Swadhyay 1996 Vol 33 Ank 03 04

Author(s): Rajendra I Nanavati
Publisher: Prachyavidya Mandir Maharaja Sayajirao Vishvavidyalay
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/536129/1

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E A ]] ]] vAdhyAya ane saMzodhananuM bhA8i . IPLINEEDS TO.GLIRY COPY pustaka 32 aMka 3-4 asyatRtIyA a ne janmASTamI vi. saM. 205 2 ORIENTAL ANSTITUTE TORT Bai 2 rAvaNAdi citra [ prAcyavidyAmandira, hastaprata kra. 12382 ] saMpAdaka 4 rAjendra AI, nANAvaTI IRAO UM WIVERSITY OF BAROD satyAziya sundarama mAgyavidhAmandira, mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA. For Private and Personal Use Only

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zIlanI zailajA-I. sa.nI pAMcamI-chaThThI sadI pheTo : narottama palANa [ citranI samajUtI mATe juo A aMkamAM narottama palANane lekha ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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kvA dhyA ya (akSayatRtIyA ane janmASTamI aMka) pustaka 30, aMka 3-4 vi. saM. 2052 eprila-sapTembara 1996 pukA 105-114 115-128 129-134 135-146 147-164 1 sAhitya dvArA saMvAditA-rAjendra AI. nANAvaTI 2 bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA-nareza veda * 3 saMskRta va DumayamAM mULa grantha ane bhAgya ke TIkAone saMbaMdha -vasaMta gi. parIkha 4 saMskRta granthanA sandarbhe pAThasamIkSAzAstrane pravRti-vikalpa - vasantakumAra ma. bhaTTa 5 manuSya ane rAjya-saMbaMdha aMge zrI araviMda-harasiddha joSI ke jenadazanane anekAntavAda-eka vicAravimarza--sI vI. rAvala 7 " " (pA 1/3/3) sUtranI dhirAvRtti ane paMDitarAja jagannAtha - kamalezakumAra che. cekasI saMskRta chanda zAstramAM be jaina lekhako jayadeva ane jayakIrtinuM pradAna-gaviMdalAla zaM. zAha 9 eka nUtana upalabdhiH zIlanI zailajA-nattama palANa 10 manthAvalokana ane sAbhAra svIkAra 165-178 179-194 195-200 200(ka-dha) 201-208 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nAlAla pustaka : 33 akSayatRtIyA ane janmASTamI, vi. saM. 2012 eprila-sapTembara-1996 aMka 3-4 sAhitya dvArA saMvAditA rAjendra nANAvaTIjha akhila bhAratIya sAhitya pariSada ane mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInA gujarAtI vibhAganA saMyukta upakrame yojAyelA A parisaMvAdamAM mane uddadhATaka tarIke sAmela karavA mATe huM Apa sone AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A pariSa6 Ama te bhAratanI prAdezika bhASAonA sAhityane parAmarza karavA tAkatI haze ema huM mAnuM chuM, paNuM A dezanI badhI bhASAo kayAM te saMsakRta mULanI che athavA saMskRtathI atyaMta prabhAvita che, eTale saMskRta bhASAnA koIka vidyArthI pAse A parisaMvAdano AraMbha karAvIe te A badhI bhASAomAM rahelI ekasutratA- saMvAditAne nirdeza paNa emAM ApoApa thaI jAya evA koI AzayathI Ape mane A kAma soMpyuM haze, ema huM samaja che. A nimitte Apa sau vividha bhASAonA vividha pradezanA vidvAne vacce upasthita rahevAne avasara maLyo ene paNa huM mAruM sadabhAgya samajuM chuM. huM jANuM chuM ke, kAlidAsanA zabdomAM kahuM, to mafmaviSTA paricima, A vidvAnanI pariSada beThI che, temAM mAhitI first-vidAnane pariteSa sudhIne te prayAsa paNa atidurdhaTa hoya; chatAM huM ema paNa jANuM chuM ke uSATaka tarIke koI paNa parisaMvAdamAM prathama besanArane paNa phAyadA hoya che. e je kaMchI bele te e parisaMvAda pUratuM te pahelavaheluM ja bolAtuM hoya che, eTale emAM punaruktine doSa naDatA nathI. vaLI e je kaMI bole temAM parisaMvAda AgaLa vadhatAM sudhArA-vadhArA, kApakUpa, umerA, lakha- cheka-bheMsa-cerane avakAza heya che eTale e bahu vyavasthita ke bahu tarkabaddha na bele te nabhI jAya. e mAtra sUtrapAta kare 5chI taMtu te bIjAoe AgaLa calAvavAne che. svAdayAya', pR. 34, aMka-, akSayatRtIyA-jamASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996 5, 105-114, * akhila bhAratIya sAhitya pariSadu ( gujarAta zAkhA ) tema ja gujarAtI vibhAga ( kalAsaMkAya, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA )nA saMyukta upakrame vaDerA mukAme tA. 1-2 mArca 1997nA divase e jAyelA rASTrIya parisaMvAda " sAhitya dvArA saMvAditAnuM dUdhATana karatAM ApeluM pravacana. 1 x niyAmaka, prAcyavidyA maMdira, vaDodarA-1. (bI-103, rAjasamI sosAyaTI, janA pAdarA reDa, vaDodarA-ka90 007). For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjendra nANAvaTI eTale ughATakane prathama vaktA tarIke viSayane mAtra achaDato nirdeza karavAnI paNa chUTa hoya che. A badhI daSTie jotAM mane A AkhA ye parisaMvAdamAM sauthI sahale maneyatna ApI daI ne paNa parisaMvAdamAM dAkhala pADI devAmAM huM Apa sau mArA vidvAna mitrone mArA pratyeno prema ane saddabhAva rahelo jouM chuM, ane e mATe huM Apane RNuM chuM, ane saMskRta sAhityanI theDIka, mane samajAI evI, sAdhAraNa, uparachallI vAta karatAM karatAM ApaNI vacce saMvAditAne setu sadhAze evI AzA vyakta karuM chuM. sAhitya dvArA saMvAditA' e viSayanI vAta karIe tyAre kuntake batAvyuM che te pramANe sAhitya ' saMjJA pite ja kAvyanAM samaya aMgenI parama saMvAditA pragaTa kare che. zabda ane arthanA paraspara avinAbhAvane vicAra paNa prAcIna hovAne saMbhava che, paNa spaSTarUpe pahelavahelo e pataMjalimAM pragaTa thayo che. paMtajali kahe che: tire zAthaMlaHje zabda ane arthane saMbaMdha siha-nitya che e gRhItanA pAyA upara pANininuM vyAkaraNazAstra racAyuM che. kAlidAsa radhuvaMzanA maMgalamalekamAM divyayugalanI stuti karatAM A zabdArtha saMbaMdhane upamAnanuM gorava bakSe che. vAgarthAviva saMpRktI vAgarSapratipattaye / jagata: pitarau vanve pArvatIparamezvarI // (vANI ane arthanI prApti mATe vANI ane artha jevAM ja saMpRh-abhinna otaprota-jagatanAM mAtApitA pArvatI paramezvarane vaMdu chuM.) pArvatI ane paramezvaranA yugala svarUpane-kadAcita ardhanArIzvara 25ne-ahI vANI ane arthanA saMparkanI-paraspara saMpuktatvanI-abhinna otapratapaNAnI avasthAnI upamA apAI che. bhAmaha jyAre kAvyanI rAjA sahita evI vyAkhyA Ape che tyAre ene A ja vAta kahevI che-ane kuntaka bhAmahanI ja vyAkhyAne vistArIne emAMnI patinI vyAkhyAne vizada karatAM samajAve che ke "kAvyamAM dareka zabda bIjA zabda eTale ja suMdara hoya, dareka artha paNa bIjA artha jeTalo ja ramaNuya heya, kAvyamAM suMdara arthane vyakta karavA mATe pUrata samartha evo vAcaka zabda paNa eTale ja sundara hoya arthAta kAvyanA zabdo vAcavAcaka tarIke paNa paraspara anurU5-saMvAdI hoya ane evA ja suMdara zabda ane suMdara arthe guNAlaMkAronI saMpattine pragaTa karavAmAM paraspara spardhA karatA hoya, AkhA kAvyanA zabdo ane artho ramaNIyatAnI bAbatamAM parasparanI spardhA karatA hoya, ekeya zabda ke artha Uge na hoya, 1 paMtajaliphata mAmA cam 1, 1, 1. - 2 kAlidAsakRta raghuvaMrAma 1. 1. 3 bhAmahakRta karAzADhAra 1, 16a For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya hAza saMvAditA e badhA suMdara zabdo-arthenI eka akhaMDa suMdara samagratayA susaMvAdI bhAta racAya te kAvya." samama racanAmAM suMdara vastunI yathAtatha cogya abhivyakti racAya, adequate expression sadhAya te kAvya. zivapArvatInA ardhanArIzvara yugala svarUpa jevuM zabda-arthanuM, vastu ane abhivyaktinuM akhaMDa sahitatva-abhi-na anurUpatva-saMvAditatva racAya te sAhitya. A ja saMvAditA darzAvavA kadAca abhinava kAlidAsanuM smaraNa karAvatAM kahe cheH artha: rAma: zivA vaannii| kAvyanAM samagra aMgonI paraspara saMvAditAne Avo ja khyAla Anandavardhane cIMdhelA aucityanA vyApaka lakSamAM paNa rahelo che. rasadhvanine kendrasthAne sthApIne pachI Anandavardhana guNe rasa pramANe hovA joIe, kRtiduSTAdi doSa paNa rasanI saMvAditAnA lakSaNathI anitya deSo bane che, alaMkArone paNa prayatnapUrvaka rasadhvaninAM aMga tarIke ja nirUpavAM joie, anuraNanavyaMgyamAM paNa kAvyapadArthanuM jyAM te naisargika rIte athavA te pachI kavinI ke kavinA pAtranI daSTi-proDhaktinuM citya hovuM joIe, saMdhaTanA paNa rasa uparAMta viSayavastune anurUpa hovI joIe * ema batAvatA jaIne chevaTe AnaMdavardhana kahe che : saMvaSoAtanAM mota savaMga phaMti nA ...15 (kAvyanI racanA badhe ja sabadha dvArA nirdiSTa aucityanA Azraye rahe tyAre ja zobhe che.) kuntaka paNa padayojanAne mAdhuryaguNa, arthajanAne prasAda, bandhayojanAno lAvaNyaguNa ane vastusvabhAvane AbhijAtyaguNa ema kAvyanAM badhAM bAghAMtara aMgene guNenI saMkalpanAmAM AvarI lIdhA pachI chelle A badhAmAM vyApane ane A badhAthI upara evo aucitya guNa be rIte varNave che ke eka te ucita varNana te aucitya, vastune svabhAva jenAthI barAbara pivAya te aucitya, 2 ane bIja', vaktA pitAnA anubhavane anurUpa rIte vastune raju kare te paNa 4 kunta karacita vakTokisavita: 1,7 upara vani: sahitAvityatrApi yathAyukti svajAtIyApekSayA zabdasya zabdAntareNa vAcyasya vA yAcyAmtareNa ca sAhityaM parasparaspaSitvalakSaNameva vivakSitam / - saM. de. esa. ke. kalakattA, 9, pR. 12. 5 sabhyo -- 6 AnandavardhanakRta thayA: .1-10. 7 ejana. 2. 11. 8 ejana 2.19 nirthakAva gAma nena prasthayezananA rUpakAderalAravargasyAjasvasAdhanam / / 9 ejana. 2 24, 10 ejana 3.7. viSapAzrayamaumo ta nipati | 1 ejana. 3, 9. 12 vakroktijIvitam 1.53 Ajasena svabhAvasya mahattvaM yena poSyate / prakAreNa tadaucityamucitAlyAnajIvitam // For Private and Personal Use Only

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rAjendra nANAvaTI aucitya.17 pahelA prakAramAM kSemendrane A aucityavicAra 14 AvI gayuM che, jyAre bIjo prakAra eka bAju AnaMdavardhane varNavelA kavioDhokti ke kavaracita pAtraprauDhaktinA aucitya sAthe saMkaLAya che to ene bIjo cheDo cheka ApaNuM kALanA kathAnakanA Viewpoint nA vicAra sudhI laMbAya che. kSemendra aucitya-siddhAMta sthApavA prayatna karyo ane te saphaLa na thayo tenAM kAraNe vicAratAM evuM lAge che ke aucityane saMpratyaya sApekSa che, "zene ucita" ema pUchavuM paDe emAM jene ucita tenuM prAdhAnya ApoApa sthapAI jAya che eTale aucitya kAvyane AtmA nathI banI zakatuM. bIjI bAju citya ane saMvAditAnA saMpratyaye lagabhaga sarakhA jaNAtA hovA chatAM aucitya kevaLa ekamArgI kendranirdezI siddhAMta che, jyAre saMvAditAne saMpratyaya ubhayamArgI che, e potAnA arthavyApamAM kendrane paNa samAvI leta ane kendra tathA aMgenA paraspara saMbaMdhane vyApaka rIte samagrapaNe nirdeza karate saMpratyaya che e bheda paNa ghaNo mahattva che. saMvAditAnuM eka bIjuM pAsuM avirodhanuM athavA virAdhatyAganuM che ema paNa saMkuna kAvyazAstrIoe batAvyuM che. jema zratika Tu padayAjanA e deva che chatAM rodra-bIbhatsa-bhayAnaka jevA rasonA AlekhanamAM e doSarUpa maTIne, guNarUpa bane che, tethI e haMmezA deSarUpa ja nathI, anitya doSa che.15 tevI ja rIte keTalAka saMjogomAM virodhI rase pazu virodha tyajIne paraspara saMvAditApUrvaka sahAvasthiti kare che, sAthe rahe che. enuM bahu jANItuM udAharaNa A apAya che : kSipto hastAvalagnaH prasabhamabhihato'pyAdadAnIM'zukAntaM gahana kezeSvapAstaH caraNanipatito nekSitaH saMbhrameNa / AliGgan yo'vadhUtastripurayubatibhiH sAzrunetrotpalAbhiH kAmIvApirAdhaH sa bahatu duritaM zAmbhavo va: zarAgniH // taratanA ja aparAdhI kAmI jevA jene AMsu bharelI tripuranI yuvatIoe hAthe vaLage te jhATakI nAkhe, vastrane cheDe pakaDavA gayo te jorathI haDaselI mUka, keza jhAlavA gaye te jhATakI nAkhe, pagamAM paDe te saMbhramane kAraNe jo nahI, AliMgavA gayo te khaMkherI nAkhe te zaMbhunAM bANene agni tamArAM duritane bALI nAkhA ". ahIM kharekhara te agninI jvALAo ane tripuranI yuvationI ceSTAomAM bhayAnaka rasa che, chatAM tenuM Alekhana zRMgArarasanA vibhAvAdinI madadathI karyuM che. bhayAnaka ane zRMgAra virodhI raso che, chatAM e baMne ahI zivanI bhaktinA sAdhanarUpe prayojAyA hevAthI apradhAna 13 ejana, 154 yatra gamatu: vALuM zamatinAzinA AcchAdyate svabhAvena tadapyaucityamucyate // 14 juo enuM bauvijAva. 15 groH 2. 11, For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya dvArA saMpAditA 109 gaNata-aMgarUpa banyA che tethI paraspara virodhI chatAM ahIM eka sAthe mUkIne saMvAditApUrvaka nirUpI zakAya che. virodhatyAga dvArA saMvAditAnI AvI bIjI paNa keTalIka avasthAe saMskRta kAvyazAstramAM AlekhAI che. sAhityazAstra karatAM sAhityakRtinI vAta jarUra vadhAre rasaprada bane. kAlidAsane ja laie. ene ApaNe saMvAditAne kavi ja kahyo che. saMvAditAnAM keTalAM badhAM svarUpa enA graMthamAM prakaTe che. raghuvaMzamAM raghu digvajaya karavA nIkaLe che tyAre je kramamAM e pradezane chatane jAya che te ja te samajAya ke bhAratanA pUrva cheDethI zarU karIne samudrane kAMThe kAMThe AgaLa vadhatA e bhAratanI pradakSiNA ja kare che. bAkI hatuM te IndumatIne svayaMvaramAM AvelA AryAvartana madhyavartI rAjAonAM18 samRddhigauravanuM varNana karatI vakhate sunaMdA pUruM karI Ape che. haju A bhU-yAtrA ane bhAratanI samRddhinuM sauMdaryavarNana aparyApta heya tema kAlidAsa rAvaNavadhalaMkAvijaya pachI sItA sAthe AkAzamArge puSpaka vimAnamAM AvatA rAmanA mukheda dakSiNa laMkAthI lagabhaga bhAratanA uttara cheDe ayodhyA sudhInA pradezane vihaMgama daSTie varNave che emAM samama bhAratanI bhAvAtmaka-AdhyAtmika saMvAditAnuM adbhuta darzana dekhAya che. zAkuntalamAM vaLI saMvidhAnanI racanAnI jadI ja saMvAditAo pragaTa thAya che. zAkantalanA AraMbha, madhya ane aMtamAM RSionI upasthiti che. zuMgAra ane hAsyane ApaNe paraspara pUraka-anukuLa mAnyA hovA chatAM kAlidAsa zakuntalA ane vidUSakane kayAMya bhegA thavA detA nathI, prayatnapUrvaka jamAM ja rAkhe che. AzramanAM sthAne pahelA aMkamAM je krame nirdeza che tenAthI barAbara ulaTA kramamAM cothA aMkamAM nirdeza che, ane pAcho sAtamA aMkamAM e ja krame samAMtara pAtro-sthAnene nirdeza che. vaccenA cethA aMkanI be bAjue aMko paraspara viruddha bhAvane nirUpatA jaNAya che, AkhAye nATakamAM eka cakranemikrama jevI vartulAkAra kAryagati-bhAvagati anubhavAya che. paNa sauthI mahattvane laya te aMkavAra pAtrapravezane che. pahelA aMkamAM rAjA ane zakuntalA baMne upasthita che; bIjAmAM mAtra rAjA ja che, zakuntalAnuM smaraNa che, zakuntalA nathI; trIjAmAM pAchAM rAjA ane zakuntalA baMne tIvra praNayAtura avasthAmAM maLe che; cethAmAM mAtra zakuntalA ja che, rAjA nathI; pAMcamA aMkamAM pAchAM rAjA ane zakuntalA sAmasAme Ave che, paNa kaThera virachedanI avasthAmAM chaTTAmAM pAchA rAjA ekalA che, zakuntalAne viraha che, zakuntalA nathI; sAtamAmAM vaLI rAjA ane zakuntalA have chUTA na paDAya e rIte maLe che. pahelAmAM puruSa ane strI, bIjAmAM mAtra puruSa; vaLI trIjAmAM puruSa ane strI, cothAmAM ane nATayanA kendramAM mAtra strI; pAMcamAmAM pAcho puruSa ane strI, chaThThAmAM mAtra puruSa, sAtamAmAM 16 ejana. 2. 5. vRtti. 17 raghuvaMrA-sarga 4. 18 raghurA-saga 6. 19 raghuvaMzam sargaH 13. For Private and Personal Use Only

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zaje nANAvaTI pAchAM baMne. Ama AkhA nATakamAM kavi puruSa ane strI, puruSa ane prakRtinA saMdarbhamAM vArApharatI yugala ane ekAkI ane aMte yugala avasthAne eka adabhuta laya racI Ape che. evA layanAM aneka Avarta pachI ja akhaMDa sAyujyanI saMvAditA siddha thaI zake. layamAM saMvAditA, laya dvArA saMvAditAnuM A sahaja dekhAya tevuM udAharaNa. ApaNA vizALa ane vividhyapUrNa lokasAhityane-le kakathAonA bhaMDArane paNa kazIka saMvAditApUrvaka saMyahavAnA prayAso thayA che. boddha jAtakakathAo, dAkhalA tarIke, aneka prakAranI kathAone bodhisattanI avasthAmAM rahelA ane vividha pAramitAone krame krame vikasAvatA-siddha karatA jatA buddhanA pUrva janmonI kathArUpe rajU karAI che. kathAone sAMkaLavAnI TekanIka sAdI che. pahelAM kathA vavAya ane emAMne bodha gAthAmAM kahyA pachI aMte bhagavAna buddha kathAnAM pAtronAM identifications Ape. 10 lagabhaga badhAmAM kathAno nAyaka pUrvAvatAranA buddha pote hAya. A prayukitamAM badhI kathAone ekasUtre sAMkaLavAno prayAsa avazya che, paNa e prayuktinI ekavidhatA-monotony kaThe che. ane e ekavidhatA ja kathAsaMgrahanA svarUpanI saMvAditAnI ADe Ave che. ApaNA be ItihAsamaMthe-rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata-mAM paNa kathAonA saMgrahane A prayAsa dekhAya che. rAmAyaNamAM te vacce vAlamIkinI kathA sacavAI che ane AgaLa-pAchaLa, kAvyanI baMne bAjue upakathAo umerAI che. jANe vacce kAvyapuruSa beThe che, ane be bAju be bAhuomAM eNe kathAsamUhe jALavI rAkhyA che. paNa sauthI viziSTa saMprahaprakAra che mahAbhAratane. vAlmIki jema samAdhimAM beThA pachI emanA AkhA zarIra para jIvajaMtuo-kITakoe vahemIka ( = rAphaDA) bAMdhyA tema bhAratasaMhitAnI vizALa jIvanapaTane AvarI letI anekavidha pAtrovALI saMkula ghaTanAothI racAyelI mahAkathAnA aMgeaMge aneka kathAo prakSepAI, vaLagI, ane mahAbhArata anekavidha kathAone rAphaDo banyuM. chatAM mahAbhAratanI vizeSatA e che ke emAM vividha prakAranI kathA enAM svarUpavaividhya jaLavAyAM. kemake jAtakanI jema badhI ja kathAone eka ja prajana dvArA sAMkaLavAne badale mahAbhAratamAM prajananI paNa vividhatA sadhAI. vIranAyakonA svabhAva sAthe temanA svabhAvane anurUpa kathAo saMkaLAI : ajanane bhAge praNayakathAo AvI, bhImane phALe badhI rAkSasakathAo AvI, dharma rAja yudhiSThira dharma-saMvAdanI 20 dAta. jAtaka naM. 3. rivAminAtane aMtabhAgaH 'tadA vAlavANijo devadatoM ahosi / paNDitavANijo ahaM eka ahosi'ti desanaM miThApesi / 21 jue Adipa 206 (lapI sAthe vivAha), 200 (citrAMgadA sAthe vivAha), 211-2 (subhadrAharaNa). A 22 juo adi5 139-42 (hiDimbavadha), 14-52 (bakAsuravadha ), vana 11 (kiMmaravadha ), 154 (jayasuravadha), virATaparva-12 (matavadha) ityAdi. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya dvArA saMvAditA kathA emAM nAyaka banyA, paMcataMtranA jevI prANIkathAo manuSyanA vartananAM udAharArUpe AvI, 24 vistRta kAvya jevAM upAkhyAne araNyanivAsanA niSkriya paNa dIrdha kALane bharI devA umerAyAM, 25 avatAra kathAo kathAnakane naitika stare vistAravAra 1 ane upaniSadonA jevI kathAo kathAnakane AdhyAtmika stare 27 UMce laI javA prayojAI. ema kathAprakAranA virATa vividhyane samAvI levA mATe prayojanonuM paNuM vaividhya mahAbhAratamAM sadhAyuM. e mATe mULanA vistIrNa ane saMkula dhaTanApaTamAM pUrato avakAza paDyuM hatuM, ane tethI mahAbhArata atyaMta vizALa kathAsaMgraha banavA chatAM e ekavidha nathI banyuM. kathAnakonI aneka tarAho, aneka bhAta emAM jaLavAI che, ane badhI kathAo mULa kathAnaka sAthe saMvAditApUrvaka samAveza pAmI che. eka vizALa kathAnakamAM aneka pAtro hoya, aneka ghaTanAo hoya ane evA dareka pAtra sAthe, dareka prasaMgamAM tene anurUpa kathAo samAviSTa karAvavAnI anukULatA hoya; tethI bhAratayuddhamAM je AkhA AryAvartanI pratiAMnadhi rAjAo A ke te pakSe hatA, te bhAratasaMhitAmAM paNa bhAratanA dareka pradeze pitAnI kathA umerI che; tethI ja, vizALa bhArata jevo ja mahAbhArata e graMtha bane che. tema chatAM ya e samagra kathAbhaMDAra enI samagra vipulatA sAthe, enI vividhatA sAthe, prajanenAM vaividhya dvArA eka ja kathAnakamAM nirvirodha paNe, virodha heya te tenA tyAga dvArA, saMvAditApUrvaka samAveza pAmI zake che. mAtra Unity in Diversity nahIM paNa Harmony in Diversity, in a very varied Diversity nuM AvuM udAharaNa AkhA vizvamAM eka che mahAbhAratamAM, bIja' bhAratamAM ane trIja' che zrImadabhagavadagItAmAM. Ama te gItAne vividha darzananA samanvayane maMtha kahevo paDe. paNa mahAbhAratamAM ene samAveza je sthAne thayuM che temAM upara karelA prayajananA aucitya ane vaividhyanA vicAranuM sacoTa samarthana maLe che. ajananA jIvananI yuddhAbhanI paLe enA manamAM uThelI mUMjhavaNanI paLa karatAM moTI kaTokaTIbharI kSaNa kaI haze ? ane e kSaNamAM udabhavelA praznonuM saMpUrNa samAdhAna bhagavaddagItAmAM che, tethI gItA mahAbhAratane eka aMza hovA chatAM ApaNe ene svataMtra maMtha tarIke svIkAra karyo che ane e graMthamAM 23 jue vanaparva 173-78 (yudhiSira-nahuSa-saMvAda, ajagaraparva ), ra5-98 (cakSa-yudhiSThira-saMvAda, AraNeya parva). 24 dA. ta. sabhAparva 38, 28-40 (daMbhI haMsanI kathA bhImanA vartananA udAharaNa tarIke ) 25 juo vana51 5-78 (napAkhyAna), 80-153(tIrthayAtrApavuM, jemAM aneka tIrthonI kathAo samAviSTa che), 178-221 (mArkaDeya samAskA--parva), 258-275 (rAmapAkhyAna, 277-28ka (sAvitrI-pAkhyAna ) vagere. 29 Sukthankar V. S., On the Meaning of the Mahabharata, Bombay, 1957. Lecture III, pp. 61-90. 20 ibid. Lecture IV, pp. 91-124. For Private and Personal Use Only

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112 rAjendra nANAvaTI pAchuM ajunanA jIvananI A kaTokaTIbharI kSaNane AlekhatA ajanaviSAdAdhyAyane 28 graMthanI ceya bhUmikA tarIke maMthanA eka bhAga tarIke paNa svIkAryo che. gItAmAM paNa anekavidha darzanane adabhuta samanvaya che. enI racanA ja A samanvaya racavAnA udezathI thaI che. ajananA jIvananA sauthI kaparA nirNayanI dhaDIe enA manamAM uddabhavelA praznonA Alekhana pachI bIjA adhyAyamAM karmayoganI saraLa vyavahAru samaja che. sAMkhya eTale puruSa ane prakRti, jIva ane deha, avinAzI ane nAzavaMtanuM jJAna; eTale emAMthI e keyane moha na hoya. A sAMkhyajJAnane jIvananA saMdarbhamAM prajavuM te yoga. karma vinA jIvana na saMbhave. tethI niSkAmabhAve karma karavuM. AmAM vyavahAru daSTie arjunanA praznanuM samAdhAna AvI jAya che, paNa pachI A ja vicAra vividha darzanamAM paNa mULabhUta rUpe paDe che ema gItA batAve che. karma karavuM ja zA mATe joIe te aMgenI aneka dalIle trIjA adhyAyamAM che. thAmAM yajJasaddhAntanI mULa bhAvanA para bhAra mUkyo che. pAMcamAmAM saMnyAsane mULa Azaya samaja che, chaThThAmAM yogane pAyAne uddeza samajAvyo che, sAtamAmAM sAMkhyadarzana te ja parA ane aparA zakti ane tenI upara aTTana eTale kRSNanI sthApanA dvArA bhakti, AThamAmAM vaiyaktika mRtyu, kALanI porANika kalpanA ane jIvana maraNottara gati, navamAmAM IzvaranI ananya bhakti, dasamAmAM dareka prakAranI pratyakSa koi kAryazaktimAM prabhutattvanuM darzana, agiyAramAM virATa kALapuruSanA adabhuta kAvyadarzana dvArA mAnavasvArthanI turachatA, ema aDhAra adhyAyo sudhI aneka dazana-vicAro-siddhA-abhigama gItA varNave che, paNa e darekanI pAchaLa eka ja mULa vicAra rahelo batAve che. koI paNa daSTie manuSya mATe karma anivArya che, karma mANasanI niyati che tethI yathAprApta karmo pUrI zaktithI karavAM paNa enA sukhaduHkhAtmaka pariNAmamAMthI mokSa thAya-bacI javAya te mATe te karmo taTasthatAthI karavAM. A rIte gItA te kALe bhAratamAM pracalita aneka darzananI vaividhyapUrNa bhAtamAM paNa rahelI mULabhUta ekatA tarapha AMgaLI cIMdhI Ape che ane e rIte tamAma darzanenI mULabhUta prayojana paratve ekaparaka-ekAma evI urdhvamula tAtparyagatimAM saMvAditAnI navI bhAta-saMvAditAnuM eka navuM svarUpa prakaTa kare che. bhAratIya darzanamAM kadAca kAzmIra zaivadarzanamAM Izvara, jIva, jagata e traNe dArzanika mula tatvonA abhinnatvanuM-sAyujyanuM eka svarUpa siddha thayuM che. kAzmIra zevadarzananA zreSTha ugAtA abhinavagupta AjathI barAbara eka hajAra varSo pUrve tattvadarzana ane kAvyadarzananAM mULabhUta tattanI itihAse nedhelI kadAca sarvottama samIkSA karI rahyA hatA. emane sakriya maMtharacanAne kALa I. sa. 980-1020ne gaNAvAya che. kAzmIra zaiva darzanamAM be mULa tattavo manAya che. ziva ane zakti, paNa e baMne vastutaH abhina che. eka ja tavanAM be lakSaNe che. ziva pote nirvikAra che paNa enAmAM abhinApe rahelI mukhyatve paMcabakArA-cita, AnaMda, IchA, jJAna, kriyA-zaktimAM spandane thAya che. e paMcavidha 28 banAvavA, pagAra 1, For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya dvArA savAdatA zaktinAM spandanA jagatprapa canA svarUpe sphure che. khInna zabdomAM ziva pAte nirvikAra che, paraMtu tenI sAthe abhinnapaNe rahelI A zaktine kAraNe tenAmAM sa'kapeA pragaTe che. (jJAna), e sakalpa pramANe thavA-karavAnI IcchA jAge che (IcchA ), taddanusAra thavA-karavA e svataMtra che. (Ananda ), tethI e IcchA pramANe kriyAe kare che ( kriyA ), ane pachI pote eka ja chatAM jagatanA vividha AkAzamAM akhaMDa caitanyarUpe vilasI rahe che (yita ). A rIte ziva ane zakti abhinna che, zakti ane spandana abhinna che, spandana ane jagata-prapaMca abhinna che, tethI ziva pAte ja jagatamAM jagatarUpe vilasI rahe che. svA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir eTale kAzamIrazaivadana anusAra te AkhuM jagata eka ja paramazivanA prapaMca che, AviSkAra che, vilAsa che, e paziva pote ja che. tethI AkhuM jagata parama ane sACtrikavyApaka saMvAditA sivAya khIju kazuM na heAI zake.29 pazu te pachI A jagatamAM dekhAtA virAdhAnuM zuM ? nkonuM zuM? sukha-duHkha, iSTa-aniSTa, o-puruSa, sat-asat A krUndo sanAtana che, vinayAMganA be samAna AkAranALA zveta-zyAma vibhAga jevA che, e virAAmAM savAtiA zI rIte jevI? A praznA javAba bicAravA jatAM emAMthI saMvAditAnI eka sAva navI ja kalpanA sAMpaDe che. jema ziva-pAtI anArIzvararUpe ziva-zaktirUpe joDAyelAM che, jema strI-puruSa virodha hovAne kAraNe ja AkarSAya che ane kheDAya che, tema A tamAma dvandonA virAdhA ja be asamAna dhruvA banIne parasparane AkarSe che, paraspara AkarSAya che, paraspara sAthe joDAvA, parasparamAM eka thavA, abhinna thavA, parama savAutA racavAnu AkaSa~NuM anubhave che. virAdha e savAditA mATenuM gurutvAkarSaNa che. tethI kharA arthamAM te satra saMvAditA ja che, virAdha che ja nahI.. A virATa vizva anekavidha svarUpomAM vistaryu che te pa gurutvAkarSaNunuM ja pariAma che, ane punaH sa'kroyAze tyAre pazu e gurutvAkarSaNunuM ja pariNAma haze. utpatti ane pralaya e teA virATanA ja layanAM be spandanA che, jIvana ane mRtyu paNa judAM dekhAtAM hovA chatAM eka ja layanAM be spandanA che; pina-yAMga ekabInamAM ja zamI javA mathatA golAdhe' che; sthira tripArzvamAMthI nIkaLatA prakAza saptaraMgI bane che, ene ja samAna pramANamAM laIne cakramAM mUkIne pheravA eTale sAte yu gatizIla raMgA parama saMvAdI prakAzane vyakta kare che. ApaNI AkhI ce sa`skRAta cheka vedakALathI saMvAditA ja zeAdhatI rahI che, vividha vAna pUjatAM pUjatAM paNa e maiM levAya viSA viSemaka. ema pUchatI rahI che, ane e ' kayA va' te ja A badhA dezanI pAchaLa raheluM, emanI zaktinI vividhatAnA mULa 28 zivazaktisAmarasyamaya jagadAnandarUpamityarthaH / tantrAlokaH 29.84, 30 vela-200222, 2-1 * 113 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 14 www.kobatirth.org rAjendra nANAvaTI srotarUpa tattva che ema paNu e jANe che tethI ja aaN sat viprA naduSA yanti 31 ema pazu kahe che. savAditA ApaNI saMskRtinuM eka mahattvanuM--kadAca sauthI matsyanuM lakSya rahyuM che. e saMskRtinuM lakSaNa che mATe ja ApaNAM zAomAM, dAmAM, praziSTa sAhityamAM, saskRta thA,mayamAM anekavidharUpe pragaTatuM rahyu che. kharvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAonI racanAone Apa sau tapAsamA tyAre emAM padma Apa saune e ja savAditAnuM tattva pragaTatuM dekhAze. Apa saute, athavA ema kahuM ke ApaNA saunA, sAhityanA vividha prakAra-maMthAmAM saMvAditAnAM sagA-po pAmavAno A sahiyArA prayAsa saphaLatAne varaze evI zubhakAmanA sAthe khApa saunA AbhAra. 71 beca-2 264,46,

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bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir nareza veda bhAratIya sAhitya ' vizene khyAla vivAdAspada banI rahyo che. keTalAka vidvAna e AvA khyAla bhASA ane pradezane AdhAre baMdhAya ema jaNAvI vividha bhASAo ane pradezAmAM ApaNe tyAM sAhitya racAtuM hovAne kAraNe, A kAma azakaya hAvAnA nirdeza karyo che. keTalAka vidyAtAne 'vizvagrAma' (global village )nA A jamAnAmAM AvA khyAla bAMdhavAmAM saMkucita dAMSTa ane nirakatA jaSNuAya che. te keTalAka vidvAnAne AvA khyAla bAMdhavA pAchaLa rAjakAraNIya AzayAnI gaMdha Ave che. tema chatAM thADAM varSothI ApaNA dezamAM keTalAka vidvAneA dvArA * bhAratIya sAhitya'nI vibhAvanA khAMdhavAnA prayatna thaI rahyA che. AvI vibhAvanA zA mATe bAMdhavI joie, bAMdhavA jaIe te emAM kevI muzkelIe rahelI che, ema enAM kAraNe ane aMtarAyAnI carcAe paNu thatI rahI che. AvI carcA karanArAemAM DaoN. sunItikumAra ceTarjIthI mAMDI DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNana, DaoN. vI. ke. geAkAka, DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave, DaoN. nagendra, DaoN ajJeya, DaoN, indranAtha caudharI, DoM. umAzakara jozI, DaoN. pI. lAla, DaoN. naiyAjha ehamada, DaoN. ke. ema. jyAya, zrI zivaza kara pillAI taphajhI, e. ena. mUrtirAva, ke. cellapana vagere vidvAne mukhya che. emAMnA keTalAka vidvAnoe judI judI prAdezika bhASAomAM racAyelA sAhityamAM ekatA ane samAnatA kayAM ane kevI che te darzAvavAnA prayatna karyo che, te keTalAka vidyAe prAdezika bhASAomAM racAyelA sAhityamAM bhAratIyatA kayAM ane kevI che e zeAdhavAnA puruSArtha karyo che. je loko upakhaMDa jevA A dezamAM vividha bhASAe ane pradezamAM ApaNuM sAhitya racAtuM hAvAthI AvI avadhAraNA bAMdhavAnuM muzkela mAne che temanI sAme eka pratiprazna mukI zakAya ema che. jo ApaNe ' bhAratIya philasUphI ' ( nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, pUrvamImAMsA, uttaramImAMsA jevAM vividha daMtA ), bhAratIya sa'gIta ' (leAka, sugama, zAstroya, bhakti vagere, * bhAratIya nATaka ( bhavAI, tamAzA, yajJagAna, saMskRta-pAzcAtya mizra nATyazailI vagere), * bhAratIya nRtya ' ( rAsa, garabA, ghummara, bhAMgaDA, bharatanATyam, maNipurI, kathakalI, kucIpuDI vagere), 'bhAratIya citra' (rAjapUta, marAThA dharAnA vagere), 'bhAratIya sinemA ' (prAdezika, 'svAdhyAya ', pu. 63, aMka 6-4, akSayatRtIyA -janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, yu. 115-128, x akhila bhAratIya sAhitya pariSada ( gujarAta zAkha ) temaja gujarAtI vibhAga ( kalA sakAya, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDedarA )nA saMyukta upakrame vaDAdarA mukAme tA. 1-2 mArca 1997 nA divaseAe ceAAyelA rASTrIya parisaMvAda " sAhitya dvArA saMvAditA "mAM rajU kareluM' vakatavya. khI/2, yunivarsiTI kolAnI, naherU hAla sAme, vallabhavidyAnagara-388 120, For Private and Personal Use Only

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nareza veda hindI gIta- nRvALA vagere ) bhAratanA vividha bhAgomAM vividha vargo-jAtio ane saMpradAye dvArA vividha vicAradhArAo, zelIo ane dharANAvALuM A badhuM hovA chatAM emAM evuM kazuMka che jene kAraNe mAtra ApaNe bhAratIya loko ja nahIM, videzI zeko paNa emane "viziSTa bhAratIya AvirbhA ' (typically Indian manifestations) rUpe svIkArIe chIe, te e muja "bhAratIya sAhitya 'nI avadhAraNuM kema na karI-svIkArI zakAya ? bhAratuM jevA bahubhASI ane bahuprAMtIya dezamAM sajAtA sAhityamAM game teTalI bhinnatA ane vividhatA jaNAtI hoya, chatAM temAM gahanastare evI koI sAMskRtika ekatA ane samAnatA che je tene ekasUtre bAMdhI rAkhe che, evI koI lAkSaNiktA che je tene viziSTatA ane ananyatA Ape che, vizvanAM anya sAhityamAM tene alaga eLakha ane mobhe Ape che. je lokone global villagenA A jamAnAmAM A khyAla bAMdhavA-apanAvavAmAM saMkucita daSTi ane nirarthakatA jaNAya che temane pUchI zakAya ke vaizvikaraNa globalization)nA A jamAnAmAM paNa je amerikana liTarecara, jarmana liTarecara, kaMca liTarecara, iMgliza liTarecara, speniza liTarecara evA khyAla svIkArAya che, te e rIte "bhAratIya sAhitya 'ne khyAla zA mATe na svIkArI zakAya ? pratyeka rASTrane, tenI prajAne tenuM AgavuM vyaktitva ane cAritrya, enI AgavI sabhyatA ane saMskRti, ene Aga ItihAsa ane AgavI paraMparAe, jIvanadaSTi ane jIvanazailI hoya che. bhArata paNa eka rASTra che. enI prajA pAse paNa enuM A badhuM AgavuM che. A dezanI prajA pAse sahastro varSonI sAMskRtika sabhyatAnI virAsata che. te enI dharohara che. cheka enA ugama kALathI Aja sudhI enuM sAtatya e sAcavyuM che. sthAnika ane AyAtI jAtionA saMgrAme, saMpa, samanvaye eNe nihALyA che. emAMthI sajata eka romAMcaka ItihAsa ane baMdhAtI keTalIka vilakSaNa paraMparAone vArase ane vaibhava enI pAse che. samayanA dIdha paTa para utthAna ane patananI dhaTanAonA silasilA dvArA eNe pitAnuM vyaktitva ane cAritrya ghaDayuM che. A rASTranI prajanI cetanAmAM janmapurnajanma, prArabdha, karmaphaLa, pApa-puNya, nIti-anIti, Izvara, dezakALa vagere vize keTalAka viziSTa khyAlo otaprota thaI gayelA che. enA vaDe enI jIvana daSTi, jIvanazailI ane cAritrya doravAyelAM che. bhAratIya prajAjananI jIvanadRSTimAM tapa, tyAga, dAna ane saMyamane mahimA che. yama, zivama, suMdaramane Adarza che. ahiMsA ane aparigrahanI bhAvanA che. vicAratattva taraphane sumi viveka che. jAti-jJAti, kuLa-gotra, vaMza-kuTuMba, guru-ziSya, zIla-sadAcAra, soLa saMsakAra jevI aneka paraMparAovALI jIvanazailI bhAratIya prajAe vikasAvI-apanAvI che. A prajane eka AgavuM cAritrya che. zAMtipriyatA, samaSTiniSThA, samanvayazIlatA, sahiSNutA, ti, titikSA vagere enAM abhilakSaNa che. AnA vaDe bhAratIya prajAnuM eka AgavuM vyaktitva dhaDAyuM che. e vyaktitva zAMta, nirupadravI, saMtoSI, sahadaya prajAnuM che. A badhAM kAraNe vizvanI anya rASTronI prajAe karatAM bhAratIya prajA judI paDe che. A prAe je sAhitya sarjana kaya hoya te bhAratanA game te prAMtamAM rahIne karyuM hoya ke dezanI koI paNa prAdezika bhASAmAM karyuM . heya, te paNa temAM A ananyatA vyakta thayA vinA kevI rIte rahe? For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA 117 bhAratIya sAhitya 'nI vibhAvanAnA ghaDataramAM rAjakAraNIya Azaya vAMcavA karatAM ontologynI dRSTie ene vicAra karavA joIe. kAI paNa prakAranA pUmaDuM ke pakSapAtamAM taNuAyA vinA A viSayamAM AgaLa vadhavuM joi e. 2 hakIkate bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA bAMdhavAnA prayatna karatI vakhate ' bhArata ', 'bhAratIya ' ane ' bhAratIyatA' jevA saMpratyayeA pahelAM spaSTa karI levA joIe. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir bhArata zuM che ? tenI oLakha zI che? zuM bhArata eTale bhaugalika vistAramA kAi nakazA ? rAjA-mahArAjAo, navAkhA-bAdazAho, amIra-umarAvAnA sAmrAjyonA utthAna patananI vaMzAvaLI ? judA judA rAjakIya pakSAnI taDajoDa ane emanA cUMTaNIDhaMDharAe ? AvA rAjakAraNIoe kALasa dUkamAM dATale ke ukheDele itihAsa ? pradhAne-amaladArAne AMgaLIne Terave. nacAvatA jyotISIo, tAMtrikA ane asAmAjika ? peAtAnI jAtane Izvarane avatAra gaNAvatA lebhAgu svAmIe ane bhagavAne ? rAjakharAja taDAMo ane TukaDAomAM vahe cAtA jatAM sa'pradAyA-krirakakA ? nA, bhAratanI A sAcI eLakhANu nathI. vAstavamAM bhArata te aDhAreya varaNu ane teraiya tAMsaLInA lekane samAvatI duniyAnA bAreya mukhya dharmo, vidhavidha pathe, mArgA, matA, saMpradAyAne samAzraya ApatI bhAtIgaLa bhAvabhUmi che. vividha sAdhanApraNAlIo ane upAsanA paddhationA samAdara karatuM, taMtra ane matra, yega ane bhAga, dha ane katA saheAdaranI jema uchera karatuM saMgamatIrtha che. kSiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana ane samIra jevA pAMca mahAbhUtAmAM tathA aMDaja, yAnija ane udbhija jIvAmAM daivatva nihALatI ane emanuM AhvAna karatI eka bhAvadhArA che. anekatAmAM ekatA, bhedamAM abheda, sasImamAM asIma, visaMvAdamAM savAditA, piMDamAM brahmAMDane zeAdhatI eka lAkSaNika bhAvamuti che. F bhAratIya' kANu che? AjakAlanA netA-abhinetA ? vidyAguru-dharma guru ? zramajIvIbuddhijIvI ? sAhityakAra-amaladAra { {makenika-vaijJAnika? nA, A loko dvArA je ' bhAratIya ' manuSyanI oLakha maLaze e te mAtra uparachalI haze. ' bhAratIya ' manuSyanI eLakha AvI bALarUpanI nahIM, AMtarika DhAvo ghaTe. kharA bhAratIya dezamAM ke duniyAmAM kyAMya paNa haze, oLakhAyA vinA nahA rahe. tame kaheze e kevI rIte oLakhAya ? bALakanAM janmanA chaThThA divase vidhAtrInA lekha mATe lekhanasAmAM mUkI, snAna karatI vakhate sthAnika jaLamAM gaMgA-jamanA-gAmatI-gAdAvarI-kAverInuM smaraNa karatI, bhAjana letAM pahelAM gaugrAsa ane bhUmimAsa ApatI, AMgaNe tulasI ke DamarAne kayArA ke kuMDu rAkhI tenA choDane pavitra lekhatI, gRhapraveza pUrve vAstupUjana karatI, dharA ubara ke khetaranuM zeDhuM ALagatA dAdA khetarapALanuM vadana karatI, aDIopaTI vakhate iSTadeva ke kuLadeva-devInI mAnatA rAkhatI, potAnA ke anya koInA kalyANa arthe bAdhA-AkhaDI rAkhatI, sAraimAThe prasaMge kathAkitana, saptAha-pArAyaNa karAvatI, maratI vakhate meAMmAM gaMgAjaLa ke jamanAjaLa levA jhaMkhatI, pitRtapaNuM nimitte kAgavAsa nAkhI zrAddha karatI vRkSane; vizeSa karIne pIpaLAne, kApavAmAM pApamedha anubhavatI For Private and Personal Use Only

