nahIM apitu rUpAntaraNa ho jAnA hai| vaise hI jIva kA nirvANa bhI astitva kI zUnyatA nahIM, varan avyAbAdha kA prApta ho jAnA hai| nirvANa AtmA kI paripUrNa vikAsa dazA kA nAma hai| rAgAtmaka saMskAroM kA saMpUrNa vilaya hI nirvANa hai| janma-maraNa kI paramparA kA samUla uccheda nirvANa hai| samasta dvandvoM se uparata ho jAnA nirvANa hai|31 __ jainAgamoM meM mokSa tattva para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA haibhAvAtmaka, abhAvAtmaka aura anirvcniiy| bhAvAtmaka pakSa se mokSAvasthA ko nirvANa kahA hai|32 mokSa, bAdhaka tattvoM kA unmUlana evaM Atma-guNoM kI spaSTa abhivyakti hai| ATha karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne se ananta catuSTya hI nahIM, AtmA ke saMpUrNa guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa ho jAtA hai| jaise- sarvajJatva, sarvadarzitva, prakAzatva, amUrtatva, akartRtva, abhoktRtva, akAryakAraNatva, agurulaghutva, aTala avagAhanA aadi| abhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se AcArAMga ke AdhAra para citraNa isa prakAra hai-muktAtmAoM ke karmajanya upAdhiyoMkA abhAva hotA hai| muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hrasva hai, na trikoNa hai, na catuSkoNa, na vRttAkAra hai, na parimaNDala saMsthAna vAlA hai| varNa, gaMdha, rasa sparza se mukta hai| na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na napuMsaka hai|33 anivarcanIya dRSTikoNa se bhI AcArAMga meM sundara vyAkhyA hai savve sarA NiyaTati, takkA jattha Na vijji| mai tattha Na gAhiyA; oe appatidvANassa kheynnnne|34 samasta svara vahAM se lauTa Ate haiN| vANI mUka ho jAtI hai| tarka kI vahAM taka pahuMca nahIM hai| buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| anupama hai| arUpI hai| zabdoM ke dvArA avyAravyeya hai-"uvamANa vijjai, arUvI sattA apayassa payaM ntthi|" bauddha darzana meM kosaladeza kA rAjA pasenadI aura bhikSuNI khemA ke bIca jo rocaka saMvAda huA, usameM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA ki nirvANa eka varNanAtIta avasthA hai| jisa prakAra gaMgA kI bAlU athavA samudrajala ke binduoM kI gaNanA saMbhava nahIM, nirvANa ke sambandha meM yahI sthiti hai| uttara denA asaMbhava hai| .218 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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AcArya haribhadra ne kahA- paribhASAoM meM bheda ho sakatA hai para tattva meM koI aMtara nahIM / saMsArAtIta tattva jise nirvANa kahate haiM, aneka nAmoM se prasiddha hai kintu eka hI hai / 35 upaniSada meM aisA hI sAmya sUtra upalabdha hai- "yato vAcA nivartante, aprApya manasA saha / AnandaH brahmaNo vidvAna, na vibheti kadAcana / " jIva ke mukta hone kI prakriyA jisa prakAra anukUla pavana se naukA pAra pahuMcatI hai, vaisI hI zuddha bhAvanA se AtmA mukta hotI hai| jIva 7 kA kramika Aroha jAnane kI dRSTi se dazavaikAlika kA caturtha adhyayana bahuta upayogI hai| vahAM ArohaNa kI sopAna vIthiyoM kA suvyavasthita Akalana hai| vaidika38 darzana meM mukta hone kI krama vyavasthA meM cAra pahaluoM kA ullekha hai divya ke sAtha ghaniSThatA / divya ke sAtha svarUpa kI samAnatA jo usake teja ko pratibimbita karatI hai| 3. sAlokya 4. sAyujya divya ke sAtha eka hI loka meM saceta / saha astitva / divya ke sAtha saMyoga jo ekarUpatA ke samAna hai| vaidika aura avaidika darzanoM meM mukti kI krama vyavasthA meM kahIM saMkSipta, kahIM vistAra se varNana milatA hai| 1. sAmIpya 2. sArUppa - - mukta jIvoM kA Urdhvagamana mukta jIva sthUla aura sUkSma donoM zarIra se mukta avigraha gati se vahAM pahuMcatA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM mukta jIva ke Urdhvagamana ke 4 kAraNa batAye haiM1 pUrva prayoga, 2 saMga kA abhAva, 3 baMdhana - mukta, 4 gati pariNAma / 1. pUrva prayoga 9 - ( pUrva prayogAt aviruddha kulAla cakravat) / jaisekuMbhAra kA cAka, DaMDA aura hAtha haTA dene para bhI pUrvaprApta vega ke kAraNa cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai vaise hI karma - mukta jIva pUrva karma se prApta vega ke kAraNa svabhAva se Urdhva gati karatA hai| prazna- bhaMte! kyA akarma ke gati hotI hai ? gautama ! hotI hai| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2190

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bhaMte! akarma ke gati kaise hotI hai ? gautama ! nissaMgatA, niraJjanatA, gati - pariNAma, baMdhana - chedana, nirindhanatA aura pUrva prayoga ina kAraNoM se akarma ke gati kaise hotI hai ? gautama ! jaise koI puruSa sUkhe, nizchidra aura nirupahata tumbe kA pahale parikarma karatA hai phira darbha aura kuza se usakA veSTana karatA hai| veSTana kara ATha miTTI ke lepoM se lIpatA hai| dhUpa meM sukhA detA hai / phira use athAha, ataraNAya puruSa se adhika gahare jala meM prakSipta karatA hai| gautama ! kyA vaha gurutA se, bhArIpana se jala meM nIce dharAtala para pratiSThita hotA hai ? hAM bhagavana ! hotA hai / yadi vaha lepa rahita, bhArIpana se mukta hokara kyA jala meM nIce jAyegA ? nhiiN| vaha upara hI tairatA hai / gautama ! isI prakAra nissaMgatA Adi kAraNoM se akarma ke gati hotI hai| bhaMte! baMdhana kA chedana hone se akarma ke gati kaise hotI hai ? gautama ! jaise koI gola cane kI phalI, mUMga kI phalI, ur3ada kI phalI, zAlmalI kI phalI yA eraNDa phala dhUpa lagane se sUkha jAtA hai| usake bIja prasphuTita ho Upara kI ora uchala jAte haiN| isI prakAra baMdhana-chedana hone para akarma ke gati hotI hai| bhaMte! nirindhana hone se akarma ke gati kaise hotI hai ? gautama ! jaise IMdhana se mukta dhueM kI gati svabhAva se hI kisI vyAghAta ke binA Upara kI ora hotI hai isI prakAra nirindhanatA se akarma kI gati hotI hai| bhaMte! pUrva prayoga se akarma ke gati kaise hotI hai ? gautama ! jaise dhanuSya se chUTe vANa kI nirvyAghAta lakSya kI ora gati hotI hai| isI prakAra pUrva prayoga se akarma ke gati hotI hai / -40 2. saMga kA abhAva - ( asaMgatvAt vyapagata lepAlAmbuvat) jaise aneka lepoM se yukta tumbI jala ke tala meM par3I rahatI hai kintu miTTI kI parateM haTate hI *220* jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jalAzaya ke UparI tala para A jAtI hai| vaha usakA svabhAva hai| isI prakAra pratibaMdha karma dravya se mukta hote hI jIvAtmA lokAnta ke agrabhAga para avasthita hotA hai| mucyamAna jIva kI gati lokAnta taka hI hai, Age nahIM jA skte| 3. baMdhana kA chUTanA 1- (bandha chedAt eraNDa bIjavata) eraMDa bIja phalI ke TUTate hI chiTaka kara upara uThatA hai , vaise hI karma baMdha ke chedana se jIvAtmA Urdhvagati karatA hai| 4. gati pariNAma42-(gati pariNAmAcca agni zikhAvacca) agni zikhA svabhAva se hI Upara kI ora uThatI hai vaise hI jIva kI svAbhAvika zakti evaM gati ke rokane vAle karmoM ke naSTa hote hI jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai| bhagavatI meM akarmA kI gati ke hetuoM kA varNana hai| 'goyamA ! nissaMgayAe, niraMgaNayAe, gati parimANeNaM, baMdha chedANayAe, niraMdhaNayAe, puvva paogeNaM akammassa gati paNaNNAyati'-43 nissaMgatA, niraMjanatA, gati pariNAma, baMdhana-chedana, nirindhanatA,jaise agni zikhA kI svabhAvataH Urdhvagati hai| pUrva prayoga se akarmA kI Urdhvagati hotI hai| mukta44 AtmA kI lokAnta se Age gati nhiiN| kAraNa gati sahAyaka dharmAstikAya kA vahAM abhAva hai| lokAnta meM jAkara jIva vahIM sthAna vizeSa para pratiSThita ho jAte haiN| mahAvIra se pUchA- mukta jIva kahAM pratihata hote haiM? kahAM pratiSThita hote haiM ? kahAM zarIra chor3ate haiM ? kahAM jAkara siddha hote haiM ? uttara meM kahA- aloka meM pratihata hai| lokAgra meM pratiSThita hai| manuSya loka meM zarIra chor3ate haiN| lokAna meM siddha hote haiN|45 vahAM pahucane para punaH janma nahIM hotaa| AtmA vahAM zAzvata hai| jIva aura pudgala donoM gatizIla dravya haiN| aMtara itanA hai ki pudgala kI svAbhAvika gati adhomukhI hai aura jIva kI uurdhvgti| isaliye mukta hone para punaH saMsAra meM nahIM aate| __ sAMkhya 6 evaM vedAnta 7 bhI mukta AtmA kA saMsAra meM punarAgamana nahIM maante| gItA meM jaba-jaba dharma kA hrAsa hotA hai taba dharma kI punaH pratiSThA ke liye bhagavAna punaravatAra lete haiN| AjIvaka8 matAnuyAyI tathA sadAzivavAdI bhI isa mAnyatA ke pakSadhara haiN| kintu yaha dhAraNA nyAyasaMgata nahIM lgtii| vyavahAra kI bhUmikA para jJAta hotA hai gurutva svabhAva vAle padArtha Upara se nIce Ate haiN| dhuAM Upara uThatA hai| mukta jIvoM kA svabhAva agurulaghu hai ataH Urdhvagamana sahaja hai| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza - 221.

