Sramana 2002 07

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525047/1

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zramaNa SRAMANA julAI-disambara 2002 pArzvanAtha vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI

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zramaNa SRAMANA - julAI-disambara 2002 vArANasI wics samvaramagavaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI

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amapA |pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA varSa 53, aMka 7-12, julAI-disambara 2002 saMyuktAMka pradhAna-sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DaoN0 zivaprasAda prakAzaka . pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI. mArga, karauMdI po.oN. -- bI. eca.yU. vArANasI-221005 (u.pra.) e-mail : parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com dUrabhASa : 0542-2575521, 2570046 ISSN-0972-1002 varSika sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru. 150.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru. 100.00 isa aMka kA mUlya : ru. 50.00 AjIvana sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru. 1000.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru. 500.00 noTa : sadasyatA zulka kA ceka yA DrAphTa kevala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nAma hI bheje|

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sampAdakIya zramaNa julAI-disambara 2002 kA saMyuktAMka pAThakoM ke samakSa upasthita karate hue hameM santoSa evaM harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| aparihArya kAraNoM se varSa 2002 ke prathama aura dvitIya aMka janavarI-jUna 2002 saMyuktAMka ke rUpa meM hama disambara mAha meM pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta kara ske| usake bAda hamArA yahI prayAsa rahA ki 2002 ke zeSa do aMka bhI hama pAThakoM ko atizIghra preSita kara sakeM aura pariNAmasvarUpa zramaNa kA yaha aMka julAI-disambara 2002 Apake samakSa prastuta hai| zramaNa ke isa aMka meM jaina sAhitya, darzana evaM itihAsa se sambandhita 15 Alekha prakAzita haiN| hamArA yahI prayAsa rahatA hai ki ukta viSayoM para likhe gaye prAmANika evaM vivAdarahita Alekha hI zramaNa meM prakAzita hoN| hama apane prayAsa meM kahA~ taka saphala hue haiM yaha nirNaya pAThaka svayaM kreN| zramaNa kA yaha aMka Apako kaisA lagA? isa sandarbha meM Apa apane sujhAvoM evaM niSpakSa AlocanAoM se hameM avazya avagata karAne kI kRpA kareM tAki isameM Avazyaka saMzodhana/parimArjana kiyA jA ske| sammAnanIya lekhakoM se nivedana hai ki zramaNa meM prakAzanArtha preSita AlekhoM kA sandarbha mUlagranthoM se milAna kara hI bhejeN| jaina dharma, darzana evaM itihAsa se sambandhita maulika evaM aprakAzita Alekha zramaNa meM prakAzanArtha Amantrita haiN| sampAdaka

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julAI-disambara2002 saMyuktAMka sampAdakIya viSayasUcI hindI khaNDa 1. tIrthaDara ariSTanemi ___- DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya . 1-11 2. AcArya haribhadra kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana 12-21 - DaoN0 sudhA jaina 3. AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta 'upadezapada' : eka adhyayana 22-36 - DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI' 4. jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna - ku0 madhulikA 37-51 5. 'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA viSayaka eka aura pramANa 52-54 - zrI vedaprakAza garga arbudamaNDala meM jainadharma - DaoN0 sohanalAla pATanI 55-60 7. itihAsa kI gauravapUrNa virAsata : kA~gar3A ke jaina mandira 61-62 - zrI mahendra kumAra 'masta' ayodhyA se prApta abhilekha meM ullikhita nayacandra rambhAmaJjarI ke kartA nahIM - zivaprasAda 9. kharataragaccha-rudrapallIya zAkhA kA itihAsa - zivaprasAda 65-93 10. jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa - zrI dulIcanda jaina 94-105 11. jaina Agama sAhitya meM naraka kI mAnyatA - DaoN manISA sinhA / 106-110 12. sAmAjika-rAjanaitika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna : anekAnta 111.115 - DaoN0 hemalatA boliyA 13, jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna - DaoN0 zailabAlA zarmA 116-124 aMgrejI khaNDa 14. Jaina Kosa Literature Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh 125-159 15. vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM 160-163 16. jaina jagat 164-167 17. sAhitya-satkAra 168-176 63-64

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tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya pratyeka dharma meM AsthA kA kendra upAsya aura Adarza ke rUpa meM kisI mahAn vyaktitva ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| aise mahanIya vyaktitva ko hindU-paramparA meM IzvarAvatAra ke rUpa meM, bauddha-paramparA meM buddha ke rUpa meM evaM jaina-paramparA meM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaGkara jaina-dharma aura jaina-sAdhanA ke prANa haiN| jaina-dharma kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki pratyeka kAlacakra meM aura pratyeka kSetra meM eka nizcita saMkhyA meM kramaza: tIrthaGkaroM kA AvirbhAva hotA hai aura ve dharma mArga kA pravartana karate haiN| jaina-dharma meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI avadhAraNA pAyI jAtI hai jo paryApta prAcIna hai| prAcIna aMga AgamoM meM 'tIrthaGkara' zabda kA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hai; kintu unameM pAye jAne vAle arahanta kI avadhAraNA se hI tIrthaGkaroM kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai| prAcIna stara ke jaina-granthoM meM sabase pahale uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke 23veM adhyayana meM mahAvIra aura pArzva ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM "dharma tIrthaGkara jina' zabda prayukta huA hai| yadi purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ko dekheM to paTanA jile ke lohAnIpura se tIrthaGkara kI mauryakAlIna pratimA upalabdha to huI hai; kintu ise tIrthaGkara kI avadhAraNA ke vikasita svarUpa kA pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki mathurA ke abhilekhoM (IsA pUrva prathama zatI se dUsarI zatI) meM tIrthaGkara ke sthAna para 'arahata' zabda kA prayoga dekhA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI upalabdha sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAroM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI pUrva 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI avadhAraNA sunizcita ho gayI thii| vartamAna avasarpiNI-kAla ke 24 tIrthaGkaroM meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi 22veM tIrthaGkara mAne gaye haiN|' ye 23veM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke pUrvavartI tathA kRSNa ke samakAlika mAne gaye haiN| aitihAsikatA- Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha ariSTanemi kI aitihAsikatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| DaoN0 phyUrara ne jenoM ke 22veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ko aitihAsika vyakti mAnA hai| DaoN0 prANanAtha vidyAlaGkAra ne kAThiyAvAr3a meM prabhAsapATana se prApta eka tAmrapatra ko par3hakara batAyA hai ki vaha bAbula deza ke samrATa nebuzadanez2ara ne utkIrNa karAyA thA, jinake pUrvaja devAnagara ke rAjyAdhikArI bhAratIya the| samrATa nebuzadanez2ara ne bhArata meM Akara giranAra parvata para *. variSTha pravaktA, jaina vidyA vibhAga, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 bhagavAn ariSTanemi kI vandanA kI thii| isake atirikta itihAsakAroM ne kRSNa ko jaba aitihAsika puruSa mAnA hai to unake cacere bhAI ariSTanemi bhI aitihAsika puruSa hI siddha hote haiN| : - Rgveda meM cAra sthaloM para 'ariSTanemi' zabda vyavahRta huA hai aura ye cAroM hI nAma bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke lie prayukta hue haiM, aisA pratIta hotA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vedoM meM ullikhita ariSTanemi ko jainoM kA ariSTanemi kahanA pUrNatayA ThIka nahIM hai| jaina paramparA ariSTanemi ko zrIkRSNa kA guru mAnatI hai| isI AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne chAndogya upaniSad meM devakI - putra kRSNa ke guru ghora aGgIrasa ke sAtha ariSTanemi kI sAmyatA batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| " usakA AdhAra yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki aGgIrasa ne kRSNa ko upadeza dete hue kahA thA ki jaba mAnava kA anta nikaTa ho to use tIna vAkyoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhie 'tadvaitaddddhora AGgirasaH kRSNAya devakIputrAyoktvovAcApipAsa eva sa vabhUva so'ntavelAyAmetatrayaM pratipadyetAkSitamasyacyutamasi prANasa zitamasIti tatraite dve Rcau bhavata: '5 prastuta kathana kI tulanA hama jaina Agama antakRtdazAGga' meM Aye hue bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke bhaviSya ke kathana se kara sakate haiN| dvArikA kA vinAza aura zrIkRSNa kI jaratkumAra ke hAtha se mRtyu hogI yaha sunakara zrIkRSNa cintita hote haiM taba unheM bhagavAn isI prakAra kA upadeza sunAte haiN| dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kA mata hai ki aGgIrasa bhagavAn neminAtha kA hI nAma thaa| Rgveda, yajurveda' aura sAmaveda" meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi ko tArkSya ariSTanemi kahA gayA hai-- 15 n svasti naH indro vRddhazravAH svasti naH pUSA vizvavedAH / svastinastArkSyo'riSTanemiH svasti no bRhaspatidadhAtu / / 11 - 12 vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki vedoM meM prayukta ariSTanemi zabda 22 veM tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| mahAbhArata meM bhI 'tArkSya' zabda kA prayoga bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke apara nAma ke rUpa meM huA hai| yajurveda 14 meM ariSTanemi kA ullekha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki adhyAtmayajJa ko prakaTa karane vAle, saMsAra ke bhavya jIvoM ko saba prakAra se yathArtha upadeza dene vAle aura jinake upadeza se jIvoM kI AtmA balavAna hotI hai una sarvajJa neminAtha ke lie Ahuti samarpita karatA huuN| 15 mahAbhArata ke anuzAsanaparva, adhyAya 149 ( pUnA saMskaraNa 135.50,82) meM tathA viSNusahasranAma meM do sthAnoM para 'zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH' pada kA ullekha huA haiazokastAraNastAraH zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH / / 50 / / kAlaneminihA vIraH zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH / / 82 // vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki prastuta sthaloM para "zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH " ariSTanemi

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tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi : 3 ke lie prayukta huA hai| dhyAna dene yogya hai ki 'zauri' zabda kA prayoga purANoM meM vAsudeva evaM zrIkRSNa ke lie bhI huA hai| vartamAna meM AgarA jile meM baTezvara ke nikaTa zauripura nAmaka eka sthAna hai jo prAcIna yuga meM yAdavoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| jarAsandha ke bhaya se yAdava loga yahIM se bhAgakara dvArikApurI meM jA base the| zauripura meM hI ariSTanemi kA janma huA thaa| ata: unheM zauri bhI kahA gayA hai| ve jinezvara to the hI. ata: adhika sambhAvanA hai ki 'zUraH zaurirjanezvara' zabda bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke lie prayukta huA hai| prasiddha dArzanika DaoN0 esa0 rAdhAkRSNan ne bhI yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIrthaGkaroM kA ullekha mAnA hai|6 prabhAsapurANa meM bhI revatAdrau jinonemiyugAdi vimalAcale' kahakara ariSTanemi kI stuti kI gayI hai| skandapurANa ke prabhAsa khaNDa meM kucha zloka isa prakAra haiM bhavasya pazcime bhAge vAmanena tapaH kRtm| tenaiva tapasAkRSTaH zivaH prtyksstaaNgtH|| padmAsanaH samAsInaH zyAmamUrti digmbrH| neminAtha zivo'thaivaM nAmacakre'sya vaamnH|| ina zlokoM ke AdhAra para paM0 kailAzacanda zAstrI likhate haiM ki aisA pratIta hotA hai ki neminAtha kI zyAmavarNa padmAsana rUpa jaina mUrti ko ziva kI saMjJA de dI gayI hai| kailAzacandra zAstrI- jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, pR0 143. nandIsUtra meM RSibhASita kA ullekha milatA hai| RSibhASita jaina-paramparA ke Agama-granthoM meM AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke pazcAt kA sabase prAcInatama grantha hai, isakA sambhAvita racanAkAla I0pU0 cauthI zatAbdI hai| usameM 45 pratyeka buddhoM dvArA nirUpita 45 adhyayana haiM usameM nArada, vajjiyaputra, asita devala, bhAradvAja aGgirasa, puSpasAlaputra, valkalacIri Adi bIsa pratyekabuddha bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke samaya hue|8 ukta adhyayana ariSTanemi ke astitva ke svayaMbhUta pramANa haiN| prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN0 pI0sI0 dIvAna ke anusAra neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke bIca meM 84000 varSa kA antara hai| hinda purANoM meM isa bAta koI nirdeza nahIM hai ki vasudeva ke samudravijaya bar3e bhAI the aura unake ariSTanemi nAmaka koI putra thaa|9 karnala TaoNDa ne ariSTanemi ke sambandha meM likhA hai 'mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcInakAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| unameM pahale AdinAtha aura dUsare neminAtha the| neminAtha hI skeNDIneviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama oDina tathA cIniyoM ke prathama devatA the|20 ina vidvAnoM ke atirikta DaoN0 nagendranAtha basu, DaoN0 phyUrara, prophesara bAraneTa, misTara karavA, DaoN0 haridatta, DaoN0 prANanAtha vidyAlaGkAra prabhRti anya aneka vidvAnoM ne ariSTanemi ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnA hai|

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4 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 janma- triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, bhavabhAvanA, neminAhacariya tathA kalpasUtra kI TIkAoM meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke nau bhavoM kA varNana milatA hai| harivaMzapurANa evaM uttarapurANa Adi digambara-granthoM meM pA~ca bhavoM kA ullekha hai| ariSTanemi ke jIva ne sarvaprathama dhanukumAra ke bhava meM samyak darzana prApta kiyA thaa| rAjImatI ke jIva ke sAtha bhI unakA usI samaya se sneha sambandha calA A rahA thaa| zvetAmbara, digambara sabhI granthoM ke anusAra antima bhava meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA janma zaurIpura meM huaa|21 yaha kuzAvarta janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| jaina-granthoM ke ullekhAnusAra rAjA zauri ne apane laghu bhrAtA suvIra ko mathurA kA rAjya dekara kuzAvarta meM zauripura nagara basAyA thaa|23 sUtrakRtAGga meM aneka nagaroM ke sAtha zauripura kA bhI ullekha huA hai| vartamAna meM isakI pahacAna AgarA jile meM yamunA nadI ke kinAre baTezvara ke pAsa Aye hue sUryapura yA sUrajapura se kI jAtI hai|24 bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne jisa samaya zaurIpura meM janma liyA thA usa samaya vahA~ dvairAjya thaa|25 eka ora vRSNikula ke pramukha vasudeva rAjya karate the| jinakI do rAniyA~- rohiNI aura devakI se kramaza: balarAma aura kRSNa do putra the to dUsarI ora andhakakula ke pradhAna samudravijaya rAjya karate the jinakI paTarAnI kA nAma zivA thaa| inhIM samudravijaya aura zivA ke putra rUpa meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA jIva aparAjita mahAvimAna meM battIsa sAgaropama kA AyuSya bhoga kara varSA Rtu ke caturtha mAsa arthAt kArtika mAsa kI kRSNatrayodazI ko mAtA zivAdevI kI kukSi meM aayaa|26 AcArya jinasena aura guNabhadra kA mantavya hai ki kArtika zuklA SaSThI ke dina bhagavAn svarga se cyuta hokara garbha meM aae| varSA Rtu ke prathama mAsa zrAvaNa zuklA paJcamI ko 9 mAha pUrNa hone para citrA nakSatra ke yoga meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA janma huaa|27 digambara-paramparA ke samartha AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM vaizAkha zukla trayodazI ko bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA janma mAnA hai| ariSTanemi kA vaMza harivaMza evaM gotra gautama28 aura kula vRSNi thaa|29 andhaka aura vRSNi do bhAI the| vRSNi ariSTanemi ke dAdA the jinase vRSNi kula kA pravartana huaa| vRSNi kula meM pradhAna hone ke kAraNa ariSTanemi ko vRSNipuGgava bhI kahA gayA hai|3deg uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika meM unake kula ke rUpa meM andhakavRSNi kA hI ullekha milatA hai jinake tIna aura bhAI the--- rathanemi, satyanemi aura dRddh'nemi| antakRddazAGgavRtti meM ariSTanemi ke pitA samudravijaya ke vasudeva sahita 10 bhAiyoM (dazAha) kA ullekha hai|31 kRSNa ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| brAhmaNa-paramparA ke granthoM evaM jaina-granthoM meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA vaMza-paricaya isa prakAra hai

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5 tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi : vaidika-paramparA ke anusAra vaMza-paricaya zrATa andhaka svaphalka yudhAjita devamIDhuSa vRSi andhaka vasudeva Adi dazArha akrUra ariSTanemi zrIkRSNa 8 bhAI zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA ke anusAra ariSTanemi kA vaMza-paricaya __ yada vIra zaurI . bhoga vRSNi andhaka vRSNi 1. samudravijaya 2. akSobha ariSTanemi rathanemi satyanemi dRr3hanemi stimita - - sAgara himavAn acala dharaNa 7 7. pUraNa 9. abhicandra 10. vasudeva zrIkRSNa, balarAma digambara-paramparA ke harivaMzapurANa meM yad se narapati zUra aura vIra, sara se andhakavRSNi tathA andhakavRSNi se samudravijaya, akSobhya Adi dazA) tathA

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6 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 samudravijaya se mahAnemi, satyanemi, ariSTanemi Adi 13 bhAiyoM kA ullekha hai| ___bhagavAn ariSTanemi atyanta balazAlI evaM eka hajAra ATha zubha lakSaNoM22 evaM vajra RSabha nArAca saMhanana aura samacaturasra saMsthAna ke dhAraka the|32 ve 10 dhanuSa lambe aura madhura sura vAle the| ariSTanemi ke dhairya, zaurya aura prabala parAkrama kI aneka ghaTanAe~ jaina AgamoM meM varNita haiN|34 bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke pitA mahArAja samudravijaya aura mahArAnI zivA ne unakI cintanazIla evaM gambhIra mudrA se sazaMkita hokara samaya Ane para unakA vivAha bhojakala ke rAjA ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI se karanA nizcita kiyaa| vivAha ke pahale bArAta meM jAte hue ariSTanemi kA bAr3e meM banda kiye hue pazuoM kI cItkAra sunanA, sArathI se usakA kAraNa pUchanA tathA nirdoSa prANiyoM kI Asanna hiMsA se unake mana meM virakti paidA honA aura usake pazcAt pravrajyA grahaNa karanA Adi unake jIvana kI pramukha ghaTanAe~ haiN| inakA varNana vibhinna granthoM meM vibhinna prakAra se milatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM atyanta saMkSipta zailI apanAne ke kAraNa sArathI ko AbhUSaNa Adi dene ke pazcAt agalI gAthA meM dIkSA kA varNana hai to uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhAvRtti, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita aura bhavabhAvanA Adi granthoM meM bAda meM unake varSIdAna kA ullekha hai| caupannamahApurisacariyaM meM toraNa se lauTane ke pUrva varSIdAna kA ullekha hai jo anya AcAryoM ke varNana se mela nahIM khAtA hai| digambara-granthoM meM pUre kathAnaka ko alaga mor3a diyA gayA tathA unheM virakta karane ke lie kRSNa dvArA pazuoM ko ekatra karAne kA ullekha hai|35 sAdhaka jIvana Avazyakaniyukti ke anusAra caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM se bhagavAn mahAvIra, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, mallinAtha aura vAsupUjya ne prathamavaya meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI tathA zeSa tIrthaGkaroM ne pazcimavaya meN|36 bhagavAn ariSTanemi 300 varSa taka gRhastha Azrama meM rahakara zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina citrA nakSatra meM dvArikA nagarI ke raivataka nAmaka udyAna meM pravrajyA grahaNa kI thii|37 yahA~ yaha dhyAtaca hai ki dvArikA ariSTanemi kI janmabhUmi nahIM thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva evaM ariSTanemi ke atirikta sabhI 22 tIrthaGkaroM ne apanI janmabhUmi se hI abhiniSkramaNa kiyA thaa|28 ariSTanemi ke pAraNA ke sthAna ke sandarbha meM Avazyakaniyukti, Avazyaka malayagirivRtti tathA harivaMzapurANa sabhI ne dvArikA yA dvAravatI nagarI kA ullekha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara Agama tathA Agametara-sAhitya ke anusAra dIkSA lene ke pazcAt bhagavAn ariSTanemi 54 rAtri-divasa taka chadmastha paryAya meM rhe| isa bIca nirantara ve vyutsargakAya tyakta deha se dhyAnAvasthita rhe| varSA Rtu ke Azvina kRSNA amAvasyA ke dina urjayanta (raivata) nAmaka zaila zikhara para citrA nakSatra ke yoga meM unheM ananta, anuttara, nirvyAghAta kevala

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tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi : 7 jJAna prApta huaa|39 kevala jJAna kA samaya kyA thA isa viSaya meM samavAyAGga,40 Avazyakaniyukti,41 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2 tathA bhavabhAvanA 3 kA saMketa sUryodaya belA kI tarapha hai jabaki kalpasUtra meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne amAvasyA ke dina kA pazcima bhAga liyA hai| AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa4 tathA AcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa ne bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA chadmastha-kAla 56 dina mAnA hai aura unake kevala jJAna kA dina Azvina zuklA pratipadA mAnA hai, parantu yaha antara zvetAmbara aura digambara tithi-sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA bheda hI pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne jisa sthAna para dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, kevala jJAna bhI unheM usI sthAna para huaa|45 kevalajJAna kI prApti ke bAda bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kI aura tIrthaGkara pada prApta kiyaa| samavAyAGga,46 Avazyakaniyukti,47 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita,8 uttarapurANa Adi zvetAmbara tathA digambara-granthoM meM bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke 11 gaNa aura 11 gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai jinameM varadatta pramukha gaNadhara the| anya gaNadharoM kA vizeSa paricaya nahIM miltaa| kalpasUtra meM ariSTanemi ke 18 gaNa aura 18 gaNadharoM kA ullekha hai, parantu yaha antara kyoM hai isakA koI saMketa upalabdha nahIM hai| unake gaNa-samudAya meM 18,000 zramaNoM, 40,000 zramaNiyoM tathA anekoM zramaNopAsaka tathA zramaNopAsikAoM kI sampadA thii| __Ayu-- bhagavAn ariSTanemi kI Ayu kyA thI, isa sambandha meM prApta sAhityika sAkSya ekamata nahIM haiN| niyukti, vRtti aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke anusAra rathanemi 400 varSa gRhastha Azrama meM rahe, 1 varSa chadmastha rahe aura 500 varSa kevalI paryAya meM, isaprakAra unakA 900 varSa kA AyuSya thaa|51 isI prakAra kaumArAvasthA, chadmastha avasthA aura kevalI avasthA kA vibhAga karake rAjImati ne bhI utanA hI AyuSya bhogaa|52 bhagavAn ariSTanemi 300 varSa kumAra avasthA meM rahe, 700 varSa chadmastha aura kevalI avasthA meM vyatIta kara kula 1000 varSa kA AyuSya bhogaa| aba yadi uparyukta tathyoM ke Aloka meM ariSTanemi kA AyuSya dekheM to rathanemi, jo ariSTanemi ke laghu bhrAtA the 400 varSa gRhastha Azrama meM rahe, rAjImati bhI gRhastha Azrama meM 400 varSa rahIM jabaki ariSTanemi 300 vrss| sAhityika sAkSya se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki rAjImati aura ariSTanemi ke nirvANa meM 54 dinoM kA antara hai| aba yadi isa ullekha ko prAmANika mAnA jAya to isakA artha yaha hai ki rAjImati ariSTanemi 200 varSa pazcAt dIkSita huIM; kintu ariSTanemi kaivalya prApti ke bAda rAjImati kA 200 varSa taka dIkSita na honA tathA gRhastha Azrama meM rahanA eka aisI pahelI hai jisakA koI spaSTa hala najara nahIM aataa| vartamAna tIrthaGkaroM meM kevala pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI Ayu satya aitihAsika tathya ke rUpa meM varNita hai jo kramaza: 100 aura 72 varSa mAnI gayI hai| zeSa tIrthaGkaroM ke Ayu parimANa meM kalpanA hai, parantu vasudeva kRSNa ke netRtva meM

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8 T/ julAI - disambara 2002 zramaNa/ jarAsaMdha ke bhaya se yAdavoM ne mathurA se dvArikA kI ora prasthAna kiyA taba kRSNa kI Ayu lagabhaga 20 varSa kI thI aura kRSNa kI kula Ayu 125 varSa thii| jaina granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA se palAyana ke samaya ariSTanemi zizu the aura unakI Ayu usa samaya 4 varSa thii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ariSTanemi kI Ayu bhI 100 varSa yA 125 varSa se adhika nahIM thI / rAjImati kI dIkSA uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhAvRtti 53 evaM vAdivetAla zAntisUri racita 'bRhad vRtti' aura maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ke bhavabhAvanA 4 ke anusAra ariSTanemi ke prathama vacana ko sunakara hI rAjImati ne dIkSA le lI thii| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke anusAra gajasukumAla muni ke mokSa jAne ke bAda rAjImati nanda kI kanyA ekavAzA aura yAdavoM kI aneka mahilAoM ke sAtha dIkSA letI hai| jaina AgamoM meM rAjImati ko eka caritravAlI, viduSI mahilA evaM parama sAdhaka ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai jo rathanemi jaise pravrajita zramaNa ko bhI pratibodha detI hai tathA apane sabhI karmoM ko naSTa kara mukta hotI hai| bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke vihAra ariSTanemi ke vihAra-sambandhI ullekha AgamoM meM vistAra se upalabdha nahIM haiN| antakRddadazAGga meM unakA mukhya rUpa se dvArikA padhArane kA ullekha hai| ve malaya janapada kI rAjadhAnI bhaddilapura bhI padhAre the, aisA ullekha milatA hai Aja yaha gAMva jhArakhaNDa ke hajArIbAga jile ke bhadiyA nAmaka sthAna ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| Avazyaka niyukti ke anusAra bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne anArya dezoM meM bhI vihAra kiyA thA / 55 jisa samaya dvArikA kA dahana huA, usa samaya bhagavAn palhava nAmaka anArya deza meM vicaraNa kara rahe the| yaha palhava bhArata kI sImA meM thA yA bhArata kI sImA se bAhara thA, yaha anveSaNIya hai| prAcIna pArthiyA (vartamAna IrAna) ke eka bhAga ko palhava yA palhaNa mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke hastikalpapura, kausumbAraNya rAjapura, kirAta, dakSiNApatha hrImAnagiri tathA raivatagiri ( giranAra ) Adi vihAra ke mukhya sthala the| 56 AcArya jinasena ke anusAra unhoMne saurASTra, matsya, lATa, vizAla, zUrasena, paTaccara, pAJcAla, kuzAgra, aGga, baMga tathA kaliMga Adi nAnA dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| bhagavAn ariSTanemi se samudravijaya, akSomya, stamita, sAgara, himavAn Adi nau dazArho tathA mAtA zivA devI aura zrIkRSNa ke aneka rAjakumAroM ne dIkSA grahaNa kii| isake atirikta unase dIkSA prApta karane vAloM meM gajasukumAla, thAvaccAputra tathA DhaMDhaNamuni, niSadhakumAra, baladeva tathA pANDava Adi haiN|

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tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi : 9 parinirvANa sAta sau varSoM taka zramaNa jIvana meM rahane ke bAda grISma Rtu ke caturtha mAsa, ASAr3ha mAsa kI zuklA aSTamI ke dina raivataka zaila zikhara para anya 536 anagAroM ke sAtha jalarahita mAsika tapa kara citrA nakSatra meM sabhI karmoM ko naSTa kara bhagavAn ariSTanemi kAlagata hue| dharmadezanA __ bhagavAn ariSTanemi ne RSabhadeva, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI taraha paJcayAma jaise kisI dArzanika-siddhAnta kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA, parantu unake upadezoM meM ahiMsA, aparigraha Adi siddhAntoM kA samyak samAveza thaa| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva evaM mahAvIra ne paJcayAma kA upadeza diyA zeSa sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ne cAturyAma kaa| ve nivRtti pradhAna lokottara mahApuruSa the aura jAtigata AkarSaNoM evaM saMsAra ke bhoga-vilAsa se sarvathA Upara the| unake yuga kA gambhIratApUrvaka paryAlocana karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya kSatriyoM meM mAMsa bhakSaNa evaM madirApAna Adi vyasana pracalita ho gaye the| unake vivAha ke avasara para pazuoM ko ekatrita kiyA jAnA, madironmatta yadukumAroM ke AcaraNa se dvArikA kA dahana honA isI tathya kI ora saMketa karate haiN| vivAha kiye binA unakA lauTanA samagra kSatriya jAti ke pApoM kA prAyazcitta thaa| dIkSita hone ke pazcAt unhoMne utkRSTa sAdhanA dvArA kaivalya prApta kara saMsAra ko zreyomArga pradarzita kara zAzvata siddhi prApta kii| sandarbha * * 1. samavAyAGga, 157. 2. Epigraphica Indica, Vol. 1, p. 389. 3. Rgveda, 1-14/89/6, 1/24/180/10, 3/4/53/17, 10/12. paM0 kailAzacanda jaina, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (pUrvapIThikA), pR0 170. 5. chAndogyopaniSad, 3/17/6. antakRtdazAGga, varga 5, a. 1. 7. dharmAnanda kauzAmbI, bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pR0 57. 8. Rgveda, 10/12/178/1. 9. yajurveda, 25/19. 10. sAmaveda, 3/9. 11. Rgveda, 1/1/16. ial

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10 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 12. muni nathamala, uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 7. 13. mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 288/4. 14. yajurveda, 9/25. 15. vAjasaneyi-mAdhyandina, zuklayajurveda, 9/25. 16. Dr. S. Radhakrishan, Indian Philosophy, Vol. 1, p. 287. 17. prabhAsapurANa, 49-50. 18. isibhAsiyAI, RSimaNDala prakaraNaM, Atmaballabha granthamAlA, bAlApura, A. 43-44. 19. paNDita kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, pUrvapIThikA, pR0 170-71. 20. aeNnalsa oNpha dI bhaNDArakara risarca insTITyUTa, patrikA, jilda 23, pR0 122. 21. uttarAdhyayana, 22/3-4, kalpasUtra, 162. 22. bRhatkalpabhASyavRtti, 1, 3263; prajJApanAsUtra, 1/66, pR0 173. 23. kalpasUtra TIkA, pR0 171. 24. kAlakAcAryakathAsaMgraha, upodghAta, pR0 52. 25. uttarAdhyayana, 22/1,3. 26. kalpasUtra, sampAdaka devendramuni zAstrI, pR0 162. 27. kalpasUtra, pR0 163. 28. uttarAdhyayana, 22/5. 29. uttarAdhyayana, 22/13, 22, 44, uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, patra 490. 30. vRSNipuMgava yAdava pradhAno bhagavAn ariSTanemiritiyAvat, uttarAdhyayana bRhavRtti, pR0 490. 31. antakRtdazAGgavRtti, 1/1. 32. uttarAdhyayana, 22/25. 33. vahI, 22/6. 34. dekheM- triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/9/22-24; harivaMzapurANa, 55/1-2,3, pR. 616; uttarapurANa, 71-1347, 71/137 aadi| 35. uttarapurANa, 71/152.

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tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi : 11 36. Avazyakaniyukti, 221,226. 37. uttarAdhyayana, 22/24; kalpasUtra, 164, pR. 231; samavAyAGga, 157/23; harivaMzapurANa, 55/125; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/ 9/253. 38. Avazyakaniyukti, 229. 39. kalpasUtra, 165. 40. samavAyAGga, 23/2. 41. Avazyakaniyukti, 275, pR. 207. 42. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/9/277. 43. bhavabhAvanA, 4623. 44. harivaMzapurANa, 56, zloka 111,113. 45. Avazyakaniyukti, 254. 46. samavAyAGga, 11. 47. Avazyakaniyukti, 290-91. 48. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/9/375. 49. uttarapurANa, 71/182/87. 50. kalpasUtra, 166, pR0 236. 51. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, bhAga-6, pR0 499. 52. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/12/113. 53. parituTThamaNA ya rAyamaI vipattA samosaraNaM, uttarAdhyayana (sukhabodhA vRtti), pR0 221. 54. bhavabhAvanA, 3716. 55. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 8/10/148. 56. Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 256.

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana DaoN. sudhA jai jIvana ke samagra kArya-kalApoM kA mUla AdhAra dRSTi (Vision) hotI hai| satva, raja aura tama meM se jisa ora hamArI dRSTi mur3a jAtI hai, hamArA jIvana- pravAha usI ora svataH bar3ha jAtA hai| isIlie AcArya haribhadra ne AtmA ke kramika vikAsa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yoga kI ATha dRSTiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / dRSTi ko paribhASita karate hu unhoMne kahA hai ki "jisase samIcIna zraddhA ke sAtha bodha ho aura jisase asat pravRttiyoM kA kSaya karake sat pravRttiyA~ prApta hoM, vaha dRSTi hai|"" dRSTi do prakAra kI hotI hai-- oghadRSTi aura yogadRSTi / meghAcchanna rAtri, megharahita rAtri, meghayukta divasa meM graha, bhUta-preta Adi se grasta puruSa, unase agrasta puruSa, bAlaka, vayaska, motiyAbinda Adi se vikRta, motiyAbinda Adi se rahita dRSTi oghadRSTi hotI hai| tAtparya hai ki sAMsArikabhAva, sAMsArika sukha, sAMsArika padArtha, kriyA-kalApa Adi meM jo racI-basI rahatI haiM, vaha oghadRSTi hai| yogadRSTi ke prakAra ko batAte hue AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai- tRNa ke agnikaNa, gobara yA upale ke agnikaNa, kASTha ke agnikaNa, dIpaka kI prabhA, ratna kI prabhA, sUrya kI prabhA tathA candra kI prabhA ke sadRza sAdhaka kI dRSTi ATha prakAra kI hotI hai| ve AThoM dRSTiyA~ haiM - 1. mitrA, 2 . tArA, 3. balA, 4. dIprA, 5. sthirA, 6. kAntA, 7. prabhA aura 8 parA / uparyukta AThoM prakAra meM se prathama cAra oghadRSTi meM antarnihita haiM, kyoMki inakI vRtti saMsArAbhimukha rahatI hai, arthAt jIva kA utthAna-patana hotA hai| zeSa cAra dRSTiyA~ yogadRSTi meM samAhita hotI haiM, kyoMki inameM AtmA kI pravRtti AtmavikAsa kI ora agrasara hotI hai| pA~cavIM dRSTi ke bAda jIva sarvathA unnatizIla banA rahatA hai, usake girane kI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki oghadRSTi asat - dRSTi hai aura yogadRSTi satdRSTi hai| AcArya haribhadra ne prathama cAra dRSTiyoM ko avedya-saMvedya pada' athavA pratipAti tathA antima cAra dRSTiyoM ko vedya-saMvedya pada athavA apratipAti kahA hai| vedya-saMvedya pada se abhiprAya hai jisa pada meM vedya viSayoM kA yathArtha svarUpa jAnA jA sake aura usameM apravRtti buddhi paidA ho| isI prakAra jisameM bAhya vedya viSayoM kA yathArtha svarUpa meM saMvedana aura jJAna na kiyA jA sake, vaha avedya-saMvedya pada hai| *. pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana : 13 1. mitrAdRSTi isa prathama dRSTi ko AcArya haribhadra ne tRNa ke agnikaNoM kI upamA dI hai| jisa prakAra tinakoM kI agni meM sirpha nAma kI agni hotI hai, usake sahAre kisI vastu kA spaSTa rUpa se darzana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka ko jJAna to prApta hotA hai lekina usa alpa jJAna meM tattvabodha nahIM ho pAtA, kyoMki mithyAtva athavA ajJAna itanA ghanA hotA hai ki vaha jJAna aura darzana para AvaraNa DAla detA hai| isalie sAdhaka ko tAttvika evaM pAramArthika jJAna kA bodha nahIM ho pAtA hai| yaha alpasthiti hotI hai| cUMki yaha manda, halkI, dhuMdhalI aura svalpa zaktika hai, isalie sAdhaka meM koI aisA saMskAra niSpatra nahIM kara pAtI hai jisake sahAre sAdhaka AdhyAtmika bodha kI ora gati kara ske| isakA mAtra itanA sA upayoga hai ki yaha bodhamaya prakAza kI eka halkI sI razmi AvirbhUta kara detI hai jo mana meM AdhyAtmika bodha ke prati halkA sA AkarSaNa paidA kara jAtI hai| phira bhI sAdhaka sarvajJa ko antaHkaraNapUrvaka namaskAra karatA huA AcArya evaM tapasvI kI yathocita sevA karatA hai tathA auSadhadAna, zAstradAna, vairAgya, pUjA, zravaNa, pAThana, svAdhyAya Adi kriyAoM aura bhAvanAoM kA pAlana va cintana Adi karatA hai| isa dRSTi meM darzana kI mandatA, ahiMsAdi yamoM kA pAlana karane kI icchA aura devapUjAdi dhArmika anuSThAnoM ke prati lagAva rahatA hai|" sAdhaka dvArA mAdhyAsthAdi bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane aura mokSa kI kAraNabhUta sAmagriyoM ko juTAte rahane ke kAraNa ise yogabIja kI saMjJA se vibhUSita kiyA gayA hai| 2. tArAdRSTi tArA dvitIya dRSTi hai, jise AcArya ne gobara yA upale ke agnivezoM kI upamA dI hai| tinakoM kI apekSA upaloM kI agni prakAza kI dRSTi se kucha viziSTa hotI hai, parantu koI khAsa antara nahIM hotA hai| tinakoM kI agni kI bhA~ti upaloM kI agni kA prakAza bhI alpakAlika hotA hai, isalie usake sahAre bhI kisI padArtha kA samyaktayA darzana nahIM ho pAtA hai| tArAdRSTi bhI kucha aisI hI hotI hai| bodhamaya prakAza kI jo jhalaka udghATita hotI hai vaha mitrAdRSTi kI apekSA kucha tIvra to avazya hotI hai, parantu usameM sthiratA, zakti Adi kI dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara nahIM hotA hai| hA~! itanA avazya hai ki mitrAdRSTi meM jo divya jhalaka milI hotI hai, vaha kucha adhika jyotirmayatA tathA tIvratA ke sAtha sAdhaka ko tArAdRSTi meM prApta hotI hai| sAtha hI, sAdhaka ko yahA~ zaucAdi niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue Atmahita kA kArya karane meM kheda nahIM hotA hai, balki usameM tAttvika jijJAsA jAgRta ho jAtI hai| isameM sAdhaka itanA sAvadhAna ho jAtA hai ki vaha socane lagatA hai- kahIM mere dvArA kiye gaye vrata, pUjanAdi kriyAkalApoM se dUsaroM ko kaSTa to nahIM hai| isa taraha sAdhaka vairAgya kI tathA saMsAra kI asAratA-sambandhI yoga-kathAoM ko sunane kI icchA rakhate hue bar3e

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14 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 logoM ke prati samatAbhAva rakhatA hai aura unakA Adara-satkAra karatA hai|11 yadi pUrva se hI sAdhaka ke antarmana meM yogI, saMnyAsI, sAdhu Adi ke prati anAdara kA bhAva rahatA hai to bhI vaha isa avasthA meM prema aura sadvyavahAra karatA hai|12 saMsAra kI asAratA tathA mokSa ke sambandha meM cintana-manana karane meM samartha na hote hue bhI nirdiSTa athavA upadiSTa kathanoM para zraddhA ke bhAva rakhatA hai,13 kyoMki guru satsaMga ke kAraNa sAdhaka kI azubha pravRttiyA~ banda ho jAtI haiM aura saMsAra-sambandhI kisI bhI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| phalataH sAdhaka dhArmika kAryoM meM anajAne meM bhI anucita vartana nahIM karatA hai;14 kintu satkArya meM lage rahane para bhI sAdhaka meM azubha pravRttiyA~ rahatI haiN| kAraNa ki sAdhaka isa avasthA meM samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM samyak-asamyak kA antara nahIM jAna pAtA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha jo AtmA kA svabhAva nahIM hai, use hI AtmA kA svabhAva mAnatA hai| isI ajJAna ke kAraNa vaha sarvajJa dvArA kathita tattvoM para zraddhA evaM vinIta bhAva rakhatA hai| tAtparya hai ki tArAdRSTi meM sAdhaka ko acAnaka adhyAtma-udbodha kI kucha vizada jhalaka dikhAyI to detI hai, parantu sAdhaka kA pUrva kA koI saMskAra nahIM chUTa pAtA hai| isalie sAdhaka ke kArya-kalApoM meM dravyAtmakatA se adhika vikAsa nahIM ho pAtA hai| 3. balAdRSTi isa tIsarI dRSTi kI upamA kASThAgni se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra kASThAgni kA prakAza kucha sthira hotA hai, adhika samaya taka TikatA hai, zaktimAna hotA hai| ThIka usI prakAra balAdRSTi meM utpanna bodha kucha samaya taka TikatA hai, sthira rahatA hai, sazakta hotA hai aura saMskAra bhI chor3atA hai| sAtha hI sAdhaka meM tattvajJAna ke prati abhiruci utpanna hotI hai tathA yoga-sAdhanA meM kisI prakAra kA udvega nahIM hotaa|15 eka udAharaNa dete hue isa dRSTi ko bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai- jisa prakAra sundara yuvaka, sundara yuvatI ke sAtha nAca-gAnA sunane meM tadrUpa hokara atIva Ananda kI prApti karatA hai, usI prakAra zAnta, sthira pariNAmI yogI bhI zAstra-zravaNa, devagurupUjAdi meM utsAha athavA Ananda kI prApti karatA hai|16 isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kI manosthiratA atyanta sudRr3ha ho jAtI hai aura vAstavika lakSya kI ora usako udbhUta kiye rahane kA prayAsa karatI hai jisase sAdhaka meM satkarma ke prati prIti utpanna hotI hai| bhale hI use tattva carcA sunane ko mile yA na mile, parantu usakI bhAvanA itanI nirmala evaM pavitra ho jAtI hai ki usakI icchAmAtra se hI usakA karmakSaya hone lagatA hai|17 zubhapariNAmoM ke kAraNa samatAbhAva kA vikAsa hotA hai jisase sAdhaka ke mana meM priya vastu ke prati Agraha nahIM rhtaa|18 sAtha hI sAdhaka cAritra-vikAsa kI sArI kriyAoM ko Alasyarahita hokara karatA hai, jinase bAhya padArthoM ke prati tRSNA athavA Asakti kSINa ho jAtI hai aura vaha dharma-kriyA meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai|19 isa prakAra

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana : 15 balAdRSTi meM sAdhaka ke antarmana meM samatA-bhAva kA udaya hotA hai aura Atmazuddhi sudRr3ha hotI hai| 4. dIprAdRSTi dIpA cauthI dRSTi hai jisakI upamA AcArya haribhadra ne dIpaka kI jyoti se dI hai| jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza tRSNAgni, upalAgni aura kASThAgni kI apekSA adhika sthira hotA hai aura jisake sahAre padArtha ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| usI prakAra dIprAdRSTi meM hone vAlA bodha uparyukta dRSTiyoM kI apekSA adhika samaya taka TikatA hai, parantu jisa prakAra dIpaka kA prakAza havA ke jhoMke se bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra tIvra mithyAvaraNa ke kAraNa yaha darzana bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| yogadRSTisamuccaya meM isa dRSTi ko prANAyAma evaM tattvazravaNasaMyukta tathA sUkSmabodha bhAva se rahita mAnA gayA hai|20 kahA gayA haijisa prakAra prANAyAma na kevala zarIra ko hI sudRr3ha banAtA hai, balki Antarika nAr3iyoM ke sAtha-sAtha mana kI malInatA ko bhI dhotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra isa dRSTi meM recaka prANAyAma kI bhA~ti bAhya viSayoM meM mamatvabuddhi hone ke sAtha-sAtha pUraka prANAyAma kI bhA~ti vivekazakti kI vRddhi bhI hotI hai aura kumbhaka prANAyAma kI taraha jJAna kendrita hotA hai| tArAdvAMtriMzikA meM ise bhAva prANAyAma kahA gayA hai|21 jo bhI sAdhaka isa dRSTi para apanA adhikAra kara letA hai vaha binA kisI sandeha ke dharma para zraddhA karane lagatA hai| usakI zraddhA itanI prabala ho jAtI hai ki vaha dharma ke lie prANa kA tyAga kara sakatA hai| lekina prANa kI rakSA ke lie dharma kA tyAga nahIM kara sktaa|22 ____ aba taka kI uparyukta varNita dRSTiyA~ oghadRSTiyA~ haiN| inameM yadi tattvajJAna ho bhI jAtA hai to vaha spaSTa nahIM hotA hai,23 kyoMki pUrvasaJcita karmoM ke kAraNa dhArmika vrata-niyamoM kA yathAvidhi pAlana karane se bhI samyak jJAna kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| isI mithyAtva doSa ke kAraNa ina dRSTiyoM ke jIvoM ko avedya-saMvedya pada kahA gayA hai, kyoMki ajJAnavaza jIva mUr3havata AcaraNa karatA hai, jisake kAraNa aneka duHkha utpanna hote haiN|24 kintu saJcita evaM saJcAyamANa karmoM kA chedana karane tathA sAMsArika kAraNoM ko jAnane para hI sUkSma tattva kI prApti hotI hai|25 phalata: eka ora jahA~ saMsArAbhimukhatA kA viccheda hotA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora avedya-saMvedya pada bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM aura paramAnanda kI upalabdhi hotI hai|26 5. sthirAdRSTi sthirAdRSTi ko ratnaprabhA se upamita kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra ratna kI prabhA kabhI miTatI nahIM, sahajatayA prakAzamAna rahatI hai, ThIka usI prakAra sthirAdRSTi meM prApta bodhamaya prakAza sthira rahatA hai| yahA~ sAdhaka kI dRSTi samyak ho jAtI hai, bhrAntiyA~ miTa jAtI haiM, sUkSmabodha athavA bhedajJAna ho jAtA hai, indriyA~ saMyamita ho jAtI haiM,

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16 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 dharma-kriyAoM meM Ane vAlI bAdhAoM kA parihAra ho jAtA hai tathA vaha paramAtmasvarUpa ko pahacAnane kA prayAsa karane lagatA hai|27 sAtha hI AtmA aura para-padArthoM kI bhinnatA kA sAdhaka anubhava karane lagatA hai| aba taka para meM sva kI jo buddhi thI, vaha acAnaka Atmonmukha ho jAtI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne sAdhaka kI isa Antarika anubhUti ko bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai- moha merA kucha nahIM hai, maiM to ekamAtra upayoga cetanA rUpa huuN| yoM cintana karane vAle ko siddhAntavettA, jJAnI, mohAtmaka mamatA se UMcA uThA huA kahate haiN|28 Age puna: kahate haiM- nizcita rUpa se maiM darzana-jJAnamaya, sadA arUpI, ekamAtra zuddha AtmA hU~, anya kucha bhI paramANumAtra merA nahIM hai|29 isa prakAra dRSTi meM samyaktva A jAne para AsthA sthira ho jAtI hai, vizvAsa sudRr3ha ho jAtA hai tathA jIva darzana pratyAhAra se yukta kRtya, abhrAnta, nirdoSa evaM sUkSmabodha vAlA ho jAtA hai|30 jisa prakAra ratna kA prakAza kabhI miTatA nahIM hai usI prakAra sthirAdRSTi meM prApta bodha naSTa nahIM hotA aura sAdhaka kA bodha sadAbhyAsa, AtmAnubhUti, sacintana Adi dvArA ujjvala se ujjvalatara hotA jAtA hai| 6. kAntAdRSTi isa dRSTi kI upamA tAre kI prabhA se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra tAre kI prabhA AkAza meM svAbhAvika rUpa meM hotI hai, akhaNDita hotI hai| usI prakAra kAntA kI dRSTi kA bodha, udyota, avicala, akhaNDita aura pragAr3ha rUpa meM cinmaya AkAza meM sahaja rUpa meM prakAzita rahatA hai| isa dRSTi meM sAdhaka ko dhAraNA nAmaka yoga ke saMyoga se susthira avasthA prApta hotI hai, paropakAra evaM sadvicAroM se usakA hRdaya AplAvita ho jAtA hai tathA usake doSa arthAt citta kI vikalatA naSTa ho jAtI hai|31 indriyoM ke viSayoM ke zAnta ho jAne tathA dhArmika sadAcAroM ke samyak paripAlana se sAdhaka kSamAzIla svabhAva vAlA bana jAtA hai, vaha sabhI prANiyoM kA priya ho jAtA hai|32 isa prakAra sAdhaka ko zAnta, dhIra evaM paramAnanda kI anubhUti hone lagatI hai, samyak-jJAna kI prApti se use sva aura para vastu kA bodha hone ke sAtha-sAtha usameM IrSyA, krodha Adi doSoM kA sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai| yadi hama kAntA ke zAbdika artha ko dekheM to kAntA kA artha hI hotA hailAvaNyamayI, priyaMkarI, gRhsvaaminii| aisI sanArI pativratA hotI hai, jisakI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai| vaha ghara, parivAra tathA jagat ke sAre kArya ko karate hue bhI ekamAtra apanA citta apane pati se jor3e rahatI hai| usake cintana kA ekamAtra kendra usakA pati hI hotA hai| isI prakAra kAntAdRSTi meM pahu~cA huA sAdhaka Avazyaka aura kartavya kI dRSTi se jahA~ jaisA karanA apekSita hai, vaha saba karatA hai, parantu usameM Asakta

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana : 17 nahIM hotaa| usakA mana to ekamAtra zruta-nirdiSTa dharma meM hI lIna rahatA hai| usake cintana kA kendra Atma-svarUpa meM pratiSThita hotA hai| ata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki kAntAdRSTi meM sAdhaka kI sthiti anAsakta karmayogI kI hotI hai| jaisAki gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne kahA hai ki anAsakta hokara karma karate jAo, phala kI icchA mata kro| Asakti kA parityAga kara, siddhi-saphalatA, asiddhi-asaphalatA meM samAna banakara yoga meM sthita hokara tuma karma kro| yaha samatva hI yoga hai|33 7. prabhAdRSTi isa dRSTi kI upamA sUrya ke prakAza se dI gayI hai| jisa prakAra sUrya ke prakAza se sArA vizva prakAzita hotA hai tathA usakA prakAza atyanta tIvra, ojasvI evaM tejasvI hotA hai, usI prakAra prabhAdRSTi kA bodha-prakAza bhI atyanta tIvra, ojasvI evaM tejasvI hotA hai tathA sAdhaka ko samasta padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna ho jAtA hai| sUrya kI bhA~ti atyanta suspaSTa darzana kI prApti hotI hai| kisI bhI prakAra kA roga nahIM hotA tathA pratipAti nAmaka guNa kA AvirbhAva hotA hai|34 isa avasthA meM sAdhaka ko itanA AtmavizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki vaha kaSAyoM meM lipta hote hue bhI alipta-sA rahatA hai, rogAdi klezoM se pIr3ita hone para bhI vicalita nahIM hotaa| phalata: usameM pUrva meM saJcita viSama vRtti ke badale prANiyoM meM samatA athavA asaMgAnuSThAna kA udaya hotA hai, icchAoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka sadAcAra kA pAlana karate hue mokSamArga kI ora agrasara hotA hai arthAt yahIM se mokSamArga kA zrIgaNeza hotA hai|35 asaMgAnuSThAna cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- prIti, bhakti, vacana aura asaMga anusstthaan| satpravRtti ko asaMgAnuSThAna kahA gayA hai| asaMgAnuSThAna adhyAtma sAdhanA ke upakrama meM gatizIlatA lAtA hai| yaha janma-maraNa se rahita zAzvata pada prApta karAne vAlA hai| isI prakAra yogadRSTisamuccaya meM inheM prazAntavAhitA, visambhAga parikSaya, zaivavartma aura dhruvAdhvA ke nAma se batAyA gayA hai|36 . ata: yahA~ sAdhaka kA prAtibhajJAna yA anubhUti prasUtajJAna itanA prabala evaM ujjvala ho jAtA hai ki use zAstra ke prayojana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI, jJAna kI sAkSAt upalabdhi use ho jAtI hai| Atma-sAdhanA kI yaha bahuta hI U~cI sthiti hotI hai| aisI uttama, avicala, dhyAnAvasthA se AtmA meM aparisIma sukha kA srota phUTa par3atA hai| 8. parAdRSTi __ yaha antima dRSTi hai, jisakI upamA candramA kI prabhA se dI gayI hai, jo zItala, saumya tathA zAnta hotA hai aura sabake lie Ananda aura ullAsa liye hotA hai| jisa prakAra candramA kI jyotsanA sAre vizva ko prakAzita karatI hai, usI prakAra parAdRSTi