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itc nareza Tha vyaktine jue te oLakho; e bhAratIya. putrane potAnA vArasAneA adhikArI ane peAtAnI AzA AkAMkSAnA vistAra mAnanAra pitAmAM rahelI saMtAnavAhitA, AvA bhAva vaLa aMganAM saMtAne sudhI sImita na rAkhatAM, nadIparvata, vRkSa-velIo, pazu-paMkhIe sudhI vistArI saunI hitaciMtA ane khevanA dAkhavatI samaSTi, nAnImeTI bAbatamAM svAthI gaNatarIone TALI, aMdaranI samRddhi vaDe sajja nAyayatu, saha mau muna, sa vIrya vAva'nI bhAvanA dAkhavatI bhAgIdArI, cheka bacapaNathI phulacheADa, pazupakhI ane nadIparvata sAthe snehatA nAtA bAMdhI, gAyamAtA cAMdAmAmA, AMbAdAdA, vaDadAdA, billImAsI, dheAdhALApA, nAgadAdA jevA svajanabhAva dAkhavatI savAkritA, vaNu ane AzramanI vyavasthA tathA ka ane puruSArthanA siddhAMtAnI abhijJatAthI AvatI sahajatA anyanAM vAta-vicArane sAMbhaLavA-samajavA-svIkAravAnI dhIraja tatparatA ane sahRdayatAyukta sahiSNutA-' bhAratIya' hAvAnI pahecAna che. tA bhautikatA karatAM aMtaranI pavitratAne pragaTa pharatI AdhyAtmikatA, AcAra-viyAravihAra ane vyavahAramAM paraMparAgatatA, jIvana ane kALane aMza ke khaDamAM vibhAjIta karI jovAne badale janmajanmAMtaranA ane akhaMDa kALanA khyAlone puraskAratI niraMtaratA, akaLatA ane virAdhAmAM vizvAsa rAkhatI rahasyamayatA, manuSyane pApanuM saMtAna nahIM paNa * amRtanuM saMtAna mAnI, jIvana ane jagatane zAkanuM nahIM paNa AnaMdollAsanuM adhiSThAna mAnI, pratyeka divasane tahevAramAM kairavI leAkone utsavarata rAkhatI AnaMdamayatA- bhAratIyatA 'nAM dyotaka lakSaNe che. 3 ' bhArata ', ' bhAratIya ' ane ' bhAratIyatA 'nA khyAleA spaSTa thayA pachI have ema kahuvAmAM koIne saMkoca na thavA joIe `ka AvA ' bhArata ', ' bhAratIya ' ane ' bhAratIyatA 'nI bhAvamUrti jemAM akti thaI che e sAhitya eTale ' bhAratIya sAhitya, ' OM bhAratIya sAhitya ' ApaNe ene kahI zakIe je bhAratIya prajAnI saMvedanA ane samasyAonuM vAhaka ane paricAyaka hoya. evI saveMdanA ane samasyAo, je lAkSaNikapaNe ( typically ) bhAratIya ja hoya ane bhAratIya prazna anubhavatI hoya. evI sa`vedanAe ane samasyAe jene vAMcatA pratyeka bhAratavAsI anubhava kare ke tenI pAtAnI savedanA ane samasyAene ja abhivyakti maLI che. AvI bhAratIya savaidanAma ane samasyAe ' kaI che? bhAratIya prajAe hamezAM nara-nArInA premasaMbaMdhane abhivaMdyo che, mANusamAM rahelI mAnavatAmAM AsthA rAkhI che ane muktinI kAmanA karI che. premabhAva, bhaktibhAva ane meAkSabhAvane sthAyI mAnyA che. tethI A bhAvAne anurUpa savedanAe tenI mukhya savedanAe che. bhAratIya samAjamAM gRha ane premanuM adhiSThAna che nArI. pazcimanI prA mAka bhAratIya prA ane bhAgyArUpe nahIM paNu maMtrI, mAtA, bhArUpe svIkAre che. bhAratIya prajAnI mAnyatA che ke For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA 19 saMsAranI yejanAmAM A mamatAbharI ane yAmayI che. jagatanA game tevA aniSTa ane ama gaLa upara, durita ane preyasa upara te peAtAnA prema ane AtmabhAga vaDe vijaya meLavI zake che. bhAratIya prazna sronAM mAtA, bahena, patnI ane bhAbhI-evAM badhAM svarUpamAM adbhuta zraddhA dharAve che. bahenanA nirvyAja sneha ane bhAbhInA anagaLa bhAva RgAnubaMdhanI RjugaravI kavitAsameA che. patnInA prema janmajanmAtaranA che. mAtAnA premanA AvirbhAvane te kuTuMba ke ethI anya koi prakAranI sImA nathI. patnInI sahanazIlatA ane samarpaNuzIlatAmAM ane mAtAnI mamatA ane vatsalatAmAM A praznane UDe vizvAsa che. bhAratIya strItvamAM AMtarika sauMdaya ane zArIrika sAmarthyanAM tathA tapa ane tyAgavRttinAM tattvAne mukhya gaNavAmAM AvyA che. zrIviSayaka AvA bhAvA ane khyAle bhAratIya sa`vaidanAonu eka rUpa che. bhAratIya prajAe naranArInAM joDalAMnI ' uradArI eka ' kalpI che. tethI ja premane emane joDanAra koI AMtara heturUpe oLakhe che, jyAre kAmane vAma kahIne ALakhAvyA che. lagnane seALa sa`skAro paikInA eka sa`skAra ane atUTa jIvanakhaMdhananI bhAvanArUpe svIkAryuM che. premane sadbhAva, saujanya ane nirabhimAnapaNuAthI zuddha karavAnI ane e mATe virahayAtanA ane enAM sahanatapananI vAta AgaLa karI che. rAmasItA, rAdhAkRSNa, zivapAva tI, satyavAnasAvitrI ane naLadamayaMtInAM kathAnako, A kAraNe te tenAM Adarza AdyarUpA (archetypes ) banyAM che. bhAratIya prajAnI nArIbhAvanA ane prayabhAvanA enA yogya ane anuttama rUpamAM kAlidAsanA ' zAku Mtala 'mAM, bhavabhUtinA ' uttararAmacarita 'mAM, TArgeAranI ' citrAMgadA 'mAM jayazaMkara prasAdanI ' kAmAyanI 'mAM, maitreyIdevInI ' na hanyate 'mAM tathA rArada'dra ceTarjI ane kAnhucaraNu mahAntInI vipula kathAsRSTimAM pragaTa thaI che. te vAtsalyamUrti mAtAnI amara chakhI Ayariza saMtAnane potAnuM karI ucheratAM peAtAnA badhA dharmAcArA paDatAM mUkatI TAgoranI 'gArA 'nI AnaMdamayImAM ane aMganAM karatAM sAvakA saMtAnane potAnuM karI enA sne ane AdaranI adhikArINI banatI zaradabAjInI - vipradAsa'nI dayAmayImAM ati thaI che. na mAtu: vaivatam e bhAratIya sa`vedanA che. amRtanidhAna mAtA vizenI bhAvasaMvedanA bhAratIya sAhityanI eka mukhya saMvedanA che. mAtAne zizumAM abhiSikta thatA niHsIma prema malayAlama bhASAnI kaviyatrI bAlamaNi ammAnA kAvyasAhityanuM paramAthya | saudaryabiMdu che, teA sanAtana preyasI-rAdhAneA tenA hRdayavallabha zrIkRSNanAM caramAM nivedita thatA Ati pUruM bhaktiprema uDiyA bhASAnA kavi zrI ramAkAMta rathanI prathitayaza racanA'.zrI rAdhA 'tuM caramasAmarthya biMdu che. bhAratIya praznae mAjIsamAM rahela mahAnatA ane udAttatAnA khyAla svIkAryo che. mANusanI kharI kiMmata tenI mANusAImAM gaNI che. mAnavadhate mATA dharma mAnyo che. *na mAnuSAta zrelara rphei vicit' e 'mahAbhArata 'kAra vyAsanI vANInA pratidheASa ba'gALI kavi baDu caMDIdAse karyuM che. A rIte-- sAbAra upare mAnuSa satya tAhAra upara nAi". A saMsAranuM sauthI mATu ane chelluM satya mANusane mAnyuM che. pazcimanI prajAnI mULabhUta mAnyatA che ke 'mANusa pApanu' pharajaMda che'. jyAre mAdhyusa mULabhUta rIte pApI che evA valaNunI sAme rahIne bhAratIya sarjakoe, khAsa karIne zaradabAbrue, lakhyuM che. teoe eka sthaLe lakhyuM che : ' truTI, bhUla, aparAdha, adhama e ja mANlRsanuM sasva nathI, tenI aMdara je sAcA mANusa che, jene : For Private and Personal Use Only

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nareza veda ApaNe AtmA kahIe to cAle, te tenA badhA aparAdha karatAM mahAna che. mArI sAhityakRtiomAM tenuM huM apamAna nahIM karuM e ja mArI IcchA che.' sAdhAraNa ke pAmara jaNAtI vyaktiomAM paNa kyAMka koI uttamAMza hoya, evAM gUDha sadgu mATe paNa teone AdaraNIya gaNyA che. nitAMta patita vyaktimAM paNa kyAMka 3 De akhUTa saujanya hovAnI vAta svIkArI che. khalanazIla mAnavInI bhItara je manuSyatva rahyuM hoya che tene pramANavAne bhAratIya sAhityakAre sadA sarvadA prayatna karyo che. "manuSya pApa nA hai, na puSpa para , thaTTa sirpha thI rakSA , jo pAnA patA hai" evuM jIvana satya pragaTa karavA bhagavatIcaraNa varmAe 'citralekhA' navalakathA lakhI che. zaradacaMdra ceTarjI, vibhUtibhUSaNa benarjI, premacaMdajI, vi. sa. khADekara, kAraNa mahAntI vagerenI kathAsRSTimAM A saMvedanAonuM thayeluM nirUpaNa udAhata karavA jevuM che. te ravIndranAtha TAgora ane kanaiyAlAla munazI e mAnavamAM rahelA mahAmAnavanuM citra upasAvavAne puruSArtha karyo che. "huM mAnavI mAnava thAuM te dhaNuM " ane " vyakti maTI banuM vizvamAnavI, mAthe dharuM dhULa vasuMdharAnI ' e bhAratIya janatAnI mULabhUta saMvedanA ( prime sensibility) che. bhAratIya prajAnI mAnasikatAmAM AdhyAtmikatA, rahasyAtmakatA ane AMtaradaSTiparaka AtmikatA otaprota che. bhAratIya prajA mULabhUta rIte dharmabhAvanAvALI, zubha, ziva ane maMgalanA tavomAM AsthA rAkhanArI prajA che. ene mana dharma eTale saMpradAya, paMtha ke phiraskAo nahIM, paNa pitAne dhAraNa karanAra AMtarika saMbala eTale dharma. dharma eTale dharmAcaraNa. saMsAranAM zubha, ziva ane maMgalane anukULa rIte AMtarabhAvane vyakta karavo enuM nAma dharmabhAvanA. AvI dharmabhAvanA dAkhavI jemaNe jIvanabhara dharmAcaraNa karyuM e zrI rAma, yudhiSThira, rAjA harizcaMdra vageree bhAratIya prajAnA cittamAM potAnuM kAyamI sthAna prApta karyuM che. eka uddhata ane uchuMbala rAjasattAe eka satInAM zIla ane svamAnanuM apamAna karyuM ane dharmanI glAni thaI tyAre dharmanI punaH saMsthApanA mATe kurukSetranuM yuddha khelAyuM ane zrIkRNe hAthamAM dhurA ane zama saMbhALyAM. "dhameM jaya ane pApe kSaya' e sarerAza bhAratavAsInI mAnyatA che. A dharmanuM tattva akaLa ane AchAdita che, gUDha ane guha che. eTale gUDha ane gava vidyA tarapha ane jIvane, jagata, jIva ane zivanI akaLa sthitigati aMge eka jAtanA rahasyAtmaka valaNa tarapha bhAratIya prajAmAnasane jhoka che. AthI jamA sudhI sacarAcara vyApta eka zrImata barjita ane vibhUtimata cetanA tarapha enI daSTa che. enI bhALa, sthULa carmacakSuthI, A paridazyamAna bhautika jagatamAM nahIM, paNa AMtaradaSTipaka divyacakSu vaDe AtmalakamAM maLe enI ene patIja che. eTale jJAna, bhakita, yoga ane karma e cAra mArgo vaDe tyAM pahoMcavAnI teNe kalpanA karelI che. zaMkaradeva, caMDIdAsa, sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa, puraMdaradAsa, balarAmadAsa, tyAgarAja, tukArAma, narasiMha, mIrAM, awA, lala, aMDAI, AvIvAra, kAnhA pAtra jevAM bhAratIya saMtanI ujajavaLa vANamAM A saMvedanAo hadayasparzI rUpamAM pragaTI che. tamila bhASAne "saMgama sAhitya', kannaDa bhASAnuM vacana sAhitya', Itara prAMtanI bhASAonuM "bhajanasAhitya ', hArA ane muslimonuM "ginAna ane nasI asAhitya' A bhAvasaMvedanAthI chalachala che, kabIranI avaLavANumAM, akhe, dAka, bhAsara, bhIma ane vamananI For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA 11 vyaMgavANImAM, TAgAra ane mahAdevInI madhura paNa marma vANImAM rahasyamayatA kevI bharI che e te sarvavidita che. bhAratIya prAe sthULa bhavabadhanA ane janmajanmAMtaranA pherAmAMthI mukti pAmavAnI kAmanA haMmezAM sevI che. e kAraNe sRSTimAM pravartatA karyAMnA sAbhoma niyamamAM ane nItinA sAmrAjyamAM vizvAsa rAkhyA che. jIvananA cAra puruSArthAnI yojanA vicArI che. niSkAma bhAva ane nirAsakta daSTinI himAyata karI che. anAsakti yAganA mahimA karyo che. aSTAMga mArgoMnI sahAya vaDe du:khamAMthI muktinA mArga cIMdhyA che. vivekajJAna vaDe jIvanmukti ane zarIranAza bAda avinAzI du:khatrayanA lepa vaDe vivekamuktine khyAla svIkAryA che. vAsanAmeAkSa ane sarvAMgI muktanA khyAle mukhya gaNyA hovAthI vedomAM bhAratIya kavie prAthyu che H *A no majjAH tavo yantu vizvata: '. e prArthanAnA bhAtIgaLa AvirbhAvA eTale kavivara TAgoranI kAvyaracanAo. muktinA A bhAva medhANI, nirAlA, subrahmaNyama bhAratI, baMkimacaMdra ceTarajI, kAjI najharula islAma vallAtALa, cakabasta ane abikA caudharImAM eka rUpe te zrI araviMda, dharmavIra bhAratI, nIraja vageremAM khInna rUpe vyakta thayA che, huM ja rahuM vilasI sahu saMga, huM ja rahuM avazeSe ' e sarvedanA bhAratIya sAhityanI eka mukhya saMvedanA che. bhAratIya sAhityamAM abhivyakata thayelI mukhya saMvedanAe! joyA pachI bhAratIya samasyAA ane emanuM bhAratIya sAhityamAM kevuM pratinidhAna thayuM che e joi e, sArAya vizvamAM bhAratIya samAjanI eka viziSTatA che, te che tiprathA ane kuTuMbasa'sthA. dahezatanA mAryA jaMgalI jAnavare TALuM banAvIne potAnI surakSAnA vyuha taiyAra kare che, tema bhAratIya lokasamAje paNa jAti, bhASA ane dharmanI vyuharacanA karI che. koI kALe TakI rahevA mATe e jarUrI haze. paNa emAMthI je jJAtivyavasthA UbhI thaI teNe bhAratIya janajIvanamAM keTalIka samasyAe paNa UbhI karI che. jJAtinA dhArAdhoraNo ane paca-phesalAonA svIkAra enI lAcArI bano rahyAM che. jIva maLI gayA hovA chatAM jJAtibhannatAne kAraNe jIvanamAM joDAI na zakAtAM dubhAtA, hijarAtA, sijhAtA maLelA jIva'nI TrejeDI samAja nAmanA niSedhapavatane kAraNe che. sAmAjika rUDhiMbadhanAne kAraNe paraNI na zakatA, rahe'sAtA ane karamAtA bhinna jJAti yuvAna haiyAMonI samasyAe bhAratanI tamAma bhASAnA sAhityamAM nirUpAyelI jovA maLaze. e ja rIte sayukta kuTu bavyavasthAne kAraNe rIbAtA--rU MdhAtA kuLavadhUnA jIvananI je dAstAna govardhanarAmanI * sarasvatIcaM'dra ' navalakathAnA khInna bhAga * guNusuMdarInuM kuTuMbajALa 'mAM che tevI anya bhAratIya bhASAnA sAhityamAM paNu vAMcavA maLaze ja. bhAratIya samAjamAM cheka janmathI mAMDI mRtyu sudhI vividha krALa ane avasthAmAM strIne je anyAya, apamAna, sitama, zoSaNa, vacanAne bhAga banavuM paDe che, daheja, tiraskRti, chUTAcheDA, cheDatI, baLAtkAra vagere samasyAe veThavI paDe che, AvI yAtanA--viTaMbaNuAmAM je rIte sabUrI ane lAcArI dAkhavI TakI rahevA mathavuM paDe che e badhI gherI samasyAe che. A samasyAenuM atyaMta hRdayavidAraka citraNa bhAratIya sAhityanI ' sAta pagalAM AkAzamAM ', ' thayaka ', prathama pratizruti ', ' amRtasya putrI ', sajA ' vagere kRtimAM tenA maLe che. eka yA bIjA kAraNe tUTatAM dharanI samasyA pazu dArulyu che. tenu - svA 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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122 nareza veda citraNa "gRhadAha', " gRhabhaMga ', "peka meDalu ', "sAMjaI bedI ', " yAtrAne aMta" vagere kRtiomAM che. bhAratIya samAjamAM nArInI mAphaka bIje damita-pIDita varga che dalitane. UMcanIca varNa ane pRzya-aspRzyanA khyAlane kAraNe harijana-girIjana-AdivAsI pachAta jAtioe varSo sudhI A dezamAM je duHkhadarda, pIDA ane yaMtraNA bhagavyAM che, e kAraNe emanAM je AjaMda ane Akroza che te gujarAtI, hindI ane marAThI bhASAonA dalita-sAhityamAM, baMgALanA haMgrI janarezananA, karNATakanA digambarenA, tAmilanADunA vyAdhronA ane AMdhrapradezanA nakasalavAdIonA sAhityamAM vyakta thayAM che. dayA pavAranI "upara ', zivAjIrAva sAvaMtanI "mRtyuMjaya ', mahAkatA devInI "hajAra curAziramA' ane anya racanAo AvI samasyAonuM vedhaka nirUpa karatI bhAratIya racanAo che. varNaprathA ane komajAtinA khyAlane kAraNe brAhmaNe, zadro, khristIo, muslima jevI vividha koma ane jAtio je samasyAone sAmane karI rahI che ene ghero citAra " brAhmaNIkama', 'pariSkArapanI', "parA ', ' AdhA gauva', "mihira jirI', "kaDiyarasa' jevI bhAratIya racanAomAM maLe che. gaMdA vasavATamAM abhAvamasta lAcAra jIvana jivatAM lokonAM jIvanapraznonuM aMkana "mAhimacI khADI ', "varuNa ke beTe', "emIna ', "emAnA DuDI', "tedo', "teTTiyuTe makana', "achUta ', "harijana', "haridAsI', devadAsI' vagere racanAomAM thayuM che. bhAratanI vasatIne moTe bhAga gAmaDAomAM vase che. tyAMnA lokonI samasyAonuM rUpa bhAratIya sAhityamAM vividha bhASAomAM samAnarUpe AlekhAyuM che. jema ke, prAmajIvanane asara karatI kudaratI Apattio, jamInadAra-devAdAranA prazno, kheDUtanAM zArIrika-mArthika zoSaNa, grAmajIvanane duSita karatuM rAjakAraNa, grAmajIvanamAM mUDIvAdI ghaTako ane ekamonI bhautika ane vaicArika stare thatI ghUsaNakherI vagere samasyAonuM yathArtha citra, "mAnavInI bhajaI', "lIluDI dharatI', "godAna', " rAga darabArI ', gaNadevatA , melA AMcala ', "prAmAyaNa', 'marAnI mariNuga ', 'gAraMbIyA bApu', " leka-duzmana', kheta jAge ', "nadAI', "padabali ', "dhI vileja', "kAnApurA ', "sarAI', "ukA', celArA devulu' vagere racanAomAM upasyuM che. bekArI ane garIbInI samasyA-tene vyakti, kauTuMbika saMbaMdhe, gunhAkhorI kAyadA ane vyavasthAnI paristhiti para paDato prabhAva tenI keTalIka lAkSaNiktAo sAthe bhAratIya sAhityamAM nirUpAyo che. AvI samasyAo nirUpatI bhAratIya racanAomAM dhyAna kheMcatI keTalIka A che : "cakra', 'jahAjakA paMchI', "galI Age muDatI hai', "zabdAnala', mulA paDulu', " samrATa dU', " pratidI', "jana araNya'. hiMdustAna-pAkistAna rUpe dezanuM je vibhAjana thayuM e dhaTanA bhAratIya prajA mATe eka atyaMta vibhakAraka, duHkhada ane kamanasIba ghaTanA hatI. ene kAraNe je samasyAo UbhI thaI hatIjevI De-komI ramakhANa, bhayatarata hijarata, unmalita nirvAsite temanI bIka, vedanA ane vyathA, temane punarvasavATanA prazno yathArtha dharAtala para 'tamasa ', 'juThA saca ', "do dAnavA ', * AjhAdI ', "TreIna tu pAkistAna " "sunItA', ' gaddAra', " aura insAna mara gayA ', " rakatara badale raktA" vagere kRtiomAM nirUpAyA che. dezamAM AjhAdI bAda je samasyAo vakarI che, jevI ke, sAmAjika rAjakIya ane amaladArI starane bhraSTAcAra, rAjakAraNanuM aparAdhIkaraNa, vAyanuM vyApArIkaraNa, pelIsataMtranI niSpharatA, niSphaLatA ane karatA, sattA hAMsala karavA For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya sAhityanI jillAnA 123 mATenI lAlasA ane e mATenA kAvAdAvAnuM citraNa tenA yathAtatha svarUpamAM "apane lega ', "rAga darabArI ', "dha eprenTI', "dha phorenara ', "maMtram', raMgamahala ', " draupadI ', mukhyamaMtro ', 'siMhAsana ', "hIra jayaMtI ', " gAMdhInI kAvaDa', "meTA aparAdhI mahelamAM' vagere kRtiomAM thayuM che. AjhAdI pUrve bhAratIya sajaka samakSa saMsAra sudhAre, prAmoddhAra, dalitoddhAra, strIkeLavaNI jevI samasyAo hatI gulAmImAMthI mukta thaI svataMtra thavAnuM ane svarAjyanA sUphaLa cAkhavAnuM svapna hatuM. paraMtu AjhAdI bAda paristhiti ane saMjogo badalAyA che. svapna sAkAra thayuM nathI. nirbhAntine ane hatAzAno anubhava thayo che. eTale AjhAdI pUrvenA bhAratIya sAhityamAM je sAmAjika-sAMskRtika samasyAonuM citraNa thatuM hatuM tene badale svataMtratA bAda have astitva paraka kaTokaTI (existensial crisis)nuM viSaya-vastu mukhya banyuM che. eka tarapha AjanA sarjakamAM zraddhALutA che to bIjI tarapha zikSaNe ApelI saMzayabuddhi che. tene jUnI jIvanapaddhati ane Adhunika jIvanapaddhati, junAM jIvanamUlyo ane mulyavahInatAvALe navo ja mAne enI vacce kayAMya saMgati jaNAtI nathI. eka dvidhAbhAvamAM Ajane bhAratIya manuSya ane sarjaka jIve che. temanI mAnasika sthiti tanAvayukta che. hiMdhAnA dIpa upara Ubhe Ubhe "ra varSo na tathau ' trizaMku jevI hAlatamAM mukAyela e Aje je astitvapUraka gherI kasoTI ane kaTokaTIne sAmano karI rahyo che tenuM citraNa paNa bhAratanI vividha bhASAonI kRtiomAM saceTarUpe thayuM che. radhuvIra caudharInI " amRtA ', bhagavatIkumAra zarmAnI "samaya dripa ', jitendra bhATiyAnI samaya sImAnta', esa. ela. zairapAnI "godhUli ', anaMtamUrtinI bhAratIpurama ', tejasvInI "cidaMbarA rahasya', kuvempanI "hegAdattI ', "mahAnagara', " sArA AkAza ', " kAlImAMthI ', ' apane apane ajanabI', "subaha ke bhale ', " athAga ', jevI keTalIka kRtio tenA udAharaNarUpe AgaLa karI zakAya. bhAratIya sAhityakAroe A rIte bhAratIya prajAnI anekavidha samasyAonuM nirUpaNa potAnI racanAomAM asarakAraka rUpamAM karyuM che. je sAhityamAM AvI-kevaLa bhAratIya saMvedanAo ane samasyAonuM citraNa thayuM hoya, jenA AsvAda ane avabodhathI bhAratIya vAcaka ane sahadaya enI sAthe ekarUpatA, AmItA anubhavatA hoya ane abhijJa tathA saMprajJa thatuM hoya, evA sAhityane "bhAratIya sAhitya thI oLakhavAmAM koI ne ze vAMdhA-virodha hoI zake? - 4 pAtAnI saMvedanAo ane samasyAonuM nirUpaNa thayuM hovAthI bhAratIya prajAne te A sAhitya 'bhAratIya' lAge, paraMtu vizvanI anya prajAne A sAhitya pitAnI bhASAnA sAhitya karatAM koI kAraNe ananya-sAdhAraNa jaJAya che kharuM ? anya rASTronAM sAhitya karatAM tene alaga pADe evI koI vyAvartaka vizeSatAo A rASTranA sAhityamAM che kharI ? A kanane uttara che hA, bhAratIya sAhityamAM evI keTalIka vizeSatA e che je tene duniyAbharanAM rAkho, temanI praja, temanI bhASA ane temanA sAhityathI alaga tAravI Ape che. evI vizeSatA e che : bhAratIya sAhityane vAstavabodha, sauMdaryabodha ane mUlyabodha. koI paNa rASTra, For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 164 nareza veda prazna ane lAdhAnuM sAhitya Ave. trimukhI edha teA karAve, paraMtu bhAratIya sAhitya A khAdha AgavI khAsiyatayukta che. kamalakumAra majamudAranI ' aMtarjali yAtrA 'mAM nirUpAyeluM vastu aki Mcana avasthAne kAraNe gaurI batI cUkela peAtAnI putrIne paraNAvavA azakta pitA gaMgAmAM potAnA paga jhamALIne najIka AvI rahelA mRtyunI pratIkSA karI rahelA vayevRddha puruSa sAthe tene paraNAvI daI, kanyAdAna ApI pote mahAdhAtakamAMthI ugarI gayAne sataSa anubhave-e dRSTAMtamAM ke jeNe brAhmaNa jAtinA badhA saMskArI choDI dharamAM patita strIne besADI hAya, je muslimA ke halakI jAtanA lekA sAthe khAnapAna ane vyavahAra-vyavasAya karatA thai gayA auAya evA jJAtitiraskRta brAhmaNanA mRtyu bAda tenA mRtazarIrane sparza karIne tenA aMtima saMskAra karavA tenA najIkanAM sagAvahAlAomAMthI kAi taiyAra na hoya, paNa enI rakhAta je aMtima saskAra kare tene potAnAM ghareNAM ApavAnI IcchA darzAve e sAthe brAhmaNu sagAsaMbaMdhIenAM mana calita thAya, eTaluM ja nahIM e AkhA brAhmaNusamAjamAM potAnAM vidyA ane cAritryabaLathI sanmAnanIya banela vipravarya pazu skhalanavaza thaI saMskAracalita thAya--e anaMtamUrtinI ' satkAra ' navalakathAnA hRSTAMtamAM kevaLa A dezamAM ja sabhavita yathArtha nuM citraNa che. teA pannAlAla paTelanI * mAnavInI bhavAi'mAM chappaniyA dukALamAM, jagatanA tAta kheDUtane ja bhUkha veThavI paDe che, caparI dhAna mATe zAhukAra samakSa hAtha phelAvI bhIkha mAgavAnA vakhata Ave che tyAre jagatanI bhUMDAmAM bhUMDI e vastu-bhUkha ane bhIkhane kAraNe mAnavInI je bhavAi thAya che te joI akaLAIne bhagavAnane bhAMDatA kheDUta, jyAre bhUkhyA DAMsa leAkAne jIvatA prANIne zarIre vaLagI, bacakAM bharI mAMsa khAtAM ane leAhI pItAM manekharUpe nihALe che tyAre karuNlRA ane bhaya anubhavI, anAjanAM gADAM lUMTavA potAnA hAthamAM lIdhelI talavAra e lAkA tarapha pheMke che e dRSTAMtamAM ane AMgaNe gAya bAMdhavAnA jIvanasvapnane kAre ya sAkAra na karI zakatA dri ane AsthALu kisAnanI patnI tenA mRtyu bAda godAna kare--evuM kisAnanA jIvanasa`grAmanuM vastu laIne racAyelI premacaMdajInI gAdAna 'nA dRSTAMtamAM bhAratIya samAjanI vAstavikatAnuM evuM ja addala rUpa che. vibhUtibhUSaNa baMdopAdhyAyanI ' AraNyaka' ane ' patherapAMcAlI ', bimala mitranI ' sAhaba, bIbI, gulAma', kAlindIcaraNanI ' mATIraNuM', gopInAtha mahAtInI mATImAtAla ', phakIrameAhananI cha mANu A gu' rAjendrasiha bedInI ' eka cAdara zailI sI', zivazaMkara pillaInI 'raTI TaMsI' vageremAM paNa bhAratIya prajAjIvananI nakrama vAstavikatAne bAdha pragaTa thayA che. pazu bhAratIya sAhityakRtiomAM kaivI vAstavikatA pragaTa thaI che enI vAta karatAM bhAratIya sarjaka ane bhAvaka A vAstavane vI rIte grahaNa kare che enI vAta mAre mana mahattvanI che. teo jIvanavAstavane kevaLa bhautika ane bauddhika stare grahaNa nathI karatAM pazu saMvedanAnA stara para svayaMsphuraNA ke haiyAukalatane AdhAre grahaNu kare che. jivAtA jIvananA vAstavanuM korI baudhikatA vaDe vibhAvanAmUlaka (Conceptual) pratibiMba upasAvavAne badale mAnasapratyakSa pratibhAnabhUlaka ( perceptual intuition) anubhavanI For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya AhityanA bhAvanA bhItara rahaeNla anubhUtibhUlaka pratikriyAnuM prAtizArSika citra upasAve che. arnAvala diSTa vaDe thayeluM AvuM samyaka nirUpaNu enI kharI vizeSatA che. 15 bhAratIya sauMda daSTi vizvanI anya prAAthI bhinna che. anya prajAe jyAre vastu ane tenA upAdAnamAM sau juve che tyAre bhAratIya prajA manuSyadaSTimAM sauMdarya hAvAnuM mAne che. bhAratIya prajA pAse suMdaratA mATe be sattAe che. lAvaNya ane ramaNIyatA. sapramANu aMgeaMganA sAmaMjasyamAMthI sphuratI saMvAditA ane samagratAmAMthI upasatI kAMti te lAvaNya ane kSaNe kSaNe navatA nipajAvatI rUpAli eTale ramaNIyatA, evA enA AgavA khyAle che. A kAraNe bhAratIya sauMda e dhamAM AdhyAtmikatA, sAttvikatA ane naitikatAnA bhAva che. pazcimanI prajAe nimelAM zilpo-mUrtie ane bhAratIya prajAe ghaDelAM zilpA ane deva-devIenI mUrtio nihALavAthI paNa bhAratIya prajAne je sauda medha che tene khyAla Avaze. bhAratIya sarjaka pAse anubhavanuM khaLa ane abhivyaktinuM sauMdarya kevuM che ene anubhava karavA icchanAre 'rAmAyaNu 'nA suMdarakAMDamAMthI, kAlidAsanA 'mezrvadUta' ane 'RtusaMhAra 'mAMthI, TAgoranI gItAMjalI ', ane ' citrAMgadA 'mAMthI, jayazaMkara prasAdachanA mahAkAvya kAmAyanI 'mAMthI, rAmadhArI saha dinakarajInI ' urvazI 'mAMthI, caitrayAdevInI ' na hanyate 'mAMthI ane bhAratIya bhASAenI raMgadarzI (romantic ) kAvyadhArAmAMnI prakRti ane praNayakAvyonI paraMparAmAMthI pasAra thavuM joIe. bhAratIya sarjakanA so da khAdhamAM viSayavasAnA ane bhAlapsA karatAM tanamananI svasthatA ane zucitA, kudaratanAM saOAnI ane manuSyanAM zarIra svabhAvanI anupamatA ane vimalatAnAM guNalakSaNA mukhya che. For Private and Personal Use Only bhAratIya prajAnI mUlyadRSTi paNa viziSTa che. maitrI, muditA, karuNA, upekSA jevAM jIvanamUlyo vaDe dharma, artha, kAma ane mAkSa jevA cAra jIvana puruSArthA saMsiddha karavAnI dhAraNA rAkhatI A prajAnA mUlyamAdha ananya che. enI dRSTie jIvanamAM prema, mamatA, vatsalatA, dayA, kSamA, udAratA, zorya, zaiva, ja, tapa, nitikSA abhIpsA, jevAM bhAvamUlyeAne ghaNA mahimA che, jIvana jIvatAM ane jogavatAM je arthA, rahasya ke darzana sa`prApta thayAM. te bhAratIya sarjakoe emanI racanAemAM pragaTa karyA che. mAgaNIsamA zatakamAM ApaNA dezamAM prAcInapUrva, arvAcInapUrva ane arvAcIna pazcimanI traNa sAMskRtika bhAvadhArAneA sa`gama thayeA tyAre dezanI ane vizeSa karIne gujarAtanI prajAnI sAmAjika-sAMskRtika sthiti kevI hatI, enAM balAbala kevAM hatAM, bhAratIya prajAe yana, karma ane prItiviSayaka peAtAnI purANI mImAMsAnuM navasaMskaraNu kevI rIte ane kevuM karavuM paDaze, nivRttimUlaka niSkarma nahIM, paNa pravRttimaya sanyAsanuM mUlya zuM che e badhuM darzAvavA gavanarAma tripAThIe cAra khaMDamAM lakhelI bRhannavala' sarasvatIcaMdra 'mAM pragaTatuM sa kanu daCna enuM eka udAharaNu che. te ravIndranAtha TAgAranI ' gArA 'mAM A sadInA AraMbhe rASTranA pragatizIla vanA jIvanamAM rASTra ane rASTravAda, hiMdudha ane hiMdusamAja, bhAratIya sAdhanA ane saskRti vize je vicAravikSAbha jAgyA hatA emAM je vamaLeA racAyAM hatAM tenu samAkalana rajU thayuM che. bhArata zuM che? e koi abhAratIyane zu' ApI zake ? kahevAtI

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nareza veda bhAratIyatA karatAM bhArata kema moTuM che ? jIvananAM badhAM paheluone sAvI letA akhaMDa janAdarza zuM hoI zake ? sAcuM jIvanatattva ane dharmatatva zuM che ? e badhuM darzAvavAne gaMbhIra, saniSTha ane pragabha puruSArtha emAM thayo che. koI eka bhAratIya sAhityanA keTalA UMcA ane gahana stare mUthabodha karAvI zake tenuM A navalakathA eka samartha nidarzana che. "sarasvatIcaMdra' ane "gora 'nI mAphaka bhUgavAstavane yugasvara dvArA pichANavAne prayatna karatI telugu bhASAnA sAkSara vizvanAtha satyanArAyaNunI "veyipaNulu' ( sahaapheNa') paNa rASTrIya staranI eka mahAvAkAMkSI racanA che. aMgrejonA Agamana ane Adhipatya sAthe pAzcAtya sabhyatAnuM ApaNI bhAratIya sabhyatA para AkramaNa thatAM, enI cakAcauMdhamAM aMjAI pitAno puNe vArase cheDIne navInatAnA mohamAM phasAvA lAgelI bhAratIya prajAne nihALI. tenAthI je anartha ane vinaSTi thaI rahI hatI te aTakAvavA bhAratIya prajAnI prANazaktinuM AvAhana karIne dezamAM sanAtana mUlyonI surakSA ane pratiSThA karavA mathatI A kathAmAM saMkrAMtikALanAM balAbalanI gahana ane vyApaka stara para chaSNAvaTa thaI che. kAM to "bhavabAdhAthI vihavaLa thaIne kuMDalinInA rUpamAM suI rahelA jIvane mUlAdhArathI uThAvIne sahastrAra sudhI pahoMcADatI prANazaktinA mUrta pratIkarUpe sahastrapheNa"nI kalpanA thaI che. "nidrAdhIna ke mUchavaza thayele ApaNe deza, ApaNI saMskRtirUpI prANuzaktithI ja jAgRta thaze ane svasvarUpanI pratiSThA karaze' evo saMdeza vyakta karavA athavA ApaNu purANomAM hajAra pheNavALA zeSanAganA zira para A pRthvI TakI rahyAnI je purAkathA che tene AdhAra laI lekhaka ema sUcavavA mAgatA lAge che ke A deza para Itara saMskRti ane AdhunikatAnA AkramaNathI A dezamAM ghaNuM badhuM badalAze, paraMtu eka vastu kayAreya nahi calata thAya, ane e enI dhArmika AsthAyukta AdhyAtmikatA. hajara pheNavALA zeSanAganuM enI para chatra che athavA AvA zeSanAganA AdhAra upara A dezane dhama adhiSThita che. bhAratavarSanI nUtana samAjaracanAnA pAyAmAM ApaNA bhAratIya ciMtane mUlyo ane Adarza ja hAvA joIe evuM pratipAdita karatI A navalakathAmAMthI upasate mUlyabodha khasUsa lAkSaNika che, bhAratIya mUlyadha pragaTa karatI anya mahatvapUrNa racanAo che TAgoranI "dhare-bAhire', kayAlAla munazInI "tapasvinI ', mijiaNunarAvanI "rASTrapuruSa'. bhAratIya prajAnAM citana, darzana, Adarzo ane mUlyone pragaTa karatAM tenAM be purANuM A mahAkAvya " rAmAyaNa ane mahArAbhArata' tathA eka arvAcIna sAthe mahAkAvya " kAmAyanI te bhAratIya prajA ane sAhityakAra mATe ciraMtana jatistaMbhamAM che bhAratIya sAhityamAM je vAstavabodha, saudaryabodha ane mUlyodha pragaTa thaye che e Indian way of perceiving reality, Indian psychy 248 Indian conscienced! 412214 karAve che. vilakSaNa rUpanA AvA trividha bodhane kAraNe vizvanI anya bhASAonA sAhitya karatAM bhAratIya sAhitya AgavI ane ananya mudrAvALuM banyuM che. A tenI evI vAvartaka vizeSatAo che jene kAraNe bhAratIya leko to "bhAratIya sAhitya'nI svataMtra sattA (ontology)ne svIkAre ja, paraMtu ethI AgaLa vadhI duniyAbharanA loko paNu e svIkAre. For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhAratIya sAhityanI vibhAvanA 9 bhale bhArata paMjAba, gujarAta, mahArASTra vagere prAMtamAM vahecAyeluM hoya, bhale emAM paMjAbI, gujarAtI, marAThI vagere bhASAomAM vyavahAra cAlato hoya, bhale bhAratamAM "bhAratIya bhAlA jevI koI bhASA na hoya, chatAM bhArata pAse enuM sAhitya che, ekamevAdritIyama jevuM sAhitya che. A vAtanI daDha pratIti gujarI gayelI gaI kAlanA deza-videzanA vidvAnane te hatI, AjanA vidvAnane na hatI. enuM mukhya kAraNa emane samRtibhraMza (amnesia). e kAraNe teo enI punarNodha (rediscovery)mAM nikaLyA. paraMtu have ene samajAze ke bhAratIya sAhitya ' gaI kAle ya hatuM, Aje ya che, ane AvatI kAle ya haze, as a matter of fact ! For Private and Personal Use Only

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lekhakone : 1 pAnanI eka ja bAjue, TAIpa karelA ane e zakya na hAya te zAhIthI suvAcya akSa lakhelA lekhA mAkalavA, TAIpa nakalamAM TAipakAmanI bhUlane sudhAryA pachI ja lekha mekalavA. gUjarAta vidyApIThanA joDaNIkoza pramANe joDaNI rAkhavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI mULa prata ja mekalavI. lekhanI kArbana nakala mokale tyAre te aMgenuM spaSTa kAraNa jaNAvavuM. 3 2. lekhamAM avataraNA, anya vidvAnAnAM maMtavyo TAMkavAmAM Ave tA te aMgene saMdarbha pUrepUrI vigata sAthe ApavA anivAya che. pAdaTIpamAM e saMdarbhenI vigata ApatAM lekhaka athavA saMpAdaka/saMzodhaka (aTaka pahelI ) graMtha, prakAzaka, prakAzanava, AvRtti pRha, e krama jaLavavA jarUrI che. svAdhyAya 'mAM chapAyela sarva lekhene kopIrAITa mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI, vaDAdarA hastaka che. lekhaka athavA anya koI e lekhamAMnA koi aza lekhita paravAnagI vagara punarmudrita karavA nahIM. 4 saMkSepazabdo prayeAjatA pahelAM e zabdo anya sthAne pUrepUrA prayeAjelA hovA joie, p pAdaTIpAnA krama saLaMga rAkhI je te pRSTha upara te te pAdaTIpAne nirdeza jarUrI che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir svA dhyA ya svAdhyAya ane saMzAdhananuM traimAsika soMpAdaka rAjendra AI, nANAvaTI " varSamAM cAra aMka bahAra paDe che-dIpotsavI aMka, vasaMtapa yamAM aMka, akSayatRtIyA aMka ane janmASTamI ka. lavAjama H ~~~bhAratamAM...rUA. 40=00 pai. ( TapAlakharca sAthe ) --paradezamAM...yunAITeDa sTeTsa oNpha amerikA mATe...12=00 DaoNlara (TapAlakha sAthe ) yuropa ane anya dezA mATe...pai. 7=00 (TapAla sAthe ) AkhA varSanA grAhako lavAjamanA varSanI zarUAtathI ja teAMdhavAmAM Ave che. lavAjama agAuthI svIkAravAmAM Ave che. lavAjama mAkalatI vakhate kayA maMtha mATe lavAjama mekahyuM che te spaSTa jaNAvavuM. lavAjamavarSa navembarathI okTobara sudhInuM gaNuAya che, je A saranAme mokalavuM-- niyAmakazrI, prAcyavidyAmandira, mahArAjA sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlaya, rAjamahela daravAjA pAse, rAjamahela roDa, vAdarA-390001. naherAtA : A traimAsikamAM jAherAta ApavA mATe lakhA~ saMpAdaka, svAdhyAya ', prAcyavidyAma dira, rAjamahela daravAjA pAse rAjamahela roDa vaDAdarA-390001. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vADmayamAM mULagraMthA ane na vasata ga. parIkha sauMskRta sAhitya, rasabhAvapUrNa madhura kAvye tathA aneka viSayomAM avagAhana karatA zAstro ane ciMtananA uccatama zikharane sparzItA dAnika granthAthI eka vizALa mahAsAgaranI bhavyatA dhAraNa karI rahyuM che. vaidika temaja lokika ema banne dizAomAM tenI vipulatA vistarI che. vaLI jeTalA granthA prakAzita thayA che, kadAca tenAthI vadhAre manthA haju hastapratamAM sadharAIne paDayA che. bhAgyeA ke TIkAonA sambandha mULa manthA jeTaluM ja mAtabara sAhitya temanA para lakhAyela bhASya, vArtika, vRttie, TippaNuM, cUrNikA ane vRttieAnA svarUpe upalabdha che. eka STie neie te A TIkAsAhitya ja mULa granthanA abhaMDArane khAlavAnI ( Aje te khAsa !) cAvI che. pR. 12-134, Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir koI kALe saskRta sa pUSkRtaH meAlacAlanI nahIM te paNu sAmAnya samAjamAM suparicita ane pracalita bhASA to hatI ja. para Mtu samaya jatAM te paDitA ane vyutpanna bhadra samAjanI ja AgavI bhASA banI rahI. prAdezika bhASA ke kheAlIonuM calaNu mukhya banyuM. vaLI vidvAna kavie ane zAstrapaMDito saMskRtane potAnI vidvattA ke pratibhAne prabhAva pADavA mATenuM mAdhyama banAvavA tarapha DhaLavA zAkhyA tyAre sAmAnya abhyAsI ke bhAvakane te samajavAmAM kaThinatA paDavA lAgI. vaLI vibhinna zAstrIya ke dAnika para parAone atyaMta sakSepamAM suvyavasthita rUpe rajU karatA sUtra manthA racAyA tyAre teA sIdhI rIte temanA mate pAmavAnuM lagabhaga azakaya ja thaI paDyu' eTale AvA sUtronA artha ne kheAthI tene vizadatAthIsamajAvavA mATe bhASya lakhAyAM. bhASyamAM sUtranA pratyeka padane spaSTa karavAmAM Ave che ane sUtrA ne e rIte spaSTa karatA padAne paNa kharAbara, jarUra paDe te udAharaNa vagere dvArA samajAvavAmAM Ave che. bhASyanI jema vArtiko paNa racAyA. 'vAcAya ', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA -janmASTamI a'ka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, Dai hari roDa, amarelI-365601 5 sUtrArthI vaNyaMte yatra pardaH sUtrAnusAribhiH / svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH // sara. saMkSiNasyAvyoEya yAyasyArthIyarsa: suvistaratarA bAco bhASyabhUtA bhavantu me / / zizu 2.24 bhASya prAraMbhe sUtronI nivRtti mATe lakhAyAM-ane ene ja bhASya kahevAya evA eka abhigama jarUra che paNa pachI bhASya zabdanA vyApa vistaryA eTale vedabhAgye . ane upaniSado paranAM zAMkarabhASyA vagere paNa ' bhAgya kahevAyAM. ' svA For Private and Personal Use Only

