Bhagwan Mahavir ka Janmasthal Kshatriyakunda

Author(s): Hiralal Duggad
Publisher: Jain Prachin Sahitya Prakashan Mandir Delhi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010082/1

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amana bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakara (magadhajanapada) . .. . . sA ,

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) a . . . paduIL CO zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna para kSatriya kuNDa (magadha janapada) m MIO OM lekhaka jainavidyAmarmajJa nyAyatIrtha, nyAyamanISI, snAtaka zrAvakaratna paMDita hIrAlAla duggar3a jaina vyAkhyAna divAkara, vidyAbhUSaNa 12pANAND - - - prakAzaka jaina prAcIna sAhitya prakAzana maMdira, ___641-B/2, motIrAma mArga zAhadarA, dillI-110032

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000000000000000000000000000 ...................... bhagavAna mahAvIrakI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuMDa (magadha janapada) IsvIsana-1989 patra vyavahAra tathA maniArDara athavA baiMka DrAphTa bhejane kA patA Hirlal Duggar 641/B/2 motIrAma mArga zAhadarA-dillI 110032 malya 3 35 - rupaye Phototypesetting by:Chitragupta Prinimg Preto 5.39, Allaha Pati Ram, Helmi-110006 PL. 731555

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(V) prastAvanA carama tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne jainadharma ke caturvidha saMgha ko vyavasthita kara vizvadharmo meM use gauravAnvita kiyA hai| unhoMne ardhamAgadhI (tatkAlIna loka bhASA) ke mAdhyama se jainAgamoM para pravacana diyaa| unakI devAnA itanI vyApaka thI ki jainasamAja ke bAhara bhI unakI kIrti kaumudI se sAre saMsAra ne zItala prakAza prApta kiyaa| unake mahatkAryoM aura vyApaka pravacanoM se eka prAMti bhI phailI ki jaina dharma ke pravartaka zrI mahAvIra svAmI haiN| bauddhadharma ke pravartaka gautama buddha mahAvIra svAmI ke samakAlIna the, isalie bhI unheM jaina dharma kA pravarttaka mAnA gyaa| sAdhAraNa janatA hI isa bhrama me bhramita nahIM huI itihAsa kAroM ko bhI tathya kA patA na hone se isa bhrama kA samarthana karanA par3A hai| itihAsa kI pAThyapustakoM meM bhI yaha bhrama duharAyA jAtA hai ki mahAvIra svAmI jainadharma ke pravartaka the, jaba ki tathya yaha hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha taka unake pUrvavartI teIsa tIrthakara ho cuke haiN| bhagavAn RRSabha deva se pUrva bhI jaina dharma astitva meM thA, isakA pramANa RgvedAdika prAcInatama vaidika graMtho me lekara paravartI vaidika purANoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vaidika graMthoM kI yaha bAta bahuta prasiddha hai ki hiraNyaka garbha brahmA ne apane sanaka, sanandanAdi mAnasa putroM se prajA dharma calAne kA Adeza diyA kintu unhoMne ise pazu karma kaha kara tyAjya mAnA aura vanavAsI banakara zramaNa dharma apnaayaa| sanakAdi bar3e jJAnI puruSa the| eka bAra to jaba unakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna unake pitA brahmA jI nahIM kara sake to paramAtmA ne haMsAvatAra lekara unakA samAdhAna kiyaa| vaiSNavoM kA nimbArka saMpradAya haMsAvatAra ko hI apanA Adi puruSa mAnatA hai| 'ataH vaidika graMthoM ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAya to bhI yaha AsAnI se siddha hotA hai ki vaidika aura zramaNa donoM saMskRtiyAM eka sAtha utpanna ho kara vikasita huI aura Aja taka samAnAntara calI A rahI haiN| ataH yaha bhI kahanA AdhArahIna hai ki vaidikoM ke hiMsAtmaka yajJoM kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM zramaNadharma arthAt jaina dharma kI utpatti huI hai| jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka bAgama meM kalpasUtra kA bar3A mahatva hai| isameM kucha anya tIrthakaroM ke saMkSipta jIvana caritra to haiM hI bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA jIvana apekSAkRta vistAra se diyA gayA hai| kuMDagrAma ke do bhArga the, brAhmaNakuMDa aura kSatriyakuMDa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA cyavana brAhmaNa kuMDa meM rahane vAlI brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha meM hubA thA, bAda meM zizu mahAvIra ko kSatriya kuMDa meM rahane vAle rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI trizalAdevI ke garbha meM sthApita kara diyA gyaa| isa dRSTi se bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI janmasthalI brAhmaNa kuMDa aura kSatriyakuMDa donoM haiN| parantu ve trizalA ke garbha se prasUta hokara kSatriyakuMDa meM avatarita hue isalie unakI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuMDa hI mAnI jAtI hai|

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(VI) hama videzI vidvAno ke isa bAta ke lie kRtajJa haiM ki unhoMne bhAratIya vidvAnoM ko Adhunika zodha kI dRSTi se bhAratIya viSayoM kA anusaMdhAna kiyaa| anusaMdhAna ke phalasvarUpa unhoMne apanI mAnyatAeM vidvat samAja ke sammukha prastuta kI haiN| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki unakI adhikAMza sthApanAeM bhrama kI bhIta para sthira haiN| phira bhI hama unake parizrama kI sarAhanA to karate hI haiN| prAraMbha meM aMgrejI bharamAra ke cakAcauMdha ke kAraNa bhAratIya anusaMdhitsuoM ke anusaMdhAna kA AdhAra videzI sthApanAeM huA karatI thIM, isIlie unake dvArA bhI kucha bhrama astitva meM A jAyA karate the| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI janmabhUmi kalpasUtra meM nizcita ne ke bAvajUda dezI-videzI vidvAnoM ne vaizAlika nAma ke AdhAra para kSatriyakuMDa janmabhUmi mAnane se inkAra kara diyA aura anumAna tarka Adi ke AdhAra para kliSTa kalpanA kara vaizAlI hat janmabhUmi siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| phalataH isa prazna ko jAnabUjhakara vivAda kA viSaya banA diyaa| harSa kI bAta hai ki paMDita hIrAlAla zAstrI duggar3a ne mahAvIra svAmI kI janbhUmi saMbaMdhI sabhI matoM kA vistAra se khaMDana kara 'kalpasUtra ke pakSa kI arthAt mahAvIra svAmI kI janmabhUmi kSatriyakuMDa prastuta pastaka meM siddha kara diyA hai| isa sambandha meM Apane vaijJAnika dRSTi tarka yukta pAMDitya aura AgamoM kA sahArA lekara satyatA kA joradAra pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM zAstrI jI ne aba kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ke lie gaMjAiza nahIM rakhI hai| videzI vidvAnoM ne vizeSakara jakobI ne janmabhUmi para hI praznacinha nahIM lagAyA thA balkiM kalpasUtra kI aneka mAnyatAoM kA bhI khaMDana kiyA hai| vaha siddhArtha ko rAjA aura trizalA ko rAnI nahIM mAnatA hai| kuMDagrAma ko vaha vaizAlI kA eka mohallA kahatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaha vaizAlI kA nivAsI siddha karatA hai| ina sabhI bhrAMtiyoM kA zrI daggar3a jI ne bhalI bhA~ti nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| 1 isa zodha graMtha meM videzI vidvAnoM ke matoM kA hI khaMDana nahIM hai, balki bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI bhrAnta dhAraNAoM kA bhI khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| yahI nahIM jina jaina muniyoM ne pAzcAtya dhAraNA ke anusAra yA anya kinhIM kAraNoM se vaizAlI ko mahAvIra svAmI kI janmasthalI mAnA hai, unakA bhI isa zodha graMtha meM nirAkaraNa huA hai| yadyapi prastuta pustaka kA mukhya pratipAdya viSaya bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kA janmasthAna 'kSatriyakaMDa' siddha karanA hai, tathApi isa nimitta se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana saMbaMdhI aneka jJAtavya viSayoM, mahAvIra svAmI ke parivAra aura najadIkI riztedAroM kA bhI paricaya diyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janma kuMDalI prastuta kI gaI hai| jyautiSa zAstra ke anusAra kuMDalI ke sabhI grahoM kA phala dekara unakA milAna bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana meM ghaTane vAlI ghaTanAoM se kiyA gayA hai aura donoM kI samAnatA siddha kI gaI hai| isI prakAra anya bahuta-sI bAteM isa zodhagraMtha meM likhI gaI haiN|

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(VII) prastata pastaka kA aitihAsika mahatva hai| bhAratIya itihAsa adhikatara videziyoM dvArA likhA gayA hai| bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne usakA andhAnusaraNa kiyA hai| isa dizA meM paM0 jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ne bhAratIya dRSTi se itihAsa likhA hai| purAtatva se bhI itihAsa lekhana meM acchI sahAyatA milatI, purAtatva kI khudAI se kabhI kabhI pracalita itihAsa kA rUpa aura usakI mAnyatAeM badala jAtI haiN| zrI duggar3a jI ne prastuta pustaka meM isa ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai| itihAsa kA mahatva samajhane ke lie unakA uddhRtanimnalikhita zloka kitanA mahatvapUrNa hai| sva jAti pUrvaz2AnAM yo na jAnAti saMbhavam sa bhavet puMzcalIpatra sadRzaH pitRvedakaH pustaka ke pariziSTa rUpa meM zAstrI jI ne jaina dharmake saMbaMdha meM acchI jAnakArI dI hai| jisa prakAra AcArya vijayAnanda sUri (AtmArAma jI) ne apane kathana ke samarthana meM vedArya graMthoM kA uddharaNa diyA hai, vaise hI zAstrI jI ne apane samarthana meM Rgveda atharvaveda Adi vaidika sAhitya se lekara vibhinna purANoM ke sthAna-sthAna para uddharaNa die haiN| isa prakAra zodhagraMtha ke lie jina jina zrotoM kA jJAna apekSita hai, una sabakA upayoga prastuta graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai| isa pustaka ko likhakara paMDita hIgalAla zAstrI daggar3a ne jaina-jagata para mahAna upakAra kiyA hai, jainetaroM ke lie bhI itihAsa aura zodha kI dRSTi se yaha graMtha upAdeya hai| kintu mukhya rUpa se jisa samAja ke hita ke lie yaha pamtaka likhI gaI hai, vaha vyApArI samAja hai, usa samAja meM jo jJAna hai vaha ArdhAnaka hai jise bhAratIya dRSTi se jJAna kahane meM saMkoca hotA hai| phira bhI yadi usa samAja ko isa graMtha se preraNA milI, koI zodhachAtra utpanna huA, to zAstrI jI kA zrama saphala samajhA jaayegaa| niHsandeha zrI daggaDa jI yaha graMtha likhakara apane arddhazataka grathoM meM eka aura saMkhyA bar3hAkara jijJAsuoM kA mahAna upakAra kiyA hai| 2/88 rUpanagara, dillI vidvajjana kaMkara pauSa pUrNimA saM0 2045 avadhanArAyaNadhara dvivedI

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lekhaka paricaya karmayogI zAstrI hIrAlAla jI duggar3a maiM jisa vyakti kI carcA kara rahA hUM ve isa zodhagraMtha ke racayitA parama AdaraNIya zAstrI jI svanAmadhanya hIrAlAla duggar3a haiN| janmase lekara abataka kA ApakA jIvana eka saMgharSamaya jIvana kI gAthA hai| ApakA janma paMjAba ke gujarAMvAlA nagara meM jo aba pAkistAna meM hai I. sa. 1904 meM huaa| Apake pitA caudharI lAlA dInAnAtha jI prakhyAta samAjasevaka tathA jyotiSa ke acche vidvAna the| mAtRsneha se Apa sadaiva vaMcita rhe| jaba Apa kevala 9 dina ke the to ApakI mAtA suzrI dhanadevI jI kA dehAMta ho gyaa| pazcAt ApakI sagI mausI suzrI mAiyAMdevI ApakI dUsarI mAtA huI / parantu jaba Apa dasavarSa ke the taba unakA bhI dehAMta ho gyaa| inakI mRtyu ke bAda Apa mAtA ke pyAra se sadaiva keliye vaMcita ho ge| I.sa. 1975 meM Apake pitA jI kA tIsarA vivAha huA / 16 varSa kI Ayu meM maiTrika pAsa karake Apa apane pitAjI ke sAtha dhAtu ke baratanoM kA vyavasAya karane lge| parantu Apake manapara Apake pitAmaha sarvazrI mathurAdAsa jI ke bar3e bhAI zAstrI karmacaMda jI aura apane pitA zrI dInAnAtha jI ke saMskAra the| Apake mana meM dharma ke prati jijJAsA thI / vyavasAya meM ApakA mana na lagA / ataH Apane gujarAMvAlA meM AcArya zrI madvijayavallabha sUrIzvara jI mahArAja dvArA sthApita zrI AtmAnanda jainagurukula paMjAba ke kAleja sekzana (sAhityamaMdira) meM praveza leliyA / pAMca varSoM meM jainanyAya, darzanazAstra, kAvya, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, prakaraNa evaM Agama Adi evaM prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, baMgAlI, gujarAtI, paMjAbI, urdU, aMgrejI Adi aneka bhASAoM kA abhyAsa kara gurukula kI snAtaka parIkSA acche aMkoM meM uttIrNa kI aura "vidyAbhUSaNa" kI upAdhi se vibhUSita hue| usasamaya jaba ki maiTrika taka kI zikSA hI paryApta samajhI jAtI thI Apane uccazikSA prAptakara samAja ko eka naI dizA dii| isake eka varSa pazcAt Apane saMskRta esosiezana kalakattA yUnivarsiTI rekoganAIjDa kI saMskRta meM jainanyAya, tarka- darzana - zAstra meM "nyAyatIrtha" parIkSA uttIrNa kii| dUsare varSa gAyakavAr3a sarakAra dvArA sthApita seMTrala lAyabrerI bar3audA se "lAyabrerI keTelAgiMga tathA kArDa ekArDara" kI sanada prApta kI / agale hI varSa ajamera meM vyAkhyAna prAtiyogitA meM baitthe| usameM uttama prakAra se saphalatA prApta karane para bhAratavarSa vidvad pariSada ajamera ne Apako "vyAkhyAna divAkara" kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyaa| san 1935 meM Apane ajamera - nivAsI narotIlAla pallivAla digambara jainadharmAnuyAyI dvArA pUche gaye zrI zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaina dharma ke viruddha 40 praznoM kA samAdhAna ajamera se prakAzita hone vAle sAptAhika patra "jaina dhvaja" meM prakAzita karavAkara saMcoTU yuktipurassara aitihAsika, tArkika evaM bhAratIya vAGmaya ke AdhAra se kiyaa| jo chaH mAsa meM samApta huaa| isase ApakI vidvatA se prabhAvita hokara ayodhyA-saMskRta kAryAlaya ke manISimaMDala ne jisameM hindU dharmAnuyAyI jagadguru Adi bhI sammilita the Apa zrI ko "nyAyamanIcI" padavI se sammAnita kiyaa| (VIII)

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lekhaka jaina vidyAmamaMja zrAvakarana paM0 hIrA lAla duggar3a jaina

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(ix) bhApa samAja ke vayovRddha kAryakartA haiN| vayovRddha hote hue bhI ApakA utsAha aura puruSArtha yuvA jaisoM ko bhI mAta detA hai| saba kahA jAya to Apa ko bur3hApe ne nahIM jItA parantu Apane bar3hApe para vijaya prApta kI hai| sAdA jIvana, karmaTha vRtti pramaniSThA ke sAkSAt pratIka haiN| dRr3ha pratika hai, dharmazraddhAla, va jainadharma ke pracArakoM ke preraNAsrota hone se jainasamAja ke sabhI saMpradAyoM ke kaI AcAryoM, muniyoM aura pratiSThita zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se ApakA acchA paricaya hai| ApakI zAstra pravacanapaddhati atyanta rocaka aura prabhAvotpAdaka hai| zikSaNa dene kI zailI atyanta prazaMsanIya hai| vaktRtvakalA AkarSaka hai| zaMkA samAdhAna karane kI kalA AkarSaka camatkArI evaM alaukika hai| 1979 I. meM kAMgar3A meM hue zrI samudra sUri jaina darzanazivira meM apanI isa kalA se vidyArthiyoM ko maMtramugdha kara diyA thaa| jainasaMpradAyoM aura jainetara vAGmayakA gahana-gaMbhIra ciMtanazIla abhyAsa kiyA hai| paryaSaNa tathA dasalAkSaNI Adi paryoM meM Apake zAstrapravacanoM se lAbhAnvita hone keliye zvetAMbara aura digambara jainasaMgha samAnarUpa se sadA nimaMtraNa dete haiN| lekhanazailI meM gaMbhIratA, praur3atA aura saralatArUpa gaMgA, jamunA, sarasvatI triveNI. kA saMgama hai| jainadarzana aura itihAsa ke prati Apa kI saccI-AsthA aura anurAga atyaMta prazaMsanIya hai| jo ki Apa ke dvArA likhe hue graMthoM se pratyakSarUpa se dRSTigocara hotI hai| ApakI apanI lekhanI dvArA rASTrabhASA hindI meM aneka uttama pustakoM kA sRjana tathA anya bhASAoM se bhASAMtAra bhI prakAzita hue haiN| lagabhaga 50 prakAzita evaM lagabhaga 10 taiyAra aprakazita pustakoM kA yaha lekhaka abhinandanIya hai| kaI pustakoM kI do-tIna-cAra AvRttiyAM bhI prakAzita ho cukI haiN| ApakI adhikAMza pustakeM abhI aprApya haiN| Apa kI pustaka "niggaMTha nAyaputta pramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA mAMsAhAra parihAra" maiMne AdyopAMta par3hI hai| isa pustaka ke dvArA ApakI anupama-pratibhA kI jhalaka milatI hai| isa eka pustaka dvArA yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ApakI anya pustakeM bhI kitanI uccakoTi kI hoNgii| isa pustaka keliye Apako zrI AtmAnaMda jainamahAsabhA uttarIbhArata ne vi. saM. 2022 ko akSayatRtIyA ke dina zrI hastinApura meM varSIyatapa-pAraNA mahotsava para samasta-bhArata ke sammilita caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa puraskRta kara bahubhAna-pUrvaka sammAnita kiyA gyaa| isI mahatvapUrNa pustaka meM jaina-nigraMtha-muniyoM tathA zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra para lagAye gaye mAMsAhAra ke AropoM kA veda, purANa, smRti, upaniSada, tripiTaka, koSa, jainAgama, takaM, cikitsA-zAstra, nighaNTu tathA jaina-AcAra-vicAra, siddhAnta Adi ke dRSTikoNoM ko lekara pratikAra kiyA hai| dharma para aTUTa-dRr3ha zraddhA hote hue bhI Apa rUr3hivAdI nahIM hai| 27 varSa kI Ayu meM mApane antarjAtIya, antara-prAMtIya aura antara-saMpradAya meM vivAha binA daheja liye, binA kisI ADaMbara aura dikhAve ke ATha vyaktiyoM kI bArAta lekara kanyA pakSa ke nagara meM unake ghara para jaina-vivAha-vidhi se bar3e Adarza rUpa se kiyaa| mAtAzvetAMbarajana hai to ApakI patnI suzrI kalAvatI digambarajaina saMpradAya kI thiiN| Apa paMjAba ke aura Apa kI patnI uttarapradeza kI, Apa osavAla haiM aura Apa kI patnI padmAvatI porvaal| san IsvI 1966 (vi. 2023) meM AgarA meM Apa kI patnI kA dehAMta ho gyaa| bApa apane pIche pAMca putra aura do putriyAM bharApUrA parivAra chor3a gii| ApakI patnI kA dehAMta ho jAne ke pazcAt dillI meM zAMtimUrti, jinazAsanaratna, rASTrasaMta AcArya zrI