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18 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 meM prApta bodhaprabhA samasta vizva ko jo jJeyAtma hai, udyotita karatI hai| isameM sabhI prakAra ke mana-vyApAra avaruddha ho jAte haiM aura AtmA kevala AtmA ke rUpa ko hI dekhatI hai, kyoMki yaha AtmasvarUpa meM niSprayAsa pariramaNa kI uccatama dazA hai, jisakA sakha sarvathA nirvikalpa hotA hai| yaha bodha kI nirvikalpa dazA hai| isa dazA meM bodha aura sukha kI nirvikalpatA meM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya kI tripTI aura jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra kI tripadI ekamAtra abheda AtmasvarUpa meM pariNata ho jAtI hai, jahA~ dvaitabhAva sarvathA vilaya ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha avasthA sAsaktihIna aura doSarahita hotI hai| isa avasthA vAle yogI ko sAMsArika vastuoM ke prati na moha hotA hai, na Asakti aura na usameM kisI prakAra kA doSa hI raha jAtA hai| isa taraha AcAra aura aticAra se varjita hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka (yogI) kSapaka zreNI athavA upazama zreNI dvArA AtmavikAsa karatA hai|37 kSapaka zreNI se abhiprAya hai jo sAdhaka tIvra saMvega Adi prayatnoM dvArA rAga, dveSa evaM moha ko kramaza: nirmala karate-karate uttarottara samatA-zuddhi kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vaha kSapaka zreNI meM AtA hai| aise hI jo sAdhaka apane saMklezoM ko arthAt karmoM kA mUlata: kSaya na karake unakA kevala upazama hI karatA hai, sarvathA nirmUla nahIM kara pAtA, vaha upazama zreNI meM AtA hai| jisameM prathama zreNI kA sAdhaka eka hI prayatna meM mukti pA jAtA hai, lekina dvitIya zreNI ke sAdhaka ko makti ke lie puna: janma lenA par3atA hai| __isa dRSTi meM samasta kaSAyoM ke kSINa hone ke kAraNa sAdhaka ko aneka labdhiyA~ prApta hotI hai aura vaha mumukSu jIvoM ke kalyANArtha upadeza detA hai| isa krama meM yogI nirvANa pAne kI sthiti meM yoga-saMnyAsa nAmaka yoga ko prApta karatA hai,38 jisake antima samaya meM zeSa cAra aghAtIya karmoM ko naSTa karake vahA~ pA~ca akSaroM ke uccAraNa mAtra samaya meM zailezI avasthA ko prApta karatA hai yAnI mokSa prApta kara letA hai| ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne caudaha guNasthAna(1. mithyAdRSTi guNasthAna, 2. sAsvAdanadRSTi guNasthAna, 3. mizradRSTi guNasthAna, 4. avirata samyakdRSTi guNasthAna, 5. dezavirata-viratAvirata guNasthAna, 6. pramattasaMyata guNasthAna, 7. apramattasaMyata guNasthAna, 8. apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna, 9. anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna, 10. sUkSmasamparAya guNasthAna, 11. upazAnta moha guNasthAna, 12. kSINamoha guNasthAna, 13. sayogakevalI guNasthAna tathA 14. ayogakevalI guNasthAna) ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ATha dRSTiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai, parantu yahA~ yaha spaSTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki guNasthAna tathA uparyukta ATha dRSTiyoM meM koI asamAnatA nahIM haiM, kyoMki prathama cAra dRSTiyoM meM prathama tIna guNasthAna, paJcama evaM SaSTha dRSTi meM caturtha,paJcama aura SaSTha guNasthAna, saptama dRSTi meM saptama aura aSTama guNasthAna tathA antima yAnI aSTama dRSTi meM caturdaza guNasthAna kA

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana : 19 samAveza ho jAtA hai| ataH hama yaha niHsaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra dvArA varNita yoga kI ye ATha dRSTiyA~ sAdhaka ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu eka mahAn dena haiM, kyoMki isa mArga para ArUr3ha hokara sAdhaka apane gantavya sthAna kI prApti kara sakatA hai| sandarbha 1. sacchraddhAsaMgato bodho dRSTirityabhidhIyate / asatpravRttivyAghAtAt satpravRttipadAvahaH || yogadRSTisamuccaya, 17 sameghAmegharAtryAdau sagrahAdyarbhakAdivat / oghadRSTiriha jJeyA mithyaadRssttiitraashryaa|| vahI, 14 tRNagomayakASThAgnikaNadIpraprabhopamA / 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. ratnatArArkacandrAbhA saddRSTerdRSTiraSTadhA / / vahI, 15 tathA tRNagomayakASThAgnikaNadIpraprabhopamA / 5. 70. 6. pratipAtayutAzcAdyAzcatastro nottraastthaa| 9. ratnatArArkacandrAbhAH krameNekSvAdisannibhA || yogAvatAra dvAtriMzikA, 26 mitrA - tArA - balA - dIprA- sthirA - kAntA-prabhA - praa| nAmAni yogadRSTInAM lakSaNaM ca nibodhata / / yogadRSTisamuccaya, 13 vahI, sApAyA'pi caitAstatpratipAtena netarAH / / vahI, 19 mitrA dvAtriMzikA - 1 karoti yoga bIjAnAmupAdAnamiha sthitaH / avandhyamokSahetUnAmiti yogavido viduH // yogadRSTisamuccaya 22 tathA jineSu kuzalaM cittaM tannamaskAra eva ca / praNAmAdi ca saMzuddhaM yogabIjamanuttamam / / vahI, 23 tathA AcAryAdiSvapi hyetadvizuddhaM bhAvayogiSu / vaiyAvRttyaM ca vidhivacchuddhAzayavizeSataH / / vahI, 28 tathA lekhanA pUjanA dAnaM zravaNaM vacanodgraha / prakAzanAtha svAdhyAyazcintA bhAvaneti ca / / vahI, 28 tArAyAM tu manAkspaSTaM, niyamazca tathAvidhaH / anudvego hitArambhe jijJAsA tattvagocarA / / vahI, 41

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20 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 10. vahI, 46 11. adhyAtmatattvAloka, 46 tathA bhavatyasyAmavibhintrAprItiyogakathAsu c| yathAzaktyupacArazca bahumAnazca yogissu|| tArAdvAtriMzikA, 6 12. yogadRSTisamuccaya, 47 13. vahI, 48 14. bhayaM nAtIva bhavanaM kRtyahAnirna cocite| tathAnAbhogato'pyuccairna caapynucitkriyaa|| vahI, 45 15. sukhAsanasamAyuktaM balAyAM darzanaM dRddh'm| parA ca tattvazuzruSA na kSepo yoggocrH|| vahI, 49 16. kAntakAntAsametasya divyageyazrutau ythaa| yUno bhavati zuzruSA tathAsyAM tttvgocraa|| vahI, 52 17. zrutAbhAve'pi bhAve'syAH shubhbhaavprvRttitH|| phalaM karmakSayAkhyaM syAt prbodhnibndhnm| vahI, 54 18. pariSkAragata: prAyo vighAto'pi na vidyte| avighAtazca saavdhprihaaraanmhodyH|| vahI, 56 19. asAdhu tRSNAtvarayorabhAvAvAt sthiraM sukhaM caasnmaavirsti|| adhyAtmatattvAloka, 3/98 20. prANAyAmavatI dIprA na yogotthaanvtylm| tattvazravaNasaMyuktA suukssmbodhvivrjitaa|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 57 21. . recanAbAhya bhAvanAmantarbhAvasya puurnnaat| kumbhanAnizcitArthasya prANAyAmazca bhaavtH|| tArAdvAMtriMzikA, 19 22. prANebhyo'pi gururdharmaH styaamsyaamsyaamsNshym| prANAMstyajati dharmArthaM na dharmaM praannsNktte|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 58 23. naitadvatau'yaM tattattve kdaacitupjaayte| vahI, 68 24. avedhasaMvedha padAbhidheyau mithyAtvadoSAzaya ucyate sm| ugrodaye tatra vivekahInA adhogatiM sUDhadhiyo vrjnti|| adhyAtmatattvAloka,109 25. bhavAmbhodhisamuttArAt krmvjrvibhedtH| jJeya vyAptezca kAtsnyena sUkSmatvaM nAyamana tu|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 66

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AcArya haribhadrasUri kI yoga dRSTiyA~ : eka vivecana : 21 26. avedhasaMvedyapadaM stsNgaagmyogtH| taburgagatipradaM jaiyaM paramAnanda mibbhtaa|| tArAdvAMtriMzikA, 32 27. evaM vivekino dhIrA: prtyaahaarpraastthaa| dharmabAdhAparityAgayatnavantazca tttvtH|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 157 28. Natthi mama ko vi moho bujjhadi uvaoga eva ahmikko| taM mohaNimmamattaM samayassa viyANayA viti| samayasAra, 36 29. ahamekko khula suddho daMsaNaNANamaio sdaaruvii| Navi asthi majjha kiMcivi aNNaM paramANumittaM pi|| vahI, 38 30. sthirAyAM darzanaM nityaM pratyAhAravadeva c| kRtyamabhrAntamanaghaM suukssmbodhsmnvitm|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 153 31. kAntAyAmetadanyeSAM prItaye dhAraNA praa| ato'tra nAnyamunityaM mImAMsAsti hitody|| vahI, 161 32. asyAM tu dhrmmaahaatmyaatsmaacaarvishuddhitH| priyo bhavati bhUtAnAM dhrmaikaagrmnaastthaa|| vahI, 162 33. karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kdaacn| siddhayasiddhayoH samo bhUtvA samatvaM yoga ucyte|| zrImadbhagavatagItA, 2/47-48 / 34. dhyAnapriyA prabhA prAyo nAsyAM rUgata eva hi| tattvapratipattiyutA vizeSeNa shmaanvitaa|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 160 35. sattravRttipadaM cehaasNgaanusstthaansNjnyitm| mahApathaprayANaM ydnaagaamipdaavhm|| vahI, 174 36. prazAMta vAhitAsaMjJaM visbhaagprikssyH| zivavartma dhruvAdhveti yogibhirgIyate hydH|| yogadRSTisamuccaya, 175 37. niraacaarpdohysyaamticaarvivrjitH| ArUDhArohaNAbhAvagativattvasya cessttitm|| vahI, 178 38. kSINadoSo'tha sarvajJaH srvlbdhiphlaanvitH| paraM parArthaM sampAdya tato yogaantmshnute|| vahI, 184

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana* DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina premI' upadezapada prAkRta-bhASA kA dharmopadeza kathA-pradhAna vaha mahAn grantha hai, jisakA aneka dRSTiyoM se adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isake vizad adhyayana ke AdhAra para kaI mahattvapUrNa zodha-prabandha likhe jA sakate haiN| maiMne apane isa nibandha meM upadezapada kA saMkSipta adhyayana kara isameM vyakta AcArya haribhadra ke vicAroM ko unake dvArA prastuta kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| .. vastuta: prAkRta-bhASA bhArata kI prAcInatama una bhASAoM meM se eka hai jise aneka bhASAoM kI jananI hone kA gaurava prApta hai| yaha vaha bhASA hai, jisake sAhitya meM jIvana kI samasta bhAvanAe~ vyaJjita huI haiN| bhAratIya zikSA, saMskRti, sabhyatA, samAja, dharma evaM AdhyAtma Adi kA yathArtha jJAna prApta karane ke lie prAkRta-sAhitya kA adhyayana bahuta Avazyaka hai| prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya to jainadharma kA prANa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ne AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra, siddhAnta evaM AdhyAtma ko sarala rUpa meM samajhAne evaM tadanukUla jIvana DhAlane kI dRSTi se prAkRta-bhASA meM upadeza-pradhAna dharmakathA-viSayaka-sAhitya kA praNayana kiyA aura naitika upadeza, marmasparzI kathana evaM lokapakSa kA udghATana karate samaya sarala, snigdha tathA manorama zailI kA upayoga kiyaa| upadezapradhAna kathA-sAhitya kI samRddha evaM gauravapUrNa-paramparA hai| dharmadAsagaNi viracita upadezamAlA, haribhadrasUri kA upadezapada, jayasiMhasUri kA dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, jayakIrti kA zIlopadezamAlA, maladhArI hemacandrasUri kI bhavabhAvanA tathA upadezamAlAprakaraNa, jinacandrasUri kI saMvegaraMgazAlA, AsadkRta vivekamaJjarI, munisundarasUrikRta upadezaratnAkara tathA zubhavardhanagaNikRta vardhamAnadezanA Adi pramukha grantha upadeza-pradhAna kathAoM ke anupama saMgraha haiN| upadezapada ke racayitA AcArya haribhadrasUri bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI the| inhoMne bI0ela0 isTITyUTa oNpha iNDolaoNjI, dillI meM AcArya haribhadra para Ayojita rASTrIya saMgoSThI meM prastuta zodha aalekh|

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 23 vividha vidhAoM meM zreSTha sAhitya kA praNayana kiyaa| yoga, darzana, adhyAtma, Agama, siddhAnta, AcAra, kathA aura kAvya Adi vividha vidhAoM sAhitya kA praNayana karake inhoMne prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA ke sAhitya ke vikAsa meM mahanIya yogadAna kiyA hai| ye janmanaH advitIya pratibhA sampanna vidvAn brAhmaNa the aura cittaur3a ke rAjA jitAri ke rAjapurohita bhii| bAda meM prasaMgavaza jaina sAdhvI yAkinI mahattarA ke upadeza se jainadharma meM dIkSita hue| inake dIkSAguru jinadatta the| yAkinI mahattarA ko inhoMneM apanI dharmamAtA mAnA aura apane ko yAkinIsUnu kahA / " dIkSA ke bAda apanI vidvattA tathA vizuddha sAdhu AcAra kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa ye apane AcArya ke paTTadhara AcArya bne| inakA jIvana rAjapUtAnA aura gujarAta meM vizeSa rUpa se vyatIta huaa| inake dvArA viracita adhikAMza granthoM ke anta meM 'viraha' zabda upalabdha hotA hai| AcArya haribhadra ko 1444 granthoM kA racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| prabandhakoza ke kartA rAjazekharasUri ne inako 1440 granthoM kA racayitA likhA hai; kintu inameM se kucha hI grantha upalabdha haiN| inakI upalabdha kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| 1. mUla grantha 1. dharmasaMgrahaNI, 2. paMcAzakaprakaraNa, 3. paMcavastukaprakaraNa, 4. dharmabinduprakaraNa, 5. aSTakaprakaraNa, 6. SoDazakaprakaraNa, 7. sambodha prakaraNa, 8. upadezapada, 9 SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 10. anekAntajayapatAkA, 12. anekAntavAdapraveza, 13. lokatattvanirNaya, 14. sambodhasaptatiprakaraNa, 15. samarAiccakahA, 16. yogaviMzikA, 17. yogadRSTi samuccaya, 18. yogabindu / 2. TIkA grantha 1. nandIsUtra, 2. pAkSikasUtra, 3. prajJApanAsUtra, 4 AvazyakasUtra, dazavaikAlika, 6. paJcasUtra, 7. anuyogadvAra, 8. lalitavistarA, 9. tattvArthavRtti / 5. kathA-sAhitya ke antargata AcArya haribhadra ne eka ora samarAiccakahA jaisA bar3A dharmakathA grantha racA vahIM vyaMgyapradhAna dhUrtAkhyAna jaisA kathA grantha bhI likhaa| itanA hI nahIM inhoMne jainAgama granthoM kI TIkAoM meM se dazavaikAlikaTIkA meM lagabhaga tIsa tathA upadezapada nAmaka svatantra grantha meM lagabhaga sattara prAkRta kathAe~ dI haiN| vastutaH AgamoM kA TIkA sAhitya kathAoM tathA dRSTAntoM kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai| ye TIkAe~ saMskRta meM hone para bhI inakA kathAbhAga prAkRta meM hI upalabdha hai|

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24 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 upadezapada jaise mahAn grantha ke mAdhyama se aneka viSayoM ke sAtha hI aneka laghukathAe~ likhakara AcArya haribhadrasUri ne prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kI zrIvRddhi meM yoga diyA hai| upadezapada dharmakathA anuyoga ke antargata prAkRta AryA chanda kI 1040 gAthAoM meM racita eka atimahattvapUrNa grantha hai| TIkA grantha upadezapada kA aisA lokapriya evaM zikSAprada kathA grantha hai jisase AkRSTa ho aneka AcAryoM ne TIkAe~ likhI haiN| 1. sukhasambodhinITIkA upadezapada para sabase adhika lokapriya TIkA tArkika ziromaNi AcArya municandrasUri dvArA racita sukhasambodhinI TIkA hai| 14500 (sAr3he caudaha hajAra) zloka pramANa yaha bRhadkAya TIkA jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta evaM saMskRta-bhASA meM padya tathA gadya rUpa meM hai jo ki aneka dRSTAntoM, AkhyAnoM, subhASitoM evaM sUktiyoM se bharapUra hai| isameM aneka subhASita apabhraMza-bhASA meM bhI haiN| isa TIkA kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1174 meM 'aNahillapATaka' nAmaka nagara meM municandrasUri ne kii| inhoMne upadezapada meM sAMketika tathA pUrNakathAoM ko prAkRta-bhASA meM tathA kahIM-kahIM prAkRta zabdoM kA saMskRta artha rUpa meM sandarbha jor3akara paryApta vistAra kiyA hai| municandrasUri yazobhadrasUri ke ziSya tathA vAdidevasUri (syAdvAdaratnAkara ke kartA) evaM ajitadevasari ke guru the| Anandasari tathA candraprabhasUri inake guru bhAI the| municandrasUri uccakoTi ke vidvAn the| upadezapada para sukhasambodhinI TIkA ke atirikta inhoMne aneka maulika evaM TIkA granthoM kI racanA kI hai| choTe-bar3e kula milAkara inhoMne 31 grantha rce| maulika granthoM meM pramukha haiM-- aMgulasaptati, vanaspatisaptati, Avazyakasaptati, gAthAkoza, upadezAmRtakulaka, hitopadezakulaka, samyakatvopAdavidhi, tIrthamAlAstava Adi pramukha haiN| TIkA granthoM meM pramukha haiMlalitavistarApaJjikA, anekAntajayapatAkATippanakam, dharmabinduvivRtti, yogabinduvivRtti, karmaprakRti vizeSavRtti, sArdhazatakacUrNi evaM updeshpdsukhsmbodhiniivRtti| upadezapada para isa vRtti kI racanA meM lekhaka ke ziSya rAmacandragaNi ne bhI sahAyatA kii| 2. municandrasUri kI uparyukta TIkA ke prArambhika bhAga se jJAta hotA hai ki upadezapada para sarvaprathama pUrvAcArya dvArA likhita koI gahana TIkA thI, kintu kAlaprabhAva se alpabuddhi vAle use spaSTa samajhane meM samartha nahIM the ata: sukhasambodhinI nAmaka isa sarala vRtti ko banAne kA prayatna kiyA gyaa|

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 25 3. vardhamAnasUri ne vi0 saM0 1055 meM upadezapada para eka TIkA likhI hai| isakI prazasti pArzvalagaNi ne racI hai| isa samagra TIkA kA prathamAdarza Aryadeva ne taiyAra kiyA thaa| 'vande devanarendra'- se zuru hone vAlI isa TIkA parimANa 6413 zloka hai|" 4. upadezapada para eka ajJAtakartRka TIkA bhI hai| 10 haribhadrasUri ne upadezapada grantha kA prArambha maGgalAcaraNapUrvaka karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ko namana kiyA hai tathA unake upadeza ke anusAra mandamati logoM ke prabodhana hetu kucha upadeza padoM ko kahane kI pratijJA kI hai - namiUNa mahAbhAgaM tilogAnAhaM jiNaM mahAvIraM / loyAloyamiyaMka siddhaM siddhovadesatthaM / / 1 / / vocchaM uvaesamae kaii ahaM taduvadesao suhume / bhAvatthasArajutte maMdamaivibohaNaDAe / / 2 // isI taraha grantha ke anta meM kahate hue grantha kA svakartRtva sUcita kiyA haisuvaeseNete uvaesapayA ihaM smkkhaayaa| samayAduddhariUNaM maMdamativibohaNaTThAe / / 1038 / / jAiNimayahariyAe raitA ete u dhammaputteNa / haribhaddAyarieNaM bhavavirahaM icchamANeNaM / / 1039 / / upadezapadavRtti ke racayitA municandrasUri ne bhI maGgalAcaraNapUrvaka upadezapadoM kA do prakAra se artha karate hue kahA hai ki 'sakala puruSArthoM meM pradhAna mokSa hI hai, ataH mokSa puruSArtha-viSayaka upadezoM ke pada arthAt manuSya janma durlabhatva Adi svAnabhUta zikSAvizeSa padoM kA isameM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya artha ke anusAra 'upadeza' aura 'pada' donoM meM karmadhAraya samAsa karane para upadezoM ko hI pada mAnA gayA hai| tadanusAra manuSya-janma kI durlabhatA Adi aneka kalyANajanaka viSayoM kI isa grantha meM carcA kI gayI hai jo upadezAtmaka vacana rUpa hai / 11 haribhadrasUri ne maGgalAcaraNa Adi ke bAda sabhI upadeza padoM meM pradhAna upadeza pada kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai lahUNa mANusattaM kahaMci aidullahaM bhavasamudde / sammaM niuMjiyatvaM kusalehiM sayAvi dhammammi / / 3 / / arthAt isa saMsAra samudra meM jisa kisI prakAra se ati durlabha manuSya janma pAkara AtmahitaiSIjanoM ko sad samyak dharma meM kuzalatApUrvaka mana, vacana aura zarIra ko

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26 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 lagAkara usakA sadupayoga karanA caahie| manuSyajanma kI durlabhatA ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita dasa dRSTAnta diye haiM 1. collaka, 2. pAzaka, 3. dhAnya, 4. dhUta, 5. ratna, 6. svapna, 7. cakra, 8. carma, 9. yuga (yUpa) aura 10. prmaannu|12 ina dasa dRSTAntoM dvArA manuSya janma kI durlabhatA ko alaga-alaga kathAnakoM dvArA prastuta kiyA hai jisakA vivecana gAthA saMkhyA 4 se 19 taka kI gAthAoM meM kiyA hai tathA TIkAkAra municandra ne prAkRta kathAoM ke rUpa meM ina dRSTAntoM ko padya rUpa meM bahuta vistRta kiyA hai| . ina dasa dRSTAntoM meM 'collaka' nAmaka prathama dRSTAnta ko TIkAkAra ne 505 gAthAoM meM prastuta karate hue kahA hai - jisa prakAra brahmadatta cakravartI ke yahAM eka bAra bhojana karake puna: bhojana karanA durlabha huA, usI prakAra eka bAra manuSya janma pAkara use punaH pAnA bar3A hI durlabha hai| 13 yahA~ 'collaka' zabda dezI hai jisakA artha hai - 'bhojn'| 2. pAzaka dRSTAnta14 meM kahA hai ki nandavaMza kA unmUlana kara candragupta ko pATaliputra kA rAjya kisa prakAra prApta ho, yaha cANakya socane lgaa| usane arthasaMgraha ke lie eka yantrapAza banAyA aura kisI deva kI kRpA se usake pAze prApta kiye| usane dasa pAze ko nagara ke timuhAnI aura caumuhAnI Adi pramukha rAstoM para rakhavA diyaa| cANakya ne usa dyUtapAza ke pAsa eka dInAra bharI thAlI bhI rakhavA dI aura yaha kahA gayA ki jo koI jue meM jIta jAyegA, use yaha dInAra bharI thAlI dI jAyegI aura jo hAra jAyegA vaha eka dInAra degaa| isa deva nirmita pAze ke dvArA kisI kA bhI jItanA sambhava nahIM thA, sabhI hArate jAte aura eka-eka dInAra dete jaate| isa prakAra cANakya ne bahuta-sA dhana arjita kara liyaa| 3. dhAnya kA dRSTAnta prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki yadi samasta bharatakSetra ke dhAnyoM ko milAkara unameM eka prastha sarasoM milA dI jAe aura kisI kamajora evaM rogI vRddhA strI se usa samasta dhAnya meM se eka prastha sarasoM alaga karane ko kahA jAye jaise- samasta dhAnya meM se thor3I se sarasoM ko pRthak karanA atyanta durlabha hai usI prakAra aneka yoniyoM meM bhaTaka rahe jIva ko manuSyatva kI prApti durlabha hai|15 4. ratna kA dRSTAnta prastuta karate hue kahA hai ki jaise- samudra meM kisI jahAja ke naSTa ho jAne para khoye hue ratna kI prApti durlabha hai vaise hI manuSya janma kI prApti durlabha hai|16 isake bAda sUtradAna ke antargata 97 gAthAoM meM nandasundarI kI kathA prastuta

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 27 kI hai aura vinaya sUtradAna meM guru ke karttavyoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki - 'guru ko sUtra kA dAna yogya pAtroM ko vidhipUrvaka hI karanA cAhie, kyoMki siddhAcAryoM dvArA sUtrAnusAra sUtradAna karanA nizcaya hI yogya kArya hai| Asanna bhavya jIvoM kI pahacAna bhI sUtroM ke anusAra hotI hai| ata: dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke anusAra ucita pravRtti jinendradeva ke zAsana meM sarvatra hI gaurava (bahumAna) prApta karAtI hai tathA isake viparIta AcaraNa se sva-para kA vinAza aura AjJAkopa Adi doSoM kA sevana hotA hai ata: ati nipuNabuddhi se samyak pravRtti karanI caahie|17 baddhi ke bheda- AcArya haribhadra ne upadezapada meM baddhi ke cAra bheda batalAye haiN|8 - 1. autpattikI, 2. vainayikI, 3. karmajA tathA 4. paarinnaamikii|| 1. autpattikI buddhi- isa buddhi kI utpatti meM kSamopazama kAraNa hotA hai| 2. vainayikI buddhi- vinaya arthAt guru-zuzrUSA Adi pradhAna kAraNa jisameM hotA hai vaha vainayikI buddhi hai| 3. karmajA buddhi- karma rUpa nitya vyApAra se jo buddhi utpanna hotI hai vaha karmajA buddhi hai| 4. pAriNAmikI buddhi- sudIrghakAla taka pUrvApara tattva-avalokana Adi se utpanna Atmadharma jisameM pradhAna kAraNa hotA hai use pAriNAmikI buddhi kahate haiN| buddhi ke uparyukta cAra bhedoM ko aneka padoM dvArA aneka dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA hai| prathama autpattikI buddhi ke viSaya meM satraha udAharaNa (pada) prastuta kiye haiM1. bharatazilA, 2. paNita, 3. vRkSa, 4. mudrAratna, 5. paTa, 6. saraDa, 7. kAka, 8. uccAra, 9. gaja (gola khambhe), 10. bhANDa (ghayaNa), 11. gola, 12. stambha, 13. kSullaka, 14. mArga, 15. strI. 16. dvaupatI tathA 17. putr|19 uparyukta dRSTAntoM meM se rohaka kumAra ke ye teraha dRSTAnta nandIsUtra meM batalAye haiM --- bharahasila, miMTa, kukkuDa, tila, bAluNa, hatthi, agaDa, vaNasaMDe, pAsaya, aiA, patte, khADahilA tathA pNcpiyro| isa ullekha se yaha spaSTa hai ki ina sabhI AkhyAnoM kA srota nandIsUtra hai| bhAva tathA bhASA kI dRSTi se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vainayikI tathA pAriNAmikI buddhi ke lakSaNa evaM udAharaNa bhI. nandIsUtra se grahaNa kiye haiN| bharatazilA nAmaka pada meM rohaka kumAra kA udAharaNa diyA hai ki ujjaina ke rAjA jitazatru pratyutpannamati rohaka kI aneka prakAra se buddhi kI parIkSA lete haiM aura anta meM use apanA pradhAnamantrI banA lete haiN|21 isa kathA meM rohaka kI buddhi kA camatkAra /

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28 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 vibhinna rUpoM meM varNita hai| 'strI-vyantarI' ke viSaya meM kAraNika - nAmaka kathA meM kahA hai ki eka yuvA puruSa gAr3I para apanI patnI ko lekara kahIM jA rahA thaa| rAste meM patnI ko pyAsa lagI ata: pAnI pIne ke lie gAr3I se utarakara vaha gyii| itane meM eka vyantarI ne usa puruSa ko dekhA aura usa para mugdha ho gyii| vaha vyantarI usa yuvA kI patnI kA rUpa banAkara gAr3I meM Akara baiTha gyii| yuvaka ne use apanI patnI samajhA aura gAr3I Age bar3hA dii| patnI pAnI pIkara lauTI aura dekhA ki gAr3I to Age bar3ha gayI hai to vaha rone lgii| usane cillAkara aneka prakAra se apane pati ko gAr3I rokane ke lie AvAja lgaayii| yuvaka ne gAr3I rokI aura ina donoM striyoM kI samAna AkRti dekhakara use mahAn Azcarya huaa|22 isake antargata kucha manoraMjaka AkhyAna isa prakAra haiM - kisI raktapaTa (bauddha bhikSu) ne eka kSullaka se pUchA--- 'isa vinAtaTa (venyAtara) nagara meM kitane kauve haiM? kSullaka ne uttara diyA- sATha hajAra kauve haiN| taba bhikSu ne puna: prazna kiyA- yadi sATha hajAra se kama yA jyAdA hue taba?' kSullaka ne turanta uttara diyA - yadi kama hue taba yaha samajhanA cAhie ki kucha kauve videza cale gaye aura yadi adhika haiM taba samajhanA cAhie ki bAhara se kucha aura kauve atithi ke rUpa meM A gaye haiN| aisA uttara sunakara zAkyaputra bhikSu niruttara hokara raha gyaa|23 isI prakAra eka bAra kisI zAkya bhikSu ne eka giragiTa ko apanA sira dhunate hue dekhaa| eka kSullaka se vaha upahAsapUrvaka bolA- tuma to sarvajJa putra ho, ata: yaha batalAo ki yaha giragiTa apanA sira kyoM dhuna rahA hai? usa kSullaka ne turanta uttara diyA - 'zAkyavratI! tumheM dekhakara cintA se Akula ho yaha Upara-nIce dekha rahA hai| tumhArI dAr3hI-mUMcha dekhakara ise lagatA hai ki tuma bhikSu ho, lekina jaba vaha tumhAre lambe cIvara ko dekhatA hai to tuma ise bhikSuNI najara Ate ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha giragiTa apanA sira dhuna rahA hai| yaha sunakara becArA bhikSu niruttara raha gyaa| upadezapada meM isI taraha ke aura bhI manoraMjaka AkhyAna diye gaye haiN| 'kacchapa kA lakSya' 25 tathA 'yuvakoM se prema' 26 nAmaka kathAe~ vyaMgya pradhAna haiN| vividha AkhyAnoM ke mAdhyama se haribhadrasari ne autpattikI Adi cAroM prakAra kI buddhi kI vizeSatAe~ pragaTa kI haiN| binA dekhe, binA sune aura binA jAne viSayoM ko usI kSaNa meM abAdhita rUpa se grahaNa karanA tathA tatsambandhI camatkAroM ko kathAoM dvArA dikhalAnA hI ina kathAoM kA uddezya hai| saMkhyA tathA mArmikatA kI dRSTi se haribhadra kI laghu kathAoM meM buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAoM kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isa zreNI kI kathAoM kA zilpa vidhAna nATakIya

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 29 tattvoM se sampRkta rahatA hai| itivRtta, caritra Adi ke rahane para bhI pradhAnataH buddhi camatkAra hI vyakta hotA hai| autpattikI baddhi 'gola' pada ke antargata kahA hai ki kisI bAlaka kI nAka meM khelate-khelate lAkha kI eka golI calI gyii| jaba bAlaka ke pitA ko patA lagA to usane eka sunAra ko bulaayaa| sunAra ne sAvadhAnIpUrvaka lohe kI garama salAI nAka meM DAla kara golI tor3a dI phira dhIre se salAI nikAlI aura pAnI meM DAlakara ThaNDI kara dii| puna: usa ThaNDI salAI se nAka ke andara kI golI bAhara nikAla dI aura vaha bAlaka svastha ho gyaa|28 vainayikI buddhi ke antargata nimitta vidyA, arthazAstra, citrakalA, lekhana, gaNita, azva, kUpa, gardabha, agada (viSa) parIkSA, gaNikA tathA aMka evaM lipi jJAna se sambandhita aneka mahattvapUrNa bAteM kathAnakoM sahita dI gayI haiN|29 upadezapadavRtti meM aTThAraha prakAra kI lipiyoM kA ullekha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| ina lipiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiMhaMsalipi, bhUtalipi, yakSI, rAkSasI, uDDI, yavanI, phuDukkI, kIDI, daviDI, siMdhaviyA, mAlaviNI, naTI, nAgarI, lATalipi, pArasI, animittA, cANakyI aura muuldevii|20 khela-khela meM lipi vidyA sikhAne ke viSaya meM eka AkhyAna hai ki kisI rAjA ne apane putra ko lipi sikhAne ke lie kisI upAdhyAya ke sAtha rakhA; kintu anuzAsanahInatAvaza vaha lipi sIkhane meM utsAhita nahIM thA aura bAlaka khela meM hI masta rhtaa| upAdhyAya bhI sikhAne meM lAparavAhI krte| kintu bAda meM rAjA ke bhaya se upAdhyAya ne khar3iyA, miTTI tathA usakI goliyoM ke mAdhyama se khela-khela meM bhUmi, patthara Adi para likha-likha kara aura khar3iyA miTTI ke akSaroM ke AkAra banAkara use sikhaayaa| isase vaha zIghra hI lipi vidyA sIkha gyaa|31 _ 'zatrutA' zIrSaka kathA meM vararuci aura zakaTAla ina donoM buddhijIviyoM kI zatrutA kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| vararuci ne apanI cAlAkI dvArA zakaTAla ko maravA diyaa| zakaTAla ke putra kSepaka ne vararuci se badalA cukaayaa| kathA meM Adyanta dAMva-peMca kA vyApAra nihita hai|32 karmajA buddhi ke antargata bhI aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| isI meM tantuvAya, rathakAra, kAndavika, kumbhakAra, citrakAra, mRtapiNDa citrAdi jJAna-sambandhI vivaraNa haiN|33 pAriNAmikI buddhi ke AkhyAnoM meM abhayakumAra, kASThaka zreSThi, zreNika rAjasuta nandiSeNa, cilAtIputra, cANakya-candragupta, sthUlibhadra AcArya, vajrasvAmI, gautamasvAmI, caNDakauzika, nArada-parvata Adi ke AkhyAna tathA nArI caritroM meM rati sundarI (gAthA 697), buddhisundarI (gAthA 703), guNasundarI (gAthA-713), RddhisundarI (gAthA 708), nRpapatnI (gAthA 891) tathA devadattA Adi ke AkhyAna aitihAsika dRSTi

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30 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| __ isI ke antargata 'nanda kI ulajhana' kathA kA Arambha vilAsa se aura anta tyAga se hotA hai| Adi se anta taka kArya-vyApAroM kA tanAva hai| nanda sAdhu ho jAne para bhI apanI patnI sundarI kA hI dhyAna kiyA karatA hai| romAnsa usake jIvana meM ghulA-milA hai| nanda kA bhAI apane kaI camatkArapUrNa kAryoM ke dvArA nanda ko sundarI se virakta karatA hai|35 yahA~ Arya mahAgiri tathA Arya sahasti ke AkhyAna bhI diye gaye haiN|36 -gajAyapura tIrtha meM mahAgiri ne pAdopagamana dhAraNa kara mRtyu prApta kI thii| govinda vAcaka ke dRSTAnta meM kahA hai ki ye bauddha dharmAnuyAyI mahAvAdI the aura zrIguptasUri se zAstrArtha meM parAjita hone para jainadharma meM dIkSita hue the|37 dharmabIja kI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jaina zAsana meM zraddhA pradhAna dayA-dAna Adi anavadya bhAva hI dharmabIja hai|38 sthavirakalpa meM karaNIya kArya,39 vaiyAvRtta kA svarUpa samyagdarzana kI nirmalatA Adi viSayoM kA acchA pratipAdana hai|40 Age AdhyAtma kI pradhAnatA ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki yahI mUlabaddha anuSThAna hai| isake viparIta saba kucha zarIra meM lage hue maila kI taraha asAra hai| jainetara zAstroM meM bhI AdhyAtma kI pradhAnatA varNita hai| 1 / / caityadravya ke upayoga kI vividha prakAra se nindA karate hue isase sambandhita saMkAza zrAvaka kA AkhyAna diyA hai jo ki aneka janma-janmAntaroM taka duHkha bhogatA hai| upadezapada meM devadravya kA svarUpa tathA usake rakSaNa ke phala kA acchA pratipAdana hai| 2 samyagjJAna kA svarUpa aura phala, abhigraha, karmabandha ke hetu, guNasthAna, aNuvrata, mahAvrata, paJcasamiti, trigupti, gurukulavAsa se jJAnAdi guNoM kI prApti, svAdhyAya, yatnAcAra, utsarga-apavAda lakSaNa se sabhI nayoM dvArA abhimata tAttvita svarUpa, duSamAkAla meM caritra kI sthiti Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana vibhinna AkhyAnoM dvArA vistRta rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| dharmAcaraNa kA niraticAra pAlana karane se zreya pada kI prApti hotI hai| isa sambandha meM AcArya haribhadra ne zaGka-kalAvatI kA bar3A AkhyAna diyA hai| TIkAkAra ne isa AkhyAna kA 451 AryA chandoM meM vistAra kiyA hai|43 isI prasaMga meM zakkara aura ATe se bhare hae bartana ke ulaTa jAne, khAMDa mizrita sattU aura ghI kI kuNDI ulaTa jAne evaM uphAna se nikale hue dUdha ke hAtha para gira jAne se kisI sajjana puruSa ke kuTumba kI dayanIya sthiti kA vRttikAra ne bar3A hI sajIva citraNa kiyA hai| dharma, sukha, pANDitya Adi kA praznottara rUpa meM svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki- dharma kyA hai? uttara- jIva dyaa| sukha kyA hai? - uttara- aarogy| sneha

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 31 kyA hai ? kyA hai ? uttara- sdbhaav| pANDitya kyA hai ? uttara- hitAhita kA viveka / viSama uttara - kArya kI gati / prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? uttara- manuSya dvArA guNa grahaNa sukha se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? uttara - sajjana puruSa / tathA kaThinatA se prApta karane yogya kyA hai ? uttara- durjana puruSa 44 - - 43 Age aneka viSayoM ko sodAharaNa prastuta karate hue dharmaratna prApti kI yogyatA ko samajhAyA hai / 45 viSayAbhyAsa meM zuka aura bhAvAbhyAsa meM narasundara, 46 kI tathA zuddhayoga meM durgata nArI aura zuddhAnuSThAna meM ratnazikha kI kathA dI hai| 47 grantha kA upasaMhAra karate hue AcArya haribhadra ne kahA hai ki zAzvata sukha cAhane puruSa ko kalyANamitra-yogAdi rUpa vizuddha yogoM meM dharma siddha karane kA samyak prayAsa karanA caahie| 48 vAle dharmakathApradhAna isa upadezapada kI laghukathAoM kA vibhAjana nimnalikhita vargoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai" 1. kArya evaM ghaTanA pradhAna kathAeM 1. indradatta (gAthA 12 ), 2. dhUrtarAja ( gAthA 86), 3. zatrutA ( gAthA 117) / 2. caritra pradhAna kathAeM 1. mUladeva ( gAthA 11 ), 2. vinaya ( gAthA 20), 3. zIlavatI (gAthA 30-34), 4. rAmakathA ( gAthA 114), 5. vajrasvAmI ( gAthA 146 ), 6. gautama svAmI (gAthA 142), 7. Arya mahAgiri (gAthA 203-211), 8. Arya suhasti (gAthA 203-211), 9. vicitra karmodaya ( gAthA 203 - 211), 10. bhImakumAra ( gAthA 245 - 250 ), 11. rudra ( gAthA 395-402), 12. zrAvakaputra (gAthA 506-517), 13. pAkhaNDI (gAthA 258), 14. kurucandra ( gAthA 952-969), 15. zaMkha nRpati ( gAthA 736 - 762), 16. RddhisundarI (gAthA 708), 17. rati - sundarI (gAthA 703), 18. guNasundarI (713), 19. nRpa patnI (gAthA 861-868) / 3. bhAvanA aura vRttipradhAna kathAeM 1. gAlava (gAthA 378-382), 2. meghakumAra (gAthA 264-372), 3. tote kI pUjA (gAthA 975-969), 4. vRddhA nArI (gAthA 1020 -1030) / 4. vyaMgya pradhAna kathAeM 1. kacchapa kA lakSya (gAthA 13), 2. yuvakoM se prema (gAthA 113) /

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32 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 5. buddhi camatkAra pradhAna kathAeM 1. catura rohaka (gAthA 52-74), 2. pathika ke phala (gAthA 81), 3. abhayakumAra (gAthA 82), 4. caturavaidya (gAthA 80), 5. hAthI kI taula (gAthA 87), 6. mantrI kI niyukti (gAthA 90), 7. vyantarI (94), 8. kalpaka kI caturAI (108), 9. mRgAvatI kauzala (gAthA 108) / 6. pratIka pradhAna kathAeM 1. dhanya kI putra vadhue~ (gAthA 172-179) / 7. manoraMjana pradhAna kathAeM 1. jAmAtA parIkSA (gAthA 143), 2. rAjA kA nyAya (gAthA 120), 3. viSayI sukha (pR. 398) / 8. nIti yA upadezapradhAna kathAeM 1. savalita ratna (gAthA 10), 2. somA (550-597), 3. varadatta (605-663), 4. govara (550-597), 5. satsaMgati (608-663), 6. kali (867), 7. kuntaladevI (497), 8. sUrateja (1013-1017) / 9. prabhAvapradhAna kathAeM 1. brahmadatta (gAthA 6), 2. puNyakRtya kI prApti (gAthA 8), 3. prabhAkara-citrakAra (gAthA 362-366), 4. kAmAsakti (gAthA 147), 5. mASatuSa (gAthA 193) / hama dekhate haiM ki upadezapada eka anupama grantha hai jisameM kathAnakoM ke mAdhyama se sadAcAra kI preraNA dI gayI hai| vastuta: kathAeM jIvana ke vibhinna pahaluoM ko apane meM sameTe hae sahajatA ke sAtha manoraMjana karatI huI apUrva preraNAe~ pradAna karatI haiN| saikar3oM prakAra ke siddhAnta jahA~ kAryakArI nahIM hote vahAM prabhAvapUrNa kathA yA dRSTAnta vyakti ko mArga para lAne ke lie hRdaya parivartana meM adhika sahakArI banatI haiM, kyoMki aisI kathAoM meM koI na koI gaharI saMvedanA rahatI avazya hai| DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI ne ina kathAoM ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki haribhadra kI kArya aura ghaTanApradhAna kathAoM meM ghaTanAoM ke camatkAra ke sAtha pAtroM ke kAryoM kI vizeSatA, AkarSaNa aura tanAva Adi bhI haiN| yoM to ye kathAeM kathArasa ke uddezya se nahIM likhI gayI haiN| lekhaka viSaya kA udAharaNa dvArA spaSTIkaraNa karanA cAhatA hai athavA upadeza ko hRdayaGgama karAne ke lie koI udAharaNa upasthita karatA hai, to bhI kathAtattva kA

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_ AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 33 samIcIna saniveza hai|50 ina laghu kathAoM meM jIvana-nirmANa, manoraMjana, mAnasika kSudhA kI tRpti, jIvana aura jAgatika sambandhoM ke vizleSaNa evaM cirantana aura yuga satyoM ke udghATana kI sAmagrI pracura rUpa meM vidyamAna hai tathA sAmAnya rUpa se ye sabhI kathAe~, dRSTAnta yA upadeza-kathAeM hI haiN|51 isa prakAra upadezapada meM vyakta haribhadrasUri ke cintana ke mahattva ko dekhate hue usake sAGgopAGga evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI Aja ke sandarbha meM bahuta AvazyakatA hai tAki unake virAT vyaktitva aura cintana kA lAbha sarvasAdhAraNa ko upalabdha ho ske| sandarbha : 1. jAiNimayahariyAe raitA eteu dhmmputtennN| haribhaddAyarieNaM bhavavirahaM icchmaannennN|| - upadezapada, 1039. 2. (ka) tamhA kareha sammaM jaha viraho hoi kmmaannN| paJcAzaka, 940 (kha) dukkha virahAya bhavvA laMbhatu jiNa dhamma sNbodhi| dharmasaMgrahaNI, 1369. 3. upadezapada (uvaesapaya) nAmaka mUla grantha kA prakAzana san 1928 meM zrI RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma se paMcAzaka, dharmasaMgrahaNI Adi ATha granthoM ke sAtha prakAzita huA hai| upadezapada mahAgrantha nAma se do bhAgoM meM zrI manmuktikamala jaina mohanabhAlA, bar3odarA se kramaza: 1923 evaM 1925 meM prkaashit| 5. granthAgra0 14500 sUtra saMyuktopadezapadavRttizlokamAnena pratyakSaragaNanayA upadezapadavRtti kI prazasti kA antima vAkya, pR. 434. upadezapadavRtti dvitIyo bhAgaH, Adya vaktavya (bhUmikA), pR. 6-7. sAhAyyamatra paramaM kRtaM vineyena raamcndrenn| gaNinA, lekhasaMzodhanAdikaM shessshissyaishc|| upadezapadavRtti, antima prazasti 8, pR. 434. pUrvaiyadyapi kalpiteha gahanA vRtti: ...... yatno ymaasthiiyte| -upadezapadavRtti (prArambhika), 3. 9-10.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-4, pR. 195. 11. upadezapada, gAthA 1-2 kI vRtti, pR. 2. 12. aidullahaM ca eyaM collagapamuhehiM attha smymmi| bhaNiyaM diTuMtehiM ahamavi te sNpaavikkhaami||updeshpd||4||

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zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 collagapAsagadhaNNe- jue rayaNe ya sumiNacakke yA cammajuge paramANU - dasa diTTaMtA maNuyalaMbhe | | upadezapada // 5 // 13. upadezapada, gAthA 6. 34 : 14. vahI, gAthA 7, pR. 21. 15. dhaNe tti bharahadhaNNe siddhatthagapatthakheva therIe / avagiMcaNamelaNao emeva Thio maNuyalAbho | | upadezapada || 8 || 16. rayaNe ttibhinnapoyassa tesi nAso samuddamajjhami / aNNesaNammi bhaNiyaM tallAhasamaM khu maNuyattaM // 10 // 17. upadezapada, gAthA 30 - 36. 18. uppattiya veNaiyA kammaya taha pAriNAmiyA ceva / buddhI cauvvihA khalu niddiTThA samayakeUhiM / / upadezapada, gAthA 38. 19. bharahasilapaNiyarukkhe khddddgpddsrddkaayuccaare| gayaghayaNagolakhaMbhe khuDDagamaggatthipaiputte / / upadezapada- 40. 20. nandisUtra, gAthA 70-72. 21. upadezapada, gAthA 52-79. 22. itthI vaMtari saccitthitulla tIyAdikahaNa vavahAre / hatthAvisa ThAvaNa gaha dIhAgarisaNe NANaM / / upadezapada - 93. 23. kAge saMkhe vaMciya viNNAyaDa saTThi UNa pavAsAI / aNNe ghariNiparicchA NihiphuTTe rAyaNNAo | | upadezapada - 85. 24. upadezapadavRtti, gAthA 84, pR0 61. 25. upadezapada, gAthA 13, pR0 21. 26. vahI, gAthA 113, pR0 84. 27. DaoN0 nemicanda zAstrI, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR. 182. 28. golaga jaumayaNakke pavesaNaM dUragamaNadukkhammi | tattasalAgAkhoho sIyala gADhatti kaDDaNayA / / upadezapada, 89 29. upadezapada, gAthA 107 - 120.

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AcArya haribhadrasUri praNIta upadezapada : eka adhyayana : 35 30. haMsalivI bhUyalivI jakkhI taru rakkhasI ya boddhvvaa| uDDI javaNi phuDukkI kIDI daviDI ya siNdhviyaa||| mAlaviNI naDi nAgari lADalivI pArasI ya boddhvvaa| taha animittA NeyA cANakkI mUladevI y|| - upadezapadavRtti, gAthA 109/1-2, pR. 81. 31. lehe livIvihANaM vttttkkheddddennmkkhraalihnnN| piTThimmi lihiyavAyaNa makkharaviMdAi cuynnaannN|| upadezapada, gAthA 109. 32. upadezapada, gAthA 117, pR. 96 (haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya..., pR. 177). 33. vahI, gAthA 122-127. 34. vahI, gAthA 128-170. 35. vahI, gAthA 139, pRtra 109 (haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya...., pR. 177). 36. vahI, gAthA 202-211. 37. vahI, gAthA 258, pR. 180. 38. vahI, gAthA 224, 231-234. 39. vahI, gAthA 223. 40. vahI, gAthA 335-360. 41. ajjhappamUlabaddhaM ittoNuTThANamo sayaM viti| tucchamalatullamaeNaM aNNevajjhappa stthnnnnuu|| vahI, gAthA 368. 42. vahI, gAthA 403-420. 43. vahI, gAthA 736-768. 44. ko dhammo jIvadayA, kiM sokkhamaroggayA u jiivss| ko ho sambhAvo, kiM paMDiccaM priccheo|| kiM visamaM kajjagatI, kiM laddhaM jaM jaNo gunnggaahii| kiM suhagejhaM suyaNo, kiM duggejhaM khalo loo|| - upadezapada, gAthA 598-599. 45. vahI, gAthA 911-919. 46. vahI, gAthA 988-994.

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36 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 47. vahI, gAthA 1018-1031. 48. vahI, gAthA 1032-1033. 49. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 276-279. 50. haribhadra kA prAkRta kathA sAhitya, pR. 177. 51. vahI, pR. 186.