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vasaMta mi. parIkha vArtika mULa graMthamAM jemane nirdeza thayo che te padonA arthane te spaSTa kare ja, paNa sAthe sAthe je spaSTa kahevAyuM nathI, paNa ayAhata che tene paNa samajAve che, ane je duraha ke adharuM che tene saraLatAthI raju kare che je bhASya ane vArtika uparAMta vRttao, TIkAo vagere paNa lakhAyAM che ane temanuM kSetra te kAvya, zAstra, bhASya ane vArtika vagere sudhI vistaryuM che. sUtra paranA bhASyanuM sthAna prAyaH mULa canha jeTaluM ja mahattvanuM che. keTalAMka bhAge to emanI vistRta samajUti, sarvagrAhI carcA-vicAraNA ane madhura zailIthI mULa graMtha karatAM paNa vizeSa prasiddhi pAmyA che. temAM vyAkaraNa zAstranuM pAtaMjala mahAbhASya, jaimanInA mImAMsA sUtra paranuM zabarabhASya, ziSaka sUtro paranuM prazastapAda bhASya, nyAyasUtra paranuM vAtsyAyana bhASya, ane prasthAnatrayI paranA zAMkarabhASyo dhyAnArha che. bhANa, vArtika ke TIkA vagerenI nirUpaNa paddhatimAM kadAca bheda haze paNa samaya jatAM vRttio ke TIkAo paNa mAtra zabdArtha samajAvavA pUratI ja sImita na rahI. temanAmAM paNuM bhASyanI jema vistRta cha vaTa, tathA pUrvapakSa-siddhAMtapakSanI paddhatie carcA vicAraNA thatI joI zakAya che. A bhASya ke TIkAoe mULagraMtha ane vAcaka vacce setubaMdhanuM mahatvanuM kArya karyuM che. maLanA padone samajAvavA uparAMta paNa ema aneka rIte emanI upAdeyatA siddha karI che te joIe. kAvyagraMthemAM kaleSagUDhatA ke citra kAvyonA eka ke be ja akSaro dvArA racAtA vividha baMdhanA arthane pAmavAmAM A TIkAo moTo AdhAra banI rahe che.4 AvA kalekAtha samajAvavA uparAMta A TIkAo kayAreka je te lekanA chaMda, alaMkAra vagere paNa darzAve che. nATaka hoya to temAM rahelI paMcasaMdhi vagere paNuM spaSTa karI Ape che. chaMda, alaMkAra, saMdhi vagerenA zAstrIya lakSaNe Ape che. kAvyazAstrIya siddhAnto ke vyAkaraNazAstranA avataraNe paNa 2 uktAnuktaduruktArthavyaktikAri tu vArtikam / 3 sara. satta: sanniveSanA zizu 2.?? 4 udA. zrIharSanA naSadhacaritamAM damayaMtIsvayaMvara prasaMge nala rAjAnuM varNana karate bleka devaH patividuSi ! naiSadharAjagatyA nirNIyate na kimu na viyate bhavatyA / nAyaM nalaH khalu tavAtimahAnalAbho yadyenamujjhasi baraH kataraH paraste / 13-34 cAra devo paNa naLanuM rUpa dharI AvyA hatA ane A sAce pAMcame naLa. eTale A zlokamAM zleSathI evu varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che ke te Indra, vAhana, yama, varaNuM ane naLa e pAMceyane lAgu paDe. TIkAonI sahAyathI ja A pAMca artho samajI zakAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vADmayamAM mULayathA ane bhAkhyA ke TIkAonA sambandha Ave che. zabdakozonA nAma sahita AdhAro pazu rajU kare che. koI aitihAsika ke paurANuika saMdarbho hoya te te aMgenI kathAo paNa Ape che. ane kayAreka samAMtara zleka ke vidhAtA paNa uSkRta kare che. 131 A TIkAo koI vAra pAThAMtarIne paNa ullekha kare che. ane jyAre koi granthanI ekathI vizeSa TIkAe upalabdha heAya tyAre pAThAMtaro dvArA mULa pAThanI najIka javAmAM paNa madada maLe che. rAmAyaNu, mahAbhArata vagerenI TIkAonA AdhAre kSepako nizcita karavAmAM paNu madada maLI che te ApaNane temanI prakAzita thayelI samIkSita AvRtti parathI jANuvA maLe che. kayAreka mULa granthanI racanAne samaya anizcita hoya paNa tenA paranI TIkAneA samaya jANI zakAya hAya tA tyAre te mULa granthanA kartAnA samayanI koI eka pazcAdrI sImA paNa bAMdhI zakAya che. keTalIka vAra mULa grantha upalabdha na heAya paraMtu tenA paranI TIkA maLI AvI hoya evuM paNu bane che. have jo e TIkAmAM mULa kRtinA pratIkAne chUTathI upayeAga thayA hAya te gheADA dhaNuA aMze mULa kRtinA punaHnirmANanI dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavAnI eka taka ubhI thAya che. A uparAMta vizeSa te zAstragranthAmAM mULakRtinA bhASya ke TIkA upara paNa upaTIkAe racAI hoya tyAre vibhinna samayanA sAMskRtika ke vaicArika pravADI ane temAM thaI rahelA vikAsanA athrusAra pazu maLI Ave che. khAma A bhASya/TIkA sAhitya mukhya rUpe anI spaSTatA siddha kare che, ane AnuSaMgika rUpe koI aitihAsika ke vaicArika pRSThabhUmine paNa paricaya karAvI jAya che. ane e rIte e eka svataMtra kRtinA darane paNa prApta kare che. A rIte mULa grantha ane tenI TIkAo vaccenA anudha aneka rIte upakAraka nIvaDe che. Ama hovA chatAM paNa bhASya/TIkAsAhityanuM adhyayana karavAmAM viveka jALavaveA Avazyaka che. kAraNa ke tenA lAbha khuA che tema tenI maryAdAe pazu che. bhASyakAra ke TIkAkAra chevaTe te eka manuSya che, ane potAnA yuganuM saMtAna che. te samayanA paribaLoe tenA mana-ddhine prabhAvita karyA hoya che. tenI peAtAnI pazu amuka {nazcita mAnyatAo badhAI hoya che. kayAreka viSayanI pAkI samajaNa pazu tene na hoya evuM paNa banI zake. tethI teNe kareluM arthaghaTana kayAreka mULa granthakartAne abhipreta na hoya ema paNa bane. te koi vAra samakAlIna sAMskRtika parivezathI raMjita thayelI dRSTi, TIkAkArane apekSita evuM tATasthya jALavavAnuM paNa cUkI jAya che. emAM paNu mULa granthanI racanAnA samaya ane bhASya/TIkAnI racanAnA samaya vacce jyAre dhaNuM mATuM aMtara paDI gayuM hoya tyAre prAcIna kRtinuM aMghaTana arvAcIna mApadaMDathI thavAnI zakayatA paNa nakArI zakAya nahIM. A badhuM jotAM evA prazna svAbhAvika ja uThe ke zuM bhASya ke TIkAmAM Apele mata ke artha mULane vaphAdAra rahyo haze ? prAya: A praznano uttara nirNayAtmaka hakAramAM Apave kaphina thaI paDe che. "TalAMka udAharaNAne mAtra nirdeza karIe. For Private and Personal Use Only vedanAM sUkatA tA dhaNA prAcIna che. have temanAM paranuM jUnAmAM jUnuM upalabdha bhASya pa bahu meDethI lakhAyeluM che. tenI ane vedanI vacce sadIonuM aMtara paDayuM che. pariNAme AvA bhAgyeza parathI kadAca sapATI paranA saraLa arthAM to pAmI zakAya paN te saMpUrNa sa MtASakAraka tA bhAgye ja lAge. vAstavamAM ahIM vedamatronA artha nahIM paNa temanuM arthadhaTana ja hoya che. ane

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12 jasata mi. parIkha arthadhaTana to eka abhiprAya ja gaNuAya. sAvaNanuM bhASya ghaNuM upayogI che. tenAthI vedArtha tarapha javAnA mArga paNa khule che, te paNa barAbara paraMtu teNe kareluM arthaghaTana sarvasvIkRta banI zakayuM nathI. koI bhASyakAra vedamAM Adhidaivika ane AdhyAtmika artho zodhe che. are, saMskRta bhASAmAM rahelI aneka rtha niSpanna karavAnI kSamatAne lAbha laI vedaRcAonA zrIrAmaparaka ke zrIkRSNaparaka arthadhaTano paNa thayA che, te vidvAnone suvidita che. A uparAMta tenA bhASAzAstrIya daSTie paNuM arthaghaTane thayA che te yogaparaka ke taMtraparaka arthadhaTane paNa thayA che. Aje paNa thayA kare che. svAmI zrI dayAnaMda sarasvatI ane zrI araviMda jevA arvAcIna bhASyakAronA arthaghaTane tenA udAharaNo che. kAvya sAhityamAM paNa mULa kavine anapekSita evI arthachaTAo keTalIkavAra TIkAkAre upasAvI ApatA hoya che. temAM temane hetu kayAreka temanuM pitAnuM pAMDitya darzAvavAne paNa hoya che te kayAreka koI cekasa mAnyatAnuM rakSaNa ke pradarzana karavA paNa hoya che. jema ke nIlakaMTha jevA zrIkRSNa bhaktane mahAbhAratanA sabhAparvamAM zizapAle karelI zrIkRSNanI niMdA sahana thatI nathI. tethI te nidA kone teNe stutiparaka artha karI dekhADe che. te puSpadantanuM zivamahimnastotra vAstavamAM zivastotra hovA chatAM eka TIkAmAM tene vikapa vipaka artha karavAmAM Avyo che. TIkAkAra koivAra evo koI ullekha karI bese che ke jethI koI aitihAsika saMdarbha saMzayagrasta banI jAya che. jema ke kAlidAsanA meghadUtanA eka leka (naM. 14) paranI TIkAmAM mallinAtha dina ga zabdamAM prasiddha bauddha dArzanika dinAgane nirdeza kalpe che. ane ema kAlidAsane samaya nirdhArita karavAnuM vrata laI beThelA vidvAnamAM tarkavo racAvA lAge che. 5 udAharaNa mATe A eka bleka ane tenA para nIlakaMThanI TIkA paryApta che-zizupAla bhImane kahe che jJAnavRddhaM ca vRddhaM ca bhayAMsaM kezava mama / ajAnata ivAkhyAsi saMstuvankurusattama / gonaH strInaca sambhISma kathaM saMstavamarhasi / 34-15 TIkA-gona iti-gAM vAcaM hanti hinasti 'yato vAco nivartante' iti zruteH / svasmAd vyAvartayati tathA strIva strIsRSTau sahAyabhUtA mAyA takhantA / vAcA mAyikasya gujarAtaH stutiH zAH anI racanA, vAjatI ta: saMtati , na patra I 6 adreH zRGga harati pavanaH kisvivityunmukhIbhiH dRSTotsAhazcakitacakitaM mugdhasiddhAGganAbhiH / sthAnAdasmAtsarasaniculAdutpatodaGmukhaH khaM diGanAgAnAM pathi pariharan sthUlahastAvalepAn // 14 // manninAtharI......viDanA vArdhakya virAsatavAkya uttAvAra vicArapuurvkaanni dUSaNAni pariharan bhadraH adrikalpasya diGnAgAcAryasya zRGgaM prAdhAnyam / dakSiNAvatanI TIkA mAM paNa A ja bhAva che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta vAkyamAM mULa che ane bhAve ke TIkAone saMbadha zAstro ke dArzanika maLe paranA bhAgya TIkA pradezamAM jyAre praveza karIe chIe tyAre bhAre sAvadhAnI rAkhavI paDe che. TIkAkAranI taTasthatA keTalI che ane tenI koI cakkasa saMpradAya paratvenI niSThA keTalI che tene tAga kADhavo paDe. kAraNa ke prAyaH bhASyakAra ke TIkAkAra mULagranthanuM arthadhaTana potAnA siddhAnta ke saMpradAyanA samarthana mATe karatA hoya ema paNa dekhAI Ave che. bAdarAyaNa kRta brahmasUtranA vividha bhAvyo ane e bhASyo paranI TIkAo A paristhitinuM bolatuM udAharaNa che. upanivadenA dArzanika vAne samanvaya karavA racAelAM A brahmasUtromAM bhASyakArIe e te anvaya karI dekhADo ke samanvaya sutromAM ja gAMThe paDI gaI! pariNAme daMta, kevalAdvaita, viziSTata, zuddhAdvaita ane acinya bhedabheda vagerene eka vAdamaMca sai gaye ! are, zrImad bhagavaddagItA jevo atyaMta lokapriya ane saraLa zabdArthavALo grantha paNa A valaNuthI mukta na rahI zaka.7 takane laMbAvavAnI A prakriyAnuM paNa eka kAraNa che, vaidikadarzananI sAme bauddhadarzana ane kaMIka aMze jenadarzanane eka prabaLa pratipakSa paNa ubho thayo hato. temanA AkramaNane prativAda karI svamatanI surakSA karavAnuM A darzananA abhyAsI ane anurAgI vidvAna AcAyoe pitAnuM kartavya mAnyuM hatuM. ane prativAda para thatA navA AkSepone paNuM parihAra karatA rahevAnI eka sazakta paraMparA paNa UbhI thaI. AnuM noMdhapAtra udAharaNa nyAyasUtra para racAelI cAra mika TIkAo che. nyAyasUtranA vAsyAyana bhASya para bauddha granthamAM dhAM sthaLoe khaMDanAtmaka AkSepo thayA. temane parihAra karavA udyonakare e bhASya upara vArtika racyuM. udyotakarane paNa bauddha dArzanikone prahAra sahevo paDayo, tethI tenA bacAvamAM vAcaspati mi nyAyapAtika tAtparya TIkA lakhI. A TIkA 5 virodhathI mukta na rahI tyAre udayane tenA para parizuddhi TIkA lakhI ad bhuta tarka kauzalyane paricaya karAvyuM. mAtra bauddha vagere avaidaka darzane ja nahIM paNa keTalIka bAbatomAM mImAMsA ane vedAna jevA vaidika darzane paNa nyAyavazeSika matathI judA paDe che. tyAre paNuM A darzananA TIkAkAre potAnA matanuM samarthana karatA jovA maLe che. AvI dhAradAra dalIlonI varSA vacce paNa thoDA apavAde bAda karatA sarvadarzane nA AcAryo ane vidvAnoe sArA pramANamAM saMyama ane viveka jALavyuM che enI paNa noMdha levI ghaTe. mAtra, tattvabrusa e navAvAdanuM sAcuM lakSaNa che te vAta cheDA samaya mATe visAre paDI, ane savamanasthApana tathA paramatakhaMDana karatA "jalpa 'ne prAdhAnya ApavAmAM AvyuM, tenAthI pAramArthika satya pRSThabhUmimAM sarakatuM lAge che ane tarka jALathI utpanna thatI kliSTatAnA kAraNe che udA. nAsato vidyAre mAro sAmAko vite : | ubhayorapi dRSTo'ntasvanayostatvadarzibhiH // 2-16 zrI madvAcArya prathama caraNamAM vile pAva:ne futeDamAva: ema samajAve che tathA bIjA caraNamAM rAmAzo vivazataH ama samajAve che temanA mate asara ane sana banne nitya che e tivAda ahIM apekSita che. A uparAMta zrIzaMkarAcArya zrI rAmAnujAcAryA vagerenI TIkAemAM 5NuM svasiddhAMtanuM samarthana karavAnA prayAsa jaI zakAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vasaMta mi. parIkha avAsIone paNa paribhASAnA bhArathI AkrAnta TIkAo durbodha lAge che. Ama hevAthI samayAMtare AvA TIkAgranthane abhyAsa pramANamAM maMda paDato gayo. e granthA je te paraMparAmAM siddhahasta guruo pAse ja bhaNavA paDe tevI sthiti nirmita thaI. ane evA samaye pazcimI zikSaNa paddhati AvI. pazcimI vidvAne ane temanA abhigamanA prabhAva nIce bhAratamAM paNa bhAratIya darzananuM jJAna mahadaMze aMgrejImAM lakhAelA granthanA AdhAre meLavavAnuM valaNuM vadhatuM cAlyuM. phalanaH mULa grantha ane temanI TIkAonA abhyAsa pratyene utsAha maMda paDate gaye. sabhAge vartamAna samayamAM e paraMparAne navacetana ApavAnA stutya prayAsa thaI rahyA che. paraMtu TIkAonAM A vipula sAhityanuM adhyayana spaSTa kare che ke bhAratIya manISIonuM ciMtana, gaganane AMbavA jeTalI chalAMga lagAvI zake che ane game tevA virodhI vicAra paNa A dezamAM muktapaNe abhivyakta thaI zake che. mAtra vicAra svAtaMtrya ja nahIM paNa pratipakSI pratye paNa samAdara e bhAratIya saMskRtinuM eka umadA lakSaNa che e satyane paricaya samagra jagatane paNa tenAthI thayo che. e eka mahAna siddhi che. - * keTalIka maryAdAo hovA chatAM paNa bhAkhyo ane TIkAo A ja saMskRta bhASAmAM sacavAI rahelA bhAratIya saMskRtinA bhavya vArasAne TakAvI rAkhe che. eTaluM ja nahIM paNa rasa, vivecana ane zAstrIya ciMtana vagerenI sakSama paddhatio paNa ApI che. ane sAcI vAta te e che ke A TIkA sAhityanA abhAvamAM satyanA sahastradaLa kamaLa sudhI pahoMcavAno mArga ApaNane kayAMthI prApta thAta ! For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta-pranthAnA sanadarbhe pAThasamIkSA zAstrane pravRttivika95" santakumAra ma bhaTTa* yuropamAM praziSTa bhASAzAstrIoe grIka, leTina vagere bhASAmAM racAyelA praziSTa granthanI pAI samIkSA (arthAt samakSita pATha saMpAdana) karavA mATe pAThasamIkSA-zAstra/paddhatine vikasAvI hatI. AmAMthI preraNuM laIne, ApaNuM saMskRta pratyenI pAThasamIkSA karavAnuM kArya i. sa. 1919nI AsapAsa bhAratamAM bhAratIya vidvAna dvArA zarU thayuM che. A pravRttinA AraMbhe zakavartI gaNI zakAya evI "mahAbhArata "nA AdiparvanI samIkSita AvRtti prophe. zrI vI. esa. sukathaMkara sAhebe bhAraDArakara erienTala rIsarca InsTITayuTa, (BORI) pUnA dvArA I. sa. 1933mAM prakAzita karI. paraMtu A pravRttine joIe eTale vega hajI maLyuM nathI, tathA pAdasamIkSA eTale zuM? enI mUlagAmI samaja paNa bahu pracAramAM AvI nathI. bIjI tarapha saMskRta pAThayagrAnI pAThasamIkSA je bahuvidha samasyAothI grasta che, tathA udAratAvAdI ane rUDhivAdI dRSTikoNavALI pAThasamIkSA kayAre, keTalA aMze amalamAM mUkavI? te viSe paNa vivekanI AvazyakatA che. prastuta lekhamAM enI sodAharaNa carcA karavAmAM AvI che. pAThasamIkSA (Textual Criticism) athavA to samIkSita pATha saMpAdana (Critical Text-Editing)ne khyAla ane kAryakSetra AraMbhe spaSTa karI levA joIe. koI paNa (saMskRta) manthane pATha (Text) prAMtalipionI pratilipimAM saMkramita thatA thate Aje maLatI hastalikhita pratemAM je UtarI Avyo hoya che, te pratilipi karanAra lahiyAonA aneka prakAranA pramAdane kAraNe svecchAe ke anicchAe tathA akasmAtane kAraNe vikRta, azuddha ke khaMDita thayela hoya che. AthI hastalikhita pratomAM jaLavAI rahelA e eka ja kRtinA vividha "svAdayAya', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, 5. 135-16. * anusnAtaka saMskRta vibhAga, uttara gujarAta yunivarsiTI, pATaNa dvArA Ayojita - saMta pA ThasamIkSA " viSayaka rAjyastarIya parisaMvAda (tA. 8-10 mArca, 1997)mAM rajU karelA lekha. + adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vasatakumAra ma. bhaTTa prakAranA pAThamAMthI mULa pranthakAra (ja) lakhyuM hoya evA mULa pAThane (Original text)ne zodhI krADho, anumAno; ane kAlAntare pravezelAM hoya evAM pAThAntarane pAdaTIpamAM cokkasa paddhatie saMgRhIta karavAM-enuM nAma "samIkSita pATha saMpAdana " cheAvA samIkSita pAThasaMpAdanamAM cokakasa paddhatie prakSepa zodhI kADhI temane asvIkAra karo, tathA khaMDita aMzenuM zakya hoya tyAM sudhI sahAyaka sAmagrI vagerene AdhAre punargaThana (reconstruction) karavAnuM kAma paNa hAtha dharAya che Ama upara nirdoryuM tema pAThasamIkSAnuM hArda e vAtamAM che ke hastalikhita prate (manuscripts ) pAraphulipiomAM saMkramita thayelA vaividhyapUrNa zraddhAzuddha pAThamAMthI mULagranthakArane abhipreta hoya evA pAThanuM saMzodhana ane pratiSThApana. paraMtu saMskRta granthanA sandarbhe jyAre AvI pAsamIkSA hAtha dharavAmAM Ave tyAre te bahuvidha samasyAothI prasta chee vAtathI paNa ApaNe pahelA sabhAna thavAnI jarUra che. jema ke, (4) rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata jevA lokapriya ArSa mahAkAvya (epics) ane purANene pATha yuge yuge ane judA judA prAntomAM satata upakhaMhaNa pAmatA gayA che. ( dA. ta. "jaya mAMthI bhArata', ane "bhArata mAMthI "mahAbhArata' thayuM-ema mahAbhAratanA traNa saMskaraNe thayAnuM kahevAya che.) AthI je kRtione pATha satata vikasato rahyo che tene "mULapATha" karyo haze ? tene nirNaya thaI zake ema ja nathI. AvI ja sthiti purArAnA pAThane paNa lAgu paDe che. bI. vI. esa. sukathaMkarajI lakhe che ke-Ours is a problem of textual dynamics. rather than in textual statics prAcInatama gaNAtA 'masyapurANavize ema paNa kahevAya che ke te pahelAM-mULamAM-evapurANa hatuM, ane pAchaLathI tene vaiSNavapurANuM banAvAyuM che. Ama satata vikasatI ane badalAtI rahelI pAThaparaMparAovALI kRtione kaye aMza kaI sadImAM umerAyo haze ? vagere aneka prazna jALa A kRtio sAthe vIMTaLAIne paDI che. (8) satrazailImAM racAyelA grA, jevA ke - 1. pANinie raceluM " aSTAdhyAyI ' vyAkaraNa ane gautama RSi praNIta nyAyasUtrone pATha paNa kALakrame badalAto rahyo che, athavA temAM 1 Textual Criticism, a goneral term given to the skilled and mothodical application of human judgement to the settlement of toxts. By a "text" is to be understood a document written in a language known, more or less, to the inquirer, and assumed to have a meaning wbich has been or can be ascertained. The aim of the textual critic' may then be defined as the restoration of the text, as far as possible, to its original form, if by original form we understand the form intended by its a athor. Postgate J. P., the Encyclopedia of Britannica, Vol. 22, pp. 6-11, 2 Sukhathankar V. S., Prolegomena 10 Mahabharata Adiparvam, BORI, Pune, 1933, p. lxxvii. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta grAnA pAdarbhe pAsamIkSAzAstrane pravRttivika samayAMtare amuka jarUriyAta UbhI thatAM, ke koI sUtranuM arthaghaTana ajJAta thatAM ke beTuM arthaghaTana pravartatAM anya sUtra racavAnI navAM umeravAnI jarUra UbhI thAya che. AnAM nakkara purAvAo paNa keTalAka lekhAmAM prasiddha thayAM che. jemake, loke. esa. DI. jozIe (CASS studies No. Univ. of Poona, Pune, 19 mAM ) avitA --12 sutrane, tathA na vAstarvijanavapano rasavanusvArakIrSaka viSay . 2-2-3 IvAdi sUtronuM prakSanuM jAra karyA che. eka inDiyA ArienTala konpharansa zAMtiniketana 1980mAM InDiyana lIMgvIsTIkasa vibhAganuM pramukhIya vyAkhyAna ApatAM De. jezIjIe jaNAvyuM hatuM ke vaidaka svaraprakriyAnAM ane taddhata prakaraNanAM sUtro paNa uttaravartIkALamAM umerAyAM che. e ja pramANe, temaNe ane prophe. De. zrImatI sarajI bhATee ' aSTAdhyAyI 'mAM vaparAyelA kula kAramAMthI 50 TakA jeTalA ja kAre nirarthaka che, ane pAchaLanA umerA che. AthI pANaninI "aSTAdhyAyI" sUtrapAThanI samIkSita AvRtti tayAra karatI vakhate, judI judI sadImAM sUtronA pahelA staramAM kayAM kayAM sUtro hatAM? te pachI bIjA staramAM kayA sUtro umerAyAM? ka trIjA staramAM kevAM parivartane navI teDa joDa zarU thaI ? ityAdinuM nirUpaNa karavuM paDe ema che. (1) kAvya (gadya, padya, nATya)nI racanA koI eka ja kavie karI che. tethI temanI kRtione pATha ekarUpa hovo joIe. AvI kAvyakRtio svataMtra pravAhIvALI pAThaparaMparAmAM prAyaH jaLavAI haze; paNa kAlidAsa jevA lokapriya mahAkavinI kationI pAThulapamAM vibhinna pAka paraMparAonuM AMtara saMmizraNa thayeluM jovA maLe che. nATyakRtio, te bhAsanI hoya ke kAlidAsanI heya paNuM bhajavaNI daramyAna kApakUpavALI ke navA umerAvALI (jene gAvRtti Stage scripts kahe che.) pAThaparaMparAmAM pravehamAna banI che. tethI tenI pAThasamIkSA paNa vivAdAspada banI che. trIjI tarapha bhavabhUti jevA nATyakAra mATe "mahAvIrasyarata 'ne saMpAdaka ToDaramala, ane "mAlatImAdhava'nA saMpAdaka DaoN. bhADAkara sAhebe evo mata uccAryo che ke A kavie pote ja potAnI nATyakRtione pATha (text) ekarUpa ra na hate ! vaLI, temaNe ekane eka pleka potAnA be traNeya nATakomAM judA judA sandarbha mAM pharI pharIne vAparyo che; ane te dareka vakhate temAM thoDAka zabdane badalI kADhayA che ! AthI bhavatinAM nATakonI pADhasamIkSAe vaLI eka navI samasyA khaDI karI che !* (5) zAstrama- ke TIkATippaNuM sAhityanA grantha, ke jyAM tarkanuM ane pratipAdya viSayanuM prAdhanya hoya tenI hastapratomAM judI judI pAThaparaMparAo nIkaLe paNa kharI, ane na paNa nIkaLe. paraMtu pramANamAM AnI pATa paraMparAmAM saMmizraNa ochuM thayuM hovAnI saMbhAvanA che. 3 A vize vadhu vigata mATe " Do. yazodharA kara'nA lekha : " The problems in the Critical Edition of the Astadhyayi ", in Problems of Editing Ancient Texts; ed. Jha V. N., Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratisthan, Delhi, 1993, pp. 94-119. 4 Belvalker S. K., Text tradition of Bhavabhuti's Uttara-Ramacaritam; Journal of the american Oriental Society, Vol, 35, pp. 428-33, svA 0 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 136 vasaMtakumAra ma bhaTTa (7) prANIkathAo ke bAdhakathAo, jevI ke paMcatantra vagere, tenI pATha samIkSAmAM mukhyatve vibhinna rUpAMtarAnA judI judI sadIenA mizraNlRne alaga tAravavAnI samasyA che, (2) muktako/subhASitAnI pAThapara parA epaNu eka nIrALI samasyA laine kheDI che. temAM kayA samayanA, kayA kavinI racanA che; tathA, kAlAntare koNe zu' pheraphAra ke mizraNA karyA haze? e kahevuM ati muzkela che, Ama, saMskRta andhAnI pAThapara parAenuM vaividhya ja eTaluM badhuM che ke te darekanA pAsa...pAdananuM kArya bahumukhI samasyAothI gherAyeluM che saMskRta granthAnI pAThasamIkSA karavAnuM kArya yupIya vidvAnoe zarU karyuM --enA itihAsa tarapha dardaSTapAta karavA aprAsaMgika nahIM gaNAya. jemake, mesasyUlare pahelavahelu 'Rgveda 'tu sAyabhASya sAthe samIkSita pAsapAdana karyuM ( i. sa. 1859mAM) tyAre tenI prastAvanAmAM temaNe pAThasaMpAdanane (1) anAlecanAtmaka pAsa`pAdana ane ( 2 ) AlecanAtmaka pAThasa'pAdana-ema be bhAgamAM vaheMcI kADhyuM. jemake, keTalAka yuropIya vidvAnA, ke jee sa`skRtanA ke keAI ekAda za!ana! pUrepUrA niSNAta na hatA temaNe jyAre saMskRta granthAnuM pAThasa MpAdana hAtha dharyuM tyAre temaNe hastalikhita prAmAM jyAM ( sAtha ka ) pADabheda joyA ke lahiyAnA pramAdI janmelI azuddhio joI tyAM te saune niSThApUrvaka nAMdhavAnI paddhati svIkArI. Ama karavA pAchaLa be kArakhyu hatA : teo potAnA jJAnanI maryAdAthI sabhAna hatA ane mULane aAtAMya hAni na pahoMcADavAnI dAnatavALA hatA. AthI meksamyUla jemAM azuddhate pazu 'pAntara gaNI levAmAM Ave, arthAt azuddhi ane pAAntara vacce viveka na karavAmAM Ave, tathA bannene sarakhuM ja mUlye ApavAmAM Ave ene 'anAlecanAtmaka pAsa pAdana kahyuM che. ' paraMtu jyAre viSayane pUrepUruM AtmasAt karIne pachI je pAThasaMpAdana hAtha dharavAmAM Ave, temAM buddhipUrvaka lahayAnA ajJAnane ke pramAdane kAraNe janmelI azuddhiene ane sAka pAntarane alaga tAravavAmAM Ave tyAre tene AlecanAtmaka pADarA pAdana' kahevAya che. mesamyUlare sAyagubhASyamAM pravezelI pratilipIkaraNa daramyAnanI lahiyAnA hAthe thayelI azuddhione noMdhavAnuM jarUrI mAnyuM nathI. emanA ma1 AvI azuddhione pUrvApara sandarbhomAM pharIthI pAdasaMpAdaka jAte sudhArIne punaH sthApita kare te te ayogya nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only uparyukta abhiprAyanI samIkSA karatAM zrI jI. Ara. naMdaragIkarai jaNuAvyuM che ke mesanyUlarane A siddhAMta dekhAvamAM te bahu sundara che, paNa temAM vyavahArika STie gaMbhIra vAMdhA e raDele che ke Ama karavAthI mULa pAThanI punaHprApti kvI rIte thai zakaze ? kemake, AnAthI te ApaNA yugano cAlAkIbharyAM parivartana karI ApanArA pAsa`pAdakone khulluM dvAra maLI jaze.

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saMskRtanyanthAnA sandarbhe pAThasamIkSAzAsana pravRttivikapa Adhunika pAdasaMpAdako tA pachI aneka aTakaLAbharyA pADe sUcakaze mATe mekasamyUlare AlecanAtmaka pArkasamIkSA 'nA nAme Adhunika pArTasapAdakone ApelI chUTa mAnya karI zakAya evI nathI. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A sandarbhomAM bIbalIthikA inDikA sIrIjhamAM prakAzana thayela vAyupurANa 'tI prastAvanAmAM zrI rAjendralAla mitre jaNAvyuM che ke keTalAka kahevAtA Adhunika pAsa pAdako te vividha pAyAntarAne sahana ja karI zakatA nathI ( jyAre jUnA vyAkhyAkArA tA eTalA saniSTha jarUra hatA ke temanI sAmenA pADAntarAne nAMdhavAnI, cavAnI tee cIvaTa rAkhatA hatA. ) temanA mate ' mULa pATha ' te koI paNu eka ja hovA joie; ane je vaividhyasabhara pAThAtA ovA maLe che te lahiyAonI bhUlanuM pariNAma che. ane AvI azuddhi ke bhUlane sudhAravI e Adhunika posaMpAdakanuM kartavya che. AthI AvA kahevAtA Adhunika pAThasa`pAdakoe muLa joDe adhikAra ceSTAo karI che ane aprAmANikapaNe paraMparAgata pADamAM pheraphArA pazu karyA che. AvA karAtA pAThasaMpAdakonI Adhunika AvRttiemAM, temaNe kai kai hastalikhita pratA vAparI che, keTalI TIkA joie ? vagere samIkSaNIya sAmo (Critical Apparatus )nA (nardeza mahaze DAtA ja nathI. * jyAre, zrI nadaragIkara kahyuM che. tema-yuropIya vAnA sAmAnya rIte judI praNAlIne anusare che. grIka, ke le Tana granthAnA sa`pAdananI jema saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA prathAnuM te saMpAdana kare che tyAre pazu teme temane prApta thayelI tamAma hastalikhita pratAnuM punaH yathAvata nirUpagu karatA hoya che. A prasaMge temane jovA maLatA pAkAntA H lahiyAJAnI azuddhione teo pAdaTIpamAM ke pariziSTamAM yathAvat utAre che. pAThAlAyananI dRSTie A pati nirvivAda rIte uttama che, kema ke Adhunika saMpAdakone paraparAgata pAThAntarAmAMthI yatheccha rIte kAI eka ( 4 ) pAne maulika pATha tarIke pasada karavAnA svecchAcAra karavAnI chUTa ApavI te teA sahana na thai zake eveA ja mArga che. - 179 A yuropIya vidvAnoe pArTasaMpAdana aMge keTalIka pAyAnI bAbate e nakkI karI hatI --1. praziSTa sa`skRtanA paDitAe aTakaLo karIne je sudhArA-vadhArA karyA hoya te svIkArya na ja anavA joi e. 2. navA sudhArAthI pATha game teTalA dekhAvamAM sArA-sundara a Apate banI rahyo hoya teA paNuM tenA tarapha nApasaMdagI ja batAvathI joi e. 3. koipaNu vyAkhyAkAranI ke anuvAdakanI dRSTie ' zuM hoi zake? athavA * zu' amuka (4) hevuM joIe ? '-e vize je kahevAyuM. DeAya te bhale kahevAyuM hoya. pappu pAsa pAke te hastalikhita pratAmAM zuM pADa maLe che? ''eTaluM ja kahevAnu rAkhavuM. chellA traNusA varSomAM paDatA dvArA cAlAkIthI je pADemAM sudhArA kra umerA thayA hoya tene dUra 4. karavA. * For Private and Personal Use Only

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varatakumAra ma* bhaTTa, paraMpanAthI utarI AvelI hastalikhita pratAne AdhAre pAThavyagranthanA " mULa pATha 'nuM punaHsthApana karavA mATe yuropakhaMDanA vidvAnoe je prakAre pATha samIkSA karavAnuM zarU karyuM temAM AraMbhakALanA pATha saMpAdakAmAM traNa prakAranA sapradAye jovA maLe che - (1) bahusaMkhya hastalikhita pratone svIkAranA sampradAya : (The majority manuscript-school) zarUAtamAM evA keTalAka pATha saMpAdako hatA, je . " je pATha dhaNI badhI hastaprato mAM jovA maLatuM hoya, ane judA judA prA-temAMthI maLelI hatapratAmAM eka sara jovA maLato hoya te tene "mULa pATha" (original text) tarIke svIkAravAnuM " valaNa dharAvatA hatA. paraMtu A samUdAyanI TIkA thaI, ane evo vicAra upasI AvyuM ke hastapratonI saMkhyA mahatvanI nathI. (The general principle that codices are to be weighed, and not counted. ) jo vadhu vizvasanIya ke anya hastapratone mATe " Adarzaprata' banelI koI pratane pATha maLI Ave te bahu saMkha hastapratonA pAkanI upekSA paNa karI zakAya. kAraNa ke e te ughADuM che ke koI pazu pratilipi enI Adarza prata karatAM to utaratI kakSAnI ja hAvAnI. (2) uttama hastapratane svIkAratA sampradAya ; (The best manuscript school -eka ja Adarza pratamAMthI be pratilipi banAvAI hoya te e svAbhAvika che ke bekALajIvALA lahiyAe karelI pratilipi, ke jemAM ghaNI azuddhio pravezelI hoya che, tenA karatAM kALajIvALA lahiyAe tauyAra karelI pratilipine vadha re mahattva ApavuM joIe. paraMtu hAusamene A saMpradAyanI TIkA karI che. amuka hastaprata "uttama' zA mATe che ? te emAM uttama pAThAntara che " mATe, e je koI javAba Ape to enI sAme praba karI zakAya ke- emAM uttama pAThAntare che " evuM kevI rIte jANI zakAya ? te enuM kAraNa ema ApavAmAM Ave che ke te pAThAntaro uttama hastapratamAMthI maLe che. Ama uttama hastapratane khyAla sApekSa che anyAzraya doSathI grasta che. Do. ke. kuMjanI rAja 1 ja jaNAve che ke suvAva, kalAtmaka hastAkSaravALI hastapratamAM uttama pAThAntarA havA anivArya nathI. ja (3) prAcInatama hastapratane svIkArate sapradAya: (The earliest manuscript school ) -daTalAka pAkasaMpAdakoe je te pAThyaprathanI jUnAmAM jUnI hastapratane zodhavA upara bhAra mUkyo che ane temAMnA pAkane savIkAravAnI himAyata karI che. je mULa graMthakArathI bahu dUra nahIM evI-arthAta mULa praWkAranA najIkanA samayanI 14 hastaprata-maLI Ave to te atyaMta 5 Housmom, Classical Issociation Proceedings: 1921, XVIII, pp. 69-110. 6 It is obvious that clear, legible and beautiful hand writing need not mean that readings are best. K. Kunjunni Raja, "Textual Studies and Editorial Problems in Theory and practice" Annals of Oriental Research, Madras. 1976 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sarakRta-jyAnA sanada pAThamIkSAzAne pravRttivikalpa mahatvanI gaNAya che. kAraNa ke emAM mULa pAThamAM ochAmAM ochuM vicalana thayuM haze, temAMthI moTA bhAge maulika pATha maLavAnI AzA rAkhI zakAya. paraMtu je koI pAdhyamanthanI jUnAmAM jUnI gaNAtI hastapratane peLI kADhavAmAM Ave, paNa je pAchI te katinA mULa kartAnA samaya karatAM te dhaNI pAchaLanI ja heya. te AvI kahevAtI prAcInatama hastapratanuM mUlya bahu nA AMkI zakAya. athavA AvI hastaprata mAMnA pAkane bIjA purAvAonuM samarthana maLatuM hoya te ja tene vadhu zraddhaya gaNI zakAya. alabatta, A prAcIna gaNAtI hastapratanuM mUlya anya paravartIkALanI hastaprata-karatAM te thoDuMka vadhAre ja gaNAya emAM paNa kazI zakI nathI. A traNeya prakAranA sAdAmAM satyAMza-hA, satyAMza jahAvA chatAMya te prakamAM eka prakAranI maryAdA nihita hovAne kAraNe sarvathA anusaraNIva nathI. AnA vika, pAchaLanA samayanA yuropIya bhASAzAstrIoe je cAra tabakkA; 1. anusadhAna (Heuristics). 2. saMzodhana (Recensio). 3. saMskaraNa (Emendatio ) ane 4. uccatara samIkSA ( Higher Criticism)e vALI pAThasamIkSAnI paddhati vikasAvI che, te vadhu grAhya jaNAya che. praziSTa kRtinI samIkSita AvRtti teyAra karavA mATe praziSTa bhASAzAstrIoe (Classical philologist) caturvidha tabakakAevALI pADasamIkSAnI je prakriyA vikasAvI che, tene TrakamAM Ama samajAvI zakAya : (1) jemake, anusandhAna: ( Heuristics) jemAM caturvidha peTApravRttio karavAmAM Ave che. (1) judI judI saMsthAo ane yuni. e prakAzita karelA Descriptive Catalogue of sanskrit Manuscripts ( hastalikhita pratanI vivaraNAtmaka graMtha sUcio) tathA avAra lAibrerI, madrAsathI prakAzita thatAM New Catalogus CatalogorumnI madadathI je te pAdhyamathanI kaI kaI hastaprate kayAMthI kayAMthI upalabdha thAya che?--enI mAhitI ekaThI karI, e mAhitIne AdhAre prApya hastapratone-ke tenI pratikRtione-ekatrita karavI. (4) pAdhyamanyane lagatI sahAyaka sAmagrI ' (testimonia) paNa ekaThI karavI; (T) saMtulana-patrikA (Collation sheet)mAM prApta hastapratonA pADanuM saMtulana karavuM, ane. 7 A cAreya tabakakAonI vistRta carcA ame amArA "saMskRta pANaDulipio ane samakSita ; pAkasaMpAdana vijJAna " (sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra, amadAvAda, 1994) granthamAM karI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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vasa nakumA2 ma. bhaTTa vaMzavRkSa" (genealogical tree = Stemma Codicum ne (2) pAThyagranthanA vicArI kADhavuM. (2) Adarza prata"nA pAThanuM punaHsthApana ane vAcanAnuM nirdhAraNa (= saMzAdhana-Recensio) : je te pA kyagranthanI prApya tamAma hastapratonuM vargIkaraNa karIne, [ ane temanI vibhinna upavAcanAo ke rUpAMtaro (versions)ne tAravIne ] te vargIkRta hastapratonA samUhanA kAlagrasta " Adarza prata" (archetype )nA pAkanuM saMzodhana karavuM ( = kheLI kADha) ane tenuM puna : sthApana karavuM-e A bIjA tabakakAnuM mukhya kArya che. vaLI, pADayamanA upalabdha anekavidha rUpAMtare ne bAdhAre vividha "vAyanA" (resension )e nakakI karavI tathA te ekAdhika vAcanAomAMthI kaI zraddhava gaNavI ? tene nirNaya karavo paDe che. ( 3 ) granthakArane abhipreta evA pAThanuM punaHsthApana : (saMskaraNa : Emendation ). hastapratAmAM UtarI Avela hoya te, vadhu zreya vAcanAne pATha svIkArIne azuddha pAThAne asvIkAra karIne, mULa kanyakAre lakhe chevAnI saMbhAvanAvALA pAThane jarUra jaNAya tyAM saMkArIne paNa-puna : sthApita karavAnuM kArya A trIjA tabakake karavAmAM Ave che. ( 8 ) uccatara samIkSA : { Higher Criticism , A tabakakAmAM, mULa mathakAre upayogamAM lIdhelA (emanA purogAmI ) strotanuM pRthakkaraNa karIne, tene alaga tAravavAmAM Ave che,8 atyAra sudhInI carcAmAM ApaNo pAThesamIkSA karavA mATe je vividha vikalpa vicArAyA che tene paricaya keLavyo che. have, pratilipionI pratilipionI pratilipiomAM saMkramita thatA AvelA saMskRta pAThyapranthanI pATha samIkSA karavAne prazna Ubho thAya che tyAre, sauthI pahelAM e saMkramita thayelA dastAvejo amuka saMkhyAmAM upalabdha thavAnI saMbhAvanAne khyAla karIne kayA 8 The older school of classical Philologists distinguished four stages in the work of preparing a critical edition of a classical text: (i) Heuristics, i, e. essembling and arranging the entire meterial consisting of manuscripts and testimonia in the form of a genealogical tree; (ii) Recensio, i. e. : restoration of the text of the archetype, (iii) Emendation, i. e. restoration of the text of the author, finally, and (iv) Higher Criticism, i. e. Separation of the sources utilized by the author. -Sukthankar V. S., Op. Cit. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta-granthonA sandarbhe pAsamIkSAzAstrane pravRttavika saMjogomAM pAThasamIkSAne ke vikalpa vadhu samucita gaNAya-e vicAraNA hAtha dharavA jevI che. jema ke, saMkramita pAThyagranthanA dastAvejanI saMkhyAnuM vaividhya (g) je pAjyagranthanI koI je kRtinI kevaLa be je katanI traNa ke tethI eka ja hastalikhita haja hastalikhita adhika hastalikhita prate prata maLatI hoya mane maLatI hoya. maLatI hoya. (Codex unicus). T() r(2) T | (2) dA. ta. khetAna ane AnuvaMzika eka eka kRtine pATha svataMtra eka kRtane pATha gphanamathI maLela samAna pravAhamAM pravAhavALI hastapratomAM aneka pravAhonA zArIputra prakara"nA saMkramita thayele pATha saMkramita thaye hoya parasparamAM aMze -zAstragrantha -zArdula saMmizraNu thayA -nAnyadevanuM bharatabhASya -TIkA, TipaNa -rAmAyaNuM pachInI hastapratomAM sAhitya -mahAbhArata maLo pATha ( static text) (dynamic text) -dA. ta. paMcatatra misch codices (conflated mss ) uparyukta AlekhamAM darzAvyA mujabanI (), () ane () 1, () 2 ane (4) 3-e traNa saMbhAvanAvALI paristhitiomAM kevI kevI paddhati athavA to dachiMkaNathI pAThasamIkSA hAtha dharAya che enI carcA TUMkamAM atre prastuta karavI Avazyaka che. :-- ( ) je pAThayaprantha (arthAta kRti)nI koI eka ja hastalikhita prata maLatI hoya tenI pAThasamIkSA hAtha dharanAre 1, " saMtulanapatrikA' banAvavAnuM ke temAMthI te hastapratanuM 'vaMzavRkSa' vicAravAnuM rahetuM nathI. 2. tathA anya hastapratonI gerahAjarImAM, tevI kRtinA pAThamAM pAThAntare paNa maLavAnI saMbhAvanA rahetI nathI. AthI pAThasaMpAdakane mATe * aneka pAThArAmAMthI kaye sAce haze, ka ka pATha mULapranthakAre lakhyuM haze ? " evI kaI vicAraNA karavAne avakAza rahetA nathI. 3. eka ja hastapratamAM jaLavAyelI kRtinuM pAThasaMpAdana karanAre sauthI pahelAM te bhASAnI dRSTie dudha nahIM te, arthAt vyAkaraNanA doSothI mukta e pATha rajU karI ApavAnuM hoya che. je bahu muzkelI vinA, ke bahu parivartana karyA vinA dUSita thayelA mULa pAThane anumAnI zakAtuM hoya tema pAThanuM sthApana karavuM joIe; ane hastapratamAM vAMcavA maLatA dUSita pADyAMzane pAdaTIpamAM dhUta karave joIe. 4. paraMtu hastapratamAM maLane pAyAMza bahu ja bhraSTa thayela hoya, ane anumAnathI teTalA aMzane pAThane nizcitapaNe vicArI kADhave zakaya nA hoya te tevA nirarthaka jaNAtA zabdone paNa pAdaTIpamAM nedhavA jarUrI For Private and Personal Use Only

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vanakumAra ma. bhaTTa che. 5, je te eka ja hastapratane koI aMza khaMDita thayo hoya ke amuka akSaro pANImAM dhovAI gayA hoya ane teTalA aMzanuM punargaThana karavuM azakya lAgatuM hoya te tene...tUTaka bindu rekhAthI darzAvIne, te khaMDita pAThane yathAvat prakAzita karavo joI e; tathA te khaMDita aMza mATe saMpAdaka dvArA " sUcita pAkyAMzane pAdaTIpamAM darzAva joI e. - je kRtine likhita dastAveja eka ja hastapratamAM jaLavAI rahyo hoya-upalabdha thaze hoya tenI pAThasamIkSA daramyAna saMpAdaka dvArA kyAM to udAratAvAdI ke kayAM te rUDhivAdI dRSTikoNathI pATha saMpAdana hAtha dharAtuM hoya che. A sandarbhe, DaoN. esa. ema. kasAheba kahe che ke AvI ekalI aTUlI hastalikhita pratanI adhikRta vAcanA taiyAra karatI vakhate tenA akSare akSaranuM atyaMta kALajIpUrvaka nirUpaNa karavuM moIe ane tenA gUDha-phUTa sthaLane baMdha besADIne vAMcI zakAya ema ukelI batAvavA jaI e. vaLI vulpha jaNAve che ke jyAre eka ja hastaprata maLatI hoya tyAre amuka akSara " ' haze ke " ' haze ? evuM oLakhI batAvavuM teTaluM ja pUratuM nathI, paNa amuka akSarane "' rUpe pheravo paDaze, ke amuka akSarane "gha'mAMthI ja rUpe vAMco paDaze-ema nakkI karI ApavuM; arthAta durbodha paMktine arthanI dRSTie ukelI-samajI-zakAya ema vAMcI ApavI te mahatvanuM che. 10 (4) je pAcamanthanI be ja hastaprato maLI AvatI hoya temAM prAya: be saMbhAvanAo vicAraNIya che. jema ke, 1. eka hastaprata mAM te kRtine ladhupATha jaLavA hAya, ane bIjI hastapratamAM te kRtine bRhatapATha vAMcavA maLato hoya. tevA saMjogomAM pAThasamIkSAne eka adhiniyama evo che ke-"bRhat ane alaMkRta pAThanI apekSAe sAde ane ladhupAI ne hoya che." (Textus simplicior is earlier than the textus ornation.) 2. athavA prApta thatI be (ja) hastapratemAM vyaktigata lahiyAonI bhUlane bAda karatAM, bIjI bAbatamAM prAyaH sAmya ja hoya to evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke eka hastapratamAMthI bIjI hastaprata UtarI AvI haze. AvI ekamAMthI bIjA utArA rU5 (DaTTo kopI 25) hastamatamAMnI koI ekanI upekSA karI zakAya. alabata, tUTaka ke aA aMze uddhAra karavA mATe bIjI hastaprata madada rUpa thatI hoya che. | (m)-1 : je kRtinI traNa ke tethI vadhAre hastapratA maLatI hoya ane te tamAma hastapratomAM saMkramita thayele pATha ekarUpa che ema jaNAtuM heya-arthAt AnuvaMzika rIte eka samAna pravAhamAM e kRtine pATha saMkramita thato rahyo che ema jaNAtuM hoya tevA pAThane 9 Now when the transmission rests only on one extant manuscript (codex unicus ), the critical recension is regarded as the most accurate depiction and decipherment of this solitary witness. Katre S, M., Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism, Poona, 1954, p. 37. 10 Wolf Says, a recensio and not a mere recognitio that is required, Ibid, p. 36. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta-yanthrAnA sandarbhe pAThasamIkSAzAstranA pravRttivi sthira-ekarUpa pATha ( static text) kavAya che. zAstrIya prathA ane TIkA-TippaNuM rUpa sAhityanI hastalikhita pratamAM prAyaH A prakAranA pAka jevA maLI zake che. AvA sthAnI pAsenIkSA mATe upayukta anusaMdhAna sAdhana, saMskaraNa ane uccattara samIkSA-evA pAra taLAvALI prakriyA daza gaNI zakAya; jaine AdhAre mULa candhakArane abhipreta DAya evA pAkanuM rIdhana karIne pratiSThAna thaI zake che 11 Sukthankar, V. S, Op. Cit. svA 6 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ( 6 )-2 : kRtino pATha ekAdhika svatantra pravAhavALI aneka hastapratomAM sa kramina thayA hoya tevA granthAmAM abhijJAnazA( za )kuntala ane rAmAyaNu, mahAbhArata ke purANA Ave che. lokapriya kRtio jyAre zAkuntala vagere jevA nATaka svarUpe Aya tyAre tenI bhajavaNI praznaga temAM kApakUpa, umerA ke parivartana satata thatA rahyA hoya che. Aje upalabdha thatI zAkuntalanI hastapratonuM tulana karyA pachI, emAMthI upasI AvatA vazakSanA ane vAcanAonA vicAra karIe. te. echAmAM ochI pAMca vAcanA jovA maLe che; 1 baMgALI. 2 dAkSiNAtya 3 kAzmIrI, 4 maithilI ane 5 devanAgarI vAcanA. e ja pramANe, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata jeya dhAma ka ItihAsa mantha ane purAvAmAM aneka propA vagere thatA rahyA che. AthI A upalabdha thatA te te kRtinA pATha anekavidha jovA maLe che. Ane dynamic texts kahe che. A sadarbhe, mApha. vI. sa, sAyakarasAhebanuM kahevuM che. Ours is a problem of textunl dynamics, rather than in textual statics mAMthI AvI kRtionI pATha satata vikasanA ane parivartita thatA rahyo che, tathI cAra tabakkAvALI pAsamIkSAthI 'mULapATha ' kayA haze ? ane nirNaya thaI zake ema ja nathI. A sogAmAM badhI ja vAcanA-dhADapara pAonuM pratinidhitva jaLavAya ema sAragrAhI STikoNathI ( Eclactic principles upara) pAsapAna karavuM joIe ema zrI sUkathakara sAhaeNba kahe che. AvI kRtionA pAsa'pAdana mATe pUrvokta caturvidha taLakA vALA pAkSamIkSA sarvAMze lAgu pADI zakAya ema nathI. zrI sukatha'karjInA ja zabdo joie te-Excellent as this method is for the purpose for which it is devised,... but it can be applied to the Mahabharati, with great limitations. mahAbhAratanA TIkAkAra nIlakaMDa jevI rIte guNApasaMhAra nyAyathI vyAkhyA lakhe che ( bhASyakArAdibhirvyAkhyAtAn saMpratitanapustakeSu ca sthitAn pAThAn lokA~ca guNopasaMhAramyAyena ekIkRtya vyAkhyAyate / ) tevI rIte bhADArakara rIsarca insTITayuTa, pUnAe taiyAra karelI sakSita AvRttimAM mAbhAratanI dareka vAcanA ane rUpAMtarAne dhyAnamAM levAyA che; tathA te darekanI prAmANikatA cakAsIne tenI * samIkSaNIya sAmagrI 'mAM tAMdha levAI che. taduparAMta dareka vacanAmAM pracalita DrAya evA tamAma pADAnAMne pAdaTIpamAM rajU karAyAM che. ane lAMbA kSepone pariASTromAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvyAM che. pravartamAna pAnAnA sama bAbate AvI samIkSita tti eka prakAranI thesaurus banI rahela che!) AvI samAIkSata AvRtti vAcakanI samakSa sauthI prathamavAra mahAbhAratanI vidyamAna namAma hastalikhita pratAnA. noMdhapAtra pAsAne eka ja sthaLa ( eka ja For Private and Personal Use Only 15