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dUsarA tathya yaha hai ki mukta AtmAoM ke saMsAra meM Ane kA koI kAraNa hI nahIM rahA, ve saMsAra meM kaise A sakate haiM ? jahA daMDDhANaM vIyANaM na jAyaMti punnNkuraa| kammavIesu daDDhesu na jAyaMti bhvaaNkuraa||50 bIja ke dagdha ho jAne para aMkurita nahIM hote vaise hI karma mukta AtmAoM ke janma-maraNa nahIM hote| tarka uThatA hai, yadi muktAtmAoM kA punarAgamana nahIM hai to sabhI jIvoM ke mukta hone para kyA saMsAra jIvazUnya nahIM ho jAyegA? jaina darzana isa tarka ko AdhArahIna mAnatA hai| kAraNa jitane jIva mukta hote haiM utane hI jIva nigoda yA avyavahAra rAzi se vyavahAra rAzi meM A jAte hai / avyavahAra rAzi kA akSaya khajAnA kabhI khAlI nahIM hotaa| gommaTasAra53 meM bhI nirdeza hai ki ATha samaya adhika chaha mAsa meM jitane jIva mokSa meM jAte haiM utane hI nitya nigoda se nikala kara vyavahAra rAzi meM A jAte haiN| ___ isa prakAra jIvoM ke AyAta kI mAnyatA, jaina darzana kA gaharA aura talasparzI ciMtana hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| jaina darzanAnusAra saMsAra kabhI jIva zUnya ho nahIM sktaa| kyoMki bhavya jIvoM ke samAna abhavya 4 jIva bhI haiM, jinakI mukti kabhI trikAla meM bhI saMbhava nhii| abhavya ke sAthI kucha bhavya jIva bhI aise haiM, mokSa nahIM jAte ataH saMsAra ke khAlI hone kA saMdeha bhI vyartha hai| jIva rAzi anaMta hai| anaMta kA aMta kaise hogA? gaNitIya samIkaraNa meM bhI saMkhyA ke kSetra meM anaMta meM se anaMta ko nikAleM to kitane zeSa raheMge? uttara hogA-anaMta hii| anaMta kA aMta kabhI hogA hI nhiiN| pUrNasya pUrNamAdAya pUrNamevAvaziSyate (vR.u.a.5 prathama brAhmaNa1) yaha sUkta isakA saMvAdI kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM mokSa ke saMbaMdha meM nirUpaNa hai-"haMtA ? sijjhai, bujjhai muccai parinivvAi, savva dukkhANa aMtaM karei"55-yahAM mukta hone kI pAMca avasthAoM kA pratipAdana hai| 1. siddha honA - jisakA prayojana siddha ho gayA, vaha siddha avasthA hai| 2. prazAnta honA - bujha jaanaa| janma-mRtyu kI Aga bujha jAtI hai| .222 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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3. mukta honA samasta karmoM se mukta ho jAnA / gatirahita ho jAnA / 4. parinirvRta honA 5. duHkhamukta honA jahAM kisI prakAra kA duHkha nahIM rahatA / mukta hone kI arhatA para vicAra kareM to manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiMchadmastha aura kevalI | jinakA jJAna AvRta hai vaha chadmastha hai| jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ghAti karmoM ke kSINa hone para kevalI bana jAte haiN| chadmastha mukta nahIM ho sakatA / kevala mukta hotA hai | mukta hone ke liye sarvajJatA anivArya hai| nyAya-vaizeSika vAle sarvajJatA kI anivAryatA svIkAra nahIM krte| unake abhimata se mokSa jAne ke bAda bhI sarvajJa yogiyoM meM pUrNa jJAna zeSa nahIM rahatA kyoMki jJAna IzvarIya jJAna kI taraha nitya nahIM hai| yogajanya hone se anitya hai| mukti ke liye sarvajJatA Avazyaka nahIM, balki klezoM kA nAza honA Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya-yoga kI dhAraNA bhI nyAya-vaizeSika jaisI hI hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra mukti kA hetu 'viveka khyAti' hai| bauddha darzana meM mokSa ke liye bodhi jarUrI hai / usa vItarAgatA se mukti ho jAtI hai, sarvajJatA anivArya zarta nahIM hai / jaina darzana isakA prabala samarthaka hai ki mokSa ke liye sarvajJa honA jarUrI hai| pratyeka AtmA meM IzvarIya zakti vidyamAna hai| kArya-kAraNa kI paramparA cala rahI hai, usakA sarjaka puruSa hI hai| vahI apane prabala puruSArtha ke bala para usa dhArA ko mor3a bhI sakatA hai| sarvajJatA prApta kara sakatA hai| 57 karmoM se mukta honA hI mukti hai| saMgrahanaya kI apekSA mukti meM bheda nahIM hotA / 6 vaha eka hI prakAra kI hai kintu vyavahAra naya se dravya aura bhAva aise do bheda ho jAte haiN| AtmA se samasta karmoM kA alaga ho jAnA dravya mokSa hai / " karmakSaya meM hetubhUta AtmA kI vizuddha pariNAma dhArA bhAva mokSa hai / 8 yahI yathArtha hai / anAtmabhAva se mukta ho AtmabhAva meM sthita ho jAnA mokSa hai| yaha sarva mAnya hai kintu mokSa prApti kI yogyatA hara kisI meM nahIM hotii| usakI pRSThabhUmi kucha hetu anivArya apekSita haiN| jaise - 1. Arya deza, 2. uttama kula, 3. uttama jAti, 4. trasatva, 5. svastha zarIra, 6. Atma- bala, 7. dIrghAyu, 8. manuSyatva, mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2230

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9. paMcendriyatva, 10. samyaktva, 11. zIla saMprApti, 12. kSAyika bhAva, 13. kevala jJAna, 14. mokSa aadi| prazna yaha hai, mukta AtmAeM kahAM rahatI haiM ? unake rahane kA sthAna loka ke kisa bhAga meM hai ? kaisA hai ? ___ bhaktimArgI vedAntI ke mata se viSNu bhagavAna ke viSNuloka meM jo Urdhvaloka hai vahAM mukta jIvAtmA kA gamana hotA hai| jainetara loga jise viSNuloka, gauloka yA vaikuNThadhAma kahate haiN| bhAgavata 9 Adi darzanoM meM apunarbhava mukti ko mAnA hai| jo avasthA avyakta evaM akSara hai use paramagati kahate haiN| jaina darzana meM use mukti yA siddhAlaya kahA jAtA hai| vaha loka ke agrabhAga60 meM hai| mAnava kSetra evaM mukti kSetra kA AyAma- viSkaMbha samAna hai| samazreNI meM avasthita hai| donoM kI lambAI-caur3AI paiMtAlIsa lAkha yojana pramANa hai| paridhi gherA 1 karoDa 82 lAkha 30 hajAra dau so yojana se kucha adhika hai| siddhazilA61 zveta svarNamayI hai| zlakSNa hai| masRNa hai| komala, camakadAra aura nIraja-niSpaMka hai| chatte ke AkAra meM hai| madhyabhAga kI moTAI ATha yojana kI hai| aMtima chora makSikA ke pAMkha jaisA patalA hai| anaMta saMkhyA meM siddha AtmA vahAM rahatI haiN| vahAM janma-maraNa, jarA, vyAdhi kI pIr3A nhiiN| vaha bhUmi nirvANa, siddhi, avyAvAdha, lokAgra, ziva ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai|62 / / siva-mayala-marUa-maNaMta-makkhaya-mavvAvAha-apuNarAviti Adi aneka vizeSaNoM se mukti kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai___ziva - yaha kalyANa aura anaMta sukha kA arthavAcaka hai| siddhagati bhI anaMta sukha kI dAyikA hai| acala - vaha sthAna acala hai| aruja - rogamukta hai| anaMta __ - antarahita hai| siddhoM kA jJAna bhI anaMta hai| akSaya - siddhagati kA kabhI kSaya nahIM hotaa| unakI avagAhanA aTala hai| avyAvAdha - pIr3AvyAdhi rahita hai| apunarAvRtti - punarAgamana nahIM hotaa| .224. -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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mukti-sthAna svayaM prakAzamaya hai, sUrya-candra ke prakAza kI vahAM apekSA nahIM hai| gommaTasAra63, dhavalA Adi meM bhI siddha zilA kA varNana hai| siddha zilA ke paryAya aupapAtika sUtra meM bAraha nAmoM kA ullekha hai64- 1 ISat, 2 ISat prArabhArA, 3 tana, 4 tanUtanU, 5 siddhi, 6 siddhAlaya, 7 mukti, 8 muktAlaya, 9 lokAgra, 10 lokAgra stupikA, 11 lokAgra pratibodhanA, 12 nirvANa / siddha bhagavAna kI vahAM avasthiti ke kAraNa use siddha-kSetra bhI kahA jAtA hai| siddhoM ke bhI aneka paryAvAcI nAma haiN| aupapAtika Adi AgamoM meMsiddha, buddha, pAragata, paraMparAgata, unmukta, ajara, amara, asaMga Adi nAmoM kA ullekha hai| uvavAIsUtra65 meM siddha azarIrI tathA anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana Adi guNoM meM avasthita hote haiN| uttarAdhyayana66 a.23 meM jIva ke amaratva evaM nirvANa ke viSaya meM parUpita hai ki 'vaha surakSita hai, nitya hai evaM zAMta hai| vahAM pahuMcanA duSkara hai phira bhI maharSiyoM ne prApta kiyA hai| ve duHkhoM se mukta, janma-maraNa se mukta haiN| jyotirmaya caitanya haiN|' tattvArtha sUtra meM kahA- nirvANa meM samasta Asrava evaM baMdha ke kAraNa nirjIva ho jAte haiN| vaidika darzana meM muktAtmA ke amRtatva ko neti-neti kahakara vyakta kiyA hai| AcArya zivakoTi68 ne siddhoM ke svarUpa kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA haiakaSAyatva, avedatva, akArakatva, zarIra rahitatva, acelatva, alepatva / siddhoM ke maulika guNa siddhoM ke maulika guNa ATha haiN| ATha karmoM ke kSaya hone se una guNoM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai1 kevala jJAna 5. aTala avagAhana 2 kevala darzana 6. amUrti 3. asaMvedana 7. agurulaghu 4. AtmaramaNa 8. niraMtarAya samasta karma samUha se pRthak hote hI cAra bAteM ghaTita hotI haiM1. aupazamika bhAvoM kI vyucchitti, 2. zarIra se mukti, 3. Rjugati se Urdhvagamana, 4 lokAnta meM avsthiti|69 mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza .225.

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___ prazna uThatA hai, siddha (muktAtmA) lokAnta se Age kyoM nahIM jAte? sthAnAMga sUtra meM isake cAra karaNoM kA ullekha hai 1. Age gati kA abhAva hone se, dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone se, 2. dharmAstikAya loka kI sImA para niyantA ke rUpa meM khar3A hai jisake kAraNa jIva apanI yAtrA usI sImA taka kara sakate haiM, 3. lokAnta meM paramANuoM ke rukSa hone se, 4. anAdikAlIna svabhAva hone se| prazna : mukta AtmAoM meM indriya, mana, buddhi Adi kA abhAva hai| taba atIndriya kevala jJAna se padArthoM ko kaise jAnate haiM? uttara : kevalajJAna darpaNa ke samAna hai| jaise darpaNa meM padArtha sAmane Ate hI pratibimba par3atA hai| vaise hI kevalajJAna meM sabhI padArtha pratibimbita ho jAte haiN| unheM padArtha jAnane ke liye prayatna nahIM karanA pdd'taa| prazna : eka sthAna meM aneka siddha kaise rahate haiM ? uttara : jaise eka kamare meM aneka balvoM yA dIpakoM kA prakAza paraspara mila jAtA hai| TakarAtA nahIM , vaise hI mukta jIvoM ke jyotirmaya Atma pradeza paraspara avagADha hokara sthita ho jAte haiN| eka haoNla meM dhUpa jlaayaa| sugaMdha pUre haoNla meM vyApta hai| dhUpa hai| havA hai| saMgIta hai| vyakti bhI baiThe haiN| koI sugaMdha kA kaNa na dhvani se TakarAtA hai| na dhUpa ke aNu havA ke aNuoM ko bAhara nikAlate haiN| na sthAna khAlI karanA par3atA hai| na kisI ko kisI se zikAyata hai, na sthAna kA abhAva mahasUsa kiyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti mokSa kI hai| jisa prakAra 1 nadiyAM samudra meM jAkara vilupta ho jAtI haiM, apane pRthak nAma-rUpa ko khokara samudra meM ekAkAra dikhatI haiM isI prakAra jJAnI-puruSa nAmarUpa se mukta ho jyoti meM jyoti rUpa vilIna ho jAte haiN| sabhI darzanoM ke aMtima sAdhya ke saMdarbha meM cintana kareM to do pakSa sAmane Ate haiN| prathama pakSa kA aMtima sAdhya sukha nhiiN| unake abhimata kA AdhAra yaha hai ki mokSa meM zAzvata sukha nAmaka koI svataMtra vastu nahIM hai| usameM jo-kucha hai duHkha kI Atyantika nivRtti hai| dUsarA pakSa zAzvata sukha ko mokSa kahatA hai| vaizeSika, naiyAyika, sAMkhya, jaina darzana ke AdhAra para mukta jIvoM kA sukha zAzvata hai| anaMta aura anupama hai|72 vizva meM koI bhI aisA upameya dRSTipatha meM *226 - - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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nahIM AtA jisase mokSa-sukhoM ko upamita kiyA jA ske| avarNanIya hai| anupameya hai| atulanIya hai| svarga73 meM devoM ke traikAlika sukhoM ko anaMta se guNA kiyA jAye to bhI mokSa-sukha ke eka kSaNa ke sukha kI tulanA meM nahIM A skte| usI prakAra eka muktAtmA ke sarva kAla kI saMcita sukharAzi ko anaMta vargamUla se vibhAjita karane para jaba eka samaya kI sukharAzi zeSa rahe, vaha bhI sAre AkAza meM samA nahIM sktii|74 nirvANa zabda kI vyAkhyA bhI duHkha nivRtti aura sukha ke Atyantika svarUpa kI ora hI saMketa hai| abhidhamma mahAvibhASA meM 'nirvANa' zabda kI vyutpattiyAM isa prakAra haiM-nira kA artha hai chodd'naa| 'vANa' kA artha punarjanma, arthAt punarjanma ke sabhI rAstoM ko chor3a denaa| dUsarA artha hai- vANa yAnI durgandha, nir yAnI nhiiN| duHkha dene vAle karmoM kI durgandhatA se pUrNatayA mukta hai| 'vANa' kA tIsarA artha ghanA jaMgala hai aura nir kA artha hai sthAyI rUpa se chuTakArA pAnA / 'vANa' kA caturtha kA artha hai bunnaa| nir kA artha nahIM hai| ataH nirvANa aisI sthiti hai jo sabhI prakAra ke duHkha dene vAle karma rUpI dhAgoM se jo janma-maraNa kA dhAgA bunate haiM unase pUrNa mukti hai| muktAtmA kI avagAhanA (AkAra) jisa zarIra se jIva mukta hotA hai 75, usa zarIra kA jitanA AkAra hotA hai usase tRtIya bhAga nyUna vistAra kSetra meM Atma-pradeza vyApta ho jAte haiN| aMtima zarIra se tRtIya bhAga nyUna hone kA kAraNa hai zarIra meM kucha aMgopAMga khokhale hote haiN| unameM Atma-pradeza nahIM hote| isa dRSTi se nyUnatA kA ullekha hai| muktAtmAoM meM jo AkRti kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| vaha aMtima zarIra ke AdhAra para hai| unameM rUpAdi kA abhAva hai| tathApi AkAza pradeza meM jo Atmapradeza Thahare hue haiM usa apekSA se AkAra kahA hai| prazna yaha hai- mukta jIvoM ke zarIra nahIM hai isaliye Atma-pradeza yA to aNurUpa yA vyApaka kyoM nahIM hote? pUrva janma kI apekSA tRtIya bhAga nyUna kahA hai isake pIche rahasya kyA hai ? samAdhAna yaha hai- saMsAra avasthA meM jIva ko zarIra parimANa mAnA hai| aNu yA vyApaka nhiiN| ataH mokSa meM bhI aNu aura vyApaka nahIM ho sktii| AtmA meM jo saMkoca-vistAra kI kSamatA karmajanya mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 227.