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna* ku0 madhulikA bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| eka ora unhoMne kAvya kI aneka vidhAoM meM vizAla sAhitya kI racanA kI hai to dUsarI ora vyAkaraNazAstra, kAvyazAstra, alaGkArazAstra evaM chandazAstra jaise lAkSaNika viSayoM para bhI saphalatApUrvaka apanI lekhanI calAyI hai| chandazAstra ke kSetra meM jaina-paramparA kA mahAn avadAna hai| jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta, gujarAtI aura hindI meM chanda-viSayaka kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hai| chandazAstraviSayaka jaina AcAryoM ke granthoM kA paricaya dene se pUrva yaha ullekha karanA asaGgata nahIM hogA ki sabhI jaina chandazAstrakAroM kA samaya jJAta evaM nizcita nahIM hai| ata: kAlakrama se ina granthoM kA paricaya denA sarala nahIM hai| granthoM kI bhASA ke AdhAra para inakA vargIkaraNa kara yathAsambhava kAlakrama se unakA paricaya dene kA prastuta adhyAya meM prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| una kRtiyoM kA paricaya dene se pUrva inakA saMkSipta sarvekSaNa prastuta karanA samIcIna hogaa| isa uddezya se jaina chandazAstraviSayaka kRtiyoM ko bhASAkrama se prAkRta, saMskRta, gujarAtI aura hindI meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta chanda-grantha saMskRta chanda-granthoM meM sarvaprathama digambara AcArya pUjyapAda (vi0saM0 chaThI zatAbdI) kI kRti chandazAstra prApta hotI hai| tatpazcAt svayambhU (chaThI zatAbdI) kA svayambhUcchandas prApta hotA hai| svayambhU kA kAla pro0 eca0sI0 bhAyANI ke anusAra chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArddha mAnA jAtA hai| jayadeva ne jayadevachandas 910 I0 meM praNIta kiyaa| isa para harSaT (san 1124 I0) racita aura jinacandrasari (13vIM zatAbdI I0) racita do vRttiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI meM viracita rAjazekharakRta chandaHzekhara, jayakIrtikRta chando'nuzAsana, ajJAtakartRka ratnamaJjUSA aura buddhisAgarasUrikRta chandaHzAstra upalabdha haiN| *. akhila bhAratIya prAcya vidyA sammelana ke pUnA meM Ayojita 41veM vArSika adhivezana meM paThita evaM muni puNyavijaya smRti puraskAra se sammAnita Alekha **. zodhachAtrA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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38 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 bArahavIM se caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya AcArya hemacandrakRta chando'nuzAsana (bArahavIM zatAbdI), AcArya amaracandrasUrikRta chandoratnAvalI (bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI), chando'nuzAsana para svopajJavRtti, yazovijayagaNi aura vardhamAnasUrikRta TIkAe~ prApta hotI haiN| mahAkavi vAgbhaTTa (14vIM zatAbdI) kRta chando'nuzAsana aura rAmavijayagaNikRta chandaHzAstra nAmaka saMskRta meM racita anya grantha bhI upalabdha haiN| 16vIM zatAbdI kA ekamAtra grantha muni kuzalalAbhakRta piMgalaziromaNi prApta hotA hai| isa krama meM upAdhyAya meghavijayakRta vRttamauktika, zIlazekharagaNikRta chandodvAtriMzikA (17vIM zatAbdI) aura upAdhyAya samayasundarakRta AryA-saMkhyAuddiSTa-naSTa-vartana vidhi aura muni bihArIkRta prastAra vimalendu (aThArahavIM zatAbdI) ye chanda-viSayaka jaina saMskRta kRtiyA~ ullekhanIya haiN| prAkRta chanda-grantha prAkRta-bhASA meM racita chanda-granthoM meM kavi rAjamallakRta chandovidyA, virahAGkakRta vRttajAtisamuccaya, nanditADhyakRta gAthAlakSaNa, ajJAtakartRka kavidarpaNa, ratnazekharasUrikRta chandaHkoza, ajJAtakartRka chandaHkandalI, dharmanandanagaNikRta chandaHstava, nAgarAjakRta piGgalazAstra, ajJAtakartRka prAkRtachanda aura ajJAtakartRka prAkRta piGgalazAstra samAhita haiN| yahA~ yaha ullekha karanA Avazyaka hai ki kucha granthoM meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza-bhASAoM kA eka sAtha prayoga huA hai| jaise- svymbhuucchnds| isI prakAra ratnazekharasUri ne bhI prAkRta aura apabhraMza donoM bhASAoM meM chandakoza kI racanA kI hai| hindI chanda grantha jahA~ taka hindI meM upalabdha jaina chanda-granthoM kA prazna hai, unakI saMkhyA atyalpa hai| mAtra tIna hindI grantha prApta hote haiM jinameM se do 18vIM zatAbdI aura eka 19vIM zatAbdI kA hai| harirAmadAsajI niraJjanI dvArA racita chandaratnAvalI aura piGgalarUpadIpa bhASA aTThArahavIM zatI kI racanAe~ haiN| mAkhana kavi dvArA racita piGgalachanda-zAstra unnIsavIM zatAbdI kI kRti hai| gujarAtI chanda grantha gujarAtI-bhaSA meM chandazAstra-viSaya koI bhI jaina kRti nahIM hai| mAtra eka vRtti prApta hotI hai| amarakIrtisUri ne aTThArahavIM zatAbdI meM chandakoza para bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI hai| jaina chandazAstra-viSayaka kRtiyoM kA bhASAnusAra saMkSipta paricaya isa

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prakAra hai jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 39 (a) saMskRta kRtiyA~ svayambhUcchandas' prAkRta meM nibaddha yaha kRti ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isake prathama adhyAya meM zakrI se utkRti taka 13 vargoM meM 63 varNa vRttoM, dvitIya meM 14 ardhasamavRttoM aura tRtIya meM viSama vRtta kA vivecana hai| caturtha se aSTama adhyAya taka apabhraMza chandoM kA pratipAdana hai| caturtha adhyAya meM utsAha, dohA aura usake bheda, mAtrA - bheda, raDDA, vadana, upavadana, marDilA, sundarI, hRdayayinI (hiyAliyA) dhavala tathA maGgala chandoM meM chaH pAdoM ke 24 chandoM kI gaNanA jAti, upajAti aura avajAti vargoM ke antargata karate hue kI gayI hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM 118 prakAra ke catuSpadI chandoM ( 110 arddhasama aura 8 sarvasama) aura 40 prakAra ke dvipadI chandoM ke lakSaNa tathA unameM kucha ke udAharaNa upalabdha haiN| saptama adhyAya meM 10 catuSpadI chandoM aura dvipadI chandoM meM kevala lakSaNa varNita hai| antima (aSTama) adhyAya meM utthakka, madanAvatAra, dhuvaka, 7 chaDDaNikA - bheda, uddhattA-bheda, paddhaDikA tathA dvipadI chanda ullikhita haiN| inameM sabhI lakSita chanda sodAharaNa nahIM haiN| svayambhU ne varNavRttoM ko hemacandra aura virahAMka kI bhA~ti akSara saMkhyA ke anusAra 26 vargoM meM vibhAjita karane kA anusaraNa to kiyA kintu una donoM viparIta ina chandoM ko saMskRta kA chanda na mAnakara prAkRta kAvya se unake udAharaNa diye haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki svayambhUcchandasakAra ke viSaya meM Adhunika vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai| paM0 rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pro0 eca0DI0 velaNakara tathA pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ne isa viSaya para apanA mantavya prastuta kiyA hai| sAMkRtyAyana ne paumacariukAra svayambhU ko hI prastuta chanda grantha kA kartA mAnate hue unakA samaya 790 I0 nirdiSTa kiyA hai| pro0 velaNakara ne svayambhUcchandas ke lekhaka ko kavi svayambhU se bhinna mAnate hue unakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA hai| pro0 hIrAlAla jaina ne bhI harivaMzapurANa aura paumacariu ke kavi svayambhU ko hI prastuta chanda grantha kA kartA svIkAra kiyA hai| samaya nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se pro0 velaNakara kA abhimata adhika saGgata lagatA hai aura tadanusAra svayambhUcchandas kA samaya 10 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva nizcita rUpa se mAnA jA sakatA hai| jayadeva chandas (910 I0) halAyudha aura kedArabhaTTakRta vRttaratnAkara ke TIkAkAra sulhaNa (1989 I0 ) dvArA jayadeva ko 'zvetapaTa ' vizeSaNa se ullikhita karane se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa grantha ke kartA zvetAmbara jainAcArya jayadeva the| sambhavataH jayadeva ne apanA chandograntha

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40 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 saMskRta-bhASA meM piGgala ke Adarza para racA hai| unakI taraha apane grantha ke ATha adhyAyoM meM se prathama adhyAya meM saMjJAe~, dvitIya, tRtIya meM vaidika chandoM kA nirUpaNa aura caturtha se lekara aSTama adhyAya meM laukika chandoM ke lakSaNa diye haiN| jayadeva ne adhyAyoM kA Arambha hI nahIM, unakI samApti bhI piGgala ke anurUpa kI hai| isa grantha para harSa (san 1224 I0) aura zrIcandrasUri (13vIM zatAbdI) dvArA racita do vRttiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| chandaHzekhara (IsA kI 11vIM zatI) Thakkura duddaka aura nAgadevI ke putra rAjazekhara ne isa kRti kI racanA kI thii| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha bhojadeva ko priya thaa| hemacandrAcArya ne bhI isa grantha kA upayoga apane chando'nuzAsana meM kiyA hai| isa grantha kI eka hastalikhita prati vi0saM0 1179 kI milatI hai| chando'nuzAsana-jayakIrti isa grantha ke kartA digambara jaina matAvalambI jayakIrti (samaya lagabhaga 1000 I0) kannaDa-pradeza ke nivAsI the| unakA chando'nuzAsana saMskRta-bhASA meM nibaddha hai aura piGgala aura jayadeva kI paramparA ke anusAra ATha adhikAroM meM vargIkRta hai| yaha grantha AdyopAnta padyabaddha hai| sAmAnya vivecana ke lie anuSTupa, AryA aura skandhaina tIna chandoM kA Azraya liyA gayA hai kintu chandoM ke lakSaNa pUrNata: yA aMzata: unhIM chandoM meM haiM, jinake ve udAharaNa haiN| svatantra rUpa se udAharaNa nahIM diye gaye haiN| isa prakAra isa grantha meM chandoM kA vivecana, lakSaNa aura udAharaNa tAdAtmya zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM chando'nuzAsana kI viSayavastu isa prakAra hai prathama adhikAra meM saMjJA varNana, dvitIya adhikAra meM uktA se lekara utkRti jAti taka ke sama varNita chandoM kA varNana, tRtIya adhikAra meM arddhasama varNa-vRtta tathA caturtha adhikAra meM viSama varNa-vRtta vaNirta hai| paJcama adhikAra meM AryA tathA mAtrAsamaka varga ke mAtrika chanda tathA SaSTha adhikAra meM vaitAlIya varga ke mAtrika chandoM ke atirikta dvipadI, aMjanAla, kAmalekhA, utsava, mahotsava tathA ramA nAmaka chanda aura varNika daNDaka pratipAdita hai| saptama adhikAra 'karNATa viSaya bhASA jAtyAdhikAra' hai, jisameM kannar3a bhASA ke chanda nirdiSTa haiN| aSTama adhikAra kA sambandha prastArAdi pratyayoM se hai| ___ chanda granthoM meM aba taka anullikhita, mAtrika chandoM kI dRSTi se yaha grantha bahuta mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai, kyoMki jayadeva kI taraha jayakIrti kI pravRtti vyAvahArika loka prayoga ke AdhAra para chandollekha kI ora hai| jayakIrti ne aise bahuta se mAtrika chandoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo jayadeva ke grantha meM nahIM haiM kintu aise chandoM meM adhikAMza ke prathamollekha kA gaurava virahAGka ko hai| isake bAda bhI saMskRta ke lakSaNakAroM meM

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 41 se unake prathama ullekha kA zreya jayakIrti ko hI hai| ___jayakIrti dvArA ullikhita navIna mAtrika chanda haiM- dvipadI,aJjanAla, kAmalekhA, utsava, mahotsava, ramA, lyottraa|| ratnamaJjUSA aparanAma chandoviciti isa ajJAtakartRka saMskRta racanA meM ATha adhyAya haiN| mukhyata: varNavRtta viSayaka isa kRti meM kula 230 sUtra haiN| isameM prApta kula chandoM ke nAma chando'nuzAsana ke atirikta anya granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hote| prathama adhyAya ke 26 sUtroM meM grantha meM prayukta cihnoM tathA pAribhASika zabdoM ke nirdeza haiN| dvitIya adhyAya ke 28 sUtroM meM AryA, gIti, AryAgIti, galitaka tathA upacitraka varga ke ardhasamavRttoM kA lakSaNa pratipAdita hai| tRtIya adhyAya ke 28 sUtroM meM vaitAlIya mAtravRttoM ke mAtrAsamaka varga gItayAmI, vizikhA, kulika, nRtyagati aura naTacaraNa ke lakSaNa varNita haiN| AcArya hemacandra ke atirikta nRtyagati aura naTacaraNa kA nirdeza kisI anya chandazAstrI ne nahIM kiyA hai| caturtha adhyAya ke 20 sUtroM meM granthakAra viSama varNa ke udgAtA, dAmAbarA yA padacatudhava tathA anuSTubhavaktra kA lakSaNa pratipAdana tathA udAharaNa detA hai| paJcama, SaSTha aura saptama adhyAya ke kramazaH 37, 38 aura 39 sUtroM meM samasta varNavRttoM kA lakSaNa tathA udAharaNa prApta hotA hai| varNavRttoM ko cha:-cha: akSara vAle cAra caraNoM se yukta gAyatrI se lekara utkRti taka ke 21 vargoM meM vibhakta karake vicAra kiyA gayA hai| paJcama adhyAya ke prArambha meM granthakAra ne samagra varNavRttoM ko tIna vargoM- samAna, pramANa aura vitAna inameM vibhakta kiyA hai, parantu adhyAya pA~ca se sAta meM upalabdha samasta vRtta vitAna varga ke haiN| isa granthakAra dvArA nirdiSTa 35 varNa vRttoM meM se lagabhaga 21 se piGgala aura kedAra donoM aparicita haiN| granthakAra yahA~ hemacandrAcArya se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| antima AThaveM adhyAya ke 19 sUtroM meM prastAra, naSTa, udviSTa, lamakriyA, saMkhyAna aura adhvan ina cha: prakAra ke pratyayoM kA nirUpaNa hai| ratnamaJjUSA-bhASya ratnamaJjUSA para ajJAtakartRka vRtti rUpa bhASya upalabdha hai| bhASya ke maGgalAcaraNa aura udAharaNoM se bhASyakAra kA jaina honA pramANita hotA hai| isameM prApta 85 udAharaNoM meM se 40 una-una chandoM ke nAma sUcaka haiM jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki chandoM ke yathAvat jJAna ke lie bhASyakAra ne udAharaNoM kI racanA kI hai| chandoM ke nAma se rahita udAharaNa anya granthakAroM ke pratIta hote haiN| ralamaJjaSA-bhASya meM abhijJAnazAkuntalam (aGka 1, zloka 33) pratijJAyaugandharAyaNa (2,3) ityAdi ke padya uddhRta kiye gaye haiN|

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42 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 adhyAya ATha ke antima udAharaNa meM nirdiSTa ekachandasi khaNDa---- merUmala: punnAga candroditaM! vAkya se pratIta hotA hai ki isake kartA zAyada punnAgacandra yA nAgacandra hoN| dhanaJjaya kavi viracita viSApahArastrota ke TIkAkAra kA nAma bhI nAgacandra hai| anya pramANoM ke abhAva meM kartRtva ke viSaya meM kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| prazasti meM ullikhita hai ki buddhisAgarasUri (11vIM zatI) ne chandaHzAstra kI racanA kI thI, parantu abhI taka yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| inake dvArA racita saMskRta vyAkaraNa paJcagranthI (san 1023 I0) kA ullekha milatA hai| varddhamAnasUri racita manoramAkahA (san 1083 I0) kI prazasti se bhI buddhisAgarasUri dvArA vyAkaraNa, chanda, nATaka ityAdi viSayaka granthoM kI racanA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| vardhamAnasUri buddhisAgarasUri ke jyeSTha bhrAtA the| chando'nuzAsana AcArya hemacandrasUri ne zabdAnuzAsana aura kAvyAnuzAsana kI racanA karane ke bAda chando'nuzAsana kI racanA kI hai| yaha chando'nuzAsana ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai, sUtroM kI saMkhyA isameM 764 hai| prathama adhyAya meM sUtroM kI saMkhyA 16, dvitIya adhyAya meM 401, tRtIya adhyAya meM 73, caturtha adhyAya meM 91, paJcama adhyAya meM 42, SaSTha adhyAya meM 32, saptama adhyAya meM 73 aura aSTama adhyAya meM sUtroM kI saMkhyA 17 hai| kula milAkara 700-800 (745) sUtroM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke vividha chandoM para sarvAGga prakAza DAlatA hai jisameM tIna se adhika adhyAyoM meM saMskRta meM pracalita varNika vRttoM kA vivaraNa haiN| caturtha adhyAya ke uttarArdha meM prAkRta chandoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| vizeSatA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to vaitAlIya aura mAtrAsamaka ke kucha naye bheda, jinakA nirdeza piMgala, jayadeva, virahAMka, jayakIrti Adi pUrvavartI AcAryoM ne nahIM kiyA thA, hemacandrasUri ne prastuta kiye, jaise- dakSiNAMtikA, pazcimAMtikA, upahAsinI, naTacaraNa, nRttgti| galitaka, khaJjaka aura zIrSaka ke kramaza: jo bheda batAye gaye haiM ve bhI prAya: navIna haiN| mAtrika chandoM ke lakSaNa darzAne vAle hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana kA mahattva navIna mAtrika chandoM ke ullekha kI dRSTi se bahuta adhika hai| hemacandra ne apane samaya taka pracalita samasta prasiddha tathA aprasiddha prAkRta evaM apabhraMza chanda vidhAoM kA vistAra se vivecana diyA hai tathA unheM svopajJa udAharaNoM se udAhata bhI kiyA hai, jinameM sarvatra chandonAma evaM 'mudrAlaGkAra' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hemacandra kA chandovivaraNa eka chandaHzAstrI vivaraNa hai tathA unhoMne samasta chandaH prakAroM ko apane grantha meM sameTane kI koziza kI hai| apabhraMza ke mizrachandoM ke sambandha meM avazya ve vistAra se carcA nahIM karate tathA itanA hI saMketa karate haiM ki ye aneka banAye jA sakate haiN|

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 43 AcArya hemacandra ne chando'nuzAsana para svopajJa vRtti kI bhI racanA kI hai, jisakA apara nAma chandazcUNAmaNi hai| chandoratnAvalI AcArya amaracandrasUri (13vIM zatAbdI) ne 700 zloka pramANa isa chanda grantha kI racanA kI thii| chandoratnAvalI meM 9 adhyAya haiM jisameM saMjJA, samavRtta, ardha-samavRtta, viSamavRtta, mAtrAvRtta, prastAra Adi prAkRta chanda va utsAha Adi SaTpadI, dvipadI Adi ke udAharaNapUrvaka lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| isameM kaI prAkRta-bhASA ke bhI udAharaNa haiN| amaracandrasUri AcArya jinaratnasUri ke ziSya the aura gujarAta ke vaghelavaMzIya rAjA vIsaladeva (san 1186 se 1204 I0) ne inheM veNIkRpANa kA viruda pradAna kiyA thaa| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| chando'nuzAsana isa chando'nuzAsana ke racayitA mahAkavi vAgbhaTTa (14vIM zatAbdI) mevAr3a deza meM prasiddha jainazreSThI nemikumAra ke putra aura 'rAhaDa' ke anuja the| saMskRta meM viracita yaha grantha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura isakA parimANa 540 zloka hai| isake prathama adhyAya meM saMjJA, dvitIya adhyAya meM samavRtta, tRtIya adhyAya meM ardha-samavRtta, caturtha meM mAtrAsamaka aura paJcama adhyAya meM mAtRka chanda kA vivecana hai| yaha chanda-viSayaka atyanta upayogI grantha hai| isa para AcArya ne svopajJavRtti bhI racI hai| . yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| piMgalaziromaNi upAdhyAya abhayadharma ke ziSya kharataragacchIya muni kuzalalAbha viracita isa saMskRta racanA ke ATha adhyAyoM meM varNita viSaya isa prakAra haiM 1. varNAvarNa chandasaMjJAkathana, 2-3. chandonirUpaNa, 4. mAtrAprakaraNa, 5. varNa prastAra- udiSTa-naSTa-nirUpatAkA-markaTI Adi SoDazalakSaNa, 6. alaGkAra-varNana, 7. DiMgalanAmamAlA aura 8. gIta prkrnn| yaha abhI taka prakAzita nahIM hai| isa chanda grantha meM chandoM ke atirikta koSa aura alaGkAroM kA bhI varNana hai| vRttamauktika sarvatomukhI pratibhAsampanna upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne isa chanda grantha kI racanA saMskRta meM kI hai| vRtta mauktika meM prastAra-saMkhyA, udiSTa, naSTa Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie yantra bhI diye gaye haiN| kavi ne

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44 : zramaNa / julAI - disambara 2002 isakI racanA bhAnuvijaya ke adhyayanArtha kI thii| chandodvAtriMzikA (zIlazekharagaNi) 12 saMskRta zlokoM meM viracita 32 padyoM meM isa atilaghu racanA meM mahattvapUrNa chandoM ke lakSaNa pratipAdita haiN| chandazAstrakAra kA samaya ajJAta hai| inake viSaya meM anya koI sUcanA bhI nahIM hai / chandodvAtriMzikA kI hastalikhita prati (lagabhaga 17vIM zatAbdI kI) lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira meM prApta hotI hai| chandovataMsa' (san 1714 I0) 3 yaha vAcaka zAntiharSa ke ziSya upAdhyAya lAlacandragaNi dvArA saMskRta meM viracita chanda grantha hai| isameM kedArabhaTTakRta vRttaratnAkara kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura usameM se kucha cune hue ati upayogI chandoM kA vistAra se vivecana hai / yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| AryA- saMkhyA- uddiSTa - naSTavarttanavidhi 14 upAdhyAya samayasundara ( 17vIM zatAbdI) dvArA viracita isa chanda grantha meM AryA chanda kI saMkhyA aura uddiSTa naSTa viSayoM kI carcA hai| inhoMne saMskRta aura prAcIna gujarAtI meM aneka kRtiyoM kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha aprakAzita hai| prastAra vimalendu 15 muni bihArI (18 vIM zatAbdI) ne isa chanda - viSayaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| ye aneka granthoM ke pratilipikAra the| inake viSaya meM anya koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotii| (ba) prAkRta bhASA meM racita kRtiyA~ chandovidyA" yaha kRti adhyAtma, kAvya aura nyAyazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita kavi rAjamalla dvArA viracita hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM nibaddha isa grantha kI zloka saMkhyA 550 hai| inameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza chanda mukhya haiN| isa grantha ke 8 se 64 padyoM meM chandazAstra ke niyama-upaniyama batAye gaye haiM, jisameM aneka prakAra ke chanda-bheda, unakA svarUpa, phala aura prastAroM kA varNana hai / chandovidyA meM bAdazAha akabara ke samaya kI aneka ghaTanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| chandovidyA kI racanA rAjA bhAramalla ke lie kI gayI thii| isameM chandoM ke lakSaNa bhAramalla ko sambodhita karate hue nibaddha haiN| bhAramalla zrImAla vaMza ke

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 45 zrAvakaratna nAgaurI tapAgacchIya AmnAya ke mAnane vAle tathA nAgaura deza ke saMghAdhipati the| ve zAkambharI deza ke zAsanAdhikArI bhI the| chandovidyA kI 28 patroM kI hastalikhita prati dillI ke digambarazAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| yaha grantha aprakAzita hai| isa grantha kA saMkSipta paricaya 'anekAntamAsika (san 1941) meM prakAzita huA hai| vRttajAtisamuccaya 7 yA virahalAJchana virahAGkakRta prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha isa grantha meM mAtrAvRtta aura varNavRtta kI carcA hai| yaha chaH paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai- prathama pariccheda prAstAvika hai| isameM varNita chandoM kI sUcI tathA mAtrAgaNoM kI dvividhi saMjJAyeM dI gayI haiN| dvitIya tathA tRtIya niyamoM meM una dvipadI chandoM kA kramaza: uddezya tathA lakSaNodAharaNa diyA gayA hai| caturtha niyama ke Arambha meM saMkSepa meM gAthA, skandhaka, gIti tathA upagIti kA saGketa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara 80 ke lagabhaga mAtrA vRttoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| grantha ke paJcama niyama meM virahAGka ke una 52 varNika chandoM kA lakSaNa diyA hai, jo prAya: saMskRta kaviyoM dvArA prayukta kiye jAte the| isa niyama ke lakSaNa bhAga kI bhASA saMskRta hI hai| SaSTha niyama meM prastAra, naSTa, uddiSTa, laghukriyA, saMkhyakA tathA adhvA ina cha: prakAra ke chandaH prastAroM kI gaNa-prakriyA para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prastAra ke antargata- (1) sUcI, (2) meru, (3) patAkA, (4) samudra, (5) viparIta-samudra, (6) pAtAla, (7) zAlmalI tathA (8) viparIta zAlmalI- ina ATha bhedoM kI gaNana-prakriyA kA ullekha hai| chaThe niyama ke zloka 52-53 meM eka koSThaka diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai4 aMgula 1 rAma 3 rAma 1 vitasti 2 vitasti 1 hAtha 2 hAtha 1 dhanurdhara 2000 dhanurdhara 1 koza 8 koza 1 yojana isakI eka hastalikhita prati vi0saM0 1192 kI milatI hai| gAthAlakSaNa aparanAma nanditADhyachandaHsUtra8 nanditADhya viracita isa grantha meM 96 prAkRta gAthAe~ haiN| grantha ke prathama padya meM gAthA lakSaNa, grantha aura usake racayitA nanditADhya kA ullekha hai| nanditADhya dvArA maGgalAcaraNa meM neminAtha, zAntinAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI vandanA kI gayI hai|

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46 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 sAtha hI, grantha ke madhya meM brAhmIlipi, jainadharma, jinavANI, jinazAsana va jinezvara kI stuti kI gayI hai| yadyapi granthakAra kA samaya nizcita nahIM hai aura na hI isameM Antarika yA bAhya sAkSya upalabdha haiN| sambandha meM ve virahAGka ke samakAlIna yA unake pUrvavartI bhI ho sakate haiN| yaha grantha mukhyatayA gAthA chanda se sambaddha hai| isake 47 padyoM meM gAthA ke vividha bhedoM kA lakSaNa nirUpita hai, zeSa 49 padyoM meM udAharaNa haiN| isameM mukhya gAthA chanda kA vivecana (gAthA 26-30) hai, apabhraMza kA tiraskAra, gAthA ke brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra vargoM kA ullekha (32 se 37) tathA pUrvokta gAthA bhedoM kI punarAvRtti (gAthA 38-39) varNita hai| tadanantara gAthA meM prayukta laghu guru vargoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra gAthA ke 26 bhedoM kA kathana (parisaMkhyA 40-44), laghu guru gaNanA vidhi (gAthA 45-46), kula mAtrA saMkhyA (47), prastAra saMkhyA (gAthA 48-51), anya chandoM kI prastAra saMkhyA (52) aura gAthA-sambandhI anya tathyoM kA vicAra (53-62) hai| gAthA 63 se 75 paryanta gAthAoM meM apabhraMza chandoM ke udAharaNa aura lakSaNa para vicAra (76-96), apabhraMza chanda kI racanA-paddhati (76-77), madanAvatAra yA candrAnana (78-79), dvipadI (80-81), vastuka yA sArdhacchandas (82-83), dohA usake bheda, udAharaNa aura rUpAntara (84-94) evaM anta meM zloka (95-96) kA nirUpaNa hai| bhaNDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTIcyUTa, khaNDa 14, bhAga 1-2, pRSThasaMkhyA 1 se 38, pUnA san 1933 meM eca0DI0 velaNakara dvArA sampAdita aura prakAzita huI hai| isa para ratnacandramuni ne eka vRtti kI racanA kI hai| ratnacandramuni mANDakyapuragaccha ke mahAkavi devAnandAcArya ke ziSya the| mahAkavi devAnandAcArya 108 prakaraNa granthoM ke racayitA the| kavidarpaNa IsA kI lagabhaga 13vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta meM viracita isa chandazAstra ke grantha ke kartA aura TIkAkAra kA nAma ajJAta hai| isameM cha: uddeza haiN| granthakAra kA uddezya sabhI prAkRta chandoM kA vivaraNa denA na hokara apane samaya meM pracalita mahattvapUrNa chandoM kA vivaraNa denA rahA hai| kavidarpaNa ke prathama uddeza meM mAtrA, varNa aura ubhaya ke AdhAra para chanda ke tIna varga batAye gaye haiN| dvitIya uddeza meM mAtrA chanda ke 11 prakAroM kA varNana hai| tRtIya uddeza meM sama, ardhasama aura viSama nAma ke varNa chandoM kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai| caturtha uddeza meM samacatuSpadI, ardhasAcatuSpadI aura viSamacatuSpadI ke varNa chandoM kA vivecana hai| paJcama uddeza meM ubhaya chandoM aura SaSTha uddeza meM prastAra aura saMkhyA nAma ke pratyayoM kA pratipAdana hai| isa prakAra cha: uddezAtmaka isa grantha meM prAkRta ke 21 sama, 15 ardhasarma aura

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 47 13 saMyukta chanda vivecita haiN| isa grantha meM 69 udAharaNa haiM, jo sambhavata: granthakAra viracita haiN| chandoM ke lakSaNa, nirdeza aura vargIkaraNa meM kavidarpaNakAra kI maulika dRSTi kA paricaya milatA hai| isameM chandoM ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa alaga-alaga prApta hote haiN| isa para eka ajJAtakartRka vRtti hai| grantha aura vRtti donoM meM hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana ke uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| chando'nuzAsana ke atirikta isa grantha meM ratnAvalInATikA (zrIharSa) tathA jinacandrasUri, sUraprabhasUri aura tilakasUri kI kRtiyoM se uddharaNa prApta hote haiN| sAtha hI bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI meM vidyamAna siddharAja jayasiMha, kumArapAla, samudrasUri, bhImadeva, tilakasUri, zAkambharIrAja aura yazoghoSasUri ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| kavidarpaNavRtti kavidarpaNa para ajJAta jaina vidvAnkRta vRtti (san 1308) prApta hotI hai| isa vRtti meM prApta sabhI 57 udAharaNa anyakartaka haiN| isameM sUra, piGgala aura locanadAsa kI saMskRta kRtiyoM aura svambha, pAdaliptasari, manoratha Adi vidvAnoM kI prAkRta kRtiyoM se avataraNa diye gaye haiN| vRtti meM ratnasUri, siddharAja jayasiMha, dharmasUri aura kumArapAla ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai| chandaHkandalI . ajJAtakartRka prAkRta-bhASA meM nibaddha isa grantha meM kavidarpaNa kI paribhASA kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| kavidarpaNa kI TIkA meM chandaHkandalI ko tIna-cAra bAra uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| chandaHkoza21 yaha kRti nAgapurIya tapAgaccha ke hematilakasUri ke ziSya ratnazekharasUri (lagabhaga 15vIM zatI) dvArA 79 gAthAoM meM viracita hai| chandazAstrakAra kA lakSya apabhraMza kaviyoM dvArA bahulatA se prayukta hone vAle apabhraMza chandoM kA lakSaNa nibaddha, karanA thaa| isameM upalabdha aneka lakSaNa pUrvavartI chandakAroM se lie gaye haiN| isa grantha meM padya 1-4 tathA padya 51-74 pariniSThita prAkRta meM nibaddha haiM jabaki padya 8-50 bhinna zailI meM nibaddha hai| inakI bhASA paravartI apabhraMza zailI kI paricayikA hai| pro0 velaNakara kA abhimata hai ki inameM se adhikAMza ko ratnazekhara ne anya granthakAroM se uddhRta kiyA hai| isa grantha para chandakozavRtti (saMskRta) aura chandaHkoza bAlAvabodha (gujarAtI) upalabdha haiN|

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48 : zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 chandastava 13 aJcalagacchIya dharmanandanagaNi dvArA viracita isa grantha para svopajJavRtti bhI milatI hai| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| isakI pANDulipi chANI ke grantha bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| piGgalazAstra 24 (nAgarAja) piGgalazAstra kI racanA nAgarAja ne kI hai| isakI bhASA prAkRta hai| isakA racanAkAla ajJAta haiN| isa grantha kI pUrNa hastalikhita prati 'digambara jaina mandira abhinandana svAmI, bUMdI' meM upalabdha hai| prAkRtachanda 5 prAkRtachanda nAmaka grantha ke granthakAra kA nAma ajJAta hai| isa chanda grantha kI bhASA prAkRta hai aura racanAkAla ajJAta hai| isa grantha kI pUrNa hastalikhita prati 'digambara jaina mandira, ajamera' meM upalabdha hai| prAkRtapiGgalazAstra -26 isa chanda grantha ke granthakAra kA nAma anupalabdha hai| isa grantha kI bhASA prAkRta hai| chandazAstra 27 (vi0 saM0 chaThI zatAbdI) isa kRti ke kartA jainendravyAkaraNa ke racayitA digambarAcArya pUjyapAda haiN| jayakIrti ne chando'nuzAsana meM jisa pUjyapAda kI kRti kA ullekha kiyA hai, yahI pUjyapAda haiN| ve (sa) hindI kRtiyA~ chandaratnAvalI 28 chandaratnAvalI ke granthakAra kA nAma harirAmadAsajI niraMjana hai| rAjasthAna (grantha-sUcI) bhAga 5 ke anusAra isa grantha kI bhASA hindI hai aura isa grantha kI racanA 1738 meM huI hai| yaha grantha bha0 di0 jaina mandira, ajamera meM pUrNa rUpa se upalabdha hai / grantha tathA granthakAra kA varNana nimna prakAra hai grantha chanda ratnAvalI sAratha yAkau nAma / bhUSana saratate te bharayo kahe dAsa harirAma / / 10 / / saMvata sara nava muni zazi nabha navamI gusmAna / DIDavAna dRr3ha kau patihi grantha janma bhalai jAni / /

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 49 piGgalarUpadIpabhASA29 isa chanda grantha ke granthakAra kA nAma anupalabdha hai| isa grantha kI bhASA hindI hai| rAjasthAna (grantha-sUcI) bhAga 5 ke anusAra isa grantha kA racanAkAla 1716 I0 hai| isakI pUrNa hastalikhita prati digambara jaina pArzvanAtha mandira, indaragar3ha (koTA) meM upalabdha hai| piGgalachandazAstra isa chanda grantha ke granthakAra kA nAma mAkhana kavi hai| inhoMne hindI-bhASA meM isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| inake racanA kA samaya 1806 I0 hai| isameM 46 se Age patra nahIM haiN| (da) gujarAtI kRti chandaHkoza-bAlAvabodha" chandakoza para AcArya mAnakIrti ke ziSya amarakIrti ne gujarAtI-bhASA meM 'bAlAvabodha' kI racanA kI hai| bAlAvabodha meM isa prakAra ullekha hai teSAM pade suvizyAtAH sUrayo bhrtkiirtyH| taizcaka bAlAvabodho yaM chanda kozAbhidhasya vai|| isakA eka hastalikhita prati ahamadAbAda ke lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira meM hai| prati 18vIM zatAbdI meM likhI gayI pratIta hotI hai| sandarbha sUcI 1. DaoN0 zivanandana prasAda, svayambhUkRta svayambhUcchandas, mAtrika chandoM kA vikAsa, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA, pR0 45. 2. jayadevakRta jayadevacchandas, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, hindU yUnivarsiTI, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1990 I0. 3. rAjazekharakRta chandaHzekhara, nyU kaiTalaoNgasa kaiTalaoNgarama, bhAga-7, DaoN0 kujhunI rAjA, madrAsa yUnivarsiTI, pR0 98. 4. DaoN0 zivanandana prasAda, jayakIrtikRta chando'nuzAsana, mAtrika chandoM kA vikAsa. 5. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 130. 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 132.

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50 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 7. AcArya hemacandrasUrikRta chando'nuzAsana, eca0DI0 velaNakara, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI. AcArya jayacandrasUrikRta chandoratnAvalI, ji.naganakoza, bhAga 1, eca0DI0 velaNakara, bhANDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA 1944 I0, pR0 127. 9. mahAkavi vAgbhaTTakRta chando'nuzAsana, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 137. 10. AcArya kuzalalAbhakRta piGgala ziromaNi, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 138. 11. upAdhyAya meghavijayakRta vRttamauktika, jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 12, aMka 5-6. 12. zIlazekharagaNikRta chandodvAtriMzikA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 141. 13. upAdhyAya lAlacandragaNikRta chando'vataMsa, jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, khaNDa 1, hIrAlAla ra0 kApar3iyA, muktikamala jaina mohanamAlA, bar3audA san : 1956. 14. upAdhyAya samayasundarakRta AryA-saMkhyA-uddi naSTavartanavidhi, jinaratnakoza, haridAmodara velaNakara, pUnA-1944 I0. 15. muni bihArIkRta prastAra vimalendu, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAthUrAma, premI, hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI 1942 IsvI. 16. kavi rAjamallakRta chandovidyA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 138. 17. virahAGkakRta vRttajAtisamuccaya, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 147. 18. DaoN0 zivanandana prasAda, nanditADhyakRta gAthAlakSaNa, mAtrika chandoM kA vikAsa. 19. kavidarpaNa, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 148. 20. kavidarpaNavRtti, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 149. 21. chandAkandalI, jinaratnakoza, pRSTha 127. 22. ratnazekharasUrikRta chandAkoza, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-5, pR0 149-50.

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jainAcAryoM kA chanda-zAstra ko avadAna : 51 23. dharmanandanagaNikRta chandastava, jinaratnakoza, pRSTha 128. 24. nAgarAjakRta piGgalazAstra, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaMDAroM kA sUcIpatra, bhAga-5, zrI digambara jaina aM0 kSetra zrImahAvIrajI, jayapura, pR0 594. 25. ajJAtakartRka prAkRtachanda, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaMDAroM kA sUcIpatra, bhAga-4, pR0 595. 26. piGgalazAstra, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha....... bhAga-4, pR0 312. 27. pUjyapAdakRta chandaHzAstra, nyU kaiTalAgasa kaiTalAgarama, bhAga-7, pR0 96. 28. harirAmadAsa jI niraMjanIkRta chandaratnAvalI, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha......, bhAga-3, pR0 8. 29. ajJAtakartRka piGgalarUpadIpabhASA, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha......., bhAga-5, pR0 595. 30. mAkhanakavikRta, piGgalachandazAstra, rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha......., bhAga-4, pR0 312-13. 31. amarakIrtisUrikRta chandakoza bAlAvabodha, hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, jaina saMskRta sAhityano itihAsa, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, muktikamala jaina mohana mAlA, bar3odarA 1956 I0, pRSTha 151.

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'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA viSayaka eka aura pramANa veda prakAza garga / vaizya-varNAntargata agravAla jAti kA vizeSa sthAna hai| isa jAti kA vikAsa 'agrohA' nAmaka se haA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna hariyANA rAjya meM hisAra se 14 mIla dUra dillI-sirasA mArga para sthita hai| isa samaya yaha eka choTA-sA ujar3A huA gA~va mAtra hai, kintu prAcIna-kAla meM yaha atyanta vizAla aura samRddha nagara thaa| isakA pramANa purAtAttvika mahattva ke ve TIle haiM, jo isake nikaTa lagabhaga 700 ekar3a bhUmi meM phaile hue haiN| inakI khudAI se mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha huI hai, jisase isake prAcIna gaurava tathA 'Agreya gaNarAjya' kI sthiti kA patA calatA hai| agrohA isa gaNarAjya kA kendra sthAna thaa| __Agraha gaNarAjya arthAt agrohA se nikAsa hone ke kAraNa isa jAti ko 'agravAla' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| saMskRta meM agravAloM ke lie 'agrotakAnvaya' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai aura prAkRta va apabhraMza meM 'ayaravAla' zabda se inakA ullekha hai| 'ayaravAla' zabda kA prAcInatama ullekha zrIdhara kavi dvArA saM0 1189 (1132 I0) meM dillI meM racita pAsaNAhacariu meM huA hai| usa samaya dillI meM tomaravaMzIya rAjA- anaMgapAla 'tRtIya' kA rAjya thaa| yaha 'ayaravAla' zabda agravAla jAti kA sUcaka hai| kucha mahAnubhAvoM ne 'ayaravAla' evaM 'agravAla' zabda kI ekarUpatA ko zaMkAspada mAnA hai| parantu yaha zaMkA nirAdhAra hai| agrajanapada arthAt agrohA nivAsI (kyoMki vahI agravAla jAti kA mUla nikAsa sthala thA) tadanusAra 'agravAla' zabda meM do zabda jur3e hue haiM- saMskRta zabda 'agra' aura hindI pratyaya 'vaal'| isameM 'agra' zabda agrohA kA dyotaka hai aura 'vAla' zabda usake pUrva nivAsa kA sUcaka hai| jisa prakAra 'khaMDelA' se 'khaMDelavAla', 'osiyA' se 'osavAla', 'pAlI' se 'pallIvAla' yA 'pAlIvAla' kahalAye, usI prakAra agrohA se nikAsa hone se 'agravAla' khlaaye| agravAla bolane meM mukha sukha se "agaravAla' ho jAtA hai| 'agaravAla' zabda kA chor3akara mAtra 'agravAla' zabda kA *. 14, khaTIkAna, mujaphpharanagara, u0pra0.

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'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA viSayaka eka aura pramANa : 53 prAcIna ullekha DaoN0 paramezvarI lAla gupta ke anusAra maulAnA dAUdakRta anaphIkAvya candAyana (racanA-kAla vi0saM0 1426, IsvI san 1369) meM huA hai, kintu isase pahale bhI agravAla zabda kA ullekha saM0 1411 (san 1354 I0) meM sadhAru kavi dvArA racita pradyumnacaritra meM milatA hai| ukta racanA meM kavi ne apanA paricaya dete hue batalAyA hai ki "merI jAti agravAla hai, jisakI utpatti agarove nagara se huii| merI mAtA kA nAma guNavai (guNavati) aura pitA kA nAma zAha mahArAja hai| eyaracha nagara meM basate hue maiMne isa caritra ko sunakara purANa kI racanA kii|'3 isa paricaya meM 'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA ke sAtha agrohA se hI isa jAti kI utpatti kI dhAraNA puSTa hotI hai, jo vAstavika hai| saM0 1411 (san 1354I0) se prAcIna 'agravAla' zabdollekha kI khoja karate hue isase pahale kA 'agravAla' zabda kA prAcIna ullekha bhI hastagata huaa| yaha ullekha eka jaina pratimA lekha meM milA, jo vi0 saM0 1234 (IsvI san 1177) kA hai| ukta pratimA lekha isa prakAra hai "saM0 1234 varSe mAsa kArtika sudI 1 guruvAsare bhaTTAraka AmnAya sA0 budhamala agravAla gargagotrI pratiSThANAm maMgalaM maMgalANaM vimala aSTasiddhi navanidhidAyaka biNbsthaapnN| guru aacaarjkaatr|" ___ yaha lekha mainapurI (kaTarA) ke digambara jaina mandira meM virAjamAna bhagavAn candraprabha kI mUrti para utkIrNa hai, jo saM0 1411 se 177 varSa pahale kA hai| abhI taka kI jAnakArI ke anusAra isI pratimA-lekha meM agravAloM ke gotroM meM se eka gotra 'garga' kA prAcInatama ullekha milA hai| uparyukta pratimA-lekha ke AdhAra para maiMne "agravAla zabda kI prAcInatA' zIrSaka lekha lakhanaU se prakAzita hone vAlI zodha-patrikA zodhAdarza- 22 (mArca 1994 IsvI) meM prakAzita karAyA thaa| (dekheM, ukta aMka, pRSTha 63) aba isase pUrva ke 'agravAla' zabdollekha kI khoja kI jAnI thii| maiM isa ora prayAsarata rahA aura harSa kI bAta hai ki mujhe isameM saphalatA hAtha lgii| yaha ullekha bhI eka jina pratimA para utkIrNa hai, jo koTA ke rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMrakSita hai| yaha lekha vi0saM0 1180 (IsvI san 1123 I0) kA hai aura dhArA ke paramAranareza naravarmadeva ke kAla kA hai| naravarmadeva kA zAsana kAla vi0saM0 1151-1190 (IsvI san 1094-1133) taka hai| lekha kA mUla pATha isa prakAra hai __ "zrI naravarmadeva rAjye saMvata 1180 ASAr3ha vadi 1 agravAlAnvaya sAdhu jinapAlasuta yamadeva: pu......|" ukta lekha meM 'agravAla' ke sAtha saMskRta zabda 'anvaya' kA ullekha hai|

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54 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 'anvaya' ke sAtha vAle aise zabdollekha aura bhI prApta hote haiN| isa rUpa meM zabda ko saMskRta rUpAyita karane kA prayAsa hai| yaha lekha saM0 1234 se 54 varSa pahale kA aura 'ayaravAla' zabda se bhI 9 varSa pUrva kA hai| isa prakAra abhI taka kI jAnakArI ke anusAra 'agravAla' zabda kI prAcInatA meM yaha navInatama pramANa hai| aba isase pUrva ke 'agravAla' zabdollekha kI khoja kI jAnI Avazyaka hai, jisase prAcInatA kI jAnakArI pramANa sahita adhikAdhika rUpa meM ho ske| ata: isake lie adhikAdhika pratimA-lekha saMgrahoM tathA prazasti-lekha saMgrahoM va anyAnya sAmagrI ko TaTolane kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase agravAla (ayaravAla rUpa meM bhI) zabda kI aura bhI prAcInatA sAmane A ske| AzA hai agravAla samAja isa ora dhyAna degaa| sandarbha : 1. jainagranthaprazasti-saMgraha, dvitIya bhAga, pR0 45-48 tathA prastAvanA, pR0 84-85 / 2. maMgala milana, varSa 8, aMka 12 (mArca 1981) pR0 10 para lekhaka kA "ayaravAla aura agravAla zabda kI ekarUpatA' zIrSaka lekh| 3. hindI anuzIlana, varSa 9, aMka 1-4, pR0 161 / yaha grantha aba digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIra jI se prakAzita ho cukA hai| 4. bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, saMpA0- pratimAlekhasaMgraha, (jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA vi0saM0 1994), pR0 12 va 29. 5. uparyukta jAnakArI ke lie maiM DaoN0 zivaprasAda jI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, ke prati anugRhIta hU~, jinhoMne merA nivedana svIkAra kara ukta tathyoM se avagata karAne kI kRpA kii| 6. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, vallabha bhAratI, jayapura 1975 I0, pR0 104.

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arbuda maNDala meM jainadharma DaoN0 sohanalAla pATanI tIrthAdhirAja AbU saMsAra ke darzanIya sthAnoM meM se eka hai| yaha tIrtha bhAratavarSa kA zRGgAra hai, siramaura hai| vizva kA koI bhI paryaTaka AbU ke kalA-vaibhava ko dekhe binA hindustAna ke bhramaNa ko adhUrA mAnatA hai| AbU hamArA prAgaitihAsika, paurANika evaM aitihAsika tIrthasthala hai| hinduoM kA AditIrtha, jainoM kA dharma saMskRti evaM kalA kA saGgama tathA anya dharmoM ke lie bhI yaha pAvanabhUmi hai| prAcIna yuga meM arbuda maNDala kA apanA eka rAjanaitika svarUpa thaa| isakI sImAe~ pUrva meM medapATa, pazcima meM bhInamAla, uttara meM maruvATaka evaM dakSiNa meM gujarAta se lagatI thii| candrAvatI isa parimaNDala kI rAjadhAnI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke arbuda maNDala meM vicaraNa ke sandarbha ___ Aja ke rAjasthAna pradeza ke itihAsa nirmANa meM arbuda maNDala kI jaina-saMskRti kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| yahA~ kI saMskRti evaM jaina mandiroM kI sthApatyakalA ne rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke itihAsa ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| sAhitya kI racanA yahA~ vipula parimANa meM huii| dharma dhurandhara AcAryoM kI janmasthalI evaM vicaraNa sthAnoM kA yaha pradeza rahA hai| 443 I0 pUrva kA eka prAcIna zilAlekha rAjasthAna ke ajamera jilAntargata baDalI' grAma meM milA hai| yaha lekha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 84 varSa ke bAda kA hai, isameM mahAvIra prabhu ke nirvANa kA ullekha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saitIsavAM cAturmAsa arbuda maNDala ke varamANa (varddhamAna) gAMva meM huA thaa| yaha gAMva revadara tahasIla meM sirohI-DIsA rAjamArga para sthita hai| yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prAcIna mandira evaM sAtavIM zatAbdI kA eka bhagna sUrya mandira hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se sambandhita jitane gAMva AbU kSetra meM milate haiM utane aura kahIM nhiiN| nANA, diyANA, nAMdiyA "jIvata svAmI vAMdiyA" arthAt nANA, diyANA evaM nAMdiyA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jIvanakAla kI sthApita mUrtiyA~ haiN| nANA pAlI-sirohI jile kA sImAnta gAMva hai| diyANA AbU kI taleTI meM vAsasthAnajI ke pAsa hai evaM nAMdiyA brAhmaNavADA ke pAsa hai| ye gAMva purAne AbU parvata ke mArga meM par3ate the| isake atirikta bhI piNDavADA tahasIla ke vIrolI #. nidezaka, ajita prAcya evaM samAja vidyA saMsthAna, zAntinagara, sirohI (rAjasthAna).

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56 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 (vIrakulikA), vIravADA (vIravATaka), uMdarA (upanaMda), nAMdiyA (nandIvarddhana), sAnIgAMva (SaNmAnI gA~va- AbUparvata), kanakhalAzrama (svarNakhalAzrama) Adi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla ke sandarbho ko vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra se sambandhita kAnoM meM kIleM Thokane kA upasarga bAmaNavADajI se sambandhita mAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ para karNakIlana upasarga mandira banA huA hai| eka janazruti yaha bhI hai ki indrabhUti gautama kA bhagavAn mahAvIra se prathama milana isa brAhmaNavATaka meM huA thaa| jahA~ ve yajJa meM lIna the| yahIM ve vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra kI tapasyA evaM tyAga se prabhAvita hue the| bAda meM campAnagarI (bihAra) meM unakA dIkSA samAroha Ayojita huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA arbudagiri kI yAtrA ke daurAna caNDakauzika nAga kA upasarga nAMdiyA meM huA jahA~ Aja bhI parvata para grenAiTa kI caTTAna para caNDakauzika nAga utkIrNa hai| pAsa meM bhagavAn kA pAMva khudA huA hai| AbU kA Aja kA pologrAuNDa rAjasva vibhAga ke abhilekhoM meM sAnIgAMva hai| yahIM para SaNmAnI gAMva meM prabhu ke pAMvoM para khIra pakAyI gayI thii| jaina-sAhitya meM yaha ullekha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chadmastha avasthA meM ajJAta pradeza meM vicaraNa kiyA thaa| vaizAlI ke rAjakumAra ko magadha deza meM to saba loga jAnate the para unheM apanI sAdhanA ke lie ajJAta pradeza meM vicaraNa karanA thaa| magadha se bahuta dUra yahI arbudAraNya usa jamAne kA AdivAsI bahula ilAkA thA! bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicaraNa-sambandhI puSTi ke do zilAlekha arbuda maNDala se prApta hue haiN| inameM arbuda maNDala ke sImAvartI bhInamAla (zrImAla) kA zilAlekha saM. 1333 (I. san 1276) kA bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai, jo bhInamAla kI uttara dizA meM AI huI gajanIkhAna kI kabra ke pAsa ke tAlAba ke samIpa sthita khaNDita jaina mandira kI bhIta se prApta huA thaa| lekha isa prakAra hai - yaH purAtra mahAsthAne zrImAle svymaagtH| sa devaH zrI mahAvIro deyA (dvaH) sukhsNpdN||1|| punarbhavabhavatrastAH saMto yaM zaraNaM gtaaH| tasya vIra jinendrasya pUjArthaM zAsanaM nvN||2|| thArApadramahAgacche puNye punnyaikshaalinaam| zrIpUrNacandrasUrINAM prasAdAllikhyate ythaa||3|| muni jinavijaya, saMpA0saMgrA0- prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 402 kA prArambhika aNsh| pUrva meM isa mahAsthAna zrImAla nagara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM padhAre the| ve mahAvIra Apako sukha sampatti deN| puna: saMsAra ke duHkhoM se trasta loga una prabhu kI zaraNa meNgye| unhIM vIra jinendra kI pUjA ke lie nayA mandira banAyA gyaa| thArApadragaccha ke

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arbuda maNDala meM jainadharma : 57 puNya se puNyazAlI pUrNacandra sUrijI kI kRpA se yaha lekha likhA gyaa| dUsarA ullekha vividhatIrthakalpa meM maMgathalA ke viSaya meM hai ki yaha mandira bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM nirmita ho gayA thaa| muMgathalA ke mandira ke stambhoM para se nau lekha prApta hue haiN| mUla gabhAre kI maMgalamUrti ke pAsa ke lekha se yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicaraNa kI puSTi hotI hai| pUrva chaumaththakAle arbudabhuvi yaminaH kurvataH savihAraM saptatriMze ca varSe vahati bhagavato janmata: kAritAstA: (saa)| zrI devAryasya yasyollasadutpalamayI pUrNarAjena rAjJA kezI su (zinA) pratiSThaH sa jayati hi jinastIrtha munnddsthlstu| saM (0) 1426 saMvat zrI vIra janma 37 zrI devA jAsU pU-na kaaritm| pUrva meM chadmasthakAlane meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI AbU kI bhUmi para vihAra karate the| unake janma ke 37veM varSa meM ullAsa bharI pASANa kI pratimA pUrNarAja nAma ke rAjA ke kAla meM banI thI evaM kezI gaNadhara ne usakI pratiSThA kI thii| muNDasthala tIrtha meM rahe jinezvara bhagavAn jayavanta hoN| saM0 1426 (I0sa0 1369) vIra janma se 37 varSa zrI devA jAsU ne bhrvaayii| isa hakIkata ke anusAra zrI mahendrasUrijI ne saMvat 1300 (I0sa0 1243) apanI aSTotarItIrthamAlA meM isa prakAra likhA hai abbuyagirivara mUle, muMDa sthale naMdIrUkkha ahbhaage| chaumattha kAli vIro acala sarIro Thiyo pddim||97|| to punnarAyanAmA, koi mahappA jiNassa bhattIe, kArai paDimaM vrise| sagatIse (37) vIra jmmaao||98|| kiMcUNA aTThArasa vAsa sayAe ya pvrtitthss| to mittha ghaNa samIraM, thuNomi muMDasthale viirN|| 99 / / arbuda parvata ke mUla meM sthita muMgathalA meM nandIvRkSa ke nIce chadmastha avasthA meM mahAvIra ne kAyotsarga avasthA meM tapa kiyaa| usa samaya pUrNarAya nAma ke kisI rAjA ne jina bhakti se prabhAvita hokara vIra janma ke 37veM varSa meM isa muNDasthala pravara tIrtha meM mahAvIra kI pratimA kI sthApanA kI, maiM usa muNDasthala ke vIra kI vandanA karatA huuN| bhInamAla evaM muMgathalA ke donoM zilAlekhoM kI bAta hI isa tIrthamAlA kA viSaya hai| isase isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa bhUmi para vicaraNa evaM cAturmAsa kiyaa|

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58 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM sthApita jIvaMta svAmI mandiroM ke viSaya meM saMvat 1497 (I0sa0 1440) meM jinaharSasUri ne vastupAlacaritra meM likhA hai ki jIvita svAmI kI mUrtiyA~ bhagavAn ke jIvanakAla meM nirmita mAnanA caahie| / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke rAjasthAna pradeza meM vicaraNa ke viSaya meM digambaroM evaM zvetAmbaroM meM alaga-alaga mAnyatAe~ haiM, parantu 13vIM evaM 14vIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekhoM, paTTAvaliyoM, tIrthamAlAoM evaM vAcika-paramparA ke sandarbho ke prakAza meM vidvAnoM ko isa viSaya meM khoja karanI caahie| _prasiddha jaina AcArya yazobhadrasUri (8vIM zatAbdI) kA janma bAmaNavADajI ke pAsa vartamAna palAI gAMva meM haA thaa| prasiddha AcArya lakSmIsAgarasUri kA janma vartamAna revadara tahasIla ke dhavalI gAMva meM huA thaa| aMcalagaccha ke saMsthApaka ArakSitasUri kA janma vartamAna revadara tahasIla ke daMtANI gAMva meM huA thaa| jainoM ke kaI gacchoM kA nAmakaraNa sirohI jile ke gAMvoM se mAnA jAtA hai| maNDAra se maDAhaDagaccha, jIrAvalA se jIrApallIgaccha, kAcholI se kaccholIvAlagaccha, pAsa ke nANA gAMva se nANakIyagaccha evaM brAhmaNavADa se brahmANagaccha kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| isa gacchoM meM jIrAvalAgaccha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| vizva ke kisI bhI sthAna para jaba kisI jaina mandira kI pratiSThA hotI hai to "OM hrIM zrI jIrAvalA pArzvanAthAya namaH" ke mantroccAra ke sAtha pratimA kI sthApanA hotI hai| candrAvatI, AbU, kAcholI, kAsindrA, sirohI evaM sAnavAr3A meM kaI granthoM kI racanA huI evaM nakaleM taiyAra huiiN| sirohI meM citrita svarNAkSarI kalpasUtra prasiddha hai| prasiddha jainAcArya hemacandra ne zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA ajArI sthita bhagavatI sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA ke bAda kI thii| akabara pratibodhaka hIravijayasUri ko AcArya padavI sirohI nagara meM dI gayI thI aura zrAvakoM meM svarNa muharoM kI prabhAvanA kI gayI thii| saMvat 1517 ke Asa-pAsa racita upadezataraMgiNI meM ratnamandiragaNi ne AbU parikramA ke gAMvoM ke viSaya meM eka mahattvapUrNa sUcanA dI hai| gujarAta ke eka rAjyAdhikArI aura candrAvatI ke zAsaka vimalazAha ne AbU ke AdIzvara bhagavAn kI nitya snAtra pUjA aura vidhi-vidhAna ke lie AbU parikramA ke 360 gAMvoM meM jainoM ko basAyA thA aura unheM saba prakAra ke karoM se mAphI dekara dhanavAna banA diyA thaa| yahI jaina loga krama se AbU ke mandiroM kI vyavasthA karate the| sthAnakavAsI-paramparA sthAnakavAsI-paramparA kA prArambha sirohI jile ke araThavADA gAMva meM janme lokAzAha ne kiyaa| unhoMne ahamadAbAda meM 1451 I0 meM loMkAgaccha kI sthApanA

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arbuda maNDala meM jainadharma : 59 kI, jo bAda meM sthAnakavAsI-paramparA ke nAma se prasiddha huii| isakI puSTi meM eka prAcIna dohA milA hai lokAzAhI janamiyA sirohI dhrnnaa| saMtA zUrAM baraNiyA bhausAgara trnnaa|| lokAgaccha kA prathama upAzraya sirohI meM sthApita huaa| isa kSetra ke zAsakoM meM jainoM ke prati bahuta sadbhAva rahA hai isalie pUre ilAke meM rAvaloM ke pAsa hI jaina mandira bane hue haiM aura ina zAsakoM ne mandiroM ke prati apanI AsthA prakaTa karane ke lie grAma, bhUmi, araTa athavA upaja kA bhAga unheM arpita kiyA thaa| aise dAnapatra athavA zilAlekha Aja bhI itihAsa kI dharohara haiN| jaina mandiroM ko dAna kA sabase purAnA upalabdha zilAlekha jhADolI kI bAvar3I kA hai, jo isa prakAra hai saMvat 1242 varSa phAlguna vadi 1 mahArAna zrI kelhaNadevarAjye maNDalika zrI dhArAvarSa paTTarANI zRGgAra devI datta: rAjala luuNddhaarpit| saMvat 1287 ke AbU ke lUNavasahI mandira ke zilAlekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki candrAvatI ke paramAra rAjA somadeva aura usake putra kAnhar3adeva ne luNavasahI mandira ke nibhAva ke lie DabANI' gA~va sadA ke lie arpaNa kiyA thaa| saMvat 1345 ke daMtANI gAMva ke zilAlekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki gAMva ke ThAkura pratApasiMha aura hemadeva ne yahA~ ke mandira ke lie do khetoM kA dAna diyA thaa| isI taraha mahIpAla ke putra suhaDasiMha ne tIrthaGkaradeva kI yAtrA karake cAra sau dravya kI bheMTa kI thii| saMvat 1391 ke diyANA gAMva ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ ke ThAkura tejasiMha ne diyANA mandira ko eka bAvaDI bheMTa kI thii| aise kaI udAharaNa arbudAcala pradakSiNA ke jaina lekhoM se jJAta hote haiN| sirohI ke mahArAva sahasamala ne san 1425 meM sirohI kI sthApanA kI thI, kyoMki arbuda maNDala kI rAjadhAnI candrAvatI mugala AkramaNoM se dhvasta ho gayI thii| sirohI kI sthApanA se pUrva unhoMne kumArAvasthA meM mahArAva zobhAjI ke zAsanakAla meM san 1418 meM thUbha kI vAr3I bhagavAna AdinAtha kI sevA-pUjA ke lie arpita kI thI evaM usake pazcAt sirohI durga kA nirmANa kraayaa| zilAlekha kI paMktiyA~ isa prakAra haiM___mahArAjAdhirAja devaDA zobhAkena, rAjazrI sahasamalasahitena sirohI sthAne deva zrI adinAtha pUjArtha arghttttprdtt:paalniiy| bahubhirvasudhA bhuktA yasya yasya yadA bhUmiH tasya syAt ttphlm|

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60 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 bhAratavarSa meM sirohI kI jaina mandira galI bahuta hI vikhyAta hai jahA~ eka sAtha 14 mandiroM kI paMkti hai| isa galI kI vizeSatA hai ki mandiroM kA upadeza dene vAle bhaTTAraka guruoM kI pauzAla (pAThazAlA) bhI isI galI meM hai| mandira banAne vAle seTha, zilpI somapure, pujArI rAvala isI galI meM rahate haiN| pAsa hI ina mandiroM kI rakSA karane vAlA sirohI durga hai evaM rakSaNa ke lie talavAra banAne vAle luhAra aura ina talavAroM para myAna car3hAne vAle jInagara bhI pAsa meM hI base hue haiN| ___ madhyakAla aura AjAdI ke pUrva jaina zreSThI zAsaka varga ke mantrI pada kA kArya karate the| inameM mehAjalajI, saMghavI sIpAjI akabarakAlIna bhAratavarSa ke jaina mantriyoM meM vizeSa sthAna rakhate the| inhoMne sirohI kA sabase U~cA caumukhA mandira banavAyA thaa| sandarbha 1. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, saMpA0- rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura 1977 IsvI, pR0 23. 2. kaivalya prApti se pUrva 3. DaoN0 sohanalAla pATanI, hastikuNDI kA itihAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1983, pR0 26. 4. ajitaprAcya evaM samAjavidyA saMsthAna ke saMgraha se| munijayantavijaya, saMpA0- arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasandoha, lekhAMka 151, pR0 103.