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vasatakumAra ma. bhaTTa pRSTha upara ) raja kare che. 12 vaLI, upalabdha-chapAyelI AvRttiomAM je luptAMza haze te darekane paNa rajU kare che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe -mahAbhAratanI pAThasamIkSAno A puruSArtha mULa granthakAra vyAsane abhipreta hoya evA pAThanI zodha karavI "--te nathI; ane te zakya paNa nathI, paraMtu samagra bhAratavarSanI vidyamAna tamAma judI judI hastapratomAM ke ka pATha saMkrAM mata thate Avyo che ?'' tene pasaMhAra nyAyathI (Eclectic principles upara ) ekatra saMgraha rajU karavA mATe A puruSArtha che. (T)-3H je kRtine pATha aneka pravAhInA paraspara saMmizraNa thayA pachInI anekAneka hastapratamAM utarI Avyo hoya, dA. ta. paMcata-; temanI pAThasamIkSA karanAre kAlapravAhamAM bane eTalA prAcInatara pAThanI eSaNA karavI paDe che; ane temAM mULa Adarza pratanA pATha sudhI, pAche pagale cAlIne pahoMcavAne puruSArtha Adaravo paDe che. AvA pra bAbate pUrvokta cAra tabakkavALI pAThasamIkSAno puraskAra karavo vadhu prazaMsanIya che. Ama pAThyagranthanI upalabdha thatI hastalikhita pratanI saMkhyAnA vaividhyathI zarU karIne, saMtulana patrikA tathA vaMzavRkSanI uddabhAvanAthI pAThanA saMkramaNane, temanA pravAhane je rIte citAra khaDe thAya tadanusAra AlecanAtmaka pAThasaMpAdana kayAre karavuM, kyAre prAcInatama hastalakhita pratane vajana ApavuM, kayAre moTA bhAganI hastalikhita prate zuM kahe che te tarapha dhyAna ApavuM, kyAre anusandhAna, saMzodhana saMsakaraNa ane uccatara samIkSA jevA caturvidha tabakkAovALI pAThasamIkSA hAtha dharavI, athavA kayAre te prakriyAmAMthI cIlo cAtarIne guNo pasaMhAra nyAyathI sAragrAhI daSTikoNathI pATha saMpAdana hAtha dharavuM vagerene nirNaya karavAne rahe che. TUMkamAM kayA prakAranI kRtine mATe kevI paddhatine anusarIne pATha- saMpAdana karavuM, pATha samIkSA zAstrane pravartAvavA mATe upayukta vikamAMthI kaye zreSTha puravAra thaze te vize kazIka nizcitatA hovI jarUrI jaNAya che. 12 A critical edition of the Mahabharata in the preparation of which all important versions of the Great Epic shall have been taken into consideration, and all important manuscripts collated, estimated and turned to account. Since all divergent reading of any importance will be given in the critical notes, printed at the foot of the page, this edition will, for the first time, render it possible for the reader to have before him the entire significant manuscript evidence for each individual passage.--Sukthankar V. S., Op. Cit. p. IV. For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjya-saMbaMdha aMge zrI araviMda harasiddha joSI* zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra vyakti e kevaLa zArIrika saMgaThThana nathI ke jaTila acetana zakti nathI paraMtu e AdhyAmika AtmA che. e AdhyAtmika, parA5ra temaja sarva dezI satatatvanI abhivyakti che. vizvamAM je utkrAMtine prAdurbhAva thaI rahyo che teno mULabhUta hetu manuSyane tenA vibhAjita, ahamalakSI ajJAnamAMthI temaja acine dabANamAMthI mukti, ApavAne che. vyakti e divya AtmA che ane AdhyAtmika svataMtratA temaja amaratA prApta karavI e tenuM dhyeya che. pArthiva jagatanuM AdhyAtmika svarUpa ane brahmatatvanI AMtarika ekatA sAkAra karavA e manuSyanuM bhAvi che. kevaLa indriyajanya ane sukhalakSI jIvana gALavuM ka bhautika AtamasaMtoSa meLava, prANalakSI (Vital) IcchAone prApta karavI emAM tenuM jIvana samApta thatuM nathI. tamImAMsAnA daSTikoNathI jotAM manuSyanuM bAMtimaya ane kSaNajIvI astitva zArIrika kSayanI anivAryatA dvArA darzAvAya che. paraMtu e satavanuM kevaLa AbhAsalakSI pAsuM che. vAstavamAM manuSyanuM AmaMtava zAzvata ane AdhyAtmika che, ane tenuM AkharI ceya vijJAnalakSI (Gnostic) cetanAne sAkSAtkAra karavAnuM che. tenuM nirdhAraNa ane saMcAlana AtmajAgRti ane sarvadezI jAgRtinI ekatA che. e darzAve che ke manuSya vaizvika cetanA prApta karavAnI che. vyaktilakSI satatatvanI divyatA ane tenI zreSThatA prAcIna rahasyamaya saMskRtiomAM jovA maLe che. bhArata, ijipta, prIsa ane cIna jevI prAcIna saMskRtiomAM rahasyamaya (Mystery) dharmomAM joI zakAya che. Atma-jJAna dvArA mukti ane amaratA prApta thAya che ema A abhImA darzAve che. " manuSyanA AdhyAtmika khyAla: >> zrI aravida vyaktilakSI AtmAnuM bhautika ane samAjazAstrIya spaSTIkaraNa svIkAratA nathI. bhautikavAdIo vyaktimatvane jaDatattva ke zaktinA upapattimaya vikAsa tarIke lekhe che. keTalAka samAjazAstrIo ane samAjalakSI mane vaijJAniko vyaktine samAjanA jIvakoSa (Cell); tarIke vicAre che. paraMtu zrI araviMda kahe che ke A vaijJAniko samAjanI upara chalI bAjane oLakhe che. manuSyamAM je viziSTa vyaktitva ane AgavI vyaktimattA rahyA che tene vikAsa prakRtinA nizcita Ayojanane saMketa che. zrI araviMdanA ciMtananuM viziSTa lakSaNa e che ke temAM ema kahevAyuM che ke prakRti svayaM "yoga kare che ane vikAsa karavA tatpara che. manuSya nai che "svAdhyAya', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, 5. 147-164. * kulapati, saurASTra vizvavidyAlaya, kulapati nivAsa, kAlAvaDa roDa, rAjakoTa-360 005 For Private and Personal Use Only

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148 harasiddha joSI te paNa prakati vikAsa ane pragati karavA Atura che. tenuM Ayojana darzAve che ke prakRtinuM sabhAnatattva utkrAMtine AdhIna che. e sAcuM che ke vyaktimattAmAM je pragaTa thAya che ane pachIthI je gatizIla bane che e sArvatrika manatattvamAM rahyuM che ane vyakti e A pragaTIkaraNanuM kevaLa sAdhana che. IzvaranI aitisika zaktinuM vyakti e anivArya sAdhana che. ane temAM utkrAMtilakSI tathA AdhyAtmika mUlya rahyuM che. sAmAjika ane ahamalakSI ekame AvI AdhyAtimaka zaktinA AvirbhAvanA kSetra che. manuSyanuM bhAvi divyatA ane AdhyAtmikatAnA tatvane prApta karavAnuM che. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra mAnavajIvananuM dhyeya "ramaitya puruSa ne vividha pravRtti ane kAryanAM pAsAMomAM vyakta karavAnuM che. zrI araviMdanuM A dRSTibiMdu hegala jevA sarvadezIlakSI vicArakathI judu paDI jAya che. zrI araviMda kahe che ke vyakti sAmAjika samUhamAM samAI jatI nathI paraMtu tenA sAmAjika ane vaizvika jIvanamAM tenuM AgavuM vyakitatva jaLavAI rahe che. zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke kuTuMba, samUha ane jAti e sAmuhika jIvana prANalakSI AdhAra para rahyA che. kuTuMba e vyApaka prANalakSI ahama che ane e evuM sendriya ekama (Organism) che je vyaktine lAgaNIzIla ane sAmAjika javAbadArIothI vyasta banAve che. e jIva ta ekamanA spardhAyukta ane sahakAralakSI samUhanA sabhya tarIke vyaktine caritArtha kare che. amuka aMze prANIomAM paNa lAgaNI ane samUhari rahyA che ane temAM najadIkatAne jhAkhe khyAla rahyo che. kuTuMbane prAcIna khyAla A samUhabhAvanAmAM ane samIpatAmAM rahyo che. alabatta, mahadaaMze kuTuMbamAM puruSanI pradhAnatA rahetI hatI. kuLa ane jAtimAM koI eka vyakitane sAmAnya rIte prabhAva raheto hate. jema uccakakSAnA prANIomAM TALAne doranAro koI AgevAna hatuM tema kuLa ane jatimAM hatuM. sAmAjika ekamanA prAthamika AdhAra tarIke A kuLa ane jAti rahyA che. AvA ekamamAM jyAre vAra, vyavasAya ane kartavyanI bhAvane dAkhala thayA tyAre kuTuMbanI saMsthAne prAdurbhAva thayo. jema kuTuMbane prANalakSI AdhAra rahyo che tema samAjane paNa prANalakSI AdhAra che. prANalakSI jarUriyAto, abhiruci, hita, svAthI dAvo ane sukhanI bhAvanA ityAdinA sAmuhika saMtoSa mATe kuTuMba ane samAja sagavaDa karI Ape che. AyusIenanA matAnusAra samAja ane rAjya manuSyanA sabhAna ane AzayalakSI sajana nathI, paraMtu jIvana ane maMDaLa mATenI jaivika eSaNAmAMthI utpanna thayA che. raziyAnA samAjazAstrI neviko mAne che ke " samAja eTale prANalakSI saMbaMdhane mUrtimaMta karavA vyaktine ekabIjA sAthe najIkamAM lAvavAnI prakriyA che." A darzAve che ke samAja e hetulakSI Ayojana che. jo ke zrI araviMda samAjane prANalakSo AdhAra vyakta kare che tema chatAM sAmuhitA e divyatAnI racanA che ane tene AtmA che ema e tAvika daSTie mAne che. je samAjane zArIrika AdhAra e AtmalakSI zakti che. e kevaLa vastulakSI astitva nathI. tenA AMtarika AtmAmAM sAmUhikatA rahI che ane svalakSI jIvananA bhayasthAno paNa temAM rahyA che."1 samAjanuM vibhAvanAyukta pRthakakaraNa samajAvavA mATe zrI araviMda sendriya tattavanI 1 zrI araviMda: dha hyumana sAIkala vo. 9, zrI araviMda ITaranezanala senTara opha ejyukezana kalekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, poMdirI, pA. 40-41. For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjya-saMbadha ane zrI araviMda ( Organic ) sAmyatAne upayoga kare che, " jema vyaktine zarIra ane jIvana ApyA che tema rASTra ane samAjane netika ane saudaryalakSI svabhAva che. samAjanI vividha zaktio pAcha vikAsazIla mana ane AtmA che. " zrI araviMda samAjanA be bhAga darzAve che. eka bhAgamAM nasargaka sendriyakSudhA ane vAsanAnA aMze rahyA che. bIjI tarapha tArkika ane bauddhika mAnavasaMbaMdha rahyA che. sendriya samAja, sahajavRtti ke sAmUhika jIvananI preraNA dvArA sAmAjika AMtarakriyAo thayA kare che. bauddhika rIte Ayojita tArkika saMgaThThana dvArA je kArya mAM mAM thAya che e maryAdita vartuLamAM prasAra pAme che. " jAti dharma' ane ' kuLa dharma' je bhAratamAM avazeSa tarIke rahyA che e janA naisargika ke sendraya samAjanA jIvatA rahelA pratinidhi che. jUnA paraMparAgata samAjamAM lokonI cAlacalagata ane jIvanane saMcAlita karanAra e "rAjya ' nahotuM paraMtu jUtha-AtmA hatuM. tene amerikana samAjazAstrI sumane lokAcAra (Folkway) ane dhera (Mores) kahe che. tene potAnI AtmasaMcAlananI vikasita paripATI hoya che. zAsako AvA samAjamAM sarjako nahetA, paraMtu jUtha-AtmA dvArA racAtA rUDhagata saMsthAnA kevaLa sAdhane hatA. A saMdarbhamAM zrI araviMda amuka viziSTa saMsthAone ulekha kare che, jema ke bhAratIya paMcAyata, ethensanI " jyurI" vyavasthA ane rAmanI " komITIAsa'-A dvArA naisagika sendriya samAja dhArAkIya vahIvaTa saMcAlita karate hato. A saMsthAonA asarakAraka zAsana dvArA vyaktinuM mUlya dhaTI gayuM hatuM ane samAjanuM varcasva vadhyuM hatuM. ema jaNAya che ke vyaktinA prAdhAnyane khyAla pachIthI dhIme dhIme ubhA hatA. samAja e sendriya ekrama che e khyAla ravindranAtha TAgora ane bipInacaMdra pAlanA sAmAjika lakhANomAM paNa joI zakAya che. samAja e sendriya ekama che ane tenA bhAga tarIke ApaNI vyaktilakSI abhilASAo rahI che."* pAla kahe che ke " samAja e sendriya samaSTi che. temAM nirbaLa ane prabaLa, taMdurasta ane rogiSTha, nAnI ane ajJAnI, tavaMgara ane garIba, sArA ane narasA e sAmAnya samaSTinA sendriya bhAga che. samAjane sendriya khyAla e leTe (427 I. sa. pUrve-348) ane saMta pilanA lakhANamAM joI zakAya che. Adhunika samayamAM koTa, spensara, lIlIenaphilDa ane pengalaranA lakhANamAM joI zakAya che. zrI araviMda tattvaciMtakanI daSTie vyakitanuM apArthiva muya darzAve che. tethI A sendriya khyAlane upayoga vadhu karatA nathI. paraMtu samAja e bina-yAMtrika che e darzAvavA tene nirdeza 2 zrI araviMda: sezyala enDa poliTIkala theTa . 15, zrI araviMda bartha senTInarI lAIbrerI ( esa e bI ela ), zrI araviMda Azrama, padicerI, pA. 159. 3 zrI araviMda: AIDIala opha hyumana yuniTI . 9, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara apha ejyukezana kalekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, poMdiyerI, 1912, pA. 581-582. 4 TAgora ravindranAtha : " sAdhanA', mekamIlana enDa kuM. lipIyara, kalakattA, IDIana eDIzana, 1920, pA. 63, 5 pAla bipInacaMdra: nezanAliTI enDa empAyara, graMtha vaMdemAtaram enDa InDIana nezanAlIjhama (1906-1908 -haridAsa mukharajI enDa umA mukharajI, ke. ela. mukhopAdhyAya, kalakattA-12, 1857, pA. 25 For Private and Personal Use Only

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150 . . ' hasiddha jethI kare che. samAjanuM tAkika svarUpa e jyAre rAjAzAhInI vyavasthAne AraMbha thAya che temaja sAnako ane prajAkIya zAsakonI nimaNuMka thAya che. evI AryajAtinI sabhAomAM sAmAjika vikAsane noMdhapAtra Atma-sabhAna tabakko jovA maLe che. lokazAhI ane samAjavAda e sAmAjika vikAsanA vadhu Atma-sabhAna tabakakAmAM che. zrI araviMdanA mata mujaba e tArkika vikAsane nirdeza kare che. TI. eca. jhonanA matAnusAra rAjakIya samAja e AtmasabhAnatAne pUrNa vikAsa darzAve che. prajAkIya jIvananI saMsthAo tarka ane saMkalpanI zaktione mUtimaMtapaNe abhivyakta kare che. alabatta, zrI araviMdanA mata mujaba ramaitanyane AvirbhAva e tenA pUrNa vikAsanI Avirbhata saMjJA che. rAjakIya pAna e temanuM nimnavartI sipAna che. prAcIna ane arvAcIna samAjamAM tenA kAryonA prakAre vividhalakSI che tene nirdeza zrI araviMda kare che. udAharaNa tarIke prAcIna helenIka ane romana samAja mAM jIvananA tArkika, naitika ane saudaryalakSI pAsA para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo hato. grIsa dvArA yuropane tenI ucca kalA ane bhavya tAkika ciMtana ApavAmAM AvyA hatA. roma mArA kAyado ane dhArAkIya saMhitAnI bauddhika vyavasthA ApavAmAM AvI hatI. eziyA dvArA alabatta bauddhika ane naitika pAsAo para bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo hato paraMtu tene mukhya dRSTikoNa AdhyAmika hato. bIjI tarapha Adhunika samAja mukhya rAjakIya ane Arthika che. tene puruSArtha upayogitAlakSI ane mAnavatAlakSI che. vijJAnavAda, nAsiktA, dharmanirapekSatA ane buddhivAdane lIdhe dhArmika ane vaizvika daSTikoNe kSaya pAmyA che. pheDarIka zilara kahe che ke jagatanA sAmAnya Atmatatvane hRAsa thaye che ema kahI zakAya. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra vyakti e svayaM AtmA che ane divya tatvane paripUrNa karavA pRthvI para tenuM kArya nizcita thayuM che. e rIte samUhatattva paNa anaMtatattvanuM AtmasvarUpa che ane temAM paNa sAmUhika AtmA rahyo che. rASTra ke samAja ke sahakArI sendriya samuhatatva e Atmatatva che. samAja svayaM e jatha-AtmA, manane vizeSa prakAra ane tenA vicArone vikasita tema ja saMcAlita kare che, tenI saMsthAone tema ja vRttione e AkAra Ape che. oTo giraka ane epha. Dabalyu. meITalenDa jUthanA khyAlanI AdhyAtmiktA vize paricaya Ape che. emAIla darakhAIma (1858-1917) ema mAne che ke samAjamAM jUtha e kevaLa vyaktione samUha nathI. paraMtu svayaM eka viziSTa sattA che. madhyayuga daramyAna sAmAjika ane rAjakIya jIvanamAM juthanuM bhAre varcasva hatuM. ane aitihAsika rIte tenI racanAne samarthana maLatuM hatuM. Adhunika samAjazAstrIoe jUtha ane samUhanA mahatvane samarthana ApavA dalIla rajU karI che. avakAzanI daSTie tene vistAra rahyo che. samayanI daSTie te vadhu vyApaka che. zArIrika astitvamAM tenI laMbAI rahI che. sAmAjika vArasAne eka prajamAMthI bIjI prajAmAM tene vinimaya kare che ane saMgrAhaka tattva tarIke te rahe che. zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke prakRtine vikAsa e vyaktine pUrNatA ApavAnuM che. egya samAjamAM AvI vyakti pUrNa bane e jevAnI pratitava kALajI le che. sarvavyApakapaNu tarapha pragati thAya temAM samAja eka tabakkA tarIke rahe che. samAjanA badhA sabhyone yogya vikAsa thAya e mATenI yogya zarato pUrI pADavAmAM Ave tenI gya kALajI levAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjya-saMbaMdha aMge zrI araviMda zrI araviMda vyaktinA ane vyaktigata ekamanA pUrNatva para vizeSa dhyAna Ape che, ane vyakti dvArA samAjanI pUrNatA mUrtimaMta thAya e mATe hetupUrvaka Ayojana kare che. osTrIAnA arthazAstrI thanAra spAna kahe che ke samAja e AdhyAtmika tattva che ane akhilatattva tarIke e kArya kare che. samAjanI vastulakSitA tenA aneka vibhAgomAM akhilatattvanI prakriyA dvArA saghanapaNe kArya kare che. vijJAna, kaLA, tattvajJAna ane dharma dvArA sAmAjika vyavasthA vadhu mUrtimaMta thAya che. zrI araviMda ema vicAre che ke vyakti ane samAja e divya sattAnA AvirbhAva che. tethI temanA theya ane vyavahAramAM kaI virodha na hai vo joIe. prANalakSI, ahalakSI ane svAthI vyaktilakSitAne khyAla e atizaktibharyo ane ekapakSI che. samAjanI sAmUhikatA ane sAmAjika AtmAne dAvo e vadhu paDate che emAM samatulA jALavavI, saMvAditA ane samanvaya sAdhavA mATe sAmAjika vikAsane Adarza niyama ekkasa meLavavA jaI e. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra A pUrNa vyaktimatvane niyama che. zrI araviMda ane TAgora sendriya sAmUhikatAne vadhu mUlyavAna lekhe che. zrI aravida sAmAnya rIte pAzcAtya samAjalakSI khyAlane AvakAratA nathI. e kahe che ke samAjane AtmA che ane te sendriya ekama che. vyakti e AdhyAtmika AtmA che pAzcAtya rAjakIya AdarzavAdamAM leTa, hegala, breDalI ane bosAMkaTanA vicAromAM sAmuM hekatA para vizeSa bhAra mUkavAmAM Avyo che. AdarzavAda ane zrI araviMda pazcimanA AdarzavAdI ciMtako eka tarapha ema vicAre che ke vyaktinI Atma-cetanA e zAzvata cetanAne aMza che. paraMtu bIjI tarapha vyaktine UtaratI samajavAmAM Ave che. vyakti e AdhyAtmika Atmatattva che e bAbatanI noMdha levAmAM AvI nathI. epha. eca. breDalI vyaktine amUrta thAta tarIke samajatA nathI. vyakti e samAja sivAya anya kazuM nathI. manuSya aMge je khristI dharmane khyAla che ke e izvaranI pratimAmAM batAvavAmAM Avyo che. tenI pazcamanI sAMskRtika vyavasthAmAM vizeSa mahattva AMkavAmAM AvyuM nathI. khristI vArasA karatA grIka vArasAne pAzcatya jagatanA loko potAnA sAmAjika ane rAjakIya vicAramAM vadhu mUlyavAna lekhe che. tethI TAgora ane zrI araviMdanA khyAlamAM sAmAjika samagratA ane vyaktinI lAkSaNikatAne AdhyAtmika sendriya ekamane khyAla mahatvane jaNAya che. pAzcAtya jagatamAM sAmAjika saMsthAone kendriya mahatva ApavAmAM Ave che. A uparAMta pAthatya rAjakIya AdarzavAdamAM samAjanI sAthe anukulana sAdhavuM mahatvanuM lekhavAmAM Ave che. tyAre zrI araviMdanA citanamAM vyakti ane samAja vacce pArasparika AMtara kriyAne mahatvanI lekhAya che. zrI araviMda samUhatattvanA AdhyAtmika khyAlane rajU kare che. Adhunika pAzcAtya samAjazAstramAM samUha ane samAja vacce bheda darzAvavAmAM Ave che. sara henarI meIna kahe che ke prAcIna jagatanuM sAmAjika mALakhuM (Structure ) darajAnA khyAlathI saMcAlita thatuM hatuM. tyAre Adhunika jagatamAM e mALakhuM karAra dvArA saMcAlita thAya che. TonIjha paNa Avo bheda darzAve che ane kahe che ke samUhane pradhAnavartI khyAla kriyAzIla ane mane vaijJAnika che. tyAre samAjane pradhAnavarsI khyAla dhArAkIya ane saMsthAlakSI che. DarakhAIma ema kahe che ke prAcIna jagatamAM bhautika tAvane mahatva ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. tyAre Adhunika For Private and Personal Use Only

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152 harasiddha nathI. jagatamAM sendriya ekamane vadhu mahatva apAya che. maeNkasa OMlara ( 1864-1920) kartavyanA traNa prakAro vacce bheda darzAve che ane A traNa prakArAne anusarIne sAmAjika mALakhAnA trA badhAro judAM paDe che tenA ullekha kare che. prathama, paraMparAgata mALakhuM che. tene samUha kahevAya che. bIjuM, lAgaNIparaka mALakhuM che. tene anusarIne mAphaLa rahyuM che. ane trIjuM tarka ane apiraka mALakhuM che. tene anusarIne samAja rahyo che. A bhedanuM mukhya kAraNu e Adhunika samavamAM audyogika mUDIvAda, takanIkI vidyA, dhArAkIya kAyadAo ane vahIvaTI amaladArazAhInA noMdhapAtra vikAsa che. sAmAjika sabaMdhomAM je lAgaNI, vizvAsa ane sanmAna rahevA joka e ane AtmIya bhAvanA upasthita thavI joie, tenI jagyAe eka prakAranI nirvacaktika vastulakSI dhArAkIya vyavasthA ane sAmAjika karAronA uddbhava thayA che. prAcIna jagatanA je bhAvanAtmaka budhano hato. te Adhunika vizALa samAjamAM nAza pAmyA che. kAMI araviMda A bheda vize sabhAna che, paraMtu temaNe prAcIna ane arvAcIna samAja vacce mukhya bheda darzAvyA che. ane jaguAvyuM che ke prAcIna samAja e sendriya ane naisargika svarUpanA hatA tyAre Adhunika samAja e tAka ka che. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra tArkika sa`gaTTuna, AyeAjana ane sabhAna vyavasthA e Adhunika sAmAjika mALakhAnAM lakSa che. luDavI sTAinanA matAnusAra samuha e vRttilakSI utpAtta che. temAM paraMparAgata sAmAjika badhA che. AMtarika samIpatAnA sagapaNu che, tyAre bIjI tarapha samAjamAM maMDaLa, samUha ane sagapaNu uparAMta AzayalakSI ane sabhAna sahakAra hoya che. zrI bhAvadanI jema girIjha Nu sahajavRttilakSI ane nakalamAM samAja vacce bheda darzAve che. zrI arihaMdu ema mAne che ke vyakti ane mAnavati vacce madhyapada tarIke samUha rahe che. ' bhAratIya matAnusAra samUha e brahmAnuM zarIra che ane prazna e brahmAnI prAbhulakSI samaSTi che. vyaktimAM brahmA e vyaSTi tarIke vase che. bhinna jIva e vyaktilakSI nArAyaNu che. rAjA e divyatattva ane samUhanI vyavasthAnA pratinidhi che. jema pazcimamAM madhyayugamAM khristIdharmamAM devaLano khyAla haze ane davA e Izu khristanuM zarIra che ema mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. ema bhAratamAM samUhane brahmAnuM zarIra mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. * vya chabana ' madhyamAM zrI ariva'da kahe che ke ' samUha ' e satatattvanI racanA che. manuSyanA AtmatattvatA virbhAva che. sAmUhika satatattvamAM svaya mAtmA, zakti ane satya hyA che. A uparAMna zrI ravi ema mAne che ke samUhane svayaM AtmA che ane e.. AtmatattvanA AviSa che. ItihAsanI bAkUcamAM pratyeka prajA mULabhUta Atmatattva ane prANatattvanI sakriya zakti che. ne prana majabUta ane pAlakSI hoya ane temanA khAtmA ane prAtattva vyApaka rIte vistAra pAmatA thAya che. temanA saskRti ane saMskAra ghaNA saikA sudhI ja rahe che. spensara paNa saMsthAMtanA AtmAno svIkAra kare che, ane tene pariNAme e vicAre che ke jaivika prAdhAnyanI racanAne lIdhe saMskRtimAM amuka samaye vicArAnI paDatI thAya che. zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke Atmatattva amara che, ane AdhyAtmika zaninI keLavaNI sAmUhika jIvananI vRddhi ane aitihAsika astitvanA vikAsa tarA rI jAya che. 6 zrI araviMda : lAIpha DIvAIna ve. 2, pArTa 2, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara k ejyukezana, zrI araviMda Azrama, pAMcirI, 1955, pA, 90991, For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjaya- saMbaMdha aMge zrI araviMda 153 sAmUhika astitvamAM vicAra svaye AtmAnA siddhAMtane AvirbhAva che ane samayanI daSTie mAnavajAtinA viziSTa vRga e vikAsa cakramAM AtmatatvanA viziSTa lakSaNene abhivyakta kare che. je prajAmAM zata hova, bAhya prANatattva, bhotika svarUpa, manovaijJAnika abhivyakti ane AmatatvanI kendriya zakitane vegya rIte rajU karI zake tema hoya te vividha rAjakIya ane sAmAjika paristhitiomAMthI AvI prajA ane saMskRti pasAra thaI zake che tene mahattama vikAsa thAya che. AvA AdhyAmika sakriyatAnA khyAlane lIdhe etihAsika daSTie zrI araviMdanuM rAjakIya ciMtana hegalanA rAjakIya ciMtanathI juduM paDI jAya che. hegala ema mAne che ke amuka viziSTa yu mAM amuka rASTra mUrtimaMtapaNe samagra jagatanA itihAsanuM pratinidhitva kare che. jo AvA rASTranI paDatI thAya te jANe ke variSTha vikAsanA siddhAMtanI niSedhakapaNe abhivyakta thatI hoya ema e vicAre che jyAre AvI paDatI dazA thavA pAme che tyAre koI no siddhAMta anya rASTrane laIne jagatanA nakazA para Ave che. tyAra bAda nirakSepa tattvanI najaramAM agAu paDatI pAmeluM rASTra mUlyaviheNuM thaI jAya che. Ama hegala rASTra prajA ane paramatatvane sAMkaLavA prayAsa kare che. rASTranI caDatI paDatI jagatanA ItihAsanA vaizvika mahattva ane paramatatvanI abhiruci para AdhArita che. rASTra potAnI svAyattatA kadAca gumAve evuM bane. zrI aravida ane hegala bane ema mAne che ke vaizvika gatimAM AvirbhAva ane pragaTIkaraNa bhAga bhajave che. paraMtu hegala judA paDe che ane ema mAne che ke bhinna rASTronI sakriya aitihAsika zaktinI khoTa paDe che. eka rASTra amuka yuganA AdhyAtmika kAryane paryApta rIte saMbhALI zake che. amuka samaya pachI eka rASTra bIjA rASTrane A kArya sApe che. bIje trIjAne Ape che ane Ama AmAnI abhivyakti samayaparakatA jALavIne karavAmAM Ave che. itihAsa A paripATI mujaba gata kare che. paraMtu zrI araviMda AmaparakatAnI vaizcaka ane aitihAsika zaktiomAM daDha rIte mAne che ane eka ja rASTra uttarottara pragati kare che. e kahe che ke kadAca evuM lAge ke samayatattva ke lekalAgaNIvALI prajAne nAza thAya che, tyAre AtmatattvanA baLa dvArA tenuM punarutthAna thAya che ane bhAratane bhavya itihAsa AvA lokonA jIvanathI sabhara che. vyakti ane samUha vacce saMbaMdhanI samasyA ane tenuM nirAkaraNa e saMdarbha mAM zrI araviMda ane pAzcAtya AdarzAlakSI rAjakIya vicArako vacce bheda joI zakAya che. jo ke zrI araviMda samUhatatvane brahmAnA zarIra tarIke ane satattvanI racanA tarIke vicAre che tema chatAM vyaktinA AdhyAtmika mUlya para hameza bhAra mUke che. prajA ane rAjyane naitika svarUpa vize je mIka khyAla che tene pAzcAtya rAjakIya vicAra para UMDo prabhAva paDyo che. jina jeka rUse (17121778)nA citanamAM samUhAtvanuM mahatva ane sAmAjika tema ja naitika sAdhaka tarIkenI tenI gaNanA e mIka asarane darzAve che. johAna phikta { 1762-1854) samUhatatvane divya ugamayukta lekhe che ane tethI vyaktine potAnI rIte vikAsa karavAne Agraha kare che. phista kahe che ke vyakti anya manuSyane pitAnA dvArA saje che. manuSya samUhatatva dvArA sAcA naitika sAdhaka banI zake che. - 7 zrI araviMda : dha spIrITa enDa phema opha InDIana piliTIH dha phAunDezansa oNpha IDIana kalcara, zrI araviMda Azrama, 1968, pA. 348-49, svA0 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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harasiddha jevI hegala tika jIvananA zAsana heThaLa samAja ane rAjapane vicAre che. samuhanA naitika svarUpamAM vyaktine nimnavarsI khyAla sAmela che. paraMtu zrI araviMda samUha karatAM vyaktine vadhu mahatva Ape che kAraNa ke vyakti e AtmAne AvirbhAva che eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu utkrAMtinI cAvI che. zrI araviMda kahe che ke " AtmA tarIke vyakti tenI mAnavajAtimAM maryAdita nathI. e manuSyathI paNa vadhu mahAna banI zake tema che. manuSya dvArA vizva abhivyakta thAya che tema chatAM manuSya vizvathI eka DagaluM AgaLa ja zakavA zaktimAna che. te ene oLaMgI jaI zake che. e rIte e samuhamAM maryAdita nathI. jo ke tene prANu ane tenuM mana sAmUhika mana ane prANunA bhAga che, emAM kaMIka evuM tatva che je AthI para jaI zake che. vyakti sAmUhika astitvano kevaLa jIvakoSa nathI ane samUhatamAMthI tene ja pADavAmAM Ave to tenuM astitva maTI jaze nahi. samUha ane jAta e samagra mAnavajAti ke jagata nathI. vyakti potAnA dvArA astitva dharAvI zake che ane mAnavajAtimAM tema ja jagatamAM rahI zake che."8 samUhanI pUrNatA vyaktinI pUrNatA dvArA ja zakaya bane che. vyakitanA AtmAnuM AdhyAtmika ane parAtpara mUlya ane e aMgene vedAMtane khyAla zrI araviMdanA ciMtanamAM agrima bhAga bhajave che. jo ke pAzcAtya AdarzavAdI ciMtako ane zrI araviMda e bAbatamAM saMmata thAya che ke sAmUhikatA e kevaLa nAma nathI paraMtu sendriya ekama che tema chatAM vyakti ane samUhatatva vaccenA saMbaMdhanA khyAlamAM zrI araviMda e badhAthI judA paDe che. jema zrI araviMda rASTranA AtmA ane rASTranA ahama vacce bheda pADe che ema samUhanA AtmA ane ahama vacce paNa bhinnatA rahI che ema e darzAve che. zrI araviMda kahe che ke ahama e rautya puruSanuM (Psychic Being) bAhya ane juThuM sthAnApanna che. e bheda bhinnatA ane maryAdAnI zakti che. e AtmacetanA ane AtmapratItinA uparachallA svarUpanuM nimnavatI sAdhana che. jayAre adhamananI zaktinuM avataraNa thAya che tyAre ahama tattva nAza pAme che. paraMtu jema ahama vyaktinA stara para kriyAzIla che tema e rASTra ane samUhanA stara para paNa kriyAzIla rahI zake che. je prANalakSI cetanA AtmasaMtuSTa che e sAmUhika ahama ne UMce caDAve che ane e rASTra ke jAtine AtmA hAya ema bele che. ApaNe A jarmanInA rASTravAdamAM ane noDika jAtinA sAmUhika ahama nA sAMpradAyika vicAramAM tenA udAharaNa tarIke joIe chIe. e vikata rAjakIya vicAradhArA hatI. e koI sAmUhika tattvane AmAM nathI. paraMtu e acetanamAMthI uDatuM prANalakSI baLa che jo buddhi tene mArgadarzana ApavAnI nA pADe te AsurI baLa dvArA tene anumodana maLe che ane e jAti mATe bhayajanaka che. A vadhu paDatuM vistRta ahamatattva che. e AdhyAtmika vikAsa mATe khataranAka che. Avo ahama AMtarika vigraha ane yuddha tarapha dezane dorI jAya che. tene vikAsa bInasaMvAditA, yuddhakhora mAnasa tarapha dezane laI jAya che. e rASTrIya ahama jeTalo ja duSita che. tethI sAmUhika ahama nI jagyAe zrI araviMda kahe che ke sAmUhika AtmAne vikAsa thavo joIe. 8 zrI araviMda : lAIpha DIvAIna . 2, pArTa 2, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara opha ejyukezana, zrI araviMda Azrama, padicerI, 1955, pA. 1005-1901, For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjya-saMbadha ane zrI araviMda 155 samAja ane rAjyanuM svarUpa : mAnavavikAsa cakra" ane "mAnava ekatAne Adarza ' e graMthamAM rAjaya ane samAja aMgenA je vicAro lekhita thayA che tenA AdhAre rAjayanA siddhAMtane rajU karI zakAya tema che. A saMdarbhamAM rAjyanA svarUpane vikAsa zI rIte thayuM che e jANavuM rasaprada banaze. mAnavavikAsane prathama tabakake nimna-tArkika stara jemake vRttao, avyavasthata phuraNAo ane tRSNA dvArA vyakta thAya che. prAcIna bhAratamAM jAtidharma ane kuLadharma e A prAraMbhika yuganI utpatti hatA. Ane naisargika samAja paNa kahI zakAya. jIvananA ajAgRta siddhAMta temAM aMtanidhIta che. samAjanuM e AzayalakSI temaja racanAtmaka baLa che tyArabAda tAki yuga Ave che. temAM sAmUhika mAnasa boddhika rIte vadhu ne vadhu AtmasabhAna bane che. trIjo tabakake bhaviSyane lAgu paDe che ane tenuM lakSaNa tArkikatAthI para AtmalakSI cetanA para vadhu lakSa che. trIjA tabakakAmAM aMtaH skUraNAnI zakti adhimanasa tathA atimanasanA rInyanI zakti manuSyanA ane samAjanA rUpAMtara tema ja tenI divyatA mATe zaktidAyaka thaze. uparokta prathama tabakake, jemAM nimna tArkikatA rahI che. e pachI tArkika samAja no bIjo tabakake Ave che. e be vacce je saMkrAMtikALa rahyo che tenA sAdhana tarIke rAjya che. rAjyamAM eka prakAranI yAtrikatA rahI che. ane te hisAnI zaktine dhArAkIya svarUpa ApavuM. temAM niyaMtraNa ane pharajanA mUlyane dAkhala karavAmAM tene ekahathuMpaNuM vaparAya che. kahata, kAryadakSatA jALavavAmAM te moTuM sAdhana che. rAjya e manuSyanI tArkika AMtanuM vaijJAnika sAdhana che. temAM e naisagika, sendriya ekamane bauddhika vyavasthA dvArA punaH Ajita karavAmAM Ave che. rAjyane itihAsa rAjakIya ekatAnI prakriyAne tema ja tenI saMgaThThitatAne sattAnI kendriyatAnA vikAsa dvArA rajU kare che. A palAM eTale ke rAjakIya prAdurbhAvanI sthiti pahelAM tenA kauTuMbika ane jAtiparaka sthAyIbhAvanuM prabhutva hoya che. rAjyamAM prAMtiya dandrabhAva rahyo che. je vahIvaTI ane dhArAkIya ekahaththu sattA tarapha dorI jAya che. A rIte rAjya e rAjakIya sattAnA kendriyapaNAne paryAya che. mAnavajAtine prAraMbhika itihAsa rAjakIya sattAnA bahulakSI ane vividhatAthI bharelAM kendro che. rAjyanuM Adhipatya ane tenI sattA-ekAgratA sthira rAjAzAhInA vikAsa dvArA ApaNane Ijapta, bebIlonI A, kITa, hITAITa sanI mahAna saMsakRtiomAM temaja grosa ane romamAM paNa jovA maLe che. vedamAM paNa rAjanI sattAnA vikAsanA purAvAo maLe che. ghaNA dezamAM rAjanI sattA e a95jana sattAzAhI (Oligarchy) ke dhanavAnA rAjya dvArA parivartana pAmatI hoya tenA dAkhalAo che. grIsamAM alpajana sattAzAhI dhIme dhIme dAkhala thaI. rAmamAM lekahita bAbatamAM rAjyanI seneTanuM mahatva e A siddhAMtane darzAve che, alabatta, pAzcAtya jagatamAM rAjakIya cetanAne vikAsa samema samUhanA vicAra ane saMkalpane pratinidhi tarIke kriyAzIla banAve che e A rIte joi zakAya che. prAraMbhika ane sendriya ekama tabakko ekatAne hato paraMtu tenI kAryadakSatA e jIvanane vikAsa hatA. emAM avaya ane zaktinI sahajatA e tenI AMtarika preraNu hatI. sargika For Private and Personal Use Only

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154 harasiddha joSI parivartanazIlatA, TilatA ane vivadha racanAo e khA tabakkAnA lakSaNA hatA. bauddhika ane yAMtrika saMgaThThana e dhArAkIya vyavasthAnA vikAsazIla bhAga hatA. temAM nivaryuktaka amalada zAhInu mALakhu varcasva dharAvatuM hatuM, AvI boddhika vyavasthA e kAryadakSatA, custatA ane yAtraka ekarUpatAnA vikAsa tarapha dorI jAya che. zrI arravadanA matAnusAra prAcIna spArTA ane Adhunaka janIe rAjyanA khyAlanuM prAdhAnya sthApita karyuM hatuM. tyAre prAcIna ethensa ane Adhunika IgleMDa ane phrAnse svataMtratA ane vyaktinI asmitA temaja tenA meAbhAnuM prAdhAnya sthApita karyuM' hatuM. iglenDamAM AnA samanvaya karavAne amuka aMze prayatna thayo che. samagra samAjanA bauddhika sa'kalpa surekha kAyadAe ane suvyavasthita niyaMtraNumAM vyakta thAya che. e naisargika sendriya sa kalpamAM aneka rUAMDha tema ja sasthAmAM rajU thAya che. A rUDhie e svabhAva ane jIvanazalInuM pariNAma hoya che. jyAre rAjya potAnI pUrNatA prApta kare che tyAre tenA saMbhALapUrvakanA AyeAjanamAM mahAkAya yAMtrikatAne janma Ape che. A yAMtrikatA utpAdanazIla ane niyaMtraNulakSI che ane jIvananI phaLadrupatA temAM zaktinI jagyAe naisagi`ka saraLatAne mUke che. pAzcAtya jagatanuM Adhunika rASTra tenA vikAsamAM jaTilatAna ane custa kAyadAne sarje che. samagra samAjamAM vicArazIla kAyadA dvArA ane vyavasthita niyaMtraNamAM tene bauddhika saMkalpa abhivyakta thAya che. rAjyanI pUrNatAnuM chelluM pagathiyuM e tenI yAMtrikatA che. rAjya dhIme dhIme jaTila banatuM jAya che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pazcimanA Adhunika rASTranA vikAsamAM custa kAyadAo ane tenI ekarUpatA e tenA sAmAjika ane rAjakIya tanA vikAsanI lAkSarNikatA che. sattaramI ane aDharamI sadI daramyAna AleAyanAtmaka tarka nA upayoga vyaktigata svataMtratA meLavavAmAM karavAmAM AvatA hatA. manuSyanA tArkika ane naitika siddhAtA zeAdhavA tema ja sthApita karavA e zAsanakartA tathA rAjakIya vicArakonuM kAyaM hatuM. A dizAmAM sAmaMtazAhI(Fevdalism ) ane nirapekSavAda ( Absolutism ) e banne siddhAMta upayegI rahyA nahetA. taka ne bIjo tabakko e mAnavasabadhAmAM mitratA ane samAnatA zodhavAmAM rahyo hatA. grAmajIvI prazna ane majadUrAne paryApta mahenatANuM meLavI ApavuM ane tee nyAyI jIvana jIvI zake e mATe yogya vIlAta karavI e sarakAranuM kAma che ema mAnavAmAM AvyuM. A vicAradhArAe jamanImAM AdarzIvAda, dAtmaka paddhati ( Dialectic ), samAjavAda ane sAmyavAdanA khIja rAmyAM. phrenca krAMtinuM je sUtra hatuM temAM tenuM trIju dhaTaka e bhrAtRbhAva hatuM. AnuM dhyeya bauddhika arAjakatAvAda ( Intellectval Anarchism ) zI rIte sthApavA te hatuM. rAjyanA svarUpamAM sattA ane yAMtrikatA tema ja vaDIvaTanI TilatAne vadhu hissA hatA. aitihAsika daSTie pAzcAtya jagatamAM tarkanI zista ane tenA upayAga vizeSa thaye che. mAnavataka kevaLa vartamAnamAM mUrtimaMta rahetA nathI te bhaviSyanI Adarza zakyatAo sAthe saMbadha dharAve che. Ama tarka e itihAsamAM tema ja samAja ane nItimattAnA kSetromAM pragatinu mahatvanuM sAdhana che. jo ke zrI araviMda ema mAne che ka nimnatA kaka vRtti, aMtaH sphuraGgA ane nesaPage #56
manuSya ane rAjyane adha ane zrI araviMda 157 tethI zrI araviMda rAjapane koI taka ke cAritryanA guNe vidheyakta karavA iracha nathI. e kahe che ke "rAjapane AtmA nathI ane hoya te paNa e atyaMta prAthamika che, rAjya e sainika, rAjakIya ane Arthika zaktine saMbaMdhita rahe che. e kadAca goNu rIte bauddhika ane naitika tava che ane kadAca e avikasita buddhine upayoga kare te e kalpanA, sUtro ane vikatapaNe natika preraka tavane upaga kare che." Ama saiddhAMtika rIte rAjakIya dAvAo dezamAM jJAna ane DahApaNu dvArA vyakta thAya che, tema chatAM je kriyAo banI rahI che temAM gajagrAha, hiMsA, adekhAI ane tiraskAra rahyA che. e sAcuM che ke rAjyamAM amuka vyaktie niSThApUrvaka kAma karI rahI hoya che tema chatAM utama vyaktie potAnA natika guNone vyakta karavAmAM niSphaLa jAya che. sAmUhika rIte tene ahama atyaMta nimna kakSAe kriyAzIla rahe che. rAjaya anya rAjapane haDapa karavA utsuka hoya che ane te potAnuM kSetra vistAravA Icche che. zrI araviMda ema vicAre che ke Adhunika jagatamAM rAjya e bhautika ane tika gune vikAsa darzAve che. paraMtu vyaktine saMpUrNapaNe pitAnA svarUpanI aMdara samAvI levAnuM rAjya mATe zakya nathI. savizeSa vyaktinI svataMtratA tenI vyakti paraka pravRttio tenA Adarzane saMpUrNa paNe vikasAvavA rAjaya mATe zakya nathI. rAjya e mAnavapragati mATe vidanarUpa bane e saMbhavita che. romana sAmrAjya vyaktine A rIte potAnA vizALa sAmrAjyamAM samAvI levA prayAsa karyo hato, paraMtu temAM e niSphaLa gayuM hatuM. rAjya ane sendriya ekama: samAjanA saMdarbhamAM zrI araviMda sendriya ekamanI upamAne upayoga kare che. rAjya jaTila racanA hovAne lIdhe rAjyane e sendriya ekama tarIke lekhatA nathI. rAjaya e svataMtra, saMvAdita ane buddhilakSI kAryane temaja vyaktine yogya nyAya ApI zake ema nathI. rAjya e yaMtra che. tethI koI yukti, parivartanazIlatA ke aMtaHskUraNuthIte kAma karI zake ema nathI tenuM javalaMta udAharaNa e zikSaNa che. rAjya zikSaNa ApavA mATe upayukta nathI. zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke rAjya dvArA zikSaNane prabaMdha na thavo joIe. zikSaNane artha vya vyaktitvane vikasAvavuM, tenI zakti ane tenI buddhine keLavaNI ApavI. paraMtu rAjya koI e kkasa siddhAMtane vareluM hovAthI e pitAne siddhAMtanuM ja jJAna lekene Apaze. rAjya anya siddhAMta para kApa mUkaze. rAjya e pracAranuM mAdhyama che. tethI tene je anukuLa hoya che tenI te chUTa Ape che ane je anukULa nathI tenA para te niyaMtraNa muke che, keTalAka kAsIra, dezamAM rAjakIya saMpradAya ane zAsanakartAonA siddhAMtanuM lekone zikSaNa ApavAmAM Ave che. samagra rAjayamAM AvA siddhAMtonI bolabAlA hoya che. tenA amuka pravakatAe "rAjyanuM vijJAna " "rAjayanA tattvajJAna" vize paNa cokkasa rIte vicAratA hoya che. Ane teo rASTravAda kahe che. Ama rAjaya eka yaMtra banI jAya che. bauddhika arAjakatAvAda & zrI araviMda: AIDIala oNpha hyumana yuniTI , 9, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara opha ejayukezana kalekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, poMdicerI, 1962, 5 390-391, For Private and Personal Use Only