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(x) vijayasamudra sUri jI se caturvidhasaMgha samakSa saMpUrNa brahmacarya-vrata grahaNa kiyaa| san IsvI 1939 meM apane vivAha se pahale avivAhita avasthA meM hI Apane bar3odA meM nyAyatIrtha, nyAya vizArada muni nyAyavijaya jI (kAzIvAle AcArya zrI vijayadharma sUri jI ke ziSya) se vidhisahita samyaktvamala bArahavrata grahaNa kiye the| bhakSya anaMtakAya kA bhI tyAga, rAtri ko tivihAra pacchakkhANa, prAtaHkAla navakArasI-porisI kA paccakkhANa, pratidina sAmayika, pratikramaNa, devadarzana-pUjana, jApa karane ko pratijJAbaddha haiN| Apapara dvAdazAMga (gaNipiTaka) kI adhiSTAtRdevI kA mahAn varadAna aura nyAyAMbhonidhi zrImad vijayAnanda sUri (AtmArAma) jI kA sarvadA AzIrvAda prApta rahatA hai| ajamera, vIjApura, rAjakoTa, AjimagaMja (murzidAbAda), kalakattA, gujarAMvAlA, madrAsa, aMbAlA, dillI Adi aneka sthAnoM ke aneka vyakti evaM sAdhu-sAdhviyAM Apa ke jJAna va zikSA se lAbha uThA cuke haiN| dharmasaMbaMdhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karane kI Agama aura tarka yukta samanvaya kI zailI jijJAsuoM ko maMtramugdha kiye binA nahIM raha sktii| jainasamAja kA gaurava hai ki use aise saccaritra-jJAna-samyagdRSTi sampanna vidvAna kI upalabdhi huI hai| kRSagAtra aura sAdhAraNa sI veSabhUSA meM Apa kI pratibhA aura vidvattA ko pahacAna pAnA sAdhAraNa vyakti keliye Apake saMparka meM Aye binA asaMbhava nahIM to kaThina avazya hai| zAstrI jI jaba apane jIvana kI bItI ghaTanAoM kA varNana karate hai to lagatA hai ki mAno ve unake sAmane calacitra kI bhAMti ubhara rahI hoN| ApakI adbhuta smaraNazakti ko dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai| parantu itanI pratibhAoM kA dhanI yaha vyakti, sadaiva abhAva kA jIvana hI jItA rahA hai| munzI premacada hindI aura urdU ke mahAna sAhityakAra hae hai paranta unakA jIvana abhAva Ara kaSTa meM baataa| isI prakAra zAstrI jI kA jIvana bhI abhAva aura saMgharSa kI gAthA hai| dharmArAdhanA meM kaThora para paraduHkha-kAtara, andara se komala aura vyathA se bhare hRdaya ko vyakti unake samparka meM Akara hI jAna sakatA hai| IsvI sana 1980 meM madrAsa meM Apako zrAvaka ratna kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gayA evaM vi.sa. 2045 vaisAkhamAsa meM Apa zrI kA zrI hastinApura jainatIrtha meM AcArya zrI vijayeMdradinnata sUri kI nizrAmeM samasta bhArata se padhAre hue zrI caturvidha saMgha kI upasthiti meM zrI AtmAnanda jaina mahAsabhA (uttara bhArata) ne bhatvamIna sammAna 400 grAma cAMdI kI pleTa garamazAla, z2arI ke hAra se kiyA aura Apa zrI ko jainavidyAmanana kI padavI se vibhUSita kiyA jise usa cAMdI kI pleTa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kevala jainasamAja hI nahIM apitu sabhI samAjoM kI vRtti rahI hai ki vaha vyakti ko kama se kama dekara adhika se adhika pAnA cAhatA hai| sAhityakAra sadaiva samAja se jitanA pAtA hai usa se kahIM adhika detA hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki yadi zAstrI jI Arthika ciMtAoM se makta hoM to ve apane jIvana ke zeSakAla meM bhI samAja ko anaThI kRtiyAM de sakate haiN| dinAMka 22.10.1988 nirmalakamAra jaina M.Sc.. dIpAvalI parva bhUtapUrva cIpha iMjIniyara mahAmaMtrI zrI Atmaballabha jaina paMjAbI saMgha AgarA

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lekhaka kI vaMzAvalI bIsAosabAla (bar3e sAjana) dUgar3agotre jainadharmAvalambI (vikrama 17-18 vIM zatI) zAha nAnakacaMda zAha dIpacanda zAha AsAnanda zAha baMsIdhara zAha rAmadayAla zAha dharmayaza (XI). (Agama marmajJa) zAha karmacada (zAstrI) (caudharI) zAha mathurAdAsa zAha gaMDAmala 4 jyotiSavidyAmarmajJa zAha dInAnAtha (caudharI) (janavidyAmarmajJa) paM. hIrAlAla (zAstrI) lakhamIlAla zAdIlAla yazakIrti mahendralAla ramanIkakumAra xpuruSottamakumAra sudarzana kumAra zreyAMsakumAra abhayakumAra amRtakumAra abhilASa kumArI indubAlA manoja sajaya dineza rAkeza nIraja parvana nizAnavAloM ke saMtAna nahIM thIM raja pavana 1.gAha karmacada jI jainAgama-dazana ke prakAMDa vidvAna the| aneka mAdhu- mAtriyoM ko jaina zAstro abhyAsa karAyA 2 zAha mathurAdAsa jI guptarUpa se mAdhanahIna, sAtriyoM ke tana-mana-dhana me kssttnivaark| jaina zrIsaMgha meM caudharI padabI se sammAnita the| 3 zAha dInAnAtha jI jyotiSa zAstra ke marma vidvAna, caudharI pada tathA mvarNapadaka se gujagavAmA zrI jainasagha se smmaanit| zrI bainasagha kI kAryakAriNI sabhA ke mAnada maMtrI the| 4. aneka godhagratho ke mekhaka, jainavidyAmamaMtra haiM (vizeSa paricaya ApakI jIvanI meM dekheN| 5 amRtakamAra jyotiSavijJAna eva hastarekhA vijJAna ke marmajJa vidvAna haiN|

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(XII) navitAnA paratAvara zrI hIrAlAlacI pAna mArA racita marmamatApUrNaparalaM kI pUrI 1-4 ahaMtajIvanajyoti (cArabhAga) 5. navartatva prakaraNa sAtha, savivecana scitr| 6. jIvavicAra prakaraNa sArtha-vivecata sacitra 7. jagata aura jaindrshn| 8. vAtmajJAna pravezikA tathA jainatatva bodh| 9. baMgAla kA Adidharma aura jaina pugatatva saamgrii| 10. paMcapratikramaNa sUtra tathA sapta smaraNa mAtha mavivacana (khataragaccha) 11. navapada olI tathA akSayanidhi tapa vidhi| 12. jinadarzana pUjana vidhi| 13. asstthiaahik| (aDhAI) vyaakhyaan| 14. niggaMTha gAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA mAmAhAra prihaar| 15. vallabha kAvya sudhaa| 16.18. vallabhapravacana (tInabhAga) 19. vallabha jiivnjyoti| 20. katipaya jainanIyoM kA itihaam| 21 zrI hastinApara tIrtha kA itihaam| (hindI) 22 zrI hastinApura tIrthaka caitanyavaMdanAdi 23. maDabhaM maMgkSaka mani thI barbhAivajaya (baTegaya) jI kA caritra 24.25. napa madhAnidhi do bhaag| 26 madhyazayA aura pajAva meM jaindhm| 27 jainadharma tathA jinanimApajana rhsy| 28. zrIpAla caritra (Avijaya vallabha mAra ke pravacana) 29. gajakamAra vardhamAna mahAvIra vivAhita the| (hindI) 30 gajakamAra vardhamAna mahAvIra vivAhita the| (gajagI) 31 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna ksstriykdd| 12 menaaryaan| 3. shkvijnyaan| (do AniyA) 34-35. lokAgaccha kI paTTAniyA 26. caritAvallI 37 prshnpcchaa| (vijJAna) 38 mvaavijnyaan| 19. mbagaMdaya vijnyaan| 40. bhadrabAha mhinaa| 41. maMtra-yaMtra-maMtra vijJAna prathama bhaag| 42. maMtra-yaMtra-maMtra vijJAna damaga bhAga 43. mamrATa akabara ke dharmovazvAma bIvana. . jinakalpa aura virklp| 'gajanIti para jainadharma kA prbhaav| 48. divambageM ke cAnIma praznoM kA smaadhaan| 44. jainadharma viSayaka prshnottr| 49. paMjAba ke uttarArdha lokAgaccha kI pttttaavliyaaN| 45. bainasamAja mamaya ko phcaane| 50. mekha saMgrahA 46. paMjAba ko omavAloM kA bhAvar3A kyoM kahate haiN| 51. bhagavAna mhaaviir|

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amrapmara (XIII) samarpaNa banmabata mAtA suzrI dhanadevI (sva. vi. saM. 1961) . 2. jIvanabata nAnImA suzrI accharAdevI - (sva. vi. saM. 1966) jisane mujha 9 dina ke mAtRvihIna zizu ko apane stana (paya) pAna se. pAlana-poSaNa kiyA bIvanasaMginI Adarza dharmapatnI suzrI kalAvatI rAnI (sva.vi. saM. 2023) (jisane lagnaprathi se baddha hokara merI aura parivAra kI athaka-ananya sevA-suzrUSA-bhakti kI kRtajJa bhAva se ina tIno svargavAsI-mahilAratnoM kI puNyasmRti meM yaha graMtharatna zrI jinazAsana ko samarpita karatA huuN| - hIrAlAla duggar3a

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(XIV) do zabda tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM dvArA prabartita dharma-darzana saMkucita nahIM hotaa| lekina usakA artha samajhane aura grahaNa karane kI hamArI sImAeM avazya hotI haiN| jaina dharma meM 63 'zalAkA puruSoM' kA varNana AtA hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI nAmaka pratyeka kAla khaMDa meM ye 'zalAkA puruSa' janma lekara samAja ko dharma aura nIti kI preraNA dete haiN| ina zalAkA puruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA sthAna sabase Upara hai| prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva pitA nAbhi rAjA tathA mAtA marudevI ke putra the| aMtima 24 veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra the jo Aja se lagabhaga 2500 varSa pUrva hue| yoM dekhA jAe to kAla kI avicchinna dhArA meM na to RSabha deva prathama haiM aura na mahAvIra aMtima yaha paraMparA vastana anAdi-ananta hai| na jAne kitanI caubIsayAM ho cukI hai| aura kitanI Age hone vAlI hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ko lekara vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai / paDita hIrAlAla jI dUgar3a jaina kI yaha khojapUrNa kRti lekhaka kI varSo kI mehanata, adhyayana aura khoja kA pariNAma hai / 10 varSa pUrva prakAzita unake bRhad graMtha "madhya eziyA aura pajAba meM jaina dharma" kA sarvatra svAgata huA thaa| deza-videza me usakI mAga hai| jaina vidyA marmajJatA ke dhanI paMDita jI kI pratyeka kRti apane viSaya kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI se sapanna hotI hai| ve jo kacha likhate hai, usase sAdhAraNa pAThaka kI dhArmika niSThAe to paSTa hotI hI hai vidvata samAja bhI unakI takaM zailI, khojapUrNa dRSTi aura niSpakSa mAnyatAoM se lAbhAnvita hotA hai| jaina samAja ke isa vayovRddha mUrdhanya lekhaka kI svastha dIghAMya ke lie hama Izvara se prArthanA karate haiN| zrI dinakarabhAI (gujarAtI) zrI daggaDa jI ko grathake zodhakhojapUrvaka taiyAra karane meM kharca kI pUrti ke lie rupayA 2500 kI rAzi pradAna karane kI udAratA karake unapara kharce ke bojha ko halkA karake eka Adarza kAma kiyA hai| isaliye ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai| . isa pustaka ke prakAzana me Atma-vallabha samudra pATa paraparA ke vartamAna pakSadhara AcArya pravara paramAra kSatriyoddhAraka, gacchAdhipati zrImad vijayendra dinna surIzvara jI ma. sA. kI preraNA se rupayA damahajAra kI rAzi zrI Atmavallabha zikSaNa nidhi ne pradAna kI hai tathA jo anya mahAnubhAva aura saMsthAe sahayogI banI hai unake prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karanA hamArA parama kartavya hai| AcArya zrI jI ke caraNoM meM koTizaH bandana / anta meM, pustaka ke mudraNa aura prakAzana meM koI truTi raha gaI ho to sahRdaya pAThaka usake lie kSamA kareMge, aisI AzA hai| dillI pauSa pUrNimA, 21 janavarI 1989 vIrendra kumAra jaina

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(XV) vijaya vallabha smAraka dillI Aam ma . Are "vijaya vallabha smAraka' dillI se paMjAba jAne vAle rASTrIya mArga naM. 1 ke 20 3 ki. mI. para, gaganacumbI, advitIya eva vizAla bhavana ke rUpa meM aba spaSTa dRSTigocara hone lagA hai| yagadraSTA jainAcArya zrImavijaya vallabha sUrIzvara jI mahArAja kA, jinake samAja ke Upara ananta upakAra hai, paNya smRti ko amara karane ke lie unakI yazogAthAnarUpakaroDo rupayoM kI lAgata se yaha smAraka patthara dvArA nirmita huA hai| isakI yojanA vividhalakSI hai aura isake mAdhyama se dharma ke sAto kSetroM kA siMcana hogaa| smAraka-nirmANa ke lie eka akhila bhAratIya TrasTa kI sthApanA zrI Atmavallabha jaina smArakazikSaNa nidhi ke nAma se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 25 sauveM nivANa varSa kI pAbana belA me dinAka 126.74 ko haI thii| deza ke pramakha jaina isake TasTI hai| zrI Atma-vallabha samudra paTTa-paramparA ke vartamAna gacchAdhipati jaina-divAkara paramAra-kSatriyoDAraka, cAritra-caDAmaNi AcArya vijayendra dinna sUrIzvara jI mahArAja kI AjJAnavartinI sAdhvI jaina-bhAratI mahatarA mRgavatI zrI jI mahArAja isa yojanA kI praNetA thii| AcArya zrImavijaya samudra sUri jI mahArAja se unhone smAraka-nirmANa ke Adeza prApta kiye aura vartamAna AcArya zrI jI kA ArzIvAda evaM mArgadarzana unheM milA thaa| mahattarA jI ne apanA pUrNa jIvana isame lagA diyA thaa| unakI sada-preraNA se samAja ne mahAna Arthika yogadAna diyaa| pajya mahattarA jI ne bhI apane hAtha se jisa yojanA kI nIva DAlI thI, usakA adhikAza bhAga apane tapa, tyAga aura karmaThatA ke bala para apane jIvana kAla meM hI sampanna kara liyA thaa| samAja unakA RNI rhegaa| -- A MA

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(XVI) isa "nidhi" ke pAsa bIsa ekar3a bhUmi hai| mukhya smAraka bhavana ke atirikta, eka jina mandira, chAtrAlaya tathA vidyApITha evaM upAbhaya Adi aneka bhavana bhI bana cuke haiN| samasta nirmANa vAstukalA ke anurUpa bhavya aura kalAtmaka hai| mana kI zAMti evaM sAdhanA aura bArAdhanA ke lie yaha atyanta upayukta sthAna hai| mahattarA jI ne isa vizAla prAMgaNa ko "Atma-vallabha-saMskRti mandira" nAma diyA thaa| saMkSepa meM ise "vijaya-ballabha-smAraka" evaM "jaina mandira" bhI kahate haiN| bhAratIya dharma darzana para zodha kArya karane ke lie vahAM para "bhogIlAla leharacanda bhAratIya saMskRti saMsthAna" sthApita ho cukA hai jisake antargata eka vizAla hastalikhita grantha bhaMDAra evaM pustakAlaya upalabdha hai, jisameM hajAroM hastalikhita graMtha aura prakAzita pustakeM haiN| deza-videza se gaveSaka yahAM zodha kArya hetu padhArate haiN| unake AvAsa aura bhojanAdi kI samucita evaM niHzulka vyavasthA yahAM kI gaI hai| zodha evaM anya vidyArthiyoM ko anudAna dekara UMcI zikSA dilavAI jAtI hai| aneka goSThiyAM yahAM ho cukI haiN| saMskRta evaM prAkRta adhyayana tathA adhyApana kI samucita vyavasthA hai| prakaTa prabhAvI mAtA padmAvatI devI kA smAraka prAMgaNa meM zilpAnurUpa nirmita mandira zraddhA kA vizeSa kendra bana cukA hai, jahAM sabhI ke manoratha pUre hote haiN| mahattarA mRgAvatI jI kI samAdhi to eka guphA sI 'pratIta hotI hai aura yAtrI usake bhItara jAkara svataH natamasta ho jAtA hai| cikitsA-hetu eka DispaiMsarI bhI calAI jAtI hai| jaina evaM samakAlIna kalA kA eka saMgrahAlaya tathA skUla banAne kA bhI prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai| nava-nirmita jina mandira caturmukhI hai| isameM bhagavAn vAsupUjya svAmI mUlanAyaka hoMge tathA bhagavAn pArzvanAtha, bhagavAn AdinAtha evaM bhagavAn munisuvrata svAmI jI bhI suzobhita ho rahe haiN| bhagavAn kI pratimAeM ati manamohaka haiN| mukhya smAraka bhavana ke raMgamaMDapa kA vyAsa 64 phuTa hai, jisake madhya meM hamAre pUjya jainAcArya zrImad vijaya vallabha sUrIzvara jI mahArAja kI eka bhavya 450 pramANa baiThI huI mudrA meM muMha bolatI pratimA hai| kalA kI dRSTi se yaha mUrti bemisAla hai| raMgamaMDapa kA vyAsa 64 phuTa hai aura bhavana kI UMcAI gurudeva kI AyuanurUpa 84 phuTa hai| Aja bhI AThavIM se gyArahavIM zatAbdI IsvI kAla kI prAcIna zilpakalA isa smAraka ke mAdhyama se punaH jIvita ho uThI hai| samasta bhArata meM patthara se nirmita isa prakAra kA kalAyukta bhavana sambhavataH dUsarA dikhAI nahIM detaa| yaha sundara bhavana bhArata kI rAjadhAnI evaM paryaTakoM ke lie AkarSaka nagarI dillI kI zobhA bar3hA rahA hai| nikaTa bhaviSya meM avazya hI yaha vAstukalA ke nirmANa meM abhiruci rakhane vAloM evaM darzakoM tathA gaveSakoM ke liye mahatvapUrNa kendra bana jaayegaa| vijaya vallabha smAraka, antarrASTrIya khyAtiprApta karane vAlA eka sajIva evaM jvalanta saMsthAna yaha smAraka sadaiva yugavIra AcArya vijaya vallabha sUri jI mahArAja ke upakAroM kI yAda dilAtA rahegA evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita svarNima siddhAnta-satya, ahiMsA, anekAntavAda aura aparigraha ke pracAra aura prasAra kA vizva kalyANa hetu eka sakriya mAdhyama tathA kendra banegA evaM jaina samAja kA yaha gaurava cihana siddha hogaa|

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hamAre vartamAna AdhyAtmika mAgAka gakhAcipati paramAra kSatriyodvAraka, jaina divAkara jainAcArya zrImad vijayendra digna sUri jI mahArAja

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(XVII) - paramAra kSatriyoddhAraka pa. pU. jainAcArya zrImad vijaya indradinna sUrIzvara jI ma0. jIvana paricaya - AdhyAtmika suSamA kendra, jana-mana mohaka mohana pa. pU. AcArya zrImad vijaya indra dinna sarIzvara jI mahArAja sAhaba kA janma vikrama sambata 1980 kArtika vadI 9 ko bar3audA ke sAlapurA grAma meM huaa| saMskAra bArambha meM upalabdha vAtAvaraNa, pArivArika paramparA aura AcaraNa para AdhArita hote haiN| guru indra kA Aja kA mahAna vyaktitva zaizava kAla meM hI mile dhArmika vizuddha zAkAhArI, ahiMsAvAdI pArivArika vAtAvaraNa se prArambha huaa| sAdhu saMtoM kA samAgama unakA upadeza zravaNa mana meM vairAgya bhAva paidA karane lgaa| phalataH saM. 1998 phAlguna zuklA pancamI ko munirAja zrI vinaya vijaya jI ma. sA. ke kara kamaloM dvArA bApa zrI ne bhAgavatI dIkSA le lii| yuga draSTA paMjAba kesarI paM. pa. vijayavallabha sUrIzvara jI mahArAja sAhaba kA sakhada sAmnidhya ApakI antarnihita saumyatA paramArtha prema va cAritrika garimA ko dvigaNita karane vAlA siddha hvaa| Apa zrIko vi.saM. 2011 caitra vadI3 ko sarata meM gaNitavarya pada kA sammAna milA aura Apake sadguNoM se prabhAvita hokara vi.saM. 2027 mAgha zuklA paJcamI ko barelI meM vahAM ke nUtana maMdira ke pratiSThA mahotsava para paM.pU. AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijaya samudra sUrIzvara jI ma. sA. ne Apako AcAryapada se alaMkRta kiyaa| Apa zrI ne mAnava mAtra ko udAratA va sahiSNutA kA pATha par3hAne vAle zrI mahAvIra svAmI kA saMdeza mAtra jaina budhaboM taka hI nahIM pahuMcAyA apitu netaroM taka pahuMcAyA aura unheM prabhAvita kiyaa| gujarAta ke paramAra atriya bApazrI ke pravacanoM se itane prabhAvita hue ki ve gurudeva ke ananya bhakta bana ge| 50,000 cainetara paramAra kSatriyoM ne bar3e hI dhUmadhAma ke sAtha sotsAha jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| kitane to jaina zrAvaka zrAvikA dharma ko aMgIkAra kara santuSTa nahIM hue apitu jaina muni bana ge| jaina itihAsa kI yaha abhUtapUrva ghaTanA svayaM meM sa bAta kA pramANa hai ki bApa zrI ke pravacana kitane prabhAvazAlI haiM aura bhaTake huoM ko rAha dikhAne vAle haiN| Apa zrI kI vANI meM darzana, nyAya, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa bAgama Adi viSayoM kA maharA adhyayana va pAntyi spaSTa jhalakatA hai|