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itihAsa kI gauravapUrNa virAsata : kA~gar3A ke jaina mandira mahendrakumAra masta mahAbhAratakAla se vartamAna taka, itihAsa ke vaibhava va garimA ke pratIka tIrthakA~gar3A ke jaina mandira va bhagnAvazeSa usa gauravapUrNa virAsata kI yAdagAra haiM jina para pratyeka vyakti nAz2a kara sakatA hai| piMjaura, nAdauna, nUrapura, koThIpura, pAlamapura aura DholabAhA se mile jaina cihna, tIrthaGkara pratimAeM tathA mandiroM ke avazeSoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki yaha kSetra apane atIta se vikrama kI 17vIM sadI taka jaina AcAryoM, muniyoM va zrAvakoM ke kriyA-kalApoM kA kendra rahA hai| saprasiddha itihAsavettA padmazrI jinavijayajI ne kA~gar3A ko aSTApada (kailAza) kI talahaTI mAnA hai| (vartamAna kinnaura jile ko vahA~ ke loga aba taka 'kinnara kailAza' hI kahate haiN)| himAcala kI devabhUmi ke naisargika saundarya kI suramya ghATI meM, kA~gar3A tIrtha apanI samRddha aitihAsika va sAMskRtika garimA aura dhArmika mahattA ke kAraNa barabasa hI jana-jana ke AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| yahA~ ke prAcIna va kalAtmaka mandira apane ApameM hajAroM varSoM ke itihAsa ko sameTe hue haiN| bhAratIya purAtatva ke pitAmaha sara alekjenDara kaniMghama ne 1872 I0 meM kA~gar3A kA nirIkSaNa karake jo riporTa dI usake anusAra "kA~gar3A kile meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA eka mandira hai, jisameM Adi tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva kI bhavya mUrti virAjamAna hai|" apane adhakhule dhyAnastha netroM, kandhoM taka girate keza tathA zAnta mukhamudrA vAlI bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI yaha vizAla pratimA, kA~gar3A kile kI bulandI se mAnava sabhyatA ke utthAna aura vikAsa kA sadiyoM se nirantara AhvAna detI rahI haiN| kile ke andara yatra-tatra bikhare hue vizAla jaina mandiroM ke khaNDa, dehariyAM, kamare, paTTa, stambha va toraNoM kI zilAe~ I0san 1904 ke vinAzakArI bhUkampa kI kahAnI kI yAda bane hue haiN| kucha bacI huI dIvAroM para pattharoM meM utkIrNa jina-pratimAe~ Aja bhI dekhI jA sakatI haiN| purAnA kA~gar3A ke kucha tAlAboM va gharoM para bhI mUrtiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| san 1915 meM bIkAnera va pATaNa ke hastalikhita purAtana grantha bhaNDAra kA *. 263, sekTara 10, paMcakUlA-134109 hriyaannaa|

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62 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 nirIkSaNa karate hue muni jinavijayajI ko vikramI saMvat 1484 meM racita vijJapti triveNI nAma kA laghu grantha milaa| usameM prApta varNana ke anusAra saMvat 1484 meM kharataragacchIya AcArya jinarAjasUri ke ziSya upAdhyAya muni jayasAgara kI nizrA meM sindha (pAkistAna) ke pharIdapura nAmaka sthAna se eka yAtrI saMgha nagarakoTa kA~gar3A kI yAtrA karane AyA hai| rAste ke sthAnoM meM nizciMdIpura, jAlandhara, vipAzA (vyAsa) nadI, hariyANA (hoziyArapura ke pAsa eka kasbA) va kA~gar3A nagara ke bhagavAn zAntinAtha va mahAvIra svAmI ke mandira, kile ke mandiroM ke vRtAnta aura darzanapUjana kA ullekha haiN| kA~gar3A ke rAja parivAroM ke pUrvaja va vaMzajoM kA bhI isameM ullekha hai| yAtrI saMgha 11 dina kA~gar3A meM rukaa| bhagavAn AdinAtha va mAtA ambikA kI pUjA ke bAda vApasI para gopAcalapura (gulera), nandavanapura (nAdauna), koTilagrAma aura koThIpura se hokara saMgha pharIdapura phuNcaa| prAcIna pramANoM ke AdhAra para kA~gar3A nagara meM vikrama saM0 1309 meM nirmita tIna va kile meM do jaina mandira the| naz2adIkI AMcalika grAmoM meM gopAcalapura (gulera), nandavanapura (nAdauna) koTilapura grAma va devapAlapura pattana (DholabAhA) meM bhavya mandiroM ke ullekha va pramANa milate haiN| DholabAhA kI khudAI meM to abhI 40-45 varSa pahale hI anekoM jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| . anya yAtrI saMgha vikrama saMvat 1488 meM eka yAtrIsaMgha kA~gar3A tIrtha kI yAtrA ko aayaa| saMvat 1565 meM eka yAtrI saMgha marukoTa (rAjasthAna) se bhaTanera (hanumAnagar3ha), jalaMdhara, nakodara hotA huA kA~gar3A kI yAtrA ko gyaa| vRtAnta meM zivAlika parvatamAlA ko sapAdalakSagiri kahA gayA hai| vikrama saMvat 1497 meM bhaTanera se kA~gar3A gaye yAtrI saMgha meM sirasA, vIhaNahaMDaI (bhaTiNDA), talavaNDI, lodrahANaya (ludhiyAnA), lAhar3akoTa, nandavaNi (nAdauna) aura koThIpura ke zrAvaka zAmila hue| saMvat 1580 meM eka yAtrI saMgha mahama (hariyANA) se calakara, hisArakoTa (hisAra), samiyANA (samAnA), sIMhanada (sarahiMda) aura koThIpura hotA huA kA~gar3A kI yAtrA ko gyaa| vartamAna meM naye sire se isa tIrtha kA paricaya karAne kA zreya jaina AcAryazrI vijayavallabhasUri jI va sAdhvI mahattarA mRgAvatI zrIjI ko hai| AcAryazrI IsvI san 1939 meM hoziyArapura se paidala yAtrI saMgha lekara kA~gar3A padhAre va mahattarA sAdhvI jI ne I0 san 1978 meM lagAtAra ATha mahIne kA~gar3A meM rahate hae apane athaka prayAsoM se kile meM virAjita bhagavAn AdinAtha kI sevA, pUjA kA adhikAra jaina samAja ko dilaayaa| inhIM sAdhvI jI kI preraNA se kile ke pAsa hI dharmazAlA ke prAMgaNa meM kalAtmaka, vizAla va nayA jaina mandira nirmita huaa| yahA~ holI ke tIna dinoM meM hara varSa sAmUhika yAtrA va mele Ayojita hote haiN|

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ayodhyA se prApta abhilekha meM ullikhita nayacandra rambhAmaJjarI ke kartA nahIM zivaprasAda tathAkathita rAmajanmabhUmi/bAbarImasjida ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM aitihAsika mahattva kI aneka sAmagriyAM prApta huI haiN| inameM 5 phuTa lambA aura 2.25 phuTa caur3A eka pASANa phalaka bhI hai jisa para saMskRta-bhASA aura 12vIM zatI kI nAgarI lipi meM eka lekha utkIrNa hai| vartamAna meM yaha abhilekha ayodhyA saMgrahAlaya meM kar3I surakSA ke bIca sIlabanda avasthA meM rakhA gayA hai| san 1996 I0 meM mAnanIya uccanyAyAlaya kI vizeSa anumati para tIna sadasyIya itihAsakAroM ke eka dala ko isa abhilekha ko dekhane kA avasara prApta huA aura unhoMne apane-apane DhaMga se isakI vAcanA kii| itihAsakAra aura purAlipijJAtA DaoN0 ThAkuraprasAda varmA ne isa abhilekha kA vizad adhyayana kiyA hai| unake anusAra ukta abhilekha se aneka rocaka sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| abhilekha ke anusAra yaha gahar3avAloM ke sAmanta nayacandra, jo AlhaNa kA putra thA, se sambandhita hai| nayacandra kA anuja AyuScandra isa lekha kA racanAkAra kahA gayA hai| DaoN0 varmA ne isa nayacandra ko rambhAmaJjarI ke kartA nayacandrasari se abhinna hone kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai| unhoMne govindacandra ke vi0saM0 1182/I0sa0 1125 ke kamaulI tAmrapatra kA bhI isa sambandha meM ullekha kiyA hai| isa tAmrapatra para utkIrNa lekha ke 15veM paMkti meM AlhaNa ke putra kIThaNa ko lekha kA racayitA kahA gayA hai| cUMki ayodhyA (janmabhUmi) se prApta abhilekha meM ullikhita nayacandra aura AyuScandra ke pitA kA bhI nAma AlhaNa thA aura kamaulI dAnapatra ke racayitA kA bhI yahI nAma Upara hama dekha cuke haiM, isa AdhAra para unhoMne yaha anumAna vyakta kiyA hai ki kelhaNa ke tIna putra the aura sabhI sAhityika ruci rakhane vAle the| cUMki kamaulI tAmrapatra kI 13vIM paMkti meM govindacandra kA nAma binA kisI rAjakIya upAdhi ke milatA hai isase unhoMne yaha vicAra vyakta kiyA hai ki ayodhyA abhilekha govindacandra kI kumArAvasthA kA hai aura ise vi0saM0 1182 ke pUrva kA mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| *. pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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64 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 prastuta Alekha kA uddezyamAtra yahI spaSTa karanA hai ki tathAkathita janmabhUmi sthala se prApta zilAlekha meM ullikhita nayacandra aura rambhAmaJjarI nATikA ke racanAkAra nayacandrasUri donoM alaga-alaga vyakti haiN| rambhAmaJjarI ke kartA ke sambandha meM nimna bAteM ullekhanIya haiM nayacandrasUri eka jaina AcArya the aura ye nirgrantha darzana ke zvetAmbara AmnAya ke kRSNarSigaccha se sambaddha rhe| inake guru kA nAma prasannacandrasUri aura praguru kA nAma jayasiMhasUri thA jinhoMne vi0saM0 1422/I0 sa0 1366 meM kumArapAlacarita kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki nayacandrasUri ne isakI prathamAdarzaprati taiyAra kI thii| nayacandrasUri dvArA racita hammIramahAkAvya nAmaka eka kRti bhI prApta hotI hai| rambhAmaJjarI kA racanAkAla vi0saM0 1444/I0 san 1387 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki ayodhyA (tathAkathita janmabhUmi) se prApta abhilekha meM ullikhita nayacandra aura rambhAmaJjarI ke racanAkAra nayacandrasUri donoM bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| donoM ke madhya lagabhaga 250 varSoM kA dIrgha antarAla hai| eka sarvasuvidhA sampanna sAmanta hai to dUsarA pUrNa aparigrahI eka jaina aacaary| sandarbha 1. T.P. Verma, "Studies in Epigraphy", SamskritiSandhan, Vol. VIII 1995, p. 114 2-4. Ibid, pp. 114-115. 5. zivaprasAda, 'kRSNarSigaccha kA itihAsa', nimrantha, jilda 1, ahamadAbAda 1996 IsvI, hindI khaNDa, pR0 24-35. 6-7. H.R. Kapadia, Descriptive Catalogue of Govt. Collection of Mss. deposited at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. XIX, Section II, Part I, B.O.R.I., Pune 1967, pp. 176-178. 8. hammIramahAkAvya, sampA0 muni jinavijaya, rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlA, granthAMka 65, jodhapura 1968 I0. H.D. Velankar, Jinaratnakosha, B.O.R.I., Government Oriental Series, Class,C.No. 4, Poona 1944 A.D., p. 329.

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa zivaprasAda nimrantha-paramparA ke zvetAmbara-sampradAya meM candrakula se udbhUta pravartamAna gacchoM meM kharataragaccha kA viziSTa sthAna hai| prAya: sabhI mukhya gacchoM se samaya-samaya para vibhinna zAkhAoM-prazAkhAoM ke rUpa meM aneka gacchoM-upagacchoM kA udbhava huaa| kharataragaccha bhI isameM apavAda nahIM hai| isa gaccha se bhI kaI zAkhAe~ astittva meM AyIM, inameM rudrapallIyazAkhA, kharataragaccha-laghu zAkhA, pippalakazAkhA, AdyapakSIyazAkhA Adi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| sAmprata nibandha meM rudrapallIyazAkhA ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki isake abhidhAna se spaSTa hotA hai, rudrapallI nAmaka sthAna se yaha gaccha astitva meM AyA hogaa| rudrapallI ko uttara pradeza meM phaijAbAda ke nikaTa sthita vartamAna rudaulI nAmaka sthAna se samIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sva0 bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA evaM maho0 vinayasAgara jI kA bhI yahI mata hai| candrakula ke AcArya abhayadevasUri (navAGgIvRttikAra) ke praziSya aura jinavallabhasUri ke ziSya jinazekharasUri kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| kharataragacchapaTTAvalI ke anusAra AcArya jinavallabhasari ne muni jinazekhara ko upAdhyAya pada para pratiSThita kara unheM kucha munijanoM ke sAtha rudrapallI bhejaa| isa prakAra kharataragaccha kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM isa gaccha ke astitva meM Ane kI nIMva par3a gayI aura bAda meM svatantra gaccha ke rUpa meM vaha bhalI-bhA~ti astitva meM A gyaa| rudrapallIyazAkhA meM jinazekharasUri, abhayadevasUri (dvitIya), devabhadrasUri, zrItilakasUri, zrIcandrasUri, vimalacandrasUri, guNabhadrasUri, saMghatilakasUri, somatilaka (aparanAma vidyAtilakasUri), devendrasUri, guNAkarasUri, abhayadevasUri (tRtIya), pRthvIcandrasUri, vardhamAnasUri Adi kaI prasiddha granthakAra aura vidvAn munijana hue haiN| kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA ke itihAsa ke Akalana ke lie sambaddha munijanoM kI kRtiyoM kI prazastiyAM tathA pratimAlekha Adi upalabdha hue haiM jo 13vIM zatI ke prArambha se lekara 17vIM zatI ke prAya: madhya taka mila pAye haiN| isa zAkhA kI svatantra rUpa se koI paTTAvalI nahIM milatI, kintu cUMki yaha kharataragaccha se hI udbhUta *. pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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66 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 huA thA, ata: kharataragaccha kI paTTAvalI meM svAbhAvika rUpa se isakI utpatti kI carcA milatI hai jisake anusAra vi0saM0 1204/IsvI san 1148 meM jinazekharasUri se kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie sarvaprathama sAhityika sAkSyoM tatpazcAt abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta hai| 1. jayantavijayakAvya' - yaha rudrapallIyagaccha ke AcArya abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) dvArA vi.saM. 1278/IsvI san 1222 meM racI gayI kRti hai| isakI prazasti meM svagaccha kA ullekha kiye binA granthakAra ne apanI lambI guru-paramparA tathA racanAkAla Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI prazastigata gurNAvalI isa prakAra hai vardhamAnasUri jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) navAGgIvRttikAra jinavallabhasUri jinazekharasUri padmacandrasUri vijayacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) vi.saM. 1278/I.san 1222 meM jayantavijayakAvya ke racanAkAra 2. gautamapRcchAvRtti-- chaha hajAra gAthAoM meM racita yaha kRti abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) ke paTTadhara devabhadrasUri ke ziSya zrItilakasUri kI racanA hai| isakI prazasti meM granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA tathA apanI ziSya santati Adi kA bhI vivaraNa diyA hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai---- jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) navAGgIvRttikAra ...

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zrIcandrasUri prabhAnandasUri cArucandra T vimalacandrasUri I guNazekharasUri kharataragaccha - rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : jinavallabhasUri 1 jinazekharasUri saMghatilakasUri I somatilaka 1 padmacandrasUri 1 vijayacandrasUri jinabhadra guNazekhara ( inheM zrItilakasUri ne upAdhyAyapada tathA zrIcandrasUri ne AcArya pada para pratiSThita kiyA) 1 abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) 1 devabhadrasUri vimalacandrasUri 3. SaTdarzanasamuccayaTIkA - rudrapallIyazAkhA ke saMghatilakasUri ke ziSya somatilaka aparanAma vidyAtilakasUri ne vi0 saM0 1392 / I0 san 1336 meM ukta kRti kI racanA kii| isakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI gurvAvalI tathA kRtikAla Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai : zrIcandrasUri zrItilakasUri ( gautamapRcchAvRtti ke racanAkAra) 67 aparanAma vidyAtilakasUri (vi.saM. 1392 / I0 san 1336 meM SaTdarzanasamuccayaTIkA ke racanAkAra)

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68 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 inake dvArA racita vIrakalpa, kumArapAlacarita, zIlataraMgiNIvRtti, laghustavaTIkA, kanyAnayanamahAvIrapratimAkalpa (kalpapradIpa aparanAma vividhatIrthakalpa ke antargata) Adi kRtiyAM milatI haiM jinake bAre meM yathAsthAna ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 4. samyakatvasaptatikATIkA'- prAkRta-bhASA meM racI gayI yaha kRti rudrapallIyazAkhA ke AcArya guNazekharasUri ke ziSya saMghatilakasari kI kRti hai| isakI prazasti meM TIkAkAra ne apanI guru-paramparA tathA prastuta kRti ke racanAkAla Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : vardhamAnasUri - jinezvarasUri - abhayadevasUri (prathama) - jinavallabhasUri - jinazekharasUri - padmacandrasUri - vijayacandrasUri - abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) - devabhadrasUri - prabhAnandasUri - zrIcandrasUri - guNazekharasUri - saMghatilakasUri (vi.saM. 1422/I.san 1366 meM samyakatvasaptatikATIkA ke racanAkAra) 5. bhaktAmarastotravRtti - yaha vRtti AcArya guNacandra ke ziSya guNAkarasUri dvArA racI gayI hai| isakI prazasti meM granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : zrIcandrasUri vimalacandrasUri jinabhadrasUri guNazekharasUri zrItilakasUri guNacandrasUri ajitadevasUri guNAkarasUri (vi.saM. 1426/I, san 1370 meM bhaktAmarastotravRtti ke racanAkAra) 6. mAtRkAprathamAkSaradohA - yaha abhayadevasUri ke ziSya pRthvIcandrasUri kI kRti hai, jo vi.saM. 1426 ke Asa-pAsa racI mAnI jAtI hai| isakI prazasti meM

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 69 racanAkAra ne apanI lambI guru-paramparA kA ullekha na karate hue kevala apane guru tathA gaccha Adi kA hI varNana kiyA hai - abhayadevasUri pRthvIcandrasUri (vi.saM. 1426/I. san 1370 ke Asa-pAsa mAtRkAprathamAkSara dohA ke racanAkAra) 7. praznottararatnamAlAvRtti - yaha saMghatilakasUri ke ziSya devendrasUri kI kRti hai, jo vi.saM. 1429 meM racI gayI hai| devendrasUri ne bhI prazasti meM mAtra apane gaccha aura guru kA hI nAma diyA hai : saMghatilakasUri devendrasUri (vi.saM. 1429 meM praznottararatnamAlAvRtti ke racanAkAra) dAnopadezamAlATIkA (vi.saM. 1418) bhI inhIM kI kRti hai| (pITarsana, bhAga 4, kramAMka 581); jinaralakoza, pR. 174. 8. AcAradinakara - yaha rudrapallIyazAkhA ke abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri kI kRti hai, jo vi.saM. 1468/I.san 1412 meM racI gayI hai| isa grantha meM jinapratimA-sambandhI zAstrIya lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI zlokoM kI lambI prazasti meM granthakAra ne apanI guru-paramparA, grantha ke racanAkAla Adi kA vistAra se ullekha kiyA hai| prazastigata gurvAvalI nimnAnusAra hai : vardhamAnasUri (prathama) jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) jinavallabhasUri jinazekharasUri padmacandrasUri vijayacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya)

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70 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 devabhadrasUri bhadraMkarasUri prabhAnandasUri zrIcandrasUri jinabhadrasUri guNacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) jayAnandasUri vardhamAnasUri (dvitIya) (vi.saM. 1468/I.san 1412 meM AcAradinakara ke racanAkAra) 9. zIlavatIkathA - yaha sambaddha gaccha ke AnandasUri ke ziSya AjJAsundarasUri dvArA racI gayI hai isakA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1562/I.san 1506 batalAyA gayA hai| isakI eka prati jaisalamera ke tapAgacchIya grantha bhaNDAra meM saMrakSita hai| cUMki isa bhaNDAra ke hastalikhita granthoM kI prazastiyA~ abhI prakAzita nahIM ho sakI haiM, ataH hama granthakAra ke gaccha aura guru ke nAma tathA racanAkAla Adi ke atirikta koI vizeSa bAta jJAta nahIM kara pAte haiN| AnandasundarasUri AjJAsundarasUri muniyoM ke sundarAnta nAmoM kA prayoga sarvaprathama tapAgaccha meM prArambha huA, bAda meM kharataragaccha meM bhI isakA prayoga hone lagA jaise somasundara, bhuvanasundara, Anandasundara aadi| ukta sAhityika sAkSyoM dvArA jJAta choTI-bar3I gurvAvaliyoM ke paraspara samAyojana se isa gaccha ke munijanoM ke guru-ziSya-paramparA kI eka vistRta tAlikA nirmita hotI hai jo isa prakAra hai : draSTavya- tAlikA saMkhyA-1

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prazastigata gurvAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA ke munijanoM ke guru-ziSya paramparA kI tAlikA-1 vardhamAnasUri (prathama) caulukyanareza durlabharAja kI sabhA meM vAdavijetA jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) navAGgIvRttikAra jinavallabhasUri jinazekharasUri (rudrapallIyazAkhA ke AdipuruSa) padmacandrasUri vijayacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) vi.saM. 1278/I. san 1222 meM jayantavijayakAvya / ke racanAkAra devabhadrasUri kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 71 prabhAnandasUri (vi.saM. 1311) pratimAlekha zrItilakasUri (gautamapRcchAvRtti ke racanAkAra, cArucandra, jinabhadra aura guNazekhara ko upAdhyAya pada dene vAle)

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zrIcandrasUri vimalacandrasUri (cArucandra, jinabhadra aura guNazekhara ke / AcAryapada pradAna karane vAle) 72 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 cArucandra jinabhadrasUri guNazekharasUri zrItilakasUri guNacandrasUri saMghatilakasUri (vi.saM. 1422 meM samyaabhayadevasUri (tRtIya) katvasaptatikA ke kartA) guNacandrasUri somatilakasUri aparanAma devendrasUri vidyAtilaka (vi.saM. 1429 meM praznottara(SaTdarzanasamuccaya tathA ratnamAlAvRtti ke racanAkAra) anya granthoM ke racanAkAra) jayAnandasUri pRthvIcandrasUri (vi.saM. 1426 ke AsapAsa mAtRkAkSaracaupAI ke racanAkAra) vardhamAnasUri (dvitIya) (vi.saM. 1468 meM AcAradinakara ke kartA) ajitadevasUri guNAkarasUri (vi.saM. 1426 meM bhaktAmarastotravRtti ke racanAkAra)

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sandarbhagrantha kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA se sambaddha vibhinna abhilekhIya sAkSya mile haiM, inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra haikramAMka pratiSThAvarSa tithi, vAra pratiSThApaka muni pratimAlekha/ pratiSThAsthAna kA nAma parikaralekha 1. 1260 jyeSTha sudi 2 abhayadevasUri mahAvIra kI jalamandira, pAvApurI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha 1302 mArgazIrSa vadi 9 abhayadevasUri ke AdinAtha kI vimalavasahI, AbU zanivAra paTTadhara devabhadrasUri pratimA para utkIrNa lekha 3. 1302 ,, naminAtha kI pratimA kA lekha ___ phAlguna sudi 12 prabhAnandasUri zukravAra 5. 1327 zrIcandrasUri cintAmaNi jinAlaya, bIkAnera pUranacanda nAhara, sampA. jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga-2, lekhAMka 2029 muni jinavijaya - sampA. prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 210 vahI, lekhAMka 209 kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 1311 B. Bhattacharya, "The bhalesymbleofthejains"'' agaracanda nAhaTA- sampA. bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 169 73

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6. 1386 pauSa vadi 5 budhavAra jinabhadrasUri 1421 mAgha vadi 6 jinahaMsasUri ke paTTadhara jinarAjasUri guNacandrasUri munivizAlavijaya- sampA. kuMbhAriyAtIrtha, lekhAMka 50 nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1052 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1274 vijayadharmasUri-sampA. prAcInalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 81 1421 74 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 9. 1432 phAlguna sudi 2 zukravAra abhayadevasUri AdinAtha kI neminAtha jinAlaya, pratimA kA lekha kuMbhAriyA zAntinAtha kI zAntinAtha jinAlaya, pratimA kA lekha udayapura kunthunAtha kI mahAvIra svAmI kA pratimA kA lekha maMdira, bIkAnera zAntinAtha kI AdinAtha jinAlaya, dhAtuko pratimA pUnA kA lekha pArzvanAtha kI jaina mandira, celapurI, dhAtu kI pratimA dillI kA lekha candraprabha kI zAMtinAtha jinAlaya, dhAtu kI pratimA hanumAnagar3ha kA lekha AdinAtha kI cintAmaNijI kA dhAtupratimA mandira, bIkAnera kA lekha 1454 devasundarasUri nAhara, pUrvokta- bhAga 2, lekhAMka 461 11. 1478 harSasundarasUri vaizAkha sudi 3 zukravAra nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka 2535 12. 1480 vaizAkha sudi 3 , vahI, lekhAMka 697

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13. 1487 vahI, lekhAMka 1835 14. 1494 vahI, lekhAMka 776 1494 vahI, lekhAMka 779 mArgazIrSa sudi 5 harSasundarasUri ke zreyAMsanAtha kI somavAra - ziSya devasundarasUri dhAtu kI pratimA kA lekha jyeSTha sudi 10 jinahaMsasUri neminAtha kI cintAmaNijI kA maMgalavAra pratimA kA lekha mandira, bIkAnera mAgha sudi 11 jayahaMsasUri AdinAtha kI vahI guruvAra pratimA kA lekha mAgha sudi 5 devasundarasUri ke anantanAtha kI vahI zukravAra ziSya somasundarasUri pratimA kA lekha mAgha vadi 6 jinarAjasUri sumatinAtha kI vahI budhavAra pratimA kA lekha devasundarasUri ke AdinAtha kI jaina mandira, alavara ziSya somasundarasUri pratimA kA lekha 16. 1497 vahI, lekhAMka 797 17. 1501 vahI, lekhAMka 851 18. 1501 nAhara, pUrvokta- bhAga 1, lekhAMka 990 kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 75 19. 1506 jyeSTha sudi 4 jinahaMsasUri ke paTTadhara jinarAjasUri AdinAtha jinAlaya, bhaiMsaroDagar3ha vinayasAgara- sampA. pratiSThA lekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 401

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20. 1506 nAha 21. 1507 1508 76 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 23. 1509 mAgha sudi 10 devasundarasUri ke zAntinAtha kI nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka ziSya labdhisundarasUri pratimA kA lekha 1607 vaizAkha sudi 12 devasundarasUri ke AdinAtha kI cintAmaNijI kA vahI, lekhAMka 914 zukravAra ziSya somasundarasUri pratimA kA lekha mandira, bIkAnera mArgazIrSa vadi 2 ,, suvidhinAtha kI vahI vahI, lekhAMka 927 budhavAra pratimA kA lekha vaizAkha sudi 5 somasundarasUri AdinAtha kI pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta-lekhAMka somavAra pratimA kA lekha bUMdI 438 caitra vadi 8 haribhadrasUri kuMthunAtha kI vIra jinAlaya, sAMgAnera vahI, lekhAMka 454 budhavAra pratimA kA lekha vahI vahI, lekhAMka 455 padmaprabha kI bar3A mandira, nAgaura vahI, lekhAMka 456 pratimA kA lekha mAgha sudi 2 devasundarasUri ke naminAtha kI zAntinAtha jinAlaya, vijayadharmasUri, pUrvokta- lekhAMka paTTadhara somasundarasUri dhAtu kI pratimA navApurA, sUrata 264 kA lekha 24. 1510 25. 26. 1510 1510 27. 1511

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28. 1512 ASAr3ha sudi 7 ravivAra mAgha sudi 7 budhavAra 29. 1513 30. 1516 kArtika vadi 2 ravivAra mAgha vadi 5 1517 570 devasundarasUri ke AdinAtha kI nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka ziSya somasundarasUri pratimA kA lekha 2245 " vimalanAtha kI causaThiyAjI kA mandira, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta- lekhAMka pratimA kA lekha nAgaura 520 evaM nAhara, pUrvokta bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1315 , AdinAtha kI mahAvIra jinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta,bhAga 1, lekhAMka pratimA kA lekha mANekatallA, kalakattA 122 , zreyAMsanAtha kI bar3A mandira, nAgaura vinayasAgara, pUrvokta- lekhAMka pratimA kA lekha , candraprabha kI cintAmaNi jI kA nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka pratimA kA lekha mandira, bIkAnera 1004 . devasundarasUri vAsupUjya kI sumatinAtha jinAlaya, buddhisAgarasUri - sampA. jaina pratimA kA lekha sInora . dhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 366 devasundarasUri ke kuMthunAtha kI zItalanAtha jinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, paTTadhara somasundarasUri dhAtu kI pratimA bAlotarA, rAjasthAna lekhAMka 734 kA lekha 32. 1517 mAgha sudi 5 zukravAra mAgha sudi 4 ravivAra 33. 1519 kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 77 34. 1525 mArgazIrSa vadi 9 zukravAra

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35. 1525 36. 1525 78 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 37. 1525 mAgha sudi 5 hemaprabhasUri candraprabha kI kharataragacchIya AdinAtha vinayasAgara, pUrvokta- lekhAMka budhavAra ___paJcatIrthI pratimA jinAlaya, koTA 669 kA lekha phAlguna sudi 7 jinarAjasUri ke AdinAtha kI jaina mandira, karer3A vijayadharmasUri, pUrvokta lekhAMka zanivAra paTTadhara jinodayasUri dhAtu kI pratimA 392. kA lekha phAlgana sadi 7 jinarAjasari ke samatinAtha kI mahAvIra svAmI kA nAhaTA poMkta- letAMka zanivAra paTTadhara jinodayasUri caubIsI pratimA maMdira, bIkAnera 1252 para utkIrNa lekha vaizAkha sudi 2 guNasundarasUri AdinAtha kI AdinAtha jinAlaya, vahI, lekhAMka 2342 zanivAra pratimA para rAjaladesara utkIrNa lekha jyeSTha vadi 3 devasundarasUri ke padmaprabha kI yati kizana jI ke nAhara, pUrvokta- bhAga 1, ravivAra ziSya guNasundarasUri pratimA kA lekha saMrakSaNa meM rakhI pratimA lekhAMka 579 padmaprabha kI pArzvacandragaccha upAzraya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta- lekhAMka paJcatIrthI pratimA jayapura 741 kA lekha 38. 1528 39. 1532

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41. 42. 44. 43. 1542 45. 46. 1536 47. 1538 1542 1545 1553 1556 phAlguna sudi 3 devasundarasUri ravivAra jyeSThaM sudi 2 maMgalavAra mAgha sudi 2 zanivAra mAgha sudi 5 phAlguna vadi 3 jinadattasUri ke paTTadhara devasundarasUri jyeSTha vadi 12 jinodayasUri ke paTTadhara devasundarasUri jyeSTha sudi 12 hemaprabhasUri guruvAra somasundarasUri ke ziSya harikalaza guNasundarasUri harSasundarasUri kuMthunAtha kI caubIsI pratimA kA lekha caubIsI jina pratimA kA lekha munisuvrata kI paJcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha dharmanAtha kI paJcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha caubIsI paTTa para utkIrNa lekha hIrAlAla cunnIlAla kA derAsara, lakhanaU kharataragacchIya bar3A mandira, tulApaTTI, kalakattA sumatinAtha jinAlaya, jayapura vimalanAtha jinAlaya, savAImAdhopura nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka 1439 bAlAvasahI, zatruMjaya, pAlitAnA nAhara, pUrvokta- bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1621 muni kAntisAgara - sampA jainadhAtupratimAlekha, lekhAMka kharataragacchIya AdinAtha vahI, lekhAMka 840 jinAlaya, koTA 242 vinayasAgara- pUrvokta- lekhAMka 830 vahI, lekhAMka 873 muni kAntisAgara - sampA. zatruJjayavaibhava, lekhAMka 256 kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 79

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48. 1556 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 49. 1556 vahI, lekhAMka 1626 50. 1569 vahI, lekhAMka 1455 80 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 51. 1570 jyeSTha sudi 9 devasundarasUri zItalanAtha kI cintAmaNi jI kA pratimA kA lekha mandira, bIkAnera jyeSTha sudi 5 sarvvasUri sumatinAtha kI ravivAra pratimA kA lekha zrAvaNa sudi 5 AnandasUri ke hrIMkArayaMtra para ziSya cAritrarAja utkIrNa lekha evaM devaratna mAgha vadi 5 guNasamudrasUri AdinAtha kI ravivAra pratimA kA lekha phAlguna sudi 5 devasundarasUri ke tIrthayAtrA vivaraNa vimalavasahI, AbU maMgalavAra ziSya vAcaka kA ullekha vivekasundara ke ziSya vAcaka hemaratna ke ziSya vAcaka somaratna ke ziSya vAcaka guNaratna evaM unake gurubaMdhu lakSmIratnagaNi vahI, lekhAMka 1534 52. 1597 muni jayantavijaya- sampA. arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAMka 201

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53. 54. mitivihIna 1599 vaizAkha sudi 5 guruvAra guNasundarasUri guNasundarasUri ke ziSya guNaprabhasUri AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA kA lekha cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera jaina mandira, celapurI, dillI nAhaTA, pUrvokta- lekhAMka 825 nAhara, pUrvokta- bhAga 1, lekhAMka 501 abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kI prastuta tAlikA ke lekhAMka 1 meM vi0saM0 1260 meM jalamaMdira, pAvApurI meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka muni ke rUpa meM abhayadevasUri kA nAma AyA hai kintu ukta pratimAlekha meM unake gaccha kA koI nirdeza nahIM hai| aisI paristhiti meM unheM kisa AdhAra para kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA se sambaddha mAnA jaaye| cUMki rudrapallIyazAkhA meM vi0saM0 1278 meM jayantavijayakAvya ke racanAkAra abhayadevasUri kA Upara ullekha A cukA hai aura isa kAla meM abhayadeva nAmaka kisI anya gaccha meM bhI koI anya AcArya yA muni nahIM hue haiM ataH pAvApurI meM mahAvIrasvAmI kI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka abhayadevasUri ko samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para jayantavijayakAvya ke racanAkAra kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA ke abhayadevasUri se abhinna mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| kharataragaccha - rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 81

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82 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kI ukta sacI ke lekhoM ko tIna vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| prathama varga meM ve lekha rakhe jA sakate haiM jinameM ullikhita munijanoM kA sAhityika sAkSyoM meM bhI nAma milatA hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : vi.saM. 1296 ke pratimA lekha11 meM ullikhita abhayadevasUri ke ziSya devabhadrasUri samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para sAhityika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para punargaThita guru-ziSya-paramparA kI tAlikA ke abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) ke paTTadhara devabhadrasari se abhitra mAne jA sakate haiN| ThIka yahI bAta vi.saM. 1302 ke pratimAlekha12 meM ullikhita devabhadrasUri ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra vi.saM. 1327 ke pratimAlekha13 meM ullikhita zrIcandrasUri samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para tAlikA saMkhyA 1 meM ullikhita devabhadrasUri ke praziSya tathA prabhAnandasUri ke ziSya evaM paTTadhara zrIcandrasUri se abhinna samajhe jA sakate haiN| vi.saM. 1421 ke pratimAlekha.4 meM ullikhita guNacandrasUri bhI samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para tAlikA saMkhyA 1 meM ullikhita guNAkarasari aura ajitadevasUri ke guru guNacandrasUri se abhinna mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| ThIka yahI bAta vi.saM. 1432 ke pratimAlekha.5 meM ullikhita abhayadevasUri tathA sAhityika dvArA jJAta abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) (vardhamAnasUri, pRthvIcandrasUri Adi ke guru) ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| lUNavasahI ke deharI kramAMka 11 kI eka jinapratimA para vi.saM. 1417 kA lekha utkIrNa hai16 jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha pratimA jJAnacandrasUri dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thii| lekha meM pUrNacandragaNi aura saMghatilakasUri kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| lekha kA mUlapATha nimnAnusAra hai : saMvat 1417 ASADha sudi 5 dine zrIsaMghatilakasUribhiH puurnncndrgnninaa| Tha. jAkena zrImahAvIra biMbaM kA.pra. zrIjJAnacandrasUribhiH / / Tha. muMjAke. // - ye tInoM munijana kisa gaccha se sambaddha the, sAtha hI sAtha ye alaga-alaga gacchoM ke the yA eka hI gaccha ke| ina bAtoM kA ukta lekha se jJAna nahIM ho paataa| isake lie hameM anyatra prayAsa karanA hogaa| ukta lekha meM ullikhita jJAnacandrasUri ko samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para arbudatIrthoddhAraka dharmaghoSagacchIya prasiddha AcArya jJAnacandrasari17 se jinake dvArA vi.saM. 1374-1396 ke madhya pratiSThApita 40 se adhika jinapratimAe~ adyAvadhi prApta ho cukI haiM, abhinna mAnA jA sakatA hai| ThIka yahI bAta ukta lekha meM ullikhita saMghatilakasari aura rudrapallIyazAkhA ke prasiddha AcArya saMghatilakasUri ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| lekha meM ullikhita tIsare muni pUrNacandragaNi ke

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 83 bAre meM jAnakArI ke abhAva meM kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai| vi.saM. 1569 ke lekha18 meM ullikhita cAritrarAja evaM devaratnasUri ke guru Anandasundara tathA zIlavatIkathA (racanAkAla vi.saM. 1562/I.san 1506) ke racanAkAra AjJAsundarasUri ke guru Anandasundara bhI yadi eka hI vyakti hoM to isameM koI Azcarya nahIM hai| isa prakAra devabhadrasUri, zrIcandrasUri, abhayadevasUri dvitIya', munisundarasUri, saMghatilakasUri, abhayadevasUri 'dvitIya' Adi kA donoM prakAra ke sAkSyoM meM ullekha mila jAtA hai| jahAM sAhityika sAkSya inake pUrvApara sambandhoM ke bAre meM mauna haiM vahIM abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se ve nizcita ho cuke haiN| isa prakAra sAhityika sAkSyoM dvArA nirmita pUrvapradarzita tAlikA ko abhilekhIya sAkSyoM dvArA jo nUtana svarUpa prApta hotA hai vaha nimnAnusAra hai- draSTavya tAlikA kramAMka-2

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tAlikA-2 vardhamAnasUri (prathama) jinezvarasUri abhayadevasUri (prathama) navAGgIvRttikAra jinavallabhasUri jinazekharasUri (rudrapallIyazAkhA ke AdipuruSa) 84 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 padmacandrasUri vijayacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (dvitIya) vi.saM. 1278/I.san 1222 meM jayantavijayakAvya ke racanAkAra devabhadrasUri (vi.saM. 1298-1302) pratimAlekha prabhAnandasUri zrItilakasUri (gautamapRcchAvRtti ke racanAkAra evaM cArucandra, jinabhadra aura guNazekhara ko upAdhyAya pada pradAna karane vAle)

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vimalacandrasUri zrIcandrasUri (cArucandra,jinabhadra aura guNazekhara ko AcArya pada pradAna karane vAle) cArucandra guNazekharasUri jinabhadrasUri (vi.saM. 1386) pratimAlekha guNacandrasUri abhayadevasUri (tRtIya) jayAnandasUri pRthvIcandrasUri (vi.saM. 1426 ke AsapAsa mAsRkAkSaracaupAI ke racanAkAra) vardhamAnasUri (dvitIya) (vi.saM. 1468/I.sa. 1412 meM AcAradinakara ke kartA) kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 85 AnandasundarasUri

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AjJAsundarasUri devaratnasUri cAritrarAjasUri (vi. saM. 1562/I.sa. 1506 meM zIlavatIkathA ke racanAkAra) vi.saM. 1569 ke hrIMkAra yaMtrapara utkIrNa lekha meM ullikhita 86 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 saMghatilakasUra (vi.saM. 1422 meM samyakatvasaptatikA ke racanAkAra) zrItilakasari somatilakasUri aparanAma vidyAtilaka (SaTdarzanasamuccaya tathA anya granthoM ke kartA) devendrasUri (vi.saM. 1429 meM praznottararatnamAlAvRtti ke kartA) guNacandrasUri (vi.saM. 1421) pratimAlekha ajitadevasUri guNAkarasUri (vi.saM. 1426 meM bhaktAmarastotravRtti ke racanAkAra)

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 87 dvitIya varga meM una pratimAlekhoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai jinameM ullikhita munijanoM kA kevala abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM hI ullekha milatA hai, kintu vahAM unakI guru-paramparA ke do-eka nAma jJAta hone se kucha choTI-choTI gurvAvaliyAM saMkalita kI jA sakatI haiM, jo nimnAnusAra haiM : (a) jinahaMsasUri jinarAjasUri (vi.saM. 1421) jinahaMsasUri (vi.saM. 1494) jinarAjasUri (vi.saM. 1501-1506) jinodayasUri (vi.saM. 1525) devasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1542) harSasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1478-1486) devasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1454-1487) labdhisundarasUri (vi.saM. 1506) somasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1501-25) harikalaza (vi.saM. 1542)

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88 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 (sa) devasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1519-1536) pratimAlekha guNasundarasUri guNasamudrasUri (vi.saM. 1528-1553) (vi.saM. 1553-1570) pratimAlekha pratimAlekha guNaprabhasUri (vi.saM. 1599) pratimAlekha (da) jinadattasUri devasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1538-1556) pratimAlekha (ka) devasundarasUri vivekasundarasUri hemaratnasUri somaratnasUri lakSmIratnasUri guNaratnasUri ___ ukta choTI-choTI pAMca gurvAvaliyoM (a, ba, sa, da aura ka) meM se va aura ka meM paraspara samAyojana sambhava ho sakatA hai, aura donoM ko saMyukta rUpa se nimnAnusAra rakhA jA sakatA hai : draSTavya- tAlikA kramAMka 3

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 89 tAlikA kramAMka-3 harSasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1478-1486) devasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1454-1487) labdhisundarasUri (vi.saM. 1506) vivekasundarasUri somasundarasUri (vi.saM. 1501-1525) harikalaza (vi.saM. 1542) hemaratnasUri somaratnasUri guNaratnasUri lakSmIratna (vimalavasahI ke vi.saM. 1597 ke lekha meM ullikhita) tRtIya varga meM una lekhoM ko rakhA jA sakatA hai jinameM pratimApratiSThApaka muni evaM gaccha kA to nAma hai; kintu unake guru kA nhiiN| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra haivi.saM. pratiSThApaka muni kA nAma . 1510 haribhadrasUri19 1525, 1545 hemaprabhasUri20 1556 harSasundarasUri21 1556 sarvasundarasUri22 jinapaMjarastotra23 ke racayitA kamalaprabhasUri bhI isI zAkhA ke the| unake guru kA nAma devaprabhasUri thaa| yaha bAta ukta kRti kI prazasti se jJAta hotI hai; kintu yaha kRti kaba racI gayI,racanAkAra ke guru devaprabhasUri kisake ziSya the? isI prakAra vi.saM. 1655 meM karaNarAja24 nAmaka jyotiSa grantha ke racanAkAra munisundara bhI kharataragaccha kI isI zAkhA ke the| unake guru kA nAma jinasundarasUri thaa| kintu ye jinasundarasUri kisake ziSya the isa sambandha meM na to ukta prazasti se aura na hI kinhIM anya sAkSyoM se koI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| isa prakAra ye prazna abhI to anuttarita hI raha jAte haiN| rudrapallIyazAkhA se sambaddha aura adyAvadhi upalabdha abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke munijanoM ke guru-paramparA kI koI vistRta tAlikA ko saMgaThita kara pAnA kaThina hai, phira bhI inase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki zvetAmbara jaina samAja ke

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90 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 15:01 Sheet PATREATRESS INCLUSIC RANA 1.VAN satta R T '.. 21. RA NagaNMSPATHAR AMETRITERS 1934 ACTSULTSHES naminAtha kI dhAtu kI vi.saM. 1311 kI lekha yukta pratimA

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 91 N - SHRIES ... naminAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA para utkIrNa vi.saM. 1311 ke lekha ke mUla pATha kI phoTo prati PAK RECEITHERSiristianand P .

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92 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 eka bar3e varga para kharataragaccha kI isa zAkhA ke munijanoM kA lagabhaga 300 varSoM taka prabhAva rahA hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA25 ne vi.sa. kI 17vIM zatI taka isa gaccha kA astitva batalAyA hai| usake bAda isa gaccha se sambaddha koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotI, ata: yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki rudrapallIya zAkhA kA 17vIM zatAbdI ke bAda svatantra astitva samApta ho gayA hogA aura isa gaccha ke anuyAyI sAdhu aura zrAvaka kinhIM anya gacchoM vizeSakara kharataragaccha yA usakI kinhIM zAkhAoM meM sammilita ho gaye hoNge| sandarbha 3. P. Peterson; A Fourth Report of Operation in Search of Sanskrit Mss in the Bombay Circle 1886-1892 A.D., Bombay 1896 A.D. No. 1248, pp. 87-89. A.P. Shah; Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Mss Muniraja Shree Punya Vijayalis Collection, Vol. I,L.D.Series No. 2, Ahmedabad, 1963 A.D., No. 3419, pp. 197-198. 3. Muni Punya Vijaya - Ed. New Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Mss. : Jesalmer Collection, L.D. Series No. 36, Ahmedabad 1972 A.D.No. 1798, p. 325. 8. P. Peterson; A First Report of Operation in Search of Sanskrit Mss in the Bombay Circle,. Bombay 1884 A.D., No. 351, pp. 92-94. hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApar3iyA, bhaktAmarakalyANamandiranamiUNastotratrayam, mumbaI 1932 IsvI, pRSTha 122. P. Peterson; A Fifth Report of Operation in Search of Sanskrit Mss. in the Bombay Circle, Bombay 1896 A.D., No. 779, p. 207-208. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jainagUjarakavio, bhAga-1, navIna saMskaraNa, sampA0 - DaoN0 jayanta koThArI, mumbaI 1986 IsvI, pRSTha 37. 6. P. Peterson; A Sixth Report of the Operation in Search of Sanskrit ___Mss. in the Bombay Circle, Bombay 1894 A.D., No. 1299, pp. 108-109. yaha grantha kharataragaccha granthamAlA, lAlabAga, mumbaI se 1922 IsvI meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA hai| grantha ke anta meM 32 zlokoM kI lambI prazasti hai jisameM granthakAra ke guru-paramparA tathA racanAkAla Adi kA nirdeza hai|

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kharataragaccha-rudrapallIyazAkhA kA itihAsa : 93 9. jauharImala pArekha, sampA0 - jinabhadrasUrijJAnabhaNDAra jaisalamera ke hasta likhita granthoM kA sUcIpatra, dvitIya khaNDa, jinadarzana pratiSThAna-grantha kramAMka 1, jodhapura 1988 I0, vibhAga 4-a, kramAMka 416, pRSTha 240-241. 10. saM0 1311 phAlguna sudi 12 zukre zrI naminAtha biMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM rudrplliiyprbhaanndsuuribhiH|| B. Bhattacharya, "The bhale Symbol of the Jains", Barliner Indologische Studien, Band 8, 1995, Plate XXII. 11. o0 saMvat 1296 varSe phAguNa vadi 5 ravau kIragrAme brahmakSatragotrotpannavyava. mAnUputrAbhyAM vya. dolhaNaAlhaNAbhyAM svkaaritshriimnmhaaviirdevcaitye|| zrImahAvIrajinamUlabiMbaM Atmazreyo (tha) kaaritN| pratiSThitaM ca zrIjinavallabhasUrisaMtAnIyarudrapallIyazrImadabhayadevasUriziSyaiH shriidevbhdrsuuribhiH|| G. Buhler, "The Jaina Inscription in the temple of Baijnatha at Kiragrame", Epigraphia Indica, Vol. I, Calcutta 1892 A.D., pp. 118-119. 12. draSTavya, lekha kramAMka 2. 13. lekha kramAMka 4. 14. lekha kramAMka 7. 15. lekha kramAMka 8. 16. muni kalyANavijaya, prabandhapArijAta, jAlora 1966 I0, lekhAMka 14, pRSTha 381. 17. zivaprasAda, "dharmaghoSagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa', zramaNa, varSa 41, aMka 1-3, pRSTha 51. 18. draSTavya- lekha kramAMka 49. 19. lekha kramAMka 23,24,25 20. lekha kramAMka 34,44 21. lekha kramAMka 46. 22. lekha kramAMka 48. 23. zrIrudrapallIyavareNyagacche, devprbhaacaarypdaabjhNsH| vAdIndracUr3AmaNideva jaino, jIyAdguruH shriikmlprbhaakhyH||25|| namaskArasvAdhyAya, sampA0 munizrI dhurandharavijayajI evaM jambUvijayajI, jaina sAhitya vikAsa maNDala, mumbaI 1962 I0sa0, pRSTha 184-188. 24. ambAlAla premacanda zAha, jainasAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, vArANasI 1969 I0, pR0 189. 25. agaracanda nAhaTA, "jaina zramaNoM ke gacchoM para saMkSipta prakAza", yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha, Ahora 1958 I0, pRSTha 145. 12 //

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa dulIcanda jaina "sAhityaratna'' vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA __ bhAratavarSa kI vartamAna zikSA-praNAlI paratantratA kAla se hI aMgrejoM dvArA pracArita zikSA siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai| svatantratA prApti ke cauvana varSoM ke bAda bhI usameM koI maulika parivartana nahIM haa| eka vicAraka ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA-praNAlI na to "bhAratIya'' hai aura na hI vAstavika "shikssaa''| svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA hai ki zikSA mAtra una vividha-jAnakAriyoM kA Dhera nahIM hai, jo hamAre mastiSka meM lUMsa-ThUsa kara bhara diye jAte haiM aura jo AtmasAt hue binA vahA~ jIvana bhara rahakara gar3abar3a macAyA karate haiN| hameM una vicAroM kI anubhUti kara lene kI AvazyakatA hai, jo 'jIvana-nirmANa', 'manuSya-nirmANa' tathA 'caritra-nirmANa' meM sahAyaka hoN|' sahasroM varSoM se isa deza meM tIrthaGkaroM, RSiyoM evaM AcAryoM ne mUlya-AdhArita zikSA praNAlI kA pracAra kiyaa| DaoN0 altekara ne prAcIna bhAratIya zikSA ke sandarbha meM likhA hai"prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA antajyoti aura zakti kA srota mAnI jAtI thI, jo zArIrika, mAnasika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM ke santulita vikAsa se hamAre svabhAva meM parivartana karatI aura use zreSTha banAtI hai tAki hama eka vinIta aura upayogI nAgarika ke rUpa meM raha skeN|''2 svatantratA prApti ke bAda zikSA paddhati meM parivartana karane hetu aneka AyogoM kA gaThana huA aura unhoMne bhI caritra-nirmANakArI jIvana-mUlyoM ko zikSA meM antarbhUta karane para jora diyaa| san 1964 se san 1966 taka DaoN0 daulata siMha koThArI, jo eka pratiSThita vaijJAnika the, kI adhyakSatA meM koThArI Ayoga kA gaThana haa| isane apane prativedana meM kahA- "kendrIya evaM prAntIya sarakAroM ko naitika, sAmAjika tathA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM para AdhArita zikSA kA prabandha apanI adhInastha saMsthAoM meM karanA caahie|' san 1975 meM rASTrIya zaikSika anusandhAna aura prazikSaNa pariSad ne apane prativedana meM kahA- "vidyAlaya pAThyakrama kI saMracanA isa DhaMga se kI jAya ki caritra nirmANa zikSA kA eka pramukha uddezya bne|'' vartamAna bhAratIya zikSA praNAlI kA sabase bar3A doSa hai ki isameM bhArata ke zAzvata rASTrIya jIvana mUlyoM para AdhArita zikSA-darzana para samyak vicAra tathA unakA anupAlana *. jaina iNDasTrIyala kArporezana, 36, sembUDAsa sTrITa, cenai, 600 001.

