Studies In Sanskrit Sahitya Shastra

Author(s): V M Kulkarni
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology

Page 33

Sanskrit Sahityaŝastra
(i) Asato nibandhanam (Describing things which are not actually found in certain places to be present at those places; (ii) Satopi anibandhanam (ignoring facts, not describing some things as existing even when they exist); and (iii) Niyamataḥ (artificial restrictions on the existence of things; restricting a thing to a particular place). The following table gives all these varieties at a glance:
T स्वय
(8) असतो निबन्धनम्
Gifa
I
(R) सतोऽप्यनिबन्धनम्
(४) असतो निबन्धनम्
(3)
नियमः
द्रव्य
सतोऽप्यनिबन्धनम्
कविसमय 1
भौम
1
(७)
aquat
निबन्धनम्
I
गुण
T
(<) सतोऽप्यनिबन्धनम्
(6)
नियमः
T
(१०) असतो निबन्धनम्
(९)
नियमः
(૨૬) सतोऽप्यनिबन्धनम्
पातालीय
क्रिया
21
(૨) नियमः
It may be noted that Rajasekhara's statement 'svargya' is like 'bhauma', and 'pātallya like 'bhauma' and 'svargya' indicates that the twelve sub-divisions of 'bhauma' are equally applicable in the case of 'svargya' and 'pätällya". He, however, does not attempt to illustrate them in due order as in the case of 'bhauma' varieties but satisfies himself by casually mentioning only a few examples.
These twelve varieties of 'Bhauma Kavisamaya' may be explained and illustrated as follows:
(1) Every river has, not necessarily lotuses in it. Every reservoir of water does not have swans. Every mountain does not have gold and jewels. But poetic convention allows poets to describe that lotuses exist in all rivers, swans in every reservoir or pond, and that every mountain has gold and jewels.
(2) Some things that actually exist in a particular place or at a particular time are supposed by poetic convention as not existing. For example, in spring Malati flowers are actually seen blooming; sandal trees do have flowers and fruit; Aśoka trees bear fruit; but poetic convention ignores these facts: the Mälat is denied the right to exist in spring; sandal trees are said to have neither flowers nor fruit; and Aśokas are denied fruit.