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Sanskrit Sähityaśāstra
97
her words as his ears are grated with the harsh words of the ever-irate queen. The instance given by the Avaloka is “a scene from the Ratnāvali where Vāsavadattā having clearly perceived the king's attachment to Sāgarikā orders her maid-servant to bind Viduşaka and Sāgarikā in fetters and take them away."
(11) Adhibala (or at ibala-RS.) is a deception practised on others (with a view to accomplishing the object in hand). Thus in the Ratnāvali Väsavadattā outwits the king by disguising herself as Sāgarikā.
According to some theorists adhibala is the opposite of toțaka, but this view does not seem to be correct for then there would hardly be any distinction between it and paryupāsana.
(12) Udvega is fear arising from the king, an enemy or a robber. When the queen outwits the king and the Vidūşaka, the latter expresses fear caused by the queen's fury. Or, when Sāgarikā, is taken prisoner she is terribly afraid of the queen as is seen in her remark that she is not allowed even to die an honorable death (Ratnāyali Act III). These are instances of Udvega.
(13) Vidrava (Sambhrama) is apprehension caused by something dreadful or frightening. The Abh. illustrates it by the king's apprehension that Vasavadattā would put an end to her life because of his deep love for Sāgarikā (Ratnāvali Act III. 15) Others like Sankuka define vidrava as apprehension, fear and fright. Sankuka illustrates it by a passage from the Krtyārāvana (Act VI): From behind the curtain Mandodari cries 'help' 'help' !.... The Pratithāri reports to Rāvana that there is uproar in the harem. Rāyaṇa apprehends some trouble and asks the Pratihāri to find out what it is about." Here we notice 'apprehension' of Rāvana, fear and fright of the Pratihāri. The ND., too, quotes this example to illustrate vidrava.
The DR. defines sambhrama (=vidrava) as 'fear and trembling'. The ND. comments on it : The most important of these sub-divisions of the garbha, are : 1 abhūtāharana 2 Mārġa 3 toțaka 4 adhibala and aksepa. The rest are to be employed when possible.
The garbha sandhi extends over the Veni. Acts III and IV. Bhima's speech from behind the curtain wherein he declares his intention of slaughtering Duśśāsana who has fallen into his clutches and the speeches of Aśvatthāman that refer to Bhima's drinking of Duśśāsana's blood, and certain stanzas of Act IV that foreshadow the slaying of Duryodhana represent the prāptyāśā (Prospect of Success) which corresponds to the garbha sandhi. The quarrel between Aśvatthäman and Kaiņa helps the Pāņdavas in their victory over the Kurus. From that point of view this episode may be regarded as patākā69.
The Vimarśa (or Ava marśa) has thirteen sub-divisions :
69 See supra for the nature and definition of patākā. 13