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(XVIII) ___ . parama guru bhakta ApazrI ne guru devoM dvArA sthApita saMsthAoM pAThazAlAoM ko atyaMta jAgarukatA va niSThA ke sAtha sambhAlA hai sAtha hI gurudevoM kI yojanAoM va svapnoM ko sAkAra rUpa dene kI dizA meM kaI sabala kArya pUrNa kara lie haiN| aura kaI kArya pUrNatA kI ora agrasara haiN| bar3audA meM banI zrI vijayavallabha sArvajanika haoNspiTala, boDelI kA mahAtIrtha ke rUpa meM parivartana, gAMva-gAMva meM maMdira aura pAThazAlAoM kA nirmANa kAMgar3A tIrthoddhAra, murAdAbAda meM jinazAsana ratna pa.pU. AcArya bhagavaMta zrImad vijayasamudra sUrIzvara jI ma. sA. kA samAdhimandira Adi kArya pUrNa kie jA cuke haiN| isake atirikta aitihAsika vallabha smAraka kA kArya pUrNatA kI ora agrasara hai| jisakI pratiSThA ApakI niSThA meM ho rahI hai| Apa zrI ke caraNakamala gujarAta, mahArASTra, rAjasthAna, paMjAba, hariyANA, uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, jammU, kAzmIra jahAM bhI par3e haiM vahIM dIkSA mahotsavoM anjanazalAkA pratiSThAoM, upadhAna tapoM, paidala yAtrA saMghoM Adi anekAneka dhArmika kAryakramoM va mahotsavoM kI dhUma maca jAtI hai| sAdha samAja meM agragaNya paramAra kSatriyoddhAraka gacchAdhipati pa. pU. AcArya zrImad vijaya indradinna sUrIzvara jI mahArAja sAhaba kI dinacaryA, pravacana, zailI, sarasavANI, madhura vyavahAra, agAdha gurubhakti Adi guNa sakala zrIsaMgha kelie zraddhAspada haiN| Aja bhI ApazrI aharniza dharmadhyAna va tapazcaryA ke sAtha jaina dharma va samAja kI samupasthita samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa jaina samAja va dharma ke nirantara utthAna va vikAsa ke lie satata prayatnazIla haiN| ApakI nizrA meM vijaya vallabha smAraka kI aMjanazalAkA, pratiSThA saMpanna ho rahI hai| ApakI parama kRpA se isa pustaka ke prakAzAna meM Arthika sahayoga prApta huA hai| isI prakAra bhaviSya meM ApakI kRpA banI rhe| isa zodhagraMtha ke prakAzana keliye bAcArya zrI kI prareNA se rAzi prApta huI hai jisakA vivaraNa anyaMtra meM diyA hai ataH ApakI isa kRpA keliye koTizaH dhanyavAda -

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in prAcIna, aitihAmika jaina tIrtha kAMgar3A (himAcala pradeza) kI yAtrA hetU jAte hue mahatarA mAdhvI magAvatI jI mahArAja tathA anya sAdhvI maMDala ke sAtha lekhaka

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bhUmikA (BLANK PAPER AND THE LETTER) korA kApaDa aura patra patra (LETTER) navambara 1984 I. ko DAkiyA patra DAla gyaa| kholakara par3hA likhA thA zrI duggar3ajI dharmalAbha do varSa pahale jaba Apa bambaI meM hamAre pAsa Ae the taba ApakI sAdI veSabhUSA se Apako eka sAdhAraNa vyakti samajha kara hama ApakI tarapha vizeSa lakSya nahIM de pAye / yadyapi ApakI kucha pustakoM kA ArDara avazya de diyA thaa| pustakeM milane para jaba hamane ApakI pustakeM 1. madhya eziyA aura paMjAba meM jainadharma, 2. jainadharma aura jinapratimA pUjana- rahasya, 3. niggaMdu nAyaputta zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA mAMsAhAra parihAra, 4. rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra vivAhita the Adi ko par3hA to hameM lagA ki - hamAre jainasamAja meM Apa jaise vilakSaNabuddhi ke dhanI, gahana - gambhIra AgamAnukUla tarkasaMgata lekhanazailI se zodhagraMthoM ko likhanevAle vidvAna sadbhAgya se Aja bhI vidyamAna haiN| Apa jAnate hoMge ki amukavarSoM se carama tIrtha pati bhagavAna mahAvIra kaM janmasthAna ke viSaya meM Adhunika kucha videzI tathA bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne nAnAprakAra kI bhrAMtiyoM kA sarjana karadiyA hai| ataH bhagavAna ke vAstavika janmasthAna ke nirNaya ke lie - yahAM madhuvana meM dinAMka 24, 25, 26 navaMbara 1984 ko akhilabhAratIya itihAsajJa vidvata sammelana hone jA rahA hai| ataH Apase sAdara nivedana hai ki Apa isa viSaya para zodhapatra likhakara yathAzIghra hameM athavA sammelana-saMyojaka ke pAsa bheja deN| Apa sammelana meM sakriya bhAga lene kelie samaya para padhArane kI avazya kRpA kareM tAki Apa apanA zodhapatra sammelana meM svayaM par3ha skeN| ( patra kA sAra ) uttarAkAMkSI aMcalagacchAdhipati AcArya zrI guNasAgara sUri jI ke antevAsI paM. kalAprabhasAgara patra par3hakara mujhe lagA ki yaha kArya hai to bar3A mahatvapUrNa / para isa kArya kelie bhArata ke jainacatu gha saMgha ko prAraMbha se hI sajaga ho jAnA cAhie thaa| Aja apane samAja meM prAyaH itanI zakti evaM samaya, dhana ko ADambaroM meM kharca karane-karAne kI prathA hai, kyA hI acchA hotA, jainasaMgha aise zAsanotkarSa ke kAryoM ko prAthamikatA detA / calo - bera Ayada durusta Ayada- jaba jAne tabhI saverA yaha mAnakara hI mahI, aba ima kArya kI saphalatA ke lie jainasaMgha dRr3ha saMkalpa ke sAtha laga jAye to bhI acchA hai| para nimaMtraNa pAkara maiM asamaMjasa meM par3a gayA ki Aja taka na to maiMne kabhI ima viSaya para lakSya hI diyA hai aura na hI mujhe isa viSaya kI koI jAnakArI hai| sammelana ke prAraMbha hone meM bhI kama dina raha gae haiN| zodhapatra likhane kelie samaya, mAhitya, purAtattva bAdi sAmagrI aura kharcA karane kelie kAphI chUTa cAhie isake lie puga sahayoga bhI caahie| zodhapatra likhane kelie isa viSaya meM kyA matabheda hai, inakI bhI pUrI jAnakArI caahie| aisI koI bhI suvidhA na hone se yaha kArya mere lie asaMbhava hI (XIX)

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(xx) korA kAgaja (BLANK PAPER) maiMne vivaza hokara gaNi zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI ko patra likhA- bandanA / patra milAnimaMtraNa kelie saadhuvaad| Apane vidvadsammelana meM zAmila hone tathA zodhapatra likha bhejane ko AmaMtrita kiyA hai| Apako jAnakara Azcarya hogA ki maiM isa viSaya se ekadama anabhijJa huuN| kabhI jAnA socA hI nahIM hai ki janmasthAna ke viSaya meM kyA mata-matAntara hai| isakI mujhe koI jAnakArI bhI nahIM hai| isalie isa viSaya para kucha likhanA kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai| ataH isa viSaya meM maiM ekadama korA kAgaja (Blank paper) hUM isalie maiM isa sammelana meM sammilita hone meM apane Apako ekadama asamartha pAtA huuN| ataH kSamAprArthI huuN| ApakA kRpAkAMkSI hIrAlAla duggar3a zrI paMgAsa jI kA uttara patra ApakA milaa| samAcAra jAne / nivedana hai ki jaise bhI bane Apa sammelana meM avazya padhAreM, Apake padhArane se sammelana ko zakti aura Apako bhI jAnakArI milegii| ( patra kA sAra) merA nirNaya paMyAsa jI kA patra milane para maiMne socA ki yadyapi maiM isa viSaya se anabhijJa hUM aura merI yaha nIti bhI nahIM hai ki maiM kisI ke vicAroM kA andhAnukaraNa karUM athavA koI apane vicAroM ko mujha para thopa ske| Ajataka maiMne 51 pustakeM likhI haiN| jo kucha bhI likhA hai apane svataMtra vicAroM meM hI likhA hai| Ajataka apane lekhana ke AlocakoM ne bhI mujha para apanA koI prabhAva nahIM ddaalaa| mujhe jo ThIka satya pratIta hotA hai vahI likhatA huuN| tathApi mujhe vahAM jAne meM lAbha hI hogA / 1. vidvAnoM se paricaya hogA aura unake isa viSaya meM vicAroM ko sunane kA lAbha hogA 2. tIrthAdhirAja sammetazikhara jI yAtrA kA lAbha milegaa| 3. AcArya zrI tathA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ke darzanoM tathA paricaya kA bhI saubhAgya prApta hogaa| maiMne aisA socakara sammelana meM sammilita hone kelie paMyAsa jI ko svIkRtipatra likha diyaa| itihAsajJa vidvata sammelana sammelana ke prAraMbha hote hI maiM madhubana pahuMca gayA aura sammelana meM sammilita ho gyaa| isa sammelana meM bihArakSetra ke uccakoTi ke jainetara itihAsajJa vidvAna hI adhika saMkhyA meM the| jainavidvAna to mAtra tIna hI the / 1. zrI bha~varalAla jI nAhaTA kalakattA 2. zrI ramanabhAI rjI: (gujarAtI) baMbaI 3. zrI hIrAlAla duggar3a maiM svayaM dillI nivAsI / (yaha tInoM) jaina zvetAmbara mandiramArgI AmnAya ke the| saba vidvAnoM ne apane-apane zodhapatra pddh'e| mAtra maiM hI eka korA kAgaja thaa| sammelana ne sarvasammati se nirNaya kiyA kisI janapada meM lacchu ke nikaTa jo atriyakuMDa hai, vahI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna hai|

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(XXI) zodhagraMtha likhane kA merA nizcaya sammelana ke bAda maiM dillI lauTa AyA aura cAra graMtha likhane meM vyasta ho gayA, jo maiMne pahale hI hAtha meM liye hue the| 1985 I. meM hAtha meM liyA huA kArya sampanna ho gyaa| tabataka janmasthAna ke viSaya meM do eka lekha bhI jainetara vidvAnoM ke par3hane ko mile| unameM lagana thI, utsAha thA, ve isa kSetra ke nivAsI bhI the| isalie unheM isa kSetra kA paricaya, jAnakArI aura apanatva bhI vizeSa thaa| unhoMne bar3I tatparatA aura niSThA ke sAtha satyakhoja ke samarthana meM zodha kiyA thaa| patra-patrikAoM meM bhI unake isa viSaya para lekha prakAzita hote rahate haiN| yaha bAta prasannatA kI, prazaMsanIya tathA anumodanIya hai parantu ina lekhoM meM kucha-na-kucha truTi raha jAnA svAbhAvika thA / kAraNa yaha hai ki ye loga jainasAhitya- kalA aura usakI mAnyatAoM se pUrNarUpa se jAnakAra nahIM haiN| aisA honepara bhI unakI satya-niSThA aura lagana kelie ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / 1. kisI ne apane lekha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmaprasaMga ko lekara meruparvata kI kalpanA kSatriyakuMDa ke parvata ke sAtha jor3akara janmAbhiSeka honA yahIM para likha diyA / 2. kisI ne isa kSetra meM jainazAsana ke deva deviyoM, yakSa-yakSiNiyoM kI mUrtiyoM para nandIvardhana ke nAma se aMkita lekhoM ko par3hakara una mUrttiyoM ko jainetara iSTadevoM kI mAnakara nandIvardhana ( bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bar3e bhAI) ko bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSA lene se pahale karmakANDI yajJavAdI mAna liyaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki unheM yaha jJAna hI nahIM hai ki jaina bhI zAsana - deva-deviyoM, yakSa-yakSiNiyoM ko mAnate haiM / AgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA-mAtA se lekara nandIvardhana sahita sAre parivAra ko (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA kevalajJAna se pahale) 23 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA anuyAyI likhA hai| isIlie nandIvardhana bhI janma se hI jainadharmI thaa| pazcAt yaha sArA parivAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anuyAyI banakara pUrvavata jainadharmI banA rhaa| ataH nandIvardhana ko karmakAMDI yajJavAdI mAnanA ekadama bhrAMta hai| isalie ina avazeSoM ko jaina-jainetara zilpakalA kA jAnakAra koI yogya vizeSajJa - purAtatvavettA hI parakha sakatA hai| isase anabhijJa vyakti nahI / vAstava meM yadi ye lekha siddhArtha - trizalA nandana- nandIvardhana dvArA oNkana karAye ha haiM to nizcaya hI ye jaina avazeSa haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki zodhakatA ajJAnatAvaza aisI bhrAMta bAteM lie baiThate haiN| jo Age jA kara bahuta hAnikara siddha hotI hai| aneka saMkhalanAeM inake lekhoM meM raha jAtI haiN| 1984 I. ke madhuvana meM isa itihAsajJa vidvata sammelana ke karNadhAra AcArya zrI guNasAgara sUri jI tathA una ke antevAsI gaNi zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI ne Age calakara isakArya kI pragati keliye kyA kiyA hai yaha merI jAnakArI me nahIM hai| unheM cAhiye thA ki kinhIM yogya itihAsajJa vidvAnoM se isase saMbaMdhita prAmANika itihAsa kSatriyakaDa janmasthAna para taiyAra karAkara sarvaprathama sarvabhASAoM meM prakAzita karake sarvatra deza-videzoM ke vidvAnoM ko prApta kraate| para aisA ho nahIM pAyA isa kamIko dekhana ha maiMne svayaM hI ise likhane kA nizcaya kara yaha zodhagraMtha likhA hai| aura isakI pADaliya gaNi kalAprabhasAgara jI ko prakAzita karAne ke liye hastAMtarita kara dI thI aura ima par3hakara unhoMne mujhe likhA ki Apa jaise mUrdhanya vidvAna ne aisA prAmANika graMtha likhakara merI cirAbhilaSita bhAvanA ko sAkAra kiyA hai| ataH maiM Apa kA bahuta AbhArI huuN| aba ise zIdha prakAzita kara diyA jaavegaa|

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(XXII) pramANika itihAsa kI AvazyakatA svajAti-pUrvajAnAM yo na jAnAti sNbhvm| sa bhavet pUzcalIputra sadRzaH pitRvedkH||1|| arthAt- apane pUrvajoM ke viSaya meM jo jAnakArI nahIM rakhatA vaha usa kula meM kulaTA strIke putra ke samAna hai jise apane pitA ke viSaya meM hI patA nahIM hai| itihAsa-pradIpena mohaavrnn-dhtinH|| sarvaloka dhRtaM garbha yathAvatvaM prakAzayet / / 1 / / (satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra) arthAt itihAsa eka aisA dIpaka hai jo bhamarUpI aMdhakAra ko naSTa karatA hai| jisa kA prayojana saMsAra kI ghaTanAoM, AdhArabhata bAtoM va sahI-tathyoM para prakAza DAlanA hai| dIpaka dvArA jaisI vastu hotI hai vaisI hI dikhalAI detI hai| yaha kisI se pakSapAta nahIM krtii| itihAsa kA bhI ThIka yahI prayojana hai| kinta itihAsa keliye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha prAmANika ho aura niSpakSa-baddhi se likhA gayA ho| itihAsa rASTra, samAja aura dharma kA prANa hai| rASTra, samAja, dharma kI uccatA itihAsa kI uccatA para hI nirbhara karatI hai| ataeva itihAsa eka aisA mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai ki jo sacce sAhitya kA AdhAra hai| jisa kAvya meM saccI aitihAsikatA nahIM hai vaha kavi kI korI-kalpanA hI hai| vaha manovinoda ke sivAya kisa kAma kA? bar3e bar3e rAjanItijJoM kA kathana hai ki jisa rASTra, samAja, saMskRti ko naSTa karanA ho, usakI bhASA, sAhitya, AdazoM, zAstroM, lipi, aura smArakoM ko naSTa kara denA caahie| ataH kisI rASTra, samAja, dharma kA itihAsa bigAr3a denA akSamya mahAna aparAdha hai| kitane hI dAyitvazUnya lekhaka apanI kalpanAoM kA pradarzana karate hue kucha kA kucha likha baiThate haiN| isa se yathArtha kA lopa ho jAne se anartha ho jAtA hai| cAhiye to yaha ki jo bhI aitihAsika carcA kI jAya vaha pUre anveSaNapUrvaka ho| isa sambandha meM bar3e-bar3e itihAsajJa bhI dhokhA khA jAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke viSaya meM bhI aisA hI huA hai| isalie bAvazyaka ho jAtA hai ki jo isa para zodha-khojakartAoM ne likhA hai, una bhAMta mAnyatAboM para prakAza DAlakara. sahI nirNaya kiyA jaave| jainadharmake caubIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kSatriyakaMDanagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara huA thaa| yaha kSatriyakuMDagrAma nagara kahAM thA? isake sambandha meM amotpAdaka bAteM likhI pAyI jAtI haiN| isa satya ko koI muThalA nahIM sakatA ki zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kaMDagrAma meM huA thaa| parantu kucha pAzcimAtya itihAsakAroM kI bhramapUrNa sthApanAoM ke prabhAva meM Akara katipaya bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI kaMDagrAma kI avasthiti ko vivAdagrasta banA diyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vidvAnoM kI alaga-alaga sthApanAeM haiN|

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iixxiil) sabhI dharmoM ke apane mAnya mahApuruSoM ke janmasthAna, nirvANa sthAna athavA unake jIvanake prasaMgoM kI viziSTa tiSiyoM ko bahuta mahatva diyA gayA hai evaM una sthAnoMko bhAvoMkI zaddhi aura abhivRddhi kA kAraNa mAnate hue vahAM ke kaNa-kaNa ko pavitra mAnA hai| ataH una sthAnoM kI yAtrA sahasroM varSoM se loga karate Ae haiM aura vahAM se preraNA pAkara apanI AtmA ko pavitra aura dhanya mAnate haiN| mahAna-paruSoM ke jIvanasaMbaMdhI janma, nirvANa Adi tithiyoM ko bhI vizeSa zraddhA-bhakti sahita vrata-jApa-pUjA-AgadhanA Adi kI jAtI hai| jainadharma ke tIrthaMkaroM ke pAMcoM kalyANakoM kI bhamiko tIthaM mAnane kI prAcIna paraMparA haiN| AgamoM meM saba se prAcIna Agama AcAgaga kI niyukti meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa ye pAMco kalyANaka kina-kina tIrthaMkaroM ke kahAM-kahAM hue haiM aura kima-kima tithi, nakSatra meM hI haiM isakA bhI prAcIna AgamoM meM vivaraNa milatA hai| kalyANaka tithiyo kI AgadhanA vizeSa dhamAMnuSThAnoM dvArA kI jAtI hai tathA kalyANaka miyoM kI yAtrA karane meM Aja bhI vahata utsAha, zraddhA aura bhaktibhAva najara AtA hai| kacha arvAcIna videzI aura bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmami kI bhrAta mAnyatA meM prabhAvita hokara bihAra sarakAra ne isI AdhAra para bihArapradeza ke gagAnadI ke uttara mujaphpharapura jile ke antargata vasAr3ha nAmaka grAma ko prAcIna vaizAlI mAnakara uma ke samIpa hI vAsakaMDa nAmaka grAma ko prAcIna kaMDapara mAna liyA hai| vahAM eka prAcIna kaMDa ke bhI cinha pAye gaye haiM vahIM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakuDa mAnakara umI ke samIpa ahalya nAmaka bhUmikhaMDa ko apane adhikAra meM lekara usapara gherA banA diyA hai aura vahAM para eka kamalAkAra vedikA banAkara eka magamaramara kA zilApaTTa sthApita kara usa para arddhamAgadhI bhASA meM ATha gAthAoM kA lekha hindI anuvAda sahita akita kara diyA gayA hai| jisa meM varNana hai ki "yaha sthala jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thA aura jahAM ve apane tIsavarSa ke kamArakAla ko pUrA kara jita hue the|"shilaalekh meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki "bhagavAna ke janma me 2555 varSa vyatIta hone para vikrama saMvata 2012 varSa meM bhArata ke rASTrapati zrI gajendrapramAda ne yahAM Akara isa sthApanA kA lAbha uThAyA hai| isa mahAvIrasmAraka ke mamIpa imakI taTavartI bhami para zAtiprasAda sAha digambarI ke dAna se eka bhavyabhavana kA nirmANa bhI karA diyA aura bhavana meM bihAra rAjyazAsana dvArA 'prAkRta jainazodha saMsthAna jo 1956 ImavI meM digambarI DA0 hIrAlAla jaina M. A. D. Litt ke nirdezatva meM mujaphpharapura meM prAraMbha kiyA gayA thaa| inhIM ke dvArA vaizAlI mahAvIrasmAraka sthApita kagayA gayA aura zodhasaMsthAna bhavana kA nirmANakArya bhI prAraMbha huaa|" isa zodhasaMsthAna meM vahAM upasthita zvetAMbara jainasamAja ne bhI dila kholakara dAna diyA thaa| isI zAMtiprasAda sAhU digambarI ne yahAM eka digambara maMdira kI sthApanA bhI kii| pazcAt skUloM aura mahAvidyAlayoM (kAlejoM) kI nimna kakSAoM se le kara uccatama kakSAoM kI pAThya-pustakoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vaizAlI janmasthAna kI mAnyatA ko prakAzita kara diyA gyaa| mAtra itanA hI nahIM amarIkana tathA baratAniyA ke koSakAroM ne bhI apane koSoM meM isa prAMta-mAnyatA ko prakAzita kara diyaa|