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zarIra ke phalasvarUpa hai| mukti meM zarIra na hone se tajjanya saMkoca - vistAra nahIM hai| muktAtmAoM meM avagAhanA aMtima zarIra ke AdhAra para mAnI hai| avagAhanA ke tIna prakAra hai- utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya / 1. utkRSTa avagAhanA - mukta jIva kI UMcAI 500 dhanuSya kI hotI hai to mukti-kSetra meM usake Atma pradeza 333 dhanuSya 32 aMgula UMcAI meM vyApta hote haiN| 2. madhyama avagAhanA - muktAtmA ke deha kI UMcAI sAta hAtha kI ho to usake Atma-pradeza 4 hAtha 16 aMgula kI UMcAI rhegii| 3. jaghanya avagAhanA - muktAtmA yadi 2 hAtha kI ho to usake Atmapradeza 1 hAtha evaM 8 aMgula kI UMcAI vAle hoNge| jaghanya aura utkRSTa avagAhanA ke bIca madhyama UMcAI ke aneka prakAra ho sakate haiN| prazna hotA hai nirAkAra AtmA kA AkAra kaise ? jaina darzana sApekSavAdI hai / nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM ko lekara calatA hai | nizcaya dRSTi se muktAtmA nirAkAra hai kintu vyavahAra dRSTi se jisa saMsthAna se siddha hote haiM / usakA do tihAI bhAga vahAM hotA hai| mukta hone kI prakriyA eka jaisI hai kintu mukta hone ke pUrva kI jo avasthA hotI hai| usake AdhAra para pandraha prakAra hote haiM 1. tIrtha siddha 4. atIrthaMkara 7. buddhabodhita 10. napuMsaka liMga 13. gRha liMga 2. atIrtha siddha 5. svayaM buddha 8. strI liMga 11. svaliMga 14. eka siddha 3. tIrthaMkara 6. pratyeka buddha 9. puruSa liMga 12. anyaliMga 15. aneka siddha uttarAdhyayana meM kucha alaga prakAra se bheda kiye haiM 1. strIliMga 2. puruSa liMga 4. svaliMga 5. anyaliMga 7. utkRSTa avagAhanA vAle 9. jaghanya avagAhanA vAle 11. adholoka se 13. jala meM siddha 228 3. napuMsaka liMga 6. gRhaliMga 8. madhyama avagAhanA vAle 10. Urdhvaloka se 12. tiryak loka se 14. samudra meM siddha jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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naMdI sUtra 6 aura prajJApanA meM siddha jIvoM ke anaMtara evaM paraspara do bheda haiN| anaMtara siddhoM ke pandraha prakAra haiN| jinakA Upara jikra kara cuke haiN| mokSa aura mokSa prApti kA mArga bhAratIya darzana mUlyaparaka darzana hai| mUlyoM kI mahattA aura upAdeyatA deza, kAla se AkrAMta nahIM hotii| sadA jIvaMta hai| prAcIna vAGmaya meM cAra prakAra ke puruSArtha kI carcA hai| dharma, artha, kAma aura mokss| inheM mUlyoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kareM to sarvocca mUlya hai-mokss| pazcimI jagata meM naitikatA evaM samAja hitakArI pravRttiyoM kI pradhAnatA hai vahAM bhAratIya manISiyoM ne duHkhoM ke Atyantika vinAza ko mukhyatA dekara isase saMdarbhita sabhI viSayoM ko antargarbhita kara diyA hai| mukhya dhyeya hai-mokss-praapti| bauddha darzana ke anusAra mokSa meM jIva kA abhAva hai| vidyAnandI ne kahA-bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki mokSa meM jIva ke abhAva ko siddha karane vAlA na to koI nirdoSa pramANa hai, na koI samyak hetu| dIpaka bujha jAne se prakAza kA aMta mAnanA bhI anucita hai| prakAza kA aMta nahIM hotA balki taijas paramANu aMdhakAra meM rUpAntarita ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra mokSa meM jIva kA vinAza nahIM, karma kSaya hote hI AtmA apanI zuddha cetanAvasthA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| ___ mukta jIva sarvalokavyApI bhI nahIM hote| kAraNa saMsArI jIva ke saMkocavistAra kA hetu zarIra nAma karma hai| mokSa meM nAma karma kA abhAva hai| ataH kAraNa ke binA kArya saMbhava nhiiN| nyAya-vaizeSika, kumArila bhaTTa Adi kA siddhAMta hai ki buddhi, sukhaduHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma; adharma, saMskAra prabhRti kA samUla uccheda honA hI mokSa hai| jainoM ko mokSa kA yaha svarUpa mAnya nahIM hai|77 advaita vedAntI mokSa ko jJAna svarUpa na mAnakara kevala ananta sukha svarUpa mAnate haiM, Ananda ko cidrUpatA kI taraha ekAnta nitya mAnanA jainoM ko svIkAra nhiiN| saMsAra meM ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya koI vastu nahIM hai balki nityAnitya hai| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza / 229.

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mokSa AtmA kI vaha vizuddha avasthA hai jisameM usakA kisI bhI vijAtIya tattva ke sAtha saMyoga nahIM rhtaa| AtmA sva-svarUpa meM sthira ho jAtI hai| aba hameM mokSa-mArga para ciMtana karanA hai| mArga kA artha hai- khoj|78 jisameM mokSa mArga kA anveSaNa hotA hai, vaha mokSa mArga kahalAtA hai| mokSa prApya hai| mArga hai- usakI prApti kA upaay| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM mArga ke samAnArthaka kucha zabdoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaise-paMtha, mArga, nyAya, vidhi, dhRti, sugati, hita, sukha, pathya, zreya, nivRtti, nirvANa, ziva aadi| inakI dravya-bhAva rUpa se vivakSA kI gaI hai| saMkSepa meM mukti kA patha hai- kSAyika bhaav| vistAra se samyak jJAna (Right Knowledge) samyak darzana (Right Belief) samyak cAritra (Right Conduct) / mokSa prApti ke liye kahIM samyak jJAna ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai to kahIM samyak darzana ko evaM kahIM samyak cAritra ko| AcArAMga meM jJAna ko hI karma bandhana tor3ane kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana mAnA hai kintu yaha koI mahattvapUrNa antara nahIM hai kyoMki mokSa-prApti meM tInoM sAdhana eka-dUsare se sambaddha haiN| ataH eka ke ullekha se tInoM para apratyakSa rUpa se prakAza par3atA hai| uttarAdhyayana 9 meM samyak jJAna-darzana-cAritra aura tapa rUpa caturvidha mokSa-mArga kA vidhAna hai| tapa kA samAveza cAritra meM kiyA jAtA hai isaliye tIna ratna kA hI adhika ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| ratnatrayI mokSa prApti ke hetu haiN| inakI tulanA vaidika paramparA meM bhakti, jJAna aura karma se tathA bauddhoM ke zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA se kI jA sakatI hai| pUrNatA kI prApti ke liye ina tInoM ke pArthakya ke badale trayI kI saMyukta avasthA Avazyaka hai| hRdaya, mastiSka aura hasta ke jaisA tInoM kA paraspara sambandha hai| tathAgata buddha ne 1 samyak dRSTi, 2 samyak saMkalpa, 3 samyak vAka, 4 samyak karmAnta, 5 samyak AjIvikA, 6 samyak vyAyAma, 7 samyak smRti, 8 samyak samAdhi ko Arya aSTAMga-mArga kahA hai| anya mArgoM meM inheM zreSTha mAnA hai|81 vaidika paramparA meM parama sattA ke tIna pakSa mAne haiM- satya, ziva aura sundr| satya kI upalabdhi ke liye jJAna, ziva kI upalabdhi ke liye sevA yA karma aura sundara kI upalabdhi ke liye bhAva va zraddhA hai| .230 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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gItA meM prakArAntara se praNipAta, pariprazna aura sevA kA bhI ullekha hai| praNipAta - zraddhA, pariprazna- jJAna aura sevA karma ke hI dyotaka haiN| upanaSidoM meM zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA kA nirUpaNa hai jo zraddhA, jJAna aura karma kA hI saMketa hai| vaizeSika, naiyAyika, sAMkhya, vedAnta jJAna ko atyadhika mahattva dete haiM / 82 kumAra bhaTTa ne karma aura jJAna ko, rAmAnuja ne bhakti ko mokSa mArga meM pramukha mAnA hai, jainoM ne ratnatrayI ko / jaina dArzanikoM ne tInoM kI samanviti para bala diyA hai| mUlAcAra meM upamA dekara samajhAyA hai- jahAja calAne vAlA niyAmaka jJAna hai| pavana ke sthAna para dhyAna hai / jahAja cAritra hai / ekAntavAda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unake anusAra darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM, jJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa meM nirmalatA nahIM AtI aura binA samyak AcaraNa ke mukti asaMbhava hai / 83 pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne tIna naitika Adeza batAye haiM- no dAiselpha (apane ko jAno) eksepTa dAiselpha (apane ko svIkAra karo) bI dAiselpha (apane meM bane raho / ) isa prakAra samanvaya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to jJAna, bhakti aura karma; zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra yaha mokSa mArga hai| zabda bheda hote hue bhI artha sAmya hai| vaidika bauddha gItA jaina darzana zIla jJAna cAritra satya ziva upaniSada zravaNa manana pAzcAtya darzana no dAiselpha eksepTa dAiselpha bI dAiselpha jJAna samAdhi bhakti prajJA karma nididhyAsana sundara Atma zakti kI vizuddha zraddhA, puSTa jJAna aura tadanurUpa pravRtti karane para hI sAdhaka sAdhya ko prApta kara skegaa| darzana zabda aneka arthoM kA saMvAhaka hai kintu jainAgamoM meM viziSTa artha meM isakA prayoga hai| darzana kA artha hai - AsthA, zraddhA, vizvAsa, bhakti Adi / jo vizvAsa yA AsthA Atmazuddhi, adhyAtma yA mokSa kI ora unmukha ho vaha samyagdarzana hai| samyag dRSTikoNa / AtmA zarIra rUpI pota dvArA 'ajJAna' ke vizAla mahAsAgara meM yAtrA karate-karate jaba saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAla ardhapudgala parAvartana pramANa zeSa rahatA hai taba samyag darzana kI yogyatA upalabdha hotI hai| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2310