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : 95 nahIM huaa| aMgrejoM dvArA sthApita zikSA-vyavasthA Aja bhI usI prakAra se pracalita hai| usake pariNAmasvarUpa Aja kA vidyArthI dizA - vihIna tathA binA patavAra kI naukA ke samAna bhaTakatA dikhAyI de rahA hai| zikSA kSetra meM cAroM ora arAjakatA phaila gayI hai| anuzAsanahInatA vyApaka rUpa meM phaila gayI hai aura usakA ghAtaka prabhAva hamAre sampUrNa rAjanaitika evaM sAmAjika kSetroM meM bhI phailA hai| prasiddha cintaka DaoN0 nemicanda jaina ThIka hI kahA hai ki "Aja deza ke pAsa saba kucha hai, sirpha eka niSkalaMka, niSkAma aura dezabhakta caritra nahIM hai|" isa bhayAvaha paristhiti kA sabase bar3A kAraNa hai- hamArI dizA - vihIna doSapUrNa zikSA nIti / ataeva AvazyakatA hai ki bhAratIya jIvana mUlyoM ko zikSA praNAlI meM antarbhUta kiyA jaay| bhAratIya adhyAtma evaM pazcimI vijJAna kA samanvaya hamAre zikSA kSetra meM krAnti lAyegA tathA usakA anukUla prabhAva hamAre sAre rASTrIya jIvana para par3egA / saMvidhAna meM " dharmanirapekSatA" ko hamArI nIti kA eka aMga mAnA gayA hai| " dharmanirapekSatA' zabda hI bhrAmaka hai, kyoMki bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra hama 'dharma' se nirapekSa nahIM raha skte| dharmanirapekSa kA arthamAtra itanA hI ho ki rAjya kisI vizeSa dharma kA pracAra nahIM kare, taba taka to ThIka hai, lekina isakA artha dharma se vimukha ho jAnA kadApi nahIM hai| hamAre deza meM prAcInakAla se hI tIna dharmoM kI dhArAe~ mukhya rUpa se bahatI rahI haiM - vaidika dharma, jainadharma aura bauddhdhrm| bAda meM sikkhadharma bhI prArambha huaa| ina cAroM dhArAoM ne kucha aise naitika va AdhyAtmika mUlya sthApita kiye, jinheM sanAtana jIvana-mUlya kaha sakate haiM aura ve pratyeka mAnava para lAgU hote haiN| unakA hamArI zikSA praNAlI meM viniyojana atyAvazyaka hai| jainAgamoM meM zikSA jainAgamoM meM zikSA evaM jJAna ke bAre meM vistRta carcAe~ milatI haiN| vahA~ para AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika donoM prakAra kI zikSAoM kA vivecana evaM dizA-nirdeza milatA hai| hameM adhyAtma-vidyA evaM AjIvikA kI vidyA donoM kI AvazyakatA hai| Agama meM zikSA athavA jJAna prApti ke tIna uddezya batAye gaye - " jeNa taccaM vibujjhejja, jeNa cittaM Nirujjhadi / jeNa attA visujjhejja, taM NANaM jiNasAsaNe / / "4 arthAt jina zAsana meM usI ko jJAna kahA gayA hai jisase tattvoM kA bodha hotA hai, jisase citta kA nirodha hotA hai tathA jisase AtmA vizuddha hotI hai| yaha AdhyAtmika zikSA kA svarUpa hai / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM zikSA ke cAra uddezya batAye gaye1. mujhe zrutajJAna (Agama kA jJAna ) prApta hogA, ataH mujhe adhyayana karanA caahie| 2. maiM ekAgracitta hoU~gA, ataH adhyayana karanA caahie|

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96 : zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 maiM apane Apa ko dharma meM sthira banAU~gA, isalie mujhe adhyayana karanA caahie| maiM svayaM dharma sthita hokara dUsaroM ko dharma meM sthira banAU~gA, isalie adhyayana karanA cAhie | " 3. 4. isa prakAra zikSA kA uddezya mAtra akSara jJAna nahIM mAnA gyaa| zikSA dvArA citta kI ekAgratA evaM buddhi kI sthiratA prApta honI cAhie tathA zikSArthI dharma ke jIvana-mUlyoM ko apanAne ke yogya bne| ekAgratA ke binA vyakti kisI bhI kSetra meM saphala nahIM ho sktaa| eka vyakti zikSita ho para mAnasika ekAgratA se zUnya ho, use zikSA kI viDambanA hI kahanA caahie| isI bAta ko svAmI vivekAnanda ne kahA"hameM aisI zikSA cAhie, jisase caritra kA nirmANa ho, mAnasika bala bar3he, buddhi kA vikAsa ho aura jisase manuSya apane pairoM para khar3A ho ske|"6 yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kA udghoSa haiM, jo sanAtana kAla se calA A rahA hai| upaniSad meM kahA hai- "yA vidyA sA vimuktaye" arthAt vidyA vahI hai jo hameM vimukta karatI hai| vidyA kisa cIja se vimukta karatI hai ? to kahA gayA ki hamameM jo duHkha kI sthiti hai, AkulatA aura vyAkulatA hai, tanAva kI sthiti hai, ye cAhe zArIrika stara para ho yA mAnasika stara para unase mukti kA sAdhana vidyA hI hai| prAcInakAla meM vidyA ke do bheda kahe gaye- vidyA aura avidyA avidyA kA artha ajJAna nahIM hai, avidyA kA artha hai- bhautika jJAna aura vidyA kA artha hai- AdhyAtmika jnyaan| jisa prakAra se eka skUTara do pahiyoM ke binA nahIM cala sakatA hai, vaise hI vidyA aura avidyA donoM kA sAmaJjasya nahIM ho to jIvana kI gAr3I bhI nahIM calatI / isa prakAra hamAre deza ke AcAryoM ne zikSA ke sahI saMskAroM kA sAre deza meM pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| ye saMskAra hamAre rASTra kI sampadA haiM, anamola dharohara haiN| hamAre deza meM bhautika jJAna kI avahelanA nahIM kI gayI; kintu usake sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna ko apanAne para adhika jora diyA gyaa| jaina AcAryoM ne zikSA ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karate hue adhyAtma vidyA ko mahAvidyA kI saMjJA pradAna kii| RSibhASitasUtra meM AyA haiimA vijjA mahAvijjA, savvavijjANa uttamA / jaM vijjaM sAhaittANaM, savvadukkhANa muccatI / / jeNa bandhaM ca mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gatirAgatiM / AyAbhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjAyA dukkhamoyaNI / / ' 7 arthAt vahI vidyA mahAvidyA hai aura sabhI vidyAoM meM uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA karane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti prApta hotI hai| jisa vidyA se bandha aura mokSa kA, jIvoM kI gati aura agati kA jJAna hotA hai tathA jisase AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, vahI vidyA sampUrNa duHkhoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai|

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : jJAna aura cAritra jaina AgamoM meM AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM zramaNa / zramaNiyoM ko vidyA pradAna karane kA adhikAra diyA gyaa| AcArya zruta jJAna ke prakAzaka hote haiN| kahA haijaha dIvA dIvasamaM, paIppae so ya dIppae dIvo / dIvasamA AyariyA, dippaMti appaM ca paraM ca dIvaMti / / ' arthAt jaise eka dIpaka se saikar3oM dIpaka jala uThate haiM aura vaha svayaM bhI jalatA rahatA hai, vaise hI AcArya hote haiM, ve svayaM prakAzamAna rahate haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karate rahate haiN| bodhapAhur3a meM kahA gayA hai ki AcArya ve haiM, jo karma ko kSaya karane vAlI zuddha dIkSA aura zuddha zikSA dete haiN| " 97 jainadharma meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ko bhI zrutajJAna prApta karane ko kahA gayA / zruta jJAna do prakAra se prApta hotA hai- AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM yA zramaNoM dvArA athavA apane svayaM kI preraNA dvaaraa| lekina usa jJAna kA koI mahattva nahIM, jo AcAra meM pariNata nahIM ho| AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA " samyagdarzana- jJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / 90 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM kI sammilita ArAdhanA dvArA mokSa kA mArga upalabdha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA nAdaMsaNissa nANaM, nANeNa viNA na huMti caraNaguNA / aguNissa natthi mokkho, natthi amokkhassa nivvANaM / / 11 arthAt samyagdarzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotaa| jJAna ke binA cAritraguNa niSpanna nahIM hotA / cAritraguNa ke binA mokSa (karmakSaya) nahIM hotA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa - paramazAnti kA lAbha nahIM hotaa| isI bAta ko eka udAharaNa dvArA isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai-- hayaM nANaM kiyAhINaM, hayA annANao kiyaa| pAsaMto paMgulo daDDo, dhAvamANo yA aMdhao / / 12 arthAt kriyAvihIna kA jJAna vyartha hai| ajJAnI kI kriyA vyartha hai| jaise eka paMgu vana meM lagI huI Aga ko dekhate hue bhI bhAgane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai aura andhA vyakti daur3ate hue bhI dekhane meM asamartha hone se jala maratA hai| Age bhI kahA gayA ki "saMjogasiddhIi phalaM vayaMti13 arthAt jJAna aura kriyA ke saMyoga se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai|

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98 : zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 jaina AcAryoM ne cAritra zuddhi yA AcAra zuddhi para bahuta adhika jora diyaa| zikSA dvArA manuSya ke udAtta bhAvoM kI jAgRti honI caahie| usameM prema, karuNA, anukampA, paraduHkhakAtaratA, kSamA Adi mUlyoM kA jAgaraNa ho, vaha mAtra jAnakAriyoM taka sImita nahIM rhe| AcArAGganiryukti meM kahA gayA- "aMgANaM ki sAro ? aayaaro| " 1114 arthAt aMga sAhitya kA sAra kyA hai? unakA sAra AcAra hai| zIlapAhuDa meM kahA gayA- "sIleNa viNA visayA, NANaM viNAsaMti / 195 arthAt zIla ke binA indriyoM ke viSaya jJAna ko naSTa kara dete haiN| isI grantha meM kahA gayA -- "sIlaguNavajjidANaM, NiratthayaM mANusa jammaM / 16 arthAt zIla guNa se rahita vyaktiyoM kA manuSya janma pAnA nirarthaka hI hai| manuSya cAhe kitanA bhI jJAna prApta kara le, binA cAritra ke jJAna kA koI mUlya nahIM / Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA gayA subahupi sumahIyaM, kiM kAhI? caraNavippahINassa / aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassakoDIvi / / 17 arthAt zAstroM kA atyadhika adhyayana bhI caritrahIna ke lie kisa kAma kA / kyA karor3oM dIpaka jala dene para bhI andhe ko koI prakAza mila sakatA hai ? isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne usa zikSA ko grahaNa karane kA pratipAdana kiyA jo cAritra ko unnata karane vAlI ho| zikSAzIla kauna ? AgamazAstroM meM zikSArthI ke guNoM-avaguNoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gyaa| zikSA prApti kI yogyatA kisameM hai? isakA varNana uttara uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM milatA hai-. vase gurukule niccaM jogavaM uvahANavaM / piyaMkare piyaMvAI se sikkhaM laDu marihaI / / 8 arthAt jo sadA gurukula meM vAsa karatA hai, yogavAna aura tapasvI hotA hai, mRdula hotA hai tathA madhura bolatA hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| isI grantha meM batAyA gayA ki ATha kAraNoM yA sthitiyoM se vyakti zikSAzIla kahA jAtA hai 1. ha~sI-majAka nahIM karanA, 2 . indriya aura mana para sadA niyantraNa rakhanA, 3. kisI kA marma (rahasya) prakaTa nahIM karanA, 4 . zIla-rahita (AcAra-vihIna) nahIM

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : 99 honA, 5. vizIla-doSoM se kaluSita nahIM honA, 6. ati rasa-lolupa nahIM honA, 7. krodha nahIM karanA evaM 8. satya meM rata rhnaa|19 jaina AgamoM meM zikSArthI ke lie vinaya, anuzAsana evaM prAmANika jIvana para bala diyA gyaa| inhIM guNoM se vyakti kA jIvana zreSTha banatA hai| upadezamAlA meM kahA gayA viNao sAsaNe mUlaM, viNIo saMjao bhve| viNayAo dippamukkaksa, kao dhammo kao tavo? / / 20 arthAt vinaya jina-zAsana kA mUla hai| saMjaya aura tapa se vinIta bananA caahie| jo vinaya se rahita hai, usakA kaisA dharma aura kaisA tapa? dazavaikAlikasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA vivattI aviNIyassa, saMpattI viNiyassa yaa| jasseyaM duhao nAyaM, sikkhaM se abhigcchii||1 arthAt avinIta ko vipatti aura suvinIta ko sampatti- ye do bAteM jisane jAna lI hai, vahI zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| isI sUtra meM yaha bhI kahA gayA evaM dhammassa viNao mUlaM, paramo se mokkho| jeNa kittiM suyaM sigdhaM, nissesaM caabhigcchi|| 22 arthAt isI taraha dharma kA mUla vinaya hai aura mokSa usakA antima lakSya hai| vinaya dvArA hI manuSya bar3I jaldI zAstra-jJAna evaM kIrti kA sampAdana karatA hai| anta meM niHzreyas (mokSa) bhI isI ke dvArA prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra ogama meM vivekasammata AcAra para jora diyA gyaa| zikSArthI pratyeka kArya vivekapUrvaka kre| kahA hai "caradi jaMda jadi NiccaM, kamalaM va jale nniruvlevo|"23 arthAt yadi sAdhaka (zikSArthI) pratyeka kArya yatanA (viveka) se karatA hai, to vaha jala meM kamala kI bhAMti jagat meM nirlepa rahatA hai| Agama meM vANI ke viveka para bhI jora diyA gyaa| kahA hai "hiamiaapharusavAI, aNuvIIbhAsi vAio vinno|"24 arthAt hita-mita, mRdu aura vicArapUrvaka bolanA vANI kA vinaya hai| isI prakAra kahA gayA

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100 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 puvvaM buddhIe pAsittA, tato vkkmudaahre| acakkhuo vva netAraM, buddhiM annesae giraa|| 25 arthAt pahale buddhi se parakha kara phira bolanA caahie| andhA vyakti jisa prakAra patha-pradarzana kI apekSA rakhatA hai, usI prakAra vANI buddhi kI apekSA rakhatI hai| zikSA ke sAdhaka tattva nIce dI huI pandraha prakAra kI pravRttiyoM kA sevana karane vAlA vyakti zikSA ke yogya kahA gayA hai 1. jo namra hotA hai, 2. jo capala nahIM hotA, 3. jo mAyAvI nahIM hotA, 4. jo kutuhala nahIM karatA, 5. jo kisI para AkSepa nahIM karatA, 6. jo krodha ko TikAkara nahIM rakhatA, 7. jo maitrI karane vAle ke sAtha maitrI kA vyavahAra karatA hai, 8. jo mana kA mada nahIM karatA, 9. skhalanA hone para kisI kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA, 10. mitroM para krodha nahIM karatA, 11. apriyatA rakhane vAle mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM prazaMsA karatA hai, 12. kalaha aura hAthApAI kA varjana karatA hai, 13. kulIna hotA hai, 14. lajjAvAna hotA hai, 15. pratisaMlIna- indriya aura mana kA saMgopana karane / vAlA hotA hai|26 zikSA ke bAdhaka tattva uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zikSA ke bAdhaka tattvoM kA bhI varNana hai aha paMcahiM ThANehiM, jehiM sikkhA na lbbhii| thaMmA kohA pamAeNaM rogeNA''lassaeNa y||27 isI prakAra nimna prakAra kI pravRttiyoM vAlA avinIta-zikSA ke ayogya kahalAtA hai| vaha nirvANa-mAnasika zAnti ko prApta nahIM hotA 1. jo bAra-bAra krodha karatA hai, 2. jo krodha ko TikA kara rakhatA hai, 3. jo maitrI karane vAle ke sAtha bhI amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai, 4. jo jJAna kA mada karatA hai, 5. kisI kI skhalanA hone para usakA tiraskAra karatA hai, 6. mitroM para kupita hotA hai, 7. priyatA rakhane vAle mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM burAI karatA hai, 8. asambaddhabhASI hai, 9. drohI hai, 10. abhimAnI hai, 11. lubdha hai, 12. jitendriya nahIM hai, 13. saMvibhAga nahIM karatA hai, 14. vizvasanIya athavA prItikara nahIM hai|28 svAdhyAya kA mahattva jaina sAdhanA meM svAdhyAya ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| svAdhyAya zikSA kA

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : 101 abhinna aMga hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki svAdhyAya mahAn tapa hai| bAraha prakAra ke Antarika va bAhya tapoM meM svAdhyAya ke samAna tapa na to hai, na huA hai aura na hogaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhagavAn se pUchA gayA- 'he bhagavAn svAdhyAya karane se jIva kisa bAta kA lAbha prApta karatA hai ?" bhagavAn ne uttara diyA ,,29 "sajjhAeNaM nANAvaraNijjaM kammaM khavei / ' arthAt svAdhyAya se jIva jJAnAvaraNIya (jJAna ko rokane vAle) karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prabhu mahAvIra ne batalAyA ki sahI prakAra se svAdhyAya karane se manuSya apane jIvana ke sarvocca lakSya arthAt paramAtma svarUpa ko prApta kara sakatA hai| vaha kathana nimna hai - savaNe nANe ya viNNANe, paccakkhANe ya saMjame / aNaNye tave ceva, vodANe akiriyA siddhI / / 30 arthAt dharma-zravaNa ( svAdhyAya) se nimna lAbha prApta hote haiM 1. jJAna, 2. viziSTa tattva-bodha, 3. pratyAkhyAna (sAMsArika padArthoM se virakti), 4. saMyama, 5. anAsrava (navIna karmoM kA nirodha), 6. tapa, 7. pUrvabaddha karmoM kA nAza, 8. sarvathA karmarahita sthiti va 9 siddhi (mukta sthiti) isase jJAta hotA hai ki jIvana kI sAdhanA meM svAdhyAya kA sthAna sarvopari hai| svAdhyAya ke aMga jainazAstroM meM svAdhyAya ke bAre meM vizada vivecana milatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM jaba pustakoM kA pracalana nahIM thA taba bhI svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA thaa| usa samaya jJAna ko kaNThastha rakhane kA pracalana thaa| ziSya gurujanoM se zAstra zravaNa kara unheM apanI smRti meM saMjokara rakhate the| vedoM ko "zruti" aura Agama ko "zruta" kahA gayA yaha isI tathya kA sUcaka hai| jaina AcAryoM ne svAdhyAya ke nimna pA~ca aMgoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai 19. vAcanA-- svAdhyAya kA pahalA prakAra vAcanA hai / gurujanoM se jJAna grahaNa karanA, unake pravacana sunanA 'vAcanA' kahalAtA hai| bar3e-bar3e jJAniyoM ne jo jJAna pustakoM meM lipibaddha kiyA hai, use par3hanA bhI vAcanA kahalAtA hai| par3hanA aura kisI se sadvacana sunanA, yaha donoM vAcanA ke antargata AtA hai| 2. pRcchanA - par3he yA sune hue jJAna ke bAre meM koI zaMkA ho yA usakA artha spaSTa nahIM ho to usake bAre meM jijJAsAvRtti se prazna pUchanA tAki viSaya spaSTa ho jAye

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102 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 'pRcchanA' kahalAtA hai| isase jJAna samyak banatA hai| jaina paddhati meM praznottara ko pRcchanA kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| 3. parAvartanA-- pUrva paThita jJAna ke bAra-bAra smaraNa karanA yA usakA puna: puna: pArAyaNa karanA tAki pATha bhUle nahIM "parAvartanA" kahalAtA hai| bAra-bAra yAda karane se jJAna smRti meM sthAyI rUpa se sthira ho jAtA hai| 4. anuprekSA- jJAna ke bAre meM nirantara cintana-manana karanA tathA paThita jJAna ko vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se samajhanA "anuprekSA'' kahalAtA hai| isase jJAna meM vyApakatA AtI hai| anuprekSA dvArA svAdhyAyI jJAna meM gambhIratA prApta karatA hai| 5. dharmakathA-- jaba svAdhyAyI jJAna ko grahaNa kara use nizaMka kara letA hai taba usase yaha apekSA kI jAtI hai ki vaha apane nirmala jJAna ke srota se anya logoM ko jJAna dekara unake jJAna meM abhivRddhi kre| sAdhaka vArtA, carcA, pravacana, adhyApana, praznottara ityAdi dvArA apane jJAna ko bhI sudRr3ha karatA hai evaM samAja ko bhI lAbhAnvita karatA hai| jIvana kA sarvAGgINa vikAsa uparokta vivecana se yaha kadApi na samajhanA cAhie ki bhAratIya zikSA ne jIvana ke bhautika aMgoM kI upekSA kara dI, aisI bAta nahIM hai| hamAre yahA~ zAstroM meM jIvana kA samagra aMga liyA gayA hai arthAt manuSya ke zarIra, mana, buddhi va AtmA kI pUrNa udbhAvanA hai| caturvidha puruSArtha kA vikAsa karanA zikSA kA uddezya hai| caturvidha puruSArtha meM hI manuSya-jIvana ke sampUrNa vikAsa kI udbhAvanA hai| isako spaSTa karane ke lie hama eka nadI kA udAharaNa leN| agara nadI ke donoM kinAreM, donoM taTabandha majabUta hote haiM to usa nadI kA pAnI pIne ke, siMcAI ke, udyoga-dhandhoM Adi ke kAma AtA hai, usameM jIvoM kA kalyANa hotA hai| lekina jaba usake kinAre kamajora par3a jAte haiM to nadI bAr3ha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura vahI aneka gA~voM ko jalamagna kara detI hai, aneka manuSya aura pazu usameM baha jAte haiM, bhayaMkara trAhi-trAhi maca jAtI hai| isI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana dharma aura mokSa ke do kinAroM kI taraha hai| ina do taToM . kI maryAdA meM artha aura kAma kA sevana kiyA jAe to manuSya kA jIvana svayaM ke lie evaM anyoM ke lie bhI upayogI aura kalyANakArI siddha hotA hai| hamAre yahA~ para jagata aura jIvana kI upekSA nahIM kI gayI, lekina saMyamamaya, maryAdAnakala jIvana ke vyavahAra para jora diyA gyaa| hamAre yahA~ para pArivArika jIvana meM isI dharma bhAvanA ko vikasita karane ko kahA gyaa| zAstroM meM patnI ko "dharmapatnI" kahA gayA jo dharma-bhAvanA ko bar3hAne vAlI hotI hai| vaha vAsanA kI mUrti nahIM hai| Agama meM patnI ke bAre meM bar3A sundara varNana AtA hai

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jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : 103 bhAriyA dhamma-sahAiyA, dhmm-viijjiyaa| dhammANurAgarattA, smsuh-dukkh-shaaiyaa||31 arthAt patnI dharma meM sahAyatA karane vAlI, sAtha dene vAlI anurAgayukta tathA sukha-duHkha ko samAna rUpa meM bAMTane vAlI hotI hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki hama duniyA kI sabhI sUcanAe~ prApta kareM, vijJAna va bhautika jagat kA pUrNa jJAna prApta kareM, sArI upalabdhiyA~ prApta kreN| lekina ina sabake sAtha dharma ke jIvana-mUlyoM kI upekSA nahIM kreN| usa sthiti meM vijJAna bhI vinAzaka zakti na hokara mAnava jAti ke lie kalyANakArI siddha hogaa| tIna prakAra ke AcArya rAjapraznIyasUtra meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha hai- kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dhrmaacaary| kalAcArya jIvanopayogI lalitakalAoM, vijJAna va sAmAjika jJAna jaise viSayoM kI zikSA detA thaa| bhASA aura lipi, gaNita, bhUgola, khagola, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, saMgIta aura nRtya ina sabakI zikSAe~ kalAcArya pradAna karatA thaa| jainAgamoM meM puruSoM kI 64 aura striyoM kI 72 kalAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| dUsarI prakAra kI zikSA zilpAcArya dete the jo AjIvikA yA dhana ke arjana se sambandhita thii| zilpa, udyoga va vyApAra se sambandhita sAre kAryoM kI zikSA denA zilpAcArya kA kArya thaa| ina donoM ke atirikta tIsarA zikSaka dharmAcArya thA, jisakA kArya dharma kI zikSA pradAna karanA va caritra kA vikAsa karanA thaa| dharmAcArya zIla aura sadAcaraNa kA jJAna pradAna karate the| ina saba prakAra kI zikSAoM ko prApta karane ke kAraNa hI hamArA zrAvaka samAja bahuta sampanna thaa| sAmAnya vyakti unako zreSThI aura sAhUkAra jaise AdarasUcaka sambodhana se pukAratA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai- "je kamme sUrA te dhamme sUrA'' arthAt jo karma meM zUra hotA hai, vahI dharma meM zUra hotA hai| caritra ko unnata banAeM Aja sUcanA takanIka kA drutagAmI vikAsa huA hai| reDiyo, TI0vI0, kampyUTara, iNTaraneTa Adi dvArA vizva kA sampUrNa jJAna sahajatA se upalabdha ho rahA hai, lekina agara bAlaka ke caritra nirmANa para dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA to ye vaijJAnika sAdhana use patita kara sakate haiN| Aja vizva ke sarvAdhika samRddha rASTra amerikA kA eka vidyArthI 18 varSa kI umra taka kama se kama 12000 hatyAe~, balAtkAra Adi ke dRzya TI.vI. Adi para dekha letA hai| usa vidyArthI ke komala mastiSka para isakA kitanA bhayaMkara prabhAva par3atA hai? Aja yahI takanIkI hamAre deza meM bhI sulabha ho gayI hai| aneka prakAra ke cainala va calacitra TI0vI0 para pradarzita hote haiM jo 24 ghaNTe calate rahate haiN| unameM se aneka hiMsA evaM azlIlatA ko bar3hAvA dene vAle aura

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104 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 hamAre pArivArika jIvana ko vikhaNDita karane vAle hote haiN| hamArI sarakAra bhI adhika Aya ke lAlaca meM unheM bar3hAvA detI hai| isalie samAja kA yaha dAyitva hai ki jo vyakti zikSaNazAlAe~ calAte haiM, unake dvArA vidyArthiyoM ko caritra-nirmANa ke saMskAra diye jaaeN| hameM vidyAlayoM meM jaina saMskAroM kA bhI jJAna denA hogA yathA mAtA-pitA kI bhakti, guru-bhakti, dharma-bhakti evaM raassttr-bhkti| isI prakAra se vidyArthiyoM ko mAnava mAtra se prema, paropakAra kI bhAvanA, jIva rakSA ke saMskAra dene hoNge| use yaha mahasUsa karAnA ki koI duHkhI vyakti hai to usako yathAzakya madada denA, sAmAnya-jana ke sukha-duHkha meM sammilita honA, kisI ke bhI prati dveSa nahIM rakhanA Adi saMskAra jIvana ko utkarSa kI ora le jAte haiN| Aja vizva kA bauddhika vikAsa bahuta huA para AdhyAtmika vikAsa nahIM huaa| mahAkavi dinakara ne bar3A sundara kahA hai buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI huI, mRtyu kA sevaka hai vijnyaan| cetatA aba bhI nahIM manuSya, vizva kA kyA hogA bhagavAn ? manuSya kI buddhi tRSNA kI dAsI ho gayI hai| tRSNA nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vijJAna kA bhI upayoga adhikAMzata: vidhvaMsaka astroM ke sarjana meM ho rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM manuSya ko sukha aura zAnti kaise prApta hogI? jaina zikSA kA Adarza bhArata meM zikSA kA Adarza mAnA gayA bhautika jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika jJAna kA smnvy| jaina zikSA ke tIna abhinna aMga haiM- zraddhA, bhakti aura krm| samyagdarzana se hama jIvana ko zraddhAmaya banAte haiM, samyagjJAna se hama padArthoM ke sahI svarUpa ko samajhate haiM tathA samyak cAritra se hama sukarma kI aura prerita hote haiN| ina tInoM kA jaba hamAre jIvana meM vikAsa hotA hai tabhI hamAre jIvana meM pUrNatA AtI hai| zikSA dvArA bauddhika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha zikSArthI kA Antarika vyaktitva bhI badalanA caahie| yahI jaina zikSA kA sandeza hai- hama apramatta baneM, saMyamI baneM, jAgarUka baneM, cAritra-sampanna bneN| tabhI hamAre rASTra kA tathA vizva kA kalyANa sambhava hai| sandarbha-sUcI 1. svAmI vivekAnanda, zikSA, prakAzaka- rAmakRSNa maTha, nAgapura, pRSTha 7. 2. ananta sadAziva altekara, prAcIna bhArata meM zikSA, pRSTha 12. 3. zAkAhAra-krAnti, (mAsika, navambara-disambara 2001), pRSTha 6. 4. mUlAcAra, gAthA 267. 5. dazavaikAlikasUtra, gAthA 267.

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6. zikSA, svAmI vivekAnanda, pRSTha 8. 7. isi bhAsiyAiMsUtra, gAthA 17/1-2. uttarAdhyayana sUtraniryukti, gAthA 8. 8. 9. bodhapAhuDa, gAthA 16. 10. tattvArthasUtra, gAthA 1. 11. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/30. 12. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 101. 13. vahI, gAthA 102. 14. AcArAGganiryukti, gAthA 16. 15. zIlapAhuDa, gAthA 2. 16. vahI, gAthA 15. 17. Avazyakaniryukti, gAthA 98. 18. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 11 / 14. 19. vahI, gAthA 11 / 4-5. 20. upadezamAlA, 4 / 341. 21. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 9/2/21. 22 . vahI, gAthA 9/2/2. jainAgamoM meM zikSA kA svarUpa : gAthA 76. 26. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 10 /13. 27. vahI, 11/3. 28. vahI, 11/6-9. 29. vahI, 29 / 19. 30. bhavagatIsUtra, 2/111. 31. upAsakadazAGgasUtra, 7/227. 23. pravacanasAra, gAthA 3/18. 24. dazavaikAlikaniryukti, gAthA 322. 25. vyavahArabhASyapIThikA, saMpAdikA samaNI kusumaprajJA, lADanUM 1996 I., 105

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jaina Agama - sAhitya meM naraka kI mAnyatA DaoN0 manISA sinhA jaina Agama vipAkasUtra meM karma phaloM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vyakti ke bure karmaphala prAyaH usake dvArA kiye gaye pApa karmoM para AdhArita hotA hai| sthAnAGgasUtra meM pApakarma ke nau kAraNa spaSTata: batAye gaye haiM- prANitipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / ' jo prANI raudrakarma, vacana, vicAra evaM AkRti se bhayaMkara hotA hai aura apane sukha evaM vilAsayukta jIvanayApana karane ke lie hiMsA, corI, DakaitI, lUTapATa, vizvAsaghAta Adi bhayaMkara pApakarma kA sampAdana karatA hai| jo madyapAna, mAMsAhAra, zikAra, maithuna Adi kI pravRtti ko svAbhAvika kahakara nirdoSa batAne kI dhRSTatA karate haiM jinakI kaSAya agni kabhI zAnta nahIM hotI, jo jAnavaroM kI hatyA evaM machaliyoM kA vadha karake apanI jIvikA calAte haiM aise pApakarmI mUr3ha jIva apane kiye hue pApakarmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie naraka meM jAte haiN| jaina AgamoM ke anusAra vyakti naraka meM apane duSkarma kA phala bhogane jAtA hai| naraka-sambandhI dhAraNA logoM ke bure karmoM ko niyantrita karatI thI / isalie unheM naitika mArga para calAne ke lie naraka ke dAruNa duHkha-pIr3A se spaSTataH avagata karAyA gyaa| vyaktiyoM ke pApakarma, phala tathA daNDa nirdhAraNa ke lie narakoM kA bheda-prabheda bhI sthApita kiyA gayA hai jise sAta mukhya naraka, chaha atikRSTa mahAnaraka, chaha ayakrAnta mahAnaraka, pA~ca mahAnaraka tathA do anya narakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI bhayaMkara yAtanAdAyI narakapAla evaM naraka kI viSama paristhitiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| sUtrakRtAGga tathA jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra' se sAta narakoM kA nAma prApta hotA hai| yathA-- ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, tamaprabhA, tamaHprabhA, mahAtamaprabhA / ye sAtoM naraka bhUmiyA~ eka dUsare ke nIce asaMkhya yojanoM ke antara para dhanodadhi, dhanavAta, tanuvAta aura AkAza ke AdhAra para sthita haiN| ye naraka bhUmiyA~ kramaza: tIsa lAkha, paccIsa lAkha, bIsa lAkha, pandraha lAkha aura dasa lAkha AvAsoM meM vibhakta haiN| ina narakoM kA kSetra vizAla evaM vistRta hai| isakI bhittiyA~ vajramaya haiN| una bhittiyoM meM koI sandhi chidra nahIM hai na hI bAhara nikalane ke lie koI dvAra hai / E pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa, zrI agrasena kanyA svAyattazAsI pI0 jI0 kAleja, vArANasI

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jaina Agama-sAhitya meM naraka kI mAnyatA : 107 naraka kI bhUmiyA~ mRdatA rahita kaThora haiN| ina narakoM kA kArAgAra itanA viSama hai ki koI bAhara nahIM A sktaa| Ayu pUrNa hone taka narakagAmI vyaktiyoM ko vahA~ rahanA par3atA hai aura ghora vedanA ke kAraNa krandana karate hue ye sahAyatA ke lie eka dUsare ko sambodhita karate rahate haiN| narakoM meM hamezA ghora andhakAra vyApta rahatA hai| yahA~ sUrya, candra yA nakSatroM kA lezamAtra bhI prakAza nahIM hotaa| ___ jambUdvIpa meM mandara parvata ke dakSiNa bhAga meM, ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM bhI chaha atikRSTa mahAnaraka sthita haiN| yathA- lola, lolupa, udagdha, nirdagdha, jaraka, prjrk| isI prakAra cauthe naraka paMkaprabhA kI pRthvI meM aura chaha apakrAnta mahAnaraka- Ara, vAra, mAra, raura, rauruka evaM khADakhaNDa sthita haiN| jahA~ prANiyoM ko unake karmoM ke anusAra daNDa diyA jAtA hai| inake atirikta mahAnaraka sUtra se pApakarmiyoM ko daNDa pradAna karane vAle pA~ca mahAnarakoM ke nAma varNita haiM--- kAla, mahAkAla, roruka, mahArauruka, apratiSThAnA sUtrakRtAGga meM asUrya10 tathA saMtakSaNa nAmaka naraka kA ullekha hai|11 asUrya naraka mahAtApa se yukta tathA ghora andhakArapUrNa evaM atyanta vistRta hai| isameM Upara-nIce evaM tirachI sarvadizAoM meM prajvalita Aga nirantara jalatI rahatI hai jisake kAraNa pApakarmI kisI bhI sthiti meM baca nahIM pAtA aura asahya kaSTa bhogA karatA hai| saMtakSaNa naraka meM bure karma karane vAle vyaktiyoM ko narakapAla kulhAr3I se aMga-pratyaMga kATa DAlate haiN| ina narakoM meM saikar3oM yAtanAoM ko sahane ke bAda bhI vyakti AtmahatyA nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki naraka kI bhUmi kA nAma saMjIvanI hai|12 vaha auSadhi ke samAna jIvana dene vAlI hai jisakA rahasya yaha hai ki mRtyu-sA duHkha pAne para bhI AyuSya zeSa rahane ke kAraNa pApakarmI cUra-cUra kiye jAne yA pAnI kI taraha alaga-alaga kara diye jAne para bhI marate nahIM apitu pAre ke samAna bikhara kara puna: mila jAte haiN|13 naraka meM bahane vAlI vaitaraNI nadI kA jala bhI rakta ke samAna khArA tathA garma batAyA gayA hai| nadI kI jaladhArA ustare kI taraha teja hai| isakI tIkSNa dhArA ke laga jAne se nArakoM ke aMga kaTa jAte haiN| yaha nadI bahuta gahana evaM durgama hai| nArakIya pApakarmI jIva apanI pyAsa bujhAne ke lie isameM kUdate haiM lekina unheM bhayaMkara duHkhoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| 14 nArakIya jIvoM ko kaSTa dene vAle ko parama adhArmika deva kahA gayA hai tathA jamapurisa (yamapuruSa) ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| inake pandraha prakAra milate haiN| apane svabhAva ke anusAra ye nArakIya jIvoM ko bhayaMkara yAtanA pradAna karate haiN| inakI AkRti bhI azubhatara hotI hai aura zarIra ke choTe-bar3e vividha rUpa banA lete haiN|15

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zramaNa / julAI-disambara 2002 amba- ye narakIya jIvoM ko khIMca kara unake sthAna se girAtA hai| ambarISa- ye nAraka ko gar3AsoM se kATa-kATa kara bhAr3a meM pakAne yogya Tukar3e-Tukar3e karate haiN| 108 S zyAma- ye nArakoM ko hAtha ke prahAra tathA kor3oM kI sahAyatA se mArate-pITate haiN| ---- zabala- ye nAraka ke zarIra ko cIr3a-phAr3a kara aMga-pratyaMga nikAla dete haiN| ye nArakIya jIvoM ko bhAle barche Adi se chedakara Upara rudra- uparudra laTakAte haiN| ye narakapAla nArakoM ko kar3AhI Adi meM pakAte haiN| mahAkAla-- ye nArakIya jIvoM ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e karake khAte haiN| asipatra- ye narakapAla semala vRkSa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara apane nIce chAyA nirmita kara nIce Ane vAle nArakoM ko talavAra kI dhAra ke samAna tIkSNa patte girA kara unheM kaSTa pradAna karate haiN| kAla dhanuSa- ye tIkSNa nukIle bANoM se nArakIya jIvoM ke aMgoM kA chedana - bhedana kara dete haiN| kumbha- ye Aga kI tapatI kumbha meM vyaktiyoM ko pakAte haiN| bAlukA- ye bAlu kA AkAra banA lete haiM tathA uSNa bAlU meM garma bhAr3a ke cane ke samAna nArakIya prANiyoM ko bhUnate haiN| vaitaraNI - ye rakta Adi vIbhatsa vastuoM se bharI jala nadI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara pyAsa se pIr3ita nArakoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAte haiN| kharasvaraye kAle vajramaya kaNTakAkIrNa semala vRkSa para nArakoM ko bAra-bAra car3hAte utArate haiN| mahAghoSa - ye bhaya se bhAgate hue nArakIya jIvoM ko bAr3oM meM ghera kara unheM nAnAprakAra kI yAtanAe~ dete haiM aura tIsarI pRthvI taka jA kara nArakoM ko bhayaMkara pIr3A pahu~cAte haiN| " narakapAla logoM ko daNDa pradAna karane ke lie vibhinna zastra kA prayoga karate haiM jo isa prakAra haiM- mudgara, musuMdi, karavata, zakti, hala, gadA, mUsala, cakra, kunta (bhAlA), tomara (bANa kA eka prakAra), zUla, lakuTa (lAThI), bhiNDimAla (pAla), saddhala (eka vizeSa prakAra kA bhAlA), paTTisa, drughaNa (vRkSa ko girAne vAlA

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jaina Agama-sAhitya meM naraka kI mAnyatA : 109 zastra vizeSa), mauSTika, muSTipramANa, asikheTaka (talavArasahita phalaka), kappiNI, kartikA (kaiMcI), vasulA (lakar3I chIlane kA aujAra), parazu (pharasA) tathA TaMka (chenii)|17 prAya: naraka meM vyaktiyoM ko pUrvajanma ke pApa kA smaraNa karAkara geMda ke AkAra vAlI kundakumbhI meM DAlakara pakAyA jAtA hai|58 zarIra kI camar3I udher3a kara tIkhI coMca vAle pakSI, jaMgalI jAnavara Adi khA jAte haiN| vyaktiyoM kA hAtha-paira bA~dhakara teja dhAra vAle ustarA se peTa cIrA jAtA hai| loga santApanI narakakumbhI meM cirakAla taka santApa bhogate haiN| isa bhUmi kA sparza hI itanA kaSTakara hotA hai, mAnoM hajAra bicchuoM ke DaMkoM kA eka sAtha sparza huA ho| kahA gayA hai ki --- tahA~ bhUmi parasata dukha iso, vIhU sahasa DaseM tana tiso|''19 naraka se prApta hone vAle mahAduHkha ko tIna prakAroM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- parasparakRta, kSetrajanya tathA paraadhArmika devkRt|20 jaina Agama sAhitya ke naraka-sambandhI mAnyatAoM ko dekhakara pratIta hotA hai ki naraka durAcAriyoM, asatyavAdiyoM kA sthAna hai jahA~ adhama andhakAra hai aura pApakarma ke AdhAra para narakapAla nArakIya jIvoM ko asahanIya kaSTa pradAna karate haiN| yaha sAmAnya janamAnasa ke lie bhI eka sandeza thA ki vo pApakarma se bace aura sadmArga kA cunAva kara mRtyuparAnta prApta hone vAle ina daNDoM se apanI rakSA kre| sandarbha-sUcI 1. sthAnAGgasUtra, navama sthAna, prathama uddezaka, pR0 669 (sampA0 madhukara muni), vyAvara, 1983 I0. 2-3. sUtrakRtAGga, paJcama adhyayana (prathama uddezaka narakavibhakti), pR0 572-73, sampA0 amaramunijI, paMjAba 1979 I0. 4. sUtrakRtAGga, paJcama adhyayana (prathama uddezaka- narakavibhakti), pR0 574. 5. jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra, tRtIya pratipati udvartanA, dvitIya uddezaka, pR0 251 (sampA0 - madhukara muni), vyAvara, 1989 I0. 6-7. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, pR0 28-29 (sampA0 madhukara muni), vyAvara 1983 I0. 8. sthAnAGgasUtra, sampA0 - madhukara muni,tRtIya uddezaka, paJcama sthAna, pR0 552. 9. vahI, tRtIya uddezaka, paJcama sthAna, pR0 516. 10. sUtrakRtAGga, prathama uddezaka, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 590

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110 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 11. vahI, pR0 593. 12-13. vahI, dvitIya uddezaka, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 615. 14. vahI, prathama uddezaka, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 575. 15. vahI, pR0 576, praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, pR0 30. 16. sUtrakRtAGga, prathama uddezaka, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 576-78. 17. praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 36-37. 18. vahI, pR0 30. 19. vahI, pR0 29. 20. sUtrakRtAGga, prathama uddezaka, paJcama adhyayana, pR0 575; praznavyAkaraNa, prathama zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, pR0 37.

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sAmAjika-rAjanaitika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna : anekAnta DaoN0 hemalatA boliyA Aja kA sAmAjika-rAjanaitika paridRzya kisI se achUtA nahIM hai| vartamAna meM samAja aura rAjanIti kI jo sthiti hai usase vAtAvaraNa na to svastha hI kahA jA sakatA aura na shaant| samAja kI laghutama ikAI parivAra hai, parivAroM ke samUha ko mohallA, eka samAna dharma-AcAra aura vizvAsoM tathA karma vAle parivAroM kA samUha jAti yA samudAya kahalAtA hai| yahI samudAya paraspara AvAgamana, sAMskRtika paryoM ke Ayojana, Arthika viniyojana ke mAdhyama se samAja kA svarUpa grahaNa karatA hai| vaha paraspara sAmaJjasya aura zAntimaya jIvana ke lie kucha niyama yA AcAra saMhitA banAtA hai, isa ke mAdhyama se vaha apane jIvana ke lakSya ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| __parivAra yA parivAroM ke vAtAvaraNa kA sAmUhika rUpa hI sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa hai; kintu viDambanA yaha hai ki Aja pratyeka parivAra meM bhautika sukha-samRddhi ke hote hue bhI tanAva kA dRzya dikhAyI detA hai| vyakti jo kucha socatA yA cAhatA hai vaisA lAbha yA apekSA kI pUrti parivAra ke anya sadasyoM se na hone ke kAraNa usakI soca kI prakriyA teja hokara nasoM meM khiMcAva paidA kara detI hai, jisase usake socane-samajhane kI zakti avaruddha ho jAtI hai, pariNAmasvarUpa parivAra ke anya sadasyoM ke prati usake mana meM krodha utpanna hotA hai| yahI krodha jaba jhuMjhalAhaTa meM badalatA hai to parivAra ke anya sadasyoM ke prati vizvAsa meM kamI aura TakarAhaTa utpanna karatA hai| yathA- sAsabahU ke prati aura bahU sAsa ke prati sazaMka ho uThatI hai| zaMkA kI sthiti unheM kucha chipAne ko bAdhya karatI hai, eka dUsare ke bar3hate Aropa-pratyAropa parivAra meM vighaTana-alagAva paidA karate haiN| phalata: donoM hI pakSa apane Apako asahAya anubhava karate haiN| usa asahAyatA kI anubhUti meM unheM artha mAtra- artha apanA avalambana pratIta hotA hai| sAsa cAhatI hai, artha para usakA Adhipatya rahe, usakI yojanAnusAra kArya ho, bahU bhI yahI apane pakSa meM cAhatI hai| yahI dvandva alagAva aura riztoM kI TUTana ko janma detA hai| phalasvarUpa ekala parivAra adhikAdhika arthArjana ko apanA lakSya *. saMskRta-vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura

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112 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 banA letA hai, use isa dhuna meM ucita-anucita kA viveka bhI nahIM rahatA aura zuru ho jAtI hai bhraSTAcAra, beImAnI, aizvarya pradarzana kI lalaka, pArivArika hiMsA, daheja pratAr3ana, utpIr3ana, naitika mUlyoM kA hrAsa, vRddhoM kI upekSA, nArI ke jIvana para dvidhA, bar3hatA bojha, dhArmika unmAda aadi| yahI krama parivAra ke samUhasvarUpa samudAya aura sAmAjika gatividhiyoM meM dRSTigata hotA hai| rAjanIti kA paridRzya bhI kucha aisA hI hai| rAjanIti kA artha hai---- 'rAjJa: nIti' arthAt zAsaka yA zAsana saMcAlana kI niiti| rAjanIti meM pracalita 'rAjana' zabda kA lokatantrAtmaka zAsana-paddhati meM artha hogA 'sattA yA sattArUr3ha dala kI nIti', usake apane siddhAnta, jinako kendra meM rakhakara vaha zAsana saMcAlana hetu dizA-nirdeza detA hai, karmacArItantra ko Adeza detA hai| rAjanIti kA Adarza vyavasthAoM kA niyamana, rASTra kI surakSA aura prajA kI samRddhi honA caahie| sabhI dala apanA Adarza bhI yahI batAte haiM; kintu yathArtha kucha aura hI dRzya dikhAtA hai| sattA yahA~ carama lakSya bana gayA hai| siddhAnta dikhAne ke dAMta raha gaye haiN| hara dala apanI sattA hetu sabhI taraha ke hathakaNDe apanAte haiN| phalata: kala taka jo samUha eka dala ke samarthana meM thA vaha dUsare pala pakSadroha kara dUsare dala ko samarthana de detA hai, isa andhI daur3a meM zAsana meM asthiratA, paraspara avizvAsa, artha ko anAvazyaka mahattva, ghoTAle, bhraSTAcAra, rAjanIti kA aparAdhIkaraNa, bhAI-bhatIjAvAda, rASTra-vimukhatA, sAMskRtika droha aura rASTradroha kI dehalIja pArakara zatruoM aura videzI kampaniyoM ke dastaka taka banane kI zRGkhalA zuru ho jAtI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke AvirbhAva ke samaya bhI kucha sthitiyA~ aisI hI rahI hoMgI tabhI unhoMne anekAnta ko vyAkhyAyita kiyaa| 'aneka anta: dharmA yasya sa anekAnta:' arthAt vastu meM vidyamAna ananta dharmoM kA yugapat svIkAra anekAnta hai| vastu eka hai usa para bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para usakI pRthak-pRthak vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| ata: anekAnta kA artha hai vibhinna koNoM yA pahaluoM se vastu kI akhaNDa sattA kA aakln| syAdvAdamaJjarI meM AcArya malliSeNa ne anekAnta kA lakSaNa kiyA hai 'anantadharmAtmakameva tattvamato'nyathA sattvamasapapAdam' arthAt pratyeka padArtha meM ananta dharma haiM, padArthoM meM ananta dharma mAne binA vastu kI siddhi nahIM hotii| bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki astitva aura nAstitva paraspara virodhI nahIM haiM apitu donoM sahabhAvI haiN| donoM sAtha meM rahakara hI vastu ko vAstavikatA pradAna karate haiN| isa prakAra ananta koNoM kA honA virodha nahIM hai| unakA hamArI buddhi kI pakar3a meM na AnA virodha pratIta hotA hai| yathA- kisI vastu ke viSaya meM eka dRSTi se kahI

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. sAmAjika-rAjanaitika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna : anekAnta : 113 gayI bAta saca hai to usI vastu ke viSaya meM dUsare dRSTikoNa se dekhI gayI bAta bhI utanI hI satya ho sakatI hai| eka dRSTikoNa se jo bAta satya hai, dUsare dRSTikoNa se vaha bAta asatya bhI ho sakatI hai| isa taraha eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM sAta nayoM se kahI gayI sAta bAteM eka sAtha satya, asatya aura satyAsatya ho sakatI haiN| yahI dRSTikoNa syAdvAda, saptabhaMgInaya yA anekAnta kahalAtA hai| ho sakatA hai jo bAta hama kaha rahe haiM, vaha dUsare ke samajha meM na Aye athavA jo bAta dUsarA kaha rahA hai vaha hamArI samajha meM na aaye| sAmAnyatayA AdamI apanI bAta ko satya aura dUsare kI bAta ko asatya siddha karane kA prayatna karatA hai| ata: tattvacintaka AcArya ne salAha dI tatrApi na dveSa kAryoM viSayavastu yatnato mRgyH| tasyApi ca sadvacanaM sarvaM ytprvcnaadnyt|| arthAt hamAre vacana se anyathA bAta kahane vAle vyakti se bhI dveSa nahIM karanA cAhie, vastu para vizeSa dhyAna dekara vicAra karanA caahie| ho sakatA hai usakA vacana bhI sadvacana ho| bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pravartita anekAnta ekadama navIna ho aisI bAta bhI nahIM hai, isake bIja hameM vaidika-sAhitya meM bhI milate haiM, jahA~ uSA ko 'purAtanI yuvatiH' kahA gayA haiN| brahma ko aneka devoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita eka hI tattva mAnate hue kahA hai-- ekaM sad viprAH bahudhA vdnti| indraM yamaM maatrishvaanmaahuH|| kintu mahAvIra ne sAr3he bAraha varSoM kI kaThora sAdhanA aura tapasyA ke bAda prApta satya ke darzana ko sarvata: dekhakara yaha anubhUti kI aura yahI anubhUti unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko dI ki dUsaroM kI bAta ko bhI suno, suno hI nahIM dhyAnapUrvaka suno| ho sakatA hai usameM bhI koI tathya ho aura zAnti-dhairya aura vizvAsa se usakI bAta sunakara apanI bAta kho| isa jIvana saMcAlana kI paddhati ko eka dRr3ha stambha ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara darzana meM sammilita kiyA hai| isa prakAra anekAnta kA siddhAnta maulika nahIM hai| maulika hai eka vastu meM aneka virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra aura prtipaadn| isIlie Aja yaha bhagavAn mahAvIra aura jainadharma-darzana kA paryAya bana gayA hai| vartamAna sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika arAjakatA, ulajhAva aura TUTana ke yuga meM yadi isa siddhAnta kA vyApaka samajha ke sAtha upayoga ho to pArasparika avizvAsa, vaimasya aura ApAdhApI ke isa jhaMjhAvAta kI gati meM avarodha A sakatA hai| vidveSa, anAcAra aura kadAcAra kI AMdhI ruka sakatI hai| parivAra meM sAsa yadi yaha samajha le

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114 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 ki dUsare ke ghara se AyI bahU jo kucha kaha rahI hai, vaha usa ghara ke pArivArika vAtAvaraNa jahA~ se vaha AyI hai usa dRSTikoNa se sahI ho sakatA hai| bahU yaha samajha le ki sAsa jo kucha kaha rahI hai vaha apane pati-parivAra ke khaTTe-mIThe anubhava ke AdhAra para kaha rahI hai| donoM dveSa chor3akara vastuniSTha vicAra kareM, eka-dUsare ke vicAra ko sammAna deM to pratidina ke kalaha TAle jA sakate haiN| kalaha ke abhAva meM paraspara prema aura vizvAsa banA rahegA, parivAra eka rahegA to alaga hone kI sthiti meM basAye jAne vAle aneka sAmAnoM ke sthAna para eka-eka samAna se hI kAma calegA, artha vyaya kama hogA aura sAdhanoM kA anAvazyaka AkarSaNa kama hogA, artha moha kI kamI se aneka duScakra ruka jaayeNge| kArya ke ThIka uttaradAyitvapUrNa vibhAjana se dvidhA bojha kama hogA aura paraspara prasannatA va zAnti rhegii| yahI zAnti aura samRddhi parivAra se samudAya meM aura samudAya se samAja taka jaayegii| . rAjanItika paTala para bhI mata-vAdoM evaM sva-siddhAnta prasAra ke Agraha ke kAraNa phailate jhagar3e kama hoMge, eka dUsare dvArA kahI huI bAta kA burA mAnane ke sthAna para dUsare ko sammAna dete hue usakA Adara karate hue apanI bAta kahI jAyegI aura dUsare ko bhI yadi yaha vizvAsa hogA ki merI ucita bAMta hamezA mAnI jAyegI to sattA moha kama hogA, sattA moha kA abhAva pArasparika 'AyArAma- gayArAma' kI nIti ko hatotsAhita karegA, zAsana meM sthiratA aayegii| rASTra tathA saMskRti rakSaNa sarvopari Adarza hoNge| phira hameM videziyoM ke hAthoM kaThaputalI nahIM bananA pdd'egaa| udyoga evaM karmacArItantra meM phailatI paraspara avizvAsa kI khAI, yUniyanoM ke paraspara jhagar3e evaM karmacArI varga para prabhutva jamAne kI rAjanIti ke sambandha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai| sarakAra aneka bAra yaha samajhatI hai ki karmacAriyoM kI yaha AvazyakatA ucita hai, use denA bhI cAhatI hai, phira bhI vaha cAhatI hai ki isa suvidhA ko dilAne kA zreya amuka saMgaThana ko denA hai to vaha svayaM saMketa karatI hai, har3atAla hotI haiM, deya suvidhA dI jAtI hai aura adeya suvidhAoM ke na milane kA doSa dUsare saMgaThanoM para DAlatI hai| usakA rAjanItika lAbha cunAva meM letI hai| yadi sarakAra sattA moha se haTakara deya suvidhAe~ binA parezAna kiye de de to avyavasthAyeM dUra ho sakatI haiN| sAtha hI karmacArI varga bhI yaha samajheM ki sarakAra jisa kArya ke lie paisA detI hai, hameM vaha kArya niSThA se karanA hai aura rAjasva kI bahatI saritA meM se apane ghara kI ora kulyAyeM na nikAle to zAyada sarakAra ke pAsa bhI Arthika taMgI na ho| phira paraspara tor3a-phor3a kI naubata na aaye| yaha tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba rAjanetA aura janasAmAnya ke jIvana kA aMga mahAvIra kI anekAnta dRSTi bne| anta meM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM siddhasena divAkara ke zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki "sindhu meM jaise saritAe~ milatI haiM vaise hI anekAnta dRSTi meM sArI dRSTiyA~ Akara

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- sAmAjika-rAjanaitika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna : anekAnta : 115 mila jAtI haiN|"5 ata: Aja AvazyakatA isa bAta ko hRdayaGgama karane kI hai ki "satya zabdAtIta hotA hai, vaha anubhUti kA hI viSaya hai vAcyatA meM usakA eka aMza hI grAhya hotA hai| bahudhA vyakti eka aMza ko hI pUrNa mAnakara AgrahazIla ho jAtA hai| isIlie mahAvIra ne zrotA aura vaktA, donoM ke vAcya aMza ko anya aMzoM se nirapekSa na karane kA cintana diyaa| isakA phalitArtha hai jo merA hai kevala vahI satya nahIM apitu dUsare ke pAsa jo hai vaha bhI satya ho sakatA hai| pUrNa satya anubhUti kA viSaya hai|"6 anta meM AcArya tulasI ke zabdoM meM- "hamArI sabase bar3I galatI yahI rahI hai ki tattva kI vyAkhyA meM hamane anekAnta ko jor3A para jIvana kI vyAkhyA meM use jor3anA bhUla gaye, jabaki mahAvIra ne jIvana ke hara koNa ke sAtha anekAnta ko jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai|'' ___ aba hameM bhI mahAvIra kI bhAMti jIvana ke hara pahalU ko anekAnta ke sAtha jor3ane kA satat prayatna karanA caahie| yadi isa dizA meM hama gatizIla hoMge to samasyAoM ke samAdhAna svata: hI ho jaayeNge| isase acchA upAya aura kyA ho sakatA hai ? anekAnta kA indradhanuSa, cintana ne jahA~ chuA hai| mahAvIra kA jIvana-darzana, sArthaka vahIM huA hai|| sandarbha-sUcI 1. kArikA-22. 2. draSTavya, 1/133-88 3. aparyayaM vastu samasyamAnamadravyametacca vivicymaanm| Adezabhedoditasapta bhaGgamadIdRzastvaM budhruupvedym|| syAdvAdamaJjarI, kArikA-23. 4. mUla uddharaNa SoDazaka 16/19. karmayogI kesarImala surANA abhinandana grantha, caturtha khaNDa, pR0 262. 5. draSTavya- muni nathamala, zramaNa mahAvIra, pR0 178. 6. muni mahendra kumAra 'prathama', mahAmAnava mahAvIra, mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, rur3akI 1994 I0. 7. samaNI kusuma prajJA, gurudeva tulasI, pR0 176.