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Cxxiv) niHsaMdeha pichale kaI dazaka se bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI sarasvatI sAdhanA se ye aneka mAMta mAnyatAeM khaDita huI haiM aura kvikvIna banasaMdhAna kI saMbhAvanAeM bar3hatI calI jA rahI haiN| isI saMdarbha meM 1.zrI narezacaMdra mizrajana jinhoMne vaizAlI kI mAnyatA kA virodha karate hue aneka patra-patrikAkoM meM lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa kaMDagrAma ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhami mAnane ke pakSa meM apane tarka diye haiN| pana: bihAra DisTrikTa gajeTiyara (muMgera) meM isI Azaya ke vivAda kA ullekha karate hae aisI sUcanA dI gaI hai Jainism has also hold in Mongher, Bihar is the Birth place of Mahaveera Swami the 24th Tirthankara, There arediti-rent theses to the Birth place of Mahaveera swami hold it was at Lachwar village in Jumui Subdivision, (Page 375 Edition 1966 A.D.) DA. zyAmAprasAda, DA. svAmIrAmaraghuvIra, DA. bhagavAnadAsa kesarI, ajayakumAra sinhA, zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA (kalakattA) sva. muni zrI darzanavijaya jI (tripuTI) Adi kaIyoM ne vaizAlI kI prAMta mAnyatA ke nirasana ke viSaya meM likhA hai aura ve likha rahe haiN| para kheda hai ki kaI jaina-patra-patrikAkAra abhI bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlI janmasthAna ke pakSa meM gIta gAye jA rahe haiN| kavitAoM, bhASaNoM aura pustakoM, lekhoM meM bhI, skUloM kAlejoM meM bhI yahI pATha par3hAye jA rahe haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI hai| kheda hai ki jainasamAja kI tarapha se aisA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA ki kisI yogya vidvAna se aisI zodhapUrNa pustaka jisameM saba dRSTiyoM se sapramANa muMgera jilAntargata kSatriyakaMDa ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna siddha karane meM sakSama hoM likhAI jAve aura pAThya pustakoM meM se bhI isa mAnyatA ko nikalavAne kelie sakriya ho| ____ isa abhAva ko dekhate hue maiMne san IsvI 1986 meM svayaM aisI zodhapustaka likhane kA nizcaya kiyaa| aneka parezAniyoM, bAdhAoM, saMkaToM ko pAra karate hue dRr3ha nizcaya aura saMkalpapUrvaka yaha zodhapustaka likhakara taiyAra ho pAI hai| isa zodhakArya meM aneka vighna-bAdhAeM aaii| kaI nagaroM ke graMthAgAroM meM jAkara isa kArya ko yathAzakti-mati aura yogyatAnusAra yaha zodhagraMtha likhane meM maiM saphala ho pAyA huuN| zvetAmbara jainacaturvidha saMgha apane sAvitva ko samajhe aura isa ke prakAzana pracAra-prasAra meM sakriya sahayoga 1. kheda hai ki jainoM kI upekSA, pramAda, udAsInatA aura lAparavAhI ke kAraNa aneka tIrtha vismRta ho gaye, anekaviccheda ho gaye aura AkramaNakAriyoM kI tor3a-phor3a, laTapATa se dhvaMsa kiye gaye, aneka dhamAdhoM ne apane kabje meM karake apanI mAnyatA ke rUpa meM parivartita krliye| 2. vikrama kI 16vIM zatI meM hI baina dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM se kucha aise saMpradAya sthApita karaliye gaye, jo jinapratimAoM, jinamaMdiroM, jinatIrthoM kI mAnyatA ke kaTTara virodhI ho gaye aura unake pracAra prasAra se jainamaMdiroM aura cainatIyoM,jainasmArakoM kI bahuta bhati huii|

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(XXV) 3. cInI-bauddhayAtrI phAhiyAna, yuddhasAMga Adi ne bhArata kA bhramaNa karake jainasmArakoM, bainastUpoM ko bauddhasmAraka ghoSita karake jainasaMskRti ke itihAsa ko bhAmaka banA diyaa| 4. vartamAna pAzcimAtya evaM bhAratIya itihAsalekhakoM ne aneka jainadharmasthAnoM ko apanI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa bauddhoM aura anya saMpradAyoM ke itihAsa ke pannoM meM likha diyaa| 5. caubIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke magadha janapada meM (vartamAna meM bihAra prAMta) muMgera jilAMtargata jamuI sabaDivijana meM lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM kaMDaparanagara (kSatriyakaMDa nagara) meM cyavana, (garbhAvatAra), janma, dIkSA (ye tIna) kalyANaka hue tathA gRhavAsa meM tIsavarSa vyatIta kiye| 2. unako kevalajJAna RjukUlanadI ke taTapara jabhiyagrAma aura nirvANa pAvApurI meM huaa| kuMDapura, bhiyagrAma aura pAvApurI ye tInoM gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM magadha janapada meM the| arthAta unake pAMcoM kalyANa kI gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM hue| ina saba sthAnoM para jainamaMdiroM kA nirmANa karAkara una meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratimAeM pratiSThita karake jainatIrtha sthApita kiye gye| jina para Aja taka zvetAMbara jaina paramparA kA svAmittva vidyamAna hai| 6. lagabhaga 100 varSoM se pAzcimAtya DA. harmanajekobI. DA. hAnale Adi jarmana-vidvAnoM ne evaM unakA aMdhAnukaraNa karanevAle apane hI AcArya vijayeMdra sUri aura paMyAsa muni kalyANavijaya evaM katipaya digambara lekhakoM tathA jainoM meM hI jinapratimA utthApaka saMpradAyoM ke katipaya padavIdhArI-nAmI sAdhuoM ne tathA kucha jainetara lekhakoM ne videha janapada meM gaMgA ke uttara meM vasAr3ha Adi do eka grAmoM ko vaizAlI mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna sthApita bhI kara liyA aura aisI khokhalI-bhrAmaka mAnyatA ke samarthana meM bihAra sarakAra ne janmasthAna kA zilApaTTa bhI lagA diyaa| 7. inhIM lekhakoM ke AdhAra para vidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM kI pAThyapustakoM meM bhI vaizAlI janmasthAna kA prAmaka pracAra kaI dazakoM se cAlU hai| 8. inhIM zodhakoM ke AdhAra se amarIkI aura baratAnavI Adi videzI koSakAroM ne bhI apane koSoM meM vaizAlI ko hI janmasthAna likha diyA hai| 9. itanA hI nahIM, ina sau varSoM ke sarvavyApaka pracAra prasAra se Aja isa khokhalI aura prAMta mAnyatA kA jainasamAja meM bhI sarvatra vyApaka rUpa se jora pakar3atA jA rahA hai| isa pramAda kA pariNAma kyA hogA? 1. niraMtara aisA sarvavyApaka galata pracAra cAlU rahane kA pariNAma yaha hogA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna kuMDapuranagara ekadama bhUla jAne se ki isakSetra meM vidyamAna saba tIrthasthala viccheda ho jaayeNge| (saphAe-hastI se miTajAyeMge) yaha aisA akSamya aparAdha hogA ki jisakA kalaMka TIkA anantakAla taka jainasamAja ke mAthe para lagA rhegaa| 2. kheda kA viSaya to yaha hai ki sau varSoM se isa tIrthocchedaka pracAra hone para bhI jaMgamatIrtha kahalAne vAle caturvidha bainasaMgha meM kisI bhI padavIdhArI yugapradhAna, AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, gaNi, paMthAsa, pravartanI, mahattarA Adi zramaNa-zramaNiyAM athavA

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(xxVI) dhanakavera, apane-Apa ko dRr3ha samyagadaSTi, bainasaMgha ke anarAgI, tIrthasaMrakSaka hone kA dama bharane vAle zrAvaka-zrAvikAyeM hone kA gaurava mAnate hue bhI Ajataka unameM se kisI kI kuMbhakaraNI nIMda nahIM khulii| unakI aisI upekSA-vRtti ko dekhate hue dila kAMpa uThatA 3. akhila-bhAratIya jaina zvetAMbara kAnphosa, AnandajI kalyANajI kI par3hI, jinakA mukhya uddezya hI jinazAsana evaM tIrtha maMgkSaNa kA hai, ve bhI Ajataka hAtha para hAtha rakha kara mauna mAdhe kyoM baiTha rahe haiM? inhone prAMta-mAnyatA ke virodha meM aura vAstavika janmasthAna ke samarthana meM prema aura pleTaphArma meM pracAra karane para dhyAna kyoM nahIM diyA? pAThyapustakoM meM prAMta mAnyatAoM ke bhAga ko kyoM nahI httaavaayaa| 4 isa ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA ki magadha janapada me lacaADa ke nikaTa kaMDaparanagara (kSatriyakaDa) hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna hai| jahAM unake cyavana, janma, dIkSA tIna kalyANaka hA the aura unhoMna nIma va gahavAma bhI kiyA thaa| isakA prAcIna jainAgama, mAhitya, pragatatva, bhagola, bhatatvavidyA, bhASAzAstra, narka tathA tIrthamAlAeM Adi niviMgedha ekamata meM samarthana karate hai| 5 para Ajataka aisA kabhI kimI ne bhI nahIM mocA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlI janmasthAna kI mAnyatA dRDha ho jAne se kyA bhayakara pariNAma hogA prAcIna tIrtha ima kSetra ke viccheda ho jaayeNge| 6.Aja me 37-38 varSa pahale ni zrI darzavijaya jI (vipI) ne zodhapastaka likhakara prakAzita karAI thii| jima meM mapramANa siddha kiyA thA ki lacchAda ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| vaizAlI kI mAnyatA prAna hai| para kheda hai ki usa kA bhI mavaMtra pracAra nahIM ho paayaa| cAhiye no yaha thA dezI-videzI mava bhASAoM meM bhASAtara karavA kara isa kA mavaMvyApaka pracAra kiyA jaataa| mI kabhaNI nidrA kisa kAma kI jisameM apanA mavamva hI laTa jaay| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paccIsavIM nirvANa zatAbdI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paccIsavI nivAMNa zatAbdI bhAratavapa ke kAna-kona ma baDe ADambara ThATa-bATa aura dhama-dhAma meM gATrIya mnara meM manAyI gayI hai| isa upalakSa meM bhArata magkAra aura janasamAja ne kagaMDo rupaye kharca kiye| paranta kae jainAcAryoM aura unake bhagato ne ima kA iTa kara virodha bhI kiyaa| jisameM hajAge lAvA mpayaM mvAhA kiye gye| AzcayaM to isa bAna kA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke pracAra-pramAra kI tarapha dono pakSI me me kimI kA lakSya hI nahIM gyaa| cAhiye to yaha thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna. dIkSA. kevalajAna aura nirmANasthAna evaM jahA-jahAM bhI prAcInakAla meM jainatIthaM vidyamAna hai unheM vicaMdrada hone meM pahale hI unake marakSaNa aura vikAma keliye pleTaphArma aura prema ke mAdhyama meM maMgaThinampa meM tana-mana-dhana meM vyApaka mahayoga diyA jAnA, jisame ye prAcIna mahAnIthaM madA-mavaMdA murgakSata rahane meM makSama hote| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ima kSatriyakaMDa graMtha ke viSaya meM Der3ha varSa pUrva jaba maiMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna para zodhagraMtha likhane kA nizcaya kiyA to vicAra

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(XXVII) haA ki isa viSaya meM vaizAlI ke pakSadharoM se bhI sAkSAta karake unake vicAroM se bhI avagata ho liyA jAya tAki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlI ke janmasthAna ke viSaya meM unake pAsa kyA-kyA pramANa yA tarka hai| 1. zvetAMbara terApaMtha saMpradAya ke khyAtanAmA vidvAna DI. liTa mAnada padavIdhArI mani zrI nagarAja jI kucha varSoM se dillI meM raha rahe haiN| maiMne unheM patra likhakara unake vaizAlI ke pakSa kI paSTi keliye unake pAsa jo pramANa haiM unheM likhakara bhejane ko likhaa| unhoMne apane patra meM isa viSaya para kacha na likha kara mujhe sAkSAta milane ko likhaa| unakA patra milane para maiM dUsare dina unake pAsa gyaa| paraspara paricaya ke AdAna-pradAna ke pazcAt maiMne unase vaizAlI ke viSaya meM jAnakArI dene ko kahAunhoMne kahA ki- "merI mAnyatA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke viSaya meM vaizAlI kI hai aura isa mAnyatA ko prAyaH sabhI ne mAna bhI liyA hai tathA bihArarAjya ne usa bhRbhAga ko mAnyatA dekara janmasthAna kA vahAM zilApaTTa bhI lagA diyA hai|" ____ maiMne vaizAlI pakSa ke virodha meM kucha Agamika, bhaugolika, purAtAtvika, aitihAsika pramANa diye to ve jhaTa bola uThe ki "kyA Apa apane vicAra mujha para Thosane Aye haiN| acchA aba maiM smjhaa|" maiMne kahA ki-aisA nhiiN| kyoki mujhe isa viSaya para pustaka likhanI hai, Apane isa viSaya para gahana-gaMbhIra ciMtana-manana bhI kiyA hogaa| isaliye mai Apake pAsa jAnakArI liye AyA h| uttara milA ki- basa isa viSaya meM merA jo nirNaya hai vaha kaha diyA hai| isa ke viSaya me mai aura kucha nahIM kahanA caahtaa| itanI vArtAlApa ke bAda mai vahA se calA aayaa| 2. pamtaka likhane ke bAda rAjagRhI meM vigayatana saMsthA ke saMsthApaka sthAnakavAmI sapradAya ke khyAtanAmA vidvAna mAna kavi amaracada jI upAdhyAya jo lagabhaga 45 varSoM se mere paricita haiM, unheM mai ne patra likhA ki- "maiMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kSatriyakaDa para zodhagraMtha likhA hai| use maiM Apake pAsa saMzodhana ke lie bhejanA cAhatA hu| yadi Apa samaya nikAla sake to maiM Apako presakApI dekhane keliye bheja deN| unakA uttara milA- ki merI mAnyatA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna vaizAlI kI dRDha hai| Apane jo zodhagratha likhA hai use mai vRddhAvasthA. asvasthatA eva dRSTi ke kama ho jAne ke kAraNa na par3ha-sana paauuNgaa| isa zodhagratha ko likhane meM ekavarSa lgaa| binA kisI kI preraNA tathA kimI prakAra ke sahayoga ke yathAsAdhana, yathAmati. yathAzakti, yathAyogyatA ime likhA hai| tIrtharakSaNa, jinazAsana kI bhakti aura zraddhA se nisvArthabhAva se likhane meM dvAdazAMgavANI (gaNi piTakI) adhiSThatrI devI aura iSTadeva ke sahayoga aura AzIvAda me evaM paramakRpAlU gurudeva sva. zrI vijayAnanda sarIzvara (AtmArAmajI) mahArAja kI parokSa preraNA kA sadA maMbala rahA hai| ataH yaha unhIM kI mahatI kRpA kA suphala hai| isa meM gerA kucha nahIM hai| ___84 varSa kI vRddhAvasthA, zarIra aura indriyoM kI zithilatA, AMkhoM kI jyoti kI kamI, aura isI-varSa cArabAra durghaTanAgrasta ho jAne se aisA lagatA hai ki saMbhavataH aba alpAyu zeSa hai| apane jIvana ke bar3e bhAga 55 varSoM meM 50 pustakeM likhI haiM jo prakAzita haiN| 10 pustakeM aprakAzita haiM inake bAda 51 vAM puSpa yaha hai aura saMbhavataH yaha

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(XXVIII) merI aMtima racanA hogii| isaliye isakA prakAzana (hindI aura aMgrejI donoM bhASAoM meM) yathAzIghra koI khyAtanAmA saMsthA karake sarvavyApaka pracAra-prasAra kare to mujhe tabhI prasannatA hogii| isa zodhagraMtha ko likhakara maiM apane kRtasaMkalpa meM saphala huuN| aba ise prakAzita karake adhika se adhika pracAra aura prasAra karanA jainasaMgha kA kAma hai| do varSa kebAda gaNi kalA prabhusAgara ne bhI pAMDulipi lauTA dI para prakAzita nahIM karA paaye|| Aja se cAra-varSa pahale jainazvetAMbara acalagacchIya AcArya pravara zrI gaNasAgara sUri jI tathA una ke antevAsI gaNi zrI kalAprabhasAgara jI ne bhagavAna ke janmasthAna lacchAr3a ke nikaTa bhatriyakaMDa ke pracAra-prasAra aura uddhAra ke kArya ko sampanna karane keliye apane hAtha meM liyA hai| unhoMne dinAMka 24, 25, 26 navambara 1984 ko sarvaprathama sammetazisara mahAtIrtha kI talahaTI madhuvana (bihAra rAjya) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vAstavika janmasthAna ke sambandha meM akhilabhAratIya itihAsajJa vidvatasammelana kA Ayojana kiyaa| isameM sarvasammati se nirNaya pAyA ki lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa kaMDapuranagara hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna hai| isa sammelana meM maiMne apane pravacana meM kahA thA ki isa nirNaya ke bAda isa tIrtha ke sarvatra pracAra-prasAra aura uddhAra kA prAraMbha samajhakara aba kArya satata cAla rakhanA hai| kahIM yaha na samajha liyA jAya ki sammelana meM nirNaya karake bAda isakI itizrI ho gayI hai| ataH isa kArya kI saphalatA keliye anekavidha kArya karane hoMge yathA 1. pAThyapustakoM se vaizAlI kI mAnyatA ke badale kSatriyakuMDa kI mAnyatA ko dAkhila krnaa| 2. bhArata sarakAra se kSatriyakaMDa kI mAnyatA ko svIkAra kraanaa| 3. isa kSetra ke saba maMdiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAnA aura unakI surakSA, pUjA kI vyavasthA pratidina keliye kraanaa| 4. isa kArya ko sthAI vyavasthita rakhane kelie peDhI kI sthApanA krnaa| 5. yAtriyoM kI suvidhA keliye bihAra sarakAra ke sahayoga se pratyeka maMdira meM jAne-Ane keliye rAstoM ko jaMgaloM jhAr3iyoM se sApha karAkara sar3akoM kA nirmANa karAnA jisase Ane-jAne meM sugamatA ho| 6. koSoM meM vaizAlI ke badale kSatriyakaMDa ko janmasthAna likhvaanaa| 7. isa janmasthAna keliye apane samAja meM jAgati lAne keliye saba sAdhu-sAdhviyAM jahAM bhI vicareM vahAM apane vyAkhyAnoM meM isakA pracAra kareM tathA deza-videza meM pracAra keliye pustakoM ke mAdhyama se evaM bhASaNoM se pracAra kiyA jaaveN| 8. isa tIrtha saMbaMdhI prAmANika itihAsa pastakeM tathA itihAsa ke choTe-choTe pholDara, pAkeTapustakeM saba dezI-videzI bhASAoM meM prakAzita karake sastedAmoM se sarvatra pracAra prasAra kiyA jaave| 9. isI uddezya ko lakSya meM rakhakara maine yaha zodha-pastaka likhI hai| isakA saba bhASAoM meM bhASAMtara karavA kara prakAzana ho aura saMsthA ise prakAzita kre| vaha dhana kamAne keliye nahIM parantu isa tIrtha ke sarvatra pracAra keliye svalpa (kama) mUlya rkhe| 10. apane saba tIrthoM ke mAdhyama se vahAM kI per3hI se isa pustaka kI bikrI kI vyavasthA kI jaave| 11. jisa-jisa vyakti ke hAtha meM yaha pustaka jAve usakA bhI paramakartavya hai ki vaha apane nagara meM gAMva meM saba puruSoM-mahilAoM ko isa pustaka ko maMgavAne kI preraNA kare aura grAhaka banA kara pustakeM maMgavA leM 12. yaha

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(xxix) pastaka pratyeka jaina parivAra meM avazya pahuMcanI cAhie tAki isake par3hane se vaizAlI kI mAnyatA unakI mana aura mastiSka se nikala jAve aura kSatriyakaMDa hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAnaM usake AsthA kAyama ho jaave| 13. isa pustaka kI pAMDulipi chaha-sAta-vidvAnoM ko bhejakara adyopAMta parIkSaNa karavA liyA hai| saba ne isa kI anamodanA aura prazaMsA kI hai| unakA AbhAra mAnatA h| zAhadarA dillI dinAMka 15.5.1987 I. hIrAlAla duggar3a