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AtmA saMsAra meM jitane pudgala haiM, unameM se pratyeka kA vibhinna yoniyoM meM upabhoga-prayoga karatI hai| isa prakAra lokastha samagra pudgala paribhukta ho jAte haiM taba eka pudgala parAvartana kahA jAtA hai| aise ananta pudgala parAvartoM se jIva gujaratA hai vaha bhava-cakra kA rUpa hai| isa bhava-cakra meM do pudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahatA hai, taba dharma-zravaNa abhilASA jAgatI hai| DeDha pudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahane para dharma ke AcaraNa kI ruci paidA hotI hai| eka pudgala parAvartana kAla rahane se vItarAga patha para calane kA sAhasa hotA hai| AyuSya ke atirikta zeSa sAta karmoM kI kucha nyUna antaH kor3A-kor3I sAgaropama kI sthiti rahatI hai| yaha yathApravRttikaraNa hai| samyagdarzana kI prApti meM kramika vikAsa hotA hai| dehAdhyAsa kama hone lagatA hai| samyagdarzana kI yahI nizAnI hai| samyagdarzana kA mahattva jaina darzana meM hI nahIM, anyatra jainetara darzanoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| manu ne likhA hai- samyagdarzana se saMpanna vyakti karmabaddha nahIM hotaa| saMsAra meM paribhramaNa nahIM krtaa| upaniSada meM likhA hai- mokSa-prApti kA mArga ustare kI dhAra ke samAna tIkSNa hai jisa para calanA kaThina aura pAra karanA atyaMta kaThina hai|" jJAna se yathArtha bodha hotA hai| darzana se dRSTikoNa samyak banatA hai| cAritra se karmAdAna ruka jAtA hai| baMdhana se mukti kI ora prasthAna kI prakriyA karma-mukti kI prakriyA meM mUla upAdAna hai- saMvara evaM nirjraa| donoM ekadUsare ke pUraka haiN| saMvara kA artha hai- maryAdita jiivn-prnnaalii| apane astitva kA bodh| nirjarA pariSkAra kI kriyA, saMvara se karma-nirodha hotA hai| karmANuoM 6 kI pravahamAna dhArA ko badalane kA eka upakrama saMvara hai| saMvara ke abhAva meM nirjarA kA adhika mUlya nahIM hai| ___ jaina darzana meM saMvara ke do prakAra haiM- dravya saMvara, bhAva sNvr| karmANuoM ko rokane vAlA kAraNa dravya saMvara hai aura dravyAsrava kA avarodhaka AtmA kI caitasika sthiti bhAva saMvara hai|87 saMvara ke pAMca aMga haiM-samyaktva, vrata, apramAda, akaSAya, ayog| *2320 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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samyaktva -yathArtha dRssttikonn| virati- niyaMtrita jiivn-shailii| aprmaad-aatm-jaagRti| akaSAya-krodhAdi manovegoM kA abhaav| ayoga- pravRtti nirodha (akriyaa)| sthAnAMga meM saMvara ke ATha bhedoM kA bhI nirUpaNa hai9 pAMca indriya saMvara aura tIna yogoM kA sNvr| inake atirikta 57 bhedoM kA bhI vivecana AgamoM meM milatA hai| bauddha paramparA meM bhI saMvara zabda kA prayoga saMyama ke artha meM huA hai| kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika pravRttiyoM kA sNym| gItA meM saMvara zabda nahIM milatA kintu mana-vANI-zarIra aura indriyoM ke saMyama kA ciMtana avazya kiyA gayA hai| jaise- kachuA apane aMgoM ko sameTa letA hai| vaise hI sAdhaka saba ora se apanI indriyoM ke viSayoM ko vaza kara letA hai usakI buddhi sthira ho jAtI hai|90 nirjarA-saMvara kA kArya hai pravAha ko roknaa| bhItara kA zuddhikaraNa nirjarA kA kArya hai| nirjarA kA artha hai- jarjarita krnaa| alaga krnaa|91 pUrva baddha karmoM ko nirvIrya athavA phalarahita karanA nirjarA hai| AtmA ke sAtha karmaparamANuoM kA sambandha honA baMdha hai aura AtmA se alaga ho jAnA nirjarA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM ise eka rUpaka se spaSTa kiyA hai| kisI bar3e sarovara ke jala-srotoM ko baMda kara, usake bhItara kA jala ulIca kara nikAlA jAye tathA tApa se sukhAyA jAye to vizAla sarovara bhI sUkha jAtA hai| isa rUpaka meM AtmA sarovara hai| karma pAnI hai| karma kA Asrava jala Agamana kA srota hai| jalAgamana dvAroM ko roka denA saMvara hai| pAnI kA ulIcanA yA sukhAnA nirjarA hai| isa rUpaka se spaSTa hai ki saMvara se naye karma rUpI jala kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai| lekina pUrva meM baMdhe hue karmoM ko AtmA se haTAnA nirjarA hai| nirjarA yAnI AtmA kI ujjvalatA, vaha eka rUpa hai 92 kintu kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra kara usake bAraha bheda 3 batalAye haiN| jaise agni eka rUpa hote hue bhI nimitta bheda se kASThAgni, pASANAgni, tRNAgni Adi pRthak-pRthak saMjJA mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza .233.

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prApta hotI hai| vaise hI karma parizATana rUpa nirjarA eka rUpa hote hue bhI hetuoM kI apekSA anazana, unodarI, bhikSAcarI Adi bAraha bheda haiN| sakAma aura akAma rUpa nirjarA ke do vibhAga haiN| bAla tapa Adi se hone vAlI nirjarA akAma hai| mokSa prApti ke nizcaya meM hone vAlI nirjarA sakAma hai| saMvara aura nirjarA do aise sAdhana haiM jinase AsravoM ko kSINa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kaSAya ke nIra se abhiSikta ho karma kA camana pallavita hotA hai| kaSAya ke kSINa hone para rasaghAta, sthiti ghAta hotA hai| sthiti baMdha ke mUla meM pradeza baMdha hai| rasabaMdha ke mUla meM prakRti baMdha hai| anubhAga baMdha kSaya hotA hai taba karma niSprANa ho jAte haiM aura sthiti baMdha kSaya hote hI karma nirjarita ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra karma ke baMdha aura viccheda meM nirjarA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / nirjarA kA tu tapa hai| vAyu- vega se jaise bAdala haTa jAte haiN| vaise hI tapa se AtmA kI zuddhi (nirjarA hotI hai| tapa Atma-zakti ke udghATana kI prakriyA hai| agni kI uSNatA se kisI vastu kA maila jalakara bhasma ho jAtA hai yA vastu se alaga ho jAtA hai| usakA mUla svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| vaise hI tapa se karma mala dUra hokara AtmA svasvabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai| tapa rasAyana vijJAna kI apaghaTana kriyA ke samAna hai| apaghaTana kriyA use kahate haiM jisake dvArA yaugika ke saMghaTita tattva pRthak hokara apanI zuddha avasthA meM A jAte haiN| do yA do se adhika tattvoM ke nizcita anupAta meM saMghaTita hokara banA padArtha yaugika kahalAtA hai / 94 yaugika kI vizeSatA hai ki usake guNa apane ghaTaka tattvoM ke guNoM se bhinna hote haiM jaise do anupAta hAIDrojana gaisa aura eka anupAta oNksIjana gaisa milakara pAnI banatA hai| donoM gaisoM ke guNa alaga haiN| eka jalatI hai| dUsarI jalane meM sahayoga karatI hai| para donoM ke yoga se banA pAnI Aga ko bujhAtA hai| 95 yaugika ke ghaTakoM ko sarala bhautika vidhiyoM se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki unake aNuoM / paramANuoM ke bIca meM vidyuta saMyojI baMdha (Ayanika bAMDa) hotA hai / " isa baMdha ke kAraNa unameM aisA AkarSaNa bala rahatA hai jisase ve jur3e rahate haiM / yadi yaugika se usake tatva / ghaTaka prApta karanA cAheM to apaghaTana vidhi kA AlaMbana lenA pdd'egaa| yaha apaghaTana cAhe USmA kA ho yA vidyuta dvArA / *2340 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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udAharaNa ke liye jaise pArA aura oNksIjana ke samAna anupAta meM milane para 'marakyUrika oNksAiDa' yaugika banatA hai| ina yaugika aNuoM ke bIca meM vidyuta saMyojI baMdha hotA hai| jaba use ucca tApa para garma karate haiM to inake madhya kA AkarSaNa bala vidyuta saMyojI baMdha samApta ho jAtA hai tathA pArA aura oNksIjana zuddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAte haiM / 96 marakyUrika oNksAiDa ke samAna hI eka sajIva yaugika hai jo AtmA aura karma pudgaloM ke yoga se nirmita hai| isa yaugika ke banane meM mUla kAraNa hai - snigdhatA / rAgAdibhAva / rAgAdibhAva se AtmA karmoM se lipta ho jAtI hai / taba AtmA para karmoM kA baMdhana hotA hai| AtmA sva-svabhAva ko bhUla jAtI hai / janma-maraNa ke cakra meM phaMsa jAtI hai| AtmA aura karma kA sajIva yaugika hai| donoM tattvoM ke bIca rAga kA bhAva baMdha aura karmoM kA dravya baMdha rUpa AkarSaNa bala hai| isa yaugika se AtmA apanI zuddha avasthA ko prApta taba karatI hai jaba rAga rUpa AkarSaNa bala TUTa jAtA hai| tor3ane kA upAya hai-tapa / sajIva yaugika vidyuta apaghaTana (ilekTro lAiTa) padArtha hai| isameM AtmA para dhana Aveza (+) tathA karma para RNa Aveza (-) hai| isa apaghaTana meM anAdi kAla se adharma - mithyAtva kA 'enoDa' par3A hai| jaba dharma - samyagdarzana Adi kA kaithoDa DAlakara tapa kI baiTarI se jor3akara vidyutadhArA pravAhita kI jAtI hai taba dhArA ke prabhAva se rAga kA AkarSaNa bala kSINa hokara TUTane lagatA hai| AtmA aura karma pRthak hokara apane viparIta Aveza ke ilekTroDa kI ora jAne lagate haiM arthAta AtmA dharma kaithoDa kI ora prasthita ho jAtI hai aura karma enoDa kI ora nikala jAte haiN| jaba yaha kriyA pUrNa ho jAtI hai taba AtmA apanI zuddha avasthA meM A jAtI hai / " 99 karma-mukti ke mukhya do tattva haiM-saMvara, nirjraa| dUsare zabdoM meM tyAga aura tapa / karmoM meM pradhAna hai-moha karma / moha vilaya kI do prakriyAeM haiM- upshmksspk| jisameM moha upazAMta ho jAtA hai vaha upazama zreNI hai aura jisameM moha kSINa hotA hai vaha kSapaka zreNI hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se ye zreNiyAM prAraMbha hotI haiN| jisakA nAma hai- anivRtti bAdara guNasthAna / apara nAma 'apUrvakaraNa' hai isaliye ki isa samaya pariNAma itane vizuddha hote haiM jo abhUtapUrva haiN| karma-kSaya kI yaha prakriyA jaina darzana ke sUkSma ciMtana kI pratIka hai| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2350

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dUsarI prakriyA hai- samudghAta kI / samudghAta zabda sama+ud+ghAta, ina tIna kA yaugika hai| sama kA artha hai- ekIbhAva / ud arthAt balapUrvaka aura ghAta ke do artha haiM- ghAta karanA yA samUha rUpa se balapUrvaka Atma-pradezoM ko zarIra bAhara nikaalnaa| itastataH prakSepaNa karanA / karma pudgaloM kA nirjaraNa karanA / samudghAta sAta haiM - vedanA, kaSAya, mAraNAntika, vaikriya, taijasa, AhAraka, kevalI / chaha samudghAta kA sambandha chadmastha se hai| aMtima kevalI kA vItarAga se| vedanA samudghAta se vedanIya karma pudgaloM kA, kaSAya samudghAta se kaSAya karma pudgaloM kA, mAraNAntika se AyuSya karma - pudgaloM kA zATana hotA hai| vaikriya, AhAraka evaM taijasa samudghAta se tad - tad nAma karma kA zATana hotA hai| jainAgama meM dhyAna ke 4 prakAra mAne haiM - Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla / prathama do aprazasta haiM aMtima do prazasta / yadi sAdhaka kA citta zukla dhyAna meM antarmuhUrta taka sthira rahatA hai to paramANu UrjA ke samAna itanI UrjA nikalatI hai ki sarvaprathama sattara kor3A - kor3I sAgara kI Ayu vAle mohanIya karma kA kSa jAtA hai| sAtha hI jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya bhI nirmUla ho jAte haiM taba AtmA-paramAtmA kI sthiti meM pahuMca jAtI hai| halkI ho Upara uTha jAtI hai| vijJAna ke anusAra koI bhI padArtha halkA hone para Upara uTha jAtA hai| nAbhikIya vikhaNDana meM jaise yUreniyama se veriyama banatA hai, usI taraha sajIva yaugika dhyAna rUpI UrjA dvArA vikhaNDita hokara AtmA se paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| nAbhikIya saMlayana (nyUklara phyUjana ) yaha aisI prakriyA hai jisameM do halke nAbhika Apasa meM milakara eka bhArI nAbhika banAte haiN| isa prakriyA meM dravyamAna kI kSati adhika hone se atyadhika UrjA utpanna hotI hai jise nAbhikIya saMlayana UrjA kahate haiN| nAbhikIya saMlayana meM mukta UrjA (prati ikAI dravyamAna) kA mAna nAbhikIya vikhaNDana se prApta UrjA ke mAna kA lagabhaga ATha gunA hotA hai| sajIva yaugika tapa-dhyAna ke dvArA apaghaTita hokara sayogI kevalI taka zuddha avasthA prApta kara letA hai| siddhatva prApta karane ke liye vedanIya, nAma, gotra aura Ayu cAra aghAti karmoM ko kSaya karanA avaziSTa rahatA hai / sayogI hair kI Ayu sthiti evaM vedanIya, nAma, gotra kI sthiti samAna rahatI hai taba jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana *2360