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jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna DaoN0 zailabAlA zarmA jaina-samudAya atyadhika choTA samudAya hai| sampUrNa bhArata meM jainoM kI janasaMkhyA lagabhaga 40 lAkha hai| yadyapi ye alpasaMkhyaka haiM tathApi sampUrNa bhArata meM inakI anekoM saMsthAe~ sthApita haiM jo dhArmika, sAmAjika, zaikSaNika va anya dharmArtha kAryoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sthApita kI gayI haiN| mUlata: ye saMsthAe~ do prakAra kI haiM prathama ve jo dAna-dharma se sambandhita haiM tathA dUsarI ve jo jaina jAti ke utthAna evaM uddhAra heta sthApita kI gayI haiN| jaina-samudAya meM dhanADhya logoM kI adhikatA hone ke kAraNa ye sampUrNa bhArata meM kAphI saMkhyA meM saMsthA va saMgaThana ke saMcAlana meM samartha haiN| saMsthA ke saMcAlana hetu dhana kI vyavasthA sugamatApUrvaka ho jAtI hai| jo saMsthAe~ binA kisI bheda-bhAva ke mAnava jAti kI sevA evaM kalyANa meM lagI haiM unakA mUla uddezya anya jAtiyoM ko apane dharma ke mahattva ko samajhAnA hai| jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM kA vistAra karanA bhI isa saMsthAoM kA uddezya hai| jaina-samadAya ke loga cha: prakAra ke karttavyoM ko mahattva dete haiM jo unhoMne dUsaroM ke uddhAra hetu banAye haiN| ina karttavyoM ko ye cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karate haiN| ye cAra prakAra ke dAna kramaza: bhojana, rakSA, auSadhi evaM jJAna haiN| inheM kramaza: AhAradAna, abhayadAna, auSadhidAna va zAstradAna ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAjika saMsthAe~ . sAmAjika saMsthAe~ sampUrNa mAnava jAti ke hitoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sthApita kI gayI haiN| inameM sabase mahattvapUrNa hai- dharmazAlAe~ evaM vishraamgRh| bhArata ke pratyeka zahara evaM dhArmika sthaloM meM jaina-samudAya dvArA dharmazAlAe~ evaM vizrAmagRhoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| ye sampUrNa sukha-suvidhAoM se yukta haiM tathA inako muphta yA atyadhika kama daroM para yAtriyoM ko upalabdha karAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi ina dharmazAlAoM aura vizrAmagRhoM kI saMkhyA kitanI hai yaha jJAta nahIM hai, parantu anumAnata: sampUrNa bhArata meM inakI saMkhyA hajAroM meM hai| inakI vyavasthA evaM dekharekha meM hone vAlA vyaya jaina * zodha adhikArI, triloka uccastarIya adhyayana evaM anusandhAna saMsthAna, javAhara roDa, koTA- 324005 (rAjasthAna).

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jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna : 117 samAja dvArA vahana kiyA jAtA hai| pazuoM ke saMrakSaNa hetu "piMjarApola " nAmaka saMsthA jaina samudAya dvArA deza ke vibhinna zaharoM meM sthApita kI gayI hai| sAmAnyataH bImAra evaM anupayogI pazu jinako inake mAlikoM dvArA chor3a diyA jAtA hai tathA ve pazu jinako bUcar3akhAne le jAne ke pUrva pakar3A jAtA hai, unako yahA~ rakhA jAtA hai| yahA~ unake ilAja evaM cAre kI samucita vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| inake kharca kI sArI vyavasthA jaina saMsthAoM dvArA kI jAtI haiN| isake lie jaina samudAya dvArA jIvadayA janaprasAraka maNDala kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| sabhI zaharoM evaM gAMvoM meM auSadhAlaya evaM aspatAloM kA nirmANa bhI jaina saMsthAoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| yahA~ sabhI jAti, dharma evaM sampradAyoM ke lie niHzulka cikitsA kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| isake sAtha hI muphta yA atyadhika kama dAmoM meM davAiyoM kI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| jaina saMsthAe~ sAmAnyataH Ayurvedika cikitsA suvidhAe~ upalabdha karAtI haiN| sAdhana sampanna jainabandhu ina saMsthAoM ko dAna dekara inakI vyavasthA meM sahAyatA pradAna karate haiN| zaikSaNika saMsthAoM jaise-- skUloM, mahAvidyAlayoM, pustakAlayoM Adi kA nirmANa evaM saMcAlana bhI jaina saMsthAoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| ye saMsthAe~ anudAna kI rAzi para AdhArita hotI haiN| ye anudAna svecchA se dhanADhya logoM dvArA pradAna kiye jAte haiN| isake atirikta ApAtakAlIna paristhitiyoM jaise bAr3ha, durbhikSa, akAla evaM kisI durghaTanA Adi meM bhI ye saMsthAe~ yathAsambhava Arthika sahAyatA evaM madada pradAna karatI haiN| isa prakAra kI eka saMsthA bambaI meM 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kalyANa kendra' ke nAma se sthApita kI gayI hai| isake mAdhyama se bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM jaise rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, bihAra, karnATaka Adi meM kaI upayogI kArya kiye jA rahe haiM / 4 dhArmika saMsthAe~ kucha saMsthAe~ pUrNataH dhArmika pravRtti kI hotI haiN| inakA pUrNa sAmAjika evaM zaikSaNika AdhAra jainadharma evaM jaina granthoM para AdhArita hotA hai| ina saMsthAoM kA prathama uddezya dhArmika pustakoM evaM granthoM kA saMrakSaNa karanA hotA hai| inako grantha bhaNDAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| sampUrNa bhArata meM jainoM ke bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM hastalikhita grantha haiM jinake saMrakSaNa hetu kaI jaina saMsthAe~ varSoM se kAryarata haiN| karnATaka, gujarAta, mahArASTra evaM rAjasthAna meM aneka jaina-grantha bhaNDAra haiN| inameM saMrakSita pANDulipiyoM ke prakAzana hetu ye saMsthAe~ kAryarata haiN| prArambha meM jaina granthoM kA prakAzana dharma viruddha mAnA jAtA thaa| pustakoM kA prakAzana evaM prakAzita pustakeM mandira meM le jAnA varjita thaa| jo vyakti pustakoM ko prakAzita karavAtA unako jaina samAja se niSkAsita kara

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118 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 diyA jAtA thaa| dhIre-dhIre jainoM ne ina vicAroM ko badalanA prArambha kiyA tathA kaI jaina kendroM kI sthApanA kI gayI, jahA~ ina alabhya, hastalikhita granthoM ke prakAzana kA kArya prArambha kiyA gyaa| Aja sampUrNa bhArata meM anekoM jaina prakAzana saMsthAna sthApita haiM jo jaina granthoM ke sampAdana evaM prakAzana meM pUrNarUpa se saMlagna haiN|6 rAjasthAna meM mahAvIra kalyANaka kendra kI ora se eka zodha saMsthAna kA saMcAlana lagabhaga 45 varSoM se ho rahA hai| prArambha meM isakA nAma Amera zAstra bhaNDAra thA tatpazcAt anusandhAna vibhAga, sAhitya zodha vibhAga nAma pdd'aa| vartamAna meM isakA nAma jaina vidyA zodha saMsthAna hai| yaha jayapura meM sthApita hai| inake atirikta jayapura meM mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jaina itihAsa prakAzana saMsthAna, prAkRta-bhAratI akAdamI, apabhraMza-sAhitya akAdamI Adi pramukha akAdamika saMsthAna haiN| inake atirikta rAjasthAna meM jaina vizva bhAratI (lADanUM), Agama-ahiMsA, samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna (udayapura), prAkRta adhyayana prasAra saMsthAna (udayapura), jaina vidyA saMsthAna (zrI mahAvIra jI) Adi pramukha zaikSaNika zodha saMsthAna haiN| uparokta saMsthAoM ke atirikta zrI devakumAra jaina zodha saMsthAna (ArA), pArzvanAtha vidyApITha (vArANasI), vIra sevA mandira (naI dillI), prAkRta jJAna bhAratI (baiMgalora), jaina-sAhitya zodha saMsthAna (AgarA), digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna (u0pra0), gaNezavarNI zodha saMsthAna (vArANasI), prAkRta jaina zAstra evaM ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna (bihAra), lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira (ahamadAbAda), bhogIlAla laheracanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna (dillI), kundakunda bhAratI (nayI dillI), zrImatI ramA jaina zodha saMsthAna (karnATaka), seTha bakhtAvara risarca insTITyUTa (madrAsa), AcArya vidyAsAgara zodha saMsthAna (madhya pradeza), anekAnta (kumbhoja), muni vidyAnanda zodha saMsthAna (u0pra0), ratnatraya zikSA evaM zodha saMsthAna (dillI), syAdavAda zodha saMsthAna (madhya pradeza), kundakunda jJAnapITha (ma0pra0), bhagavAna mahAvIra risarca seNTara (mahArASTra), risarca phAuNDezana phaoNra jainolaoNjI (madrAsa), prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA vikAsa phaNDa (ahamadAbAda), digambara jaina zodha pratiSThAna (madhya pradeza), Adi pramukha jaina zodha saMsthAe~ sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM phailI huI haiM jinake mAdhyama se jaina vidyA ke vibhinna pakSoM para uccastarIya zodhakArya kiyA jA rahA hai| zodha evaM prakAzana saMsthAna ke sAtha-sAtha sampUrNa bhArata meM kaI pustakAlayoM kA bhI jaina saMsthAoM dvArA nirmANa kiyA gayA jinake mAdhyama se prakAzita jaina pustakeM Ama janatA taka pahu~cAyI jA skeN| apane dharma ke vistAra kA jo utsAha jaina-samudAya meM dekhane ko milatA hai vaha anyatra dikhAI nahIM detaa| apane sAhitya ke pracAra-prasAra hetu ye tIvra gati se prayAsarata haiN|

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jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna : 119 20vIM zatAbdI se pUrva dhArmika evaM sAmAjika dRSTi se jainadharma meM koI saMgaThana nahIM thaa| sAmAnyata: 19vIM zatAbdI taka bhaTTArakagaNa samAja ke saMcAlaka the, jinakI sthApanA prAya: madhyakAla meM huI thii| sambhavata: muslima zAsakoM ne jaba jaina munijanoM ke viruddha nagnatA virodhI abhiyAna zuru kiyA tabhI dharma kI rakSA hetu bhaTTArakoM kA udbhava huaa| bhaTTAraka hI dhArmika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA karate the| sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI inakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahatI thii| ye na kevala dharma sandeza kA apitu jaina-samudAya ko saMgaThita karane kA mahattvapUrNa kArya bhI karate the| parantu 20vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTArakoM kA prabhAva lagabhaga nagaNya ho gayA aura inakA sthAna sthAnIya paMcAyatoM ne le liyaa| jaina-samudAya dvArA kucha dhArmika saMsthAna sthApita kiye gaye haiM jinameM jainadharma-sambandhI zikSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| ina saMsthAnoM kA svayaM kA zikSA borDa hotA hai jo parIkSAe~ Ayojita karatA hai| yadyapi vartamAnakAla meM dhArmika zikSA para AdhArita saMsthAnoM kA mahattva kama ho gayA hai tathApi kucha saMsthAe~ jaise zrI syAdavAda mahAvidyAlaya, (vArANasI), jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, (lADanUM, rAjasthAna) dhArmika zikSA meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhA rahI haiN| zaikSaNika saMsthAe~ jaina-samudAya dvArA aneka zaikSaNika saMsthAoM kI sthApanA kI gayI jisameM zikSA ke sAtha-sAtha dharma kA bhI samAveza kiyA gyaa| deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM jainavidyA vibhAga haiN| isameM jaina anuzIlana kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura (rAjasthAna), jainavidyA evaM prAkRta-vibhAga, mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya (udayapura), jainavidyA vibhAga, karnATaka vizvavidyAlaya (dhAravAr3a), zramaNa vidyA saMkAya, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya (vArANasI, u0pra0), jaina-darzana vibhAga, (saMskRta-vidyA dharma-vijJAna saMkAya), kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI (u0pra0), saMskRta prAkRta-vibhAga, pUnA vizvavidyAlaya (mahArASTra), pAli-prAkRta-vibhAga, kurukSetra vizvavidyAlaya (hariyANA), prAkRta-vibhAga, rAnI durgAvatI vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura (ma0pra0), jainavidyA-vibhAga, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya, maisUra (karnATaka), pAli-prAkRta-vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya (mahArASTra), jainavidyA-vibhAga, madrAsa vizvavidyAlaya (madrAsa) tathA prAkRta-vibhAga, gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda (gujarAta) Adi pramukha haiN| laukika evaM dhArmika zikSA eka sAtha pradAna karane hetu jaina-samudAya dvArA kaI AvAsIya skUla evaM vidyAlayoM kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| inako 'gurukula' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi isameM vizvavidyAlayoM kI bhAMti hI viSayoM kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA hai tathApi isake sAtha-sAtha jainadharma kI niHzulka zikSA pradAna kI jAtI hai| jina sthAnoM para gurukula upalabdha nahIM hai vahA~ borDiMga hAusa evaM chAtrAvAsa kI suvidhAe~ vidyArthiyoM ko pradAna kI gayI haiN| bhArata ke lagabhaga samasta bar3e zaharoM meM jo zikSA ke kendra

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120 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 haiM vahA~ jaina chAtrAvAsa evaM borDiMga suvidhAe~ AsAnI se upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| yahA~ jaina vidyArthiyoM ko hI muphta AvAsIya suvidhAe~ dI jAtI haiN| jo vidyArthI inameM nivAsa karate haiM ve kisI bhI vidyAlaya yA vizvavidyAlaya se zikSA grahaNa karane hetu svatantra hote haiM; kintu inako jainadharma-sambandhI zikSA bhI prApta karanA anivArya hotA hai| isameM pratidina mandira jAnA evaM rAtri bhojana kA tyAga Avazyaka hai|12 ___ jo vidyArthI zikSA kA kharca vahana karane meM asamartha hote haiM unake lie jaina saMsthAoM dvArA chAtravRtti evaM RNa dene kA prAvadhAna bhI hai| isake lie eka zaikSaNika phaNDa kI vyavasthA hotI hai jisake antargata garIba vidyArthiyoM ko Arthika sahAyatA dI jAtI hai| dAtravRtti dete samaya yaha dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki vidyArthI jaina jJAti kA aura sAtha hI dhArmika ruci vAlA bhI ho| ye saMsthAe~ garIba va anAtha baccoM ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detI haiN| ye saMsthAe~ kaI prakAra kI hotI haiM eka ve jo sirpha digambara jainoM ke lie haiM dUsarI zvetAmbara jainoM hetu evaM kucha aisI bhI hotI haiM jo sabhI jAtiyoM ke vidyArthiyoM ko sahAyatA pradAna karatI haiN| RNa lene vAle vidyArthiyoM ko yaha suvidhA pradAna kI jAtI hai ki apanI zikSA samApti ke pazcAt ve thor3I-thor3I kistoM meM RNa kI rAzi cukA skeN|13 jaina samAja ke utthAna hetu sthApita saMsthAe~ jaina samAja ke utthAna hetu aneka jaina saMsthAe~ jainoM dvArA sthApita kI gayI haiN| ye saMsthAe~ sAmAnyataH do prakAra kI haiM- prathama dharma para AdhArita saMsthAe~, dUsarIjJAti vizeSa se sambandhita sNsthaaeN| dharma para AdhArita sampUrNa digambara samudAya kA pratinidhitva karane vAle saMgaThanoM meM bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI Adi pramukha haiN| jAtIya saMgaThanoM se sambandhita saMsthAoM meM khaNDelavAla jaina mahAsabhA, setavAla jaina mahAsabhA, golApura jaina mahAsabhA Adi haiN|14 zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA ..20vIM zatAbdI meM digambara jaina samAja ne apane astitva ko surakSita rakhane ke lie akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA kA gaThana kiyaa| isakA mukhya uddezya jaina samAja meM navacetanA jAgRta karanA tathA pUre samAja meM azikSA, andhavizvAsa, bAlavivAha jaisI kurIti ko samApta karanA hai|5 akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina pariSad isakI sthApanA 26 janavarI 1923 ko dillI meM kI gyii| jaina-granthoM ke prakAzana tathA janagaNanA meM svayaM ko jaina likhavAne ke kAryoM meM pariSad ne mahattvapUrNa - yogadAna diyA hai| inhoMne sampUrNa samAja meM apanA sandeza prasArita karane hetu 'vIra'

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jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna : 121 nAmaka patrikA ke prakAzana prArambha kara saphalatApUrvaka lambe samaya taka isakA saMcAlana kiyaa| 16 zrI digambara jaina mahAsamiti isakI sthApanA san 1975 meM kI gyii| isakA mukhya uddezya digambara jaina samAja meM ekatA, samanvaya evaM pAramparika prema kI bhAvanA jAgRta karanA hai| yaha digambara jaina samAja kA sabase bar3A evaM sazakta pratinidhitva karane vAlA saMgaThana aura jaina samAja kI ekatA kA pratIka hai| 17 zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina zAntivIra siddhAnta saMrakSiNI sabhA isa saMsthA kA nirmANa mukhya rUpa se dhArmika kriyA-kalApoM evaM gatividhiyoM ke saMcAlana hetu kiyA gyaa| isI saMsthA se " jainadarzana" nAmaka patra ke prakAzana bhI prArambha kiyA gayA / 18 bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina zAstri pariSad isakI sthApanA san 1920 meM huii| isakA mukhya uddezya sampUrNa digambara jaina vidvAnoM ko eka maMca para lAnA tathA unameM dharma, saMskRti evaM sAhitya kI sevA kI bhAvanA jAgRta karanA hai| bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvat pariSad isakI sthApanA 2 pharavarI 1948 meM kalakattA meM huii| isa saMsthA kA mUla uddezya digambara vidvAnoM ko ekasUtra meM bAMdhanA, unameM sAhityika abhiruci tathA samAja meM jAgRti paidA karanA hai| 19 bhAratavarSIya digambara jainatIrtha kSetra kameTI zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA ke aMga ke rUpa meM 24 navambara 1930 meM bhAratavarSIya tIrtha saMrakSiNI mahAsabhA kI sthApanA huI / 2deg digambara jainatIrtha kSetroM, jina mandiroM, pratimAoM, jaina kalAkRtiyoM evaM dharma AyatanoM kI rakSA evaM vyavasthA hI isa saMsthA kA mUla uddezya hai| tIrtha kSetroM ke saMrakSaNa evaM jIrNoddhAra kA sampUrNa kArya isa saMsthA dvArA saMcAlita kiyA jAtA hai| akhila bhAratavarSIya saMsthAoM ke atirikta 20vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM jina jAtIya mahAsabhAoM kI sthApanA huI usameM khaNDelavAla jaina mahAsabhA pramukha hai| isakI sthApanA 28 pharavarI 1919 ko bambaI meM huii| isakA mukhya uddezya apanI jJAti kA saMgaThana, jAti sudhAra, zikSA kA pracAra-prasAra evaM jAtIya saMgaThanoM ke nAma se vidyAlayoM

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122 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 kI sthApanA karanA hai| isI saMsthA dvArA 'khaNDelavAla jaina hitecchu' patra ke prakAzana kA kArya bhI prArambha kiyA gayA thaa|21 20vIM zatAbdI meM jaina samAja, saMskRti, darzana va dharma ke utthAna hetu aneka jaina patra-patrikAoM ke prakAzana kA kArya bhI prArambha ho gyaa| inameM jaina gajaTa (1895), jaina mitra (1900), jaina hitaiSI (1904), jainasiddhAnta bhAskara (1912), jaina mahilAdarza (1921), zramaNa (1939), jaina sandeza, tIrthaGkara, zodhAdarza, ahiMsA sandeza, anekAnta, vIravANI, tulasIprajJA, titthayara, arhatavacana Adi pramukha haiN| ye patra-patrikAe~ sajaga praharI kI bhAMti jaina samAja evaM saMskRti ke utthAna evaM pracAra-prasAra meM saMlagna haiN|22 / pichale kucha varSoM meM jaina-samudAya ne eka sAmudAyika saMgaThana evaM saMsthA kI sthApanA kI hai| isa saMsthA kA mukhya uddezya jarUratamanda vyaktiyoM ko AvAsa upalabdha karAnA hai| isa prakAra kI saMsthA kA prArambha sarvaprathama bambaI evaM ahamadAbAda meM huaa| aba dhIre-dhIre lagabhaga samasta bhArata meM inakA vikAsa ho rahA hai| isa saMsthA kA mukhya uddezya jainoM ko saste evaM upayukta daroM para AvAsa upalabdha karAnA hai| yaha saMsthA pUrNata: jAtIya evaM kSetrIya AdhAra para vikasita kI gayI hai| kucha sthAnoM meM baiMkiMga saMsthAe~ bhI sthApita kI gayI haiM, parantu abhI inakA pUrNa vikAsa nahIM ho sakA hai| uccastarIya sAhitya ke prakAzana hetu 'bhAratIya jJAnapITha' nAmaka saMsthA kI sthApanA pharavarI 1944 meM kI gyii|23 isake pUrva jaina-sAhitya prakAzana kI koI uccastarIya prakAzana saMsthA nahIM thii| isa saMsthA dvArA jaina dharma-darzana, sAhitya aura kalA ke kSetra meM pramANika sAhitya ke prakAzana kA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA gyaa| sArAMzata: kahA jA sakatA hai ki 20vIM zatAbdI meM jaina samAja ko sahI rAha dikhAne meM jaina saMsthAoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| ina saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama se hI jaina samAja gatizIlatA evaM pragatizIlatA ke patha para agrasara ho skaa| jaise-jaise jaina samAja kI Arthika samRddhi meM vRddhi huI vaise-vaise jaina-samudAya kA dRSTikoNa vyApaka evaM pragatizIla banatA gyaa| isI dRSTikoNa ne aneka sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, zaikSaNika evaM dhArmika saMsthAoM ko janma diyaa| jaina samAja ke samRddha vyaktiyoM ne mukta hasta se ina saMsthAoM ke vikAsa evaM vistAra hetu anudAna pradAna kiyaa| ina saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina samudAya ne eka ora itara jainoM kA apane prati sadbhAva arjita kiyA vahIM dUsarI ora inhoMne sAmpradAyika sauhArda sthApita karane meM apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii|

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jaina saMsthAe~ evaM samAja meM unakA yogadAna : 123 sandarbha-sUcI 1. vilAsa, e. saMgave, jaina kamyuniTI, e sozala sarve, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bambaI 1980 IsvI, pR0 266. riporTa oNpha mahAvIra kalyANa kendra, bambaI 1970 IsvI, jaina zvetAmbara DAyarekTarI, aMka 1-2, pR. 5 22. vilAsa e0 saMgave, pUrvokta, pR. 267. 4. ema0bI0 jhaverI, hisTaoNrikala phaikTsa ebAuTa jainijma, 1925 IsvI, pR0 17-18. parameSThIdAsa jaina, 'jaina samAja ke bIsavIM sadI ke pramukha Andolana' premI abhinandana grantha, TIkamagar3ha 1946 IsvI, pR0 653. sI0DI0 dalAla evaM ela0 bI0 gAMdhI, DiskripTiva kaiTalaoNga oNpha mainyuskripTas ina jaina bhaNDAra aiTa jaisalamera, baDodarA 1923 I0. 7. kapUracanda jaina, prAkRta evaM jainavidyA zodha sandarbha, khataulI 1991. trilokacanda koThArI, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha, koTA, 2001 I0, pR0 94-114 evaM vidyAdhara joharApurakara, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 7-17. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina samAja kA bRhad itihAsa, jayapura 1992 . I0, pR0 10. 10. DaoN0 kapUracanda jaina, prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA zodha sandarbha, pUrvokta, pR0 19-23. 11. veda vIra zikSA vizeSAMka, 1967, aMka 36, pR0 37-41, 62-70. 12. vilAsa e0 saMgave, pUrvokta, pR0 274-75. 13. vahI, pR0 275. 14. vahI, pR0 10-11. 15. hukamacanda abhinandana grantha, pR0 418-422. 16. kAsalIvAla, pUrvokta, pR0 10. 17. trilokacanda koThArI, digambara jaina samAja, vaicArika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika darzana : bIsavIM zatAbdI kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, zodhaprabandha 1999-2000, pR0 213. 18. vahI, pR0 220.

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124 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara 2002 19. paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana grantha, vArANasI 1985 I0, pR0 517-520. 20. koThArI, pUrvokta, pR0 220 evaM prAcIna tIrtha jIrNoddhAra traimAsika patrikA, varSa 3, aMka 14, apraila 2002, pR0 53. 21. saMgave, pUrvokta, pR0 271 evaM kAsalIvAla, pUrvokta, pR0 12. 22. trilokacanda koThArI, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha, koTA 2001 I0, pR0 191. 23. kAsalIvAla, pUrvokta, pR0 22.

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Jaina Kosa Literature Dr. Ashok Kumar Singh* Nature & Scope Kosa, also spelled as Kosa, means in literary sense a dictionary, lexicon or a poetical collection, of sentence. The meaning of the Kosa brings under its fold lexicons, encyclopaedia, concordance, glossary, gazetteer, thesaurus and index. Its meaning collection of sentences and poetical collections makes it considerably broad-based, especially in the context of Ancient Indian literature. A large number of texts have come out in form of Namamala, Namamalakosa, Namamalika (glossary), Nighanta, Nighanti, Nighantuka (collection of word, Vocabulary), Samuccaya (collection), Sangraha (collection), Ratnamala (collection of various works) and Ratnakara. If works ending with above-mentioned titles are included in this section, the number of works will fairly increase because collections of Subhasitas (anthologies), Kathagranthas (narrative literature) and stotras have to be treated herein. Hence, those collections dealing with narratives etc. have to be dealt in their respective sections. Classification of Kosas (Dictionaries): Strictly speaking, the compiling of dictionaries, termed lexicography, is regarded as a branch of applied linguistics. The study of words, their meanings, forms, derivations and development is called lexicon. These vary widely in size, comprehensiveness, purpose and quality. These may be sorted out into several categories, not necessarily mutually exclusive, such as, etymological, technical, specialised, dialect, bilingual and polyglot, and general purpose. A number of dictionaries are devoted to etymology. Bilingual works are generally of this sort. A number of polyglot lexicons are also available, containing terms pertaining to special field in several languages. Technical and special lexicons include of terms used in Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy and Astrology etc. The general-purpose dictionary is often encyclopaedic. * Senior Lecturer, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi.

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126 : Sramana/July-December 2002 The scholars have attempted to present a classification of the dictionaries. The Kosas, mainly ancient and mediaeval and to some extent modern, may be termed as Ekartha (synonymous)- listing words with the same meaning and Anekartha and Nanartha (homonymous)- listing words with the different meanings (Anekartha and Nanartha). However, important synonymous dictionaries have homonymous sections as well. In neither of the two is followed the alphabetical order. It was not felt essential because the Kosas were to be kept in memory any way. That does not imply that the arrangement of the words in them is arbitrary. It follows other principles. The longer articles are treated first and the shorter ones later. The common final endings or beginnings may decide their grouping, so may the common gender. The words generally appear in the nominative, singly or the compound as per the exigencies of the metre, as also the meanings, except in the locative. i.gain, if not mentioned, it is indicated by the use of the word in that gender. Some dictionaries have a section on gender at the end. Occasionally the compilers of dictionaries give rather long explanations of words. Normally clubbing of an unfamiliar word with a familiar one indicates the meaning. Encyclopaedia Britannica classified dictionaries, prepared after 17th cent. onward as Historical- scholarly dictionaries, pronouncing dictionaries, Technical and specialised dictionaries and General purpose dictionaries. Modern linguists also attempted to classify the Kosa literature. An eminent Indian linguist Dr. Bhola Nath Tiwari first pointed out the basis for the classification viz.: (1) Objective, (2) Language, (3) Entries, (4) Period, (5) Meaning, (6) Arrangement of Entries and (7) Specific purposes. To elaborate (1) Objective, the main objectives of the Kosas may be to provide meaning, Pratisabda (substitute words), Synonyms, Antonyms, Introduction, Analysis, Usage, Etymology, Pronunciation and Collection. There are meanings in the dictionaries, substitute word in comparative technical dictionaries of two or more than two languages, synonyms and antonyms in dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms, respectively. Etymology and Pronunciation are contained in their respective dictionaries, Usage in dictionary of usage, Introduction in encyclopaedic dictionary while Introduction and Discussion in subject dictionaries. Collection contains extracts, Anthologies and word indexes. Some dictionaries may serve the multi- purpose, combining two or more

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 127 purposes at a time i.e. a single dictionary dealing with meaning, etymology and introduction. (2) Language, the dictionaries may be Uni-lingual, Bi-lingual and Polyglot. (3) Entries, the nature of dictionaries may differ as per the entries of words (general words, technical words, geographical, historical and mythological proper names, idioms and proverbs. (4) Period, some may deal with the words of a specific period while others in historical perspective showing evolution. (5) Meaning, dictionaries may deal with words of similar meanings, antonyms, single meanings etc. (6) Arrangement of Entries, mostly the dictionaries of modern period are arranged in alphabetical order while a few ones list words as per the number of syllables in the words. A few ones also have arrangement of words in reverse order. Again, some contain words arranged according to the alphabet of the roots. All the allied words pertaining to a root are clubbed under the particular root and (7) Specific Purpose, from this view -point the dictionaries may be twofold: General and Linguistics. According to Prof. Tiwari, the Kosas or dictionaries may be broadly divided into three categories: (1) Dictionary of words, (2) Dictionary of Subject and (3) Others. (1) The former category Dictionary of words may again be sub-classified into that of (i) words of a particular work, (ii) words of a work or works of a particular author, (iii) words of a particular genre e.g. prose or poetry, Purana, Campu etc. (iv) particular period, (v) dialects, (vi) languages, (vii) Synonym, (viii) Antonym, (ix) Abbreviation, (x) Homonyms, (xi) Usage, (xii) Index, (xiii) Technical terms, (xiv) Word- family, (xv) Roots, (xvi) Rhythms, (xviii) Descriptive Dictionary, (xviii) Historical Dictionary, (xix) Comparative Dictionary, (xx) Pronunciation Dictionary and (xxi) Etymological dictionary. (2) Second category Visayakosas or Dictionaries of subject may be classified into that of (A) single subject: (i) Kosa, (ii) Encyclopaedia, (iii) Technical and (iv) Collection of Anthology, (B) Multi-subject: (i) Encyclopaedia, (ii) Dictionary of Proper names and (iii) Collection of anthology. Most of the above sub-types are self-explanatory making the explanation superfluous. However, the nature of some of these is given henceforth for better comprehension. The Dictionary is a

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128 : Sramana/July-December 2002 general name for an alphabetically ordered wordbook, consisting of words and usually idiomatic phrases, combining forms and affixes, customarily listed in alphabetical order and followed variously, by information about their grammatical forms and functions, etymologies, meanings, synonyms, antonyms and illustrative quotations, sometimes dated to show the earliest known uses in specified senses. Although the dictionary is thus a general name for an alphabetically ordered wordbook, the term is distinguished from encyclopaedia, concordance, glossary, gazetteer, thesaurus and index. An encyclopaedia is a publication often in many volumes, containing articles of essential information about vis, ially all areas of knowledge, or about a particular area of knowledge, comprehensively treated. These articles are usually arranged alphabetically by topic and cross-references are ordinarily employed, together with an index. A dictionary that contains information characteristic of an encyclopaedia is called encyclopaedic. A concordance is an alphabetic list of the locutions; usually the principal words in a book. A glossary is a collection or list, usually in alphabetic order, of textual glosses or of terms relating to a particular area of knowledge or usage, often followed by definitions, annotations or both. A gazetteer is a dictionary of geographical names. A reference book of alphabetically ordered names of eminent persons, followed by informative articles about them, and is usually called a biographical dictionary. An index is a list, usually of alphabetic, of locutions, topics, names, titles; etc. especially of those dealt with or mentioned in a particular publication to which it refers. History of dictionaries: The earliest form of the dictionaries is available in the form of dictionary of words or lexicon. Today, the art of making dictionary comes under the purview of lexicographythe compiling or writing of the dictionaries. Among the oldest works in lexicography in Sanskrit are the collections of Vedic terms, explained by Yaska in his etymological treatise, the Nirukta. These collections differ in many respects from the dictionaries, the Kosas of latter period. Firstly, as regards the purpose, that of the Nighantu was the interpretation of the sacred texts. In the case of the Kosas, it was to supply words to poets and writers and to acquaint them with their precise meanings and gender. The second pertains to their being

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 129 restricted to any particular subject or ott. "wise. The Nighantus are limited to a particular text, while the Kosas do not have any such restriction, drawing words as they do from all types of works. The third, pertains to their form, the Nighantus are in prose and Kosas are in verse, mostly in the Anustubh and sometimes in the Arya metre. The Kosas were purposely written in verse probably because of their being more conducive to memorisation. Placing sufficient vocabulary at the disposal of a perspective writer was the prime motive of Kosa writers. Just as in grammar, Panini has stolen the limelight so among lexicographers, Amarsingh, the compiler of the celebrated Namalinganusasana, known as Amarakosa after his name. There did precede him lexicographers like Bhaguri (sabdakosa), Vyali (Utpalini), Katyayana, credited with the compilation of the Namamala, Vacaspati and Vikramaditya, the compilers of sabdarnava and Sansaravarta, respectively. Nevertheless, these Kosa works are not available today. The great indologist AC 'Woolner may be credited to provide for the first time the details of Sanskrit Kosa works. In the commentary on Sivakosa of Sivadatta, there is mention of Kosa works and Kosakaras, 51 in aggregate, namely Sabdarnava, Medinivisva, Dhanvantari, Bhavamisvaksta by Simha, Rajanighantu, Amaramala by Keyadeva, Abhidhana Cudamani, Amara, Ajaya Dallana, HIdayadipaka, Vacaspati, Vapyacandra, Ashokamalla, Vagbhata, Madanavinoda, Trikandasesa, Haima, Bopadeva, Rabhasa, Locana, Dharmistha, Devala, Halayudha, Svami, Dvirupakosa, Namamala, Haravali, Madanavinoda, Anekarthadhvani-Manjari, Kesava, Kesaramala, Galava, Gunaratnamala, Dharani, Namagunamala, Purusottama, Madanapala, Nighanku, Ratnakosa, Rantideva, Vidvadvaidyavallabha, Vaijayanti, Vyadi, sasvatakosa , sivaprakasa, Sivadatt, , Hattacandra, Hemadri etc. The Amarakosa (5th cent. AD) is the earliest among the published Kosas. Probably, contemporary to Amara is Saraswata, whose homonymous work, the Anekarthasamuccaya devotes sometimes a whole verse or a part thereof to explain the term. Among other works the Abhidhananamamala of Halayudha(c. AD 950) and the Vaijayanti of the Yadavaprakasa (c. 1050 AD), the latter rather voluminous, are notable. Mahesvara composed Visvaprakasa (AD 1111) and

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130 : Sramana/July-December 2002 Sabdabhedaprakasa. The poet Mankha composed Anekarthakosa (AD 1150) in Kasmira. Purusottamadeva (13th cent. AD) provided the supplement to Amarasingh's Kosa, under the title Trikandasesa and compiled short independent work, the Haravali. These are the few specimens of the large number of the lexicons of Vedic tradition. To enlist all the Kosa works of this tradition is neither intended nor viable here in this section. In the Jaina tradition, the practice of compiling dictionaries coincided with the writing of Jaina canons itself. The third and fourth Anga texts, Sthananga and Samavayanga treat the subjects according to their numbers. Thus, the earliest monument of this genre, in Jaina tradition, is in Ardhamagadhi. As regards the Jaina Kosa works in Sanskrit that of Sakatayana, preceding Panini (c. 5th cent. B.C.), is the earliest. A lexicon by Pujyapada), not available today, is also referred to. The other prominent works in Jaina tradition are by Dhananjaya, Hemacandra etc.. Dhananjaya compiled between (11131140 AD), his Namamala and Anekarthasangraha. Abhidhanacintamani, Nighantusesa, Anekarthasangraha, Nighantasamaya and Desinamamala belonged to the prolific Jaina writer Acarya Hemacandra. But prior to both these Dhanapal (c.9th cent. AD) compiled for his sister Sundari, a Prakrit dictionary Paiyalacchi, used by Hemacandra for his Desinamamala, a compilation of Desi words. Jainas have a large corpus of Sanskrit and Prakrit lexicographical literature, listing an enormous number of words in their immense variety of meanings. As the language grew with the incorporation of new words whether of Indian or foreign origin there are deep imprints of foreign influence in disciplines like astronomy, astrology, medicine, natural and physical sciences and also as meanings underwent change due to natural processes, the need was felt to compile newer and newer dictionaries, to incorporate all the new material in addition to retaining the old one. Hence the compiling of a big crop of dictionaries and lexicons over the centuries. Before presenting the detail of the works, a brief survey of this literature will be in order. For convenience in presentation, the relevant Jaina works of this genre have been grouped under a number of heads: Ekarthaka, Anekarthaka, Aksaratmaka (Syllabic), Prakrit

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 131 Kosa, Sanskrit Kosa, Ardhamagadhikosa, Apabhramsakosa, Desisabdakosa, Vyutpatyatmaka (Etymological), Visvakosa (Encyclopaedic), Paribhasika (Technical), Vyaktikosa (Biographical), Visayakosa (Subject dictionary), Index, Sangrahakosa (dictionary of collections), Kosas in Tamil, Kosas in Kannada and Other Kosas. Ekarthaka: Ekarthakosa, containing synonyms of about 1700 Prakrit words, Ladnun 1984. Anekarthaka: Anekarthanamamala by Dhananjaya (1113-1140 AD), Anekarthanamamala-Tika by anonymous, Anekarthasargraha, a homonymous dictionary by Hemacandra (AD 1150), AnekarthaKairavakarakaumudi by Mahendrasuri (13th Cent. AD), Anekarthasangraha-Sesa by Jinaprabhasuri (1292- 1233 AD), Anekarthavyayasangraha by Sridharasena, a Digambar Acarya, both supplement to Anekarthasangraha of Hemacandra, Anekarthasangrahasuci by Maithil Vidyakara Misra, an index to Hemacandra's Anekarthasangraha, Anekarthadhvanimanjari by Mahaksapanaka. Visvalocanakosa or Muktavalikosa by Sridharasena, Anekarthanamamala by Vinayasagara (fl. 1646A D), Anekartharatnamanjusa by Samayasundara (second half of the 17th cent. AD), pupil of Sakalacandra, of Kharataragaccha, Anekarthanamamala by Harsakirti (first half of the 17th cent. AD), pupil of Candrakirti of Nagapuriya Tapagaccha, Anekartharatnakosa by anonymous of Ancalagaccha, Ekaksarinanarthakanda by Dharasena, a Digambar Acarya and Nanarthodayasagara Kosa by Muni Ghasilala, Indore 1988. Aksaratmaka (Syllabic): Ekaksaranamamalika or Ekaksaranamamala by Amaracandrasuri (13th cent AD), Ekaksarakosa by Mahaksapanaka in 41 Sanskrit verses, Ekaksarinanarthakanda by Dharasena, a Digambar, Ekaksaranamamala (AD 1350) by Sudhakalasa and one also by anonymous. Prakrit Kosa: Paiyalacchinamamala (AD 972) by Dhanapal, Jainakakko (Prakrit-Gujrati) by Balabhai Chaganalala, Paiyasaddambudhi or Prakritasabdambudhi by Rajendrasuri in 1899 AD, Paiya Sadda Mahannavo by Pt. Haragovinda Das T. Seth, Varanasi, ed. 2nd 1963 and Prakrit-Hindi Kosa, an abridged edition of Paiya-SaddaMahannavo of Seth Haragovindadasa, ed. K. R. Candra, Ahmedabad 1987.

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132 Sramana/July-December 2002 Sanskrit Kosa: Dhananjaya Namamala by Digambar scholar Dhananjaya (AD1123), its commentaries: DhananjayanamamalaBhasya, by Digambar monk Amarakirti (fl. 1621 AD) pupil of Manakirti, Abhidhanacintamaninamamala by Hemacandra, its commentaries, Abhdhanacintamani -Vrtti, an auto-comm. Tattvavidhayini, Abhidhanacintamani- Saroddhara (AD 1611) or Namasaroddhara or Durgapadaprabodha by Vallabhagani, AbhidhanacintamaniVyutpattiratnakara (AD 1629) by Devasagaragani, pupil of Vinayacandra in the lineage of Kalyanasagarasuri of Ancalagaccha, Abhidhanacintamani-Avacuri by anonymous, AbhidhanacintamaniRatnaprabha, a commentary by Pt. Vasudevarao Janardana Kaselikara with Gujrati meaning in some cases, Abhidhanacintamani-Bijaka (AD 1604) by Subhavijayagani, pupil of Hiravijayasuri, of Tapagaccha and Abhidhanacintamani-Namamalapratikavali by anonymous, Sesanamamala by Hemacandra as an appendix Abhidhanacintamani, Silonchanamamala by Jinadeva (AD 1376), as a supplement to Abhidhanacintamani, Silonchanamamalatika (AD 1598) by Vallabhagani,a comm. on Silonchanamamala of Jinadevasuri, Pancavargasangrahanamamala by Subhasilagani (1450 -1500 AD), pupil of Munisundara of Tapagaccha, imitating the Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra, Namakosa and Sabdarnava of Sahajakirti (first half of 17th cent. AD), pupil of Hemanandana Ratnaharsa of Kharataragaccha, Sundaraprakasa-Sabdarnava (AD 1562) by Pdmasundara, Sabdabhedabhedaprakasa-Tika by Mahesvara, Namasangraha by Upadhyaya Bhanucandra (16th cent. AD), dealing with the non- compound words of Abhidhanacintamani, Saradiyanamamala or Saradiyabhidhananamamala (AD 1600) by Harsakirti, pupil of Candrakirti of Nagapuriya Tapagaccha, Sabdaratnakara (AD 1623) by Sadhusundaragani (first half of 17th cent. AD), pupil of Sadhukirti Upadhyaya of Kharataragaccha and Sabdacandrika by anonymous. Ardhamagadhikosa: Jainagamasabdasangraha, Ardhamagadhi- Gujrati dictionary, Lymbdy 1926 and An Illustrated Ardhamagadhi Dictionary (5 Vols.) a voluminous ArdhamagadhiGujarati Hindi-English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Delhi 1988. - Apabhramsakosa: Uktiratnakara of Sadhusundaragani (first half of 17th cent. AD), pupil of Sadhukirti Upadhyaya of Hindi- Kosa (2 parts) by Naresh Kharataragaccha, Apabhramsa - an

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 133 Kumar, Ghaziabad 1987 and Apabhramsa-Hindi -English Kosa by Dr. Bhola Nath Tiwari (in progress), Desisabdakosa: Desinamamala by Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD) and Desi sabdakosa, Ladnun 1988. Vyutpatyatmaka (Etymological): Niruktakosa, Ladnun 1984, Abhidhana-Vyutpatti-Prakriya Kosa, (2 Vols.), Bombay 1989. Visvakosa (Encyclopaedic): Abhidhana Rajendra Kosa (7 vols.) by Vijaya Rajendrasuri of Saudharmahphattapagaccha, 2nd ed. Ahmedabad 1986, Jainendrasiddhantakosa (5 vols.) New Delhi, ed. 2nd 1985 - 1995, Jaina Siddhanta Bola Sangraha (5 vols.) by Bhairodana Sethia, Bikaner 1945-52, Bhiksu Agama Visaya Kosa, (cyclopaedia of Jaina Canonical Texts) Pt. 1, Ladnun 1996 and Vanaspatikosa, Ladnun 1996. Paribhasika (Technical Kosa): Jaina Gem Dictionary, ed. J. L. Jaini, Arrah 1919, Alpaparicita Saiddhantika Sabdakosa (8 vols.) by Anandasagarasuri, Surat 1954, Jaina Laksanavali (4 Vols.) ed. Balacandra Siddhantasastri, Delhi 1972-73. Jaina Paribhasa SabdaKosa by MM Candraprabhasagar, Calcutta 1990, A Glossary of Jaina Technical Terms by Nandalal Jain, 1995 Ahmedabad and Dictionary of Jaina Terms by Prof. Mukul Raj Mehta, Varanasi 2000. Vyaktikosa (Biographical): Prakrit Proper Names (2 Vols.) by Prof. ML Mehta & KR Candra, Ahmedabad 1970 & 1972, Vardhamana- Kosa or Vardhamana Jivanakosa or a Dictionary of Mahavira's Biographical Data, by Mohan Lal Banthia & Sricandra Coradia, Calcutta 1980 and Jaina Jyoti (Aitihasikavyakti Kosa), Vol.1, by Jyoti Prasad Jain, Lucknow 1988. Visayakosa (Subject Dictionary): Nighantusesa by Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD), a supplement to Abhidhanacintamaninamamala, Vastukosa by Nagavarman II (AD1139), Vasturatnakosa by anonymous, Jodhpur 1959, Apavarganamamala or Pancavargapariharanamamala by Jinabhadrasuri (first half of 15th cent, AD), chief -disciple of Jinarajasuri of Kharataragaccha, Unadinamamala of Subhasilagani(c. 1400-1450 AD), pupil of Sadhukirti Upadhyaya of Kharataragaccha, Lesyakosa (Cyclopaedia of Lesya), compiled by Mohanlal Banthia, Calcutta 1966, Kriyakosa (Cyclopaedia of Kriya) comp. Acarya Tulsi, Calcutta 1969 and Jaina Purana Kosa by Pravira

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134 : Sramana/July-December 2002 Candra Jain & Darbari Lal Kothia, Srimahaviraji 1993. Index: Agamon Ka Gathakosa Evam Visayanukramanika (Nandyadigathadyakaradiyuto Visayanukramo) compiled by Anandasagarasuri, Surat 1928 and Jaina Agamasabdakosa, Pt.1, Ladnun 1980. Sangrahakosa (Dictionary of Collections): Puratana-Jaina Vakya- Suci by Jugalkishore Mukhtar, Pt.1, Delhi 1950 and Jaina Grantha Prasasti- Sangraha (2 pts.), Delhi 1954, both by Jugalkishore Mukhtar. Kosas in Tamil: Cudamani- Nighantu by Manalapurushar and Pingala -Nighantu by Pingal Muni. Kosa in Kannada: Ranna-Kanda by the great poet Ranna, Abhidhana-ratnamala by Nagavarma and Nanartharatnakara by * Nagavarma. Other Kosas: Turuskinamamala or Yavanamala, SanskritPersian, composed by anonymous, Ahmedabad, Student's English - Paiya Dictionary by H. R. Kapadia, Surat 1941, Sanskrit -Prakrit sabdakosa by A. S. Telkar and Sanskrit - Prakrit Sabdakosa by N. A. Godbole. The details of the Kosa works composed by Jainas are as follows: Ekarthaka Kosa 1. Ekarthakosa by Vacanapramukha Acarya Tulsi, containing synonyms of about 1700 Prakrit words, collected from approximately 100 Jaina canonical as well as non-canonical works. Kosa also gives illustrations from the texts to ascertain their meanings in particular context. The Kosa has three detailed appendices: the first containing alphabetical index of Prakrit v with their meaning in brackets. The second gives different meanings ranging from 2 to 30; the third lists the verbs with their meanings and root in alphabetical order. Pub. Vacanapramukha Acarya Tulsi, ed. Acarya Mahaprajna, Jaina Visva Bharati, Ladnun 1984, P.41, 396. Anekarthaka Kosa 1. Anekarthanamamala (Sanskrit) by Dhananjaya (1113-1140 AD)

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 135 Digambar scholar in 46 verses. It desired that scholars might learn the multiple senses of a word. Pub. The text with Bhasya and the text of the Dhananjayanamamala of Dhananjaya, Jnanapeeth Murtidevi Jaina Ganthamala, Sanskrit Grantha No. 6, pp. 102-6. Bharatiya Jnanapeeth, Kasi 1950. Comm. (1) Anekarthanamamala-Tika by an anonymous on the above work. Pub. See above. 3. Anekarhanighantu by Dhananjaya (1113-1140 AD) by Digambar scholar. Pub. with author's Namamala, See above. 4. Anekarthasangraha (Sanskrit) by Hemacandra (AD 1150), containing 1889 verses, divided into 7 Kandas (sections), is a homonymous dictionary. Its Kandas contain 16, 591, 766, 343, 48, 5 and 60 verses, respectively and are named as Ekasvarakanda, Dvisvarakanda, Trisvarakanda, Catuhsvarakanda, Pancasvarakanda, Satsvarakanda and Avyayakanda. The first six Kandas are arranged in ascending order of number of vowels. Pub. Text with the comm. Kairavakarakaumudi of Mahendrasuri, pupil of Hemacandra, ed. Zacharia, Bombay 1893. // Text In: Abhidhanasangraha Vol. 2, Mahavira Jaina Sabha, Cambay 1903. / /Text ed. Pt. Jagannath Sastri, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi 1929, P. 152, 30. // Text ed. Vidyakara Misra. The Editor, Calcutta, Mns. BBRAS 92; BORI 2 of 1869-70, 263 of 1873-74, 1 of 1880-81, 414 of 1882-83, 844 of 1886 -92; Pattan I. pp. 94, 105, 305, 387, 388; Pet. I. p. 122 (no. 233), IV. P. 32 (No.844). Comm. (1) Anekartha-Kairavakarakaumudi by Mahendrasuri (13th cent. AD), pupil of Hemacandra but attributed to Hemacandra, the author. It is based on Visvaprakasa, Sasvata, Rabhasa, Amarakosa, Linganusasana and works of Mankha, Hugga, Vyadi, Dhanapala, Bhaguri, Vacaspati etc. Pub. The comm. with text ed., Zacaria, Bombay 1893.Mns. BBRAS. 92, BORI 702 of 1875-76; 234 of A 1882-83, 1352-54 of 1887 -91, Peterson I PP. 51, 89, 122 (No. 234). (2) Anekarthasangraha-Tika by anonymous. Mns. B P. p.209 b; Oxf. II.1111 (1). 5. Anekarthanamamala by Vinayasagara (fl. 1646A D) of Ancalagaccha. Mns. AK. 1576. BORI 1576 of 1891 -95. 6. Anekarthasangrahasesa by Jinaprabhasuri (1292- 1333 AD), a supplement to Hemacandra's (1088- 1172 AD) Anekartha

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136 Sramana/July-December 2002 Sangraha Mns. BBRAS. 93. 7. Anekarthavyayasangraha by a Digambar Acarya Sridharasena, pupil of Munisena of the Senagaccha, is a supplement to Anekarthasangraha of Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD). Mns. AK 1348, BORI 1348 of 1891- 95. BP. 213 b (2mss.). 8. Anekarthasamgrahasuci by Maithil Vidyakara Misra, an index to Hemacandra's Anekarthasangraha. Mns. Tod. 94. 9. Anekartharatnamanjusa by Samayasundara (second half of the 17th cent. AD), pupil of Sakalacandra, of Kharataragaccha. Pub. Seth Devacanda Lal Bhai Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund Series No. 81. 10. Anekarthanamamala or Anekarthasata by Harsakirti (AD 1600), pupil of Candrakirti of Nagapuriya Tapagaccha. Mns. IO 5173 (vide. NCC. I. P. 222). 11. Anekartharatnakosa by anonymous of the Ancalagaccha. Jaina Granthavali, P.309; (NCC.I. p. 222). 12. Anekarthavrtti mentioned by Gunavijayagani in his commentary Visesarthabodhika on the Raghuvamsa. See. BORI. D. XII. ii. 569. (NCC.I. p. 222). 13. Anekartha-Vrtti by anonymous on Anekarthamala. Jaina Granthavali. p. 309. (NCC.I. p. 222). 14. Anekarthadhvanimanjari by Mahaksapanaka, divided into 3 Paricchedas (sections) having 104 verses in 1st Slokadhikara, 87 in 2nd Ardha- Slokadhikara and 33 in 3rd Padadhikara. In fact, it deals with a single word in a whole verse in first Pariccheda, in a half verse in second, while in quarter verse in third. Pub, Ksullaka Siddhasagara. 15. Visvalocanakosa or Muktavalikosa by Acarya Sridharasena, a Digambar, pupil of Munisena of the Senagaccha, contains 2453 verses, divided into 35 Vargas (sections). It is a homonymous dictionary, words arranged in order of vowels and consonants herein. The treatment of words is more exhaustive than other lexicon e.g. the term Wrack has 4 synonyms in Medini, 10 in Amarakosa while 12 in Visvalocanakosa. Besides, a number of words occurred herein are absent in other lexicons. Pub. Text ed. Nandalal Sarma, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay 1912. Mns. AD. No. 31. JG.313.