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.isa pustaka ke lekhaka kI anya ke kRtiyAM.. - maMtra, yaMtra, taMtra vijJAnAbhAga eka aura do mUlya Rs. 35 eka zakuna vijJAna mUlya Rs. 35 jIvana utkarSa ke lie matra yaMtra zaktizAlI sAdhana hai| jIvana kI alaga-alaga bhUmikAoM para rahane vAloM ko alaga-alaga prakAra se sahAyaka hotA hai| vizeSa spaSTa kare to dhanArthI ko dhana,santAnArthI ko santAna, arogya yazArthI ko arogya yaza kA adhikArI banAtA hai| vividha prakAra ke bhayoM se rakSaNa karatA hai| koI vyAdha roga yA pIDAse pIDita hai to usakA nivAraNa karatA hai| bhUta-preta zakti kI pIr3A bAdhA chAyA me pIr3itoM ko chuTakArA dilAtA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa dvArA paramAtmA pada taka pahuMcane kI abhilASA ho to usameM bhI anta taka sahAyaka hotA hai| maMtra-yaMtra-taMtra vijJAna ke aise prayoga diye haiN| ve saba apanI kaTamba jAti samAja, deza rASTra,vizva,dharma, dharma sthaloM Adi kI rkssaa| hiMsaka pazuoM pakSiyoM, coroM DAkaoM, gaMDoM balAtkAriyo, badamAzoM Adi zatra,zatrasenAoM se rakSA tathA bacAva ke lie paramAvazyaka aura prabhAvazAlI prayoga hai| vyavamAyika kAryoM kI gatthiyo ko sulajhAne ke lie amodha upAya hai| vaira virodha zamana zAMti sthApita karane meM acUka hai| mahA A~dhI, mahAvRSTi ko roka kara mahA~ pralayakArI se bacAva anAvRSTi, avRSTi kA nivAraNa kara sakhe kAla Adi se rAhata, hiMsaka ko ahiMmaka vyabhicAriyoM ko sadAcArI,vipatti pIDitoM ko mukti dilAkara sakhI banAtA hai| niHsantAniyoM ko satAna prApti avivAhitoM ko yogya sAvidhI prApta. bichar3oM ko milApa badI ko baMdIkhAne (jela) se mukti dilAkara parivAra pati patniyoM meM paraspara vaira, prema, sneha karA denaa| yuddho se nijAta dilAnA zAsako Adi ko matra ke camatkAro se prabhAvita kara dharma samAja vizva kalyANakArI kAryoM meM sahayoga liyA jA sakatA hai| vizva meM jitane bhI bhalAI ke kArya haiN| ve saba maMtra Adi ke prayoga se prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| jo jIvana ko amRtamaya banA sakate haiN| paMDita pravara zrI hIrAlAla jI daggaDa jo jaina vidhA marmajJa haiM ne 55 varSoM ke satata parizrama se prAcIna zAstra bhaMDAgese maMtra tatra yaMtra vijJAna kA sagraha kiyA hai| isame se do bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiN| pahale bhAga, mahAmaMtra navakAra,namutpaNa,loga sma ke matro yatro tatroM kA vidhi vidhAna sahita tathA nAba graha doSa nivAraNa ke maMtroM-yatroM-taMtro eva ratnoM dvArA upAyoM kA varNana hai| paimaThiye yaMtra (24 tIrthaMkaro tathA 1 saMgha) dUsare bhAga meM pAMca zAsanadeviyoM ke maMtroM-yaMtroM-taMtro kA vidhi vidhAna sahita samAveza hai| (1 mahAna camatkArI padamAvatI devI.... pAzrvanAtha prabhu kI zAsana devI)2. mahAcamatkArI cakrezvarI devI (prabhu RSabhadeva siddha cakra zatra jaya tIrtha kI zAsana devI) 3 adhikAra devI (zrI neminAtha prabha kI tathA kAMgar3A mahAtIrtha kI zAsana devI) 4. mahAlakSmI ina saba matro yatroM taMtroM ke vidhi vidhAna sahita ArAdhanA karane kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana hai| pratyeka bhAga kA mUlya rupaye paiMtIsa-DAka, kharca alg| zaphala vijJAna- imameM zakanoM ke phaloM kA ghara me caityAlaya banAne Adi aneka viSayoM kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana hai| mUlya rupaye bIsa DAka kharca alg| patra vyavahAra tathA rupaye Adi maniArDara se dillI ke baiMka DAkagharoM, se nIce likhe pate para bhejeN| HIRALAL DUGGAR 641-B/2. motIrAma mArga zAhadarA dillI-110032 -

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anukrama NOOM naM. viSaya 1. samarpaNa 2. anukrama 3. pustaka lekhaka paricaya 4. AcArya zrI vijayeMdradinna sari jIvana paricaya 5.prakAzAkIya 6. prastAvanA 7. bhUmikA M" 0 .2 MMm 1.magalAcaraNa 2. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya 3. 24veM tIrthakara kA janma-jIvana-kamArakAla 4. rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra kA vivAha 5. dIkSA aura tapasyA 6. kevalajJAna 7. dharmopadeza, tIrthasthApanA, Agama racanA 8. bhagavAna kI vANI para Azrita sAhitya 9 mahAvIra ke siMddhAtoM kI garimA 10 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa 11. mahAvIra kA saMgha parivAra 12. jyotiSa aura vardhamAna mahAvIra 13. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDa 14. videzI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAeM 15. harmana jekobI kI mAnyatA 16. DA. hAnele kI mAnyatA 17.paM. kalyANavijaya kI mAnyatA 18. A. vijayendra sari kI mAnyatA 19. digambaroM kI mAnyatA 20. Agama evaM zvetAMbara jainoM kI mAnyatA 21. Adhunika vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM kA siMhAvalokana. 22. zodhakoM kI saMkhanulanAoM para 1. sAhityika pramANa 23. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbha parAvartana 24. mahArAnI trizalA kA dohada 25. mahAvIra janma-dikamAriyoM kA AnA 26. AmalikI krIr3A 17. kuMDagrAma meM dIkSAeM (XXXI) 41 51 52 58 62

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28. digambaroM kI janmasthAna mAnyatA 29. itihAsakAroM kI bhrAMta mAnyatAeM 30. bhrAMta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA 31. paM. kalyANavijaya kA mata 32. gaMgApAra 33. kSatriyakuMDa aura vaizAlI ke muhalle 34. vaizAlI ke grAma 35. vaizAlI kA mAnacitra 36. AcArya tulamI evaM anya 37. DA. yogendra mizra 38. rAhula sAMkRtyAyaNa evaM anya 39. mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kA sAhitya meM parIkSaNa 40 (2) bhUtala vidyA 41. (3) itihAsa 42. (4) bhASAzAstra 43 (5) purAtatva 44. baniyA, cakrAmadAsa, koluA 45 bauddha yAtriyoM ke kAlameM vaizAlI 46 uparyukta saMdarbha meM vicAraNA 47. jainazAsana meM stRpoM kA nirmANa 48. ( 6-7) bhUgola aura tarka 49 Aryadeza nAmAvala .(XXXII) 50. videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI 51. vaizAlI aura vamADha, rAjadhAnI kaMDapura 52 kSatriyakaDa aura nadiyA 53. kSatriyakaDa aura vamakaDa 54. kAkadI 55. (8) yAtrI - yAtrI saMgha 56 janmasthAna jAne ke mArga 57 pariziSTa 1 - magadha aura jaina 56 magadha jainadharma kI vizeSatAe aura jaina mamkRti 59. jainadharma eva magadha 60 pariziSTa-2 vaizAlI gaNanatra 61 mahAvIra vaMza ke sAtha ceTaka kA saMbaMdha 62 mAnabhrama 63 vaizAlI gaNataMtra kA ana 64 vaizAlI para AkramaNa kA kAraNa 65. caMTaka kA rAjyoM ke sAtha kraoNTambika saMbaMdha 66 rAjyapraNAliyA 67. rAjA udAyaNa 68 TippaNI (Footnotes) 62 66 67 76 81 83 86 89 90 89 90 91 92 92 93 99 100 102 103 104 106 107 108 109 111 112 115 120 134 136 142 183 188 146 148 150 150 151 151 152

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maMgalA caraNa kI siddhANaM Namo kiccA || marahaM saraNaM pavaAmi OM kI siddhe saraNaM pavajjAmi kI sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi zrI kevali - paNNattaM dhammaM saraNaM pavajAmi A Namo loe saha sAhU Jie a si Shou Bu Namo siddhANaM Namo tavasta jo arahaMtANaM) Sta kI Namo anyAvANa daMsaNassa Namo Shi Sheng riyANa yo Aya nANassa Namo S anKao kI marihaMta - siddhAcAya-pAdhyAya sarva sAdhubhyaH // saddarzana - jJAna - cAritra- tapobhyasta kI namaH // OM hrIM zrIM klIM blUM ai ahaM sarvadoSa praNAzanyai namaH / / vizva kI Adi tathA prAcInatama jIvita saMskRti / jainadharma evaM bhramaNa dhanavAna mahAvIra

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zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya bhAratIya sAhitya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkara asminvai bhArate varSe banmavai bhaavkkule| tapasAyuktaH mahAtmAnaM kezotpATana puurvkm|| tIrthakarA-racaturvizan sAtaistu puraskRta chAyAkRta 'phanIneSa dhyAnamAtra prdeshikm|| ___ (vaidika padmapurANa 5/14, 389) arthAt- isa bhAratavarSa meM caubIsa tIrthakaroM ne zrAvakakula (jainakSatriya kala) meM janma liyaa| unhoMne kezalaMcanapUrvaka tapasyA meM apanI AtmA ko yakta karake apane Apa ko paskRta (kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| jaba ve dhyAna me mauna hote the to phaNIndra (nAgarAja) una para chAyA karate the| caubIsa tIrthakaroM ke nAma* zuSama-ajita-saMbhava-abhinandana-sumati-pamaprabha-supArzva-candaprabhasavidhi- zItala-zreyAMsa-vAsupUjya-vimala-ananta-dharma-zAMti-kaMtha -para-malli-munisuvrata-nami-nemi-pArva-vardhamAna AntA binAH (bRhacchanti DA. buddhaprakAza DI. liTa ne apane graMtha bhAratIya dharma aura saMskRti meM likhA hai- mahAbhArata ke viSNu ke sahasra nAmoM meM zreyAMsa, ananta, zAMti aura saMbhava cAra nAma Ate haiN| ye saba nAma tIrthaMkaroM ke haiN| kRSabha, ajita, ananta, dharma ke nAma milate haiN| viSNu aura ziva donoM kA eka nAma mAtra suvrata milatA hai| ye saba nAma tIrthakaroM ke haiN| lagatA hai ki mahAbhArata ke samanvayapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM tIrthakaroM ko viSNu, ziva aura brahmA ke rUpa meM siddha kara dhArmika ekatA sthApita

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kSatriyakaDa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa se spaSTa hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA atyaMta prAcIna siddha hotI hai uparyukta nAmAvali meM mahAvIra jainadharma ke 24veM tIrthakara the| kinta jaina aitihAsika paramparA ke anusAra na to ve jainadharma ke Adi pravartaka the aura na sadaiva kelie antima tIrthaMkara the| anAdikAla se dharma ke tIrthakara hote rahe haiM aura Age bhI hote rheNge| unake dvArA upadiSTa dharma meM apane apane yagAnamAra vizeSatAeM bhI rahatI haiM aura una ke maulika svarUpa meM tAlamela bhI rahatA hai| vartamAna yuga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha mAne gaye haiN| jinakA ullekha na mAtra jainAgamoM meM AtA hai parantu bhArata ke prAcIna graMthoM jaise Rgveda Adi meM bhI nAnA prasaMgoM meM AyA hai| una se lekara mahAvIra Adi tIrthakaroM ke caritra prAcIna jainAgamoM tathA digambara pugaNoM meM vidhivata Ate haiN| dhArmika, saiddhAntika, dArzanika daSTi se mAno unameM ekarUpatA tathA eka hI AtmA kI vyApti prakaTa karane ke liye mahAvIra ke pUrva janma kI paramparA RSabhadeva se jor3I gayI hai| RSabhadeva ke patra prathama cakravartI bharata ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| yaha bAta samasta vaidika prANoM meM bhI prAyaH ekamata se svIkAra kI gayI hai| inhIM bharata ke patra marIci bhI parvajanma se Aye the| jisa ne apane dAdA RSabhadeva ke caraNakamaloM meM muni dIkSA lI thii| parantu usase mani vratoM kA pAlana na ho skaa| vaha mAna pada se bhraSTa ho gayAtathApi usameM dhArmika bIja par3a cakA thA aura saMskAra bhI utpanna ho cuke the| ataeva deva aura manuSya Adi lokoM meM janma lekara bhramaNa karate hue antataH usa ne mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kA janma dhAraNa kiyaa| isa prakAra yaha sahaja hI dekhA jA sakatA hai ki isa aMtima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI adhyAtma paramparA Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se jur3I huI pratiSThita pAyI jAtI hai| kintu mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI tIrthakara paramparA TUTatI nhiiN| una ke eka gRhastha ziSya the| usa samaya ke magadha nareza zreNika biNbsaar| una meM bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA dharma kA bIja Aropita kiyA gyaa| yadyapi vaha apane pUrvaduSkRtya ke kAraNa narakagAmI huA tathApi usameM bhI marIci ke samAna dhArmika saMskAra prabalatA ke sAtha sthApita ho cakA thA jisake phalasvarUpa vaha agale janma meM eka naye tIrthakara paramparA meM Adi dharmapravartaka hoNge| yAni bhAvI caubIsa tIrthakaroM meM padmanAbha nAma ke prathama tIrthakara hoNge| isa prakAra samagra dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to jaina paramparA meM yambAta dRr3hatA se sthApita kI gaI hai ki jisa prakAra paramparA se mahAvIra aitihAsika rUpa se antima tIrthakara haiN| usI prakAra ve nae tIrthakara paramparA ke janmadAtA bhI haiN|

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* 24veM tIrthaMkara kA janmasthAna aura rAjakumAra kAla ataH yaha nirvivAda hai ki jainadharma kI saMskRti vedakAla pUrva kI hone se vizva meM prAcInatama Adarza saMskRti hai / " caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma aura rAjakumAra kAla tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jo caritra jaina sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha saMkSepa se isa prakAra hai jainAgamoM tathA vibhinna jainagraMthoM meM ullekha milatA hai ki I. pU. 599 varSa meM caitra zuklA trayodazI ko uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM (kSatriyakuMDagrAma) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kAzyapa gotrIya jJAtRvaMza ke kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha kI dharmapatnI rAnI trizalAdevI jo videha gaNataMtra kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ke vAziSTha gotrIya licchivIvaMza ke kSatriya mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahana thI usa kI kukSI se huA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma kathA meM kuMDagrAma ke do bhAga brAhmaNakuMDagrAma (mAhaNakuMDaggAma) aura kSatriyakuMDaggAma (khattIyakuDaMggAma) ke ullekha pAye jAte haiN| sarvaprathama bhagavAna brAhmaNakuMDagrAma nivAsI koDAlagotrIya brAhmaNa RSabhadatta kI bhAryA jAlandhara gotrIya devAnandA ke garbha meM avatIrNa hue pazcAt saudharmendra ke dUta dvArA brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyAnI rAnI trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAntarita kiye gaye haiN| kalpasUtra meM isakA vistRta varNana milatA hai| yaha prakRti kA niyama hai ki tIrthaMkara kSatriya rAjakula meM hI janma lete haiM yadi kisI pUrvajanma kRta azubha karma ke yoga se karmaphala ko bhogane ke lie tIrthaMkara kA jIva kisI anya jAti kI strI ke garbha meM utpanna bhI ho jAve to devatAoM ke rAjA saudharmendra kA kartavya hai ki vaha usa tIrthaMkara ke garbhagata bhrUNa ko kSatriyAnI rAnI ke garbha meM apane devadUta dvArA pratiSThApita karA deN| mahAvIra kA zaizava va rAjakumAra kAla usI prakAra lAlana-pAlana evaM zikSA se vyatIta huA jaisA usa kAla meM rAjabhavanoM meM pracalita thaa| unakI bAla-krIr3A kA eka AkhyAna pAyA jAtA hai| ki unhoMne eka bhISaNa sarpa kA damana kiyA thA aura isI vIratA ke kAraNa deva ne unheM vIra kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra kA vivAha rAjakumAra vardhamAna jaba yuvA hue taba unake mAtA pitA ne zubha muhUrta meM

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mata LEMIIIHATITHI AAAAV S ite W UTUUUUUU wwwwwnnTAUNITERAYERY U UTI . ANAND 118111 MR.M.EInternet : R bhagavAna mahAvIra kAdIkSA kailAe zivikA- dAga prasthAna

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dIkSA aura tapa kauDiNya gotrIya kSatriya rAjA samaravAra aparanAma naravIra kI putrI yazodA se unakA vivAha kara diyaa| usase inakI eka putrI kA janma huA jisake do nAma the aNujjA aura priyadarzana | jisakA vivAha mahAvIra ke bhAneja jamAlI ke sAtha huA thaa| bAda meM ina donoM ne aneka kSatriyoM aura kSatriyAniyoM ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSAeM grahaNa kI thiiN| 7 8 dIkSA va tapasyA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA ke dehAvasAna ke do varSa bAda tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM mArgazIrSa kRSNA dazamI ke dina antima cauthe prahara meM pravRjyA (dIkSA) grahaNa kii| unakI pravRjyA kA svarUpa yaha thA / ve gRhastha tyAga kara kSatriyakuMDapura ke samIpavartI jJAtRkhaMDa udyAna meM cale gye| vahAM jAkara unhoMne apane samasta AbhUSaNa vastrAdi tyAga diye, apane hAthoM se apane kesoM ko ukhAr3a phaiNkaa| devendra kA diyA huA vastra apane bAMye kaMdhe para DAla diyaa| usa dina chaTha (do upavAsa) tapa ke sAtha yahAM se kumAragrAma jAkara Apa sArI rAta dhyAnArUr3ha rahe / devendra kA diyA huA devadUSya vastra bhI teraha mAsa ke bAda gira gyaa| phira ve sadA nagna rahe / pazcAt deza-dezAntaro meM bhramaNa karane lge| ve nivAsa to vana upavanoM meM karate the aura dhyAna aura tapasyA meM lIna rahate the / 'apanI tapasyA ke pAraNe (vrata kholane) ke dina Apa grAma athavA nagara meM praveza karake bhikSA se AhAra hAthoM meM lekara karate the| vaha bhI dina meM mAtra eka bAra hI lete the| ve dhyAna meM Atmacintana tathA samatA bhAva kI sAdhanA padmAsana athavA khar3agAsana meM khar3e hue nAsAgra dRSTi rakhakara karate the / 1. leSamAtra bhI hiMsA na krnaa| 2. tRNa mAtra bhI parAyI vastu kA apaharaNa nahIM krnaa| 3. leSamAtra bhI asatya nahIM bolanA / 4. maithuna kI kAmanA ko leSamAtra bhI sthAna nahIM denA / 5. kisI bhI prakAra kI cala-acala sampatti rUpa parigraha nahIM rkhnaa| rAtri bhojana kadApi nahIM karanA / yahI unake mahAvrata the| ina niSedhAtmaka yamoM yA vratoM ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika aura mAnasika pIr3AoM (upasargoM) ko samatA zAnti aura dhairya pUrvaka sahana karate the / gRha-hIna, nirAzraya, vastrahIna, dhanadhAnya hIna tyAgI kelie prAkRtika utpanna hone vAlI jaise bhUkha, pyAsa, zIta, USNa, DAMsa, macchara Adi kI bAdhAeM jo pariSahaH kahI jAtI haiM unheM samatA bhAva se sahana krnaa| isa prakAra dhyAna, AtmaciMtana, samatA aura tapasyA karate hue unhoMne bAraha varSa chaH mahIne pandraha dina apanI pravRjyA kA samaya vyatIta kiyaa| itane samaya meM unhoMne mAtra tIna sau

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RUA AASAN HUAGita - marlim DONOVOSmey baiRIDROUNCONKANIANS GGER DEFI .. - - Tuuuuuuuuuuupyorryunyopyaa ggggggggggg Wawskifer Nitimmy DR COM vItarAga sarvajJa tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra cAra- mUla-ATha pratihArya 112 guNoM) sahita

