Studies In Sanskrit Sahitya Shastra

Author(s): V M Kulkarni
Publisher: B L Institute of Indology

Page 44

32
Rajasekhara19 criticises Rudrața for laying down kaku-vakrokti as a figure of sound :
"abhiprāyavān pāṇhadharmaḥ kākuḥ sa katham alaṁkārt sydd !" iti Yayavartyaḥ...."kāku is a quality of recitation or reading-a modulation of voice, trying to bring out the meaning intended by the poet. It can never be designated as an alamkara"-says Rajasekhara.
He then classifies kāku, after Bharata, into two varieties. He defines these two varieties as
That which raises an expectancy about another sentence is sākānkṣā whereas that which comes into being with the stopping of the given sentence is nirākänkṣā. A sentence can become sakänkta with a particular kaku whereas with a different kaku it can become nirākänkṣa also. Sākākṣa kāku is threefold, being based upon akşepa (nisedha), praśna and vitarka, nirākāñkṣā kāku, too, is threefold, being based upon vidhi, uttara and nirṇaya. These divisions may be shown in a tabular form as :
1
Lākāñk şü
aksepagarbha prasnagarbha vitarka
garbha
Studies in
kāku
T
nirākänkşa
vidhirupā uttararupā nirṇayarūpā
(nişedhagarbha)
Rajasekhara illustrates these varieties with suitable examples and clarifies their interrelation with the remark that the three varieties of säkänkṣā kāku are necessarily and invariably related to the corresponding three varieties of nirakänksa kaku. To take one case, a sentence read or recited with a particular intonation suggests a meaning which is of the nature of akşepa (censure) or is negative in character, and is termed aktepagarbha or nisedharüpa kaku. If this very sentence is read or recited with a different intonation the meaning turns affirmative in character, and this variety. is called vidhirupā kāku.
Infinite, however are the varieties of kaku, says Rajasekhara, which are not thus interconnected. He then gives four stanzas with different kauks. The kākus understood in any of these stanzas, are without any definite relation between them as found in the first six varieties. He names these varieties as
(i) abhyupagama-anunayakaku
(ii) abhyanujñā-upahāsakāku
(iii) triyogakāku (where three käkus, not interrelated, are found)
(iv) caturyogakāku (where four kåkus, not interdependent, are found).
19 Kavyamimämsä VII, pp. 31-33 (Baroda edition).