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 137 16. Ekaksarinanartha-Kanda by Dharasena, a Digambar Acarya, containing 35 verses. The first 28 verses deal with the words, having consonants as its initials, while the last seven verses treat of the words beginning with vowels. 17. Nanarthodayasagara Kosa by Acarya Ghasilal, a dictionary of Sanskrit words with their synonyms. It contains Hindi commentary also by Acarya Ghasilal. It contains 2200 Sanskrit verses, comprising 3500 words. Generally verses have been arranged in alphabetical order, however, some exceptions are also visible. Pub. Ghasilal Maharaja Sahitya Publication Committee, Indore 1988, P.14, 392. Aksaratmaka or Syllabic Kosa 1. Ekakasara (ri) Namamala or Nighantu by Hemacandra (1088 1172 AD) of Maladharigaccha. Mns. AK. 1349; CPB. 6901 (Hemanamavali), 7502.JBhp. I. 423,424.Surat. 1. (981) (NCC. III. p.59). 2. Ekaksaranamamala (Malika) by Sudhakalasa (AD 1350), pupil of Rajasekharasuri of Harsapuriyagacchia, contains 50 verses only. It belongs to the category of homonymous glossaries of monosyllables. It treats of the letters of the Sanskrit alphabet, giving the various meanings attached to them. Other works of Sudhakalasa are Sangitopanisad (AD 1324) and its abridgement Sangitasaroddhara (AD 1350). Pub. In: Abhidhanacintamani, Muktikamala Jainamohanmala No. 21, Bombay, 1924. //The text, Devacanda Lalbhai Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund Series No. 87, Surat 1933. Mns. Bhand. V. No. 1341; VI. No.1351; Chani. Nos. 804, 826; DB. 37; Hamsa. Nos. 1454; 1455; 1. O. No.1045: Kath. No.1348; PAPS.73 (29; 30), SA.No.681; VD. (8); Weber. II. No. 1702. 3. Ekaksarinanarthakanda by Dharasena, a Digambar Acarya, containing 35 verses, its first 28 verses deal with the words, having consonants as its initials, while the last seven verses treat of the words beginning with vowels. Ekaksara (ri)Namamalika or baksara-Namamala by Amaracandrasuri (13th cent. AD), pupil of Jinadattasuri of Vayadagaccha, containing 21 Sanskrit verses. The poet composed it based on Visvabhidhanakosa as its opening verse suggested. The poet was always held in high esteem as a member of royal court of King Viradhavala of Baghela dynasty. His excellent skill in

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138 : Sramana/July-December 2002 Samasyapurti and extempore poetry earned him a place of great honour among contemporary poets. His other works are Balabharatam, Kavyakalpalata or Kavisiksa, Padmanandamahakavya and Syadisamuccaya. Pub. with Dhananjayanamamala, Bharatiya Jnanapeeth Murtidevi Jainagranthamala 6, Kashi 1950. Mns. BORI. 381 of 1884- 86, Oxf. II.1110 (1); Pet. III. p. 397 (No.381); Udaipur. II. 167,14. (NCC.III, p.58) 5. Ekaksara (ri) Kosa by Mahaksapanaka in 41 Sanskrit verses. Other information regarding the author is not available. Pub. The text In: Ekaksaranamakosasangraha, ed. Pt. Muni Ramanikavijaya, Rajasthan Pracyavidya Pratisthana, Jodhapur 1964. Mns. Alwar. 1233; BORI. 395 of 1895-98; CPB. 615; Pet. VI. P.94, No. 395; Stein 53; Trav. Uni. 1700. (NCC. III. p. 57). 6. Ekaksaranamamala by anonymous. Mns. Bikaner. 1625; JG. p. 310; Kath. No. 1349; SA. No. 1967; Strass. P. 300; Surat. 9; VD. 3 (13). (JRK. P. 61). Prakrit Kosa 1. Paiyalacchinamamala (Prakrit) by Dhanapala (AD 972), a Jaina laity for his sister Sundari in 279 Gathas in Arya metre. It is a dictionary of synonyms, containing 998 words. This work is the only lexicon in Prakrit. Dhanapal was attracted towards Jaina religion by the preaching of his younger brother Sobhana Muni. He was a respected member of the royal court of the king Munjaraj of Dhara. The king honoured him by conferring the title of Kurcalasarasvati. Subsequently, his term with King Bhoja became precarious when the latter ordered him to revise Tilakamanjari and then after burnt it. In the beginning of his Abhidhanacintamani, Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD) mentions the lexicon of Dhanapal as an authoritative work. Dhanapal composed Tilakamanjari (Sanskrit prose), Sravakavidhi (Prakrit verse), Rsabhapancasika (Prakrit verse), Mahavirastuti (Prakrit verse), SatyapuriyaMandana- Mahavirotsaha (Apabhramsa verse), Sobhanastuti-Tika (Sanskrit prose). Hemacandra in his Desinamamala quoted the author, Sarangapaddhati refers to Namamala by Dhanapal. It indicates that Dhanapal has composed a number of lexicons, not available today. Pub. The text by Buhler, Beitrage Zur Kunde der Indo- Germanischen Sprachen IV. P. 70ff. 1879. // by Gulabcanda

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 139 5. Lallubhai, BB & Co. Khargate, Bhavnagar 1916. // Ed. Pt. Bechardas, Bombay. Mns. BA. No. 20; BBRAS. No. 104; BORI. 185 of 1872-73; 52 of 1874-75, 895 of 1886-92; Chani. 1402, 3353, 3556. Laghunamamala or Namamala or Saradiya-Abhidhanamala (AD 1643) by Harsakirtisuri, pupil of Candrakirti of Nagapuriya Tapagaccha in Sanskrit. Mns. Bengal.No.7392; BO.p.17; Bhand. V. No.1361, VI. 1409; Buh. IV. No. 281, VI. No. 780;Digambar Jaina Terahapanthi Mandira, Basava, No.58, P.42 (dated 1788 AD): Weber II.No.1703. 3. Jainakakko, containing Gujrati meaning of Prakrit words by Balabhai Chaganalala, Pub. Ahmedabad 1812. Paiyasaddambudhi or Prakrita-Sabdambudhi by Rajendrasuri in 1899 AD, it is an abridged form of his gigantic encyclopaedic dictionary Abhidhana-rajendrakosa. No other information is available pertaining to this lexicon. Unpub. Paiya Sabda Mahannavo by Pt. Haragovinda Das T. Seth, is a dictionary of Prakrit language containing Hindi meaning of about 70,000 words. It also provides Sanskrit equivalents of the Prakrit words, supporting the meaning by extracts, selected from about 250 original Jaina texts with complete references. The wide range of Jaina works, used for citing illustrations, include among others Jaina canonical texts, their commentaries, Karmagranthas, Prakaranagranthas, ancient narrative literature etc. Pub. ed. Prof. Vasudeva Sharan Agravala & Pt.Dalsukha Bhai Malvania, Prakrit Text Society, S.No.7, Varanasi, Ed. 2nd 1963. 6. Prakrit-Hindi Kosa, an abridged edition of the well-known Prakrit-Hindi dictionary, Paiya-Sauda- Mahaanavo of Seth Haragovindadasa Trikamacanda. This edition excludes illustrations from the Jaina texts, figures denoting the serial No. of various meanings as well as declensions of words given in the original edition Pub. ed. K. R. Candra, Prakrit Jaina Vidya Vikasa Fund, Ahmedabad & Parshwanath Vidyapeeth, Varanasi 1987, p. 15, 890 Sanskrit Kosa 1. Dhananjayanamamala or Namavali or Dhananjaya-Nghantu or Dhananjaya Kosa or Pramana-Namamala or Nighantusamaya

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140 : Sramana/July-December 2002 (Sanskrit) by Digambar scholar Dhananjaya (1113-1140 AD) in 200 Anustubh verses. The number of its verses differs from 203 to 205 in various editions. According to New Catalogus Catalogorum the first section containing about 200 verses is called Namamala in one of the concluding verses; the second section in about 50 verses is often called Nighantu; Dhananjaya Kosa etc. sometimes refer to the whole work also. In this lexicon Dhananjaya explained a special method of formulating different words from a particular word. For example if we add Dhara to Prthvi, the compound word thus derived will convey the meaning of mountain, while Prthvi with Pati will connote king. The modern scholars differ regarding his time. His upper age limit is supposed to be 11th cent. A D. In the commentary on Dvisandhana-Mahakavya, the commentator mentioned the name of author's parents as Vasudeva and Sridevi and of his Guru as Dasaratha. Dhananjaya's other works are Anekarthanamamala, Raghavapandaviya. Dvisandhana-Mahakavya, Visapaharastotra and Anekartha- Nighantu. Pub. In: Dvadasakosasangraha, Benares 1872. // with Anekarthanamamala, text with Hindi translation, Haraprasad Jain, 1942. I/ Jnanapeeth Murtidevi Jaina Grantha Sanskrit S. No. 6, pp. 1-92,Benares 1950. Il Mns. Arrah I, P. 14. B.III. 38,42, BORI (0 of 1871-72, 336 Of 1875-76, 212 and 213 of 1879-80, 147 and 201 Of 1882-83, 384 of 1884-1886, 574 of 1887-91, 443 of 1892-95, Jodhpur 298, Peterson. III. p.217, No.53, p. 397, No.384, Comm. (1)Dhananjayanamamala-Bhasya by Digambar monk Amarakirti. The commentator found the words included in the lexicon as sufficient and treated them etymologically. Amarakirti has sometimes added new synonyms to the given ones. In all probability, Amarakirti flourished in the 14th cent. AD. The Bhasya on the 122nd verse of the Namamala refers to Mahabhiseka of Asadhara, who accomplished his work, Anagaradharmamsta in AD 1257 therefore Amarakirti was posterior to Asadhara. Pub. Bhasya with the text and Anekarthanamamala of Dhananjaya and its commentary, Anekartha Nighantu and Ekaksari Kosa, Bharatiya Jnanapeeth, Kasi 1950. (2)Namamala commentary, in Kannada by anonymous. Mns. Moodbidri. I. 223,228; Pul. II. p. 111. (NCC.X. P.45). 2. Nighantasamaya by Dhananjaya (1113-1140 AD), in two Paricchedas (sections). Probably, the same as Dhananjayanamamala.

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 141 Mns. Adyar. II. p.43b (ch.1), BORI. 1145 and 1146 of 1884-87, 398 of 1895-98; RASB. VI. 4732 A. (NCC. X. p. 116). Comm. (1) Nighantasamaya- Vitti by Amarakirti. Mns. Jhalarpatan. p. 30. (NCC. X. p.116). 3. Abhidhanacintamaninamamala (Sanskrit) by Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD), is a famous lexicon, containing 1542 verses in different metres, divided into 6 Kandas (sections). This Kosa is a collection of the conventional, derivative and mixed words of one sense type. The first Devadhideva Kanda, in 86 verses, comprises the names and the Atisayas etc. of 24 Tirthankaras. The second Devakanda, containing 250 verses, treats of the Jaina, Brahmanical and Buddhist gods and terms pertaining to them. The third Martya Kanda contains in 597 verses, the words relating to human beings in their different relations and the objects used by them. The fourth Bhumikanda deals, in 423 verses, with the names of animals, birds, vegetables, minerals etc. The fifth Narakakanda, in 7 verses, enumerates the beings of the nether world and in the last Samanyakanda, in 178 verses, it deals with the abstract notions such as sound, smell, adjectives and the indeclinable. The Abhidhanacintamani begins with a description of the Rudha (conventional), Yaugika (derivative) and Misra (mixed) terms. The conventional terms lack derivation. Derivative ones are proved by roots etc. The mixed terms have the features of both conventional and derivative terms. For gender, author's Linganusasana is referred to. Stating the utility of the lexicon, Heinacandra says that oration and versification as said by the learned are the result of erudition, but both these cannot be possible without the knowledge of words. Hemacandra not only included the synonym words herein but also important materials related with linguistic. He collected as much word as he could and underlined the similarity between the old and new words. From the linguistic points of view, this work fully demonstrated the influence of words, contained in Prakrit, Apabhramsa and Desya languages. Pub. The text with German trans. Bohetlingk & Charles Rieu, Akademie der Wissensschaften: St. Petersburg 1847, pp. 12, 433. Il ed. Pt. Sivadatta & Kasinath Panduranga Parab, In: Abhidhana-Sangraha, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay 1896, pp. 6, 58. Il with Abhidhanacintamani-Siloncha of Jinadeva & Abhidhanacintamani-Sesanamamala, Nirnayasagara

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142 : Sramana/July-December 2002 Press, Bombay 1900, pp.257, 19, 288, 26. // with Bangla trans. by N. C. Bhattacarya Vidyabhusana Binapani Press, Calcutta 1907, pp. 747. // ed. Haragovindadas & Bechardas, Yasovijaya Jaina Granthamala (Nos. 41, 42) 2 vols. Bhavnagar 1915, 1920. Il with Ratnaprabha somm. by Vasudeva Janardana Kaselakar along with Sesanamamala, Siloncha & Ekaksaranamamala, Muktikamala Jaina Mohanamala No. 2, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay 1924, pp. 12, 350, 33. // University of Mysore, Mysore 1926, pp. 43. // Devacanda Lalbhai Pustakoddhara Fund Series No. 92. Surat 1946. pp. 570. 11 with comm. by Ramadasa Sena, Samvada Jnana Ratnakara Press, Calcutta 1934, pp.89, 231. // with Gujrati trans. ed. Vijayakasturasuri alongwith Pancavargaparihara of Jinabhadrasuri, Namamaladisabdabhedaprakasa of Purusottamadeva & Ekaksaranamamala of Muni Sudhakalasa, Shah Jasawantalala Giradharalala, Ahmedabad 1957, pp. 24, 392, 244. // with Hindi comm. Maniprabha of Haragovinda Sastri, ed. Nemicandra Sastri, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi 1964, pp. 35, 368, 150. // Abhidhana-Cintamani Kosa with Gujrati explanation, ed. Vijaya Kasturasuri, Vijayanemi Kastura Jnanamandira, Surat. ed. 2nd 1973, pp. 39, 398. // with Gujrati comm. Candrodaya, ed. Vijayakasturasuri, Sarasvati Pustaka Bhandar, Ahmedabad 1956, pp. 392, 244. // Abhidhana-Cintamani-Parisista, In: Abhidhana-Sangraha, ed. V. Upadhyaya, S. N. Publications, Delhi 1981. // with Auto- comm., ed. Hemacandra Vijayagani, Jaina Sahitya Vardhakasabha, Ahmedabad 1975, P.17, 652. // with Gujrati trans. Nemivijaya Text series, Ahmedabad.// Mns. Adyar II. P.40 a (I Kanda), BORI 395 of 1871-72,180 of 1872-73, 264 of 1873-74, 1 of 1877-78, 272 of 1880- 81, 139 of 1881-82, etc. Pattan. I. pp. 66,149; Pet. II , P. 199 (no.283), III. P. 53 (no. 22). Comm. (1)Abhdhana-Cintamani-Vrtti, an auto-comm. Tattva-vidhayini (Granthagra about 8500). This exhaustive comm. quotes more than 80 authorities: 56 authors and 31 lexical works. In the event of differences with predecessors, he frequently refers to grammarians to approve his point. Pub. The auto- comm. with the text Yasovijaya Jaina Granthamala, Bhavnagar. // Mns. Alwar 1227; America 274748; Jhalarapatan, p. 130; Oxf. II. 1108 (2); Pet III p. 109 (262), p. 154 (No. 308), IV, p. 32 (No. 846). VI, p. 94 (394). (2)Abhidhanacintamani-Saroddhara or Namasaroddhara or

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 143 Durgapadaprabodha by Vallabhagani, the pupil of Jnanavimalagani and the grand pupil of Bhanumeru of Kharataragaccha, in AD 1611. According to the commentator, it is an abridged form of his voluminous work, Namanirnaya. It is replete with quotations from the works of previous authors. Mns. BBRAS. 101;Bikaner 5416; Bombay 1819; BORI. 272 of 188081, 139 of 1881-82, 252 of 1883-84. Jaina Granthavali, p. 210; Oxf. 185 b. (3) Abhidhanacintamani-Vyutpattiratnakara by Devasagaragani, pupil of Ravindracandra and grand pupil of Vinayacandra of Ancalagaccha in AD 1629. This comm. also gives the Prakrit renderings of the words, dealt herein. Muni Devasagar wrote a Prasasti, on the temple Candraprabhajinaprasada, erected on Satrunjaya, in AD 1626. (4) Abhidhanacintamani-Avacuri by anonymous, containing 4500 Granthagra. Its manuscript is available in Patan Bhandara. Jinaratnakosa refers to another Avacuri by Sadhuratna. (5)Brhad-Abhidhanacintamni. Mns. Oxf. 186 B. (6) Abhidhanacintamani- Vrtti by Narendrasuri. Mns. B. III. 42. (7) Abhidhanacintamani commentary by Kusalasagara (second half of the 17th cent. AD), pupil of Lavanyaratna of Jinabhadra branch of Kharataragaccha Mns. CPB. 7197-98. (8) bhidhanacintamani. Ratnaprabha, a commentary by Pt. Vasudevarao Janardana Kaselikara with Gujrati meaning of few words. (9) Abhidhanacintamani-Bijaka (AD 1604) by Subhavijayagani, pupil of Hiravijayasuri of the Tapagaccha. Bijakas contain the detailed list of the content of the text. Mns PRA. No. 268. (10) Abhidhanacintamani-Bijaka by Devavimalagasi. Mns. BORI. 246 of1873-74; 338 of A 1882-83, 1336 of 1884- 87. Pet. 338; PRA No.1221, Weber 1700. (NCC. I. P. 2941. (11) Abhidhanacintamani-Bijaka by anonymous. Mns. BORI. 236 of A 1882-83.D.p.321; Pet. 1. No. 236. (12) AbhidhanaCintamaninamamala-Pratikavali by anonymous. Its manuscript is available in Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Pune, and No. 1352, (13) Abhidhanacintamani-Namamala-Parisista. Pub. In: Abhidhanasangraha, Bombay 1896 (vide. NCC.I. P. 294). 4. Abhidhanacintamani-Sesasangraha, a supplement to the Abhidhanacintamani. Mns.. BP. p. 5,Weber 1702. Pub. Abhidhanasangraha, Bombay 1896. (vide.NCC.I. P. 294).

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144 : sramana/July-December 2002 5. Abhidhanacintamanisuci, an index to the Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra by Mithila Vidyakara Misra. Mns. Pul. II. p. 106. Tod. 94. ((Vide.NCC.I. P. 294). Sesanamamala by Hemacandra (1088- 1172 AD), containing 208 verses divided into five sections in conformity with Abhidhanacintamani, as an appendix to it. It contains 2, 90, 65, 40 and 9 Sanskrit verses, respectively. Pub. The text with Abhidhanacintamani. Mns. Bhand. VI No. 1377, Buhler III.No. 191, Silonchanamamala by Jinadeva (AD 1376) probably pupil of Somasundarasuri, of Tapagaccha, in 140 verses, as a supplement to Abhidhanacintamani. Pub. Text In: Abhidhanasangraha, Nirnayasagar Press Bombay 1894. //As an appendix to Abhidhanacintamani, Devacanda Lalabhai Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund Series, Surat 1946. Il with the comm. of Vallabhagani, ed. by MM Vinayasagar, L. D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad 1974./ / Mns. A list of mss. in the private Bhandara of Muni Sri Kantivijaya Collection Chani. No. 235. Comm. (1) Tika by Vallabhagani (AD 1598), pupil of Jnanavimala of the Kharataragaccha, while explaining the text it gives the meaning of the words as well as tries to give their derivation, wherever possible. The comm. is also replete with extracts from the works of the predecessors. The comm. quotes about 30 works. Pub. The comm. with text, Ahmedabad 1974. Mns. Buhler IV, the fourth collection of Dr. Buhler, known as the collection of 1872-73, No.285; Chani No.235; Pancavargasangraha-Namamala (AD 1468) by Subhasilagani, pupil of Munisundara of Tapagaccha, is a small lexicon, imitating the Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra in style, division and general form. The names of its Kandas are DevadhidevaSabdasangrahakanda, Devasabda-Sangrahakanda, Martyakanda, Bhumikanda, Narakakanda and Samanyakanda. Other works of Subhasilagani are Bhojaprabandha, Punyasarakatha, Danadikatha, Salivahanacaritra, Bharatesvara-Bahubali-vstti, SatrunjayaKalpakatha, Snatspancasikakatha, Bhaktamara-katha and Satrunjayakalpavstti. Mns. BORI 1384 of 1887-91, List of Manuscripts in the British Museum 408, Liste von Transcribirten Abschri. ftenund Auszugen der Jaina Literatur von Ernst Leumann 113.

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 145 9. Sabdarnava or Siddhasabdarnava or Rjuprajnavyakarana by Sahajakirti (first half of 17th cent. AD), pupil of Hemanandana Ratnaharsa of Kharataragaccha, small Sanskrit lexicon is divided into Adhikaras (sections) viz. Jainadhikara, Dyuradhikara, Narakadhikara, Sastra-dhikara, Ksatriyadhikara, Vaisyadhikara, Sudradhikara and so on. The lexicon deals with vocable with respect to their genders. Sahajakirti divides noun into the following 7 classes: (1) masculine, (2) feminine, (3) neuter, (4) non- neuter, (5) non -masculine (6) non- feminine, (7) and nouns having all the three genders. The nouns are further divided into 3 categories such as Rudha, Yaugika and Misra. Sastradhikara of this lexicon is very important. It furnishes the names of the weapons and arms, probably current at the time of our author. Sahajakirti wrote a number of works namely, Satadalakamalankrta-lodrapuriyaparsvanatha-stuti (AD 1626), Mahavirastuti (AD 1629), KalpaManjari-sika on Kalpasutra (AD 1628), Aneka-Sastrasarasamuccaya, Ekadidasaparyantasabda-Sadhanika, Sarasvatavrtti, Phalavarddhi-Parsvanatha -Mahatmyamahakavya and Pritisattrinsika. Mns. Bhand. III. No. 466, VI. No.1359; Pet. IV No. 538, 10. Sabdacandrika by anonymous is a lexicon, containing synonyms in prose order. As per manuscript, it is also known as Balabodhapaddhati or Manoramakosa. Its only manuscript, containing 17 leafs is available at Lalabhai Dalpatbhai Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad Collection. Herein, the synonyms have been given in the prose after having mentioned the word. Unpub. 11. Sundaraprakasa-Sabdarnava or Padarthacintamani (AD 1562) by Pdmasundara, pupil of Padmameru, contains 2668 verses, divided into 5 sections. Padmasundara Upadhyaya, a versatile scholar having subjugated a Vedic scholar in the debate, was honoured by Akber. The emperor also built for him a Jaina monastery in Agra. Unpub. Bhand. 6. No. 1422 (manuscript dated 1562 AD. Chani No. 448; PRA No. 394. 12. Sabdabhedabhedaprakasa-sika or sabdabhedanamamala by Mahesvara, probably it deals with minor variations in pronunciations, e.g. Agara, Agara, Arati, Arati etc. The comm, by Jnanavimalagani, pupil of Bhanumeru of Kharataragaccha, is

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146 : Sramana/July-December 2002 composed in AD 1597, containing 3800 Granthagras. The commentator tries to give the derivation and etymology of each word in the text. Jnanavimalagani bases his commentary on Visvaprakasa, Bhaguri, Vaijayanti, Vyadi, sasvata and Pathyapathyanighantu. Apart from these authorities, he quotes numerous works and authors in this work. Unpub. Mns. Bendall. No. 448; Hamsa No. 262; JG. P. 313; JHA. 60, PET. II. No. 100. Weber. II. No. 1708. 13. Namasangraha or Namamalasangraha or Viviktana. masangraha or Bhanucndra-Namamala or Namasrenivetti by Upadhyaya Bhanucandra, pupil of Suracandra. He was conferred the epithet of Upadhyaya, in AD 1591. This work deals with the non-compound words of Abhidhanacintamani and conforms to the latter in division etc. Bhanucandra recited his SuryaSahasranama on every Sunday before Akber. His other works are Ratnapalakathanaka (AD 1605), Kadambari-Vstti, Vasantarajasakuna-Vitti, Vivekavilasa-Vstti and SarasvataVyakarana-Vrtti. Mns. CC.II. 62; DB. 37 (19; 20): Mitra. X. P.151; Punjab. No. 1448. 14. Saradiyanamamala (AD 1600) by Harsakirti, pupil of Candrakirti of Nagapuriya Tapagaccha, is also known as Saradiyabhidhananamamala, containing 300 verses. It is divided into 3 Kandas. Its kandas are further sub-divided into Vargas. Thus, the Ist Kanda is divided into (i) Devavarga (ii) Vyomavarga and (iii) Dharavarga and the second into (i) Anagara varga, (ii) Sambhogavarga, (iii) Sangitavarga and (iv) Panditavarga. The 3rd is divided into (i) Brahmavarga, (ii) Ksatriyavarga, (iii) Vitvarga, (iv) Sudravarga and (v) Sankirnavarga. Harsakirti was a versaule writer, he wrote on different subjects such as grammar, medicine, astrology eto. Most of his writings are in form of commentaries although some original texts are also attributed to him. His works include - (i) Bshacchantistotratika (AD1598), (ii) Kalyanamandira-stotratika, (iii) Sinduraprakaranatika, (iv) Sarasvatadipika, (v) Setnitkarikavivarana, (vi) Dhatupatha-tarangini, (vii) Dhatupathavivarana, (viii) Saradiyanamamala, (ix) Srutabodhapatha, (x) Yoga-Cintamani (xi) Vaidyaka-saroddhara, (xii) Jyotisa-Sastra, (xiii) Jyoti-Saroddhara. Mns. Buhler IV No.281, VI. No. 780; JG. P.313.

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 147 15. Sabdaratnakara by Sadhusundaragani (AD 1623), pupil of Sadhukirti Upadhyaya of Kharataragaccha. Containing 1011 verses, it is divided into 6 Kandas viz. Arhatkanda, Devakanda, Manavakanda, Tiryakkanda, Narakakanda and Samanyakanda. Sadhusundaragani also wrote Uktiratnakara and Dhaturatnakara. Pub. The text, Yasovijaya Jaina Granthamala, Series No.36, Bhavnagar 1912. // Mns. Buh. III. No. 313, Mitra. VIII. P.11; Pet.I. No.339. Ardhamagadhi-Dctionary 1. Jainagamasabdasangraha, an Ardhamagadhi-Gujrati dictionary, containing also Sanskrit rendering of the Prakrit words, is based on Jaina canonical texts as well as Karmagranthas, Visesavasyakabhasya, Pravacana-Saroddhara etc. ancient Jaina texts. Pub. ed. Satavadhani Muni Ratnacandra, Gulabavira Text S. No. 4, Sanghvi Gulabacand Jasaraj, Lymbdy 1926, p. 16, 818. An Illustrated Ardhamagadhi Dictionary, 5 Vols. is a voluminous Ardhamagadhi-Gujrati-Hindi-English polyglot, containing about 50,000 words. It has Sanskrit equivalents of Ardha-Magadhi terms. It deals with the words, collected from whole of the Svetambar canons and other important ancient Jaina texts. It is greatly enriched by an exhaustive and scholarly introduction by A C Woolner. The observation of H. V. Glasenapp about this work is a testimony to its importance and wide range utility. He said that this dictionary filled a decided gap in the literature devoted to this important branch of Oriental studies and would be found invaluable to all who are interested in the language, literature and philosophy of Jainism. Pub. By Satavadhani Ratnacandra, Indore Ist ed. 1933. // Second Rep. ed. Amara Publication, Varanasi 1988. // Also Reprinted, Motional Banarasidass, Delhi 1988. P. (Vol.1) 511, (2) 1002, (3), (3) 701, (4) 912,103, (5) 857, 12, 21. Apabhramsa Kosa 2. 1. Uktiratnakara (AD 1623) by Sadhusundaragani, the disciple of Pathaka Sadhukirti, is an Auktika work meant for understanding the Sanskrit alternatives of the colloquial terms prevalent in dialects especially Desya and Apabhramsa. This work contains about 2400 such words and their Sanskrit alternatives. Sadhusundara wrote

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148 : Sramana/July-December 2002 the following works: Dhaturatnakara, Sabda-Rartnakara and Parsvanathastuti. Pub. Rajasthan Puratna Granthamala 15, Jodhpur, Mns. BORI 578 of 1884-86, 481 of 1886-92, Peterson III 404, IV, 17. 2. Apabhramsa-Hindi-Kosa, 2 Parts, by Naresh Kumar, is the first lexicon of Apabhramsa language. It contains the Hindi meaning of Apabhramsa words with their Sanskrit equivalents and illustrations from original texts. Pub. Dr. Naresh Kumar, Indo- Vision Private Ltd. Ghaziabad 1987, P. 36, 1194. 3. Apabhramsa - Hindi- English - Kosa by D. Bhola Nath Tiwari (in progress.) Desisabdakosa 1. Desiinamamala or Desisabdasangraha or Ratnavali by Hema candra (1088- 1172 AD) is a lexicon of Desi words. Composed in 783 Prakrit Arya meters, it is divided into 8 Vargas (sections) Svaravarga, Kavargadi, Cavargadi, Tavargadi, Tavargadi, Pavargadi, Yakaradi and Sakaradi. Each section has a supplement, dealing with words having more than one meaning. The words are arranged according to their meanings and the number of syllables. Hemacandra defines Desi words as those, which are in use in Prakrit since time immemorial. His auto- commentary on Desinamamala opens with the observation that the words, not derived Sanskrit through admissible rules based on phonological process of omission, addition and alteration, were collected in it. While defining the scope of his work, he pointed out that he intended not to compile a dictionary of all such words, current during his times in various regions i.e. the words of regional dialects, current in day to day practice. Rather he was concerned with only that class of nonderivable words of literary Prakrit, handed down over an immemorably long and horae tradition. Accordingly, this lexicon should include only such words as used in ancient Prakrit literature and which cannot be derived from their Sanskrit prototypes. Desinamamala gives the meaning of about 4000 words. If words with multiple meanings are counted as separate words, the number may go up by a thousand. In this lexicon, Hemacandra quotes Abhimanacihna, Avantisundari etc. works and Devaraja, Dhanapala, Drona, Gopal, Rahulaka, Samba, Silanka, SAtavahana

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 149 etc. authors. Pub. Text with auto-comm. ed. R. Pischel & G. Buhler Pt. 1, Bombay Sanskrit Series 17, Bombay 1880. Il second ed. revised by Pt. Ramanuja Swami, BSS 17, Bombay 1938. ll with auto- comm. Muralidhara Banerjee, Pt. 1 Calcutta 1931. II Desisabdasangaho with Gujrati trans., notes, ed. Pt. Becharadasa J. Dosi Pt. 1, Forbes Gujrati Sabha Granth vali 16, Ahmedabad 1947. // Studies in Hemacandra's Desinamamala (English) by H. C. Bhayani, P. V. Research Institute (Now Parshwanath Vidyapeeth) Varanasi 1966, P. 96. // Desinamamala Ka Bhasa Vaijnanika Adhyayana (Hindi) by Shivamurti Sharma, Devanagari Prakasana, Jaipur 1980, pp. 308. Mns. BORI 184 of 1872-73, 270and 271 of 1873-74, 724 of 1875-1876,281 of 1880-81, 438 of 1882 83,Pattana I. p. 60 (the oldest dated Manuscript i.e. 1241 AD). 2. Nyayavatara-vrtti or Ratnavali, an auto-commentary on Desinamamala of Hemacandra. Pub, auto-comm. with text, Muralidhara Banerjee, Pt.1 Calcutta 1931. Mns. BORI. 270 and 271 of 1873-74, 419 of 1879-80, 159 of 1881-82 and 438 of 1882 83, 3. Desinamamalavarnanukrama, an alphabetical index of the words of Desinamamala. Mns. Chani. 3048. Desi Sabdakosa by Vacanapramukha Acarya Tulsi, is a lexicon of Desya words, containing 10,000 words, approximately. The words are collected mainly from Jaina canons and their commentaries. It gives Hindi meaning with illustrations from the texts. The Kosa has 2 appendices: one containing more than 3,000 words, collected from about 20 non -canonical Prakrit and Apabhramsa works, other containing 1745 Desya words. Pub, ed. - Acarya Mahaprajna, Jaina Visvabharati, Ladnun 1988, P. 68, 570. Vyutpatyatmakakosa (Etymological Dictionary) 1. Niruktakosa by Vacanapramukha Acarya Tulsi, contains extracts pertaining to etymology of about 2,000 Jaina technical terms, selected from about 75 Jaina canonical as well as non-canonical texts. It also gives Hindi translation of the relevant extracts. The Kosa is also enriched by footnotes, making the interpretation more viable. One of its two appendices contains etymological interpretation of names of 24 Tirthankaras, as occurred in above said texts. Pub. ed. Acarya Mahaprajna, Jaina Visvabharati, Ladnun

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150 : Sramana/July-December 2002 1984, P.400. 2. Abhidhana Vyutpatti Prakriya Kosa (2 Vols.) by Purnacandra vijaya & others, is an etymological dictionary, dealing with terms occurred in Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra. The lexicon contains the words in alphabetical order (Devanagari). The compiler has denoted the gender of the word, its Gujrati meaning as well as its synonyms given in the original text with its etymology, as given in the auto- comm. of Abhidhanacintamani. The Kosa is very valuable for comprehending the gender, meaning, synonym and etymology of Sanskrit words. The arrangement of the word herein is in alphabetical order. Pub. Jinasasana Aradhana Trust, Bombay 1989, P. 15, 819. Visvakosa (Encyclopaedic Dictionary) 1. Abhidhana- Rajendra Kosa (7 vols.) comp. by Vijaya Rajendra suri, is an unique dictionary dealing with approximately 60,000 words selected from about 97 standard works pertaining to Jaina canonical literature and their commentaries: Niryukti, Bhasya, Curni and Sanskrit Vstti. It brings out the roots, the derivations and meanings of all the selected proper names and technical words found in Jaina Siddhanta and literature, occurring in the abovereferred texts. To quote one instance of the interpretation and elucidation of the word Ahinsa, the comm. has occupied 12 pages and clearly brought out all that pertains to this word in different ways and in all its aspects. The greatness of this work may be deducted from the fact that words, commencing with the letter A have occupied 893 pages. The Lexicon contains also the biography of the renowned compiler that is of Rajendrasuri and an exhaustive and scholarly introduction, which presents an outline of the grammar of the Prakrit language and a glossary of Prakrit words & phrases. However, it's mammoth size and lengthy extracts, without their translation have made this Kosa incomprehensible for scholars. Vijaya Rajendrasuri wrote a number of works: Upadesa Ratnasara, Sarvasangraha Prakarana, Prakstavyakarana-Vivsti, Sabda Kaumudi, Rajendra Suryodaya, etc. Pub. Abhidhana Rajendra Kosa Prakasana Sanstha, Ahmedabad 2nd Rep. ed. 1986, P. (1) 893, (2) 1215, (3) 1362, (4) 1364, (5) 1627, (6) 1468, (7) 1250. 2. Jaina Siddhanta Bola Sangraha (8 Vols.) compiled by Bhairo

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 151 dana Sethia, is an encyclopaedic dictionary of Jaina doctrines, planned on the model of the Sthanangasutra wherein the fundamental categories are grouped according to the number of their sub-divisions. Thus, consequently, the Sthanangasutra and Samavayargasutra are the main sources of this work. Besides, it utilises the matter of more than 100 prominent Jaina texts and their commentaries. It also provides the references of the authority. It contains treatment in detail in Hindi. The categories, with subdivision 1to 5 are dealt in the volume 1, those with 6 &7in vol. 2, with 8, 9, 10, in vol. 3, with 11-13 in vol. 4, 14 to 19 in 5, 20 to 30 in 6, 31to 57 in 7 and 58 to 70 in the last 8th. The volume 8 contains the alphabetical index of the categories treated in this work. This is very valuable for the systematic knowledge of Jaina doctrine. Pub. Bhairodana Sethia, Bhairodana Sethia Jaina Text Series No. 94, 100104, 106 &108, Jaina Paramarthika Sanstha, Bikaner 1945 to 1952, (1); p. 446,1949; (2) 441, 1947; (3); p.458, 1948; (4) p.520, 1950; (5) p.502, 1948; (6) p. 315,1943; (7) p. ?80, 1952; (8) p.340, 1945. 3. Jainendrasiddhantakosa (5-vols.) comp. by Ksullaka Jinendra Varni, an encyclopaedic work of Jaina doctrines and cosmology, is the result of dedication and hard work of the compiler, extending over 20 years. The Kosa is a source book of topics (alphabetically arranged), drawn from a large number of Jaina texts dealing with four Anuyogas. The range of works consulted numbers about 100 important Digambar texts. The extracts from the basic sources are given, with their Hindi translation. The Kosa includes many important tables and charts, furnishing the required details at a glance. Pub. ed. Hiralal Jain & A.N. Upadhye, Jnanapeeth Murtidevi Jaina Sanskrit Text Series No. 38, 40, 42, 43, 44 and 48, Bharatiya Jnanapeeth Publication, New Delhi, Ed. 2nd 1985 - 1995, P. (Vol. 1) 503, (2) 634, (3) 630, (4) 542; (5) 298, Bhiksu Agama Visaya Kosa (cyclopaedia of Jaina Canonical Texts) Pt. 1, an encyclopaedic dictionary, dealing minutely with selected Jaina technical terms, occurring in selected Jaina texts. The Kosa included 178 Jaina topics from Avasyakasutra, Dasavaikalikasutra, Uttaradhyayanasutra, Nandisutra and Anuyogadvarasutra. The entries are very carefully selected to provide a comprehensive idea contained in these texts. The translation, herein, is very authentic and lucid. The Kosa has two

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152 Sramana/July-December 2002 appendices: first containing 500 parables and second, alphabetical list of topics with their sources. Pub, Synod Chief Ganadhipati Tulsi, ed. Acarya Mahaprajna & Sadhvi Vimalaprajna etc. Jaina Visvabharati, Ladnun 1996, P. 43, 753. Paribhasika (Technical) Kosa 1. Jaina Gem Dictionary, ed. J. L. Jaini, is a small dictionary of Jaina technical terms. Pub. Jaina Siddhanta Bhavana, Arrah 1919. 2. Jaina Laksanavali (4 vols.). ed. Balacandra Siddhantasastri, is an alphabetical encyclopaedic dictionary of Jaina technical terms. It is based on more than 350 prominent Jaina texts canonical as well as non- canonical, mainly Svetambar but in some cases Digambar also. It contains definition of the terms, pertaining to Jaina philosophy, metaphysics, ethics, logic, epistemology, psychology, mythology etc. The object of this dictionary is to provide a source book of definition of important Jaina terms with Hindi translation, It is remarkable that not all definitions have been translated. The editor has given a brief sketch of about 100 Jaina texts in introduction. It has three appendices: bibliography of 351 Jaina texts, description of 137 Jaina authors and the list of authors in chronological order. Pub. Veer Seva Mandira Trust, Delhi (vol. 1) P.334, 1972; (2) P. 730, 1973; (3) P. (4) P. 3. Alpaparicita Saiddhantika Sabdakosa, 8 Vols. by Anandasagarasuri is a lexicon containing the difficult or rather lesser known terms, selected from Ardhamagadhi canons. It provides the various meanings in which the selected words have been used with illustrations, cited not only from canons but from their exegetical literature also. It also provides Sanskrit equivalents of Prakrit words. Pub. ed. Kancanavijaya & Ksemasagara, Seth Devacanda Lalabhai Jaina Pustakoddhara S.No. 101, Surat 1954, P.239 (1). 4. Jaina Paribhasa Sabdakosa, compiled by M. M. Candraprabhasagara, is a glossary of selected Jaina technical terms in Hindi. Pub. Prakrit Bharati Puspa 75, Prakrit Bharati Academy, Jaipur & Jitayasasri Foundation, Calcutta 1990, P. 141. 5. A Glossary of Jaina Terms, compiled & ed. by Dr. Nand lal Jain, containing English equivalents for the 3,000 most common Jaina terms on different aspects of Jainology. The arrangement of terms, herein, is non- traditional to facilitate dicriticalisation and to

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6. Dictionary of Jaina Terms (Prakrit to English /Hindi) by Mukul Raj Mehta, contains in alphabetical order the Jaina technical terms in Prakrit, selected from over 250 Jaina texts and commentaries. This dictionary contains transliteration, English and Hindi meaning of the term along with the definition of the term in Prakrit as occurred in the text and its transliteration with reference. . Pub. Kala Prakasana, Varanasi 2000, p. 250. Jaina Kosa Literature : 153 simplify finding terms in Roman alphabetical order. For example, it has separate categories of A (aa), S (Sh) and S (not found in English). This dictionary is likely to facilitate the uniform use of English terms for the Jaina technical terms. Pub. Jaina International, Ahmedabad 1995, P.120. Vyaktikosa (Biographical Dictionary) Prakrit Proper Names (English)(2 vols.) comp. by Dr. Mohan Lal Mehta & K. Rsabha Candra, it contains 8,000 proper names, occurred not only in Ardhamagadhi Jaina canonical texts i.e. of Svetambar tradition but found in their commentaries viz. Niryukti, Bhasya, Curni also. As the title suggests, proper names occurring in the Sanskrit comm. of canonical texts, not included. Of course, Sanskrit commentaries have been utilised for supplementing the information available in Prakrit original canonical texts and Prakrit commentaries, thereon. It contains an alphabetical index of the proper names. Pub. ed. Pt. Dalsukh Bhai Malvania, L. D. Series No. 28 (1), 37(2), Lalabhai Dalpatabhai Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad 1970 & 1972, P.12, 488 and 489 -1014. 1. 2. Vardhamana-Kosa (Hindi) ed. by Mohan Lal Banthia & Sricandra Coradia, this dictionary of Mahavira's biographical data contains details pertaining to Mahavira, as available in the various literary sources. For this purpose more than 90 works, belonging to tradition of Jainas: Svetambar and Digambar, as well as that of Buddhist and Brahmanic have been utilised. In conformity with Lesyakosa and Kriyakosa, the compilers have applied the International Decimal classification system in arranging the subject -matter. This work, a handy reference book, is very useful for source material on Mahavira, particularly for Svetambar version of his biography. The remarkable feature of this cyclopaedia is that the differences, in account, between Svetambar and Digambar tradition, have been

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154 : Sramana/July-December 2002 pointed out as and where required. Pub. ed. Mohan Lal Banthia & Sricandra Coradia, Jainagama Visaya Kosa Text Series No. 3, Jaina Darsana Samiti, Calcutta 1980, pp. 45, 576. 3. Jaina Jyoti (Aitihasikavyaktikosa) (Vol. 1) compiled by Jyoti Prasad Jain, it contains the description of the Jaina characters in alphabetical order in Hindi. It deals with Jaina Acarya, monks, nuns, kings, other royal personages, mythological characters, literatures, artists, prominent Jaina laities etc. The volume covers the period, corresponding to 2500 years i.e. from the Mahavira era to present day. Pub. Jnanadeep Publication, Lucknow 1988, P. 8,190. Visayakosa (Subject Dictionary) 1. Nighantusesa by Hemacandra (1088-1172 AD), a supplement to Abhidhanacintamani-Namamala, is a glossary of Botanical plants and herbs. Containing 396 verses, divided into 6 Kandas (sections) viz. Vrksa, Gulma, Lata, saka, Trna and Dhanya. Pub. In: Abhidhanasangraha, Nirnayasagar Press, Bombay 1896. Il ed. Muni Punyavijaya, Seth Devacanda Lalabha: Jaina Pustakoddhara Fund Series Ahmedabad 1968, // Mns. BORI 735 of 1875-76, BORI D. XVI. I. 117; Buh. 557; Pet. V, pp. 23-24.Comm.(1) NighantusesaTika by Vallabhagani is mentioned by author himself in his commentary Namasaroddhara on Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra. Mns. A Catalogue of the Sanskrit manuscript in the Br. Mus. by Cecil Bendall. London 1902.No. 403. Vastukosa by Nagavarman II (1139- 1149 AD), the author of the Bhasabhusana, is a lexicon of Sanskrit words, current in Kannada language. Based on the Kosas of Vararuci, Halayudha, Sasvata, Amarasingh etc. it is the most voluminous lexicon of Sanskrit - Kannada. Unpub. Vasturatnakosa by an unknown Jaina author is a short treatise in Sanskrit, dealing with 101 topics, pertaining to general culture; a cultured man of Ancient Indian society was expected to be aware. The theme of these topics was mostly secular comprising knowledge about social and political aspects. With respect to Purusartha, the theme was predominantly of Artha and Kama. The total number of Sutras, in different manuscripts varies from 100 to 104. The text only enumerates the main types of the object such as Trividha Bhumayah- land is of three types, while comm. specifies

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 155 Bhumi (land) as Unnata Pradesa (high land), Nimna Pradesa (low land) and Sama Pradesa (even land). Pub. ed. Jinavijayamuni, Rajasthan Puratana Text S. No. 45, Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, Jodhpur 1959, P. 7, 80, 64. 4. Apavarganamamala or Pancavarga-Pariharanamamala by Jinabhadrasuri (12th cent. AD), pupil of Jinavallabhasuri, of Kharataragaccha, treats of the words beginning only with alphabet ya, ra, la, va, sa, sa, sa and ha in variant syllables. Unpub. Chani 3249, Jesal. pp. 45, 64. 5. Apavarganamamala by Jinacandraturi. Mns. Chani. 396. (According to JRK, P. 12, it is same as above.) 6. Apavarganamamala, Jainagranthavali refers to another Apavarganamamala by anonymous containing 215 verses. 7. Akaradi- Vaidya-Nighantu (c. 1300 AD) ascribed to Amstanandi, is a medical dictionary. The date is given by Narasimhacar, but no evidence is adduced. (vide Jainism in South India, p. 237). 8. Unadinamamala (c. 1400-50 AD) of Subhasilagani, the pupil of Munisundara and Laksmisagara, composed in Sanskrit verses; it consists of words having Unadi suffixes. It is arranged in six Kandas (sections), on the model of Abhidhanacintamani. It also conforms to the former in the arrangement of the words. Mns. Chani 2971, Jac 696, Jainagranthavali P. 310, JBH P. 269, 9. Pancavargasangrahanamamala by Subhasilagani (c.1450-1500 AD), pupil of Munisundara of Tapagaccha. It is a small lexicon, imitating the Abhidhanacintamani of Hemacandra in style, division and general form. The names of its Kandas (sections) are Devadhideva-sabda-sangrahakanda, Devasabda-sangraha-kanda, Martya-kanda, Bhumikanda, Narakakanda and Samanyakanda. Other works of Subhasilagani are Bhojaprabandha, Punyasarakatha, Danadikatha, salivahanacaritra, Bharatesvara-Bahubalivstti, Satrunjaya-Kalpakatha, Snatspancasika-katha, Bhaktamara-katha and satrunjayakalpavstti. Mns. BORI 1384 of 1887-91; Br. Mus. 408, Leumann 113. 10. Lesyakosa (Cyclopaedia of Lesya) compiled by Mohan lal Banthia, it deals with Lesya (soul- colouring), very vital in Jaina doctrine of Karma. Every activity of the soul is accompanied by a

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156 : Sramana/July-December 2002 corresponding change in the material organism, subtle or gross. The Lesya is treated in very systematic way, comprehending all relevant textual materials on the subject, selected for the purpose. The volume contains extracts with Hindi translation collected from about 30 Jaina canonical as well as non-canonical texts. In fact, Lesyakosa is a specimen volume of a larger project, intended to compile a series of such volumes on important topics of Jainism. Pub. Compiler Mohanlal Banthia Sricanda Coradia, ed. Mohanlal Banthia, Jaina Visaya- Kosa S.No. 1, The Editor, Calcutta 1966, P. 39, 296. 11. Kriyakosa (Cyclopaedia of Kriya) comp. Acarya Tulsi, after Lesyakosa, deals Kriya as a word, as ritualistic Kriya, its relation with soul and Kriya and other relevant topics. As in the Lesyakosa, it applied the system of Decimal classification. This Kosa contains extracts with Hindi translation, collected from about 30 Jaina canonical and non-canonical Prakrit and Sanskrit texts. Pub. ed. Mohan lal Banthia & Krisnacandra Coradia, Jainagama Visaya Kosa Granthamala, Jaina Darsana Samiti 1969, P.60, 364. 12. Jaina Purana Kosa (Hindi) by ed. Pravinacandra Jain & Darabari lal Kothia, is a compendium of proper names with their descriptions, as found in parables, narratives, pertaining to 63 Salakapurusas (greatmen). It contains about 9, 000 proper names and 12,000 words, collected from 5 prominent Jaina Purana texts, viz. Mahapurana, Padmapurana, Harivansapurana, Pandavapurana and Viravadha-manacarita. The Kosa deals with mytho-logical, historical, characters, kings and dynasties, geographical places, Jaina technical terms, etc. It also provides reference to the source. Pub. Jaina Vidya Sansthana, Digamba Jaina Atisaya Ksetra, Srimahaviraji (Raj.) 1993, P.13, 551. 13. Jaina Agama: Vanaspati Kosa (Hindi), Ed. by Acarya Maha prajna this dictionary contains the detailed description, alongwith their pictures, of more than 450 Botanical plants occurred in Jaina canons. The work contains their Sanskrit equivalents, Hindi meaning, Synonyms as found in other Kosa texts in some cases and their names in other regional languages. It also gives information about the places of their production. Pub. Chief Editor Acarya Mahaprajna, Jaina Visva Bharati, Ladnun 1996, P. 14, 346,

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 157 Index 1. Agamon Ka Gathakosa Evari Visayanukramanika (Nandyadi-gathadyakaradiyuto Visayanukramo), compiled by Anandasagarasuri, contains alphabetical index of Sutras, Sutragathas from selected canons namely Nandi, Anuyogadvara, Avasyaka, Dasavaikalika and Uttaradhyayana. It also contains index of contents. Pub. Agamodayasamiti Granthoddhara Text S. No. 55, Agamodaya Samiti, Surat 1928, P.365. 2. Agamasabdakosa Pt. 1, contains alphabetical index of Prakrit words with their Sanskrit equivalents and their sources in 11 extant Anga texts: Acaranga etc. Pub. Vacanapramukha Acarya Tulsi, ed. Acarya Mahaprajna, Jaina Visvabharati, Ladnun 1980, P. 823. Sangrahakosa (Dictionary of Collections) 1. Puratana-Jaina-Vakya-Suci, Pt. 1, compiled by Jugalakisore Mukhtara, contains Gathas, collected from 64 texts as well as 48 commentaries etc. of Digambar tradition, arranged in alphabetical order. The number of Gathas collected, herein, is more than 25,000. It also contains an exhaustive introduction, dealing with authorship, date and content of works, included in this edition. Pub, Vira Seva Mandira, Delhi 1950. . 2. Jaina Grantha Prasasti-Sangraha, (2 Parts) by Jugalakishore Mukhtar, its first part contains Prasastis (concluding verses) of 171 works in Prakrit, valuable from historical point of view. These Prasastis contain dates about Sangha, Gaccha, dynasties, lineage of Gurus, places, time etc. This part has appendices, containing alphabetical list of geographical places, Sanghas, Ganas, Gacchas, kings, ministers, scholars, Acaryas, Bhattarakas and laities. The 2nd part contains Prasastis of 122 Apabhramsa works, throwing light on social as well as cultural aspects of Jainas. These Prasastis mostly belonged to unpublished works. Second part also contains list of geographical places etc. as appendices. Pub. Vira Seva Mandira, Delhi 1954, Kosas in Tamil 1. Cudamani- Nighantu (Tamil) by Manalapurushar, containing 12 chapters, in Viruttam metre is very popular. The author was the native of Penumandur, near TindiiVanam in North Arcot District. The first chapter is devoted to the treatment of the names of gods,

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158 Sramana/July-December 2002 second to human beings, the third and fourth, to the names of animals and flora, respectively. The names of places, several objects and those artificially created by men are found in fifth to 7th in respective order. The eighth is devoted to attributes, the ninth and tenth to articulate and inarticulate sounds, the eleventh with words, rhyming with one another and the last chapter deals with groups of related words. Many editions have been brought out of this dictionary, till date. (Jainism in South India, p.326, 328). 2. Pingala -Nighantu by a Tamil Jaina scholar Pingal Muni.(Jainism in South India, p. 332) Kosa in Kannada 1. Ranna-Kanda. (Kannada) by the great poet Ranna, forming the trio with Pampa and Ponna and author of many works like Ajitathankarapuranatilaka, Sahasabhimavijaya, Parasuramacarita and Cakresvaracarita. Born in Muduvonal in Belugali 500, between the rivers Ghataprabha and Krsna. His parents were practising Jaina and belonged to Banegarkula. He attained the patronage of Ganga kings. (Jainism in South India, p. 275.) This work is traceable only through few verses appended to the work with stamp Kaviratna, which may mean that the verses belonged to him. (Jainism in South India, p. 275.) 2. Abhidhanaratnamala (Kannada) by Nagavarma. Mns. Mudabidri Jainamutt Palm-leaf Collec..on No. 801. 3. Nanartharatnakara (Kannada) by Nagavarma. Mns. Mudabidri Jainamutt Palm-leaf Collection No. 47. Comm. (1) Kannada Mns. Mudabidri Jainamutt Palm-leaf Collection No. 47(dated 1576AD). Other Kosas 1. Tauruskinamamala or Yavanamala, a dictionary of SanskritPersian, composed by an anonymous, the son of a Jain minister Somadeva. Its only manuscript, containing 6 folios and bearing the name of the lexicographor's father and the date of writing of the manuscript (1649 AD) is mentioned in its concluding verses, is available in Lalabhai Dalpatabhai Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad. 2. Student's English -Paiya Dictionary by H.R. Kapadia is a small dictionary compiled with a view to enable the students to translate

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Jaina Kosa Literature : 159 English passages into Ardhamagadhi. It comprises 850 English words with their Ardhamagadhi equivalents. Pub. H.R. Kapadia, Surat 1941, p.10, 187. 3. Sanskrit - Prakrit Sabdakosa by A. S. Talker (details not available). 4. Sanskrit - Prakrit Sabdakosa by N. A. Godbole (details not available). Bibliography: 1. Encyclopedia Britannica Vol. 7, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. USA 1970. 2. Kothari,Jayanta & Jayanta Gadita, Gujrati Sahitya Kosa (Part 1), Gujrati Sahitya Parishad, Ahmedabad 1989. 3. Jainism in South India p. 275. 4. Kapadia, H R, Jaina Sanskrit Sahityano Itihasa, Vol.1 Part 1, Muktikamala Jaina Mohanmala, Vadodara 1956. 5. Muni Dulaharaja, Sanskrit Prakrit Jaina Vyakarana Aura Kosa Ki Paramapara, Kalu Gani Janma- Satabdi Samaroha Samiti, Chhapar (Raj.) 1977, P. XVIII, 570. 6. Muni Punyavijayaji, comp. & Ed. Muni Jambuvijaya, Catalogue of The Manuscripts of Patana Jaina Bhandara, 4 Parts, Sharadaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre, Ahmedabad 1991. 7. Raghavana, V., New Catalogus Catalogorum (Vols. 1-13), Madras University Sanskrit Series, University of Madras, Chennai 1966 1988. 8. Sastri, Pt. K Bhujabali, Kannadaprantiya Tadapatriya Granthasuci, Jnanapeeth Murtidevi Jaina Granthamala Sanskrit Series No. 2, Bharatiya Jnanapeeth, Kashi 1948. Shah, Pt. Ambalal, Jaina Sahitya Ka Brhad Itihasa, Vol. 5, Parshwanath Vidyapeeth S. No. 14, Varanasi 1990. 10. Tiwari, Bholanath, Kosa Vijnana, Sabdakara, Delhi 2nd Revised Edition 1987. 11. Velankar, Hari Damodar, Jinaratnakosah, Vol. I (Works), Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Govt. Oriental Series No. 4, Poona 1944, P. 466.