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158 harasiddha jethI - (Ananchism), adhyAtmavAda ane vyaktinI AmalakSitA AvA valaNane virodha kare che. rAjya e svayaMsAdhya nathI. lokonA vikAsa mATe zakaya teTale tene Ache upayoga kare joIe. rAjya vizenA zrI araviMdanA AvA khyAlamAMthI tenI keTalIka maryAdAo utpanna thAya che. zrI aravida ema vicAre che ke rAjyanuM kArya vinene dUra karavAnuM, anyAyana phelAve evA kAraNene dAbI devAnuM che. paraMtu manuSyane je svataMtra banAve emAM dakhalagIrI karavI ke hAni pahecADavI e tenuM kArya nathI. tethI rASTrIya zikSaNa. rASTrIya dharma ke rASTrIya saMskRti sthApavA e dezamAM saMbhavita che. paraMtu rAjyanuM zikSaNa" ke " rAjyane dharma " e hAsyAspada bAbata che. harabarTa spensara paNa evuM mAne che ke rAjya dvArA zikSaNa ke rAjyanuM devaLa sthApavuM e gya nathI. Ama chatAM zrI araviMda vyakti paraka arthazAstrI nathI. jyAre zrI aravida anyAyane dUra karavA vize kahe che ane vyaktinA AtmavikAsa mATe himAyata kare che tyAre e vidhAyaka svataMtratA vize pratipAdana karatA hoya evuM jaNAya che. e samAjavAdano siddhAMta sthApita karavA rajUAta karatA hoya ema lAge che. Ama chatAM rAjyanuM zreya koI Arthika tattvajJAnanA siddhAMtane pratipAdita karavAnuM nathI. jema erisToTala saguNanI parAkASTA rAjyamAM aMkti thAya e mATe prayAsa kare che tema zrI araviMda manuSyanI AdhyAtmikatA pAMgare ane manuSya sarjanazIla thAya enI himAyatuM kare . zrI aravi de rAjaya vize je siddhAMta Ape che e jarmanInA AdarzavAda (IDEALISM) sAthe sAmya dharAve che. yaMtravAdane virodha, AdhyAtmika hArdane AvakAra, sAmUhika tattva temaja mAnava itihAsamAM AmatatvanI sAmelagIrInA vicAranuM mahatva e muddAo bannenAM siddhAMtamAM samAna che. alabatta e be vacce mahatvanA bheda paNa rahyA che. hegalanA AdarzavAdamAM vyaktine tArkika ke saMkalpaparaka svatattva tarIke lekhavAmAM AvI che. temAM vyakti divya che ke pAragAmI che tene ullekha nathI. A uparAMta hemalanA matAnusAra vyaktinI nItimattA e ja tenI AMtarika parAkASThA che ane tenI parama svataMtratA che ema mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. paraMtu zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra vyaktinI AdhyAtmikatA e naitika puruSArthathI bhinna che, ane e sAmAjika saMsthAthI para rahI che. phiksa ane hegala dvArA rAjyane devane darajajo ApavAmAM AvyuM che tyAre zrI araviMda rAjyane yaMtra tarIke lekhe che. TAgora paNa rASTranA khyAlathI viruddha che ane leko (People)nI tarapheNa kare che. hegala rASTra-rAjayane samAna lekhe che ane devatatvanA guNa tene vidheyita kare che. A uparAMta hegala ema mAne che ke rASTra ane rAjya e rAjakIya ekamanI parAkASThA che ane e jagata AmAnI pragatine ugya svarUpanI lekhe che. A uparAMta takanA ( Reason) svarUpa vize banne ciMtako vacce mahatvane bheda rahyo che. zrI araviMda mAne che ke rAjya e AganA staramAMthI tArkika stara vaccenA saMkrAnti kALanuM prAMtika svarUpa che. ahIM tarkano artha svalakSI, vileSaNAtmaka ane avayavalakSI vicAra che. ahIM sarvadezI ke pAragAmI takane ullekha nathI. tyAre haMgalanA ciMtanamAM rAjya e tarkanuM baMdhAraNalakSI svarUpa che, ane te mUrtimaMta vicAra heya ema lekhavAmAM AvyuM che. hegalanA ciMtanamAM sarvadezI cittanI sabhAnatAne vizeSa mahattva ApavAmAM AvyuM che. Ama hegalanA matAnusAra rAjya e sarvadezI cittanI utpatti che. rAjya e vyaktinI svataMtratAne vega For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjaya-saMbaMdha ane zrI araviMda ApatuM hoya ema haMgala vicAre che. paraMtu zrI araviMda rAjyane sAdhana tarIke lekhe che. enA matAnusAra rAjaya kadI sAdhya banI zake nahi. A uparAMta ekasapharDanA AdarzavAdIothI zrI araviMdane rAjyane khyAla ja paDe che. TI. eca. prInanA (1836-1882 ) matAnusAra rAjya e vyaktionA samUha tarIke AkAra dhAraNa kare che. A vyakitaone petAno adhikAra hoya ane te mATe nizcita saMsthAo hoya ema vicAravAmAM Ave che. prajAjanenI niSThA ane hakaka temaja adhikAramAM sAmAnya kalyANane khyAla kaTale aMze rahyA che tenA para te AdhArita che. grIna kahe che ke "baLa nahi paraMtu saMkalpa e rAjyane AdhAra che." zrI araviMda rAjya ane nirapekSa haka ke adhikAra vacce tAdAma; ema vicAratA nathI. banA be sAMkaveTa (1848-1929) jemaNe hegala pachI nirapekSa AdarzavAda aMge vicAryuM ke rAjyane tika ane sAmAjika daSTie variSTha mAne che. paraMtu zrI araviMda rAjakIya tattva ane bina-rAjakIya tatva vacce mahatvane bheda darzAve che ane kahe che ke sAmAjika mUlya e rAjaya jevI rAjakIya saMsthA para AdhAra rAkhatuM nathI. alabatta zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke kalA, dharma ane tatvajJAna e sAmAjika mUlyane vistRtIkaraNa ane vikAsamAM mahatvane bhAga bhajave che. AMtarika sabhAnatA ane cetanA e dharma ane tattvajJAna dvArA parama kakSAe pahoMce che. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra atimanasanI cetanA dharmathI paNa para jAya che ane samanvayAmaka AdhyAtmika cetanA sAthe e ekarUpatA sAdhe che. pazcimanA AdarzavAdI citakothI ja zrI araviMdanuM daSTibiMdu vadhu vyAvahArika ane vyaktinI cetanAne veganI paddhati dvArA parivartanazIla karanAruM che. AdhyAtmika AdarzavAda dvArA zrI araviMda samAjamAM parivartana lAvavA irache che tyAre hegala netika sudhAraNA dvArA sAmAjika ane rAjakIya saMsthAomAM sudhAre cA lAvavAnI himAyata kare che. A mULabhUta taphAvatane lIdhe ja mana AdarzavAdIo rAjyane vyaktinA adhikAronA ugama tarIke vicAre che. zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke vyaktigata adhikAre rAjayanA svarUpamAMthI niSpanna thatA nathI. paraMtu tene ugama manevaijJAnika che. manuSyanA svabhAva ane svadharmane anusarIne tenI paristhiti ane samAjalakSI baMdhAraNamAM e ugama rahyo che. pAzvatya AdarzavAdI ciMtanamAM sAmAnya saMkalpa (General will ) para vizeSa bhAra mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. rAjya AvA sAmAnya saMkalpanuM mUrtimaMta svarUpa che ema pratipAdita karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. zrI araviMda pitAnA rAjakIya ciMtanamAM Avo koI sAmAnya saMkalpa vicAratA nathI. alabatta, e samUhanA mana vize vicAre che paraMtu mekaDragala (1871-1938) ane DarakhAImanI jema koI samAjane mana che evuM e vicAratA nathI. samuha e vyaktinA manane samUha che ema DarekhAIma vicAre che. paraMtu zrI araviMda samUhane AdhyAtmika satvanuM svarUpa Ape che tyAre rAjyane e yAMtrika sAdhana tarIke vicAre che. rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa (Ananchism : pAzcAtya rAjakIya AdarzavAda ane zrI araviMdanA rAjakIya daSTibiMdu vacce mukhya bheda e che ke zrI araviMdanA ciMtanamAM rAjyanA vilInIkaraNane muddo varcasva dharAve che. hegala, mIna ane sAMkaTa pitAne rAjakIya cinanamAM rAjayanA vilanIkaraNane mahatva ApatA nathI For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 siddha oSI tyAre zrI araviMda AdhyAtmika svarUpe rAjyanA vilInIkaraNane dhyeya tarIke rajU kare che. Adhunika rAjyanA vilInIkaraNa 'nA siddhAMtamAM mahatvanA muddo e nyAya ane naitika svataMtratA uparanA bhAra che. rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNu e yAMtrikatA, vadhu paDatI custatA ane Adhunika rAjyamAM ' AdhipatyavAda ' (Authoritarianism)nA varAdha kare che. rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNu svaicchika ane ApoApa sahakAra para bhAra mUke che. zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra AdazalakSI ke tAttvika rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa e jUnA vyaktivAdanA Adarza taka nA siddhAMta che. 1 rAjyanA vilInIkaraNanA siddhAMta rAjayane zANukhArInA sAdhana tarIke samaje che. A bAbatane kArla mArksanA (1818-1883) siddhAMtamAM avizeSa spaSTa karavAmAM AvyuM che, rAjya e prAjAnuM zANa kare che ane rAjyanA anya mANusA mUkalAve tenI mAMdha le che. rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNu ema mAne che ke mAnavasvabhAva mULabhUta rIte sArA che. paraMtu rAjya ane tenI saMsthAo sAthenA paraspara saparka thI lAlacu bane che, ane prajA pAse jabaradastIthI kAma karAve che. e naitika ane rAjakIya rIte krAMtinI tarapheNa kare che. egaNIsamI sadI daramyAna yuropamAM amuka mahattvanA ciMtako hatA je rAjyanA vilIkaraNanA siddhAMtanI tarapheNu karatA hatA. mekasa Tarnara (Turner ) rAjyanI jagyAe ahamavAdIonA moMDaLane niyukta karalAnI tarapheNu karatA hatA. emanA matAnusAra samAja e taraMgalakSI ekama che tyAre vyakti e atyaMta mahattvanuM vyaktitvayukta ekama che.TaranA vyaktilakSI vilInIkaraNavAdI hatA. tyAre nIkAyela bAkunIna samUhalakSI vilInIkaraNavAdI hatA. teNe A caLavaLamAM AtaMkavAdanuM tattva dAkhala karyuM. lyuDavIMga kyUrabhAka (1804-187ra) tema ja mAkarsa' ema vicAryuM ke Izvara ane dharme asAmAjika tA che. pITarakropoTakIna ema mAnatA hatA ke samAja e samUha (Communes )te| banyA che. kArla mAkarsIne (saddhAMta evI rajUAta kare che ke jyAre vanuM zASavyu . samApta thAya che ane zramajIvIe| rAjyanI dhurA hAthamAM le che tyAre vigraha adazya thAya che. ane rAjyanI AvazyakatA rahetI nathI. tenuM vilInIkaraNu thAya che. e ApoApa ane svaicchika vilInIkaraNa thAya che. liye TAlsaTAya e mahAna vilInIkaraNavAdI hatA. temaNe dhArmika dRSTie rAjyanA vilInIkaraNane vicAryuM " hatuM. leAkamAnya tilake 1908mAM 'kesarI 'mAM tema ja potAnA bayAvanAmAmAM raziyAnA vilInIkaraNavAdIonA ullekha karyA hatA. prANalakSI ( Vitalistic) vilInIkaraNavAda: zrI ardAvaMda vilInIkaraNavAdanA traNu vicArasvarUpo vacce bheda darzAve che. prANalakSI, bauddhika ciMtanAtmaka ane AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNane siddhAMta prANalakSI vilInIkaraNu e * jIvA ane jIvavA do ' e siddhAMtamAM mAne che. e koIpaNa prakAranA aupacArika siddhAMta ke saMgaThThanA virodha kare che. zrI araviMda A prakAranA vilInIkaraNane AvakAratA nathI. prANalakSI vilInIkaraSNutA siddhAMta vyaktinA ahamane mahatva Ape che ane naitika RNu-svIkArane virAdha kare che. e ema kahe che ke pratyeka manuSyane jIvavAno adhikAra che. bIne mArIne ke 10 zrI araviMda : hyumana sAIkala ve. 9, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara opha ejyukezana kalekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, pAMceirI, 1962, pA. 62-63, For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjya-saMbaMdha ane zrI araviMda dabAvIne e sattA meLavI zake che ane bAhya jagatane pitAnI jarUriyAtanA nimnavatI sAdhana tarIke jALavI zake che. manuSyanI utkrAMtimAM sAmAjika niyaMtraNa ane saMgaThThana dvArA je mahAna sevA karavAmAM AvI che tenI noMdha kI araviMda lIdhI che. manuSyanA je nignatArkika ane sAmAjika rIte tenI hiMsaka vRttio temaja tenA Avego rahyA che tenA para svairichaka rIte aMkuza rAkhavo muzkela che. tenA para koI bAma dhArAkIya vyavasthA dvArA niyaMtraNa lAvI zakAya che. samAjanA prAraMbhika tabakkAmAM koi pharajiyAta aMzonuM Adhipatya jarUrI che. AdhipatyanA khyAlane dUra karavA prANalakSI ke hiMsaka vicAradhArA prayojita karavAmAM AvI che zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke A prANalakSI starane ane bAvA niyaMtraNane dUra karavuM ane tenAthI AgaLa javuM Avazyaka che. ' adhyAtmavAdI vicAraka tarIke e mAne che ke bAgha dhArAkIya ane yAMtrikatvanI jagyAe RNa svIkArane aMtalakSI niyama ane sva-nirmita saMhitA sthApita karavI jarUrI che. mAnavavikAsa cakra mAM zrI araviMda kahe che ke " sAmAjika rAjyanI pUrNatA evI che ke jemAM sarakArI dabANa ekadama nAbuda thAya ane mukta kabulAta tema ja sahakAra dvArA potAnA bhAIbhAMDa sAthe manuSya rahI zake tenuM sthApana thAya.11. bauddhika ke tAttvika vilInIkaraNa: - zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra bauddhika vilInIkaraNanA be mane vaijJAnika AdhAre che. prathama, je mAnavacita pitAnA mATe svataMtratAnI mAgaNI kare che e anya mANasone paNa sarakhI ja svataMtratA ApavA mATe prerAya che. bIja', manuSyamAM anya manuSya mATe naisargika sahAnubhUti rahI che ane svataMtratA, samAnatA temaja turata ja sahakArane AdhAre sAmAjika ane rAjakIya vyavasthA racavA mATe e teyAra che. prANalakSI ke hiMsaka vilInIkaraNa karatAM manuSyanA svabhAvamAM boddhika ke tAtvika vilInIkaraNa rahyuM che. ene ahIM svIkAra karavAmAM Ave che. zrI araviMda kahe che ke "boddhika vilInIkaraNane vicAra tenuM dhyeya ane sUtra, tenI tAkika parAkASThAe tene laI jAya che. ane manuSyanA svabhAvamAM je divyatattva rahyuM che tene yathArtha satyane e sthApe che. sAmAjika siddhAMtanA keTalAka atizayoktibharyA prayogo thayA che tene te virodha kare che. manuSya dvArA manuSya uparanI sarakAra koI pharajiyAta kAyade lAde tene te aniSTa, atyAcAra, zubhanA siddhAMtanI vakRtI ane mAnavajAtinI pUrNatAne kacaDI nAkhe evI zakti tarIke lekhe che.11 - " temAM rahale sAmAjika siddhAMta agya che. tene mAnavabuddhi paDakAre che. sargika stara parathI manuSyanI paDatI thAya che. paraMtu zrI araviMda ema mAne che ke bhautika vilInIkaraNane siddhAMta paNa manuSyanI samasyAnuM nirAkaraNuM lAvI zake ema nathI kAraNa ke A siddhAMtane AdhAra taka che. ane tarka e madhyama kakSAnuM sAdhana che. prakRtinI utkrAMtinI e gyAmAM ucI zakti nathI. manuSyane AtmA e tarkathI para che. tethI Atmatattva dvArA A vilInIkaraNa bAda - * svA 11 upara mujaba, pA. 268-268, 12 upara mujaba, pA. 266, 8 For Private and Personal Use Only

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162 hasiddha oSI samAjanuM niyaMtraNu thavuM joIe. Ama bauddhika vilInIkaraNa pachI AdhyAtmika ke adhyAtmalakSI vilInIkaraNunA siddhAMta sthApita thavA jarUrI che. prAcIna satyayugane artha paNa AdhyAtmika dardISTae mukta vilInIkaraNu che ema zrI araviMda pratipAdana kare che.13 AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNanA siddhAMta : zrI araviMda vilInIkaraNanA prANalakSI hiMsaka svarUpanI cAkkasapaNe viruddha che. e tenA bIjA svarUpa ke vilInIkaraNanI tAttvika vicAradhArA pratye vizeSa sahAnubhUti vyakta kare che. paraMtu e tAttvika ke bauddhika vilInIkaraNa dvArA eka AdhyAtmika samAja saCtA hoya jemAM mAnava Adarzone mUrtimaMta karavAmAM AvatA hAya te| evA samAjane zrI avidha AvakAraze. mAnava astitvane mAdana ApavA AMtarika niyaMtraNa ane AdhyAtmika ugamA racavAnI e himAyata kare che. jo OM zrI araviMda AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNanI tarapheNumAM che chatAM e AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNavAdIonA AtyaMtika maMtavyA sAthe saMmata thaze nahIM. e kahe che ke " vamAna samayamAM tenI je abhivyakti che temAM ghaNuM atizayoktibharyuM ane apUrNa che; tenA pravakatAe prANalakSI jIvananA asaMbhavita evA AtmA-vilInIkaraNune upadeza Ape che ane temane raktavAda prANatatvanA zuddhikaraNa tema ja rUpAMtarane badale temanuM damana ane tene mArI nAkhavAnI hiMmAyata kare che. jIvana svayaM kacaDAI gayeluM ke sukAi gayeluM jaNAya che ane kaDaka custatA dvArA tenA mULiyAM sukAI gayelA jaNAya che. krAMtinA AzayathI dArAIne tenA AgevAnA saMskRtine niSphaLatA tarIke utArI pADe che, paraMtu temAM tee saskRtinA mUlyavAna lAbho ane guNAne hAMkI kADhe che. 14 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gaI sadI daramyAna raziyAnA vicAraka liyo TolsaToya rAjyane ahaMkAra tathA baLanI utpatti tarIke vicAratA hatA. tethI bAIbalanA dhyeyathI e viruddha jatuM hAya ema jaNAtuM hatuM. zArIrika baLa ane sAmyavAdanA atyAcArane bAda karIne TAlsaTAya vilInIkaraNunA mukhya vicArIne svIkAratA hatA. prAraMbhika khristI dharmAMnA naitika dhyeyane tee svIkAratA hatA. tethI pachInA saMgadbhuita devaLanA e virodha karatA hatA. Adhunika saMskRti, vepAra, vANijaya, Arthika levaDadevaDa ane naisagiCka vijJAna para AdhArita che. tethI tene teo virodha karatA hatA. rAjya sAthe ane tenA vahIvaTI yaMtra sAthe asahakAranI vakIlAta karatA hatA ane leAkone kara na bharavAnuM zikhavatA hatA jyAre zrI araviMda ' savinaya kAnunabhaMga * (Resistance )nI caLavaLanA sakriya netA hatA ane asahakAra AMdolana sAthe sa`kaLAyelA hatA te samaya sAthe TAlsaToyanA khyAlanA keTalAMka lakSaNA sAmya dharAve che. TAlsaTAya ema vicAratA hatA ke ga|spela 'nA prAcIna Adarza ne anusaravAthI mAnavajAtinuM punarutthAna thaze. TAlsaToyanA vicAramAM nAMtaka ane dhAmi~ka punarjAgRti para bhAra che tyAre thI araviMdanA ciMtanamAM ajAgRta cetanatattva ane mAnavaAtmatattvanI vaizvika zaktinI zodha para bhAra mUkavAmAM AvyA che. 13 zrI araviMda : AIDIala aupha hyumana yuniTI vA. 9, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara opha ejyukezana klekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, pAMceirI, 1962, 684-385. 14 zrI araviMda : hyumana sAIkalavA. 9, zrI aravida InTaranezanala senTara oNk ejyukezana klekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, pAMceirI, 1962, pA. 273-274, For Private and Personal Use Only

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manuSya ane rAjaya-saMbadha age zrI araviMda mahAtmA gAMdhI paNa rAjyane tenA hiMsaka Azrayane lIdhe AtmA vinAnuM yaMtra lekhe che temanA matAnusAra lokonuM svarAja ke sAcI lekazAhI asatya ane hiMsaka sAdhano dvArA kadI prApta thaI zake nahIM. rAjyane artha baLanI ekAgratA che. gAMdhIjI ema mAne che ke vyaktinI svataMtratA zuddha AhaMsAnA zAsana heThaLa ja prApta thaI zake, "rAmarAjyamAM dareka vyakti pitAne cAlaka che. e potAnA para rAjya kare che ane pitAnA paDozIne kadI vinakartA banaze nahIM. AvA Adarza rAjyamAM koI rAjakIya sattA haze nahi kAraNa ke koI rAjya haze naryo. "15 paraMtu gAMdhIjIne Adarza e nisarganI mAphaka saraLa binakeLavAyela sthitine prakAzita karavAne che. tyAre zrI araviMda Adhunika odhogika saMskRtinA phAyadAone jatA karatA nathI. gAMdhIjInA ciMtanamAM pAzcAtya audhogika ane yAMtrika saMskRti pratye vadhu virodha che, tyAre zrI araviMdanA ciMtanamAM evuM jovA maLatuM nathI. gAMdhIjInA ciMtanamAM satya ane ahiMsAnA naitika ta para bhAra mukavAmAM Avyo che. zrI araviMda vyakti ane samAjanA AdhyAtmika rUpAMtarane vadhu mahatvanuM lekhe che. gAMdhIjI ane zrI araviMda baMne eka bAbatamAM saMmata thAya che ke Adarza rAjya zAMticAhaka hevuM che e. vijJAnasvarUpa samAjanA (Gnostic society) uddabhavamAM eka bAbata spaSTa che ke temAM yuddhanA prANalakSI aniSTane saMpUrNapaNe dUra karyuM haze. zrI araviMda mAne che ke vadhu ujajavaLa bhaviSyanI prAthamika zarata e che ke manuSyanA AtmatatvanI supta zaktine pragaTa karavI. Adarza samAjanuM prerakabaLa AdhyAtmika bhrAtRbhAvanI bhAvanA che. tene artha AMtarika ekatAnI caritArthatA che. e paristhitimAM ja ahaMkAra saMpUrNapaNe dUra thaze ane vyakita temaja samAjanI pUrNatA prApta thaze. AvA AdhyAtmika samAja mAM zrI araviMdanA matAnusAra AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNa mUrtimaMta thaze. badhA manuSya mukta thaze ane pratyeka manuSya Uddha divya niyamanA pAlanane pragaTa karaze. zrI araviMda ema vicAre che ke AvA AdhyAtmika AdazanI prApti ke AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNa e dUrane Adarza che ene mUrtimaMta karavo sahele nathI paraMtu ciMtanAtmaka vilInIkaraNane caritArtha karavuM e eTaluM dUra nathI. vartamAna mAnavajAtinI kaTokaTI e svataMtratAne Adarza ane atyAcAra tema ja niyaMtraNa vaccenA gajagrAhamAM gherAyalI che samAjavAdanA sthApanathI ciMtanalakSI vilInIkaraNane vega maLe evuM bane tema che. Ama chatAM ciMtanAtmaka vilInIkaraNane sthApavuM e zrI araviMdanuM dhyeya nathI. e AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNa ane AdhyAtmika samAjane mUrtimaMta karavAnA himAyatI che. zrI araviMda 'mAnava vikAsacaka'mAM kahe che ke " AdhyAtmika svarUpa banelo samAja tenI AdhyAtmika vyaktionI mAphaka ahaMkAramAM nahi paraMtu AtmAmAM sthira haze. te eka sAmudAyika ahaMkAra rUpe nahi paraMtu sAmudAyika AtmArUpe jIvana gALaze. aham pradhAna daSTimAMthI A rIte mukta rahevuM e AdhyAtmika samAjanuM sauthI prathama ane atyaMta AgaLa paDatuM lakSaNa haze.16 15 gAMdhIjI : yaMga InDIA : 2, julAI 1931, graMtha 'mahAtmA' vo. 1, 1869-1920, DI. jI. te DUlakara, viThThalabhAI jhaverI, 1951, pA. 322-326, 16 zrI aravida : hyumana sAIkala , 9, zrI araviMda InTaranezanala senTara opha ejyukezana kalekazana, zrI araviMda Azrama, pAMdicarI. 1962, pA. 277-78. For Private and Personal Use Only

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14 ? harasiddha joSI raziyAmAM thoDo samaya rAjakIya ciMtana tarIke vilInIkaraNane prabhAva paDyo hato. te sivAya A ciMtana jagatamAM vizeSa asara karI nathI. mAnavajAtinA mULabhUta sAmA jaka anubhavathI te viruddha rahyo che. manuSyanI utkrAMti mATe nakkI karela mALakhuM, nizcita saMgaThThana ane niyaMtraNa jarUrI che. je hisaka sAdhane dvArA vartamAna rAjyane IrAdAthI dUra karavAmAM Ave te te bIjA atyAcAra karatA rAjAne janma Apaze. hiMsaka rAjyanA racanArAe rAjyanuM sthApana karaze ane potAnI sattA jamAvaze. gAMdhIjI kahe che ke hiMsA damana, julama ane niyaMtraNa karI hiMsAne janma Apaze. nikolAsa baradayeva (1874-1949) mAne che ke purnajAgRtinA jussAnA kSayathI rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa ane tenuM vaicArika paribaLa uddabhava pAmyA che. je samAja anyanuM zeSaNa kare che e tiraskAra, virodha ane damananI lAgaNIne janma Ape che. zrI araviMda ane baradayeva saMskRti ane saMskAranA je lAbha che tene rAjyanuM vilInIkaraNa dUSita kare ema chatA nathI. sau prathama mAnavabhrAtRbhAva sAmAjika svarUpa tarIke sthAyI thavo joIe ane tyArabAda rAjyanA vilInIkaraNane mUrtimaMta karavA prayAsa tha joIe. jyAM sudhI A sAkAra thayuM hetuM nathI ane kadAca damanayukta yAMtrikatA sthApita karavA prayAsa thAya te jagalane kAyade pharIthI upasthita thAya che. tethI zrI aravida vidhAyaka evA naitika tathA AdhyAtmika gunI khIlavaNa para vizeSa bhAra mUke che. vilInIkaraNane Adarza ane siddhAMta azakya jaguya paraMtu vilInIkaraNanA Adarza mAM rAjyanI kendriyatAnA khyAlane paDakAravAmAM AvyuM che ane vikendrIkaraNanA vicArane anumodana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. alabatta zrI araviMda rAjyanI bAbatamAM vilInIkaraNanA khyAlane vadhu mahattva ApatA nathI paraMtu mAnavajIvana AdhyAtmika thavuM joIe tenA para vadhu bhAra mUkyo che. vartamAna yaMtravAda sAmAjika, rAjakIya ane audyogika aniSTa viruddha zrI aravida asahakAra ke krAMtinI tarapheNa karatAM nathI. paraMtu sAmudAyika jIvanamAM AdhyAtmika dhaTakane dAkhala karIne sarvAgI rUpAMtarikaraNanI e cokkasa himAyata kare che. zrI araviMdanA rAjakIya ciMtanamAM mukhya vicAra e AdhyAtmika vilInIkaraNa nathI paraMtu vyaktilakSI ane samUhalakSI jIvanane parivartana ane rUpAMtArakaraNa che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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jainadarzanane anekAntavAda-eka vicAravimarza sI. vI. rAvaLa+ prAstAvika : "dazana' zabda saMskRta dhAtu -jevuM ' parathI banyuM che. samagra vizvamAM je sava paDeluM che tene jovA ane jAnyuvAne prayatna eTale darzana. aMgrejI bhASAmAM darzana mATe vaparAte zabda Philosophy mULa grIka bhASAnA " PHILO" ane "SOPHIA ' sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. jeno artha thAya "prajJA mATeno prema (LOVE FOR WISDOM). paraMtu bhAratIya paraMparAmAM philasaphI eTale kevaLa prajJA mATeno prema nahIM paraMtu jIvanadaSTi A way of lifeevo vyApaka artha dhaTAvavAmAM Ave che. dajhina artha ja dazana che. jJAna-darzanamAM je darzana che te A darzana nathI, paNa vastunuM jJAna thayA pachI te vizenI ApaNI je dRSTi baMdhAya che te darzana che; ane te bhAratIya tatvajJAnamAM nAnA prakAre je vividha darzane vavAyAM che te ja che; eTale ke te te vastu viSenI sthira thayelI mAnyatAo darzanarUpe prasiddha thAya che. AcArya haribhadrasuranA mate evAM darzane mAMhenuM eka te jaina darzana. koI pAsethI kazuMka sAMbhaLIne mAnyatA baMdhAya che te darzana che ja, paNa vAstavika darzana te tyAre kahevAya jyAre te te mAnyatAne anusarIne sAkSAt anubhava thAya, ane e je anubhava che te ja RSionuM darzana che. RSionA AvA anubhavonA AdhAre te te darzananI nipatti thaI che. jene ApaNe "Sa darzana' tarIke oLakhIe chIe. A cha ye darzananA praNetAone haribhadra sarvajJa kahyA che ane tethI te sa samAnabhAve AdaraNIya Thare che. pazcimanI saMskRtimAM dharma yahUdI ane khristI paraMparAmAMthI Avelo che, jyAre enuM darzana-anI philasUphI prAcIna grIsamAMthI AvelAM che. AthI tyAM Religion ane Philosophy eka bIjAthI alaga rahyAM che. tyAM philephIne eka zAstrIya viSaya lekhe ja abhyAsa thAya che. tene AcAra sAthe karaze anivArya saMbaMdha nathI. bhAratIya paraMparAmAM dharma ane darzana evA bheda atyAranA arthamAM karavA zakaya nathI. dharma ane darzana ApaNe tyAM svAdayAya', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, tA 26 thI 28 jAnyuArI 1996 daramyAna zaMkhezvara khAte yojAyela gujarAta rAjya yuni. ane koleja saMskRta adhyApaka maMDaLanA 21mAM adhivezanamAM rajU thayela nibaMdha. + 28, novela ro hAusIjha, seTelAITa reDa, amadAvAda-15. 1 A jIvana hastaprata jevuM che. jenuM prathama ane chelluM pAna khevAI gayuM che. je koI A vAyelA pAnanI zodha kare che te dArzanika che ane enI zodha e darzana che.-svAmI rAmatIrtha (The Book of Life ). For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. je. avicchinna che. ApaNe " vicAra' AcAra mATe ja hatuM ane te. "dhama ' e saMjJAne aMgrejI Religion karatAM ghaNuM ja vizALa artha thAya che ane temAM vyakita ane samAjanA samama AcaraNane tathA tene lagatA nIti-niyamone samAveza thAya che. ApaNe tyAM zaMkara, rAmAnuja ane Abhanavagupta, nAgArjuna, dilmanAga ane vasubaMdhu siddhasena divAkara, umAsvAti ane haribhadrasUri vagere je vicAratA hatA te pramANe ja te jIvatA hatA. temanA AcAra-vicAra vacce pUrI ekavAkayatA hatI. bhAratIya darzanamAM jenadarzana potAnuM AgavuM sthAna dharAve che. jaina sAhitya vizALa che. vastunA svarUpane nizcaya karavAnI tenI paddhati bIjAM darzanethI judI tarI Ave che. jaina darzana anekAntavAdI dazana che. bIjA ekAntavAdI darzane "ja' zabdane upayoga karI, ekAMtika zailIthI vastunuM nirUpaNa kare che. jenAmata svAta' rUpa che. syAdavAda ke anekAntavAda vizvane jaina darzananI eka maulika bheTa che. jaina dharma eka ati prAcIna dharma che. RSabhadeva, pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIra svAmI jevI vibhUtioe A puNyabhUminI sAMskRtika samRddhimAM vRddhi karI che. jaina dharmanA siddhAMtane saTa karavA mahAna AcAryoe mahAna graMtha nirmANa karyA che, jemAM teoe madhyasthapaNe tatvanirUpaNa karatAM prajAnA kalyANa tarapha mukhya daSTi rAkhI che. koIpaNa darzananA siddhAMtane teDI pADavAnI saMkucita vRtti temanA vizALa vAlmayamAM jaNAtI nathI. bo ane nya siddhAMtone samanvaya karavA tarapha temanI udAra dRSTi jovA maLe che jenadharmanI koI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA hoya te mukhyatve te ahisA nathI, ke nathI tapa ke vairAgya, paraMtu te te che tene anekAntavAda. satyane samajavA mATe ekAMgI na banavuM 5Nu sarvAgI dASTae satyane pAmavA prayatna karavo e jaina darzanane mukhya siddhAMta che. tenA A molika siddhAMta viSe jeTaluM lakhAya teTaluM ochuM che. A saMbaMdhamAM Aja sudhImAM paNa ghaNuM lakhAyuM che, vizad carcAo cAlI che, khaMDana-maMDana thayAM che, ane AkSepa ane parihAranI jhaDIo varaselI che. e badhI bAbatone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne, prAcIna, arvAcIna graMthenuM dahana karI lakhAyelA A nibaMdhamAM tenI satkRSTatA, vyApakatA ane samanvayitA siddha karavA prayatna karyo che. sAthe sAthe tenA anumodanamAM prAcIna-arvAcIna aneka pramANo-udAharaNo sahita suprasiddha vidvAnonA abhiprAya paNa jaNAvyA che. vicAramAM anekAnta ane AcAmAM ahisA : dharma nI vyAkhyAo dhaNI thaI che. "je jIvanazuddhi ane samRddhinI sAdhanA batAve te dharma'. A vyAkhyA uttama jaNAya che. dareka dharmamAM AtmoddhAra mATenI je vigate che te mAraphata ja mANasa potAnI unnati sAdhI zake che. A sAdhana be rIte thAya che. potA purata vicAra karI AtmazuddhithI Amavijaya karavo ane aMte mukta thavuM. A pahelI sAdhanA. bIjI dizA e che ke temAM kevaLa vyaktine vicAra na karatAM AkhA samAjane vicAra karavo. gAMdhIjInA 2 "nA nikSate brijAnakSatayte'- janinAthI pratijJA For Private and Personal Use Only

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jainadarzanane anekAntavAda-eka vicAravimarza mate " antarAmAe pALelI nIti te dharma -paM sukhalAlajInA mate paNa dharma eTale- satyane jANavAnI tAlAvelI ane vivekI samabhAva-, ane e be vacce ghaDAto jIvana vyavahAra.' jana dazananI sarvamAnya be vizeSatAo che. eka anekAnta ane bIjI ahisA. satya kharI rIte eka ja hoya che, paNa manuSyanI dRSTi tene eka rIte prahaNa karI zakatI ja nathI. tethI satyanA darzana mATe manuSya pitAnI dRSTimaryAdA vikasAvavI joIe ane temAM satyAgrahaNanI saMbhavita badhI ja rItene sthAna ApavuM joIe. A udAtta ane vizALa bhAvanAmAMthI ane kAntanI vicArasaraNIne janma thayele che, e saraNI kAMI vAdavivAdamAM jaya meLavavA mATe ke vitaMDAvAdanI sAThamArI khelavA mATe ke zabdachalanI AMTI-ghUMTInI ramata ramavA mATe nathI jAyelI, paNa e te jIvanazodhananA eka bhAga tarIke vivekazaktine vikasAvavA ane satya darzananI dizAmAM AgaLa vadhavA mATe jAyelI che. jema jema mANasanI vivekazakti vadhe che tema tema tenI daSTimaryAdA vadhavAne lIdhe tene potAnI aMdara rahelI saMkucitatAo ane vAsanAonAM dabANanI sAme thavuM paDe che. jyAM sudhI mANasa temanI sAme na thAya tyAM sudhI te potAnA jIvanamAM anekAntanA vicArane vAstavika sthAna ApI ja zakatA nathI. tethI anekAMtanA vicAranI rakSA yAne vRddhinA praznamAMthI ja ahiMsAne prazna Ave che. jaina ahisA kharA Amika baLanI apekSA rAkhe che. AdhyAtmika jaya mATe prayatna e ja mukhya jaina ahisA che. ahiMsA e mAtra sthaLa AcAra nathI, paNa te zuddha vicAranA paripAka rUpe avatarele jIvana utkarSaka AcAra che. anekAntavAda eTale vicAramAM paNa ahiMsA; kAraNuMke anekAntavAda eTale virodhIpakSanAM maMtavyanI AdarapUrvaka vicAraNA karavI ane mizvAbhimAnane tyAga karI, pitAnI bhUla heya te sudhAravI tathA udAratA ane vivekabuddhithI uttama tane samanvaya kare. ekAntavAdanI samasyAne bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA ukela bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM pazu aneka dArzanika mata pracalita hatA. jema ke tatkAlIna (1) kALavAda (2) svabhAvavAda (1) karmavAda (4) puruSArthavAda ane (5) niyativAda; A pAMceya darzanamAM paraspara saMdharSa hatA, ane teo ekabIjAnuM khaMDana karIne mAtra potAnA dvArA kArya siddha thavAne dAvo karatA. bhagavAna mahAvIre A vAdamAM jatA ekAMtavAdanI samasyAne ukelI ane saMsAranI sAthe tenA samavayanI vAta karI, je pUrNa rIte satya para AdhAra rAkhe che. uparanA pAMceya vAde pitapotAnA sthAne barAbara che. saMsAramAM je kAMI kArya thAya che e A pAMceyanA samanvayathI ja thAya che. udA. mALI bAgamAM AMbAnI geTalI vAve che. ahIM ke bhagavAna zrI mahAvIranI stuti karatAM kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya kahe che : kRtAparASe'pi jane kRpAmantharatArayoH / / phrakaTu vAvargadra, zrIyafbanAyo. | je lokoe pitAnA pratye apakAra karyA che, aparAdha karyA che, anAdara ane avahelanA karI che, evA AtmAo pratye paNa karuNAnAM AMsuothI bhInAM banelAM prabhu mahAvIranA netro ApaNe haMmezAM kayANa karanArAM banI 2he. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. vI. rAvaLa pAceya kAranA samanvayathI ja jhADa thaze. AMbAnI goTalImAM A pedA karavAne svabhAva che, paraMtu vAvavAnA ke vAvyA pachI rakSA karavAne puruSArtha na hoya te zuM thaze ? vAvavAne ane rakSaNa karavAne puruSArtha paNa karI lIdhe, paraMtu nizcita kALanA paripAka vinA aba emane ema rAtorAta thoDe taiyAra thaI jaze? kALanI maryAdA pUrI thatAM paNa kadI zubha karma anukuLa hoya nahIM te phaLa (karI) besaze nahIM. koIvAra kinAre AvelI nAva paNa DUbI jAya che ! have rahI niyati. te badhuMya che ja. AMbAmAMthI kerInuM thavuM te te prakRtine niyama che, tene koNa I-kAra karI zake? bIju udAharaNa laIe : bhaNavAvALA vidyArthIne mATe paNa pAMceya vastu Avazyaka che. bhaNavA mATe cittanI ekAgratArUpa svabhAva hoya, samayane yoga paNa devAmAM Ave, puruSArtha paNa karavAmAM Ave, azubha karmane kSaya ane zubha karmane udaya paNa hoya ane prakRtinAM niyama, niyata ane bhavitavyatAnuM paNa dhyAna rAkhavAmAM Ave tyAre te bhaNIgaNIne vidvAna thaI zake che. bhagavAna mahAvIranI ciMtanapradhAna tapasyAe temane anekAnta daSTi sUjhADI, ane emane satyanI zodhane saMka95 saphaLa thayo. anekAnadaSTinuM virodhI vicArakoe (bAdarAyaNa, bauddho va. e) che ke khaMDana karyuM, paraMtu enuM anivArya pariNAma e AvyuM ke eka bAju anekAntadRSTine takabaddha vikAsa thaye. bIjI bAju ene prabhAva virodhI vicArako para paNa paDaze. ktAM eka vAda rUpe Aja paryata anekAntadaSTi jenenI ja lekhAya che. chatAM ene prabhAva bhAratanA badhA bhAganA sAhitya para paDelo jovA maLe che. jainadarzana vastuvAdI (Realistic) ane bahatatvavAdI (Pluralistic ) darzana che ane tenuM svarUpa adhyAtmavAdI (spiritualistic) che. jenadarzananA vastuvAdamAM bauddha ane vedAntanI vacalI kakSA svIkAravAmAM AvI che. mahAvIranA samayamAM eka bAjuthI zAzvatavAdanI bolabAlA hatI te bIjI bAju urachedavAda hatuM. A banne virodhI maMtavyomAMthI mArga kADhavAne hato. vedAntIonA mate vastu paramArthasata eTale traNe kALamAM abAdhita, nirvikAra ane kuTastha nitya che ane A dekhAtuM vizva e mAtra vyAvahArika sata che ane vastutatvanI daSTie jotAM mAyika che. bauddhonA mate vastu kSaNasattAvALI che, ane dhArAvAhI athavA saMtAnanA rUpamAM mithyA sat che evI bhAse che, pachI te saMtAna AzuonI dhArA hoya ke cittanA pariNAmonI dhArA heya. parama sat ane parama asat-paramArtha ane anya-e be vedAnta ane bauddhonA ekAnta siddhAMtane jene svIkAratA nathI. teo vastu svarUpa vyavahAradaSTa athavA lAkika buddhi athavA anubhava vaDe jevuM samajAya che tevuM svIkAre che. ' 4 yadarUpeNa yanizcitaM tadapaM na vyabhicarati tat satyam / je rU5thI je nizcita che, je rUpane kadI tyAga na thAya eTale ke te rUpathI anyathA na thAya tyAre te * satya' kahevAya che. kAlatraye'pi tiSThati iti sat je traNe kALamAM vidyamAna che te ja " sata' che. trikAlAbAdhita hoya te sat che. sarakhAvo :- bhagavadagItA (ma 1 23 ) nAsato te mAro etc. For Private and Personal Use Only