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vacana yoga, manoyoga evaM bAdarakAya yoga ko chor3akara sUkSmakAya kA yoga AlaMbana letA hai| sUkSma kriyA pratipAti nAmaka tRtIya dhyAna prAraMbha karate haiN| Ayu karma kI sthiti yadi antarmuhUrta aura vedanIya, nAma, gotra kI sthiti adhika ho taba mahAnirjarA ke liye samudghAta kriyA hotI hai| isase sAmaMjasya sthApita hotA hai| prathama samaya meM daNDa rUpa meM Atma- pradezoM99 ko vistIrNa karate haiN| dUsare meM kapATa rUpa meM caur3e phira pratara tathA cauthe samaya meM vistArita Atma-pradezoM dvArA samasta loka ko ApUrNa karate haiN| isa prakAra tIna karmoM kI sthiti ko ghaTAkara Ayu ke samAna kara dete haiM / punaH visarpaNa kA saMkoca karake Atma- pradeza zarIra meM samA jAte haiN| isa pravidhi kA kAlamAna ATha samaya kA hai| isa taraha sUkSma kAyayoga se sUkSma kriyA pratipAti dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha kriyA nAbhikIya saMlayana jaisI hai| isake bAda samucchinna kriyA nAmaka dhyAna zurU hotA hai| isameM zvAsocchrAsa Adi samasta kAya, vacana aura mana sambandhI vyApAroM kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| zailezI avasthA prApta kara siddha ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra tapa aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA se aSTa karmoM ko apaghaTita kiyA jAtA hai| unakI Atyantika nivRtti ho jAtI hai| karma-kSaya se AtmA ke aSTaguNa anantajJAna Adi anAvRta ho jAte haiM / sayogI kevalI kI samudghAta kriyA ko nAbhikIya saMlayana kahA jAtA hai| isakI UrjA ke samAna hI tapadhyAna kI UrjA karmoM ko bhasma kara detI hai / Atma-prApti ke sAdhanoM meM tapa aura dhyAna kA mahattva sArvajanIna evaM sarvopari hai| jaina darzana meM tapasyA ko saMvara - nirjarA kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| tapa dharma kA prANa tattva hai| tapa durdhara aura pragAr3ha karmoM ko bhI ati tIkSNa vajra kI bhAMti tor3a detA hai / ,,101 " tapasA cIyate brahma 100 " tapo dvanda sahanam " " c|"102 ye sUkta tapa kI mahattA kA saMgAyana karate haiN| 'tapasA nirjarA 88 dhyAna bhI tapa kA hI eka prakAra hai| bhAva - zramaNa dhyAna rUpa kuThAra se bhava vRkSa (saMsAra-cakra) ko kATa DAlate hai / 103 Agama graMtha evaM dArzanika sAhitya meM dhyAna ke sambandha meM prabhUta varNana prApta hai| upaniSadoM meM bhI dhyAna kI vidhi evaM mahattva kA vistAra se varNana milatA hai| zarIra meM jaise mastiSka mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2370

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kA, vRkSa meM mUla kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai 04 usI prakAra Atma-prApti kI sAdhanA meM tapa aura dhyAna kA mUlya hai / inhIM se zAzvata siddhi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| eka prazna sAmane AtA hai ki DAravina kA vikAsavAda amIbA se pUrNa mAnava banane kA siddhAMta hai| jaba vikAsa pravAha svAbhAvika gati se hameM lakSya taka pahuMcAye binA rukatA nahIM to phira sAdhanA karane kI kyA apekSA hai? tapadhyAna karane kI upayogitA kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara yahI hai ki DAravina ne vikAsa krama ko jo yAMtrika aura jaivika mAnA vaha manuSyetara yoniyoM para to lAgU ho sakatA hai kintu manuSya yoni meM usakA rUpa badala jAtA hai| yahAM Akara vikAsa krama manuSya ko eka aisA gherA (vartula) pradAna karatA hai jisake bhItara manuSya svataMtra hai| svataMtratA kA sahI upayoga kara vaha vikAsa ko samucita dizA de sakatA hai| apane bhItara gati ko teja kara sakatA hai / sAdhanA kA yahI tAtparya hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM eka tinakA hotA hai vaha bahatA huA eka dina avazya sAgara meM milatA hai| yaha satya hai kintu yadi use apane bharose chor3a diyA jAye to patA nahIM kitanA samaya use samudra taka pahuMcane meM laga jaaye| kahAM jAkara aTaka jaaye| koI usa aTakAva ko dUra karatA rahe to apekSAkRta alpa samaya meM sAgara meM mila sakatA hai| sAdhanA karma ke aTakAva ko dUra karane kI prakriyA hai / sAdhanA bAdhAoM ko dUra kara vikAsa ko dizA evaM gati detI hai| vastutaH sasIma se asIma avataraNa kA nAma sAdhanA hai| AtmA meM ananya zaktiyAM haiM-jJAna-zakti, isase pratyeka padArtha kA vizleSaNAtmaka bodha hotA hai| jIva kI eka samaya kI paryAya meM anaMta siddha aura anaMta kevalI jJeya rUpa meM Ate haiN| jJAna kI eka paryAya bhI anaMta sAmarthya yukta hai| vIrya-zakti- yaha apane svarUpa racanA kA sAmarthya rakhane vAlI zakti hai jo jIva ke sabhI guNoM meM vyApta hai / sukha- zakti - jIva anaMta AnaMda se paripUrNa hai| prabhutva zakti-AtmA ke anaMta pradezoM ke eka-eka pradeza meM anaMta guNoM prabhutA hai| ina zaktiyoM kA prakaTIkaraNa sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai| Age calakara sAdhanA sAdhya bana jAtI hai / 02380 * jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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mokSa prApti ke pUrva kI kucha vizeSa bhUmikAeM mokSa meM mukta jIvoM kA samAna stara hai kintu kSetra, kAla, gati, liGga, tIrtha, cAritra pratyeka buddha-buddha bodhita, jJAna, avagAhanA, aMtara, saMkhyA aura alpa-bahutva ina bAraha anuyogoM se siddhoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai / 105 1. kSetra-kSetra se mukta AtmA tInoM loka se siddha hotI hai| Urdhvaloka meM paMDakavana se, tiryak loka meM manuSya loka se, adholoka meM mahAvideha kI vijaya se / 2. kAla - avasarpiNI kAla meM bharata Adi kSetroM meM janma kI apekSA tIsarecauthe ara meM tathA siddhatva kI apekSA tIsare, cauthe evaM pAMcaveM ara meM siddha hote haiN| mahAvideha meM yaha maryAdA nahIM hai| vahAM sadA cauthA ArA hI calatA hai| 3. gati - cAroM gatiyoM meM se eka manuSya gati hI mukti jAne ke yogya hai / yahI mokSa kA siMhadvAra hai| 4. liGga - veda arthAta vikAra / navameM guNasthAna ke aMta meM vikAra vilaya ho jAte haiN| ataH avedI avasthA meM siddha hote haiN| 5. tIrtha-tIrtha-atIrtha donoM avasthAoM meM siddha ho sakate haiN| 6. cAritra - mukti ke adhikArI eka yathAkhyAta cAritra vAle hI hote haiM / 7. pratyeka buddha bodhita- pratyeka buddha, svayaM buddha, buddha bodhita ina tInoM meM se koI bhI mukta ho sakatA hai| 8. jJAna - pAMca jJAna meM se mAtra kevalajJAnI hI mukta hote haiN| 9. avagAhanA - jaghanya sAta hAtha utkRSTa 500 dhanuSya kI avagAhanA vAle siddha hote haiN| 10. aMtara - niraMtara ATha samaya taka siddha ho sakate haiN| aMtara par3e to jaghanya 2 samaya, utkRSTa 6 mahIne kA vyavadhAna hotA hai| 11. saMkhyA - eka samaya meM jaghanya 1 aura utkRSTa 108 siddha ho sakate haiN| 12. alpa-bahuta-sabase kama napuMsaka liMga siddha, unase strI liMga siddha saMkhyAta guNA, unase puruSa liMga siddha saMkhyAta guNA haiN| anya prakAra se saMharaNa se mukta sabase alpa, janma-mukta unase saMkhyAta guNA adhika / mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 2390

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loka se - sabase kama Urdhvaloka se, adholoka se saMkhyeya guNa adhika, tiryak loka se unase saMkhyeya guNa adhika, sabase alpa samudra se mukta hone vaale| dvIpa se mukta hone vAle unase saMkhyeya guNa adhik| prazna - kyA siddha bar3hate haiM athavA avasthita rahate haiM ? uttara - siddha bar3hate haiN| ghaTate nhiiN| avasthita rahate haiN| prazna - kitane kAla taka bar3hate haiM ? uttara - jaghanya eka samaya, utkRSTa ATha samaya tk| prazna - kisa saMghayana meM siddha hote haiM ? uttara - vajra RSabha nArAca saMghayana meN| prazna - kisa saMsthAna meM siddha hote hai ? uttara - chaha saMsthAnoM meM se kisI bhI saMsthAna se| prazna - kitane varSa kI Ayu meM siddha hote haiM ? uttara - jaghanya sAdhika ATha varSa, utkRSTa karor3a pUrva kI Ayu vaale| jIva ke carama vikAsa kI AdhyAtmika upalabdhi mokSa hai| samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI samanviti hI mokSa ke avarodhaka tattvoM ko tor3ane meM sakSama hai| cikitsA zAstra meM cAra bAteM pramukha hotI haiM roga, rogI kI prakRti, roga kI kAlAvadhi aura roga kI phaladAna shkti| inake AdhAra para roga evaM rogI kI prakRti kA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| vaise hI adhyAtma ke kSetra meM baMdha, baMdha ke hetu, mokSa, mokSa ke sAdhanoM kA varNana hai| karma kA svabhAva, karmANuoM kI mAtrA, kAlAvadhi aura karmoM ke phaladAna kI zakti Adi kA jJAna jarUrI hai| rogopacAra meM pathya evaM anupAna kA jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna hai mokSopayogI sAdhanA kaa| saMdarbha sUcI 1. sAMkhya tattva kaumudI pR. 326 / 2. hamArI paramparA (viyogI hari) pR. 369 / .2400 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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3. amara bhAratI (nirvANa vizeSAMka) pR. 100 / 4. bhAratI darzana (DaoN. devarAja) pR. 497 / 5. tattvArtha sUtra, 10 / 1 / 6. sUtra kRtAMga, 1 / 11 / 22 / 7. abhidhAna rAjendra koSa (khaMDa 6) pR. 431 / 8. vahI, 9. sarvArtha siddhi 1 / 4 / 10. vahI, 7 / 19 / 11. tattvArtha zloka vArtika 1 / 1 / 4 / 12. sarvArtha siddhi pR. 1 / 4 / 13. vahI, utthAnikA pR. 1 / 14. amara koza, varga 5 / 6 / 15. uttarAdhyayana a. 6 gA. 10 / 16. vahI, a. 28 gA. 30 / 17. vahI, a. 14 gA. 4| 18. vahI, a. 10 gA. 35 / 19. vahI, a. 18 gA. 28 / / 20. vahI, a. 19 gA. 97/ 21. vahI, a. 28 gA. 3 / 22. vahI, a. 36 gA. 68 / vahI, a. 19 gA. 82 / 24. vahI, a. 23 gA. 81 / 25. vahI, a. 29 gA. 44 / 26. vahI, a. 23 gA. 84 / 27. vahI, a. 23 gA. 83 / 28. vahI, a. 9 gA. 58 / 29. bauddha dharma darzana pR. 8| 30. majjhima nikAya 139 / 31. sUtra kRtAMga 1 / 1 / 13 / sarva dvandoparati bhaave| mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza 241.