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM dinAMka 12 julAI ko jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya vijJAna vibhAga ke pravaktA DaoN0 saMjIva sarrApha kA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM Agamana huaa| yahA~ unhoMne Classification of Jaina Text and Modern System nAmaka viSaya para eka vyAkhyAna diyA aura upasthita vidvAnoM evaM zodha chAtroM kI vibhinna zaMkAoM kA sundara samAdhAna bhI kiyaa| 2 agasta ko iMglaiNDa ke Mr. Caris Philpott vidyApITha meM padhAre aura unhoMne yahA~ cAturmAsArtha virAjita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se vArtA kii| isI mAha prAkRta-bhASA ke marmajJa AcArya vizvanAtha pAThaka kA yahA~ zubhAgamana huaa| 23 agasta ko unhoMne yahA~ prAkRta evaM hindI-bhASA vijJAna nAmaka viSaya para apanA sAragarbhita vyAkhyAna prastuta kiyaa| sAmAjika samarasatA evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra nAmaka saMgoSThI sampanna pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM 17 navambara ko 'sAmAjika samarasatA evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra' nAmaka eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha evaM vArANasI ke sthAnakavAsI samAja dvArA saMyukta rUpa se Ayojita isa saMgoSThI meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke hindI-vibhAga ke pro0 rAjamaNi zarmA, darzana-vibhAga ke pro0 mukularAja mehatA, kAzI vidyApITha ke itihAsa vibhAga ke adhyakSa pro0 paramAnanda siMha, DI0e0vI0 kAleja, vArANasI ke pUrva prAcArya DaoN0 zItikaNTha mizra tathA sthAnakavAsI samAja, vArANasI ke adhyakSa zrI svatantra siMha nAhara, mAnavamilana ke vArANasI zAkhA ke saMyojaka, suprasiddha udyamI zrI Ara0 ke0 jaina tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya vidvAn evaM jaina samAja ke gaNamAnya jana upasthita the| isa saMgoSThI meM mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM bihAra sarakAra ke zikSA, saMsadIya kArya evaM laghu siMcAI mantrI DaoN0 Ara0sI0 pUrve sapatnIka upasthita the| vidyApITha kI ora se Agantuka atithiyoM ko zAla evaM zrIphala bheMTa kara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki yaha saMgoSThI vidyApITha meM cAturmAsArtha virAjita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI vidAI ke avasara para Ayojita kI gayI thii| zrI maNibhadrajI ma0 evaM zrI padamamuni jI ma0 ke maGgalAcaraNa se kAryakrama kA zubhArambha huaa| isa avasara para kAnapura se apane mAtA-pitA ke sAtha padhArI nanhIM bAlikA stuti jaina ne eka sundara bhajana prastuta kara zrotAoM ko bhAvavibhora kara diyaa| saMgoSThI meM pro0 paramAnanda siMha, pro0 mukularAja mehatA Adi ke sAtha-sAtha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM virAjita sAdhvI bhavyAnanda jI ma0, sAdhvI candraprabhA jI evaM

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 161 zrI padamamuni jI ne apane vicAra vyakta kiye| kAryakrama kI adhyakSatA pro0 rAjamaNi zarmA ne kii| isa kAryakrama kA saMcAlana vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha ne kiyaa| kAryakrama ke anta meM Agantuka atithiyoM ke sammAna meM sahabhoja kA bhI Ayojana rhaa| gaNinI jJAnamatI mAtAjI kA zubhAgamana digambara jaina samAja kI sarvocca sAdhvI gaNinI jJAnamatI mAtAjI kA vidyApITha meM dinAMka 22 navambara ko sasaMgha Agamana huaa| isa avasara para bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya vidvAna, digambara jaina samAja ke gaNamAnya vyakti Adi upasthita the| dinAMka 23 navambara ko prAta:kAla 8 baje jJAnamatI mAtAjI, candanAmatI mAtAjI evaM kSullaka zrI motIsAgarajI ne vidyApITha ke pustakAlaya kA avalokana kiyaa| isa avasara para vidyApITha kI ora se gaNinI pramukha dvArA racita aura vidyApITha ke pustakAlaya meM upalabdha granthoM kA bhI pradarzana kiyA gayA jisase Agantuka vidvAn evaM samAja ke loga mAtAjI kI vidvattA evaM sAhityasevA se paricita ho skeN| vidyApITha meM rakhe gaye ina granthoM ko dekhakara mAtAjI ne kahA ki isameM se kaI grantha to unake pAsa bhI nahIM hai| pustakAlaya ke avalokana ke pazcAt mAtAjI sasaMgha yahA~ kI kalAvIthikA meM bhI pdhaarii| isa avasara para unhoMne zrI satyendra mohana jaina se hAla meM hI prApta eka pratimA kA lokArpaNa bhI kiyaa| dopahara 11 baje AzIrvAda/pravacana goSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM nagara pUjya jJAnamatI mAtAjI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha saMgrahAlaya meM pArzvanAtha kI durlabha pratimA kA anAvaraNa karate hue| unake bagala meM khar3e haiM saMgrahAlaya ke niyAmaka zrI satyendra mohana jaina

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162 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara/2002 ke viziSTa vyakti upasthita rhe| apane pravacana meM candanAmatI mAtAjI ne Aja ho rahe zodhakAryoM ke sambandha meM apane vicAra vyakta karate hue kahA ki hama jo bhI zodha kareM vaha paramparA kI maryAdA meM ho| aisA koI zodha hama na kareM jo ki hamArI mAnyatA evaM astittva ko hI nakAra de| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM kiye jA rahe zodhakAryoM ke prati prasannatA vyakta karate hue unhoMne isa saMsthA ke nirantara vRddhi kI kAmanA kii| isa avasara para unhoMne mAtA jJAnamatI jI dvArA racita sAhitya bheMTa meM dene kI ghoSaNA kii| kSullaka zrImotIsAgarajI ne bhI apane AzIrvacana meM saMsthA ke prati zubhAzISa pradAna kiyaa| pUjya gaNinI mAtA jJAnamatI jI ne apane udbodhana meM zodha ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAgarUka hokara niSpakSa bhAva se kArya karane kI preraNA dete hue kahA ki Aja rAjanIti ko dharma se alaga rakhane kI bAta kahI jAtI hai, jabaki rAjanIti se dharma ko alaga nahIM apitu dharma se rAjanIti ko alaga rakhane kA prayAsa honA caahie| isa avasara para vidyApITha kI ora se prakAzita tattvArthasUtra-vyAkhyAkAra paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI- nAmaka grantha bhI unheM bheMTa kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro0 mahezvarI prasAda jI ne kahA Aja se 10 varSa pUrva maine mAtAjI se vArANasI padhArane kA jo nivedana kiyA thA, vaha Aja sAkAra ho uThA aura mAtAjI Aja sasaMgha vidyApITha meM virAjamAna haiN| isI dina AhAra ke pazcAt aparAhna 3 baje mAtAjI sasaMgha vArANasI nagara ke anya jinAlayoM ke darzanArtha ravAnA ho gayIM; kintu yahA~ upasthita sabhI logoM para sthAyI rUpa se apane vyaktitva evaM vidvattA kA amiTa prabhAva chor3a gyiiN| akhila bhAratIya prAcya vidyA sammelana meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI zodha-chAtrA puraskRta pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke lie yaha atyanta gaurava kI bAta hai ki purI, ur3IsA meM Ayojita akhila bhAratIya prAcya vidyA sammelana ke 41veM adhivezana meM dinAMka 13-15 disambara ko vahA~ jaina-vibhAga ke antargata vidyApITha kI zodha-chAtrA ku. madhulikA siMha dvArA prastuta zodha Alekha jainAcAryoM kA chandazAstra ko yogadAna ko sarvazreSTha Alekha ghoSita kara sAr3he cAra hajAra rupaye ke muni puNyavijaya smRti puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| jJAtavya hai ki ku0 madhulikA ne vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha ke nirdezana meM AcArya hemacandrakRta chandonuzAsana kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana viSaya para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM zodhaprabandha ko parIkSArtha prastuta kara diyA hai| ku0 madhulikA ko unakI isa akAdamika upalabdhi para vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se hArdika bdhaaii|

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM : 163 pro0 kArla eca0 paoNTara vidyApITha meM insAiklopIDiyA oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaphI ke sampAdaka pro0 kArla eca0 paoNTara dinAMka 17 disambara ko vidyApITha meM padhAre jahA~ vidyApITha ke adhikAriyoM evaM zodha-chAtroM ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| pro0 mahezvarI prasAda jI ne pro0 paoNTara ko yahA~ para kiye jA rahe zodhakAryoM kI vistRta jAnakArI dii| isa avasara para Agantuka atithi ne upasthita zodha-chAtroM se bhI unake dvArA kiye jA rahe zodhakAryoM kI jAnakArI lI aura unheM ucita sujhAva bhI diyaa|

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jaina jagat jaina zrAvakAcAra para rASTrIya vidvat saMgoSThI sampanna lakhanaU 15-16 agasta : digambara jaina cAturmAsa samiti tathA sAdhu-santa sevA samiti, cArabAga, lakhanaU dvArA pUjya muni zrI saurabhasAgara jI tathA muni zrI prabalasAgara jI ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM jaina zrAvakAcAra para do divasIya rASTrIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| munnelAla kAgajI dharmazAlA, cArabAga, lakhanaU meM 15-16 agasta 2002 ko cAra satroM meM Ayojita isa saMgoSThI meM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se padhAre vidvAnoM ne zrAvakAcAra kA paricaya, vibhinna zrAvakAcAra, vartamAna meM unakI prAsaMgikatA tathA unameM apekSita sudhAra Adi vibhinna viSayoM para vistRta carcA kii| jaina yoga para rASTrIya saMgoSThI sampanna mumbaI 6 akTUbara, panyAsapravara munizrI aruNavijayajI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM jUhU vile pArle, mumbaI meM jaina yoga para do divasIya rASTrIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isameM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se padhAre lagabhaga 50 vidvAnoM ne apane-apane zodha patroM kA vAcana kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI kI ora se DaoN0 vijaya kumAra ne " jaina dhyAna sAdhanA kA kramika vikAsa evaM DaoN0 sudhA jaina ne "jaina yoga sAhitya : eka parizIlana" nAmaka zodha Alekha kA vAcana kiyaa| prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura meM rASTrIya saMgoSThI sampanna DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA saMcAlita 'prAcya vidyApITha', zAjApura ( ma0pra0) meM di0 9-11-02 se 10-11-02 taka 'bhAratIya cintana meM jIvana mUlya' nAmaka viSaya para rASTrIya saMgoSThI Ayojita kI gyii| udghATana satra kI adhyakSatA navIna snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya ke prAcArya DaoN0 tugnAvata ne kii| vizeSa atithi karnala DI0esa0 bayA- udayapura evaM zrI zAntilAla jI sUryA ujjaina the| viSayapravartana pro0 sAgaramala jI ne kiyaa| isI avasara para gAyatrI parivAra, zAjApura saMsthAna ko AcArya zrIrAma zarmA dvArA racita sAhitya evaM karnala bayA ne prAthya vidyApITha ko 21 hajAra rupaye kA ceka pradAna kiyaa| do divasIya isa saMgoSThI meM DaoN0 aruNapratApa siMha- vArANasI, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya- vArANasI, karnala DI0esa0 bayA- udayapura, DaoN0 sureza sisodiyA- udayapura, DaoN0 vinodakumAra zarmA- zAjApura

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jaina-jagat : 165 evaM anya sthAnIya vidvAnoM ne apane zodhapatroM kA vAcana kiyaa| isI avasara para zrI candrazekharajI yogAcArya- indaura ke sAnidhya meM do divasIya yogazivira kA Ayojana bhI kiyA gyaa| vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM navanirmita bhojanazAlA kA zrI zAntilAla jI sUryA ne udghATana kiyaa| saMgoSThI ke samApana satra kI adhyakSatA zAsakIya mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, zAjApura kI prAcAryA ne kiyaa| kAryakrama kA saMcAlana DaoN0 rAjendra jaina ne kiyaa| ullekhanIya hai ki isa saMgoSThI ke sUtradhAra jainadharma-darzana ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn evaM prAcya vidyApITha ke saMsthApaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina ne samAgata vidvAnoM ko sammAnita kiyaa| keDio klAsika dvArA Ayojita rASTrIya sammelana sampanna mumbaI 25 navambara : 'jaina vasudhA' ke tattvAvadhAna meM zrI kacchI dazA osavAla jaina saMgha kI saMsthA keDio klAsika' dvArA 24 navambara ko mATuMgA- mumbaI meM 'jainoM kI ghaTatI janasaMkhyA' nAmaka viSaya para eka divasIya rASTrIya sammelana kA Ayojana kiyA gayA, jisakI adhyakSatA zrI mahendra kumAra lAlakA, pulisa mahAnidezaka (prazikSaNa) uttara pradeza ne kii| saprasiddha samAjazAstrI zrI vilAsa AdinAtha saMgave, zrI jayantakumAra bAMThiyA- bhArata ke mahArajisTrAra, zreSThIvarya zrI nirmalakumAra seThI Adi pramukha hastiyA~ isa samAroha meM upasthita rhiiN| paMcAla zodha saMsthAna kA adhivezana sampanna kAnapura 28-29 disambara : paMcAla zodha saMsthAna, kAnapura kA 16vAM vArSika sammelana saMsthAna ke saMsthApaka adhyakSa sva0 bI0Ara0 kumbhaTa smRti samAroha ke rUpa meM rAjasthAna bhavana, karAcIkhAnA, kAnapura meM di0 28-29 disambara 2002 ko sampanna huaa| isa avasara para prophesara kRSNadata vAjapeyI smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA ke antargata lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya ke prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAga ke adhyakSa pro0 zailendranAtha kapUra kA vizeSa vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiyA gayA aura saMsthAna kI vArSika zodha patrikA 'paMcAla' ke navIna aMka tathA kucha anya granthoM kA vimocana bhI huaa| niHzulka netra zalya cikitsA zivira sampanna hAbar3A 30 disambara : sva. AcArya zrInAnAlAla jI ma.sA. kI tRtIya puNyatithi para zrI jaina hAspiTala eNDa risarca seNTara, hAvar3A meM 29 disambara ko prAta: 1.30 baje niHzulka netra zalyacikitsA evaM vikalAMga sahAyatA zivira kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| varSa 2003 meM 400 netra rogiyoM ke netroM kI zalyacikitsA evaM jayapura pAMva va kailIpara 100 vikalAMgoM ko pradAna karane kA ukta saMsthA kA

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166 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara/2002 lakSya hai| DaoN0 rajanI rAmapuriyA dvArA prathama dina 60 netra rogiyoM kI zalyacikitsA kI gyii| pratyeka ravivAra ko yahAM 50 rogiyoM kI niHzulka zalyacikitsA kA lakSya rakhA gayA hai| isa avasara para zrImatI vasantI devI kAMkariyA ne eka lAkha, zrI rikhabadAsa jI bhaMsAlI ne 50 hajAra, zrImatI phUlakumArI kAMkariyA ne 70 hajAra tathA anya samAjasevI parivAroM dvArA dAna kI bar3I rakama ghoSita kI gyii| sthAnakavAsI samAja, kolakAtA dvArA kiyA jA rahA yaha kArya hama sabhI ke lie anukaraNIya hai| aise puNyakArya ke lie sthAnakavAsI jainasabhA, kolakAtA ke sabhI sadasya badhAI ke pAtra haiN| haridvAratIrtha para pauSa dazamI kA bhavya kAryakrama sampanna haridvAra 31 disambara : zrI cintAmaNi pArzvana jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha, haridvAra kI puNyabhUmi para bhagavAn pArzvanAtha janma kalyANaka mahotsava dinAMka 28-29-30 disambara ko pUjya AcArya zrImadvijayacandrasenasUrIzvara jI mahArAja ThANA 5 ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM manAyA gyaa| isa avasara para vizAkhApaTTanam se 800 yAtriyoM kA eka saMgha bhI yahA~ aayaa| . patrAcAra prAkRta sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama sambandhI sUcanA digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA vigata varSoM se saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI dvArA 'patrAcAra prAkRta sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama' prArambha kiyA jA rahA hai| satra 1 julAI 2003 se prArambha hone jA rahA hai| isameM prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI evaM anya bhASAoM/viSayoM ke prAdhyApaka, apabhraMza-prAkRta zodhArthI evaM saMsthAnoM meM kAryarata vidvAn sammilita ho skeNge| niyamAvalI evaM Avedanapatra dinAMka 25 mArca se 15 apraila 2003 taka akAdamI kAryAlaya, digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-302004 se prApta kreN| kAryAlaya meM Avedanapatra pahu~cane kI antima tArIkha 15 maI 2003 hai| smRti zeSa DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candrA divaMgata ___ahamadAbAda 6 akTUbara : prAkRta-bhASA aura sAhitya ke talasparzI vidvAn, suprasiddha cintaka aura saMzodhaka DaoN0 ke0Ara0 candrA kA 5 akTUbara ko ahamadAbAda meM prAta: 9.30 baje lagabhaga 65 varSa kI avasthA meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apa pichale kucha samaya se asvastha cala rahe the| gajasata vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda meM prAkRta-bhASA-vibhAga ke adhyakSa

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jaina - jagat : 167 ke rUpa meM Apane prAkRta bhASA ke adhyayana-adhyApana aura saMzodhana ke kSetra meM naye kIrtimAna sthApita kiye| Apake saMyojakatva va nirdezana meM ahamadAbAda meM samaya-samaya para prAkRta bhASA evaM sAhitya para rASTrIya saMgoSThiyAM Ayojita hotI rahIM jinameM deza ke labdhapratiSTha vidvAn upasthita hokara una saMgoSThiyoM kI garimA bar3hAte hue DaoN0 candrA kI vidvattA ko svIkAra karate the| prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya para deza meM zodha kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM kI saMkhyA vaise bhI u~galiyoM para ginane lAyaka thI, DaoN0 candrA ke asAmayika nidhana se usameM to aura bhI kamI A gyii| jaina vidyA kI isa mahattvapUrNa vidhA ke marmajJa DaoN0 candrA ke avasAna se jo kSati huI hai usakI pUrti honI nikaTa bhaviSya meM nahIM dikhAyI detI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra azrupUrita netroM se DaoN0 candrA ko hArdika zraddhAJjali arpita karatA hai| paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI svargastha kAzI kI prAcIna jaina pANDitya paramparA kI prAyaH antima kar3I paM0 amRtalAla jI zAstrI aba hamAre bIca nahIM rhe| 8 navambara 2002 ko 86 varSa kI dIrgha Ayu meM ApakA nidhana huaa| digambara vidvAnoM ke udgamasthala bundelakhaNDa ke lalitapura jile meM 7 julAI 1917 ko janme amRtalAla jI kI prArambhika zikSA lalitapura aura baruAsAgara tathA ucca zikSA syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI meM sampanna huii| apanI vicakSaNa pratibhA se adhyayana pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI Apa vahA~ jaina darzanAdhyApaka niyukta hue| 1958 I0 se Apane vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya (vartamAna sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya) meM jainadarzana ke prAdhyApaka ke rUpa meM apanI sevA denI prArambha kI aura vahIM se sevAnivRtta hue| isake pazcAt bhI Apa adhyayana aura zodha ke kSetra meM lage rhe| AcArya tulasI ke Agraha se Apane brAhmI vidyApITha, lADanUM meM adhyApana prArambha kiyaa| vahAM 17 varSa taka apanI sevA ke dene ke pazcAt Apa kAzI lauTa Aye aura sthAyI rUpa se yahIM rahane lge| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se ApakA ghaniSTha sambandha rhaa| Apa yahAM ke prAyaH sabhI kAryakramoM meM sammilita hote the| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ne Apake sammAna meM abhI 3 varSa pUrva zramaNa kA eka vizeSAMka nikAlA thA jisameM Apake cune hue lekhoM kA saMgraha thaa| yadyapi Aja Apa pArthiva rUpa se hamAre bIca nahIM hai; kintu apane jJAnazarIra se sadaiva jIvita rheNge| vidyApITha parivAra paNDitajI ko hArdika zraddhAJjali arpita karatA hai|

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sAhitya-satkAra nirgrantha aitihAsika lekhasamuccaya (prathama evaM dvitIya khaNDa), lekhaka prAdhyApaka madhusUdana DhAMkI, zreSThI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI zodha lekha-samuccaya zreNi granthAMka 4 aura 5, prakAzaka- zreSThI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI smAraka nidhi, ahamadAbAda; prAptisthAna- zAradA bahena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca seNTara 'darzana', rANakapura sosAyaTI ke sAmane, zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda 380004; pRSTha prathama bhAga24+340, dvitIya bhAga- 20+304+87 pleTa; AkAra- rAyala; mUlya- prathama khaNDa 400/- rupaye, dvitIya khaNDa 500/- rupye| prastuta grantha 'nirgrantha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya' (prathama evaM dvitIya khaNDa) jaina-paramparA ke sAhitya, itihAsa, sthApatyakalA aura purAtattva ke zIrSastha vidvAn prAdhyApaka madhusUdana DhAMkI ke gujarAtI-bhASA meM pUrva prakAzita zodha AlekhoM kA saMkalana hai| prathama khaNDa meM kula 34 Alekha haiN| inake nAma isa prakAra haiM--- 1- sAhityaane purAtattvanA pariprekSya meM gujarAta mAM nirgrantha-darzana; 2- aitihAsika pariprekSyamA 'namaskAramaMgala'; 3- bhadrAcArya ane dattilAcArya; 4- 'svabhAva sattA' viSayaka traNa jUnA jaina-grantha antargata maNatAM uddharaNovize; 5- svAmI samantabhadrano samaya; 6- vAdI-kavi bappabhaTTisUri; 7- pAdaliptasUriviracita 'nirvANakalikA'no samaya ane AnuSaMgika samasyAo; 8- kahAvalikartA bhadrezvarasUrinA samaya vize; 9- 'gautamasvAmIstava'nA kartA vajrasvAmI vize; 10- naimistutikAra vijayasiMhasUri vize; 11- solaMkIyugIna itihAsanA keTalAMka upekSita pAtro; 12- 'mInaladevInuM asalI abhidhAna, 13. zrIpAla-parivArano kuladharma; 14- kavi rAmacandra ane kavi sAgaracandra; 15amamasvAmicaritano racanAkAla; 16- 'karpUraprakara'no racanAkAla; 17- 'syAdvAdamaMjarI' kartR malliSeNasUrinA guru udayaprabhasUri koNa?; 18- jIrNadurga-jUnAgar3ha vize; 19vyaMtara vAlInAha vize; 20- tIrthaMkaronI nirvANabhUmio saMbaddha stotro; 21AryanaMdilakRta 'vairoTyAdevI stava' tathA 'upasargaharastotra'no racanAkAla; 22saMgamasUrikRta saMskRta-bhASAbaddha 'caityaparipATIstava'; 23- kumudacandrAcAryapraNIta 'cikuradvAtriMzikA'; 24- sAgaracandrakRta kriyAgarbhita 'caturviMzatijinastava'; 25jaitrasUriziSyakRta 'vItarAgastuti'; 26- jJAnacandrakRta saMskRta-bhASA-nibaddha 'zrIraivatagiritIrthastotra'; 27- jayatilakasUri viracita 'zrIgiranAra caitya pravADi'; 24ajJAtakartRka 'zrIgiranAra cetta parivADi'; 29- karNasiMhakRta giranArastha kharataravasahI-gIta'; 30- dharmaghoSasUrigacchIya (rAjagacchIya) amaraprabhasUrikRta 'zatrujaya caityaparipATIstotra';

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sAhitya-satkAra : 169 31- 'zrIpuMDarIkazikharIstotra' aparanAma zrI zatrujayamahAtIrthaparipATikA'; 32- zrI somaprabhagaNi viracita 'zrIsettuja cetta pravADi'; 33- lakhapatikRta 'settuja cettapravADi'; 34- kavi depAlakRta zatrujayagiristha 'kharataravasahI giit'| isI prakAra dvitIya khaNDa meM kula 22 Alekha haiN| inake nAma isa prakAra haiM1- airavADA gAmanA alpajJAta jinapratimA lekha vize; 2- giranAranA eka navaprasiddha prazastilekha para dRSTipAta; 3- ujjayaMtagirinA pUrva prakAzita abhilekho vize; 4ujjayaMtagirinA keTalAka aprakaTa utkIrNa lekho; 5- vaMthaNInA be navaprApta jaina abhilekha : samIkSAtmaka laghu adhyayana; 6- porabaMdaranI vAsupUjya jinanI bAghelAkAlIna pratimA ane teno abhilekha; 7- porabaMdaranA zAntinAtha jinAlayanA be zilAlekho; 8bhRgukaccha-munisuvratanA aitihAsika ullekho; 9- 'prabhAvakacarita' nA eka vidhAna para saMvicAra; 10- vimalavasahInI keTalIka samasyAo; 11- siddharAjakArita jinamaMdiro; 12- 'siddhameru' aparanAma 'jayasiMhameruprAsAda' tathA 'sahasraliMgataTAka'nA abhidhAnanuM arthaghaTana; 13- kumArapAla ane kumAravihAro; 14- tAraMgAnA arhat ajitanAthanA mahAprAsAdano kArApaka koNa?; 15- vastupAlatejapAlanI kIrtanAtmaka pravRttio; 16- prabhAsapATanAM prAcIna jina mandiro; 17- sAhitya ane zilpa mAM 'kalyANatraya'; 18- ujjayaMtagirinA 'kharataravasahI'; 19- giranArastha 'kumAravihAra' nI samasyA; 20- gerasappAnAM jinamaMdiro; 21- nAMdiyAnI purAtana jinapratimA aura 22mahuvAthI prApta prAk-madhyakAlIna jina prtimaa| uparokta sabhI Alekha pathika, phArnasa gujarAtI sabhA patrikA, vidyApITha, sAmIpya, svAdhyAya, sambodhi evaM nirgrantha jaise pratiSThita zodha-patrikAoM evaM jaina vidyA ke AyAma, khaNDa 2 meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| cUMki ukta sabhI zodhapatrikAe~ evaM grantha prAya: sarvatra upalabdha nahIM the ata: ina viSayoM para zodha-kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ko bhArI kaThinAI kA sAmanA karanA par3atA thaa| zreSThI kastUrabhAI lAlabhAI smAraka nidhi dvArA nirgrantha aitihAsika lekha-samuccaya ke rUpa meM prAdhyApaka zrI DhAMkI ke katipaya zodha AlekhoM ke puna: prakAzita ho jAne se ina viSayoM para zodha karane vAle adhyetAoM ko eka hI sthAna para aisI sAmagrI upalabdha ho jA rahI hai jo unheM na kevala zodha ke naye AyAma prastuta karegI balki unakA ucita mArgadarzana bhI kregii| mUla srotoM se sAmagrI saMkalana kI ucita paddhati, unakA sahI evaM niSpakSa mUlyAMkana, pAda-TippaNiyoM kI sampUrNatA, sugaThita vAkya racanA, punarukti doSa se rahita sundara vAkya prAdhyApaka zrI DhAMkI ke lekhoM evaM granthoM meM sarvatra dekhI jA sakatI hai| ina sabase alaga eka anya tathya bhI hai, vaha hai unake niSkarSoM kI praamaanniktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja pro0 DhAMkI ke lekhoM ke sandarbha sarvatra bar3e hI Adara ke sAtha uddhRta kiye jAte haiN| aise mahattvapUrNa lekhoM ko saMkalita aura unheM zuddha rUpa meM prakAzita kara prakAzaka saMsthA ke niyAmaka

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170 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara/2002 evaM isa granthamAlA ke pradhAna sampAdaka DaoN0 jItendra bI0 zAha ne atyanta mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai jisake lie ve badhAI ke pAtra haiN| hama unase apekSA rakhate haiM ki bhaviSya meM bhI ve isI prakAra kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karate rheNge| uttama kAgaja para mudrita isa grantha kI sAja-sajjA atyanta AkarSaka tathA mudraNa suspaSTa hai| grantha ke donoM bhAgoM kA mUlya 900/- rupayA rakhanA prakAzaka saMsthA kI udAratA kA paricAyaka hai| yaha grantha sabhI zodha pustakAlayoM aura ukta viSayoM para kArya karane vAle adhyetAoM ke lie anivArya rUpa se saMgrahaNIya aura mananIya hai| prabhAvaka sthaviro- lekhaka- DaoN0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha; bhASA- gujarAtI; prakAzaka- zrI mumbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha, 385, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela roDa, mumbaI 400004; pRSTha 8+478; AkAra- DimAI; mUlya 150/- rupye| prastuta pustaka gujarAtI jaina-sAhitya ke puprasiddha lekhaka DaoN0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha kI eka anamola kRti hai| pustaka 5 vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama vibhAga meM gaNivara zrI muktivijaya jI (zrI mUlacanda jI mahArAja); zrI vijayAnandasUri jI mahArAja (zrI AtmArAma jI mahArAja); zrI vijayavallabhasUri jI mahArAja; zrImad buddhisAgarasUrijI mahArAja aura zrI cAritravijaya jI mahArAja kA 92 pRSThoM meM savistAra jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai| dvitIya vibhAga meM zrI bUTerAya jI mahArAja; zrI vRddhicandajI mahArAja; zrI mohanalAla jI mahArAja aura zrI vijayazAntisUri jI mahArAja kI lagabhaga 100 pRSThoM meM jIvanI dI gayI hai| tRtIya vibhAga meM lagabhaga 78 pRSThoM meM zrI rAjendrasUri jI mahArAja; zrI zAntisAgara jI mahArAja aura zrI ajarAmarasvAmI kA jIvana caritra varNita hai| ullekhanIya hai ki zrI zAntisAgara jI mahArAja digambara-sampradAya ke aura ajarAmarasvAmI sthAnakavAsI-paramparA se sambaddha rahe haiN| caturtha vibhAga meM vijayadharmasUri jI mahArAja aura AnandasAgara jI mahArAja kA lagabhaga 47 pRSThoM meM varNana hai| pA~caveM aura antima vibhAga meM lagabhaga 100 pRSThoM meM paNDita kavi zrI vIravijaya jI mahArAja; zAsanasamrAT zrI vijayanemisUri jI mahArAja aura zrI vijaya rAmacandrasUri jI mahArAja kI jIvanI dI gayI hai| isa prakAra DaoN0 zAha ne jaina-paramparA meM pichale 200 varSoM meM hue ukta prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA eka prAmANika jIvana caritra prastuta kara eka mahAn . kArya sampanna kiyA hai| hama AzA karate haiM ki bhaviSya meM ve isI prakAra isI kAla khaNDa meM jaina-paramparA meM hue anya pramukha prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA bhI isI prakAra se jIvanacaritra prastata kreNge| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka aura mudraNa suspaSTa hai| aise sundara grantha ke lekhana aura usake mahattvapUrNa rUpa meM prakAzana ke lie lekhaka aura prakAzaka donoM badhAI ke pAtra haiN| yaha pustaka sabhI gujarAtI bhASA-bhASI jaina zrAvakoM ke lie paThanIya aura pustakAlayoM ke lie saMgrahaNIya hai| zivaprasAda

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sAhitya-satkAra : 171 zAntasudhArasam-bhAga1, vivecaka- zrIratnacandrasUrIzvara jI ma0 sA0 DahelAvAlA; bhASA- gujarAtI; prakAzaka- zrI puraSAdAnIya pArzvanAtha jaina saMgha, devakInandana, darpaNa sarkila ke pAsa, rUpaka sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda; mUlya 40/- rupye| prastuta pustaka upAdhyAya vinaya vijaya jI dvArA racita zAntasudhArasa nAmaka kRti para AcArya bhagavanta zrImadratnacandrasUri dvArA gujarAtI bhASA meM likhe gaye vivecana kA mudrita rUpa hai| anityAdi bAraha bhAvanAe~ tathA maitrAdi cAra bhAvanAe~ milAkara kula 16 bhAvanAoM meM se pUrvArdhasvarUpa ATha bhAvanAoM ke tAttvika varNana ko Adhunika bhASA kA rUpa dekara sthAna-sthAna para aneka muktaka kAvya, pada, kavitAe~ evaM dRSTAntoM kA isameM bharapUra prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prastuta pustaka bhoga-upabhoga kI duniyA meM DUbe logoM ko saMsAra kI niHsAratA kA zAnta rasa ke mAdhyama se jJAna karAne meM sakSama hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka aura mudraNa suspaSTa hai| sAdhvI bhavyAnanda pUchatA nara paNDitA, lekhaka- DaoN0 kavina zAha; bhASA- gujarAtI; prakAzakakusuma ke0 zAha, 3/1, mANeka zA, aSTamaMgala apArTamenTa, bIlI cAra rastA, bIlImorA-396321; AkAra- DimAI; prathama saMskaraNa; mUlya- 125/- rupyaa| praznottara zailI jaina AgamoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| vidvAn zramaNoM ne bhI samaya-samaya para vibhinna bhASAoM meM praznottara zailI ke granthoM kI racanAe~ kI haiN| aisI racanAe~ vipula parimANa meM upalabdha haiN| prastuta grantha vibhinna viSayoM se sambaddha gyAraha sau praznoM kA jainadharma ke dRSTikoNa se diye gaye uttaroM kA saMgraha svarUpa hai| janasAmAnya ko vibhinna viSayoM kA eka hI grantha se samucita samAdhAna prApta ho jAtA hai, isa dRSTi se DaoN0 kavina zAha dvArA kiyA gayA yaha prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai| eka hI grantha ke samyak svAdhyAya se aneka gahana viSayoM kA jJAna prApta hone kI sambhAvanA se prastuta grantha kA pUchatA nara paNDitA nAma sArthaka hai| sAdhvI bhavyAnanda jinatattva, bhAga 1, lekhaka- DaoN0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha; bhASA- gujarAtI; prakAzaka- zrI mumbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha, 385, saradAra vallabhabhAI paTela roDa, mumbaI 400004; AkAra- DimAI; prathama saMskaraNa; mUlya 200/- rupyaa| jaina-sAhitya ke suparicita lekhaka DaoN0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha haiN| vivecya grantha meM tattva mImAMsA, jJAna mImAMsA tathA AcAra mImAMsA se sambandhita vibhinna AlekhoM kA saMgraha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jainadharma ke gambhIra dRSTikoNa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae aneka mananIya viSayoM jaise sallekhanA, dharmadhyAna Adi 47 viSayoM kA isameM vizad rUpa se vivecana hai| lekhaka kI bhASA atyanta sarala evaM sugama hone se janasAmAnya

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172 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara/2002 ke lie bhI yaha grantha atyanta upayogI hai| grantha kI sAja-sajjA bhI AkarSaka aura mudraNa truTirahita hai| sAdhvI siddhAntarasA zrI candraprabha kI zreSTha kahAniyA~ : sampAdaka- mahopAdhyAya lalitaprabhasAgara; prakAzaka- jitayazA phAuNDezana, 9-sI, esplAneDa ro IsTa, kolakAtA-700069; dvitIya saMskaraNa 2001; AkAra- DimAI, pRSTha 4590; mUlya- 15/ jIvana aura darzana ke nIrasa satya ko AkarSaka rUpa meM prastuta karanA hI kahAnI hai aura yahI prastuti hameM "zrI candraprabha kI zreSTha kahAniyA~' nAmaka pustaka meM dRSTigata hotI hai| prastuta saMkalana meM munizrI candraprabha ne kahAnI ke mAdhyama se samAja ke AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko gati dene kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| kahAniyoM kA zIrSaka AkarSaka evaM kahAnI kI mukhya ghaTanA se sambaddha hai| isameM kula cha: kahAniyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai jisameM "kUla do, pravAha eka", "jyoti miTTI ke die kI", "mukta ho atimukta', pratIkAtmaka pratIta hotI hai vahA~ "balidAna' kahAnI meM pratyeka ghaTanA kA pAtra ke sAtha sAmaJjasya baiThA hai| bAhubala/Atmabala zIrSaka kahAnI ke antardvandva ko ujAgara karatA hai to kAMkSA se niSkAMkSA kI ora zIrSaka ghaTanAkrama kI viparItatA ko Adi se anta taka prakAza meM lAtA hai| pratyeka kahAnI kI bhASA-zailI viziSTa hai jisameM varNanAtmaka, vizleSaNAtmaka tathA saMvAda zailI kA prabhAvI DhaMga se prayoga huA hai| pustaka ke dvitIya saMskaraNa ke prakAzana se hI siddha hotA hai ki ye kahAniyA~ kAphI lokapriya haiN| kula milAkara "zrI candraprabha kI zreSTha kahAniyA~" paThanIya hai| rAghavendra pANDeya phira koI mukta ho : lekhaka- munizrI candraprabha; prakAzaka- pUrvokta; prathama saMskaraNa 2002; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 90; mUlya- 15/ . "phira koI mukta ho' munizrI candraprabha ke pravacana kA saMkalana hai jisameM samaya-samaya para diye gaye cha: pravacanoM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| prAya: pravacana dArzanika evaM kaThina zabdoM se yukta hote haiM jise sAmAnyajana ke lie AtmasAta karanA durUha kArya hotA hai| zrIcandraprabha ne ina pravacanoM meM itanI sarala bhASA kA prayoga kiyA jisase ve sahaja hI mana meM baiTha jAte haiN| pravacanoM meM preraNAdAyI prasaMga, unakA sarala evaM subodha bhASA meM vizleSaNa hameM jIvana-darzana kI maulikatA kA darzana karAtA hai| guru ke AtmajJAna kI lau jaba hRdaya ko sparza karatI hai tabhI cetanA meM abhIpsA evaM jAgaraNa prajvalita hotA hai| muni zrIcandraprabha ke ye pravacana logoM ko sahaja hI prabhAvita kareMge aura ve ise AtmasAta kara lAbhAnvita hoNge| rAghavendra pANDeya (zodhachAtra)

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sAhitya-satkAra : 173 phira mahAvIra cAhie : lekhaka- munizrI candraprabha; prakAzaka- pUrvokta; prathama saMskaraNa 2001; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 75; mUlya- 15/- rupayA / " phira mahAvIra cAhie" munizrI candraprabha dvArA 1998 IsvI meM nAgaura meM diye gaye pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM kula chaH pravacana haiN| Aja vizva svArtha, hiMsA aura durAgrahoM se gujara rahA hai aise meM mahAvIra usake lie ekamAtra samAdhAna ho sakate haiN| muni zrI candraprabha jI ne apane pravacanoM meM yathAsthAna ucita dRSTAnta uddhRta kara mahAvIra ke mArgoM para calane kA sandeza diyA hai| mahAvIra ne prANimAtra ke lie prema - maitrI evaM karuNA kA sandeza diyA, jo Aja kAphI prAsaMgika ho cukA hai| jahA~ vizva meM eka dUsare ke prati hiMsA, chala-prapaJca, bhraSTAcAra hAvI hotA jA rahA hai, mahAvIra kA upadeza hameM sahaja hI apanI ora AkarSita kara letA hai / 'ahiMsA' hameM sandeza detA hai ki hama 'gorI' ke jabAba meM 'agni' to taiyAra kara sakate haiM; kintu ahiMsA se bar3hakara dUsarA zastra nahIM taiyAra kara skte| eka dUsare ke prati prema eka amogha astra hai jo akATya hai| yaha hameM mahAvIra ke sandezoM meM hI dRSTigata ho sakatA hai| rAghavendra pANDeya (zodhachAtra) ur3ie paMkha pasAra : lekhaka- muni zrI candraprabha; prakAzaka- pUrvokta; prathama saMskaraNa 2001; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha- 194; mUlya- 30/- rupayA / 1 munizrI candraprabha zramaNa paramparA ke dedIpyamAna nakSatra haiN| unakI lekhanI se aba taka saikar3oM grantha niHsRta ho cuke haiN| pravacana kalA meM siddhahasta kA munizrI kA uparokta grantha janakapurI, ajamera meM agasta 2000 meM diye gaye pravacanoM kA saMgraha - rUpa hai| inake mAdhyama se munizrI ne gUr3hatama viSayoM ko vibhinna udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se janasAmAnya ke mana meM pahu~cAne kA sArthaka prayAsa kiyA hai| AzA hai munizrI ke pravacanoM se samAja lAbhAnvita hogA / pustaka sundara bAiNDiga meM uttama sAja-sajjA ke sAtha hai| pustaka kA kavara sahaja hI AkarSita karatA hai| chapAI bhI atyanta sundara evaM spaSTa hai| itane kama mUlya meM pustaka meM prastuta motI ke dAnerUpI 15 pravacanoM ko par3hakara samAja avazya lAbhAnvita hogA aura apane ko susaMskRta pragati ke patha para lAne meM sakSama hogaa| rAghavendra pANDeya ( zodhachAtra) dharma Akhira kyA hai? ; lekhaka - mahopAdhyAya lalitaprabhasAgara; prakAzakapUrvokta; prathama saMskaraNa 2002; AkAra - DimAI; pRSTha- 146; mUlya- 30/- rupayA / prastuta pustaka mahopAdhyAya lalitaprabhasAgara dvArA nAgaura meM 1988 meM diye gaye pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM kula 14 pravacana diye gaye haiN| inakA sampAdana zrImatI latA bhaNDArI 'mIrA' ne kiyA hai| dharma eka bar3A hI gUr3ha viSaya hai jise bar3e hI sundara

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174 : zramaNa / julAI-disambara / 2002 DhaMga se dRSTAnta ke mAdhyama se munizrI ne apane pravacanoM dvArA samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathama pravacana 'manuSya duHkhI kyoM hai ?' ke mAdhyama se jIvana ko sArthaka banAne kI preraNA dI gayI hai| pratyeka pravacana mahAvIra ke vANI se ota-prota evaM sAragarbhita hai / 'dharma Akhira kyA hai ?' jaise vikaTa prazna kA samAdhAna lalitaprabhasAgara jI ne bar3e hI sahaja evaM sarala zabdoM meM karate hue yaha batAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai ki dharma jIvana kA abhinna aMga hai| pustaka adhyayana kara koI bhI vyakti sahaja hI sanmArga kI ora unmukha hokara apane jIvana ko sArthaka banA sakatA hai| vartamAna meM prastuta pustaka atyanta upayogI hai| rAghavendra pANDeya ( zodhachAtra) bhAratIya sAhitya ke nirmAtA svayambhU; lekhaka - DaoN0 sadAnanda zAhI; prakAzaka- sAhitya akAdamI, ravIndra bhavana, 35 phirojazAha mArga, naI dillI- 110001; prathama saMskaraNa 2002; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha- 104; mUlya- 25/- rupayA / " bhAratIya sAhitya ke nirmAtA svayambhU" ke mAdhyama se DaoN0 sadAnanda zAhI apabhraMza bhASA ko gaurava pradAna karane vAle apabhraMza ke vAlmIki mahAkavi svayambhU para utkRSTa prakAza DAlA hai| prastuta pustaka meM lekhaka ne mahAkavi svayambhU kI aitihAsika vivecanA ke sAtha-sAtha unakI jIvanI, racanAe~, kathA srota, kAvya saundarya Adi kA prAmANika vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| hindI kAvyadhArA meM rAhula sAMkRtyAyana mahAkavi svayambhU ke bAre meM likhate haiM ki " vastutaH vaha bhArata ke eka darjana amara kaviyoM meM se eka thaa| Azcarya aura krodha donoM hotA hai ki logoM ne kaise aise mahAn kavi ko bhulA denA cAhA / " vastutaH yaha choTI sI pustaka svayambhU kI racanAoM para mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlatI hai| mAtra 104 pRSTha kI pustaka meM DaoN0 zAhI ne svayambhU ke bAre meM itanA sundara vivecana kiyA hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| zodhArthI ke lie bhI yaha pustaka atyanta upayogI hogI / vastutaH yaha pustaka " gAgara meM sAgara " ukti ko caritArtha karatI hai| rAghavendra pANDeya ( zodhachAtra) gantavya kI ora; pravacanakAra - zrI padamamuni 'amana'; sampAdaka- kalAkumAra zarmA, AkAra - DimAI; pRSTha 20 + 174; prApti sthAna- zrI jigara evaM zaileza zAha, 306 kailAza vihAra, sivila lAinsa, kAnapura, uttara pradeza; mUlya- 100 /- rupaye / hamAre samAja meM jaba-jaba bhI dharma kI hAni huI hai taba-taba kisI na kisI mahApuruSa dharma kI rakSA ke lie janma liyA hai| jisa kAla evaM samAja meM jo bhI mahApuruSa janma letA hai usa kAla evaM samAja ke vyaktiyoM ke lie vaha 'sAmAnya puruSa' hotA hai jabaki vahI 'sAmAnya puruSa' sA dIkhane vAlA vyakti hI bAda ke kAla evaM samAja

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sAhitya-satkAra : 175 ke lie 'mahApuruSa' kahalAtA hai| 'mahApuruSa' to vaha taba bhI thA lekina mAnava apanI tuccha buddhi ke kAraNa use pahacAna nahIM pAtI hai| samAja meM bar3hatI huI kupravRttiyoM jaise- viSaya-vAsanA kI lAlasA aura lipsA meM mAnava anAcAra, durAcAra, balAtkAra, vyabhicAra, pApAcAra aura dharmAndhatA meM itanA mazagUla ho gayA hai jisase ki samAja, dharma aura vyakti kA naitika mUlya giratA jA rahA hai| isI ko dekhate hue jaina muni padamamuni 'amana' ne apane vicAroM kA saMkalana karake samAja ko eka sUtra diyA- vaha hai- 'gantavya kI or'| isa sUtra kA artha hI hai ki parama Ananda, parama mokSa, parama brahma ko prApta krnaa| jisa prakAra sArI nadiyA~ umar3atI-phA~datI huI apane gantavya sthAna samudra meM jAkara ekAkAra ho jAtI haiN| usI prakAra vibhinna dharmoM evaM sampradAyoM kA lakSya parama mokSa prApta karanA hotA hai| munijI kA svabhAva va vyavahAra ekadama sarala hai| ve kisI dharma se ba~dhakara bAteM nahIM karate haiM, balki svatantra vicAra pravAha karate haiN| munizrI kA yaha pravacana saMgraha tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai (1) anucintana- isameM NamokAra mantra, tIrthaGkara, gantavya kI ora, jainadharma kI AstikatA, pudgala, bandhana aura mokSa, syAdvAda, anekAntavAda ityAdi kI carcA hai| (2) anugamana- isa khaNDa meM dharma kA pAlana karane ke lie kyA Avazyaka hai? jaise- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ko jAnanA tathA dharma kA svarUpa aura anta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI amRta vANI kI carcA hai| isa prakAra hama munizrI ke dvitIya khaNDa 'anugamana' kI tulanA pAtaJjala darzana ke aSTAGgayoga se kara sakate haiN| jisa prakAra yogasiddhi ke lie pA~ca bahiraGga va tIna antaraGga hote haiM usI prakAra dharma ko jAnane yA pAlana karane ke lie- ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha ko vyavahAra meM utArane ke bAda hI dharma ko samajha kara usakA pAlana kara sakate haiN| (3) anuSThAna- tIsarA aura antima khaNDa ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isameM jainadharma kA pAlana karane ke lie kyA-kyA anuSThAna, vrata evaM tyauhAra kA pAlana karanA cAhie, isakA vivecana hai| padamamunijI kI pustaka ke ina tInoM khaNDoM kI tulanA hama jaina-darzana ke mokSa-sAdhana (samyak darzana, samyak jJAna aura samyak cAritra) jise 'triratna' kahA gayA hai, se kara sakate haiN| samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaarg:| - tattvArthasUtra, 1/1

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176 : zramaNa/julAI-disambara/2002 sabhI manuSya mokSa ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai| yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba vaha karmapudgaloM se pRthak hokara vaha apanI svAbhAvika pUrNatA ko prApta karake mukta ho jAtA hai| yahI mokSa kI avasthA hai| kisI santa ke pravacanoM kI samIkSA karanA apane Apa meM eka dhRSTatA hai, kyoMki aise santoM kI samIkSA usa paramparA ke hI santa kara sakate haiM, phira bhI darzanazAstra kA vidyArthI hone ke nAte kisI bhI dharmAcArya ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana-maNDana, tarka-vitarka, vAda-vivAda karanA usakA viSaya hotA hai| isI adhikAra se maiMne zrI padamamuni jI ke ukta grantha kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| vAstava meM yaha grantha mAnava ko upabhoktAvAdI pravRtti se rokane evaM usake AtmavikAsa aura AdhyAtmikatA kA mArga prazasta karane meM upayogI hai| nizcaya hI padamamani jI kA yaha kArya jainazAstra ke saralIkaraNa meM eka abhinava evaM prasaMzanIya prayAsa hai| DaoN0 dharmendra kumAra siMha gautama (zodhachAtra)

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