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jainadarzanane anekAtavAda eka bicAvamarza manuSyone sauthI vadhu Agraha-sauthI vadhu pakSapAta pitAnA abhiprAya upara hoya che. zArIrika saMtAna karatAM paNa mAnasika saMtAna upara manuSyane adhaka prema hoya che. pitAnA abhipAya uparane A azva anurAga, ekAMta Agraha, manuSyane satyanI pichAna thavAmAM meTA aMtarAyarUpa che, kAraNa ke satya e koI eka abhaprAyane AdhIna nathI, paNa vastusvarUpane AdhIna che. vastunuM svarUpa ekadharmavALuM nathI, paNa anaMtadharmavALuM che. koI paNuM kathana nirapekSapaNe satya nathI. satya hamezAM ApaNu daSTibinduone sApekSa che. Truth is always relative to our standpoints. ekAnta e haMmezAM asatya che. anekAnta e ja satya che. anekAntavAda e ja khare tatvavAda che.' ekAntavAdathI tavavAdanI vyavasthA thaI zakatI nathI. duniyAmAM jeTalA asatya mata che tenI upara ekAntavAdathI thayelI che. ekA e vastugata dharma nathI, 5 bu.gata dharma che. vastu pote haMmezAM anekAntamaya-aneka dharmavALI hoya che. tene eka dharmavaDe maryAdita karavAvALI buddhi ja sarvadurAgrahanuM mULa che. koIpaNa vastu nirapekSa rIte astitva dharAvI zake nahIM ( ana + ekAMta), astitvanAM kathane mAtra sApekSa rIte sAcAM hoya che. udA. senAne kaLaza senAnAM aNuonA samUha tarIke padArtha che; paNa kaLazanI jagyA (AkAza)nA arthamAM padArtha nathI. eTale padArtha che paNa kharo, ane nathI paNa khare. te aNurUpa che. te pRthavI-aNune banelo che, jaLa aNune banela nathI. Ama astitvanuM kathana mAtra maryAdita ke sApekSa artha mAM sAruM che. vaDe vicAra karatAM ja ya che ke anekAntadaSTi satyanA AdhAre ubhI che. satyanuM nirUpaNu badhAya mahApuruSe kare che, paNa satyanA nirUpaNanI paddhati ane satyanI zodha ekasarakhI hotI nathI. bhagavAna mahAvIranI satyaprakAzana zailInuM ja bIju nAma anekAntavAda che, enA mULamAM be tava che. pUrNatA ane yathArthatA. je pUrNa hoya ane pUrNa hovA chatAM yathArtharUpe pratIta thAya ene ja satya kahevAmAM Ave che. A saMbaMdhamAM aMgajanyAyanuM udAharaNuM joIe. aneka aMdhajana hAthI kevo che tenuM varNana hAthInI sUMDha, pU. paga, kAna Adi judA judA avayavone sparza karIne kare che, tyAre temAM je vivAda Ubhe thAya che, tevA prakArane vivAda tattvavicAranI bhUmikAe koI paNa tatva ke vastunA AMzika darzanathI thAya che ane emAMthI ekAMtavAde [One sided viewpoints] udabhava thAya che. paNa jema e badhA aMdhAne vivAda daSTA zamAvI zake che, ke je hAthInA pUrA rUpane joIne tenuM varNana teo samakSa karavA samartha che, tema anekAMtavAda paNa AMzika darzanathI thatA vivAdane, vastune prarUpe svIkArIne, zamAvI zake che. AthI anekAMtavAdamAM aneka virodhI matAne samAveza thaI jato haiI dekhIte virodha tyAM maLI jAya che. yazovijayajI prArthanA kare che ke " A bhavamAM ane parabhavamAM mArI mati anekAntane viSe rahe.' amRtacaMdrasUri paNa virodhane zamAvatA evA A anekAntane vaMdana kare che. 5 Comp. Whitehead A. N., It is both a process and a reality-The Free Prees, New York, 1969. 6 bahA'mutrA'pi syAnmama matiranekAntaviSaye / 7 ramAnArca ga***"tamAcAnsa | zrI amRtacandra sUrikata-puruSArthasiddhiApAtha svA 0 9 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. vI. rAvaLa anekAnta' zabdamAM "aneka" ane "aMta' evA be zabdo che. aneka eTale ekathI vadhAre, ghaNA, ane aMta eTale daSTibindu, dizA, apekSA, bAja.8 anekAnta e vAstavikatAnA sattAmUlaka-tAtvika-astitvaviSayaka svarU5nuM nAma che. saMpUrNa satya koI eka paMthamAM, koI eka vicAradhArAmAM, eka kALa ke sthaLanI paraMparAmAM kahI hetuM nathI. ene artha e nathI ke te te pakSa ke vicAra samagrapaNe jotAM ekAMgI jaNAya mATe te sAva khoTa ja hAya. amuka dRSTi pUrata e vicAra sAco paNa hoya, bIjI daSTie jotAM bIjo vicAra sAce lAge, eTale ke vicArasaraNI e viSenI AmAM sApekSa daSTi che. AnuM vyavahAramAM prApta thatuM pariNAma te bIjAnA mata pratye sahiSNutA che. A anekAntavAda gAMdhIjIne bahu priya che, teo lakhe che ke mane ekAntavAdI ke svAdavAdI mAnavAmAM Ave te bAdha nathI...huM jagatanA premane bhUkhe chuM. anekAntavAdanuM mULa ahiMsA ane satyanuM yugala che.' sAta aMdhajanoe hAthInuM sAta prakAre je varNana ApyuM te saMbaMdhamAM teo kahe che ke te badhA potapotAnI daSTie sAcA hatA, ekabIjAnI dRSTie khoTA hatA, ne jJAnanI daSTie sAcA tathA khoTA hatA. jaina paraMparAe sAmyadaSTi upara khUba bhAra mUke che. dA. ta. samatva dhAraNa karanAra zramaNane ja brAhmaNa kahIne zramaNa ane brAhmaNa vaccenuM aMtara dUra karavA prayatna karyo che. A sAmyadaSTi anekAntavAdanI bhUmikA che, ane temAMthI ja bhASApradhAna syAdavAda ane vicAra pradhAna nayavAdane kramaka vikAsa thayo che. anekAnta ane syAdavAda e bane zabdo atyAre sAmAnyataH eka ja arthamAM vaparAya che. anekAntavAda mATe pAribhASika zabda che syAdavAda, ' yAta' eTale kavAyata thaMnita, vArita arthAta keTaluMka eTale ke keTaluMka jANavA maLyuM che, paraMtu ghaNuM jANavAnuM bAkI che. anekAntavAda e siddhAMta che ane e siddhAMtane amalamAM mUkavAnI rIti, paddhati ke zailI te syAddavAda athavA saptanaya ke saptabhaMgI che. (A agAu ApaNe aMdhagajanyAyanuM udA. joyuM che). anekAnta e paNa ekAnta nathI, eTale ke anekAnta5Na che ane ekAnta paNa che. ane che. anekadharmAtmaka vastu e pramANane viSaya che ane eka aMza sahita vastu nayane viSaya che. 10 vastunA anaMta dharmomAMthI eka dharmanA jJAnane "nA" kahe che. umAsvAtijIe "sata'nI 8 ane sattA dhama carikana bhAve rogamAntaH 9 haribhadrasU2... ane kAna jayapatAkA. Ed. Kapadia H. R, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1940, Vol, I, 1947 (Vol. II), 10 anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANanayasAdhanaH anekAntaH pramANAta tadekAnto'pitApnayAt samantabhadra : svayaMbhUstotra, 07, anekAntAtmakaM vastugocaraH sarvasaMvidAm / ekadezaviziSTo'rtho nayasya viSayo mataH // . --Ed- Upadhye A. N.: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay, 1971. au: Ed. Dhruva A. B.,syAdavAdamajarI.....nIyate paricchidyate ekadeza viziSTo'rthaH anena iti mayaH / Bombay University, 1933. For Private and Personal Use Only

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jainadarzanano anekAtavAda-eka vicAravimarza 17 vyAkhyA ApatAM kahyuM che ke-je utpAda, vyaya ane dhovyayukta hoya tene "sat ' kahevAya. 11 ahIM vizvanI koIpaNa vastu yA padArthanI upani, vinAza ane sthiti mAnelI che. jema ke dravyArthika nayanI apekSAe vastu nitya che, jemAM dhrauvya aMza Ave che; ane paryAyArthika navanI apekSAe vatu anitya che, jemAM utpAda ane vyaya e bane aMze Ave che. Ama pramANuM ane nayane viSaya hovAthI anekAnta yAne anekadharmavALA padArtha paNa anekAntarUpa che. je ekane eTale samagra svarUpane jANe che, te tenAM badhAM aMga-upAMgone jANe che ane je vastunAM tamAma aMge -upAMgone jANe che te samagra vastusvarUpane jANe che.12 tathAgata buddha zAzvatavAda ane ucchedavAda baMnene tyajI madhyamamArgane upadeza Ape. sRSTanuM sarjana, AtmAnuM svarUpa, IzvaranuM astitva vagerene lagatA praznone temaNe avyAkRta kahyA. buddhane vibhajyavAda che. vibhajyavA mULa AdhAra vibhAga karI uttara Apo e che. be virodhI vastuone svIkAra eka sAmAnyamAM karI ane te ja ekane vibhAgI be vibhAgomAM be virodhI dharmone saMgata kahevA evo artha vibhajavavAdane phalita thAya che. lake bhagavAna mahAvIre paNa avyAkana praznonuM vyAkaraNa anekAMtavAdane Azraya laI karyuM che. bhagavAna mahAvIra ane gadhara gautama vacce thayelA praznottara enuM udAharaNa che. mahAvIre apekSAbhede lekane zAnta ane anaMta jaNAvyo che. AtmAne zarIrathI abhija kahyo che ane bhinna paNa kahyo che. zarIrane AtmAthI judu mAnavAmAM Ave che tyAre te rUpI ane acetana che, ane jyAre zarIrane AtmAthI abhinna mAnavAmAM Ave che tyAre te arUpI ane sacetana che. saptabhaMgI naya: jenadarzana tenI anekAntadaSTine anusarI sata tatvanA svarUpanuM nirUpaNa sAta prakAranAM vidhAne ke vikalpa dvArA kare che jene "saptabhaMgI naya' kahe che. ("bhaMga" eTale vastunuM svarUpa darzAvanAra vacananA prakAra athavA vAkayaracanA ane "naya" eTale vastunA eka aMzane je sparze che te aMzagrAho) saptabhaMgIne AdhAra nayavAda che ane enuM dhyeya samanvayanuM che badhI 11 utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat . . Ed. Jain J. h., tavArthasUtra : a 5, sUtra. 29 AMS Press, New York, 1974 12 eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTaH sarve bhAvA: sarvathA tena dRSTAH / sarve mAvA: sarvathA ghara sue: go mAra: savaMthA tena kute: || - punaratna..... nasamudATavA 13 Lord Mahavir answered the 411 questions with his fa54 method (Sce et la 1). The fa 454 method received a definite form in the hands of Mahavir and was finally transformed into the 373177917 of the Jains. (See 5. mAlavaNiyA ) Dr. B, K. Motilal writes-" . . . .in fact the fmaya method was a generic name forany non-dogmatic and exploratory approach to philosophic and metaphysical questions. It included both, analysis and synthesis, differentiation and integration (See : Motilal Bimal Krishna The Central philiosophy of Jainism )-L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1981, p. 22. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. vI. rAha sAcI daSTione tenA regya sthAnamAM gaThavI nyAya Apavo evI bhAvanAmAM sabhaMgInuM mULa raheluM che.14 vidhi pratiSedha Adi koipaNa vidhAna sAta prakAre apekSA catuSTayanI sAthe karavuM te. jene satatta (ke je anekarUpa ane anaMta dharmovALuM che)nA svarUpanuM nirUpaNa nIce jaNAvyA mujaba sAta prakAranA vidhA dvArA kare che : To some respect or from a maraNapathArIe paDelA kAI daradInA certain point of view saMbaMdhamAM pUchavAmAM Ave te vyAvahArika udAharaNa- (1) kathaMcita che......syAta asti ..... Is (1) tabiyata sArI che. (2) kathaMcita nathI.....svAta nAsti ...Is not . (2) tabiyata sArI nathI. (3) kathaMcita che ane nathI..sthAt ati nAsti... (3) kAlathI te sArI che, paNa Is and is not. evI sArI nathI ke AzA rAkhI zakAya. (4) kathaMcita avakatavya che......yAt avakatavya: (4) sArI che ke kharAba kaMi kahI Is unpredictable. zakAtuM nathI. (5) kathaMcita che ane avakatavya che. syAta asti ya (5) kAlathI te sArI che, chatAM 2493404: Is and is unpredictable kahI zakAtuM nathI ke zuM thaze ? (6) kathaMcita nathI ane avakatavya che. svAt nAsti ca (6) kAlathI te sArI nathI chatAM 24984: Is not and is unpredictable kahI zakAtuM nathI ke zuM thaze ? (9) kathaMcita che, nathI ane avakatavya che. syAta Ama to sArI nathI, paNa ati ca nAsta ya avakatavya : Is, is not kAla karatAM sArI che; chatAM and is unpredictable, kahI zakAtuM nathI ke zuM thaze? anekAntavAdanI AlocanA jenenI A anekAnta daSTinuM khaMDana paNa vidvAno dvArA thatuM AvyuM che. sUtrakAra bAdarAyaNa tathA bauddha dArzanikoe anekAntavAdanI kaTu AlocanA karI che. atanA brahmanA prabaLa prabhAva taLe De. rAdhAkRSNana anekAntavAdanI TIkA karatAM kahe che ke temAM eka ja guTa che ane te e ke temAM parama ( nirapekSa) tatva (Absolute )ne sthAna nathI. A TIkAne pratyuttara ApatAM zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kahe che ke anekAntamAM paramatatvane rathAna na hoya te tenuM duSaNa nathI paNa bhUSaNa che. aneka prakAranA Absolute tvarodha karavA mATe te anekAnavAdane janma thayo che ! vaLI e bhUlavuM na joIe ke advaita vedAnta mujabanA brahma AbsolutenI kapanAne jainoe pitAnA saMgrahanayamAM AMzika satya tarIke sthAna ApyuM ja che. jenadarzananA anekAntavAda para The. rAdhAkRSanane AkSepa te temanA advaita vedAntanA brahma viSenA pakSapAtane 14 praznavazAvekasmina vastunyavirodhena vidhipratiSedhakalpatayA syAtkArAGkitasaptadhA bAkaprabhedena syAdvAdapaddhatiH bhavati / For Private and Personal Use Only

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nadarzana ane tavAda eka vicAphavimaza laIne ja che.15 paM. sukhalAlajI gya ja kahe che ke A vAda tenI sAmenI TIkAthI to vadhu ujajavaLa banIne bahAra AvyuM che. ethI to anekAntadaSTine tarkabaddha vikAsa thayo che. udA. zrI rAmAnujAcArye zaMkarAcAryanA mAyAvAdanI kaTu AlocanA karI pitAnA matanuM sthApana karyuM che. temAM anekAnaMdaSTine upayoga che. puSTimArganA pravartaka zrImad valalabhAcArye paNa AdhAra bhale upaniSada tathA bhAgavatane lIdhe haiya, te paNa temanI samama vicArasaraNI anekAntavAdI rahI che 16 A vAdathI vyaktimAM bIjAnA dRSTibindune svIkAravAnI samaja ane sahanazakti Ave che. potAnA ja daSTibindunI satyatA mATe durAgraha jato rahe che. pariNAme, emAM ahamate, svArthane, mamatvane lopa thAya che. AthI krodha, lobha, IrSyA jevA durguNothI para rahI zakAya che. jIvanamAM ane samAjamAM saMvAditA ane sumeLa sAdhI zakAya che. vizvazAnti ane samAjakalyANanI bhAvanA temaja zAMtimaya sahaastitva mATe vartamAna pariprekSyamAM paNa bhagavAna mahAvIre prabodhela A vAda upakAraka thaI paDe tevo che. svAduvAdanI AlocanA : baddha dArzaniko tathA zAMkaradAntIe A matanI kaDaka AlocanA karI che, "svAta" eTale " kadAca" e laukika artha laI syAdavAdane vadavyAdhAta kahyo che. ("ati " ane nAsti " jevA pUrNa virAdhI guNo eka ja vastune viSe ekI samaye eka ja arthamAM lagADela che) bauddha neyAyika dharma kIrti te kahe che ke svAvAda eka mithyA pralA5 che. 17 bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSitanA mate svAdavAdamAM yathArtha ane anyathArtha, sarvadezI ane ekadezI, sata ane asata nuM mizra yu heI te asvIkArya che. 18 zaMkarAcArya te svAdavAdane koI dIvAnA maH sane bakavAsa kahe che. kumArika bhaTTa (mImAMsako kahe che ke A rIte to ApaNe sAtane badale19 aneka se jeTalA nava raju karI zakIe keTalAka vidvAnonuM te ema mAnavuM che ke saptabhaMgI nayanA prathama vAra naya e bauddha darzananA tema ja vedAntanA catuSkoTi nirNayanA khyAlanI asara taLe raju thayA che, mATe te maulikavAda nathI. pro. ema, hariyANA lakhe che ke jenatavajijJAsAnuM adhakacarA5NuM saptabhaMgInA siddhAMtamAM pratibibita thAya che; je aneka 15 mAlavaNiyA paM. dalasukhabhAI, jenadharmaciMtana mA. gurjara, amadAvAda, 1965 pR. 188, 16 5. sukhalAlajI, darzana ane ciMtana, bhA 2, 1950 17 saM. mAlavaNiyA paM. dalasukhabhAI, banArasa hindu yuni. 1959 18 tatvasaMgraha. 19 Ed. Shastri A. K,, ba, sU zAMkarabhASya II. 2-31, Nirnayasagar, Bombay, 1938. 20 saptabhaMgIprasAdena zatabhaMgyapi jAyate |-kumaaril, mImAMsA-zlokavArtika Ed. Tailanga R. S. Chowkhambha, Banaras, 1898, For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. vI. savaLa Azika abhiprAya yA vidhAnone eka sAthe goThavI tyAM ja aTakI jAya che, paraMtu te yogya samanvaya dvArA te badhAmAM rahela virodhane dUra karavA prayatna nathI karatA. jeTale aMze A siddhAMta A ekAMgI nirNaye yA vidhAna sAme lAla battI dhare che, teTale aMze te barAbara che, paNa aMte to te evA ekAMgI ukela karatAM kAMI khAsa vizeSa sucavata nathI. 21 pUrNa satya eTale mAtra sApekSa sane gANitika saravALe nahIM, paraMtu tethI vizeSa ane akhaMDa evuM paripUrNa satya. Do. candradhara zarmA lakhe che ke svAvAdanA A siddhAMta para jarUra zUnyavAdI bauddha darzana tathA advaita vedAntanA anirvacanIyatA vAdanI asara jaNAya che. je A vAdanA sthApana pAchaLa kAM te brahmavAda prAMta dveSabhAva darzAvavAno irAde jaNAya che, athavA to janasAmAnyamAM pravartita mAnyatAone apanAvI levAnI temAM IcchA rahelI che. vaLI sApekSa dRSTi nirapekSamAM ogaLI jatI hoya evAM vidhAno zuM jenomAM jovA nathI maLatAM? 3 syAdavAda sAmenI TIkAnA javAba : zrI harabhadrasUrIzvarajI kahe che ke satyane anyAya na thaI jAya ane asatyane Teko na maLI jAya, te khAtara syAdavAdInI madhyasthatA judI jAtanI che. "anya zAstrane viSe paNa karo gya nathI, paraMtu te je kahe che tenA viSayane yenapUrvaka zodhavo; tenuM paNa je kAMI saduvacana che te sadhaLuM pravacanathI-dvAdazAMgIthI, anya nathI-bhinna nathI.' 24 syAdavAdane keTalAka saMzayavAda ke saMdehavAda gaNa nakArI kADhe che; paraMtu hakIkatamAM te saMzayavAda nathI. svAt ' eTale 'kathaMcita " ke "kadAcita ' evA zabdaprayogo dvArA koI vidhAnanI asatyatA ke saMdidhatA Ambiguity ne baMdha thatuM nathI, paraMtu tenI sApekSatA tarapha saMketa che. 25 paristhiti tathA vicAra-prasaMga anusAra parAmarza avazya satya hoya che. ApaNe je vastunA be dharmo viSe mananI lAyamAne sthitimAM hoIe ane be mAMthI ekeya viSe nirNaya ApI zakatA na hoIe, to tene saMzayavAda kahevAya. 2 2 paraMtu jenee te be virodhI dharmonI apekSAbhede siddhi ja karI che, te pachI temAM saMzaya kayAM rahyo ? (udA. dravya dRSTie AmA nitya che, ane paryAya daSTie 21 Proceedings of the First Indian Philosophical Congress. 1925, Also sa:: Georg: Wllen and Unwin, Outlines of Indian Philosophy, London, 1956. 22 Sharna C. D., Nandkishore and Br:s-- Indian Pbilosophy, Banaras 1952, Page 62, 63, 8. 23 udA. ta. 3rapavitra siva:.......etc, siddhasena tivAra......cA. sarakhAve....DhInA vaividhyA.....etc.--rAyamaNignastotra-cho che 24 zrI Dizana-gAthA-13. 25 "syAt' iti avyayam anekAntadyotakam , tataH syAdvAdaH-anekAntavAda: nityAnityAdyanekadharmazabalaikavastvabhyupagama iti yAvat-hemacandra, siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, bRhadvatti-sUtra 2. --Ed. Sirkar D. C., Motilal Banarsidas, New Delhi, 1970 21 udA. ta. doraDamAM sarSanI brAnti ke aMdhArAmAM jhADanAM iMDAmAM mANasanI brAnti thavI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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jenadanane anekAntavAda-eka vicAravimarza 175 te anitya che.) ame mAtra rAgathI sva-eTale jaina Agamane Azraya ke mAtra dveSathI jainetara Agane tyAga karatA nathI, paraMtu madhyastha dRSTithI avalokana karI yathocita kahIe chIe. A daSTibindu dhyAnamAM rAkhyA vagara mAtra mUrkha loko ja AMzika temaja sApekSa dRSTikoNathI syAdavAdanI TIkA kare che ! UlaTuM ajJAnavAdanI bhUlabhUlAmaNImAMthI te saceTa mArga batAve che evuM ha. yAkobInuM kathana vAjabI che. zrI AnaMdazaMkarabhAI dhruvanA mate cAddavAda te aneka siddhAMta avalekIne temane samanvaya karavA khAtara pragaTa karavAmAM AvyuM che. syAdavAda ApaNI samakSa ekIkaraNanuM 27 daSTibiMdu upasthita kare che. AthI A mata upayogI temaja sArthaka che. rA. zrI na. de. mahetAnA mate paNa saptabhaMgI naya e kaMI saMzayajJAna nathI, e te satyanAM judAM judA svarUpanuM nidarzana karAvatI eka vicArasaraNI che, syAdvAda to badhAnAM mananuM samAdhAna kare che. vicArakalahane zamAvI vyaktigata dRSTiba-duonuM ekIkaraNa, saMjana, saMvAda ane saMkalana sthApavA Icche che. 28 It is a philosophy of synthesis and reconciliation, jainetara dazAnI svAduvAdI daSTi : jainadarzana sivAyanAM anya pAcanadarzanamAM paNa anekAnta-sthAvAdanI daSTi apanAvelI joI zakAya che. udA. Rgaveda (nAsadIya sUkta nI je prArthanA che ke e samaye sata paNa na hatuM ane asat paNa na hatuM -evA brahAnA varNanamAM svAda vAdI dRSTi jaNAya che. kaThopaniSadamAM-'te aNuthI 5NuM nAnuM che ane mahAnathI paNa mahAna che ' evA brahmanA varNanamAM sthA vadI daSTi jovA maLe che. IzAvAsya upaniSada paNa e brahmatatvanA saMbaMdhamAM kahe che ke te hAle che ane nathI hAlatuM, te dUra che ane najIka paNa che.' gItAnA sAdhanamArgamAM paNa kahyuM che ke saMnyAsa paNa kalyANakArI che ane karmayoga paNa kalyANakArI che. (tathA ja nAsane vidyate bhAva 11. 16 ) A uparAMta purANomAM paN (udA. brahmavaivarta purANa, zrIkRSNakhaMDa, adhyAya 43) brahma eka hovA chatAM tenA svarUpabhede saguNa ane nirguNa evA be prakAre gaNyA che. paheluM mAyA sahita che, ane bIja mAyA rahita che. viSNusahastranAmamAM paNa " anekarUpavALuM svarUpa jenuM che, evA samartha viSNune ' vaMdana karavAnI vAta che. manu smRtimAM kahyuM che ke-Arya AcAravALA anAryane ane anArya AcAravALA ane vicArIne brahmAe kahyuM ke e be sama paNa nathI ne asama paNa nathI-matalaba ke apekSAbhedathI e bane samAna paNa che ane asamAna paDyuM che, paraMtu ekAntapaNAthI te sama nathI temaja asama paNa nathI. (manu. adhyA. 10, leka-3), mahAbhAratamAM vyAsamuni jaNAve che ke-je vidvAna cetananI sAthe bhedabheda ane ekatvane dekhe che te dukhathI mukta thAya che. ( Avimeghika parva. 27 "ApaNe dhama ' graMthamAM ' jaina ane brAhmaNa' zIrSakavALo lekha, makA. Ara. Ara. zeThanI kuM, muMbaI, trIjI AvRti, 863. RC si E1243201 : History of Indian Philosophy Vol. I, Cambridge Uni. Press, 1922, p. 179. tathA Motilal B. K. : The Central Philosophy of Jainism, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1981, p. 24. tathA matA na de. Di' taravajJAna che. te hA sa [vo], guY. to e sA , amada: vAda, 124, 5. 21-219, , , For Private and Personal Use Only

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sI. vI. rAvaLa anugItA ga-35, ka-17) maharSi pataMjalie paNa (svaracita) mahAbhASyamAM dravyanI nityatA ane paryAyanI anityatA (suvaNuM piMDa, ane temAMthI caka ane kamAMthI kaTaka - kaDuM ane punaH temAMthI suvarNa piMDa bane che) apekSAbhedathI jaNAvI che. vaiyAkaraNa kesarI kevaTa paNa jaNAve che ke " AkArasahita chatAM nirAkAra, atIndriya chatAM vizvane pratyakSa, sat chatAM asata, mAyAthI AvRtta jIvone adazya chatAM jJAnacakSuthI dazya, tathA aja (nitya) ane vibhu-nArAyanuM svarUpI sarva vidyAnA dAtA evA paramAtmAne praNAma ' ahIM Apane eka ja vastumAM rahelA aneka dharmonuM pratipAdana karyuM che. yAyiko paNa eka padArthamAM niyatva ane anitva evA be viruddha dharmone svIkAra kare che. sAMkhyakAre paNa prakRtimAM prasAda, saMta, ane devuM vagere aneka viruddha dharmo svIkAre che, AthI parokSarIte teo paNa syAdavAda svIkAratA jaNAya che. zeSiko paNa ghaDAne dravyarUpe nitya mAne che ane paryAyarUpe anatya mAne che. mImAMsako paNa pramAtA, kamati ane prameyanuM jJAna eka ja mAne che. vedAMtIo paNa phaTastha nitya AtmAne jAgrata, svAna ane suptinI avasthA prApta thAya che ema mAne che. AthI te che paNa zu anekA-navAdane Azraya nathI letA ? upasaMhAra : . rAdhAkRSNana kahe che ke jagata Aje be paraspara virodhI vicArasaraNIomAM aTavAI gayuM che ane baMne pakSa potapotAnA AtyaMtika dRSTibinduo tyajI de nahIM ane vinamratA tathA sahapaNutAthI ekabIjAne samajavAno prayAsa kare nahIM, tyAM sudhI e kheMcatANa ane saMdharSane aMta Avaze nahIM; te mATe anekAntavAda-svAdavAdane siddhAMta paNe upayogI che. jagatanI dareka vastu dhaNA dhaNu guNadharmovALI hovAthI tene je eka ja guNadharma lakSamAM laI tenuM haThAgrahapUrvaka pratipAdana karavAmAM Ave ne tene ja pUrNa satya mAnI levAmAM Ave tyAre matAgraho UbhA thAya che, satyanA eka aMzane saMpUrNa satya mAnI levAthI boddhika athavA mAnasika bhUmikAe hiMsA utpanna thAya che, ane tenuM pariNAma kAyika hiMsAmAM ja Ave che. pahelA zabda-vyApAra mATe ja ahiMsAnI sArvabhoma pratiSThA karavA mATe tenA mULamAM anekAntadaSTi pAyArUpe rahelI che. anekAntane svIkAra karyA vagara ApaNe sata Realityne samajAvI zakIe nahIM; vaLI anekAntane jo na mAnIne te pachI sukha ane du:kha, karma ane phaLa, baMdha ane mokSa, zubha ane azubha, astitva ane astitva, eka ane aneka, sthiratA ane parivartana, sarvadezI ane ekadezI vagere sarva kAMI azakaya banI jAya. AthI virodhIo je jagatane nAza karavA beThA che tene mAtra jene ja sAcavI zake tema che. paraMtu A kArya saheluM nathI. 29 naikAntavAde sukhaduHkhabhogau na puNyapApe na ca bandhamokSau / durnItivAdavyasanAsinaiva praifhApta nagoSamu -- hendrasUri... ***macatha. 27, tathA hemacandrAcArya, " vItarAgastetra', 1-8, bleka 2-3, tathA- puNyapApakriyA na syAt pretyabhAvaphalaM kutH| baMdhamokSau ca teSAM na yeSAM tvaM nAsi nAyaka: // --samatama....sAptamamatA III-40 --Ed, Jain J. L., Sanatana sain Granthmala, Banares, 1914. For Private and Personal Use Only

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ja darzanano anekAnAvAda-eka vicAravimarza je ke siddhAMta svarUpe anekAnta amara ja che, paraMtu vyavahAramAM palaTAyA bAda A anekAntane jIvaMta rAkhavA zuM karavuM jarUrI che te joIe. emAM bimArIo na praveze e jovuM. ene mRtaprAya na thavA de hoya te anya dhame tathA tenA graMthone AvakAravA, temAMthI je sAruM lAge te grahaNa karavuM. satyAsatyane viveka jALavavo. koI nA siddhAMta ke navo vicAra hoya te tene svIkArI te pacAvavA taiyAra thavuM. kriyAkAMDane bojo ocho karavo. vivekahIna na banavuM. mithyAbhimAna tyajI udAraSTi dAkhavavI. pragativirodhaka banavAmAM paMDitAI nathI. sarvadharma prati samabhAvanI vAtane dhRNAthI nahIM jotAM tenA tarapha mamabhAva dAkhavI anekAnta dRSTine khaMDita na thavA devI.31 ApaNuM eTale ke jainadharmanA saMpradAya ane peTAsaMpradAyamAM samanvaya sAdhI zakAya te mATe udArabhAve citana karavuM. jainadharma niyativAdI nathI, paNa puruSArthavAdI che. mahAvIra svAmI pote paNa eka krAntikArI sudhAraka hatA, temane mArga paNa kaMTakachA hatA. temanA anuyAyIo evA ApaNe (jene) dharmanA nAme je adharma AcarAto hoya te hiMmatathI tene sAmane karavA taiyAra rahevuM joIe. paraMtu sAce jijJAsu ane niSpakSa vicAraka ja A kArya karI zake. tattvavidyAnA kSetramAM ApaNuM pUrvajonAM kathananuM mUlyAMkana karavA mATe daSTibinduonuM pUrNa avalokana jarUrI che. vicAronI lagabhaga badhI jaTilatA ane bhinnadharmanA anuyAyIo vaccenI duzmanAvaTa tathA dharma pra tha pratyenI aMdhazraddhA syAdavAdanI kasoTI karatAM aTakI jAya che. pariNAme vicArInI daDhatA keLavAya che. satya koI sAMpradAyika dharmanI maryAdAmAM baMdhAtuM aTakI jAya che ane sAdhakane tethI bauddhika sahimaNutAne guNa prApta thAya che. buddhie dAsatva svIkAravuM nathI, tema ahaMkArane poSavAne paNa nathI; te ja AtmazuddhinA mArge AgaLa jaI zakAya. sAdhu ene kahevAya ke je samAja pAsethI ochAmAM ochuM laI vadhumAM vadhu tene parata Ape. AvA sAdhunA sAcA sevaka banIe. nAma nahIM, guNanI pUjA karIe; parivartanane pAMgaravA daIe te anekAnta jIvaMta che ane raheze.32 30 syAdavAdAya namastasmai yaM vinA sakalAH kriyAH / lokadvitayabhAvintho, naiva sAGgatyamAsate // - 31 ciraMtana vicArakoe kahyuM che ke--: zrotavyaH saugato dharmaH kartavyaH punraahtH| vaidiko vyavahataMvyo dhyAtavyaH paramaH zivaH // 32 darzAvya svamukhe jinendravibhue, athe karI premathI, - e zrutakevalI gaNudhare, sUtre ghaNA bhAvathI, sthApe zAnti apUrva e jagatamAM, tarave karI pUrNa e, ne che vaMtha sadA ajeya jagamAM, syAdvAda siddhAMta e. -paMnyAsa mahArAja zrI suzIlavijayajI gaNivaryA, "syAvAdanI sarvotkRSTatA ? pra. zeTha je. ke. TrasTa, amadAvAda 1961 5. 12. svA 10 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI sayAjI sAhityamALA 340 gujarAta sthaLanAma saMsada vyAkhyAnamAlA, bhAga 1 (1965) 9=00 34ra kudaratanI rIte vadhu Aregya-zrI. zAMtilAla pra. purohita (1967) 7=50 343 bhArata-patna-zrI. upendrarAya ja. sAMDesarA (1967) 15=50 346 peTroliyama-zrI padmakAnta 2. zAha (1970). 13=00 347 paMcadazI tAtpaya- svAmI praNavatIrthajI (1971), 6000 348 a ane madhyakAlIna saMtaparaMparA-(sva.) De. ke. ja. tripAThI 14=50 349 zrImad bhAgavata: bhAga 2-(sva.) nAgaradAsa a. paMDyA (1972) 11=50 350 carakanA svAdhyAya, bhAga 1-(rU.) . bApAlAla ga. vaidya (1973) 26=00 351 gujarAtane paeNTarI udyoga-zrI. zAMtilAla pI. purohita (1975) 8=75 3para UMDANano tAga-zrI choTubhAI suthAra (1975) 15=00 353 bhAratIya vINA--(sva.) pro. rasikalAla ema. paMDyA (1978) 31=00 354 carakane svAdhyAya, bhAga 2-(sva.) De. bApAlAla ga. vaidya (1979) 96=00 355 cAMpAnera: eka adhyayana . ramaNalAla nA. mahetA (1980) 36400 356 dvArakAnA pradezane sAMskRtika itihAsa-(sva.) zrI ka. na. joSI 44=00 357 Adhunika gujarAtanA saMto, bhAga 2-. kezavalAla Thakkara (1979) 45=00 358 sUyazakti-zrI. padrakAnta ra. zAha (1981) 550 359 kavi giradhara : jIvana ane kavana-De. devadatta jezI 51=00 360 vanauSadhi keza-pra. ke. kA. zAstrI 3575 361 sahastraliMga ane rakamahAlaya (sva.) zrI kanaiyAlAla bhA. dave 79=00 362 vaiSNavatIrtha DAke-(sva.) De. maMjulAla 2. majamuMdAra 48=00 361 vRddhatrayI ane laghutracI-(sva.) De. bApAlAla ga. vaidya 33=00 363 vaDodarA eka adhyayana-De. Ara. ena. mahetA 44=00 364 mahArAjA sayAjIrAva trIjA-(sva.) pro. hasita bUya 49=00 365 nAbhAjIta bhaktamAlanA aitihAsika bhakato-eka adhyayanazrI mULazaMkara hi. kevalIyA 44=0 0 366 lasara--zrI. padmakAnta 2. zAha 48=00 368 arvAcIna saMskRta sAhityano ItihAsa-(anu.) e. je. rAvala ane vI. esa. lele 188=00 369 maMjUla vimaza-zrI je. pI. ThAkara 236=00 370 prANavahasrotanA rogo : zvAsa-dama-vaidya maNibhAI brahmabhaTTa 17=00 371 vaDodarAnAM maMdiro-ku. maMjulA ema. sonI 68=00 317 AhAravijJAna-(punaH mudraNa) De. jayazaMkara dha. pAThaka ane ( sva.) anaMtarAya ma. rAvaLa (1991) 60=00 372 lekanATaya bhavAI : svarUpa-Do. kRSNakAnta kaDakiyA 193=00 373 zrImad upendrAcAryajI-DaoN. lavakumAra desAI 195=00 prAptisthAnaH yunivarsiTI pustakavecANa vibhAga, janarala ejayukezana senTara, pratA5maja, vaDodarA-390 002 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jya" (pA. 1/3/3) sUtranI dvirAvRtti ane paMDitarAja jagannAtha kamalezakumAra cha cAkasI pANinIya aSTAdhyAyInA isaMjJA prakaraNamAMnuM eka sUtra che: sutrApU . ene padaccheda che : 4 (prathama, ekavacana ) mAm (prathamA, ekavacana ). uparanAM sutromAMthI (arthAt 3snanarfja 7 pA. /3/2 thI) ahIM karo ane $ta e be padonI anuvRtti Ave che. Ama A sUtrane artha thAya che : * upadezamAM AvelA anya davA nI IsaMjJA che. " have, "nA nA saMjJA sA sA kAvatI" (je je saMjJA che, te te phaLavatI eTale ke phaLa ApanArI che) e nyAye A saMjJAnuM phaLa zuM che, te tapAsavuM joIe pANinie je rIte temanA A vyAkaraNazAstranI vyavasthA goThavI che, te rIte jotAM A isaMjJAnA be phaLa prApta thAya che. (1) jenI IsaMjJA thAya che, tene lepa thAya che, ane jene lepa thAya che. tenuM pradarzana thAya che. arthAta pA. vyAnI tatragata vyavasthA mujaba (pA. 1/3/3)-tasya no: (pA. 1/3/9)-ane ro: (pA.1/1/60) ema judAM judAM traNa sUtronI ekavAkyatA sAdhI, IsaMsaka vane uccAraNa/lekhanamAMthI bAda karI devAmAM Ave che. dA. ta. >zo e dhAtu. dhAtupAipa upadezamAM paNa rAyane evo eka dhAtu che. temAM anya dRna = 4, A sunatyam aa vAcAya', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, 5. 179-194. * tA.11/9 Disembara, 191mAM amadAvAda khAte saMskRta vibhAga, bhASA sAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI dvArA Ayojita "paMDitaja jamanAtha'' viSayaka rAjyakakSAnA parisaMvAda mAM prastuta lekha. * saMsakRta vibhAga, bhASA-sAhitya bhavana, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda-9, 1 pANinIya vyAkaraNamAM upadezAnI gaNatarI A mujaba karavAmAM AvI che. dhAtu-sUtra-gaNoNAdi-vAkyaliGgAnuzAsanam / kAma-kacAzA 35: sIfsatA: I. arthAta dhAtupATha, sUtrapATha, gaNapATha, udisUtro, vAcakavAti ko, Agama, pratya ane A -e badhAne upadeza kahevAmAM AvyA che. juo : saM. mizra murAdhara; prakriyAnavI, mAga 2, prabha0 tapUnaH , vi. vi., vALa, sana. 177 . 22. For Private and Personal Use Only

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kamalezakumAra che. cekasI sUtra sUtra dvArA saMjJA pAmatA hoI, tenA phaLa svarUpe, te (6) ne lopa thatAM ane to mujaba adarzana pAme che ane dhAtu tarIke * kI' rUpamAM rahe che. A phaLa ApanArI saMjJA karanArAM kula cha sUtra aSTAdhyAyImAM che. je (2) hanIm | sUtra dvArA rAkhavAmAM AvatI rUtu saMjJAnuM bIju phaLa sAhityena satA . (pA. 1/1/70)-e sUtra dvArA isaMjJaka varNane lIdhe amuka varNonI amuka saMjJAopratyAhAra siddha thAya che, te che. arthAta Dyunnaracan......sAhirana satA ! ema be sUtronI ekavAkyatA sAdhI (mAhezvara sUtromAM AvelA anya evA saMjJaka varNanI sAthe (uccAraNa pAmIne) e benI vacce AvatA varNonI ane potAnI saMjJA banI zake che. A saMjJAne pratyAhAra tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che. udAharaNa tarIka-ajn -e mAhezvara sUtromAMne varNa, aSTAdhyAyIrUpa upadezamAM attama n hAIne A sUtra dvArA saMzaka bane che. have, A I-saMjJaka nI sAthe mA ! sUtramAMnI A vaNe AdimAM joDAIne ava e rUpamAM bannenI vacce AvatA 6, 3, 4 ane na tathA AdimAM uccarita evA nI potAnI paNa saMtA bane che.* 2 aSTAdhyAyImAM IsaMjJA karanArAM sUtro adhyAya-1, pAda-3mAM A mujaba che. 3paheronanunAsika Duta | 2 | phu nyama che re re ! AdijiTuDavaH / / 5 / / g: Ryayastha : 6 1. naravatarita | 8 || ke trita mAhezvara sUtro uparAnta pratyaya vageremAM AvatAM IsaphAka varNanI sAthe paNuM pratyAhAra bane che. dA. ta. ti, ku, taNuM vagere.. 4 be ke bethI vadhAre mAhezvara (mA.) sUtronA sajanathI pratyAhAra banato hoya, tyAM mA. sUtrone antima IsaMjJaka vaNuM te pratyAhAramAM gRhIta thato nathI. eTale ke mA. sumAMnA saMjJaka varSonI majU, hu vagere saMjJAo thatI nathI. A mATenA kAraNe ApatI eka kArikA A mujaba che. pratyAhAre'nubandhAnA kathamajgrahaNeSu na / AcArAdapradhAnatvAt lopazca balavattaraH / / arthAta pratyAhAramAM anubandha eTale ke IsuMzaka vargonuM grahaNa kema nathI thatuM ? e praznane javAba 1) AcAryanA vyavahArane lIdhe, (2) apradhAna hovAthI ane ( 3) te anubajone le pavidhi baLavAna hoIne (sau prathama te vidhi thato hovAthI)-e traNa kAraNe darzAvIne ApavAmAM Avyo che. juo : saM. fzva madhupuranazsA, mAmarSyam (vastharrrrDham) | v. nA vighAmayana) vArANasI, dvitIyasaMdara, sana 278; 1. 278. For Private and Personal Use Only

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hA (5, 1/3/5) sUtranI hirAtti ane 5DitarAja jamanAtha A rIte sunAmu e sUtra dvArA karavAmAM AvatI I-saMjJAnA-judAM judAM sUtronI sAthe ekavAkayatA ne-judAM judAM be phaLa prApta thAya che. Ama tram | sUtra je vyavasthA Ape che, tenI A sIdhI sAdI vyAkhyA/samaja che. A samajanI pRSThabhUmi upara pANinIya vyAkaraNa paraMparAnA AcAryoe pote ja keTalAka vicAraNIya muddAo ubhA karyA che. temAM pUrvapakSanI sthApanA karI enA samAdhAna mATe kavAyata eka, te kavacita ekAdhika upAyo sUcavavAmAM AvyA che. e badhAnI vAta ahIM abhipreta nathI, paNa Avo ja eka vicAraNIya muddo prastuta sUtramAM AvatA itaretarAzrayadeSane che. ahIM UbhA thatAM itaretarAzraya ke anyAzrayadaSane samajAvatAM " siddhAntakaumudI nI bAlamaneramAM TIkAnA kartA vAsudeva dIkSita jaNAve che te pramANeja Tram e sUtramAM AvatA na padane artha samajAya, e pachI ja A sUtranI pravRtti karI zakAze. have jo dur padane artha samajavo hoya te mAhezvara sUtromAMnA DelA hat sUtramAMnA s nI saMjJA thAya, e pachI Adityena hatA. sUtra dvArA TU ne, yava nA "Dha" thI laI nA "" sudhInA vanI saMjJAnA rUpamAM jANI zakAze. arthAta ne artha samajavo hoya, te e pratyAhAra sUtramAMnA nI dunatyam ! sUtrathI isaMjJA karavI jarUrI banaze. A jarUrI evI saMjJA sAdhavA mATe vacam | sutranI pravRtti karavI paDaze. have, upara kahyuM tema A sUtranI tyAre ja pravRti karI zakAze ke jayAre nAriyena rahetA | sUtra dvArA hajU e padane pratyAhAra ke saMjJAnA rUpamAM artha prApta thAya/samajAya.-Ama Tunatyam ! ane mArina satA e be sutro paraspara sApekSa heIne, anyAzrayane lIdhe dRram | sUtranA arthane baMdha thaI zakaze nahIM. eTale ke dRDham sUtrane artha karavA jaIe, te tyAM itaretarAyadeSa Avaze. zAstramAM itaretarAya kA calAvI levAtAM na hovAthI ja A devanA nivAraNa mATe pANinIya paraMparAmAM dhaNa lAMbA samayathI vicAraNA thatI AvI che jema ke : 5 tat 'halantyam' ca sUtraM ca halpadArthAvagamosarameva pravRttimarhati / halsajA ca haliti sUtre lakArasya itsajJAyAM satyAm " Adirantyena sahetA" iti sUtreNa vAcyA / haliti sUtre lakArasya itsajJA ca " halantyam" iti sUtreNa vaacyaa| evaM ca haliti sUtre lakArasya itsajJAyAM satyAm ' Adirantyena' iti halsazAsiddhau "halantyam" iti suutrprvRttiH| " halantyam" iti sUtreNa halsUtre lakArasya itsaMjJAyAm "Adirantyena sahetA" iti halsajJAsiddhiH -tyed "dattAmu", "marispena ' navo varasAhAtrena anyonyAzrayAvizeSaH " --, vAya ropAttatta, vAmanoramA (prathamo mA:),-. kumAra kAna, vArANasI; san 1990, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR. 8. 6 ke tarata jatharfja ra vAcchaffja 1 pravarte che --magrmAdhyam 2/1/2 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kamalezakumA2 che. zekasI vAtikakAra kAtyAyana sutrakAra pachI bIjA krame AvatA vArtikakAra kAtyAyane A Akheya muddo potAnI rIte 2jU karyo che. teo pUrvapakSa raju karatAM kahe che : lakArasyAnusandhAjJApitatvAddhalagrahaNAprasiddhiH / arthAt (sUtrakAra pANinie potAnA vyAkaraNazAstramAM haju sudhI) r ne anubandhanAt rUpamAM jJApita karyo na haiI, ( enI sAthe AdimAM ucarita thaIne banatA ) 8 (pratyAhAra thakI madhyavatI va)nI prasiddhi thaI zakaze nahIM. eTale je dRA vaDe hRyavara satramAMnA TTa thI laI e sUtramAMnA jhU sudhInA madhyavata vargonI prasiddha karavI hoya, te prathama tra ne anubandha jAhera karI de jaI e. Ama vArtikakAre eka rIte te IsaMjJA ane pratyAhAra e bannenA itaretarAzrayatvane manamAM rAkhIne A pUrvapakSa bhabha karyo che. e pachIna pratyAhAranI prasiddhi karavA mATenA be upAyo sUcavyA che. (1) liTuM tu tAralaeNiAtA ane (2) pu nierA | pahelA sUcana tarIke teo sunnaram sUtramAM ja kArane nirdeza karavAnuM kahe che. emanA vacanane bhASyakAre samajAvyuM che tema dRnatyam | sUtramAM jUne paNa nirdeza karI daIzuM. arthAta sUnI IsaMjJA uparAMta ta nI paNa isaMjJA thAya che, e rItanuM vacana kahIzuM. Ama have nI IsaMjJaka tarIke prasiddhi thaI jatAM dRnI aprasiddhi raheze nahIM'.10 7 halantyam / pA. 1/3/3 sUtrasya mahAbhASye paThitam vArtikam // 8 anuSa eTale Ilsa brA ane taskUla 5. * sarakhA : "tarati tarAja anya "-- /2/3 thI; . 121. saM. zarmA zivadatta vyAkaraNamahAbhASyam (pradIpa-udyotasahitam); dvitIyakhaNDam , nirNayasAgara presa, ; sana-263 vA. 2/3/2 mATe ame A lekhamAM sarvatra Ane ja prayoga karyo che. - 20 miDhametatva | thama? nAranirve: taiya: A dunardhAmAM mati, "nA" tti thavasatha6 -bhAgakAranA A sthananuM arthaghaTana kacaTa A mujaba kare che? - pUrva lakArasyetsaMjJA vidheyA tena haliti pratyAhAra upapadyate / tatra hala cala ceti samaigTu yA "raMthaTFca nor: (T. 8/2/23) Tuti tAro re " --kacaTanA A arthadhaTana sAme nAgeze vAdhe lIdhe che, ane ene A zabdomAM citya batAvyuM che-----" evaM ca bhASye kartavyapadaM vyAkhyeyaparamiti bhaavH| vastuto bhASye kartavyapadaM yathAzrutameva / dag fjanyaH II -nAgezanA mata mujaba bhASya paMktione Azaya Ama che : -nirdeza uccAraNam / na tu luptanirdiSTa ityuktam / etena halantyam l iti prazlaSaH ||-p. 130. For Private and Personal Use Only