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10 kevalajJAna uncAsa dinoM meM pratidina mAtra eka bAra nagara se athavA grAma se lekara AhAra kiyaa| zeSa gyAraha varSa sAta mAsa aura eka dina nirjala nirAhAra tapasyA meM vyatIta kie| isa tapa meM kabhI kabhI lagAtAra cha: chaH mAsa taka bhI nirAhAra vyatIta kiyaa| kevalajJAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dIkSA ko terahavAM varSa cala rahA thA isa varSa meM vaizAkha sadI dasamI ko dina ke pichale pahara meM RjakalA nadI ke taTa para jambhaka grAma ke bAhara zyAmaka nAmaka kauTumbika ke kheta meM sAla vRkSa ke nIce (utkaMTa) Asana meM baiThe hae dhyAnAstha-mudrA meM unheM kevala-jJAna kevala-darzana paidA haa| isa kevala-jJAna kA svarUpa yadi hama saralatA se samajhane kA prayatna kreN| to yaha thA ki jIvana aura saSTi ke sambandha meM jo samasyAeM hai aura jo prazna jijJAsa cintaka ke hRdaya meM uThA karate haiN| unakA unheM santoSa kAraka rIti se samAdhAna mila gyaa| samAdhAna yaha thA ki cha: dravya aura nau tatva (jIva ke bandhana aura mukti ke upAya) hai| jinake dvArA trailokya kI samasta vastuoM kA svarUpa samajhane meM A jAtA hai| ve cha: dravya yaha haiM jIva, pudgala, dharma-adharma, AkAza aura kaal| nava tatva isa prakAra haiM- jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa inake sAtha puNya-pApa milAne se navatatva ho jAte haiN| jIvana kA mUlAdhAra jIva hai yaha AtmA dravya hai jo jar3a padArthoM se bhinna hai| jIva Atma-saMvedana tathA parapadAratha bodharUpa lakSaNoM se yukta hai eva amUrta aura zAzvata hai| parantu vaha jar3a dravyoM se saMgaThita zarIra meM vyApta hokara nAnA rUpa rUpAntaroM meM gamana karatA hai| jitane mUrta rUpa grAhya padArtha paramANu se lekara mahAskandha hameM dikhAI dete (indriya janya) haiM ve saba ajIva udgala ke rUpa rUpAntara haiN| dharma aura adharma aise sUkSma adRzya amUrta dravya haiM jo lokAkAza meM vyApta haiM jo jIva aura padgala padArthoM ko gamana athavA sthira hone meM hetubhUta mAdhyama haiN| AkAza vaha dravya hai jo anya saba dravyoM ko sthAna va avakAza detA hai| kAla dravya vastuoM ko rahane, paravartita hone tathA pUrva aura pazcAt kI buddhi utpanna karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha to sRSTi ke dravyoM kI vyAkhyA huii| kintu jIva kI sukha-dukhAtmaka sAMsArika avasthAoM ko samajhane aura usake granthI ko sulajhAkara Atmatatva ke zuddha buddha mukta svarUpa ke vikAsa hetu anya sAta athavA nau tatvoM ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai jIva aura ajIva to sRSTi ke mala tatva haiM hii| unakA paraspara

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kSatriyakaMDa samparka honA yahI mAsava hai| usa samparka yA Asava se aise sambandha kA utpanna honA jise AtmA kA zuddha svarUpa Dhaka jAve aura usake jJAna-darzana-caritrAtmaka guNa kaThita ho jAveM use bandha yA karmabandha kahate haiM karma bandha se jo jIva ko sakha dukha kA anubhava hotA hai vaha zabha azabha karma bandha ke kAraNa se hotA hai| jinheM puNya-pApa kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| ye donoM bandha tatva meM hI A jAte haiN| jina saMyama rUpa kriyAoM va sAdhanAoM dvArA isa jIva va ajIva ke samparka ko rokA jAtA hai use saMvara kahate haiN| jina vratoM aura tapa dvArA saMcita karma bandha ko jarita kiyA jAtA hai aura vinaSTa kiyA jAtA hai use nirjarA kahate haiN| jaba ye karma nirjarA kI prakriyA pUrNa rUpa se sampanna ho jAtI hai taba vaha jIva apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| taba vaha makta ho jAtA hai use nirvANa mila jAtA hai| yaha mokSa tatva kA kArya hai| isa prakAra hama dekha sakate haiM ki ukta jIva aura ajIva kI pUrNa vyAkhyA meM saSTi kA padArtha vijJAna yA bhautika zAstra A jAtA hai| Asava vandhatatva meM manovijJAna kA vizleSaNa A jAtA hai| saMvara aura nirjarA tatvoM ke vyAkhyAna meM samasta nIti va AcAra kA samAveza A jAtA hai| mokSa ke svarUpa meM jIva ke uccatama Adarza dhyeya aura vikAsa kA pratipAdana ho jAtA hai| kevala jJAna meM isI bodha-sabodha kA pUrNataH vyApaka aura sUkSmatama svarUpa samAviSTa hai dharmopadeza-dharmatIrtha sthApanA aura Agama racanA kevalajJAna prApta kara bhagavAna mahAvIra magadha janapada kI pAvAparI meM jAkara devoM dvArA nirmita samavazaraNa (vyAkhyAna maNDala) meM virAjamAna hae dharmapravacana sunane ke icchaka rAjA prajA gaNa deva deviyAM AdiM vahAM A kara ekatrita hue| aura bhagavAna ne unheM pUrvokta tatvoM kA svarUpa samajhAyA tathA jIvana ke sukhamaya Adarza prApta karane hetu gRhasthoM ko aNuvrata Adi bAraha vratoM, tyAgiyoM ke lie pAMca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA jinakA pahale varNana kiyA hai| isa samavazaraNa meM kramazaH eka-eka karake gyAraha brAhmaNa jo veda-vedAMgAdi caudaha vidyAoM ke diggaja vidvAna the apane cavAlIsa sau ziSyoM ke sAtha apanI-apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa A upasthita hae unake nAma 1. gautama gotrIya indra bhati 2. agniti 3. vAyabhUti (tInoM sage bhAI) 4. vyakta, 5. sudharmA 6. maMDita 7. mauryaputra 8. aMkapita 9. acalabhAtA 10. metArya tathA 11. prbhaas| pratyeka ko kramazaH eka-eka zaMkA thii| 1.jIva kI 2. karma kI 3. vahI jIva vahI zarIra 4. pAMca bhata 5. jo isa

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-- 12 dharmopadeza - tIrtha Agama racanA janma meM puruSa haiM vaha agale janma meM bhI puruSa hotA hai / 6. arupI AtmA ko rUpI karma kA bandha kaise 7. devatA hai yA nahIM / 8. naraka hai yA nahIM? 9. puNya-pApa hai yA nahIM ? 10. paraloka ke viSaya meM 11. mokSa ke viSaya meM zaMkAeM thiiN| ye 11 paMDita aura inake 4400 ziSya vaidika karmakANDI dharmAnuyAyI the / isaliye bhagavAna ne inakI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhI una ke mAnya vedoM ke mAdhyama se hI kiyaa| zaMkAoM kI yukti purassara samAdhAna pA kara ina 11 vidvAnoM ne apane samasta 4400 vidvAna ziSyoM ke sAtha apane Apa ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM samarpita kara diyA aura prabhu ne bhI ina saba ko muni dIkSAeM de kara apane ziSya bnaaye| una 11 mukhya ziSyoM ko gaNadhara pada se vibhUSita kiyaa| isI avasara para mahilAoM meM candanabAlA Adi anekoM mahilAoM ko pAca mahAvratoM se vibhUSita kara sAdhvI- saMgha kI sthApanA kii| anekoM strI-puruSoM ne aNuvrata Adi bAraha vratoM ko svIkAra kara zrAvikA zrAvaka (gRhastha ) dharma ko svIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kara jaMgama - dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA kI, aura dvAdazAMgamayI AgamoM kI dezanA se isa sthAvara tIrtha kA pracalana kiyA aura tIrthaMkara bne| kyoMki ( tIrthaMkaroti iti tIrthaMkara' : iti vacanAt ) / mahAvIra bhagavAna ne ardhamAgadhI jo usa samaya magadha janapada tathA isake nikaTavartI pradeza kI lokabhASA thI usame artha se upadeza diyA tAki sarvasAdhAraNa pravacanoM ko samajhakara dharmamArga ko saralatA se svIkAra kara skeN| bhagavAna ke pravacanoM ko gaNadharoM ne samavasaraNa meM sAkSAt zravaNa kara unakI sUtroM meM ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM hI racanA kii| jo gaNipiTaka (dvAdazAMga) ke nAma se adyapi prakhyAta hai| bhagavAna kI isa dvAdazAMga vANI ko bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai| tIrtha zabda kI vyutpati 'tIryate iti tIrthaH' arthAt jo isa sasAra meM bhava- bhramaNa rUpI sAgara se AtmA ko tAre vahI saccA tIrtha hai| ataH bhagavAna kA pravacana rUpI Agama (Apta vacanAt AvirbhUtaM AgamaH) bhagavAna kA dharma pravacana bhavyAtmAoM ko saMsAra se tirAne vAlA hai aura jo prANI use zraddhA se svIkAra kara AcaraNa meM lAyegA vaha nizcaya hI sarvakarmoM ko kSaya kara zAzvata sukhadAtA mokSa-nirvANa prApta karegA / isaliye - 1. cutavidhi - sAdhu-sAdhvI zrAvaka-zrAvikA rUpa dharma-saMgha aura bhagavAna ke pravacana saMkalana rUpa AgamoM ko tIrtha kI saMjJA dI gaI hai | tIrthaMkara jaba samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna hote haiM taba isa tIrtha ko "namo titthasa" (tIrtha ko namaskAra ho) kahakara dharma dezanA ke lie siMhAsana para virAjamAna hote haiN|

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kSatriyakuMDa 13 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI para Azrita sAhitya gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita (dvAdazAMgI) bAraha aMgoM ke nAma- 1. acArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti ( bhagavatI), 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga, 7. upAsakadasA, 8. antakRtadasA, 9. aNuttaropapAtaka, 10. praznavyAkaraNa, 11. vipAkasUtra 12. dRssttivaad| yaha saba sAhitya aMgapraviSTa kahalAtA hai aura gaNipiTaka ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| inameM se 12veM aMga dRSTivAda kA viccheda ( naSTa) ho gayA hai| isake 14 vibhAga the jo pUrva ke nAma se kahe jAte the / caudaha pUrvadharoM (saMpUrNa sArtha dvAdazAMgI) ke jJAtA zrutakevalayoM, dasapUrvadharoM (cArapUrva kama dvAdazAga bANI ke sArtha muniyoM ne jina zAstroM kI racanAeM kI haiM, ve aMgabAhu Agama kahalAte haiN| ina aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya AgamoM kI saMkhyA zrI nandI - sUtra Agama meM 84 kahI hai| una meM se vartamAna meM 45 Agama vidyamAna haiN| jo zvetAMbara jaina (mUrtipUjaka) paramparA ke pAsa Aja bhI surakSita haiN| ina para gItArtha jainAcaryoM ne vRtti, cUrNi niyukti, bhASya, TIkAoM kI racanAeM prAkRta saMskRta bhASAoM meM vistAra se likhI haiN| jo paMcAgI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| vidyamAna surakSita Agama sAhitya ko vIrAna 980 meM usa samaya ke vidyamAna samasta jaina munirAjoM ne vallabhInagara (saurASTra) meM ekatrita hokara jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se lekara Aja taka guru paramparA se pravAha rUpa una ke kaMThastha AgamavAcanA calI A rahI thI. sarva sammati se tAr3apatroM para lipibaddha kara liyA gyaa| digambara saMpradAya ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki Agama kI vyAkhyA sanizcita hai- 'jo kevalI yA zruta- kaMvalI ne kahA ho yA abhinna damapavI (11 aMgoM tathA 12 veM aMga ke dasa pUrvo ke artha sahita jJAna) ne kahA ho, vaha Agama hai| ' tathA unakA anusaraNa karane vAlA anya jitanA bhI kathana hai vaha bhI Agama hai| isa saMpradAya kI mAnyatA hai ki sava aga- sAhitya kramazaH apane mUla rUpa meM vilapta ho gayA hai| isalie mahAvIra ke bAda sAtavI AThavIM zatAbdI me aisI sthiti utpanna ho gaI ki kevala kucha muniyoM ko una AgamoM (AcArAMga Adi) kA mAtra Azika jJAna raha gayA jinake AdhAra se samasta (digambara) jaina zAstroM, parANoM kI svataMtra rUpa se nayI zailI se vibhinna dezakAlAnusAra pracalita prAkRta (saMskRta) Adi bhASAoM meM racanA kI gayI / " zvetAMbara jaina anuzruti ke anusAra zruta- kevalI caturdaza vaMdhara AcArya zrI bhadrabAhu svAmI ke bAda (lagabhaga 307 IsA pUrva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lagabhaga

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14 mahAvIra ke middhAMta garimA 200 varSa bAda) AcArya sthalabhadra (jo 11 aMgoM aura 12 veM aMga ke 10 pauM ke sArtha tathA zeSa 12 veM aMga ke 4 parvo ke mala matroM ke jJAtA ) ne 12 varSIya daSkAla ke bAda magadha kI tatkAlIna rAjadhAnI pATalIpatra (paTanA) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dharma satroM ko vyavasthita rUpa dene ke liye jaina maniyoM kI eka vRhata-sabhA kA Ayojana kiyaa| jisameM jaina-matroM kA vAcana kiyA gyaa| jaina Agama sUtroM kI yaha prathama vAcanA pArTIlapatra vAcanA ke nAma se pramiddha hai| libhadra ke uttaIdhakArI AcArya mahAAira tathA AcArya mahamtina haae| AcArya mahAstina mauryasamrATa caMdragapta ke pautra samrATa mamprati ke dhamaMgama the| jaina satroM kI damarI vAcanA Aya kaMdila kI adhyakSatA meM (30 me 313 I.) mathaga meM hii| jisa meM usa samaya ke jaina zramaNoM meM jo maMgraha kiyA gayA ume AgamoM ke rUpa meM malita kara liyA gyaa| yaha mAtharI vAcanA khlaayii| usI samaya isI prakAra kA eka aura prayAsa AcArya nAgAjana kI adhyakSatA meM vallabhI (saurASTra) meM bhI haa| cauthI vAcanA pAcavIM zatAbdI ke uttagar3ha (651 ma 466 I.) meM parva kI vAcanAoM ko devaddhi gaNa kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM phira vallabhI (maugaSTra) me hyii| vibhinna pATAnage kA samAdhAna karake matrAgamA ko lipivaddha kara liyA gyaa| yaha vallabhI vAcanA kahalAtI hai| jo Aja taka zvetAmbara jaino ke pAma margakSata hai| ina upayaMkta AgamA ke viSaya meM digambara prakAra vidvAna mva. DA. hIgalAla jaina M.A D. jo vazAlI prAkRta vizvavidyAlaya ke mavaM prathama kalapati the| jinhone digambara dhavalA Adi aneka graMtho kA vidvatApavaMka mapAdana kiyA hai tathA anaMka grathA kI zAMdha-khoja pavaka racanA bhI kI hai| unhoMne mvIkAra kiyA hai ki-vIra nivAMga kI dasavIM zatAbdI ma maniyoM kI eka mahAmabhA gajagata prAMtIya vallabhI (vartamAna valA) nAma kI mahAnagarga meM kI gaI aura yahA kSamAzramaNa devaddhiMrgANa kI adhyakSatA meM jainAgamA kA sakalana kiyA gyaa| jA ava bhI upalabdha hai ... ve prAcIna zailI ko vodhakagana ke liye payAta hai| una kA prAcInatama bauddha mAhitya meM bhI mela khAtA hai| jisa prakAra bauddha sAhitya tripiTaka kahalAtA hai vaise hI yaha jaina mAhitya gaNipiTaka ke nAma meM illikhita pAyA jAtA hai| yaha mamamta mAhitya apanI bhASA zailI tathA dAnika va aitihAmika sAmagrI ke liye pAlI mAhitya ke mamAna hI mahatvapaNaM hai|||

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kSatriyakaMDa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAramArthika siddhAntoM kI garimA siddhArtha mahIpati ke kumAra svanAmadhanya sarvasatvakSemaMkara zrI vardhamAna-mahAvIra jo vAstava meM hI prANImAtra ke liye vaMdanIya, pajanIya aura paramopakArI mahApuruSa the| unake vizva zAMtimaya sAmrAjya ko akSuNNa dhArAvAhI banAne vAle paramArthI siddhAMtoM ko AcaraNa meM lAnA koI sAdhAraNa bAta nahIM hai| isalie svArthaparAyana prajA una ke siddhAntoM ko paripUrNa pAlana karane meM jaise-jaise zithila banatI gayI vaise-vaise una mahAna siddhAntopAsakoM kI saMkhyA karor3oM se kama hotI huI lAkhoM meM raha gyiiN| jo bahamatI thI vaha alpamatI ke rUpa meM eka maMpradAya ke nAma se saMbodhita hone lgii| para asala meM dekhA jAya to unake siddhAMta sAMpradAyika nahIM the| parantu sabake zreya ke liye sArvabhaumika the| bhale hI loga unheM eka dhArmika saMpradAya ke pravartaka mAneM parantu itihAsa aura vijJAna to Aja bhI vizvakalyANa kAraka vizvagaru ke sthAna para adhiSThita rakhate haiN| kyoMki cAhe Aja yA kala jaba kabhI bhI saMsAra sakha-zAMti ke samIpa pahaMcanA cAhegA taba use unhIM ke pavitra siddhAntoM ko hRdaya se svIkAra karanA pddegaa| jitane bhI damare prayatna haiM ve sAre niSphala aura nirarthaka bneNge| bhale hI unameM kimpayAka vRkSa ke viSa phala samAna Nika zAti kA anabhava hotA ho kinta vaha kevala maga-tRSNA hai aura biccha ko dvAra bAhara karane ke prayAsa meM marpa ko praveza karAnA hai| __ Aja ke Anika jagata ke mahAna vicAraka mahAtmA gAMdhI, DA. Tegora aura banArDazA Adi ko bhI isI nirNaya para AnA par3A hai aura kahanA paDA hai ki mattA kA nAza sattA se ho jAtA hai aimA nahIM hai| arthAta sattA se zAMti nahIM miltii| mamatA kA artha hai vAsanAoM se virakta honA-kaSAyoM me virakta honA aura viSayo meM vimakha honaa| imI samatA ko mahAvIra ne apanI bhASA meM mAmAyika kahA hai tathA udaghoSaNa parvaka unhoMne batalAyA hai ki sAmAyika se hI mavaM sakha-zAti zAzvata rUpa se nirmita ho sakatI hai| Aja ke rASTra sUtradhAroM ko bhI dhyAna me rakhanA hai ki little the want happier you are yAnI jitane-jitane pramANa me tRSNA kama utane- utane pramANa meM vizeSa mukha hai| paranta prabha kA "saMjoga mUla jIvena pattA dakkha prmpraa|" yaha saMdeza to vizva meM una dinoM bhI pahaca gayA thA ki "je je nirupAdhipaNa te te aMze dharma" isalie "mUrkha parigraha":- Attachment me makha nahIM hai| paranta Durachment in attachment yAni anAsakti meM Asakti mAnane meM Ananda hai aura yogyatA kI adhikAra bhami para usI sAmAyika ke do vibhAga kiye gaye hai| eka hai mavaM-virgata arthAt sampUrNa-dasaga hai devargata arthAta myaadit| mavaM-viti kA artha hai ki

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16 mahAvIra ke siddhAMta, garimA mana-vacana aura kAyA me kisI bhI prANI ke adhikAroM para trApana maagnaa| kimI ko ahitakara vacana na bolnaa| binA AjJA ke kisI kI tRNa jaisI vastu ko bhIna lenaa| naiSThika brahmacarya ke bala se sava indriyoM kA damana krnaa| kisI vasta para mUcrchA na rakhanA tathA saMgraha na krnaa| deza-virAMta meM uparyukta kA sarvathA pAlana karane kA sAmarthya na hone se udAsIna bhAvaparvaka jitane pramANa meM ho sake utane pramANa meM nirantara pAlana karane kI ceSTA krnaa| prathama marva-vargata mAmAyika ke pAlane vAle zramaNa, aNagAra, ti, nigraMtha mani athavA mAdha kahalAte haiM aura maryAdita dezavirati pAlane vAle zramaNopAmaka, zrAddha, thAvaMka aura gahamtha kahalAte haiN| donoM meM AcAra-bheda hote hA bhI vicAra bheda kadApi nahIM hai| donoM ke mAdhya kI parAkASThA ahiMsA, matya, asteya,brahmacarya aura nipparigraha meM hai| unheM hI kramazaH mahAvana aNavrata kahate haiN| isa vizvavirbhAta ne jisa mahAna pavitra siddhAMta kA upadeza diyA thA usakA AcaraNa unake gema gema meM thA- parNarUpa se AtmaramaNatA thii| jo kaSTa bhI va jagata ke prANiyoM ko AcaraNa ke liya kahane the usakA ve svayaM bhI pAlana karane the| hama itihAsa aura nanvajJAna ke taTastha eva mamakSa vidyArthI hone ke nAtaM marvaprathama tatkAlIna bhArata kI aitihAsika pargisthati para avalokana karate hai to DA. ramezacandradatta jaise mahAna nihAmana kI vicAradhAga apane mAmana rakhate hai| ve kahate haiM ki iMmA parva chaThI zatAbdI meM AyaMvataM kA yaha hAla thA ki dharma kI yathArtha bhAvanA nATa ho cakI thii| varNAzrama dharma kI vyavasthA mkhalanA pA cakI thI aura mAnava mamAra meM manyatA kI pradhAnatA nATa ho cakI thii| usa sthAna ko mvArtha ne le liyA thaa| jisa ke vaza ho kara sabhya aura zikSita jAti bhI amAnapika katavyoM ke karane keliye kaTibaddha ho gaI thii| prajA ko dhamAdhanA ma phaMmAne ke liye unake medhA aura prajA para pravala atyAcAra kiyA jAnA thaa| maSTi ke ahimAnmaka akATya niyamA kA ulaghana karane meM bhI nibhaMyanA ko sthAna diyA jAtA thA aura mahAmadrANI mpa cAra agala pramANa jihvA kI lAlapanA kI pati meM sakhyAvaddha nigapagadhI aura jagata ke mahAna upayogI upakArI prANiyoM ke rakta ke svApara khanI khajage dvAga bhare jAne the| dharma ke siddhAMtoM ko tor3a-mageDa kara aise andhavizvAsa ke "niyogprynyogaanhmnervcH|" jaise matra nidhAra kiye jAte the| aise kaTokaTI ke mamaya meM eka vizvopakAraka virbhAta kI pratIkSA bar3I AtaratA meM ho rahI thii| bhArata kA bhAgya var3A pravala thA ki anupama mahAvirbhAta pragaTa ho hI gii| ikSvAka jaise vaibhava, aizvayaM aura mauddha saMpanna jJAtR kala ke gajakamAra hone hAra bhI usa Rddhi, middhi aura sampatti ko taNa mamAna ginate hA

