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Sanskrit Sāhityaśāstra
111
ssion' but secondarily and pointedly refers to Sakuntalā. Here there is a foreshadowing of the union of the hero and the heroine. Besides the example quoted from the Ratnāvali Act III, Abh. mentions an instance from the Nāgānanda. This is also quoted by the NL., and the ND. The hero is determined to save Sankhacüda by offering himself as a victim but he needs a pair of red garments which are the symbol of the victim. Sankhacūda refuses point blank to hand over his symbol, but the Kañcukin offers him red garments sent by Mitrāvasu's mother which serve his purpose admirably. Thus in the first instance there is the accomplishment of one ‘prayojana' instead of another, in the second of one 'upāya' instead of another. The NS. defines the second Patākāsthānaka as a hyperbolical statement, in verse (employed for rhetorical embellishment), which is applicable in two ways.
The NL. and the SD. illustrate this variety with Veņi 1. 7. The apparent meaning here is a pious wish for the good of the Kauravas, but the suggested meaning conveys the idea of the death of the Kauravas and party. These two meanings are due to double-meaning words like “rakta,' 'vigraha' etc. This example, however, can not be legitimately accepted as illustrating this variety as it leaves no distinguishing feature between this and the fourth variety.5a The R. quotes the famous passage (....fra: 391ga:) from the Uttararāmacarita as an example of this variety but obviously this is wrong. The example given by the Abh., which is also quoted by the ND., is the most appropriate : In the Rāmābhyudaya, Act III, Sugriva has the following message for Sitā : "Why waste words on this ? Rāma will very shortly, O Queen, bring you back even if you are kept on the other shore of the ocean." Here the hyperbolic words "aitsta ga: ffala' prove fully applicable in the case of Sitā. Rāghavabhatta points out that the suggestive sentence uttered from behind the curtain "चक्कवाअवहुए आमंतेहि सहअर । उवहिआ रअणी ।" is an example of the second Patakasthānaka. This sentence is clearly Aprastutaprašamā (Anyokti): It bids the female Cakravāka say farewell to her spouse, a command whose application to the case of the King and Sakuntalā is immediately appreciated by the audience.
The third variety of Patākāsthānaka is thus defined : When a character is in doubt as to whether a particular matter relating to the plot would occur or not and when this doubt is removed by a reply of another character given in a different context, which proves applicable in two ways, we have the third Patākāsthānaka.
4. The ND. gives one more example from the Nalaviläsa of this type where instead of one 'pra yojana there is secured another 'prayojana' : The King who is ready to prevent the fight between Vidusaka and Käpalika comes to possess the portrait of Damayanti.
5. This definition is found quoted by the NL., the BP. and the R. The SD. reads a T IG ACRTHF1974 This, however, does not materially affect the definition. The word Ślista in this definition means 'fittingly applicable in two ways', and 'Sātisaya' hyperbolic (Cf. Atisayokti).
Sa. See infra. 6. This is admittedly a free rendering. Ghosh translates :
That which suggests with courtesy the object of a play in subtle manner and in the form of a dialogue, is called the Third Episode Indication,