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"45m " (pA, 1/3) sutranI dvivatta ane paDatarAja jamanAtha e pachI athavA tarIke vArtikakAre bIjo upAya ekazeSane nirdeza mAnIne sUcavyo che. vArtikakAranA A vacanane paNa bhASyakAre spaSTa karyuM che. bhASyakAra jaNAve che tema sUtram | sUtramAM AvelA Dhan padamAM sUtra rUti suna ema eka zeSane nirdeza mAnIzuM. te paikInA prathama dRnA nirdeza uparathI mAhezvara sUtramAMnA sUtramAM AvelA anya varNanI IsaMjJA thatAM nuM pratyAhAra siddha thaI jaze. A rIte paNa ahIM koI doSa raheze nahIM. 11 Ama vAtikakAre itaretarAzrayane nahIM paNa dura e pratyAhAra ke saMjJAnI aprasiddha darzAvatA je pote ja khaDA karelA pUrva pakSane be upAyo sucavIne parihAra karI dIdhuM che. bhASyakAra pataMjali kAtyAyananA uparyukta vAtikonA saMdarbhamAM pitAne vicAra vyakta karavA uparAMta bhASyakAre pote paNa bIjA be upAyAtrAnI kalapanA karI che. emanA ja zabdomAM joIe te -- (ka) athavA lakArasyaivedaM guNabhUtasya grahaNam / tatra "upadeze'janunAsika ita" itItsajJA bhaviSyati // (ba) athavA AcAryapravRttipiyati-bhavati lakArasya itsaMjJeti yadayaM Narla litaM karoti // arthAta Tun ! e mAhezvara sUtramAM (mAt : pA. 6/1/87 sUtra mujaba guNa thatAM ) = Dha ema 7 e svaranA ja guNabhUta (dugar--ema)nuM grahaNa che. ethI jU nI 3pasganunAsika sUtA pA. 1/4/(artha :-upadezamAM anunAsika evA an nI IsaMjJA thAya che. } sUtrathI IsaMjJA karIne stra pratyAhAranI prasiddha thaI zakaze. athavA sUtrakAre pratyayane trita karyo che, tethI ema samajAya che ke temane ja mAM ra nI Insa zo abhipreta che. AcAryanI A pravRtti ke vyavahAra uparathI ApaNe jANI laIzuM ke duna -e mA. sUtramAM nI IsaMjJA thAya che. Ama vAtikakAre pite UbhA karelA nI aprasiddhirUpa dezanA parivAra mATe vArtikakAre che ane bhASyakAre be-ema kula cAra upAyo sUcavAyA che. 11 athavA ekazeSanirdezo'yam / hala ca hal ca hala, halantyam itsaMjJa bhavatIti // yaTa bhASyakAranA A vacanone Azaya samajAvatAM kahe che ke -"hasya la hala / hal ityeka SaSThItatpuruSaH / dvitIyaH pratyAhAraH / napuMsakamanapuMsakeneti caikazeSaH / ekasya pulliGgatvAditarasya napuMsakatvAt // " ahIM kaicaTanA A Azacane nAgeza pharI citya batAve che. e mATenA kAraNo batAvI nAgeza kahe che ke -'vastuta idaM cintyam / evamarthasyeSTatve tatpuruSentyapadAsambandhena halitsaMjJaM halantyaM cetsajJamiti vadet , pUrvavat / tasmAdvAkyadvayamapyantyapaghaTitam , dvandvAnte zrUyamANasyaiva pratyeka sambandhAt / tamocanamocAraNaM nAya iti inapUtrAnsyamantyaM va halidityeva bhaabhaarthH||"-p.130. For Private and Personal Use Only

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kamalezakumAra cha. cekasI kozikAkA vAmana ane jayAditya : A pachI pANinIya paraMparAmAM kramika rIte AgaLa vadhatAM vAmana-jayAdityanI saMyuktakRti kAzikAvRttine krama Ave che. ahIM e dhyAna rAkhavuM yogya che ke kAzikAranI samakSa, pANini vyAkaraNasUtro, vArtiko ane mahAbhASyane sAme rAkhI lakhAyela bhartuharine prasiddha prastha vAkyapadIya paNa hAjara che. temAMthI pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte pA. vyA. para. preraNA meLavatI rahI che. kAzikAkAre prastuta sandarbhamAM paNa vAkyapadIya pAsethI preraNuM lIdhI che. saMbhavataH AthI ja je upAya vArtikakAre ekazeSane nirdeza mAnI laIne sUcavyuM che, te ja prakArane upAya kAzikAkAra tanna thakI mAnavAnuM kahe che. alabatta, bhASyanA TIkAkAra nAgeza vArtikakAra-bhASyakAre batAvelA eka zeSane Azaya "tatra" che; ema samajavAnuM bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che. 13 kAzikAkAra jaNAve che tema hRjyam sUtramAM (eka Tu pada to che ja, e uparAnta) eka bIjA dRr padanuM tana thakI grahaNa joI levAnuM che. vaLI, A vadhArAnA haste artha dRzya r = zUn (SaSThI tapuruSa) ema levAnuM paNa kAzikAkAra sUcave che. AthI have, pratyAhAra pATha eTale ke pratyAhAra sUtromAMnA aa e caudamA sUtramAMnA na nI saMjJA thatAM, e IsaMjJaka vaNuM potAnI AdimAM AvelA Tu nI sAthe uccarita thaIne TuM svarUpa saMjJA/pratyAhAra banI zakaze. Ama, A prakriyA mujaba taiyAra thayela na e have bIjo je na zabda raheze, tene mAnIzuM. Ama itaretarAzraya doSa Avaze nahIM. kAzikAkAranA uparyukta kathanamAM paraMparAthI cAlI AvatI vicAraNAnI apekSAe eka bAbata noMdhapAtra che. vArtakakAra-bhASyakAra TyUna 2 Tu 2 = hRNa ema ekazeSanI madadathI be s zabdo mAnI levA jaNAve che; jayAre kAzikAkAra ekazeSanI madadathI nahIM, paNa tatranI madadathI sUnAm sUtramAMnA nI dhirAvRtti mAnavAne Agraha seve che, tatra zabdano artha : upara joyuM tema kAzikAkAra ahIM UbhA thayelA itaretarAzrayadeSane parihAra tatra dvArA sUcave che. tanyane Azaya samajAvatAM kAzikA uparanI nyAsaTIkAmAM jinendrabuddhi jaNAve che tema je eka ja zabda potAnI judI judI AvRtti karyA vinA paNa anekane upakAra kare, te tatra kahevAya, jema suprajavalita eka ja dIpaka aneka chAtrone upakAra kare che. 12 "hasya l-haliti dvitIyamatra halgrahaNaM tantreNopAttaM draSTavyam / tena pratyAhArapAThe halityatra lakArasya itsaMjJA kriyte| tathA ca sati halantyamityatra pratyAhAre netaretarAzrayadoSo mata !--8. davAnI tAralAyA; vAvRtti: (mAja 2), prAthamIrasIkarAnaY, vArANasI. sana 1; 6. 266-227. 13 ekazeSazabdena ca bhASye tantra lakSyate / anyathA saha-vivakSAbhAvAdekazeSaH zAstrIyo na raviti koNam -3ota; 1. 20. For Private and Personal Use Only

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"ra " (51/33) sutranI uttaravRtti ane paMDitaja jamanAtha 185 zAbdikomAM pracalita evo A artha ApyA pachI nyAsakAra vadhumAM jaNAve che ke ahIM tatra zabdathI " prayatna vizeSa' vivakSita che. A prayatna vizeSa eTale ja bIjA sunna padanuM prahaNa samajI levuM te. jema " eto ghAti"mAM eka ja prayatna vaDe-bhA. data: ghAvati (kutare ahIthI doDe che ) ane cetI jAti (ghaLA jAya che) ema (jarUra jaNAya te)be vAkayonuM uccAraNa thAya che, tema ahIM paNa eka ja prayatna vaDe-tra= (-mAhezvara sUtra) ane hRt (-pratyAhAra) ema be TunanuM uccAraNa mAnI laI zuM.14 Ama 'suna 4 suna ra" ema eka zeSano nirdeza mAnIne doSane parihAra karavAnI je vAta vArtikakAre kahI che. lagabhaga tevI ja vAta ahIM kAzikAkAre kahI che. bannenI prakriyA eka jevI dekhAtI hovA chatAM bannenI prakriyAonA nimitto judAM judAM che. tanna thakI sucavAyelA samAdhAnamAM ane pada-AvRti thakI sucavAyelA samAdhAnamAM pharaka e jaNAya che ke tene thakI meLavAtA be zUnna padonuM judI judI be vAra uccAraNa karavAnuM rahetuM nathI. je samaye je Tram (sUtra athavA pratyAhAra )nuM prayojana hoya, te samaye uccarita varNavanithI te ne artha samajI levAno heya che, jevuM ke thato ghAvati . vAkyanA sandarbhamAM ApaNe joI gayA chIe. jyAre padAvRtti ke ekazeSamAM te hR padanuM be vAra judI judI rIte uccAraNa karavAnuM rahe che. pAchaLathI jyAre ekazeSa sadhAya che, tyAre pharI pAchuM eka ja zabdanuM uccAraNa karavAmAM Ave che. padAti ke ekazeSa mAnavAnA pakSamAM saMbhavita doSa A pramANe lAge che, pANinie sapanAma thAva ghamitau . pa. 1-2-64 e sUtra dvArA samAnarUpavALA zabdane eka vibhakti hoya tyAre, e kazeSa karavAnuM jaNAvyuM che. have samAnarUpavALA zabda, eka ja arthanA vAcaka na hoya, te paNa A ekazeSa thaI zake kharo ? e prazna thatAM kAtyAyane eka vArtika rahyuM che : " nAnA nAnA nAnAm 15 arthAta judA judA arthavALA sarUpa zabdone paNa ekazeSa thAya che: je pakSamAM A vArtika nathI, e pakSamAM judA judA arthavALA be sarU5 zabdone ekazeSa thaI zakaze nahIM. A pakSamAM sun (eka sUtra tarIke) ane Tram ( A bIjA pratyAhAra tarIke) ema banne zabdAne ekazeSa na sAdhI zakAya, tyAre itaretarAzrayadoSanA nivAraNa mATe "ta- 'nI madadathI kAma levAmAM AvyuM hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. 14 yadekamAvRttibhedamantareNApyanekeSAmapakAraM karoti tat tantram / yathA pradIpaH suprajvalito bahunA chAtrANAmupakAraM karoti / iha tu prayatnavizeSastantrazabdena vivakSitaH / tena tantreNa dvitIyamatra halgrahaNamupAttaM parigRhItaM veditavyam / yathA-zveto dhAvatItyekena prayatnena dve vAkye uccarite bhvtH| tathehApyekenaiva payatnena dvau halzabdAvuccAritAvityabhiprAyaH ||-nyaas, pR. 397. ?' 11. 2/2/ 4 citra magmars fkatama vAtamU | svA 11 For Private and Personal Use Only

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186 kamalezakumA2 che. sI Ama vArtikakArathI laI kAzikAkAra sudhInI vicAraNA joyA pachI have kramika rIte AgaLa vadhatAM zrInArAyaNa bhaTTano prayAsarvasva' nAmane maLyuM Ave che. A pANininA pitAnA sutrakrame nahIM, paranta prakriyAme arthAta rUpasiddhi vakhate kAma AvatA sutronA krama mujaba lakhAyeluM che. temAM prathama anyAzraya doSanI udabhAvanA karI, (saMbhavataH pote racelI) eka kArikA dvArA, tene parivAra sUcavyo che. kArikA A pramANe che : halpratyAhArasiddhistu no halantyamitItvataH / tatraiva halpadAvRttyA sUtre hestho la id bhavet // arthAta pratyAhAranI siddhi sutracarA e sUtra dvArA ta saMjJA karIne pachI nahIM, bale e sutramAM ja hA padanI ThirAvRtti karIne prathama AvartanarUpa ne artha Tutho n =ha ema laI phar pratyAhArane siddha karIzuM. Ama kAzikAkAre je tanna thakI upAya sUjhAvyo hato, tene sthAne pharI pAcho ahI nArAyaNa bhaTTa AvRtti-padAvRtta dvArA upAya sUjhAvyo che. prakriyA komudakAra rAmacandraH prakriyAkramamAM nArAyaNa bhaTTa pachI mahatvanuM sthAna dharAvatA rAmacandrane krama have Ave che. emaNe prakriyAkrame pANininAM sUtro upara pitAnI TIkA ApI che. jo ke e TIkAmAM prastuta doSanI uddabhAvanA ke tenuM sIdhe sIdhuM samAdhAna vagere koI bAbatane ulekha maLato nathI. paraMtu have pachInI paraMparAmAM thanArI carcAne A AcAryo aneka rIte prabhAvita karI che. have, pachInI pA. vyA. nA mahatavanA AcAryo zrIkRSNa (prakriyA-kaumudinA TIkAkAra) bhadojidIkSita (siddhAMta kaumudI ane te uparanI prauDhamaneramAM TIkAnA kartA) ane paMDitarAja jagannAtha AmanA ja vidyAvezamAM Ave che. Ama pratyakSa rIte bhale rAmacandra A bAbate kaMI kahetA nathI, paNa parokSa rIte prastuta carcAnA sandarbhamAM ApaNane aneka rIte madadagAra thavAnA che. A rAmacandranA ziSya zrIkRSNa prakriyAkaumudI upara "prakAza' nAmanI TIkA racI che. svAbhAvika rIte ja temanI e TIkAmAM emanA guru rAmacaMdrane mata paNa vyakta thayela che. prakAzakAra zrIkRSNane mata : zrIkRSNa ItiretarAzrayadeSanA nivAraNa mATe pAraMparika rIte cAlyA AvatA ane upAyo- tanna ane sun padanI AvRttine nirdeza karyo che.11 vaLI zrad padanI AvRttine Azaya spaSTa 26 "dRnazyag' phacatra suewha tourvm * hR--vgorwvRttio | sAtti puna: vaDhaH puroSo vA - saM. mitra mujas, gAyAvI-77 TIkkA, kapano mAra, T R. . . vi, vArANasI, sana 21, . 28. For Private and Personal Use Only

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" sUthar " (pA, 1/2/3) sUtranI UrAvRtti ane paDitarAja jagannAtha karatAM temaNe jaNAvyuM che tema AvRti eTale (je te padanA ) punaH pATha athavA ekazeSa-bIjI rIte kahIe te vA ikakAra vageree sUcavelA ekazeSane upAya ane e pachI padanI Ardatta kahIne sUcavAyele upAya e bannene teeA eka ja mAne che. 197 e A carcA daramyAna zrIkRSNe te samayanA vidvAnomAM pracalita banelA krUttvam / AkhAya sUtranI riAvRtti vizenA matane anye ema kahIne ullekha karyA che,17 je khUba ja mahatvanA che. kAlAntare bhaTToji A matane ja svIkAra karIne cAlyA che; jenuM jagannAtha paMDite pAchaLathI aneka kAraNA ApIne khaMDana karyuM che. A riAvRtti paikI prathama Avartana-sUtramAM muni yam = hastyam ema saptamI tatpuruSasamAsamAnI haiM / sUtramAMnA anya evA nI itsanA ane tak dvArA dain pratyAhAranI siddhi thAya che; e rItanI tenA mULanI spaSTatA paNa ahIM karI che. ate, A mata gaurava dAyukta hoIne potAne e svIkAryuM nathI, mATe teo e matanI upekSA karavAnuM sUcavI AgaLa vadhyA che. prasAdakAra viThThalane mata: ahI' prAsa'gika rIte prApta prakriyAkaumudInI prasAdaTIkAnA kartA AcArya viThThalane mata paNa tapAsI laI e. viThThale tantra thakI khInna j padane joI levAnI kAzikAkAranI vAtane ja karI pAchI ekavAra yAda karAvI che. sAthe sAthe A 6 tantra 'te bhatR hira jevA prasiddha dhaiyakaraNa-dAnikane paNa Teko che, e sUcana karavA, vAkayapadmIyanI e viSayanI kArikA paNu ahIM udyuta karI che, je vAkyapadIyanA vyApaka prabhAvanI sUcaka che. zaktibheda pramANe vAkayanA vibhAganA vicAra karatI veLAe bhatR hirae jaNAvyuM che ke AvRttizaktibhinnArthe vAkye sakRdapi zrute / liGgAdvA tantradharmAdvA vibhAgoM vyavatiSThate // 18 arthAt AkRti ane judI judI (a ) zaktine lIdhe bhinna a darzAvanAra vAkayane ekavAra sAMbhaLavA chatAM ( anya vacanasthAneAnA) nirdezane lIdhe athavA tantra dharmAMne kAraNe te juduM samajAya che. ATalI vicAra yAtrAnI paraparA ane pRSThabhUmi upara have bhaTTAjidIkSitanA krama Ave che. khAsa te e dhyAna rAkhavAnuM ke bhaTTojidIkSita prakriyAkrama ane aSTAdhyAyIkrama bannene svIkArI, ane para'parAnA kramazaH siddhAMtakaumudI ane zabdakaustubha ema be granthA Ape che, temAMye siddhAMta kaumudI upara pote ja prauDhamanAramA nAmanI vistRta TIkA lakhI che. siddhAMtakaumudI ane tenI 17 anye tu " halantyam" iti sarvameva sUtramAvartayanti / tatra hali antyametyeka saptamIsamAsastena haliti sUtre ntyasya lasyetvamiti hatpratyAhArasiddhimAha / tattu gauravAdupekSyam / - prakriyAko. For Private and Personal Use Only A; pR. 28. 68 saM. zarmA raghunAtha, vAyavavIyam ;rA-2, 472, prA. saM. saM. vi.vi., vALasI, dvitIya saMraLa, san 180, rR. 6.

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188 kamalezakumAra che, cekasI prauDhamanoramAM TIkAne laIe, te tyAM temaNe pUrva paraMparAthI alaga 8Ine spaSTa rIte ja phulayam sUtranI dhirAvRti dvArA itaretarAyadeSanuM nivAraNa sUcavyuM che. tathA te uparanI prauDhamanAramAM TIkAmAM paraMparAgata keTalIka vicAraNAnuM khaMDana paNa karyuM che. alabatta, bhadojine A pitAne navo vicAra to nathI ja. emanI pUrve pANinIya paraMparAnA AcAryomAM A mata pracalita thaI cUkayo hato. AthI ja to bhaTTojinA pUrvagAmI ane guru evA zrIkRSNa e matanI noMdha laI ene upekya gaNavAne pitAne abhiprAya paNuM 25gAu jaNAvyo che. (jue, pAdaTIpa 17). itaretarAzrayadaSanA nivAraNa mATenA bhadojine vicAraH bhadoji dIkSite ahIM UbhA thatA itaretarAzraya doSanA nivAraNa mATe sUnnatyam ! e AkhAya sUtranI krirAvRtti karI che. A dhirAvRtti pikI prathama AvRttinA hRttAn ! sUtramAM eka AkhA samastapadanI kalpanA karI che, ane tArAkU = dRnatyam ema sAtamI tapuruSa samAsa mAnya che. e pachI anuvRtti dvArA e ekaluM ja pada meLavIne "sUtra | sUtramAM anyanI saMjJA thAya che." evo artha darzAvyo che. Ama ! e mAhezvara sUtramAMnA 7 nI saMjJA sAdhI mAriyena jatA I sutranI madadathI s e saMjJaka varNanI sAthe yavA sutramAMnA "" varNane AdimAM rAkhI sUtra pratyAhAra siddha karyo che. sutra pratyAhAra siddha thatAM have tracam sUtranI bIjIvAra AvRtti karI che. A bIjI AvRtti vakhate uparathI paveze ane ta ema be padonI anuvRtti mAnI, " upadezamAM anya dRna nI insaMjJA thAya che.', evo artha darzAvyuM che. 19 19 jue : 2 " nyaE" Faa. 1/2/3 '" (ja. mU. 4) jUti sadasyaumaragata che 2 " Adirantyena sahetA" pA. 1/1/71 antyenetA sahita AdimadhyagAnAM svasya ca saMjJA syAt / ta tRsaMjJAvAn -- "sUtrajyama" ((. ?) 1 3patya ! 35ddeza aghoravAra | tataH "a", "a" phurayAdri-rAMjJAsiddha -saM. rAma vAsudeva, " fsAtamI " TvzIvAra prA. niyasAra presa, kuMva, sAvRtti-2, san 2621. ahIM jo koI saptamI samAsanA sAdhutvanA prazna UbhA kare, te anuM sAdhu promanAramAmAM bhojie be rIte sUcavyuM che. eka to sata zaroa: | ghA. 2/12 sUtrane vegavibhAga karIne ane bIju sucgT 1 pA, 2-1-4 sUtrathI samAsa mAnIne. prathama rIta pramANe sattanI zauo:. sUtrane vega vibhAga pharI sattA e sara vaDe saptacantano samartha subattanI sAthe samAsa thAya che. "; e arthe meLavI ahIM samAsa sAdhI zakAze. ane jo A rIta gya na lAge te muckupaI ( artha : subakhtapadane subattapadanI sAthe samAsa thAya che.) sUtrathI samAsa sAdhI laIzuM. Ama chatAM paNuM je saptamI samAsanuM sAdhutva siddha thaI ja na zake, te paThThI samAsa mAnavAthI paNa kAma cAlI zake; e paNa bhaTTojine mata jaNAya che. (sarakhAvo- "tti karayumiti vinTe saptamati yorvimA IITu, " suhumA (2//4) tivA samAsa dati mAva: | gagT gsThItaegis" -. rAtrI sarAphAva, kaDhanoramA-prA. nalavA saMskRta sIrija Aphisa, banArasa, sana 1934, pR. 4. For Private and Personal Use Only

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" ham " (pA, 10) sUtranI rAtti ane paDatarAja jamanAtha A rIta siddhAMtakaumudImAM bhadoji pitAne mata ApyA pachI have te uparanI praDha mane rajA TIkAmAM paraMparAgata cAlyA AvatA matanI samIkSA A rIte kare che : (ka) halityekadezasyaiva tantrAvatyekazeSAnyatamastu / hasya l iti ca vyAkhyAsyate // arthAta . e AkhAya sUtranI rivRttine badale zu e eka dezane ja taMtra AvRtti athavA eka zeSa-bemAMthI eka mAnIne ane e pakSamAM eka Tun nI zukya jU = zun (SaSThItapuruSa) ema vyAkhyA karI laIzuM. Ama pUrvAcAryone eka mata rajU karyA bAda, e matane paDatuM mUkI bIjo mata rajU karatAM kahe che - (kha) yadvA mAstu tantrAdi / mAstu samAhAra dvandvaH, hal ca la ca iti / lakArasya saMyogAntalopaH // ' arthAta, tatra vagere upara jaNAvelI yuktione ) rahevA daIe; ane sIdhe sIdhA hana ra na ta na ema samAhAra dvanda samAsa che, ema mAnI laIe. ahIM jo koI evo praznana kare, ke Ama mAnavAthI te zUn evu pada thavuM joIe, te tene javAba e rIte ApIzuM ke ahIM anitama ne saMthAca no: 10 pA. 8-2-23 sUtra mujaba lepa thayuM che. A rIte bhaTTAji sudhInA pUrvAcAryo prastuta sUtramAM AvatA itaretarAzraya daiSanA nivAraNa mATe je yuktio Ape chetemane be bhAgamAM vaheMcI upara mujaba pote ja pUrva pakSanI sthApanA kare che. e pachI have e yukitaonI viruddhamAM judI judI be muzkelIo tarapha ApaNuM dhyAna kheMce che. jemake - (1) mAre sAsastha vinadayAt w arthAta pUrvAcAryoe upara mujabanI je tastrAvRtta ke ekazeSane mAnavAnI yuti ApI che, ane e pakSamAM durNa 7 = na ema je SaDI puruSa samAsa karavA sUcavyuM che. e mATe kilaSTa kalpanA karavI paDe che. 21 20 sUtrane artha-saMthAnti yatparaM taratA ro: dhAtu che (fe. . 64). 21 A kilaSTa kalpanA A rIte karavI paDe che - -"brAhmaNasya kambalaH" ityAdau asatyapi prakaraNAdau sva-svAbhibhAvAdipratItivadantarasamIpAdizabdaprayogamantareNa sAmIpyAdyapratIteH SaSTyarthatvAbhAvAttatprayoge tvasAmarthyAt SaSThIsamAsAprAptiriti maLavanodimANe sau vA tatra samAnastha vinaEsvamiti mAvaH ya raddhAna: 6. 8 (caitra) For Private and Personal Use Only

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kamalezakumAra cha. cekasI (2) A rIte paDDI mAsanI kilaSTatAne laIne tatrAvRti ke ekazeSanI pUrvAcAryoe ApelI yuktinuM khaNDana karI, have bIje je samAhAra Tha% samAsa mAnIne itaretarAzrayadoSa dUra karanAra pakSa che, temAM doSa batAvatAM bhoji kahe che ke - dvitIye'pi saMyogAntalopo durlabhaH // arthAta bIjI yuktine svIkAra karavAmAM Ave, te te yutimAM batAvela saMgAnta lopa dulabha che. durlabha hovAnuM kAraNa e che ke saMyojAntasya no : e sUtramAM jana arthAta 1, 2, s, n ema cAra varNonA saMyogAna lepane pratighoSa karavAmAM Avyo che. tethI samAhAraThanDa karI lIdhA pachI niSpanna thayelA sun zabdamAMnA saMyugAnta ya = s ne lepa thaI zakaze nahIM. vaLI, jo koI ahIM nA lepa mATe karelA pratidhanuM pAchaLathI pratyAkhyAna karI devAyuM che, 23 evI dalIla ApIne paNa ahIM jU nA saMgAnta lepanI prApti batAve; te tene ema kahIzuM ke e pratiSedhanA pratyAkhyAna pakSamAM paNa no #una pA.4/2/26 sUtramAMthI nAnI siMhAvakana nyAye anukRti laI AvIne, sagAnta evA zat vargone ja lepa sAdhavAmAM Aje heIne paNa sun mAMne s (kUrmAM na AvatA hovAthI) saMgAnta lepa pAmI zakaze nahIM. mAma itaretarAzraya doSanuM nivAraNa mATe pUrva para parAnA AcAryoe te-trAvRta, ekazeSa ane samAhAradvanda samAsanI je yuktio ApI hatI; temAM do-darzana karAvI, pote siddhAMtakaumudImAM dvirAvRti karI che, te ja ucata che, evA matanI sthApanA bhaddo ja kare che : tamAt yathoktameva nyAyyam // ahI kahevAnI jarUra nathI ke e pachI zabdaratnakArathI laI bolamanAramAkAra sudhInA siddhAMtakomudInA TIkA ke piTIkAkAre badhA bhaTTojanA matanA anugAmI banyA che. manthanA TIkAkAro muLagranthane anusare e svabhAvika paNa che. parantu jaganAthe bhadrojinA A dirAvRttivALA matanI aneka rIte samIkSA karI che; ene te matanuM pUrNa rIte khaMDana paNa karyuM che. hakIkata to e che ke bhaTTojie pUrvAcAryoe ApelAM samAdhAna paratve pitAnI dalIlo rajU karI e samAdhAnanuM khaMDana karyuM hatuM. te khaMDananuM paMDitarAja jagannAthe aneka dalIlothI sAmuM khaMDana karIne pUrvAcAryonA matanI puna: sthApanA karI che. 22 "saMyojAnsahya to : pratiSa:' Hr. 8/2/23 sucatra vAtama kahyAmALe . 2 3 "na yA to jovAnU rakSiAvAdrA ! "-tAmya vasaTMAma caN: pratiSedhasya mahAbhASye pratyAkhyAnam asti / For Private and Personal Use Only

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"rajAm " (pA 1/3) sutranI dvivatta ane paMDitarAja jamanAtha paDetarAja jagannAthe kareluM khaMDana : paMDitarAja jagannAtha Trastrajyama 1 sUtranI carcAne AraMbha karavAnI sAthe ja bhaTTAji vagerae sUcavelI AkhAya sutranI AvRttine ayukta jAhera karatAM jaNAve che ke sUtrAvattiriyamatitarAma ayuktava, pANini-sUtranyAsaviruddhatvAt goravAt ca / arthAta dRnIm e AkhAya sutranI be vAra) AvRtti karavI, e atyanta ayukata che; kemake (1) te pANini sUtronA vyAsanI viruddha che ane (2) ( lAdhavane anusaranArA A zAstramAM e) gauravarUpa che have, jo koI ema kahe ke to pachI uparyukata itaretarAzraya doSane parihAra kevI rIte karIzuM ? te tene javAba ApatAM jagannAthe judA judA traNa upAya A mujaba batAvyA che : (1) " hala" ityekaM sUtram "antyam" iti cAparam , tatra dvitIyasUtre makArAtparato la iti vyaJjana saMyogAntalopena lupyate; " upadeze" iti, "iditi cAnuvartate, tena-"upadeze'ntyam l it syAt" iti vAkyArthena NalAdilakArasAdhAraNyena hala sUtrAntyalakArasyetsaMjJAyAM satyA hatpratyAhArasiddhau haliti prathamavAkyArthadhIH, atrArthe'ntyamiti dehalIdIpanyAyenAnveti " upadeze" iti cAnuvartate, tena na kAcidanupapattiH // 24 arthAta sunatyam e pANininAM mULa sUtrane vegavabhAga karIzuM, ane "hana" tathA "satya"-ema be sUtro kalpIzuM. A paikI bejA mA" " sUtramAM chelle-m pachI. zuM vyaMjana che, paNa tene saMgAnta lepa thaye haiI, tenuM kavaNuM thatuM nathI, ema mAnI "mAku' "rA' e be pada ane uparanA sUtromAMthI anuvRtti dvArA 3 ane 4 pada meLavI, vaze satya - phat yAt (artha: upadezamAM je anya na, enI saMjJA thAya che ) e rItane sUtrortha prApta karIzuM. A artha pramANe sunanI jema jar vagere badhAM sthaLoe AvatAM jUnI IsaMjJA thatAM hRA pratyAhAra siddha thaI jaze. pratyAhAra siddha thayA pachI have, pUrvanA rue sutrane artha karI zuM, tyAre enA abhISTa artha (= sUt pratyAhAramAM AvatAM va)no bodha thaI jaze ane koI doSa raheze nahIM. upara dRna ane kAjU ema je be sUtro kayAM hatAM, te paikI anya sutrane ahIM darzAvyo, tevo artha ane tenI prAta thaI cUkayA pachI prathama " dR'' sUtrano artha karatI veLAe siMhAvalokana vAyathI nIcenA "satyam " sUtramAMthI e padanI anuvRtti laI, - 24 A lekhamAM "mane2mAkucamadinI"nA pAdaTIpa-19mAM ApelI vigatavALI ' moDhamanamAM ne ane prakAzita saMkaraNano upayoga karyo che, te For Private and Personal Use Only

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kamalezakumAra cha. cekasI upadezamAM anya dRnI IsaMDA thAya che, e rItano abhISTa artha karI laIzuM, ema paNa ahIM jaNAvyuM che. (2) A pachI A prastuta doSanA nivAraNa mATe bIjI yukti batAvatA jagannAtha jaNAve che ke "yadvA " halantyam" ityekam sUtram , la iti cAparam / tatra vyaJjanAtmakasya dvitIyasUtrasya laptasyApyanusandhAnena viSayIkRtasyAnuvRttestribhiH paraiH saha yojane kRte prAguktavAkyArthadhiyaH sAmrAjyam // arthAta hRttAnA e eka sUtra che; ema mAnIe ane bIju s che, ema mAnIe. A be sutro paikI bIjA vyaMjanamAtra sUtrane lepa thayo che. e pachI e lupta padanuM anusaMdhAna karI uparanA sUtramAMthI 3 mIm ta ema traNa pada meLavI, upadezamAM anya evA jUnI IsaMjJA thAya che, evo sutrArtha karIzuM. have, A sUtrArtha mujaba dA e pratyAhAra sUtramAMnA s nI cha saMjJA thatAM, enI sAthe yavA sUtranA "" nuM uccAraNa karI sUt pratyAhAra banI zakaze ane koI doSa raheze nahIM. (3) Ama be yuktio ApyA pachI, be judAM judAM sthaLoe yojI zakAya tevI eka trIjI yukti A pramANe ApI che - " " ta sUke tAro nAsika trAyate; tanunAsisamaththarananopdeshe'jnunaasik' tItsaMjJA bhaviSyati / asminneva sUtre lakArAtparato lakArasya saMyojArano " ' arthAta sunA e pratyAhAra (mA.) sUtramAM ja ne anunAsika pATha karIzuM, ane - enA anunAsika pAThane laIne-anunAsikatvarUpa sAmarthyane laIne-3paroganunAsika rUdrA e sUtra vaDe nI IsaMjJA thaI jaze. Ama A pramANe siddha thayelA sUtra pratyAhArane hRnayama e sUtramAM prayoga karavAthI have, ItaretarAzraya deSa raheze nahIM. athavA, A sunAma e sUtramAM ja ha su cImU-ema thI 5ramAM najara mUkIzuM ane ene saMgAnapa samajI laIzuM. paramparAnI sAthe virodha na Ave, tevI ane prAcIna AcAryone anusarIne A pramANenI traNa yuktio ApIne patirAja jagannAthe ahIM AvatA itaretarAzraya deSanuM nivAraNa karI ApyuM che. paMDitarAje ApeluM A nivAraNuM sUcave che ke jyAre paraMparAgata rIte vimarza pAmelA. samAdhAne upasthita hoya, tyAre manasvI rIte ja navAM samAdhAne UbhA karavA ane paraMparAgata samAdhAnamAM deva darzana karAvavuM e keIpaNa rIte kSamya nathI. For Private and Personal Use Only

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"' (5, 1//3) sutranI brirAvRtti ane paMDitaja jamanAtha 19ii pariDatarAMja jagannAthe ApelI yuktiomAM paNa saMgAnta lepa karavAnuM rahe che, ane te bhaTTojinA mate te durlabha che, tethI A pachInI carcAmAM bhaTTojinA e matanI paNa paNDitarAje samIkSA karI che. vaLI, paMDitarAjanI yuktiomAM yojavAmAM Avate vaThI samAsa paNa bhaTTojinA matamAM kilaSTa che; tethI te matanI paNa teo samIkSA kare che. (vistAra bhayathI A AkhIya samIkSA ahIM paDatI mUkI che). A samIkSA vakhate jagannAtha bhadojinA bhASyaviruddha manto upasthita karyA che, ane jyAre bhASyakAra vagere tathA svayaM bhaddoji paNa (!) kayAreka sagAnta lopane svIkAra karatA ja hoya, tyAre ahIM tene mAtra paraMparAnA khaMDanane mATe ja-asvIkAra karavo ucita nathI, e upAlaMbha paNa 5tirAja Ape che.25 e ja rIte haThIsamAsanI!kilaSTatA mATe je dalIle bhadoji Ape che, te nakAmI-sArahIna heIne emanA parihAra mATe AyAsa paNa karavo paDe tema nathI. 2 ane vaLI, bhASya vagere sAthe e dalIlo asaMgata hoya, tyAre temane svIkAra ja kema karI zakAya ? ema paMDitarAja sAme tarka mUke che. TakamAM jagannAthe je rIte bhadojinA matonuM khaMDana karyuM che, temAM bhAgyakAra vagere prAcIna AcAryonA khuda bhadojinA guru rAmacandranA paNa matanI punaH sthApanA thaI che. vaLI, emaNe bhadojinA manthanuM adhyayana karI, bhAkhyakAra vagere sAthenA emanA virodhe tAravI laI, pitAnA ja vacane virodha Ave, tevAM sthaLe jI; koIka kAraNasara banane varace utpanna thayela daiSa prakaTa karavA "mane ramAkuyamadinI nI racanA karI, te temanA pakSe te jevI che, tevI; paNa pANinIya vyAkaraNanA abhyAsIo mATe khUba ja upakAraka banI rahI che. 25 jA-"rSaka" r[takanamA tumannAhya svare jonAratanone ...maneramAkucamardinI; pR. 3. 26 ...klezazcetyAdidoSabhAsAnA parihArArthamAyAso'pi nApatatIti sudhiyo vibhAvayantu / / - ejana 5. 4. svA 12 For Private and Personal Use Only

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rU. 5. 10=50 6=50 9=50 11=50 2350 8=00 prAcIna gurjara granthamAlA 1 prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha-saMpAdaka : DaoN. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA ane Do. somAbhAI pArekha; devanAgarI TAIpa vidyArthI AvRtti, gujarAtI TAIpa 2 vaNakarasamuccaya, bhAga -sUla pATha--saM.: Do. bhe. ja. sAMDesarA 3 bhAlaNakRta naLAkhyAna (trIjI AvRtti)-saM.: pro. ke. kA. zAstrI 4 udayabhAnukRtavikramacaritrarAsa-saMpAdaka: sva. pro. ba. ka. ThAkara 5 bhAlaNa : eka adhyayana-lekhaka : pro. ke. kA. zAstrI (1971) 6 vaNaka-samuccaya, bhAga 2-sAMskRtika adhyayana ane zabdasUcio. kartA : Do. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA ane Do. ramaNalAla nA. mahetA 7 paMcAkhyAna bAlAvabodha, bhAga 1-saMpAdaka : Do. bhegIlAla ja. sAMDesarA ane Do. somAbhAI pArekha 8 siMhAsanabatrIsI-saM. Do. raNajita mo. paTela 9 hammIramabandha-saM. De. bho. ja. sAMDesarA ane De. se. pArekha 10 paMcadaMDanI vArtA-saM. De. somAbhAI dhru. pArekha (1974). 11 vAgabhaTAlaMkAra bAlAvabedha-saM. De. bhegIlAla ja, sAMDesarA sva. pro. ba. ka. ThAkara granthamALA 1 vividha vyAkhyAne gucacha 1 2 = 9 0 2 10=50 24=00 15=50 6400 31=00 12=00 2=50 2050 6=50 2=pa0 4 niruttama 21=50 5 vikramorvazI-(anuvAda: mananikA sahita) 6 pravezake, gucacha pahelo =50 7 pravezake, gucha bIje 3=00 8 abaDa vidyAdhara rAsa 400 9 mahArAM sauneTa (bIjI AvRttiH bIju punarmudraNa) 4=00 10 ApaNI kavitAsamRddhi (bIjI AvRtti; cha punarmudraNa) 4=00 11 navIna kavitA vize vyAkhyAne (prathama AvRttinuM paheluM punarmudraNa) 4=00 12 che. ba, ka, ThAkara DAyarI, bhAga 1-saMpAdaka : Do. harSada ma. trivedI 2=00 13 pre, ba. ka. ThAkora adhyayanagrantha 15=50 14 che. ba. ka. ThAkaranI DAyarI, bhAga 2- saMpAdaka : Do. harSada trivedI 6=75 15 vivecaka-pro. balavantarAya ThAkora 25=00 prAptisthAnaH yunivarsiTI pustaka vecANa vibhAga, janarala ejyukezana senTara, pratApaja, vaDodarA-~ 002 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta chanda zAstramAM be jaina lekhake jyadeva ane yakItinuM pradAna* govidalAla saM. zAha* padyamAM lakhatA saMskRta kavie temanA vicAro, saMvedanAo ane bhAva vividha chaMdamAM abhivyakata kare che. chaMda zAstra, kavioe prayojelAM chaMdanA lakSaNa ApI samajAve che. vividha vaidika ane laukika chaMdane A zAstramAM vyAkhyA ane udAharaNa ApI samajAvavAmAM Avela che. vaidika chaMdam nirUpatuM zAstra vedAMga che, je pANinIya zikSA mujaba vedanA pAda che. lokika chaMdasa ne samajAvatuM zAstra "kAvyAMga' che. alaMkAranI jema chaMda# paNa kAvyanuM bAhyatattva che, je kAvyanA Amatava rasAdine vyaMjita karavAmAM madadarUpa thaI zake, chaMdazAstranA vikAsamAM aneka lekhakoe phALo Ape che. Rpha prAtizAkhya, nidAnasUtra, sarvAnukramaNI, upanidAnasUtra vageremAM vadika chaMdanI caryA hovA chatAM piMgalAcAryane A zAstranA pAyAnA lekhaka mAnavAmAM Ave che. temanI kRti chandaHsUtra' (kAvyamAlA AvRtti mujaba "chindaHzAstra ' )mAM kaTuki, yAka, tAhiDana , saitava, kAzyapa, rAta ane mAMDavyanA ullekha che paNa temanA graMtho maLatA nathI. chaMda zAstranA itihAsamAM jayadeva, svayaMbhU, jayakIrti, ratnamaMjUSAkAra, hemacaMdrAcArya ane kavidarpaNakAra jena lekhako che jemaNe A zAstranA vikAsamAM mahatvanuM pradAna karyuM che. A lekhamAM jayadeva ane jayakIrtinA kArya ane pradAnane vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che. gItagoviMda'nA kavi jayadeva ane "prasanarAdhava' nATakanA lekhaka jayadevathI bhinna jayadeva nAmanA chaMdanA lekhakanI kRti "jayadevajIMdasa" saMskRta laukika chaMdasUnA lakSaNagraMthamAM AgavuM, aneruM' ane agatyanuM sthAna dharAve che. "svAhAya', , aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, 5. 195-200. + tA 26 thI 28 jAnyuArI 1996 daramyAna zaMkhezvara khAte yojAyela gujarAta rAjya yunivarsiTI ane koleja saMskRta adhyApaka maMDaLanA 21mAM adhivezanamAM rajU thayela nibaMdha. * maharSi vedavijJAna akAdamI, amadAvAda-15. 1 : vArthI tu vaizya . I. pANinIya zikSAA 42, 43, saMpAdana-De, zukala je, ema be vidyA " oNgasTa 76 ane jAnyu. 77, guja. yuni., amadAvAda For Private and Personal Use Only

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geviMdalAla zAha samaya : De. karNAmAcArIara chaMdazA ane itihAsa ApatAM temanA vize, piMgala pUrva mAhitI ApIne, jayadevane pigalathI prAcIna gaNavA aMgeno pitAne mata che evuM sUcave che. teo jayadevane I. sa. pUrve bIjI ke trIjI sadImAM thayela mAne che je svIkArI zakAya tema nathI. jayadeva piMgalanA anugAmI che, e jayadevadasa 'mAMthI temaja te paranI havaMTanI TIkAmAMthI phalita thAya che ke jayadeve piMgalane muni ane ahipati tarIke ullekha karyo che. pAke. eca. DI. velaNakara aneka pramANene aMte jayadevane I. sa. 900 pahelAM athavA kadAca I. sa. 600 pahelAM thaI gayelA mAne che. pI. ke. go? paNa jayadevane I. sa. 910 pUrve thayelA gaNe che. jayadevanA samaya vize nizcita rIte jANI zakAtuM nathI. paNa teo piMgala pachI thoDI sadIo bAda thayA hovA joIe. ullekha jana ane jainetara chAMdasakoe jayadevane mAnasahita ulekha karyo che athavA temanA graMthamAMthA avataraNo ApyAM che. (ka) varAhamihiranI bRhatsaMhitAnA TIkAkAra kapala bhaTTa (I. sa. 10 mI sadI Azare) jayadevachaMdasa mAMthI "suvadanA' (7-22) tathA maMdAkrAntA (7-17)nAM lakSaNa udadhRta karela che. 2 Krishnamachariar M.--History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, Tirumalai-Tirupati Devasthanam's Press, Madras, 1937, p. 903, "and must have therefore lived in the early centuries of the christian era, unless we take him to the 2nd or 3rd century B. C., when Sutra style was in vogue." 3 jayadevajIMdas (ma) 421-muninAsthaurf garg navam tathA tene samajAvatAM TIkAkAra harSaTa lakhe che - " maninA bhagavatA piGgalena evavidhaM pAdAkulakaM nAma vRttamabhyadhAyi uktam / (mA) 4/32-jItyAranavRtifkta:... | tathA tene samajAvatAM TIkAkAra harSaTa lakhe che - " yathAkramamahipatebhaMgavataH piGgalasya gItyAryA zikhAcUlikA matAH / (Du) 5/10 vipusA sA matA : . tene samajAvatAM TIkAkAra harSaTa lakhe che-- " evaM prakArA munerbhagavataH piGgalasya vipulA matA / 4 Velankar H. D.Jayadaman- General Introduction HaritosamalaNo. 1, Pub. Haritosha Samiti, Bombay, 1949, p. 33. ...... it is evident that Jayadeva lived sometime before 900, A.D., and perhaps even before 600 A.D." 5 Gode P. K.- Jayadeva, a writer on Prosody", in Studies in Indian Literary History, Vol. I, Pub. Singhi Jain Shastra Shikshapith, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay, 1953, p. 139. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMta chandazAmAM be jaina lekhako-jayadeva ane jayakIrtinuM pradAna (kha) piMgala-chaMda:sUtranI 1-10 ane 5-8 paranI vRttimAM TIkAkAra bhaTTa halAyudhe ( I. sa. 10mI sadI). jyadevane- veta paTa' tarIke ullekha karyo che. (ga) vRttaratna karanA TIkAkAre suhaNa (I. sa. 11mI sadI) "veta paTa jayadeva ' evA zabda prayoje che.' (gha) abhinavagupta "abhinavabhAratI'mAM jayadevane ulekha karyo che. zrI pI. ke. goDe yathArtha kahe che ke abhinavagupta jevA pratiSThita TIkAkAra jayadevano ulalekha kare che, temanA maMthanI guNavattAnuM ghAtaka che. () svayaMbhU nAmanA jaina lekhake (I. sa. 1000 pahelAM lagabhaga) 1-144mAM jayadevane AgaLa paDatA chaMda zAstrI tarIke ullekha karyo che. te kahe che ke jayadeve piMgalanI sAthe saMskRta chaMdamAM yatine siddhAMta apanAvyuM hatuM. (ca) rudraTanA 'kAvyAlaMkAra 'nI TIkAnA lekhaka nAma sAdhu (I. sa. 11mI sadI) 1-20 para lakhatAM jayadevane chaMda zAstranA prAcIna lekhaka tarIke piMgalanI sAthe ulekha kare che. (cha) A uparAMta jayakIrti (denuzAsana 8-19 ), hemacaMdra (idenuzAsana 2-297 tathA -51-paranI sopajJa vRttimAM) ane nArAyaNa (vRttaratnAkara-2-3nI TIkAmAM ) paNa jayadevane ulekha kare che. jayadeve "jayadevadAsa' graMtha piMgalanA "chada:sUtra' ne namUnA tarIke rAkhIne lakhe che. dezano krama mahaddaaMze piMgala pramANe che. " chandaHsUtra'nI jema "jayadevachaMdasa'mAM ATha adhyA che. - a. 1ne prathama zloka anuSkapamAM che, te maMgala bloka che. teo lakhe che, "vividha prakAranA chaMdanI pratipattine mATe vANIne bhUSita karanAra, pahelAM gAyatrI chaMdane ane pachI vardhamAna-tenAthI vadhatA jatA akSaravALA anya sarva dene huM namuM chuM." ahIM vardhamAna 6 gra : rAma (s.) mArce, serAjA, vALe, dIva catuSTayota: vRttAnA: saMskRtaparivA, 3ramAniyA vizvavidyAnaya, hRAvAva, (2661) 6. 247. " anyadato hi vitAnam iti zvetapaTajayadevena yaduktam" bhaugiti citrapadA naH ityanena jatAyaMsvAt | 7 maratanAthazAstra 14/82-84 para abhinavabhAratI (gA. e. sI.) pR. 244. " sarveSAM vRttAnAmityAdAvarthaH samAsena jayadevo'bhyadhAt / sarvAdimadhyAnta glo triko nau nau au to " ta ! 8 jue pAdaTIpa kramAMka 5. Presumbly this work on prosody must have attained authoritative chara cter since a polymath like Abhinavagupta quotes this work as authority." For Private and Personal Use Only