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32. abhidhAna rAjendra, khaMDa 6 pR. 431 / 33. AcArAMga, 1 / 5 / 6 / 171 / 34. vahI, 1 / 5 / 6 / 171 / 35. yogadRSTi samuccaya 129 "saMsArAtIta tattvaM tu paraM nirvANa saMjJitam / tadvatyekameva niyamAt zabda bhede'pi tattvataH / " 36. sUtra kRtAMga 1 / 15/5/ 37. dazavaikAlika a. 4 gA. 14 se 25 / 38. upaniSadoM kI bhUmikA, pR. 125 / 39. sarvArtha siddhi 10/5/275/201| 40. vyAkhyA prajJapti, za. 7|3|1| 265 | 49. vahI, za. 7 / 3 / 1 / 265 / 42. vahI, (ka) jJAnArNava 42/59 | 43. bhagavatI, 7 / 10-15 / 44. tattvArtha sUtra, 108 45. aupapAtika sUtra 930 | 46. sAMkhyadarzana, 6|17| 47. vedAnta sUtra, 4 / 4 / 22 / 48. spAdvAda maMjarI pR. 42 / 49. vahI, kArikA 29 / 50. tattvArtha vArtika 10|4|9| 51. dravya saMgraha 37|141| nanvanAdi kAla mokSa gacchatAM jIvAnAM jagacchUnyaM bhavatIti / 52. syAdvAda maMjarI kA. 29 pR. 259 / 53. gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gA. 197 pR. 327 54. vRhad dravya saMgraha, TIkA gA. 37 pR. 141 / 55. bhagavatI, 1 / 46 | 56. ThANaM 1 / 10 / 57. vRhad dravya saMgraha TIkA gA. 37 pR. 141 | 58. vahI / 59. puSkara muni abhinaMdana grantha pR. 318 / * 242 jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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60. uttarAdhyayana, a. 23 / 8-3 / 61. aupapAtika (siddhAdhikAra) pR. 355 / 62. uttarAdhyayana , a. 2381-83 / 63. gommaTasAra (jIva kAMDa) gA. 68 / 64. aupapAtika, pR. 354 / 65. uvavAI, gA. 11 / / 66. uttarAdhyayana, 23 / 83 / 67. tattvArtha sUtra, 10 / 2-3 / 68. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gA. 2157 pR. 901) 69. tattvArtha sUtra vivecana pR. 468 / 70. sthAnAMga sthA. 4 u. 3 sU. 337/ gati abhAveNaM, niruvvamahayAe, lukkhAe, logANu bhaavennN| 71. muNDakopaniSad 3 / 2 / 8 / 72. triloka sAra, zloka, 558 / 73. aupapAtika, gA. 119, 120, 121 / 74. prajJApanA pada 2 sU. 136 gA. 15/ 75. uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 65/ 76. naMdI cUrNi (jinadAsa gaNi mahattara) sU. 38 pR. 26/ 77. amitagati zrAvakAcAra 4 / 39 / 78. tattvArtha rAjavArtika 1 / 1 / 10 / anveSaNe mokSo yena mAgyate samokSa maargH| 79. uttarAdhyayana, 18 / 2 / 80. majjhima nikAya sammAdiTTi suttanta 9 / 81. vahI, maggAnaM aTuMgiko seto| 82. tattvArthAdhigama, bhASya 1 / 1 / 83. uttarAdhyayana, 28 / 30 / 84. sUkti triveNI pR. 286 / 85. kaThopaniSad 1 / 3 / 14 / 86. tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 1 / 87. dravya saMgraha, 34 88. samavAo, samavAya 5 / 5 / mokSa kA svarUpa : vimarza .243.

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89. sthAnAMga 8 / 3 / 90. gItA, 2 / 58 91. tattvArtha vArtika 1 / 4 / 12 / 92. sthAnAMga, sthA. 1 sUtra 16 / 93. zAMta sudhArasa nirjarA bhAvanA 2 / 3 / 94. udhRtaH yugabodha rasAyana, kakSA 11 pR. 16 / 95. vahI, pR. 158, 188 96. vahI, pR. 268 / 269/ 97. samavAyAMga, samavAya. 7/ 98. tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 28 / 99. samavAyAMga, 8 / sarvArtha siddhi TIkA 9 / 44 / 100. muNDakopaniSad 1 / 1 / 8 / 101. yoga bhASya, 2 / 32 / 102. tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 3 / 103. bhAva pAhuDa 122 // 104. isi bhAsiyAI 21 / 13 / 105. ta. sU. 10 / 9 / - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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upasaMhAra pichale adhyAyoM meM AtmA, karma, punarjanma, vikAsavAda, lezyA, mRtyu, mokSa aura mokSa ke upAyoM kI vivecanA kI / usa sambandha meM anya dArzanikoM, vicArakoM kI avadhAraNAoM ko samajhA tathA pAzcAtya darzana ke sAtha tulanA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| aba hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki jaina tattva-mImAMsA kA jIvana ke saMdarbha meM kyA mUlya ho sakatA hai ? mAnava samAja kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane meM kahAM taka samartha hai, aura kisa hada taka sakriya yogadAna hai ? hamAre samagra ciMtana kA kendra hai- AtmA / AtmA kA vizleSaNa mokSa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| AtmA yadi kendra meM na ho to sAdhanA kI koI mUlyavattA nahIM hai| jitanA bhI ciMtana-manana-nididhyAsana huA usakA AdhAra AtmA hai| cArvAka darzana ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI darzana jyotirmaya AtmA kI parikramA kara rahe haiN| vaidika darzana meM kucha vaidika AtmA aura jIva kA bheda karate hue jIva tatva ko kama mahattva dete haiN| unake abhimata se mokSa meM AtmA jIva bhAva se mukta ho jAtI hai / kintu jaina darzana AtmA aura jIva kA bheda nahIM karatA hai| AtmA kA hI apara nAma jIva hai / astitva kA jahAM taka prazna hai, vaidika aura jaina dArzanikoM ne samAna tarka diye haiN| cArvAka aura bauddhoM kI AlocanA meM bhI donoM eka mata haiM kintu mokSa ke svarUpa aura prakriyA ko lekara jaina aura vaidika darzana meM bhinnatAeM haiN| brahma sUtra bhASya meM AcArya zaMkara ne kevala bauddha evaM jaina hI nahIM, vaizeSika, sAMkhya Adi hindU darzanoM para bhI tIkhA prahAra kiyA hai| mokSavAda kI dRSTi se advaita vedAMta aura sAMkhya meM paryApta samAnatA hai / donoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bandha aura mokSa AtmA ke mUla rUpa kA sparza nahIM krte| unakI pratIti yA adhyAsa aviveka ke kAraNa hai / sAMkhya jagata kA kAraNa prakRti ko mAnate haiN| advaita vedAnta brahma ko / isaliye sAMkhya kA khaNDana kiyA hai para mokSavAda meM donoM nikaTa haiN| upasaMhAra 2450

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vaidika darzana kA kUTastha nityavAda aura bauddhoM kA kSaNikavAda bhI sabhI mahattvapUrNa mUlabhUta tattvoM kI vyAkhyA karane meM asamartha hai| tarka kI kasauTI para nirvikAra kUTastha aura vikArI kSaNika AtmA kI dhAraNA samIcIna nahIM hai| jaina darzana kA pariNAmI AtmavAda kA siddhAMta adhika vyAvahArika tathA tarkasaMgata hai| dekArta ne eka tarapha AtmA ko abhautika mAnA, dUsarI tarapha pIniyala glaiNDa meM usakA nivAsa kahatA hai| jaina AlocakoM ne kahA- abhautika AtmA pIniyala meM kaise raha sakatA hai jaba AtmA zarIra parimANa hai| dekArta kI dhAraNA meM AtmA kA vyAvartaka guNa ciMtana, zakti aura socanA hai| jaina manISiyoM ke anusAra socane kI kriyA eka deza meM ghaTita nahIM hotI isaliye do vicAroM yA manodazAoM kI lambAI-caur3AI, vajana Adi kI tulanA nahIM krte| hAthI kA pratyaya yA vicAra AkAra meM cIMTI ke pratyaya yA vicAra se bar3A nahIM hotaa| phijiyolojI (Physiology) sAikolojI (Psychology) ke anusAra hamAre ciMtana Adi manovikAroM kA mastiSka tathA snAyumaMDala kI kriyAoM se gaharA sambandha hotA hai| jaina darzana bhI cit aura acit (karma) ke bIca aisA hI sambandha mAnatA hai| sAMkhya, vedAnta pUrva mAnyatA ko lekara calate haiM ki jo-jo vikArI haiM ve anitya haiN| kintu yadi hama bhautika jagata ko dekheM to yaha mAnyatA utanI prAmANika nahIM jAna pdd'tii| bhautika jagata ke mUlabhUta tattva jaise vidyuta evaM aNu gatizIla aura parivartanazIla hote haiM phira bhI nitya haiN| nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA bhI kahanA hai ki paramANuoM meM raMgAdi kA parivartana hotA hai para paramANu nitya hai| isa dRSTi se jaina darzana kA AtmavAda spinojA ke siddhAMta se nikaTa hai| spinojA kI dRSTi se vicAra (Thought) aura vistAra (Extension) dravya ke dharma yA guNa haiN| nitya dravya ke dharma hone se ve nitya haiN| - pratyeka dharma (Atribute) ke prakAra (Modes) bhI hote haiM jo niraMtara pariNAma ke kArya haiN| vicAra evaM vistAra donoM apane ko vibhinna prakAroM meM abhivyakta karate rahate haiN| spinojA kA yaha siddhAMta jaina darzana kI jJAna-paryAyoM se samAnatA rakhatA hai| .2468 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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hyUma, jemsa ne AtmA ko svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM kiyA kintu cetanA-pravAha ke rUpa meM AtmA ke astitva kI jo dhAraNA hai vaha bauddhoM ke samakakSa hai| dehAtmavAda kI samasyA-spinojA kA mata hai ki zarIra aura mana eka hI vastu ke do sApekSa pahalU haiN| dekArta ne donoM kI nirapekSa sattA ghoSita kii| dekArta kA yaha ghoSa dArzanika jagata meM antakriyAvAda ke nAma se prasiddha hai| dekArta, gyUliMksa, melebrAnsa, lAibanitja Adi pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne apane-apane tarIke se samAhita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai kintu nirvivAda samAdhAna nahIM de paaye| jaina darzana dvaitavAdI hai| usane jIva aura zarIra kA bhedAbheda svIkAra kiyA hai| sarvathA abheda mAnane se donoM eka rUpa hoMge aura sarvathA bheda mAnane se kabhI mila hI nahIM skte| ataH apane vizeSa guNoM se bheda tathA sAmAnya guNoM ke kAraNa abheda haiN| yaha sApekSa dRSTi hai| parivartanamaya jIvana kI vyAkhyA ke liye kisI na kisI vikArI tattva kI upasthiti anivArya hai| AtmA avikArI hai, karma vikaarii| donoM kA sambandha setu hai rAga-dveSamaya AtmA kA prinnaam| rAga-dveSa se Atma-pradeza prakaMpita hote haiN| usa sthiti meM jIva kI yoga zakti karma prAyogya pudgala skaMdhoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karatI hai| ve hI karma nAma se abhihita haiN| bhAva karma bhItara kI jaivika rAsAyanika prakriyA hai| dravya karma sUkSma karma zarIra kI rAsAyanika prakriyAeM haiN| donoM eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| pratipakSa na ho to pakSa ko samajhanA kaThina hai| vijJAna bhI dravya ke sAtha pratidravya kA astitva siddha karatA hai| ve padArtha, jinakI bhaviSyavANI san 1928 meM sApekSavAdI kvAMTama siddhAMta ke dvArA kI gaI thI, pratipadArtha khlaaye| nyuTana ne kahA-jisa prakAra kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai usI prakAra dhvani kI pratidhvani, aNu-pratiaNu, kaNa-pratikaNa, taraMga-pratitaraMga, jaivikapratijaivika, anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM ye ujAgara ho rahe haiN| pratipadArtha ke binA padArtha kA astitva nahIM ttiktaa| cetana-acetana meM atyantAbhAva hai| atyantAbhAva kI siddhi tabhI saMbhava hai jaba usakA koI virodhI padArtha ho| upasaMhAra - 247.