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triyakaMDa tilAMjalI dekara makala saMsAra ke zreya hetu prathama sAmAyika ke pAMca mahAvratoM bhISaNa pratijJA kI tyAga-bhUmi para kSamA khar3aga lekara khar3e ho gye| bhArata ke mahAna dhArAzAstrI mara allAr3I kRSNA svAmI ayyara kI eka tArkika dalIla yAda AtI hai- unhoMne kahA thA ki "maiM dhArAzAstrI hone se dhArmika tatvajJAna meM vizeSa adhyayana kA lAbha nahIM uThA sakA,kintu Logically (tArkika) DhaMga me kahanA par3atA hai ki mRga aura gAya Adi prANI jo tRNa bhakSaNa se apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM, ve yadi mAma bhakSaNa se vimakha baneM to usa meM vizeSatA hI kyA? tatva to vahAM hai ki siMha kA baccA mAMsa bhakSaNa kA virodha kre| unake kahane kA Azaya yaha thA ki dhana, kAMcana, Rddhi,siddhi aura aizvarya ke jhale meM jhalatA haA aura khanI saMskRti ke bhare hae kSatriya kala ke vAtAvaraNa meM camakatI haI talavAra ke teja meM tallIna vAlaka kala paramparA kI kaladevI ke mamAna khanI khaMjara ke viruddha mahAna AMdolana karane ke liye sArI rAjasIya Rddhi, middhi evaM sampatti ko miTTI ke samAna mAna kara aura bhoga ko roga talya samajhakara tyAga karatA haA yoga kI bhamikA meM khanI vAtAvaraNa ko zAMtimaya banAne ke liye vanakhaMDa aura parvatoM kI kadrAoM meM nispRha vana kara sArA jIvana vyatIta kre| mAtra dino taka hI nahIM kintu mahInoM aura varSoM taka bhUpati bhRkhapati bana kara bhaTakatA phire| mAr3he bAraha varSa kI ghora saMyama yAtrA meM aMgaliyoM para gine jAne vAle nAma mAtra dinoM meM rUkhe sUkhe Takar3o se pAraNe kare aura sArA kAla ahiMmA ke Adarza siddhAntoM ko pAlana karane meM nimagna rhe| una kI yaha ghora tapasyA maMyama Adi amalya jIvana yAtrA ke parade meM bar3A bhArI rahasya thA jisameM mAtra mAnava samAja kA hI nahIM apitu prANimAtra ke zreya kA lakSya thaa|" ina kA yaha tArkika anumAna var3A hI sundara pratIta hotA hai| dayA ke paramparAgata saMskAroM vAle kala meM janma lene vAlA vyakti dayA kA pAlana aura usa kI paSTi ke liye vAteM kare to svAbhAvika hai tathA bhoga sAmagrI ke abhAva meM vairAgya ke vAtAvaraNa kA amara anekoM para saMbhava hai| kintu rAjakala kI Rddhi aura aizvarya ke sAgara meM me vAhara kUda kara tyAgama meM Ane vAle to koI Alokika vyakti hI najara Ate haiN| jo unhoMne upasarga aura pariSaha sahana kiye una kI kathanI karate hue yaha kAyara hRdaya kAMpatA hai| dhanya hai usa mahAvIra ko jisa ke hRdaya meM mitroM ke zreya se bhI zatruoM ke sneha kA sthAna prathama thaa| usa mahAbhAga kI kyA bAta kreN| gauzAlika ke, caMDakauSika ke, mvAle ke, zalapANi ke, tathA saMgama Adi ke

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mahAvIra ke siddhAta garimA banake ghorAtighora upasagoM meM meru kI taraha dhIra aura sAgara kI taraha gabhIra banakara aTaviyoM meM, parvatoM kI kandarAoM meM garajate hue siMha, cIte, bhAla Adi bhayaMkara prANiyoM ke bIca meM, varSA Rtu kA ghanaghora ghaTAcchAdita amAvasyA kI aMdherI rAtri meM camakatI huI bijalI ke udyotaM meM phAM-pha~ karate hue viSadhara, maNidhara ke bIca meM aura mRtaka zmazAna bhUmi para jalate hue kalevaroM ko bhakSaNa karate hae bhata-pretayoni ke yakSoM aura rAkSasoM ke bIca meM jJAna-dhyAna kI askhalita dhArA meM ArUr3ha hokara pavitra bhAvanAoM dvArA bhavaTavI meM bhayaMkara tApa se pIr3ita prANiyoM ko apanI prazAMta mudrA kA jo prazma rasa rUpI sudhArasa pilA kara zAMti pahuMcA rahA thaa| usa mahAna avadhUta yogI ke caraNAravindra meM zirasA vandana ke sivAya aura kyA khuuN| AcArya zrI hemacandra usa kAruNya hRdaya kA citra-citraNa karate hue kahate haiM kRtAparAdhespi jane kapAmaMthara taaryoH| ISada vASpApota, zrI viirjinnetryoH||1|| chaha mahInoM taka ghorAtighora prANAnta kaSTa dene vAle saMgama nAmaka dAnava ke zreya kI karuNA se azrudhArA bahAne vAle he yogI! tere dayA rUpa mahAsAgara kA mApa kaise darzAUM, terI akala-kalA ke sAmane merI kAvya kalA kyA kAma A sakatI hai? kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki jitanA bhI isa mahApuruSa ke jIvana para kaheM kama hai| zAstra meM kahA hai ki Apa eka kSamA meM hI vIra nahIM the- kintu dAnavIra, dayAvIra, zIlavIra, tyAgavIra, tapavIra, dhIravIra, karmavIra, jAnavIra, aura caritravIra Adi sarvagaNoM meM ziromaNi hone se unakA vardhamAna nAma gauna hokara mahAvIra ke nAma se prakhyAta huA- yAni janma nAma vardhamAna thA, paranta vIratA ke kSetra meM atalanIya, advitIya tathA anupama hone se gaNAzrita nAma mahAvIra pdd'aa| jaba ve apanI AtmA ko zuddha karake IzvarIya mahAzaktiyoM kA AvirbhAva karake kaivalya pada para ArUr3ha hue taba pahale-pahala varNAzrama vyavasthA kelie arthAta kSatriya, brAhmaNa, vaizya aura zUdroM ko apane-apane kartavyoM kA bhAna karAne ke liye samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna hokara apanA satya dharma saMdeza prakaTa kiyA thaa| usa samaya mAnava samAja kI bAgaDora brAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM thI, isalie zrI mahAvIra prabhu ne sarvaprathama apane tapa, teja aura jJAna ke prabhAva se brAhmaNa varga ke mahArathI indrabhUti, sudharmA Adi 4411 brAhmaNoM kA hRdaya palaTA kiyA, paz balidAna kI manovRti ko nivRtta karake svaindriyadamana tathA vizva ke prANImAtra se maitrI, kAruNya Adi bhAvanA kA gurumaMtra par3hA kara

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kSatriyakuMDa 19 anAsakti rUpa muni dIkSA dharma meM adhiSThita kiyaa| una ke (Fandament teacings) isa amUlya upadeza kA maulika rahasya isa prakAra thA savve pANA - piyA u A dukkha parikUlA ampiya vahA / piya jIvIno jIvIu kAma savvesiM jIviyaM piyaM "jAtivAjje kiNcaa|" (tamhA) sArAMza yaha hai ki- prANI mAtra ko prANa priya haiM, isalie kisI ko duHkha mata do - yAni kisI ke jIvana ke adhikAroM para pratyAghAta na kro| saba sukhapUrvaka jio aura saba ko jIne do| (Live and let live ) kyoMki vizva racanA kA naisargika vidhAna hI aisA hai ki bIjAnusAra hI phalotpatti hotI hai| Ama kI guThalI se Ama aura nIma ke bIja se nIma kI utpatti hotI hai| isI taraha duHkha se duHkha prApta hotA hai| ataH jahAM taka tuma dUsaroM ke liye jitane jitane aMza meM duHkha ke kAraNa bhUta hote ho utane utane aMza meM tumhe bhI duHkha bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke isa anupama upadeza ko eka pAzcimAtya tatvavettA ne ina sundara zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA hai ki- "jaba taka tR dUsaroM ko duHkha denA cAhatA hai taba taka du:kha mukta hone kI AzA meM sukha ke svapna dekhanA nirarthaka hai / " bhagavAna mahAvIra kA aTala AtmavizvAsa thA ki apane sukha aura duHkha kA kAraNa svayaM AtmA hI hai| vahI apanA zatru aura mitra hai| vahI apanA svarga-naraka hai| janma-maraNa kA hetu bhI svayaM hI hai / bandha mokSa kA kAraNa bhI svayaM hai| isaliye anya kisI ko doSa denA ajJAna hai| hiMsA, maithuna, parigraha Adi meM Asakta hone se AtmA kA mahApatana hotA hai aura ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa Adi se usa kA utthAna hai| yahI utkaSTha dharma hai| kahA bhI hai ki "dhammo maMgala mukkiTTha, ahiMsA saMjamo tavo / devA vi taM narmasaMti jassa dhammo samA mano / / " 1 / / ahiMsA, saMyama, tapa rUpa utakRSTa dharmArAdhana se AtmA davAdhideva nIrthakara bana sakatA hai| raMka se rAva bana sakatA hai tathA prANImAtra kA pUjanIya bana sakatA hai / isaliye kula jAti Adi ke abhimAna kA kisI bhI prANI ke prati glAni tathA ghRNA karanA anucita hai| pratyeka prANI ziSTa padArUDha ho sakatA hai, pratyeka saccaritra AtmA keliye dharma aura bhakti ke dvAra khule haiM, aMdha zraddhA se mukti nahIM hai| mukti hai tatva ciMtana aura parizIlana meN| hitAhita, satyAmanya, bhakSyAbhakSya, peyApeya, kRtyAkRtya aura dharmAdharma ityAdi saba kA viveka pUrvaka nirNaya karoM /

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mahAvIra ke siddhAMta garimA 20 nikarSa - cchedastApebhyaH suvarSamiva paNDitaiH parIkSya-mivo grAhyaM madvaco na tu gauravAt / / 1 / / arthAt jaise sone kI parIkSA karane keliye kasauTI, chedana aura tapana karanA bahuta jarUrI hai| vaise hI he bhikSuo ! tuma bhI mere vacana ko mAtra merI bhaktivaza nahIM apitu parIkSA karake mAno / pramANa, naya, nikSepa aura lakSaNa ye tatva parIkSA ke amUlya sAdhana haiN| inakA upayoga yathArtha rUpa se karane keliye mAnava mAtra ko prajJA aura medhA kA vikAsa karanA bahuta jarUrI hai| kyoMki mAnavamedhAvI aura prajJA-praur3ha hai| pazuoM kI bhAMti prajJAmRr3ha nahIM hai| tathA saba prANiyoM se mAnava ko vizeSa prakAra kI naisargika suvidhAeM prApta haiN| isa prajJA tathA medhA ke vikAsa dvAra ko kholakara yadi hita sAdhaka nahIM to pazu janma se manuSya janma kI koI vizeSa mahattA nahIM hai / " bAbA vAkyaM pramANaM" mAnane kI mRr3hatA meM mAnava janma kA koI vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai| vastu ko samyak prakAra se samajha kara hama saMsAra se ghorAtighora duHkhoM jaise janma-maraNa saMtApa, saMyoga-viyoga, Adhi-vyAdhi kA anta lAkara mukti ke zAzvata sukhoM ko prApta kara skeNge| mukti hI hamAre janma-janmAntaroM kI jIvana yAtrA kA aMtima vizrAma dhAma hai| kisI deza - rASTra aura jagata ko jIta kara vaza meM karane vAlA saccA vijetA nahIM hai| kintu jisane apanI AtmA ko jItA hai (Self conqueror) hai vahI saccA vijetA hai| " 'prabhu mahAvIra ne mukti ke sandeza ko z2ora-zora se prajA ko sunaayaa| jisa ke phalasvarUpa prajA ko jIvana kI bar3I hI jAgRti huI tathA dharma ko vAstavika mahattA kA digdarzana kraayaa| usI ke samarthana meM DA0 ravindranAtha Taigora ne sundara zabdoM meM kahA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne DiMDima nAda se udghoSaNA kI ki dharma anAdi nidhana hai, svataH siddha hai| vaha mAnava kalpaNA kA DhakosalA nahIM hai| indrIya damana aura saMyama ke yathArtha pAlana meM vAstavika mukti upalabdha ho sakatI hai / kevala bAhya ADambaroM se kabhI mukti siddha nahIM hotI / AtmA kA antarAvalokana aura antarazuddhi ke sarala hetu haiN| isa liye daihika bhrAMti meM mAnava kA mAnava ke prati ghRNA bhAva honA bhUla hai| isa amUlya upadezAmRta kA prabhAva Aryavarta kI prajA para itanA sundara par3A ki dhArmika vidhAna ke vyAsapITha para kSatriya adhiSThita ho gaye / tathA prajA una kI AjJA pAlana karane lgii| isa taraha se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA utkrAntivAda bar3A prazaMsanIya - AdaraNIya banA / isI prakAra una kA darzAyA huA ahiMsAvAda, karmavAda, tattvavAda, syAdvAda, aparigrahavAda, sRSTivAda, AtmavAda, paramANuvAda, vijJAnavAda ityAdi aneka 1

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kSatriyakaMDa viSaya itane gaMbhIra aura vizAla haiM ki jinakA yathArtha varNana karanA mere jaise alpajJa vyakti kI zakti se bAhara hai| vAstava meM ye saba viSaya vizva kelie bahuta vidhAna-rUpa aura kalyANakArI siddha hue haiN| isa ke samarthana meM aneka pramANa upalabdha haiN| tathApi yahAM para lokamAnya tilaka Adi jaise ekAdha dezanetA evaM aitihAsajJa ke pramANa denA ucita hogaa| unhoMne auraeMTala kAMphreMsa meM kahA thA ki "Aja brAhmaNoM kI saMskRti meM jo ahiMsAtmaka vRtti dRSTigata ho rahI hai vaha saba jainadharma ke prabhAva se hI hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa ahiMsAtmaka mahAna uddhAra kA jhaMDA na uThAyA hotA to Arya saMskRti naSTa ho jaatii|" DA. rAdhAvinoda pAla Ex Gudge International Tribunal for trying Japanese war criminals a apane abhiparAya meM kahA thA ki___ "vizva-zAMti saMsthApaka sabhA ke pratinidhiyoM kA hArdika svAgata karane kA adhikAra kevala jainoM ko hI hai| kyoMki ahiMsA hI vizvazAMti kA sAmrAjya sthApita kara sakatI hai aura usa anokhI ahiMsA kI bheMTa jagata ko jainadharma ke niryAmaka tIrthaMkaroM ne hI dI hai| isaliye vizva-zAMti kI AvAja pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke sivAya dUsarA kauna kara sakatA hai|" isaliye Arya saMskRti ke antima zvAsa lete samaya saMjIvanI-dAtA bhagavAna mahAvIra hI the| mAnava saMsAra ko mAnavatA kA pATha par3hAne vAle paramaguru mahAvIra hI the| balidAna kI jalatI jvAlAoM se naSTa hote hue upakArI aura upayogI pazuoM ke prANadAtA prabhu mahAvIra hI the| aneka prakAra ke mata-bhedoM meM utpanna hone vAle vigrahoM kA syAdvAda zailI se samAdhAna kara saba ko eka satra meM saMgaThita karane vAle sUtradhAra mahAmAnava mahAvIra hI the| pazudhana ko hAsase kapi hrAsa aura usase hone vAle annasaMkaTa aura rogabhaya se rakSaNa karane vAle mahAzramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra hI the| isa mAyA ke mRgajAla kI tRSNA meM tar3apate hue prANiyoM ko AtmajJAna kA amRtapAna karAne vAle mahAtatvajJa bhagavAna mahAvIra hI the| sRSTi ke nirmAtA kI kalpanA meM puruSArthahIna bana baiThI rahane vAlI prajA ko apane puruSArtha-bhare kartavya kAM bhAna karAne vAle mArgadarzaka mahAvIra hI the| aneka prakAra kI viDambanAoM se nirAdhAra bane hue AtmAoM keliye macce AdhAra stambha mahAvIra hI the| una gaNasAgara kA jitanA bhI varNana kiyA jAve utanA hI thor3A hai| unhoMne sarvasAdhAraNa janatA ko mAnava saMskRti vijJAna (Science of Human culture) ke vikAsa kI parAkASThA para pahuMcane ke liye makti

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22 mahAvIra ke siddhAMta garimA mahAtIrtha kA rAjamArga ( Royal Road) samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra (Right Faith, Right knowledge and Right Conduct ) rUpa apUrva sAdhana dvArA paddhatisara darzAyA isaliye ve tIrthaMkara kahalAye / saMsAra meM tIrthaMkara pada sarvotkRSTa, sarvopari aura sarvapUjya hone se usa kAla meM 1. bhautikavAdI ajita kezakambalI, 2. niyativAdI maMkhalIputra gozAlika, 3. akriyAvAdI pUrNakazyapa, 4. nitya-padArthavAdI prakudhakAtyAyana, 5. kSaNikavAdI gautama buddha, aura 6. saMzayavAdI saMjaya - belaTThIputta Adi bhinna bhinna dharmoM ke saMsthApaka aura saMcAlaka apane Apa ko tIrthaMkara kahalAne meM utsukatA pUrvaka pratispardhA kI daur3adhUpa meM vyasta the| arthAt usa samaya mata pratispardhA (Religious rivaey) kI daur3A-daur3a thii| jaise ki Aja (Power and Popllarity) sattA aura zlAghA ke liye maca rahI hai| parantu kahAvata hai ki (All glitters is not gold ) pIlA so sonA nhiiN| kahA bhI hai ki- "sAdhavo na hiM sarvatra caMdanaM na vane vane / " tAtparya yaha hai ki zruti, yukti aura anubhUti dvArA sujha aura vijJajana (People of culture and common sence) keliye sacca aura jhUTha kA nirNaya karanA koI kaThina viSaya nahIM thA aura vaise to prabhu mahAvIra ke parama pavitra pravacana kA AdhAra manaH kalpanA aura anumAna kI bhUmi para to thA hI nahIM / parantu una ke pravacanoM meM lokAloka ke mUlabhUta bravya-guNa- paryAya ke trikAlavartI bhAvoM kA digdarzana thaa| athavA Adhunika paribhASA meM kahA jAya to usameM virATa vizva yA akhila brahmANDa (whole cosmos ) kI vidhi vihita ghaTanAeM (Natural phemomena) unake dvArA hotI huI vyavasthA (organization) vidhi kA vidhAna aura niyama (Low and order) kA pratipAdana aura prakAzana thA aura mahAtattvabhUta padArthoM (substance order) kA pratipAdana aura prakAzana thaa| aura mahAna tatvabhUta padArthoM (Substance) ke svabhAva- - vibhAva kI citra-vicitra prakriyAmaya carAcara vizva ( Universe) kI akhaMDa niyamabaddha racanAtmaka vaijJAnika DhaMga (Scientific and systematic way) se viveda kuzala vyavasthA ho rahI hai| usa naisargika mahAsattA (The Government of Nature) ke mahAzAsana kA mUlAdhAra ( Fulerum) rUpa utpAda vyaya dhrauvya kA tAtvika vivecana thA / Adhunika mahAn vijJAnavettA (Advanced Scientists) melara - vhAITahaiDa aura kolDiMga Adi jitane pramANa meM vizva racanA sambandhI