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198 gAviMdalAla . zAha zabda kliSTa che. te mahAvIra bhagavAnane sUcaka che. bIjAM ATha sUtromAM aMdasa nI saMjJAo samajAvavAmAM AvI che. a. 2 mAM 6 ane a-3 mAM 33 sUtro che. temAM vaidika chaMdanI vyAkhyA ApavAmAM AvI che. a. 4 thI laukika de che. a. 4 mAM 32 paMktio che temAM AryA, vaitAlIya, mAtrAmaka vagere ane tenA prakAranI samajUtI ApavAmAM AvI che. a. 5 mAM 39 zlokomAM viSama ane ardhasamavRttonAM lakSaNa, prakAre sahita Apela che. a. 6 nI 46 paMktiomAM ane a. 7nI 37 paMktiomAM samavRtto ane daMDaka samajAvavAmAM AvyAM che. a-8 mAM 12 zloko che tathA temAM prastAranI carcA che. vaiziSTayaH pote jena hovA chatAM vaidika che denAM lakSaNe temaNe ApyAM che. te temanA Adarza tarIka rahelAM pigalanuM yogya rIte anusaraNa thaI zake eTalA mATe che ema prophe. velaNakara mAne che. dika Ida parathI laukika Ide vikasyA hoI temane tenI upekSA karavAnuM egya nahIM lAgyuM hoya. jo ke jayadevane dika chaMdane vibhAga piMgalanI jema vistRta nathI. temaNe kareluM A vibhAganuM nirUpaNa jANe aupacAriktA nibhAvavA-paraMparAne mAna ApavA mATe-hoya tema lAge che. jyadeve vedika InAM lakSaNapiMgalanI jema sUtromAM ApyAM che. jyAre laukika chaMdanAM lakSaNa je te chaMdanA pAda dvArA ke loka dvArA Apela che. piMgalanI jema temaNe chaMdanAM mAtra lakSaNe ja ApyAM che. alaga udAharaNa ApyAM nathI. paNa laukika denuM lakSaNavAkaya pote ja lakSmavAkya-udAharaNavAkya banI jatuM hoI temane alaga udAharaNa ApavAnI AvazyakatA nathI. chaMdanA lakSaNa pate udAharaNa paNa banI rahe e rIta kedArabhaTTa "vRttaratnAkara'mAM savIkArI che. jayade vata darzAvavA saMjJAvAcaka zabda uparAMta samudra, Rtu, leka vagere zabda prayojyA che. temaNe vasu, dizA, yuga, rasa vagere zabda vaidika chaMdamAM paNa upayogamAM lIdhA che. pigale temane upayoga laukika chaMdamAM yati darzAvavA ja karyo che. vaidika chaMdonA vibhAgamAM kayo nathI. saMjJA prakaraNanA prathama adhyAyamAM jayadeve eka ja sUtramAM (1/2) "aSTagaNa' vize kahI dIdhuM che. temaNe laghugurunI samaja saMkSepamAM ApI che. ladhu kayAre guru mAno te vize pigale vistArathI samajAvyuM che. jayadeve saMthAra :: (1/5) e eka ja sUtra A mATe phALavyuM che. temaNe ghaNe kharo bhAra TIkAkAra para nAkhe che, paNa jayadeve mAtraka gaNe samudra, Rtu vagere saMjJAo ane yati vize je adhyAyamAM kahyuM che te pigala karatAM vadhu vistArathI che. 9 juo pAdaTIpa kramAMka 4, pR. 34. It is true that he has defined the vedic metres in the first three chapters of his work; but this was probably due to the fact that Jayadeva wanted 10 imitate closely his model, namely Pingla's work on chandas in the matter of arrangement of his material, though he adopted a different style of composition, which is almost invariably followed by his successors in the field." For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta chandAzAstramAM be jaina lekhako jayadeva ane jayakIrtinuM pradAna jayadeve 4-1pathI 22mAM vaitAlIya ane tenA prakAronAM lakSaNa ApyAM che. piMgala mujaba zaitAlI mAtrAmeLa chaMdanI 1 ane 3 pAdanI bhegI mAtrAonI saMkhyA 14 che. jyAre jayadeva 1 ane 3 pAdamAM che, cha mAtrAmAM hoya che ema kahyuM che. tethI kula 12 mAtrAo thAya che. paMktinA chevaTanA bhAgamAM laghu-gurune krama piMgale kahyo che te ja jayadevamAM che. A graMthamAM mastAra nirUpaNa anuTupa chaMdanA zlokomAM karavAmAM AveluM che, piMgale sUtromAM karyuM che. piMgalanI tulanAmAM deva A muddA para saMkSepa paNa kare che. jayadeva piMgalane anusaratA hovA chatAM pratyApIDa haMsaruta, vilAsanI, kusumavicitrA, caMcalAkSikA, kAntapIDA, vAhinI chaMda temaja gAthAnA keTalAka prakAro je " chaMdakasUtra'mAM che, te jayadevachaMdasa mAM nathI. nIcenA ATha Ida "jayadevachaMdasa"mAM navA che te piMgalanI kRtimAM jovA maLatA nathI. krama chaMdanuM nAma loka kama pAdamAM akSara saMkhyA gaNamApa- lakSaNa guvI na, sa, ya maNimadhya bha, ma, sa bhadrikA na, na, 2 la, gA upasthita 6-41 ja, sa, ta, gA, gA candravarmA 6-43 2, na, bha, sa pupavicitrA 6-45 ta, ya, ta, ya calanetrikA na, ba, bha, 2 8 mAraphUkIcatA (gAthA) 7-37 ma, ma, ma, ya, ya jayadevaracha dasa mAM nimnalikhita chaMdonAM nAma piMgala karatAM judAM ApavAmAM AvelAM che. baMnenAM lakSaNa sarakhAM che. krama jayadeve ApeluM piMgale Apela krama jayadeve Apela piMgale Apela nAma nAma nAma nAma acalata gItyAryA narkaTaka avitatha anagoDA saumyazikhA meghavirUciMtA vismitA atirucirA cUlikA zazikalA caMdrAvartA kalikA maMjarI 10 mAlA parikuTila khajA zrI kumaladatI vartha viSaya temaja lekhanapaddhatimAM jayadeve pitAnI mauliktA pradarzita karI che. temaNe pigalanuM aMdha anukaraNa karyuM nathI. "jayadevaccha dasa' chaMdane saMpUrNa svataMtra, zAstrIya graMtha che. jayadeve A pelA navA chaMdo zrI hemacaMdrAcAryanA "denuzAsana'mAM samAvAyA che. 15 aMka, For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra 6200 www.kobatirth.org jayakIrti : jayakIti ane zrI hemacaMdrAcArya baMnenA chaMdasa viSayaka graMthanuM nAma eka ja ' chaMdonuzAsana ' che. banne alaga kRti che. jayakIrti dakSiNa bhAratanA kannaDabhASI pradezanA digaMbara jaina sAdhu hatA. temanA samaya Azare I. sa. 1000nI AsapAsanA che. prephe. velaNukara mujaba jayakIti kedArabhaTTa ane hemacaMdrAcAyanI vaccenA samayanA lekhaka che.10 jayakAMta zrI hemaca`drAcAryanA puragAmI che ema siddha karatuM koi prabaLa pramANa nahIM hovAthI, e sunizcitarUpe kahI zakAya tema nathI, ' jayakIrtinA chUMdAnuzAsana 'mAM vaidika chaMdonA lakSaNA nathI. temaNe chadezanAM udAharaNu paNa ApyAM nathI. piMgalanI jema A kRti ATha adhikArAmAM vibhakta che. temAM aSTagaNu, laghu-guru, yati vagere saMjJAe samajAvavAmAM Avela che. graMthanA AraMbhamAM temaNe vamAnane vaMdana karela che. pachI sama-a sama--viSamavRtto, AyaMti, mAtrAsamaka, vaitAlIya, draupadI vagerenAM lakSaNo che. karNATakanA prAkRtamAM prasiddha keTalIka jAtinAM eTale ke mAtrAmeLa chaMdonA lakSaNA e A graMthanI AgavI bAbata che. chelle prastAra vagere pratyayAne samajAvavAmAM AvyA che. z Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir govidalAla za. zAha jayakAti e bharata, piMgala, setava, mAMDavya, janAzraya, zrIpAdapUjya jayadevanA ullekha potAnI kRtimAM karela che. chaMdanuzAsana 'mAM temaNe keTalAka navIna chaMdonAM lakSaNu ApyAM che. jayakati e chaMdanI sAmAnya bAbate jaNAvatI vakhate ' anuSTupa ', mAryAM ane skandhakane prayAga karyA che. chaMdanu lakSaNa je te chaMdanA pAdamAM ApyuM che. A zailImAM apAtAM lakSaNA kedAra bhaTTanA 'vRttaratnAkara 'nAM vadhu jANItAM banyAM che. pazu kedArabhaTTa para temanA purogAmI jayadeva, yakatinuM RNa che e svIkAravuM rahyuM. jayakati e kayAreka sUtronA paNa upacega karyA che. ejana, pR. 37, jaina chAMdasikonI vizeSatA e che ke jayadeva sivAya bIjA koI, vaidika chaThThAnA lakSaNu ApatA nathI. potapotAnA samaya sudhInA pracalita sa`skRta kAvyonAM chaMdanAM te lakSaNu Ape che ja. vadhumAM potAnA pradezanI prAkRta ke apabhraMza bhASAnAM kAvyonAM chaMdanAM lakSaNa paNa Ape che tathA e bhASAmAMthI udAharaNa ApI samajAve che. zrI hemacaMdrAcArya. AnuM jvalaMta udAharaNa che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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eka nUtana upalabdhi: zIlanI zailajA nattama palANa gujarAtanI kalA paraMparA vize saLaga kahevAya evo eka paNa abhyAsa haju ApaNI pAse nathI. je kaMI khaMDa abhyAso thayA che, temAM paNa ekavAkayatA pravartatI nathI. ema lAge che ke gujarAta pAse umAzaMkara jevA kavi ane ravizaMkara jevA citrakAra che, paNa nihAraraMjana ke kumArasvAmI jevA kalAvivecako nathI. chellA samayamAM De. motIcaMdra ane Do. umAkAMta zAha dvArA cheDA prA.tane thayA che, paNa emanAmAM kSetrakAryanI uNapa varatAya che. De. motI caMdranuM kAma bahudhA citrakalApradhAna rahyuM, paraMtu eo sacitra pothIonA bhaMDAronI pratyakSa mulAkAta laI zakyA nahi. AvuM ja kaiMumAkAnta zAhanA abhyAsamAM paNa anubhavAya che, emanuM kAma zi95kalA para vizeSa che, paraMtu karacha saurASTra taLagujarAtanA agatyanAM sthaLonI paNa pratyakSa mulAkAta teo laI zakayA nahi. madhusUdana DhAMkImAM gujarAta kaccha saurASTrane pratyakSa paricaya ane abhyAsa bane che, paraMtu emane gujarAtanI bahAra rahevAnuM thayuM pariNAme hAlanI take te eka moTo avakAza A kSetre pravarte che. jadI jadI yunivarsiTIomAM savalate vadhI che, paraMtu jyAM meja sAmagrI che, tyAM kSetrakArya nathI ane kSetrakArya che, tyAM meghIdATa meja sAmagrIne abhAva che. A banane sagavaDo kyAM che tyAM-sarakAra niyukta purAtattva khAtAMmAM rasavinAnA mitre AvI gayA che. Ama A kSetrane avakAza (khAlI pe) uttarottara vadhu ne vadhu khaTake (khUce) evI viSama sthiti dhAraNa karI rahyo che. gujarAta have rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ane vAsudevazaraNa asavAla jevA vyApaka prayAsa ane kamaratoDa svAdhyAya jhaMkhe che. gujarAtanI kalA paraMparA vize, bhAMgyAtUTapA je kaMI abhyAsa thayA che tenA AdhAre ApaNe kahI zakIe ke gujarAtamAM prAga, Adya ane aitihAsika traNe kALanA avazeSo maLe che. aitihAsika kALamAM rAjasattA, maurya, zuga-kuSANu, kSatrapa, gupta, maitraka ema cAle che, jayAre kalA paraMparAmAM moMnI ziSTa, camakatI lIsI sapATIvALI kalA ahIM nathI, tene badale jene anumorya kahI zakAya tevI, gAMdhAra sAMcI bharadUta Ada kalAlInA mizraNa samI kSatrapakalA ahIM che. A kalAnA avazeSe devanI morI, zAmaLAjI, junAgaDha, gopa, khaMbhAliDA, DhAMka, pATaNavAva AdinA zi, rautyasuzobhane, 'svAdayAya', pR. 33, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA-janmASTamI aMka, eprila-sapTembara 1996, 5. 200 (ka-N). 3, vADI leTa, dazana" porabaMdara-360575. For Private and Personal Use Only

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205 (kha) tarAttama palANu siMhAkRti ane pramathA vageremAM ovA maLe che, vageremAM jovA maLe che. i. sa.nI pAMcamI sadIthI jema sArAya bhAratavamAM tema ahIM gujarAtamAM paNa guptakalAnI suvarNayugI jhalaka phelAyelI che. guptakALa, mahAkavi kAlidAsathI mAtra sAhityamAM ja nahi, citra, zilpa, saMgIta, vAla kAra Adi pratyeka vidyAzAkhAmAM potAnI praziSTanA prasthApita kare che, rAjasattAnI die mAtra padmAttera varSa A vistAra upara guptasattA che, paNa kalAnI daSTae ene ati prabaLa praznAva ane te paN dI kALapatra"ne khA pradeza upara jALavI rAkhyo jaNAya che. vIsamI sadI pUrI thavA AvI che tyAre paNa haju ApaNe kaccha saurASTra taLagujarAtane samagra vistAra khUMdI vaLI zakayA nathI. saMbhava che; haju aneka sthaLe guptakalAnA bhaDAra gupta paDavA hoya ! mA sAthe jUnAgaDha jillAnA, sAva dariyAkinAre AvelA nAnA pazu ati mahattvanAM kalAdhAma samA zIla nAmanA gAmanI eka a tava suMdara, sapramANu ane nayanaramya mAtRkA mUrti rajU karu' chu". . zAla cAilanA kalApremI AcArya zrI mahe bhAI bhaTTa avAranavAra potAnA gAmanI vAta kare. eka vakhata iMDA phoTA mokalAvyA ane bIjA divase mavRizAka verA, mohanapurI gosvAmI ane huM zIla paDecyA zIla gAmane I. sa.nI teramI sadInA kATa che ane koTanI rAMgamAM brahmA, viSNu, mAtRkA aAdinA ATheka meTa zipa ane anya bhagAra caNI dIdhelAM che. gAmanAM maMdiramAM nAnAM moDhAM zilpA sAthe nAgadamananuM eka suMdara zilpa pa mAvela che, pagithayAMvALI vAva tathA pALiyA ane khaMDita mUrtikAnA TukaDA ( je have zIlanI hAiskUlamAM khaseDavAmAM AvyA che) vagere A sthaLe keI viziSTa ane vizALa devAlaya harI ema bhanumAna karavA prere che ' zIla ' evA gAmana.mamAM paNa valabhInA zIlAddhinI saMbhAvanA thaI zake che. 'zIla 'evuM gAmanAma AkhA gujarAtamAM mA eka ja che amarelI jillAmAM zIlaja ' ane zasAdhyA che, mULamAM * zIla + Anaka ' dgAvAnuM anumAna prere che. saskRtamAM * Anaka ' zabda che ane gujarAtamAM sarvatra maLe che * zIlAnaka ' > 'zIlAA ' > ' zIla ' ema A gAmanAma Avela haze. valabhInA kAI eka zIlAditye ahIM koi dharma sthaLa, sA~bhavataH zivama dira baMdhAvela haze. sAmanAtha dvArakAnI paTTI upara A sthaLa AveluM hAya, videzI AkramaNunA bhoga banyuM lAge che. zIlanI AjubAju pazu sa`khvAba'dha avazeSa che, jenI kApavA kaI karavA jevI che. . ' gAmanAyaka valabhI pAte teA traNeka hajAra varSa jUnuM vidyAdhAma che, jyAM I. sa.nI chaThThI sadInA uttarArdhathI maitraka sattA maLe che. moM ane kSetra, guptakALamAM valabhI vidyApITha che, paraMtu rAjadhAnI tarIke te guptasattAnA asta sAthe dekhA de che. I. sa. 605 mAM zIlAditya prathama valabhInI gAdIe che. cInI musAphara hyuenasa ga pAtAnI noMdhamAM SNAve che ke zIlAditya parA, aparA vidyAnA jANukAra mahAna guNuna ane dharmapremI For Private and Personal Use Only

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eka nUtana upalabdha che zIkanI zailajA 200 (ba) hate. kaliyugamAM eNe satyuganuM vAtAraNa sajaryuM hatuM. le ke ene "dharmAditya' kahetA hatA. brAhmaNe ane bauddhone eNe asaMkhya dAna dIdhAM che. teNe mahAdeva ane Aditya e be devanA mahAna devA na baMdhAvyAM hatA. A zIlAditya evo hato ke enA cheDAne paNa gALeluM pANI pAvAmAM AvatuM hatuM khera, zIlAditye baMdhAvelAM be mahAna devAlaya kayAM che? gujarAtamAM prApta mAtRkA mUrtio vize ApaNA mitra che. rAmajIbhAI sAvaliyAe eka sAro abhyAsa Ape che. emanA mate gujarAtamAM hAla prApta jUnAmAM jUnI devImati amarelImAMthI prApta thayelI I. sa.nI bIjI sadInI che. A lekhake saurASTra itihAsa pariSadanA vAMkAnera adhivezanamAM rajU karelI valabhInI devI mUrti paNa barAbara A ja samayanI che. gujarAtamAM prApta pArvatInI prathama pratimA zAmaLAjImAM AvelI che. De. inAmadAra ene I. sa. nI chaThThI sadInI ane ema. Ara. majamudAra tathA DaoN. sAvaliyA ene cothI sadInI gaNAve che. "DhAMkanI brahmAmUrti'nI carcA karatAM "svAdhyAya' pu. 28 nA saMyukta aMka (phebru. 1991) mAM jovA maLe che te pramANe "pazcimI kalA' nAmathI oLakhAtI kalAzelI saMbhavataH kSatrapakALathI ja AraMbha pAmI jAya che. zAmaLAjInI A bhIlaDI vize pArvatInI pratimAnA paga ane DhAMkanI brahmA tathA sakaMda mUrtine paga lagabhaga eka zailInA che. sAmAnyataH pazcimI kalA upara guptakalAne prabhAva varatAya che, te uttarakAlIna pazcimI kalA che. jo ke, kalAzailI spaSTa karavA mATe haju vadhu namUnAonI apekSA rahe che. ema kahI zakAya ke gujarAta pUratA 'pArvatI' cothI sadIthI zi95mAM dekhAya che. A paraMparAmAM zIlanI zailajA eka nUtana upalabdha che. prastuta pratimAnA upalA jamaNuM hAthamAM trizaLa spaSTa che. trizaLa A pratimAne pArvatInI siddha kare che tema enuM lakSaNa, kalAzailIne spaSTa karavA mATe madadarUpa banI rahe che. zAmaLAjInA vIrabhadra ziva tarIke oLakhAtI pratimA sAthe AnuM sAmya spaSTa che. caturbhuja zailajAnA bAkInA traNa hAtha khaMDita che. prabhAvalI cakra, maNimukuTa, ekAvalI ane kaTIpradezane kaMdoro tathA vastra zuddha guptakalAnA lakSaNe che. A mUrtimAM je manamohaka kAma che te stana, udara, kaTI, nitaMba ane ApaNane je vihavaLa karI mUkatuM saudarya che te te nAbhikamala che ! udaranI kRzatA pachI nAbhi heja bharAvadAra ane kaMdorAthI bane bAja dabAtI ane tethI ja jIvaMta banIne ApaNI AMkhone bharI detI apUrva ramya nAbhi che. mahAkavi kAlidAse 'kumArasaMbhava'nA AraMbhamAM pArvatInA sauMdaryanuM je varNana karyuM che te sUgya rIte A pratimAmAM takSaNa pAmeluM anubhavAya che. stana, kaTI, udara, nAbhi, jadhananuM anAyAsa For Private and Personal Use Only

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narottama palANa prApta saudarya kalAkAre ahIM barAbara AtmajJAta karyuM che ane Aje doDha hajAra varSa pachI mUrti khaMDita thayuM che te paNa ApaNane halAvI jAya che temAM guptakalAnI balihArI che ! - paga ane pIThAne bhAga akhaMDa heya te barAbara cAra phUTa UMcI A pratimA cUnAnA narama 5tharamAMthI banelI che. A eka ja mUrti ahIM (zIlamAM) bhavya zivamaMdira haze tenI pratIti karAvI jAya che. I. sa. nI pAMcamI-chaThThI sadInI unnata guptakalAne A virala namune gujarAtanA kalAbhaMDArane vizeSa mulyavAna banAve che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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granthAvalAkana saMskRta chaMdazAstra H lekhakaH gAviMdalAla za`. zAha, prakAzakaH yunivarsiTI pra'tha nirmANu khADa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-380 006, kiMmata rUA. 33 = 00, prathama AvRtti, 1994, pR. 8 + 115. suvidita che ke " ucca kaLavaNInA kSetre adhyayana-adhyApananI kheAdha-bhASA tarIke mAtRbhASA-prAdezika bhASAneA svIkAra thatAM yunirvasaTI zikSaNunI vidyAzAkhAonA abhyAsakramAne AvarI letAM pAThyapustako tathA sa Mdarbha graMthe nirmANa karavAnI jarUra UbhI thaI. bhArata sarakAranA graMtha prakAzananA anudAnanI tathA gujarAta sarakAranA vahIvaTI anudAnanI sahAyathI racAyeluM yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANu e lakSyAnusAra pAThyapustako ane saMdarbha prathAnuM prakAzana kArya karI rahyuM che. '' ( bAjIbhAi paTela, prakAzana prasaMge kiAMyata. pR. 5) A upakAraka yeAjanAmAM prakAzita thatI A pustikA aMge graMthakartA A pustakanA hetu paratve jaNAve che ke " gujarAta rAjyanI keTalIka yunivarsiTIonI vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA ranAtaka ane anusnAtaka abhyAsakramamAM vaidika ane praziSTa saMskRtanA cha do . abhyAsakramamAM heya che, '' ane tethI '" A pustaka vidyAthI o, kavi ane sarva jAsuone anulakSIne lakhAyela che, '' (lekhaka, prAkathana, pR. 6) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir chaMdaHzAstranI vipula mAhitI ane samaja A pustikAmAM cAra prakaraNA (pR. 1-104)mAM ApIne lekhaka gAgaramAM sAgara bharavAne prazaMsanIya prayatna karyAM che. 'saMskRta chanduHzAstra H udgama ane vikAsa " nAmaka prakaraNu 1 ( pR. 1-15 )mAM nIcenA muddAonI rajUAta ane carcA karavAmAM AvI :-(1) utpatti, (2 6 chandasa ' zabdanI vyutpatti, (3) prAcInatA, (4) vaidika chaMdanA vikAsa darzAvatA lakSaNlR granthA ane (5) lokika chaMdanA vikAsa darzAvatA lakSaNa graMthA. khyAta vaidika cho'' nAmaka prakaraNu 2 (pR. 16-27)mAM (1) traNa saptako, (2) prathama saptakanA sAteya chaMdanA prakAro, (3) vadhu ANItA cha denAM lakSaNa, samajUtI ane udAharaNa ane uparyukta (4) chaMdA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA devatA, svara, vaNu ane RSie ane (5) vipUranI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. 4 praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM pracalita mAtrAmeLa chaMdya tathA viSama ane asama vRtto '' nAmaka prakaraNa 3 (pR. 28-55)mAM (1) saMjJA, (2) mAtrAmeLa chaMdA, (3) anuSTupa ( 4 ) khyAta viSamavRtto ane (5) khyAta ardhasamavRtto-A muddAnI carcA karavAmAM AvI che. ' praziSTa sa`skRta sAhityamAM pracalita samavRtto '' nAmaka prakaraNa 4 ( pR. 56104 )mAM nIcenA muddAnI carcA karavAmAM AvI che--(1) 6 thI 13 akSaranA pAdavALAM samavRtto, (2 14-21 akSaranA pAdavALAM khyAtavRtto, (3) saMskRta kavie kAvyaracanA karI hAya tevA alpaprayukta anya chaM sa`kSipta vivaraNu (4) ane 22 thI 26 'svAdhyAya', pR. 36, aMka 3-4, akSayatRtIyA -janmASTamI a', eprila-sapTembara 1926, pR. 201-308. svA 13 For Private and Personal Use Only

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203 surezacaMdra kAMTAvALA akSaravALA pAdavALAM khyAtavRtto daMDako, gAthAo prastAra ane pratyayo ane aMte " upasaMhAra" ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A pustikAmAM aMte be pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyA che; pariziSTa 1 (pR. 10pa-108)mAM saMskRta chaMdonAM lakSaNe saMdarbhasahita akArAdikramamAM ApavAmAM AvyAM che, jayAre pariziSTa 2 (pR. 109-112): " A pustakanA ide-eka najaramAM zIrSaka anusAra noMdha karavAmAM AvI che. pustikAnA aMte upayogI eka nAnI sarakhI saMkSipta saMdarbha graMthasUca" ApavAmAM AvI che. (pR. 113-115) A graMthamAM-A pustikAmAM-je je chaMdazAstranA lekhako ane graMthane ulekha thayuM che, tenI sAlavArInuM eka koSTaka ApavAmAM AvyuM hota, to vAcakavargane vadhu lAbhadAyaka banata. vaLI, chaMdanA guNa ane deza temaja aucityanI carcA, rajUAta karavAmAM AvI hota, te vidyArthIgaNa ane sAmAnya vAcakane te vadhu upayogI thAta, ema lAge che. kaThina viSayanI rajUAta ane sarala carcA, subodhabhASAmAM ApavA mATe Do. zAhane abhinaMdana ApatAM AnaMda thAya che ane AzA sevIe chIe ke bhaviSyamAM chanda zAstra upara anya graMtha che. zAha vAcakavargane Apaze. " yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa " paNa A prakAzana mATe abhinaMdanane pAtra bane che. vaDodarA. surezacaMdra kAMTAvALA kathAthI kavitA sudhI: harIndra dave, prakAzaka : DaeN. hasu yAjJika, mahAmAtra, gujarAta sA. akAdamI, daphatara bhaMDAra bhavana, sekaTara 17, gAMdhInagara, prathama AvRtti H julAI 1992 mUlya rU. 60=00, pR. 8 + 436. * sthAthI kavitA sudhI' harIndra davene "jIvana ane sAhitya vizenA nibaMdho ane saMgraha che. graMthanA moTA bhAganA lekhe 1966 thI 73 daramyAna "muMbaI samAcAra'nI kaTAra kalamanI pAMkhe' mATe lakhAyelA che. graMtha cAra khaMDamAM vaheMcAyelo che. prathama khaMDamAM kathAsvarUpa ane sAhityane sparzatA praznonI carcA che. vivecakadaSTine lAbha sauthI vadhu A khaMDane maLe che. graMthaparicayanA trIjA khaMDamAMya vivecanAnA aMze che. bIjA khaMDamAM deza-videzanA sarjakovicArakonA rasALa caritralekhe che, jyAre cothA khaMDamAM bahuzruta lekhake vividha sAhitya vAMcatAM vAMcatAM karelAM TAMcaNa che. Ama A daLadAra graMtha jijJAsu vAcakane rasa ane vaividhyapUrNa sAmagrI pUrI pADavAnI kSamatA dharAve che. ahIM gahana-gaMbhIra vivecanAmAM UtaravA karatAM jIvanane dhabakAra jhIlavAnuM valaNa vizeSa prabaLa che. jIvana ane sAhityanA vizALa kSetramAM mukta vihAra karatAM A lakhANone nibaMdhanA sumAthata kalAsvarUpanI oLakha ApavAne badale chUTaka lekhe ke lakhANe kahevAthI vadhu nyAya ApI zakAze. traNa vyAkhyAnane Ameja karate prathama lekha " kathAyAtrA" abhyAsasabhara ane mAtabara che. emAM navalakathAnA viSayavastu, pAtra, zailI vizenA manabhara, maulika abhiprAya, talAvagAhI abhyAsa tathA sUjha-samaja pragaTa thAya che, svarUpa vizenI AraMbhanI carcA ghaNI prabhAvazALI che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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abhyAvakanA 2-3 navalakathAnA gadyanI carcA karatAM teo eka sarasa tAraNa Ape che: " "vacanAmRta "nA gadyane sAMpradAyikatAmAM na bAMdhyuM hota te emAMthI gujarAtanA sarjake potAnI bhASAnuM AgavuM gadya upajAvyuM hata par pahelA ja pagalAthI gujarAtI navalakathAe pazcima sAme mukha pheravyuM te hajI te ja dazAmAM jevA kare che."(pR. 6) alabatta A atavyApti svabhAvika rIte ja medhANInI sAthe pannAlAlane paNa e ja khAnAmAM mUkI de che. munazInuM mUlyAMkana cIlAcAlu che, paNa sarasvatIcaMdra'nuM TUMkuM ane supyu che. lekhakanuM pradhAna kathAyatavya che : navalakathAmAMthI mANasa na nIpaje to e uttama Tekanika sAthene nibaMdha ja thAya.' navalakathAkAre pUrNatayA mANasane cItaravAne che te samajAvatAM teo mahAbhAratanA duryodhana ane arjunano dAkhalo ApI baMne pAtronI maryAdA-vizeSatA atyaMta rocaka rIte pragaTa kare che; paraMtu te pAtra vizenI Tekanikala carcA banatI nathI. teo raMjakakata ane navalakathA vacce bheda saceta rIte darzAve che. bIjA vyAkhyAmAM mANasane mApadaMDa ' laIne 1970 pachInI, paNuM hAthavagI navalakathAonI cakAsaNI thAya che. ahIM teo eka udAradila, spaSTavaktA, nirbhIka ane marmajJa vivecaka tarIka UpasI Ave che. bakSInI lakhAvaTamAM AvatAM "smArTa janaralAIjhezansa' saMdarbhe teo ramaNalAla desAIne yAda kare che. teDAgara nAM raghuvIre "dareka prakaraNa aTakI aTakIne vAMcavAnI ' ApelI sUcanA para Takora karatAM kahe che : 'daravAjA para tALuM che. tame cAvIthI kholIne ja aMdara praveza' jevI A sUcanA che ! lakhANane avara rajUAtanI vyAkhyAnazailInI maryAdA naDI che, chatAM navalakathAne jovA-tapAsavAnI lekhakanI AgavI daSTa ApaNane AkarSI rahe che. A mAtabara lekha vAMcyA pachI bIjo lekha "kaLA, ItihAsa ane prApriyatA ' vAcakane nirAza karavAne, chatAM keTalAMka nirIkSaNe dhyAnAha banyAM che. temane mate "karaNaghela" chellAM se varasanI pragatine bhAra pitAnA khabhA para UMcakI zake eTalI baLavAna" che. tAliyAra khAnanI 'ratnalamI'nuM gadya gujarAtI navalakathAnA utkrAMtikramamAM anAyAsa sthAna meLave tevuM baliSTha che " eTaluM kahIne ja teo aTakI jatA nathI, daSTAMte dvArA maMtavyanuM samarthana kare che. parIkSaNa-nirIkSaNanI sAdhAra rajuAta e vivecanakSetranI anivAryatA lekhI zakAya. Aje vivecakI navalakathAnuM kaDaka 5rIkSaNa nathI karatA tenA vize teo yogya nukatecInI kare che. pazcimanuM anukaraNa karI uchInA jIvananuM nirUpaNa karavA sAmene temano virodha vAraMvAra pragaTa thAya che. vArtA vizenI carcA karatAM paNa teo praga pravaNatAnI sAme mANasane mahimA kare che. vArtAmAM jIvanaspaMdana paheluM pachI bhASA ne Tenika, vana vaTAvyA chatAM TUMkI vArtA prayogonA vanamAM aTavAyelI temane jaNAya che. bIja khaMDanA 27 sarjako vizenA caritralekhe guNagrAhI dRSTi ane rocaka rajUAtane laIne vAcakane caritra pratye ahobhAva ane vismayathI bharI de che, bahudhA TAMcaNa samA hovA chatAM A lekhAmAM caritranI mahattA ane khUbIo prabhAvaka rIte Upase che. emAM vyaktinA janma-maraNa jIvanasAhitya-sthaLavizeSanI saMpUrNa ke silasilAbaMdha mAhitI na maLe; paraMtu vyaktine oLakhavA mATe, tenA jIvanakAryane jA mATe, tenA sAhityane mANavA mATe utsuka avazya banI javAya. ahIM eDana neza, dayArAma, karasanadAsa mANeka, svAmI AnaMdanA caritralekhe AsvAdya banyA che. lekhaka mahAna vyaktinA jIvanaprasaMge parathI sarva sAmAnya tAraNa kADhatA For Private and Personal Use Only

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takSA yAsa 2he che. semyuala beMkaTanAM nATakonI prekSakAnI daSTie niSphaLa bhajavaNIne prasaMga TAMkIne teo kahe che ke "samakAlIna mUlyAMkane keTalAM asthAyI hoya che! paraMtu katinI avamAnanA chatAM potAnI sAdhanAmAM acala rahenArA sarjakane chevaTe prajAe svIkRti ApavI ja paDe che." AvAM tAraNa dvArA teo caratrane vizALa pariprekSyamAM mUkI Ape che. emanAM keTalAMka mUlyAMkane ApaNuM mana jItI le che. jema ke caM. cI. nI bhASA vize teo kahe che: "A badhuM e vahetI kalame lakhe che. kalama kayAMya zvAsa levA rokAtI nathI. bhASAne kayAMya Thesa lAgatI nathI.' (122 ) mahApuruSenA caritrAnI prerakatA tarapha temanuM lakSa raheluM che. caritranA uttamAMgane ujAgara karavA te mArmika prasaMgone AdhAra le che, jemake banDa raselane nobela pAritoSaka ghaNuM moDuM maLyuM te saMdarbha eliyaTe temane lakhelo patra ane rasela vALele uttara. mAthI sabhara, anaupacArika Dhabe ane svIrapaNe lakhAyelAM A lakhANe AkarSaka banyAM che, paraMtu sarvarapaNuM kaTalIkavAra asamatulA saje che. jema ke dayArAmanA caritrAMkanane AraMbha temanI mahattAnI prabhAvaka rajUAtathI thAya che. lekhanazailI saMdarbhe paNa e moTI apekSA jagADe che, paraMtu AgaLa jatAM te saMtoSAtI nathI. garabInI carcAmAM udAharaNe ane viSayavastunuM vivaraNa prastArI banI jAya che. amuka pAThAMtaranI carcA lekhamAM barAbara goThavAtI nathI. e ja rIte I. ema. phesTaranA lekhamAM temanA navalakathA vicAra saMdarbhe navalakathAnA svarUpanI carcA viSayAMtara lAge teTalI hade vitare che. svaravihAramAM punarAvartana, prastAra ane zithilatA eka svabhAvika maryAdA banI rahetI jaNAya che. sTIphana kenanA 29nI vaye mRtyune ulekha traNa vAra Ave che. deza ane duniyAnI dhaTanAonA spaMdane jAgatI medhANInI sarjakatAne ulekha eka ja pAna para (pR 187) be vAra Ave che. jayaMta khatrI paranA lakhANanA trIjA khaMDamAM khatrInI eka vArtAnA eka saMvAdane AdhAra laIne sarjananI akaLatAne ukelavAnI mathAmaNa aMge carcA che. emAM khatrI kayAMya AvatA nathI. kautukarAgI valaNa lekhakane pAmatA ke cabarAkiyAM pratye dorI jAya tevuM bane che. maDiyAnA caritrAMkanamAM caritranAyakanI rekhAo UpasavAne badale pAmatA ane lAgaNInA pravAhamAM taNAI jatI vAkchaTA pragaTe che. petAnI oraDInA ekAMtamAM vasatA viSNuprasAda trivedInI vAta karatAM teo kahe che, "teo bhAgye ja koIne maLe che. hakIkatamAM suratane AMgaNethI koIpaNa sAhityasevI bhAgye ja temane maLyA vinA jate; bake oraDInI aMdara rahIne teo AsapAsanI prakRtine, paryAvaraNane, sAhityaka-jAgatika pravAhone sauthI vadhu jIvatA hatA. sauthI vadhu lokone maLatA hatA ! A caritralekhAmAM dayAna kheMcanArI bAbata te vyakti ane tenA sAhityaka kAryanI mahattA pArakhavAnI lekhakanI maulika dRSTi. ThAkoranA "ArohaNa mAM teo astitvavAdI vicAradhArAnA vizva karatAM vahelA aNasAra jue che. trIja khaMDanAM graMthaparicayanAM lakhANamAM ghaNAM pustakonAM TUMkA-preraka ane sa-rasa mUlyAMkana maLe che. ahIM lekhakane abhigama kartAlakSI, guNAnurAgI ane raMgadazI ja rahyo che. nAnI pAlakhIvALAnA pustaka "vI, dha pIpala'ne teo "bhAratanI prajAne mAM dastAveja' gaNAve che. "abhijJA'nI carcA karatAM kahe che, " "abhijJA mAM umAzaMkara ApaNane sabhara sabhara maLyA che." kAvyasaMgrahanI bAbatamAM emAMthI maLatI "zuddha kavitAnI thoDI paMktio"nuM garave karavAnuM valaNa pragaTatuM rahe che " bArIbahAra'nI carcAmAM kAntanuM smaraNa karatAM teo For Private and Personal Use Only

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acAvo na kahe che, " ' pUrvAlApa'mAM prakaTa thayelI racanAomAM ja temanuM jIvanakArya pUru thaI jAya che. ane emAM paNa keTaluM badhuM kAvya che ? '' khIjI bAju kAnta vizenA lakhANamAM te sundaranA A zabdone samarthita kare che: " potAnA vipula kAvyasarjanamAMthI kAMte uccakakSAnI amuka kRtione ja saMgrahamAM mUkI ane kAMtanI pote pasaMda karelI kRtiomAMthI eke sAme AMgaLI cIMdhI zakAya tema nathI. " baMne vidhAna vacce kaTale virodha che! ma'dAmAlA ', ' asUrya leka ' ane 'paraloke patra' paranA paricayalekhA satapaka banyA che. gujarAtI vibhAga ArTasa kaoNleja, vyArA, ji. surata Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir gAthA khaMDanuM mathALuM cheH ' sarja kartA : jhAjhAM TAMcaNu, gheADA vicAra ' 132 pAnAM rakatAM A chUTaka TAMcaNA rasapUrNa vAMcana pUruM pADe che. lekhakanI bahuzrutatAnA paricaya ApatI A sAmagrI avanavI mAhitI ane vicArAthI AkarSe che. vaividhyapUrNa sAmagrI dharAvatA A graMtha e praznaneA jagADe che; pustakanuM mUlyAMkana kaI rIte karavuM-kRtilakSI rIte ? lakhANanA hetune dhyAnamAM rAkhIne? prathama dRSTie emAM keTalIka maryAdA e-apUNuM tAe maLI Ave. ekasUtratA-sadhanatA-pUrNatAnA abhAva varatAya. khIcha dRSTie e rasapUNuM vAcanasAmagrI pUrI pADe, enI garAgitA manane jItI le ane kRti-kartAsAhitya pratye viziSTa dRSTikothI jovA mATe vAcakane abhimukha kare. .. mya amArI lAkheNI jAtrA :-lekhaka : gagAdAsa - prAgajI mahetA, pra, hemata ema. kusuma prakAzana, 61 e, nArAyaNunagara sAsAyaTI, jayabhikhkhu mArga, pAlaDI, amadAvAda-380 007, prathama AvRtti, 1997, pR. 214, mUlya rU. 60/-. zAha, yAdadAsta chetarAmaNI ne bhrama pedA karanArI che, savAre banele prasaMga sAMje yAda AvatuM nathI to varSA pahelA banelI koI ghaTanA tenI pUrI vigate smRtipaTa upara chavAi jAya che. AvI taraMgI ne koTAbAja yAdadAstanA sathavAre lakhanAra potAne thayela anubhavAnI vAteAnuM ahI haLavAzathI Alekhana karavA dhAre che' pustakanA chellA pUMThA para lakhAyelA lekhakanA A zabda pustakanA paricAyaka banI rahe che. dakSA vyAsa For Private and Personal Use Only vivadha avataraNa ane lekhakanI kakSita ' mAMDyo mera ne pUryA si`dAra ' jevA zo kathI ArabhAtA A graMtha anekavidha viSayAne AvarI le che. te prakaraNAne apAyelAM lakhApUrvakanA zIrSako paN eTalA ja AkarSaka lAge che jeTalI aMdaranI sAmagrI. jema ke ' sakeluM te dhamake rUDI dhudharI, ukheluM tyAM Tahuke jhINA mAra re,' 'AMkhalaDImAM aSADhanI helI che, haiyAmAM prema raganI zailI che' vagere. pustakamAM lekhake leAkakathA, daMtakathA, kAvyapa`ktio, philmanA prasaMgo, videza pravAsanI vAta tathA anubhaveA darzAvIne sAmagrInA rasathALa pIrasyo che. potAne kAika na maLatI vigatenI bahu nikhAlasatAthI kabUlAta paNa karI che. dA. ta. ...A banAva kayAre banyuM enI taiAMdha

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203 jayaMta umarekriyA maLatI nathI ke lokajIbhe paNa sacavAI nathI, " ( pR. 50 ) tA ghaNI jagyAe lakhAyelAM vAkyo lekhakanI tattvaciMtaka dine paNa paricaya karAvI jAya che. dA. ta. ' uddana vana adhu magaja ne sabhya. AcAravicAra, koI paNa dezanI prazna mATe nIcu jovarAmaNuM revA che. " (pR. 193) mAnavamananA vivadha pAsAMonuM lekhake jhINI jhINI vigata dvArA sacoTa vahana karyuM che. varSo pahelA pAte jJeyelI philma GASLIGHT nA eka dazyanuM bahu TUMkamAM varNana karIne lekhaka sarasa vidhAna kare che. " gamatI cIja pArakAnI haihevA chatAM potAnI karI levAnI svAthI vRtta mAnavIne kuTila ane hevAna banAve che...mAnavInI khaliyata tA saccAInI ja rahI che. koI ajJAta bhramita vRtti ja mAnavIne na karavAnA kRtyo karavA prere che " (pR. 126 ) tA keTalIka bhUtakAlIna ghaTanAe para anumA dvArA lekhaka navIna prakAza pAthare che. dA. ta. pR. 129 para apAyelI kalApInA mRtyu vizenI noMdha. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir te sattAnI sAmArI dareka kSetramAM dhruvI cAlI rahI che tenI vAta karatAM lekhaka kahe che ke * vainiyAo sattA para hoya che. teTalA pUratA teonA ALa vararAjA jevA thAya che. '' ( pU. 8 ) kavi kalApInAM bhInna panI robhanA sAthenA kavinA praznakissAnI vAta karatAM lekhaka kahe che " rAja eTale sattA, dolata ane manamAM Ave tenuM bhUMDuM karavAnI zakti, ' pustakamAM lokagIta para bAdhArita kA,pakti dvArA lekhake sarasa prasaMgo darzAvyA che. " tananAM karatA mananAM kajoDAM sa`sAramAM hoLI cAMpe che." prakaraNamAM apAyeluM kajoDAnuM gIta nakkara vAstavikatAne anumAdana Ape che. kAcImAM kakaDI ne ghATImAM pANI nAnA vara navarAvavA beThI, samaDI gai tANI ghaDiyAmAM ghAlI huM to pherA pharI cAra reATalA ghaDavA besuM tyAre cAnakI mAge ba daIne TIkA mAruM mArA haiyAmAM vAge potAnA pati bhale nAno rahyo paraMtu patinA duHkhane patAnuM duHkha samajanAra mAM bhAratIya nArInA darzana thAya che. kAnAkuvara, have to mAthA sakhaLAM rAkho " prakaSNumAM-- sAthe sIsamane kiyA ga pIluDInA pAyA mArA dAdAnA khetaramAM kai kADAlA ghauM vAvyA. jevA lokagItanuM rasadarzana karAvIne prakaraNane te gAMDA banI gayelA kAnAno ane gAMDI bhAine mA prasaga AlekhyuM che. For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAbhAra svIkA2 A uparAMta lekhakanA amerikA, jApAna vagere dezAnA pravAsanI vAte tyAMnI sAMskRti paricaya karAvI jAya che. lekhake yAtrA daramyAna te joyelA sthaLAnuM vadhyuM na nahI. pazu te yAtrA daramyAna ghaTelA banAve, anubhave ane saMsmaraNAnuM Alekhana karyuM che. pote karelA videza pravAsanA varSo nAmAM lekhake jApAnane vizeSa mahattva ApyuM che. tyAnI vyaktimAM UbharAve, dezaprema, buddhimattA, mahenatu svabhAva ane tyAMnA lAkanI zista, vaphAdArInA prasa`ge asarakAraka ane anusaraNIya che. prAcyavidyA madira, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA, Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pustakanA aMtabhAgamAM 'gAMdhIjI...' zIka atargata apAyelA lekhe pramANamAM nIrasa banI raryuM che. ghaNI jagyAe mudraguMde paNa rahI gayA che. dA. ta. gujarAtI sAhityanI prathama navalikAnuM zIrSaka * govAlaNI ne badale " gALAlaNI ' chapAyuM che. kramAMka ApyA vinAnAM prakaraNA ane anukramaNikA vinAnI zarUAta vAcaka mATe aDacaNurUpa banI rahe che. uparAMta ' me ghaDI mAja ', meAjamAha jevA sAmiyakonAM nAmanuM vAraMvAra thatuM punarAvartana padma kahe che 1 ekadare anubhavA, za'mArA ane kheDelA prayAsanI rasapracura vAge A pustakanA vAcanane rasaprada jarUra banAvI rahe che. jayaMta umareThiyA 201 sAbhAra svIkAra : puSTiciyAnam : sa' ane pra. gosvAmI zrI zyAmamanohara lAlajI, 64, svastika sAsAyaTI, nAtha-sAutha roDa na* 4, juThThuM skIma, pArale (kaisTa), muMbaI-4* 056, 1990, 1, 22 +172, kiMmata : vinAmUlye. ra jaina gUrjara kavio bhAga-8, bhAga-9 ane bhAga 10: saproyAjaka-mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, saM. jya Mte kaThArI, pra. maMtrIzrI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, oMgaSTa kAryana mArga, muMbaI-36, 1996, pR. 355, 373 ane 226 ( kramazaH ), kiMmata : rUA. 16 0=00 ( bhAga-8 ), rU|. 160m00 (bhAga-9) ane rUA. 120=00 { bhAga-1 ). 3 upalabdhi : sa. nItina vyAsa ane subhASa dave, pra. DaoN. bI. jI. kAunDezana, 17- kArviMka'ja, kArelIbAga, vaDAdarA-390018, 1927, pR. 1+484, kiMmata: rUA. 200=00, 4 Udhdha'pANi : le, praviNa darajI, pa. gUjara matharatna kAryAlaya, ratanapeLa nAkA sAme, gAMdhI roDa, amadAvAda-380001, 1996, pR. 152, kiMmataH rUA. 60=00 For Private and Personal Use Only 5. pacama : le. ane pra. upara mujaba, 1996, pRSTha. 152, kiMmata : rUA. 60=00 anusaMdhAna : saMkalana~mAcArya vijazIlasUrI ane harivallabha bhAyANI, , kalikAla- sarvajJa zrIhemacandrAcArya nayama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra ziSunidhi, amadAvAda, 1997, pR. 120, kiMmata: 35, 31=00,

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Statement about the ownership and other particulars about newspapers SVADHYAYA ( uwara ) (To be published in the first issue every year after the last day of February) FORM IV (See Rule 8) Oriental Institute, M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara. 1 Place of the Publication : 2 Periodicity of its Publicatian : Three Months-Dipotsavi, Vasantapancami, Aksayatsiya, Janmastami 3 Printer's Name : Prof: (Dr.) R. I, Nanavati ( Whether citizen of India ?) Yes (If foreigner, state the country of origin) Address: B-103, Rajlaxmi Society, Old Padra Road, Vadodara-390 005. 4 Publisher's Name : Prof. (Dr.) R. I. Nanavati (Whether citizen of India ? ) Yes (If foreigner, state the country of origin) Address : B-103, Rajlaxmi Society, Old Padra Road, Vadodara-390 005. 5 Editor's Name : Prof. (Dr.) R. I. Nanavati (Whether citizen of India ?) Yes (If foreigner, state the country of origin) Address : B-103, Rajlaxmi Society, Old Padra Road, Vadodara-390 005. The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara. Names & addresses of Individuals who own the newspaper and partners or shareholders holding more than one percent of the total capital I, R. I. Nanavati, hereby declare that the particulars given above are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. R. I. Nanavati Signature of Publisher For Private and Personal Use Only

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Regd No. 921973 kaalolaale ppilaale laalce culshnii, kAjapatgdhamAM najara manajoi%onon: 4rareganeSabhAi, lyaashcubaitthlaa.gNsthaagsistihaathrtdhulaa | yuriTIjhaE2Nphona = jattIkAma 18Latargata che, kema ke jo saabaaiduHtthe premeshel 50aar'e| 'jonInabaTara 2025 daheThaLa 53 story sthAna | OM A ja 28 23 dra raghurAma dIkSita kRta azvamedhayajJakathA [ prAyavidyA mandira, hastaprata kra, 23002 ] saMpAdaka ane prakAzaka : mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI opha baroDA vatI prA. rAjendra khAI. nANAvaTI, niyAmaka, prAcyavidhA mandira, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA; mudraka: zrI pralAda nArAyaNa zrI vAstava, menejara, dhI ema. esa. yunivarsiTI opha baroDA presa (sAdhunA prasa), rAjamahela roDa, vaDodarA-790 01, jAnyuArI, 1998 For Private and Personal Use Only