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cetana hai to pratipakSI acetana bhI hai| pratyeka padArtha apane virodhI yugala se jur3A hai| samUcI loka vyavasthA kA AdhAra virodhI yugala hai| gati hai to sthiti bhI hai| na korI gati hotI hai na korI sthiti / na kevala dhanAtmaka Aveza hotA hai na RNAtmaka Aveza / vaise jar3a-cetana kA saha astitva hI loka hai / jahAM virodhI yugala nahIM vahAM aloka (Absulute space) hai / do virodhI tattvoM kA sambandha honA hI baMdha hai| baMdha tattva vyApaka hai| baMdha kisakA hotA hai ? prazna ke uttara meM yahI kahA jAtA hai ki jIva aura karma kA / AtmA aura pudgala kA / cetana aura jar3a kA / jIva aura karma kA sambandha eka sAMyogika prakriyA hai / AtmA meM prati samaya rAga-dveSAtmaka koI na koI bhAva avazya rahatA hai| bhAvoM se AkRSTa karma vargaNAeM Atma-pradezoM para cipaka jAtI haiN| karma kahalAtI haiN|' chahoM dizAoM se catuHsparzI karma pudgaloM kA AdAna hotA hai| bhagavatI meM kAMkSA mohanIya karma ke prasaMga meM mahAvIra ne kahA- jIva sarvAtma pradezoM se, saba ora se karma pudgaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai|' karma jIva ko jJAna, darzana, AnaMda aura zakti rUpa sahaja svabhAva ko AvRta, vikRta aura avaruddha karatA rahatA hai| karma ke saMyoga se cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa pratihata ho jAtA hai| karma vargaNAeM grahaNa karate samaya rAga-dveSa tIvra hotA hai to una karmoM meM phaladAna zakti bhI tIvra ho jAtI hai| maMda hone se mNd| yaha tIvratA yA maMdatA kA tAratamya hamAre kaSAyoM AvegoM ke AdhAra para hai| rAga-dveSa se AvegoMupaAvegoM kA cakra calatA hai| AvegoM ke kAraNa zArIrika kriyAoM meM rAsAyanika parivartana, zArIrika lakSaNoM meM parivartana hotA hai / AvegoM ke zodhana aura parivartana Adi kI prakriyA para manovijJAna meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pravRttiyoM ko rokA nahIM jA sakatA kintu pravRttiyoM kA damana, (Sublimation) vilayana (Supperession) mArgAntarIkaraNa (Redirection) aura udAttIkaraNa (Sublimation) ho sakatA hai| karmazAstra kI bhASA meM Avega niyaMtraNa kI tIna paddhatiyAM haiM-upazamana, kSayopazamana, kSayIkaraNa | upazamana- -mana meM jo Avega utpanna hote haiM unako dabA denA upazama hai| isameM AvegoM kA vilaya nahIM hotA isaliye punaH ubhara Ate haiM / manovijJAna kI bhASA meM damana hai| manovijJAna damana taka hI nahIM rukatA, parizodhana Avazyaka mAnatA hai| * 2480 * jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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karmazAstra ke anusAra bhI upazamana kI paddhati lakSya taka nahIM pahuMcA sktii| upazamita vRttiyAM punaH ubhara kara gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka ArohaNa karane vAle sAdhaka ko punaH nIce girA detI haiN| kSayopazamana--isa prakriyA meM upazama aura kSaya sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| yaha mArgAntarIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai / udAttIkaraNa bhI kaha sakate haiN| kSayIkaraNa -- isameM doSoM kA sarvathA vilayana ho jAtA hai| isase AdhyAtmika cetanA kI bhUmi prazasta hotI calI jAtI hai| bhautika vijJAna meM bhI kvAMTama ke AdhAra para Antarika bhAvoM kI prastuti jA rahI hai| DebiTa boma ke anusAra hamAre bhItara eka sahaja AnaMda kI sthiti hai| kintu ciMtana evaM indriya saMvedana / sukha prabala ho jAte haiM taba vaha AvRta ho jAtI hai| jaba bAhya ciMtana evaM sukhaiSaNA rUpa saMvedanA zAMta ho jAtI hai taba bhItara AnaMda prakaTa ho jAtA hai| vyakti kI cetanA manovijJAna ke stara para aneka rUpoM meM kArya karatI hai / jaba cetanA kA pravAha UrdhvamukhI hotA hai, vyakti svataH hI vidhAyaka bhAvoM se pUrNa ho jAtA hai| cetanA kA pravAha adhomukhI hotA hai taba niSedhAtmaka cintana kA vikAsa hotA hai| mastiSka vijJAna kI khoja meM reTIkulara (Retie Coolur) phaoNramezana meM bhaya, krodha, lAlasA Adi niSedhAtmaka bhAva paidA hote haiM to unakA niyaMtraNa bhI vahI karatA hai| AcAryazrI mahAprajJa ne reTIkulara phaoNramezana kI kriyA ko audayika vyaktitva aura kSAyopazamika vyaktitva kahA hai| audayika vyaktitva ke kAraNa krodhAdi bhAva paidA hote haiM, kSAyopazamika vyaktitva se una para niyaMtraNa hotA hai / 3 utpanna aura niyaMtraNa donoM avasthAeM sAtha meM calatI haiN| yaha karmavAda kI bhASA hai| vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa - prAcIna zarIra - vizeSajJoM ne zarIra ke saMcAlaka tattva hRdaya, snAyu saMsthAna, gurdA Adi ko mAnA hai kintu Adhunika zarIrazAstra kI khojoM ne pramANita kara diyA ki mUla kAraNa isase bhI Age haiN| ve haiM- graMthiyoM ke srAva arthAta hArmonsa / hArmonsa jitane zarIra aura mana ko prabhAvita karate haiM utane hRdaya, gurdA Adi nhiiN| hArmonsa na kevala pratyeka zArIrika kriyA meM bhAga lete haiM apitu vyakti kI mAnasika dazAoM, svabhAva upasaMhAra 249 *

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aura vyavahAra para gaharA prabhAva DAlate haiN| prema, bhaya, ghRNA, Avega Adi bhAva antaHsrAvI srotoM dvArA janita haiN| pAiniyala-(Pineal) kA srAva ThIka na ho to pratibhA kA vikAsa nahIM hotaa| zarIra kA saMtulana, mana, zarIra tathA prANoM kA niyaMtraNa vyavasthita nahIM rhtaa| eDrInala-(Adrenal) ThIka kAma nahIM karatI to bhaya, ciMtA, krodha Adi utpanna hote haiN| jIvana meM asta-vyastatAeM bar3ha jAtI haiN| gonADsa-(Gonads) yauna uttejanA bar3hatI hai| isake srAva kAma granthi para hI nahIM, zarIra ke anyAnya avayavoM tathA unake kriyA-kalApoM para bhI gaharA prabhAva DAlate haiN| granthiyoM ke srAva badalate haiM, unake AdhAra para aneka prakAra kI vibhinnatAeM utpanna hotI haiM kintu ye granthiyAM bhI mUla kAraNa nahIM, mUla kAraNa bahuta sUkSma hai jise karma kahate haiN| pratyeka prANI kA jIvana eka maryAdA se ghirA huA hai| koI bhI svataMtra nhiiN| isakA kAraNa hai- bNdhn| baMdhana kA mUlabhUta kAraNa bhItara hI hai bAhara nhiiN| manuSya karma kyoM karatA hai ? preraka tattva kyA hai ? isa sambandha meM bhI vicAra mananIya hai| arjuna ne prazna uThAyA- he kRSNa ! duniyA meM aisI kyA vastu hai jisase nahIM cAhate hue bhI manuSya pApa karma karatA hai ? zrIkRSNa ne use samAhita karate hue kahA-arjuna ! rajoguNa se utpanna kAma aura krodha hI preraka kAraNa hai| vastutaH kAma hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| kyoMki krodha kA janaka bhI kAma hI hai| bauddha darzana meM karma-preraka ke rUpa meM kAma, tRSNA, icchA evaM rAga ko mAnya kiyA hai| ye saba ekArthaka-se hI haiN| AcArya zaMkara aura phrAyaDa ne bhI kAma ko hI mUla preraka mAnA hai| jaina darzanAnusAra karma bIja ke preraka sUtra do haiM- raag-dvess| mahAvIra ke zabdoM meM-manojJa, priya yA anukUla viSaya rAga ke nimitta haiN| pratikUla yA apriya dveSa ke hetu haiN|6 rAga-dveSa ke pratyaya vAsanA-tRSNA aura Asakti kI hI AkarSaNAtmaka aura vikarSaNAtmaka zaktiyAM haiN| bauddha darzana meM rAga-dveSa ko bhava tRSNA aura vibhava tRSNA kahA hai| .250 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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phrAyaDa ne jise jIvana vRtti (Eros) aura mRtyuvRtti (Thenatos) kahA hai, karTalevina ne AkarSaNa zakti (Positive Valence) aura vikarSaNa zakti (Negative valence) ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| indriyoM kA viSayoM se sambandha sthApita hone para mana meM viSayoM ke prati jo anukUla-pratikUla bhAva banate haiM unase rAga-dveSa kA janma hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAga-dveSAtmaka pravRttiyoM kI utpatti meM indriyAM aura mana saMparka sUtra haiN| indriyoM kI saMkhyA pAMca hai- zrotra, cakSu, ghrANa, rasa, sprsh| jaina darzana meM mana ko noindriya (Quasi sense organ) kahA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM indriyoM kI saMkhyA gyAraha hai, pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriyAM aura eka antHkrnn| bauddha darzana meM pAMca indriyAM aura mana ke atirikta puruSatva, strItva, sukha, duHkha Adi ko milAkara saMkhyA bar3hA dete haiN| jaina darzana meM dravya indriya, bhAva indriya aise pAMca indriyoM ke do-do prakAra indriya dravyendriya bhAvendriya upakaraNa nivRtti (indriya rakSaka aMga) (indriya aMga) labdhi (zakti ) upayoga (cetanA) dravyendriya, indriyoM kI bAhya saMracanA (Structural aspect) ko kahate haiN| unakA Antarika kriyAtmaka pakSa (Functional aspect) bhAvendriya hai| pAMca indriyoM ke teIsa viSaya do sau cAlIsa vikAra haiN| indriyAM apane viSayoM se kisa prakAra sambandha sthApita karatI haiM? kaise prabhAvita hotI hai ? isakA vivaraNa prajJApanA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| dravya indriya kA viSayoM se saMparka hotA hai| vaha bhAva indriya ko prabhAvita karatI hai| bhAva indriya jIva hai ataH jIva baMdha jAtA hai| upasaMhAra .251.

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AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM - indriyoM para niyaMtraNa kiye binA rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya para vijaya pAnA saMbhava nahIM / ' prazna hotA hai, kyA indriya aura mana kA nirodha saMbhava hai ? yadi pUrNa nirodha saMbhava nahIM to phira indriya-saMyama kI bAta kyoM kahI jAtI hai ? uttara meM kahA jAtA hai ki nirodha kA artha indriyoM ko viSaya-vimukha karanA nhiiN| viSaya-sevana ke mUla meM nihita rAga-dveSa ko samApta karanA hai| yaha zakya nahIM ki kAna meM acche-bure zabdoM kA praveza hI na ho / zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jo rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA banatI hai use rokanA hai| manuSya kA mana peMDulama jaisA hai| rAga-dveSa Adi dvandvoM meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| dvandva se upara uThanA hai| sabhI indriyoM ke viSaya meM yahI sthiti hai / gaNadharavAda meM ullekha hai-jisa prakAra devadatta apane mahala kI khir3akiyoM se bAhya jagata ko dekhatA hai usI prakAra vyakti indriyoM ke mAdhyama se sunatA hai / dekhatA hai| gaMdha letA hai| svAda cakhatA hai| sparza karatA hai / bAhya padArthoM se saMparka jur3atA hai / " khir3akiyoM ko baMda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kintu Asakta vyakti rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa baMdhatA hai| vItarAga ke liye baMdhana nahIM / viSaya na kisI ko baMdhana meM DAlate haiM, na kisI meM vikAra hI paidA karate haiN| unameM rAga-dveSa karane vAlA vikRta hotA hai| 10 buddha ne kahA- na cakSu rUpoM kA baMdhana hai, na rUpa bhI cakSu kA baMdhana hai / kintu donoM ke nimitta se jo chanda (rAga) utpanna hotA hai vahI baMdhana hai", kyoMki baMdhana kA vAstavika kAraNa indriya vyApAra nahIM balki rAga-dveSa kI pravRttiyAM haiN| rAga-dveSa vimukta indriya- vyApAra karatA huA vyakti pavitratA kI ora gatizIla hai / dRzya kabhI mahattvapUrNa nahIM hote / mahattvapUrNa hai draSTA kI samatA bhAvanA / rAga-dveSa se kaSAya puSTa banatI hai| vikAsa evaM hrAsa kA mahattvapUrNa AdhAra kaSAya kI alpatA evaM adhikatA hai / vRhatkalpa bhASya meM kaSAya ke chaha prakAra vyAkhyAyita haiM *2520 tIvratama kaSAya maMda kaSAya upazAMta kaSAya madhyama kaSAya kSaya-upazama kaSAya kSINa kaSAya jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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jahAM kaSAya hai| vahAM karma kI niyamA hai kintu karma meM kaSAya kI anivAryatA nahIM hai| dasaveM guNasthAna se Upara ke cAra guNasthAnoM meM karma hai kaSAya nhiiN| unake karma bhI jalI huI rassI ke samAna hai jo gAMTheM nahIM pdd'tiiN| kaSAya ke sAtha Ane vAle karma sAmparAyika haiM jo jaghanya antarmuhUrta utkRSTa sattara koTAkoTI sAgara sthiti pramANa karmoM ke baMdhana kI yogyatA rakhate haiN| kSINa kaSAya vItarAga hote haiM unake Iryopathika baMdhana hotA hai| jo do samaya meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai| kaSAya taMtra kitanA bhI zaktizAlI ho, phira bhI AtmA meM vaha zakti hai jisakA prayoga kara vaha kaSAya kA vilaya kara sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM nigoda se lekara mokSa-prApti taka kI vikAsa yAtrA kA manovijJAnika vizleSaNa hai| bhAvoM ke utkarSa-apakarSa kA sAMgopAMga citraNa hai| karma kA svarUpa, karma kI jAtiyAM, bheda-prabheda, karma kI avasthAeM, karma kA vipAka Adi aneka pahalU haiM jina para vistRta sAhitya upalabdha hai| ___ karma-baMdha kA sahayogI Asrava hai| nirodhaka hai-sNvr| karma ke rUpAntaraNa kA hetu nirjarA hai| saMvara-nirjarA AtmA kI utkrAMti hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA 4 / 1 / 2. bhagavatI 1 / 119 / 3. karmavAda pR. 194 lekhaka AcAryazrI mhaaprjny| 4. gItA, 3 / 36 / 5. vahI, 2062 / 6. uttarAdhyayana 32 / 23 / 7. vizuddhimagga bhAga. 2 pR. 103 / 120 / 8. yogazAstra 4 / 24 / 9./gaNadhara vaad| 10. uttarAdhyayana, 32 / 101 / 11. saMyutta nikAya 4 / 35 / 232 / upasaMhAra .253.

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sandarbha grantha sUcI grantha kA nAma lekhaka, saMpAdaka, anuvAdaka saMskaraNa prakAzaka 1. AyAro vA. pra. AcArya tulasI vi. 2031 jaina vizva bhAratI saMpAdaka muni nathamala lADanUM 2. AcArAMga bhASya bhASyakAra AcArya mahAprajJa 1994 jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM (mAnya vizva vidyAlaya) 3. AsthA aura saM. sureza jaina, 1999 jJAnodaya vidyApITha anveSaNa AI.e.esa. bhopAla 4. Atma-mImAMsA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 1953 jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa 5. AcArAMga kA sAdhvI DA. priyadarzanA 1995 pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna nItizAstra vArANasI 6. Agama aura tripiTaka muni nagarAja DI. liT 1969 zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI eka anuzIlana mahAsabhA kolakAtA 7. Agama yuga kA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 1990 zrI jaina zvetAmbara mevAr3A jaina darzana pArzvanAtha tIrtha mevAnagara 8. uttarAdhyayana vA. pra. AcArya tulasI 1992-93 jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM saMpAdaka AcArya mahAprajJa 9. aupapAtika niyojaka zrI kanhaiyAlAla 2015 a. bhA. zve. sthA. mahArAja prathama AvRtti jaina zAstroddhAra samiti mu. rAjakoTa (saurASTra) 10. karmavAda AcArya mahAprajJa 1986, Adarza sAhitya saMgha 2000 cUrU 11. karmagrantha lekhaka, devendra sUri javAharalAla nAhaTA saM. sukhalAla saMghavI jaina pustaka pracAraka maNDala, AgarA 12. kenopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa ema. e. zAstrI gItA presa gorakhapura 13. kaThopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa ema. e. zAstrI gItA presa gorakhapura 14. gaNadharavAda jina bhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa 1982 samyag pracAra maMDala anu.paM dalasukha mAlavaNiyA jayapura .254 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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15.gommaTasAra nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI 1979 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 16. gItA rahasya le. bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka 1928 rAmacandra balavaMta saMskaraNa 7vAM tilaka nArAyaNapeTa 17. grIka darzana le. jagadIza sahAya 1981 kitAba mahala 15 kA itihAsa zrIvAstava tRtIya saMskaraNa thArnahila roDa ilAhAbAda 18. jJAnArNava upA. yazovijaya 1946 jaina grantha prakAzaka sabhA, rAjanagara 19. ciMtana kI manobhUmi upAdhyAya amaramunijI 1970 sanmati jJAnapITha, jaina vidyA zodha saMsthAna AgarA 20. chAMdogyopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa ema. e. zAstrI gItA presa gorakhapura 21.jainadarzana : manana muni nathamala 1973 Adarza sAhitya saMgha aura mImAMsA prakAzana 22. jaina darzana meM jaina lAlacaMda 1984 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama Atma vicAra zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 23. jaina karma siddhAMta kA DaoN. ravindranAtha mizra 1993 pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna udbhava aura vikAsa pITha vArANasI 24. jaina darzana cintana- siMha, rAmajI 1993 jaina vizva bhAratI anuciMtana lADanUM 25. jaina AcAra siddhAMta devendra muni zAstrI 1982 zrI tAraka guru jaina aura svarUpa graMthAlaya 26. jaina darzana meM le. sAdhvI DaoN. jJAnaprabhA vi.2051 zrI ratana jaina jIva tattva ema.e.,pIecaDI prathama pustakAlaya A. AnaMda saMskaraNa RSi mArga, vurUDa gAMva 27. jaina darzana le. AcArya mahAprajJa 2000 Adarza sAhitya saMgha ke mUlasUtra 28. jaina darzana aura le. muni nagarAja AtmArAma enDa sansa Adhunika vijJAna kazmIrI geTa dillI 29. jinasUtra AcArya rajanIza 1976 rajanIza phAuMDezana prathama saMskaraNa cUrU 30.jaina AcAra DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA 1966 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI sandarbha grantha sUcI .255.

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31. jaina dharma muni suzIlakumAra 1958 a. bhA. zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jaina kAnphrensa bhavana naI dillI zrI gaNezaprasAdavarNI jaina graMthamAlA, kAzI 32. jainadarzana DaoN. mahendra nyAyAcArya 1955 33. jaina siddhAMta dIpikA AcArya tulasI Adarza sAhitya saMgha cUrU 34. jaina, bauddha, gItA ke DaoN. sAgara jaina 1982 rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI AcAra darzanoM (bhAga 1,2) saMsthAna, jayapura kA anuzIlana 35. jaina dharma kA maulika AcArya hastImalajI 1974 jaina itihAsa samiti, itihAsa jayapura 36. ThANaM vA. pra. AcArya tulasI vi. 2033 jai. vi. bhA. lADanUM saM. muni nathamala 37. tattvArtha sUtra umAsvAti 1989 seTha maNilAla revAzaMkara jagajIvanarAma jauharI mumbaI 2 38. taittirIyopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa ema. e. zAstrI gItA presa gorakhapura 39. dharma, darzana, manana devendramuni zAstrI 1985 zrI tAraka guru aura mUlyAMkana jaina granthAlaya 40. dasavaikAlika vA. pra. AcArya tulasI 1974 jai. vi. bhAratI saM. muni nathamala lADanUM 41. dIgha nikAya pAli saM. jagadIza kAzyapa 1958 pAli prakAzana maNDala, bihAra 42. darzana aura cintana paM. sukhalAla saMghavI 1957 gujarAta vidyA sabhA, ahamadAbAda 43. dravya vijJAna sAdhvI DaoN. vidyut prabhA 1994 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI (zodha prabaMdha) jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 44. darzana zAstra paricaya jArjaTAmasa vhAiTa paiTrika 1984 hariyANA sAhitya akAdamI, caNDIgar3ha tRtIya saMskaraNa 45. nyAya sUtra gautama 1976 bauddha bhAratI vArANasI 1 .2568 -jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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46. pAtaMjala yoga darzana maharSi pataMjali 1956 gItA presa gorakhapura tRtIya saMskaraNa 47. paramAtma prakAza yogIndudeva 1988 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka yogasAra maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) 48. paMcAstikAya kundakundAcArya 1986 zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) 49. pravacanasAra saM. DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye 1964 zrImad rAjacandra jaina graMthamAlA, gujarAta 50. prajJApanA sUtra pradhAna saMpAdaka 1993 zrI Agama prakAzana yuvAcArya madhukara muni dvi. saMskaraNa samiti byAvara (rAja.) 51. pramukha jainAgamoM meM jaina sAdhvI suprabhA 1994 bherUlAla mAMgIlAla bhAratIya darzana kumArI 'sudhA' dharmAvata bar3A bAjAra ke tattva udayapura 52. paraloka vijJAna akhila bhAratIya vikrama pariSad, kAzI 53. praznopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa, upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa ema. e. zAstrI gItA presa, gorakhapura 54. pAzcAtya darzana le. DaoN. badrInAtha siMha sTraDeNTsa phreNDsa (bI.ena.siMha) eNDa kampanI 55. bhagavatI sUtra vA. pra. gaNAdhipati tulasI 1994 jai. vi. bhA. saMsthAna saM. bhA. AcArya mahAprajJa lADanUM 56. bhAratIya darzana DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan 1965 rAjapAla eNDa sansa dillI 6 57. bhAratIya darzana DaoN. umeza mizra 1957 sUcanA vibhAga, uttara pradeza sarakAra, lakhanaU 58. bhagavatI ArAdhanA zivakoTyAcArya 1935 digambara jaina granthamAlA sakhArAma nemIcandra zolApura 59. muNDakopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa esa.e. zAstrI gItA presa, gorakhapura 60. mANDukyopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka cimanalAla gosvAmI caturtha saMskaraNa esa.e. zAstrI gItA presa, gorakhapura sandarbha grantha sUcI - .257.

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61. mAnava cetanA svarUpa bhUmitradeva kulapati aura vikAsa ruhelakhaMDa vizvavidyAlaya barelI 62. yogazAstra AcArya hemacandra jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, mumbaI caukhambA prakAzana vArANasI 63. yogavArtika vijJAna bhikSu 1935 64. vizva prahelikA le. muni mahendra le. muni amarendra vijaya 65. vijJAna aura adhyAtma 1969 javerI prakAzana mATuMgA mumbaI zirIzacandra zivahare dI phAina ArTa priMTiMga presa ajamera rAja. 2055 kalyANa upaniSad aMka caturtha saMskaraNa gItA presa gorakhapura 1986 rAjapAla enDa sansa kazmIrI geTa, dillI 66. vRhadAraNyakopaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra cimanalAla gosvAmI ema. e. zAstrI 67. vizva kA mahAn vizvamitra zarmA vaijJAnika DAravina vizvamitra zarmA 1986 68. vizva kA mahAn vaijJAnika nyUTana rAjapAla enDa sansa kazmIrI geTa, dillI AcArya tulasI 1969 69. zrI bhikSu nyAya karNikA Adarza sAhitya saMgha 70. sUyagaDo 1984 jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM vA. pra. AcArya tulasI saM. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa vA. pra. AcArya tulasI saM. AcArya mahAprajJa 71. samavAo 1984 jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM 72. samayasAra kundakundAcArya 1982 zrI paramazrutu prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa (gujarAta) cokhambA vidyA bhavana vArANasI 73. sarvadarzana saMgraha anu. pro. umAzaMkara zarmA. RSi 74. syAdvAda maMjarI saM. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina 75. zvetAzvataropaniSad saM. hanumAnaprasAda poddAra cimanalAla gosvAmI ema. e. zAstrI 1969 paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala agAsa gujarAta 2055 kalyANa, upaniSad aMka caturtha saMskaraNa gItA presa, gorakhapura .2580 - jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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sahAyaka grantha sUcI 1. uttaradAyI kauna? AcArya mahAprajJa 1984 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 2. citta aura mana AcArya mahAprajJa 1992 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 3. adhyAtma vidyA yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 1994 jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM 4. darzana zAstra baladeva zarmA 1991 yUnika TreDarsa, jayapura kA itihAsa 5. Atma mImAMsA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 1953 jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala, banArasa 6. IzAvAsyopaniSad 2017 gItA presa, gorakhapura 7. sAMkhya kArikA 1950 sAhitya niketana, kAnapura 8. jaina dharma jIvana sAdhvI kanaka 1992 jaina vizva bhAratI aura jagat prathama saMskaraNa lADanUM 9. karma vijJAna upAcArya devendra muni 1990 zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya 10. grIka darzana kA jagadIza sahAya zrIvAstava 1981 kitAba mahala 15 thAna vaijJAnika itihAsa hila roDa ilAhAbAda 11. pAzcAtya darzana kA DaoN. rAmanAtha zarmA 1983-84 kedAranAtha kaoNleja aitihAsika vivecana pra. saM. roDa mairaTha 12. Agamayuga kA paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA 1990 prAkRta bhAratI jaina darzana dvi. saM. akAdamI, jayapura 13. AcArAMga cayanikA DaoN. kamalacaMda sogANI 1998 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI ca. saM. jayapura 14. jaina bhAratI le AryikA jJAnamatI 2057 digambara jaina triloka mAtAjI zodha saMsthAna hastinApura 15. jaina dharma kA maulika le. AcArya hastImala 2000 jaina itihAsa samiti itihAsa pra. saM. lAla bhavana caur3A rAstA, jayapura 16. astitva kA le. DaoN. mukti prabhA 1995 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI mUlyAMkana pra. saM. jayapura 17. zarIra aura zarIra anu. mahezacandra guptA oksaphorDa yUnivarsiTI kriyA vijJAna madrAsa 18. Adhunika vijJAna le. gaNeza muni zAstrI 1962 AtmArAma enDa sansa aura ahiMsA kazmIrI geTa dillI sandarbha grantha sUcI .259.

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19. sAmAnya manovijJAna le. DaoN. esa. esa. mAthura le. AcArya bhikhaNajI 20. navapadArtha 21. M.A. kA patrAcAra korsa 22. AcArya zaMkara 23. kozikA vijJAna sUkSma jaivikI evaM jaiva takanIkI *2600 anu. zrIcaMdajI rAmapuriyA 1961 bI. kaoNma, bI. ela. saMskaraNa svAmI apUrvAnanda navam pI. ela. pArikha e. ke. bhaTanAgara sudhIra bhArgava 1996 vinoda pustaka maMdira jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA 3 poryugIja carca sTrITa kolakAtA - 1 jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM svAmI brahmasthAnaMda rAmakRSNa maTha dhantolI nAgapura alkA pablikezaMsa purAnI maMDI, ajamera * jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana

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mAcaraNa mAkkhA tAlADanU ISBN 81-7195-084-1