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kSatriyakaDa adhikAdhika adhyayana karate gaye utaneM utane pramANa meM unakI mAtyatA bhI isa viSaya meM dRr3ha hotI gii| isa viSaya meM vizeSa na kaha kara sirpha DA.G.W. melara kA abhiprAya darzAtA hU~ "The therem is usually considered the flower of the Machanical world the hightest and most genral theorem of Natural Science to which the thought of many centuries has led." unake kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki isa vizva ke sakala padArtha "atpAda-vyaya-dhauvyAtmaka haiN| Aja to pazcimAtya vicArakoM kA bhI spaSTa kahanA hai ki "Science recognised no authority other than Nature vijJAna vidhi se vizeSa kisI ko pramANa nahIM maantaa| isa liye buddhivAda ke yuga meM prakRti se vizeSa vaijJAnika pramANa kyA btaaveN| jaina zAstroM meM to spaSTa ullekha hai ki anAdikAla se tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM ne akhila brahmANDa aura jJAna kA bIja 'utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya' isa tripadI rUpa hI prakAzita kiyA hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba sarvajJa (Omnicient) pada para pahaMce arthAt kevalajJAna prApta kara tIrthakara bane taba unake pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara ne prazna kiyA ki "bhaMte kiM tataM kiM tataM?" pratyuttara meM unhoMne kahA"utpannai kA vigamei vA dhuvei vaa|" isa tripadI dvArA hI apanI divya dhvani kA maMgalAcaraNa kiyA thaa| unhoMne apanI utpanna sUkSma dRSTi se isa vizva ke mvarUpa kA yathArtha avalokana kara uparyukta-sArvabhaumika satya jagata ke sAmane prakAzita kiyA thaa| isa meM kisI bhI prakAra se usameM mata-kadAgraha aura daMbha nahIM thaa| yaha unakI vItarAgatA kA lakSaNa thA aura tIrthakara hone kA prabala pramANa thaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaisA padArtha vijJAna kA svarUpa hai,vaisA hI pratipAdana kiyaa| vicAraka aura vaijJAnikavarga apanI maryAdita matyAnusAra saMkSepa arSa yaha operate for "Permanence underlying change)", qift Taraf sport svabhAva (Characteristic) meM kAyama (nityadhauvya) rahate hue bhI aneka avasthAoM (paryAyoM-atpAda,vyayoM meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai| vAstava meM to isa mahAvAkya kA yathArtha svarUpa mahAprabhu ke samAna sarvajJa pada para pahuMce tabhI samajhA jA sakatA hai| dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue "vatyusahAbodhammo" arthAt vastu kA svabhAva hI dharma hai| isa eka choTe se sUtra meM itanA gaMbhIra rahasya bhara diyA hai| ki sAdhAraNa vyakti isa kI gaMbhIratA ko samajhane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| una dhyAnavIra aura jJAnagaMbhIra mahAnatatvajJa prabhu ko hareka siddhAnta atigahana,

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24 mahAvIra ke siddhAMta garimA sAragarbhita hai / yahI kAraNa thA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ko janatA ne zraddhA pUrvaka apanA liyA thaa| sAmAnya prajA to kyA magadha nareza zroNaka, aMgadeza nareza ajAtazatru, vIttabhyapattana nareza udAyana, dazArNadeza nareza dazArNabhadra, videha gaNataMtra ke mahArAjA ceTaka, kozala tathA malla dezoM ke 18 zAsaka evaM aneka rAjA-mahArAjA - samrATa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI bne| kitane hI diggaja vidvAna indrabhUti Adi dIkSA grahaNa kara nigraMtha muni ziSya bane / pAyathogorasa (Pythogoras) I. pU. 532 jaise yunAnI tatvavetA ne bhI pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke siddhAntoM ko prabhu mahAvIra kI zailI se hI svIkAra kiyA thaa| unakA upadeza samudra pAra ke yUnAna, mizra, cIna, TarkI, taka bhI pahuMcA thA aura vahAM ke videzI yuvarAja ArdarakumAra ne bhI yahAM Akara dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| aneka rAjakumAroM, rAjakanyAoM, rAjarAniyoM, rAjAoM ne bhI muni dIkSAyeM grahaNa kiiN| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki prabhu mahAvIra kI saMskRti digAntavyApI banI / . unake tattvadarzana ke aneka gahana viSayoM meM paMcAstikAya, saptanaya, saptabhaMgI anekAMta, aSTakarma, navatatva, SaDadarzana Adi mukhya the| jinakA zAstroM meM ati sUkSmatA se varNana hai|" unheM samajhanA bar3e kuzAgra buddhiyoM ka kAma hai| aisA kahanA koI atizyokti nahIM hai ki una kA padArtha vijJAna paramANuvAda Adhunika vijJAna ke (Atomic and molecular theories) anuvAda kI mAnyatA se to kyA parantu DA. ainsTIna, eDIMgana spenara, DreTana aura nyUTana kI mAnyatAoM (Theories) ko bhI mAta karate haiN| yadi niSpakSa bhAratIya vidvAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tatvajJAna kI prazaMsA kareM to Azcarya hI kyA hai| kintu pAzcimAtya vidvAna DA. harmanayakobI, DA. harTala, DA. vIMTaranIja, DA. thomasa, DA. helmetha, DA. bonagrejanapa, DA. TeseTerI Adi ne bhI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| yathA 1. jarmana vidvAna DA. harTala likhatA hai jainoM kA mahAna saMskRta sAhitya yadi alaga kara diyA jAya to maiM nahIM kaha sakatA ki saMskRta sAhitya kI kyA dazA ho / jaise-jaise maiM isa sAhitya ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnatA jAtA hUM vaise-vaise merA Ananda bar3hatA jAtA hai| ise vizeSa rUpa se merI jAnane kI icchA baliyasI ho jAtI hai|

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25 kSatriyakuMDa 2. jarmana vidvAna DA. harmana yekobI kahatA hai anta meM mujhe apanA nizcaya vicAra prakaTa karane do| maiM kahUMgA ki jainadharma ke siddhAnta-mUla siddhAnta haiN| yaha dharma svataMtra, anya dharmoM se sarvathA bhinna hai| prAcIna bhAratavarSa ke tatvajJAna kA aura dhArmika jIvana kA abhyAsa karane keliye yaha bahuta upayogI aura uttama hai| Aja ke vizva ko yadi vAstavika sthAI zAMti prApta karane kI icchA hai to prabhu mahAvIra ke vizva kalyANakArI ina ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha Adi zikSAoM ke pracAra evaM pAlana karane kelie pratyeka vyakti ko kaTibaddha ho jAnA caahie| isa se Arthika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika evaM dhArmika Adi sakala samasyAeM zAMtipUrvaka hala hokara prajA zAMti-sukha kA sAMsa legii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa I. pU. 527 kArtika amAvasyA ko rAtri ke samaya magadha janapada meM rAjagRhI ke nikaTa madhya pAvAnagarI meM haa| usa rAtri ko devoM aura manuSyoM ne mila kara dIpAvalI ke rUpa meM utsava manAyA thaa| tadAnasAra Aja taka kArtika amAvasyA ko sarvatra bar3e utsAha se dIvAlI parva manAyA jAtA hai| kArtika kI dIvAlI ke dUsare dina kArtika zuklA pratipadA ke dina mahAvIra nirvANa saMvata kA prAraMbha hotA hai| usI dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukhya ziSya gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ko pAvAnagarI ke nikaTa guNAyA jI meM kevalajJAna kI prApti huI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM meM se 9 gaNadharoM kA nirvANa bhagavAna ke jIvanakAla meM hI rAjagRhI ke vibhAragiri (parvata) para ho gayA thaa| bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke bAda indrabhUti gautama aura sudharmA svAmI donoM gaNadhara vidyamAna the| bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke turanta bAda gautama ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ho gii| ataH bhagavAna ke caturvidha saMghakI vyavasthA pAMcaveM gaNadhara sudharmA usa samaya chadmastha the| isaliye unhoMne sNbhaalii| Aja bhI zvetAmbara jaina (mUrtipUjaka) saMgha paraMparA sadharmAsvAmI ke nigraMtha gaccha (gaNa) se saMbaMdhita calI A rahI hai| aura mAnI bhI jAtI hai| pazcAt gautamasvAmI tathA sudharmAsvAmI ne (kevalI ho kara) kramazaH rAjagaha hI vibhAragiri para hI nirvANa prApta kiyaa| sadharmAsvAmI ke bAda unake ziSya paTTadhara jambasvAmI hue| bhagavAna ke bAda gautama, sudharmA aura jambU ye tInoM kevalI hokara nirvANa paaye|"|

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NDA . . . zalA. ARu .

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jala mandira kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pArthiva zarIra ke dAhasaskArake sthAna para nirmita jalamaMdira pAvApurI

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kSatriyakuMDa 20 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA caturvidha saMgha parivAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samaya indrabhUti gautama Adi 14000. utkRSTa sAdhu the| candanabAlA Adi 36000 utkRSTa sAdhviyAM thiiN| zaMkha zataka Adi 159000 utkRSTa zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA thI / sulasA Adi 318000 utkRSTa zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA thI / 300 caudaha pUrvadhArI muni the / atizayalabdhi-dhArI utkRSTa avadhijJAnI 1300 muni the| 700 kevalajJAniyoM kI utkRSTa saMkhyA thI / utkRSTa 700 vaikriya-labdhi vAle muniyoM kI saMkhyA thI / 700 utkRSTa vipulamati manaH paryava jJAniyoM kI saMkhyA thI / 400 utkRSTa vAdiyoM kI saMkhyA thI / 700 muniyoM ne mokSa prApta kiyaa| 1400 sAdhviyoM ne mokSa prApta kiyaa| prabhu ke 800 muni anuttara vimAna meM utpanna hue jo AgAmI janma meM mokSa prApta kreNge| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra 30 varSa gRhasthAvasthA meM rhe| sAr3he bAraha varSa taka chadmasthAvasthA meM munidharma pAla kara bAda meM kevalajJAna prAgna kiyaa| kucha kAla kama 30 varSa kevalI paryAya meM raha kara samuccaya 42 varSa taka caritra pAla kara 72 varSa Ayu vyatIta kara sarvakarmoM ko kSaya kara janma, jarA, mRtyu se sadA keliya rahita hokara cauvihAra chaTha (do upavAsa) ke tapa ke sAtha padmAsana meM zailezIkaraNa meM baiThe hue 527 I. pU. kArtika amAvasa ko pAvA meM nirvANa paayeN| jyotiSazAstra aura vardhamAna mahAvIra jaina paramparA ke mAnya 24 tIrthakaroM meM se 22 tIrthaMkara sUrya vaMzIya kSatriya rAjagharAnoM meM hue haiM aura zeSa 2 candravaMza ke kSatriya rAjagharAnoM meM hue haiN| mahAvIra svAmI ne apane pUrvavartI 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM kA avaguMThana karake aura samayAnukUla saMzodhana karake jaina- vicAra - dhArA ko aitihAsika mahattva diyA thaa| Apa zAkya muni gautama ke samakAlIna the| jaina paramparA meM jise zvetAMbara sAhitya kahA jAtA hai usa meM mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana saMbaMdha meM digambara sAhitya kI apekSAkRta adhika prAmANika sAmagrI hai| digambara paramparA ke anusAra ina ke koI bhAI-bahana, patnI, santAna, cAcA Adi nahIM the| zvetAMbara paraMparA inake pArivArika aitihAsika tathyoM ko chipAtI nahIM hai balki svIkAra karatI hai| kyoMki pArivArika sthitiyoM meM mahAvIra kI mahAnatA meM koI antara nahIM aataa| ApakI pArivArika sthiti isa prakAra hai

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29 kSatriyakuMDa 1. pitA - magadha janapada meM kSatriyakuMDapura ke nareza kAzyapagotrIya | jJAtRvaMza ke IkSvAkukula ke kSatriya siddhArtha the| 2. mAtA - videha janapada ke vaizAlI nareza sUryavaMzIya vAziSTa gotrIya licchivI kula ke mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahana trizalA thI / 3. patnI - koDinna gotrIya kSatriya samaravIra aparanAma naravIra kaliMgadeza ke mahAsAmaMta kI putrI yazodA thI / . 4. putrI - anavadyA aparanAma priyadarzanA jo kozika gotrIya kSatriya rAjaputra jamAlI ko byAhI thI / yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA bhAnajA thA / 5. jamAtA (dAmAda) kauzika gotrIya rAjapUta jmaalii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI bar3I bahana kA putra thaa| 6. bohitrI - mahAvIra svAmI kI putrI priyadarzanA kI beTI thii| jisa kA nAma yazasvatI aparanAma zevavatI thAM / 7. bar3e bhAI nandivardhana the| jo apane pitA rAjA siddhArtha ke dehAvasAna ke bAda unake jAnazIna kSatriya kuMDapura ke rAjA hue| 8 se 12 anya kuTumbI / 8. cAcA supArzva 9. bhuA yazodharA 10. mAmA ceTaka 11 bahana sudarzanA / 12. bhAbhI (bhojAI) bar3e bhAI nandIvardhana kI bhAryA jyeSThA ceTaka kI putrI thI / yoM to bAlyAvasthA se hI Apa kA rujhAna kSatriyocita karmoM kI bajAya vairAgya kI tarapha adhika thaa| lekina mAtA-pitA ke nidhana ke bAda bhAI-bhAbhI ke bahuta rokane para bhI Apa ne 28 varSa kI avasthA meM vairAgya le liyA aura 30 varSa kI avasthA meM Apa ne gRha ko tyAga diyaa| aba ina mahAna vibhUti kI jIvanI ko jyotiSa zAstra ke anusAra dekheM ki Apa kI janma kuNDalI ke anusAra ApakA jIvana vRtAMta kaisA hai| janma- jaina vAMDamaya meM ullekha hai ki vi. pU. 543 ( I. pU. 600) ASAr3ha zuklA chaha ko bhagavAna mahAvIra garbha meM aaye| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pahale Apa kuMDapura ke brAhmaNakuMDa nagara meM devAnandA nAmaka brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hue kintu mAtA devAnandA eka avatArI jIva kA garbha vahana nahIM kara pA rahI thii| isaliye indra ne apane devadUta dvArA Apake bhrUNa ko kSatriyANI mahArAnI trizalA devI kI kokha meM parivartita karavA diyaa| kyoMki sabhI avatarita vibhUtiyAM rAjarAnI kSatriyANI kI kokha se hI janma letI haiN|

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30 mahAvIra aura jyotiSa vi.pU. 542 (I. pU. 599) meM grISma Rtu ke caitramAsa kI zuklA 13 ke dina pUre nau mahIne sAta dina bAraha ghaMToM ke pUrNa hone para jaba ki nakSatra apanI ucca sthitiyoM ko prApta the| prathama candra yoga se dizAoM ke samUha jaba nirmala the| aMdhakAra hIna aura jyotiSa vizuddha kAla thA, sAre zakuna zubha the| anukUla dakSiNa pavana bhUmi ko sparza kara rahA thaa| bhUmi dhAnya se paripUrNa thii| sAre prANI aura manuSya pramudita aura krIr3A lIna the| usa samaya uttarA phAlganI nakSatra ke cauthe caraNa meM AdhI rAta meM magadha janapada meM kSatriyakuMDapura meM IkSvAku kulabhUSaNa raghukula nandana, sUryavaMzamaNi, jAtRvaMza-dIpaka, siddhArtha ke kumAra, priyakAriNI trizalA devI nandana, nandIvardhanAnuja, sudarzanA-sahodara, kSatriyakaMDa ke rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM sanmati vardhamAna-mahAvIra mAtA trizAlA devI kI dakSiNa kukSI se prasUta hue| usa samaya sUrya kI mahAdazA evaM zani kI arntadazA, buddha kA pratyantara cala rahA thaa| una ke janma kAla meM uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra kA bar3A mahatva hai| ApakA garbhAvataraNa, garbha-pratyAvartana, janma, gRhatyAga (dIkSA) kevalajJAna prApti nAmaka pAMcoM ghaTanAeM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra meM hI saMgaThita huI thiiN| isa jAtaka kA janma kyoMki zukla pakSa kI trayodazI ko hai, isaliye jAtaka kA gehaAM (svarNa jaisA pIlA) raMga honA caahie| tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra kI janmakuMDalI. 12K meM 10 ke. bu. 1 sU0 240 rA04 0 7 za0 > caitra zuklA prayodazI I. pU. 599 vi. pU. 542 nava graha anusAra vivecana - 1. maMgala- kyoMki ucca kA makara rAzi kA hai isaliye jAtaka khyAtiprApta, parAkramI, netA, aizvaryazAlI evaM mahatvAkAMkSI hotA hai| sAtha hI rAjasI cinhoM yathA pralambabAhu, sar3ha skandha dvaya, vizAla vakSa sthala, unnata lalATa tathA kAntimaya mukhamaMDala se yukta hotA hai|

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bhatriyakuMDa 2. sarva- ucca tathA meSa rAzi kA hai| ataH jAtaka AtmabalI, svAbhimAnI, mahatvAkAMkSI, gaMbhIra, tathA udAra-vRtti vAlA hotA hai| ...haspati- kyoMki ucca kA aura karka rAzi kA hai isaliye aisA jAtaka sadAcArI, vidvAna, satyavaktA, mahAyazasvI, samadRSTi, sudhAraka, yogI, lokamAnya aura netRtva karane vAlA hotA hai| mukhamaMDala AbhAyukta, tejomaya evaM prabhAvotpAdaka hotA hai| 4. zukra- kyoMki svagrahI aura paMcamabhAva meM hai aura vRSa kA hai ataH jAtaka suMdara, aizvaryazAlI, dAnI tathA sAtvika vRttivAlA hotA hai| sAtha hI paropakArI, aneka zAstroM kA jJAtA, tyAga bhAvanA.bAlA, saMgIta premI aura bhAgyavAna hotA hai| yaha jAtaka svataMtra prakRti kA vicAraka hotA hai| 5. zani- kyoMki ucca kSetrIya hokara dazamagRha meM baiThA hai ataH yaha jAtaka subhASI, netRtva pradAna karane meM samartha, unnatizIla, yazasvI hotA hai| aisA jAtaka jAgIdAroM kA rAjA hotA hai| 6. rAha- kyoMki karka rAzi kA hai| ataH yaha jAtaka udAra evaM indrIya-nigrahI hotA hai| dAmpatya jIvana ko alpakAla taka bhogatA hai| 7. ketu- kyoMki makara rAzi kA hai isaliye jAtaka pravAsI, parizramI, parAkramI, tejasvI aura mokSamArgI hotA hai| 8. dukha- kyoMki meSa rAzi kA hai, phalataH aisA jAtaka ikahare lekina sugaThita aMgoM vAlA, satyavaktA, samRddha, sampanna evaM aizvaryazAlI hotA hai| 9. cana- kyoMki kanyA rAzi kA hokara navama sthAna para baiThA hai ataH yaha jAtaka alpa saMtati vAlA, dAnI svabhAva vAlA, gaMbhIra prakRtti kA tathA sadar3ha deha-yaSThivAlA, dhArmika vRtti kA hotA hai| dvAdaza gRhoM kA vivecana prathama gRha- maMgala ke kAraNa garbhakAla meM kisI gar3abar3I (garbha parAvartana) kI saMbhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| maMgala aura keta kI yati ke phalasvarUpa paropakArI, mokSamArga pradarzaka hotA hai| maMgala uccarAzI kA hai isaliye jAtaka rajogaNa nAzaka tathA bhramaNazIla hotA hai, khyAtiprApta netA hotA hai| ketu ke prabhAva se vizvavaMdya, paramapUjya, buddhi va bhAgya kI khAna hotA hai| jisa ke darzanArtha loga cala kara AyeM aisA nAmavara bulanda-martabA hotA hai| jatI-satI ekAMtapriya hotA hai|

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32 mahAvIra aura jyotiSa dvitIya gRha- dhaneza kyoMki tulA rAzi kA hokara dazama sthAna kAryakSetra meM jA baiThA hai, 'rAjakulotpanna ho kara bhI kyoMki zani ucca kA tulA rAzi kA hai| ataH isase jAtaka kA rAjyayoga dIkha par3a rahA hai| matalaba yaha hai ki aisA jAtaka rAjagharAne meM janma lekara bhI rAjasattA kA upayoga nahIM kara sktaa| tRtIya gRha- vRhaspati tIsare sthAna kA svAmI hokara bhI kyoMki dazama sthAna meM uccakSetrI hokara baiThA hai aura apane ghara ko pUrNa dRSTi se dekha rahA hai| isaliye isa jAtaka kA mAna-sammAna akSuNNa rahatA hai| yaha vyakti apane kSetra meM sUrya ke samAna camakatA hai| tIsare sthAna kA svAmI guru ucca rAzi kA hokara kendra meM sthita hai| isa ke hisAba se cAra bahina-bhAiyoM ke yoga bana rahe haiN| lekina rAhu kA saMyoga hone se eka bahina va eka bhAI hI hoNge| bahina kA yoga isa liye bana rahA hai ki caMdramA kI tRtIya bhAva para pUrNa dRSTi hai aura 11 veM sthAna kA svAmI maMgala lagna meM baiThA hai aisI hAlata meM isa jAtaka ke sahodara yA sahodarA agraja hI ho sakate haiM kaniSTha nahIM / caturtha gRha- ucca kA sUrya meSa rAzi kA hai sAtha hI buddha kA saMyoga bhI hai tathA maMgala kI pUrNa dRSTi hai| aisA jAtaka svAbhimAnI, mahatvAkAMkSI, udAravRtti vAlA, gaMbhIra prakRti kA tathA svAvalaMbI vyakti hotA hai| sUrya va buddha kI yuti ke pariNAmasvarUpa aisA jAtaka vicAravAna, saMzodhaka tathA subhASI vidvAna hotA hai| paMcama gRha - paMcama sthAna meM vRSa rAzi zukra ke svagRhI hone ke kAraNa isa aizvaryazAlI, sudarzana, sAtvika vRttika, sadAcArI jAtaka kI buddhi meM vairAgyabhAva abodhAvasthA pAra karate hI AjAnA caahie| isa jAtaka ne svajanoM ke sAMsArika mohapAza se svayaM ko nispRha rakhA hogaa| yaha jAtaka AcArya (tIrthaMkara) pada ko prApta karane vAlA hotA hai| buddha rAzi ke hone se isa ke utkarSa - kAla kA prAraMbha 28 veM varSa se hotA hai| (ghara meM virakta avasthA kA praarNbh)| pAMcaveM ghara meM kyoMki zukra apane ghara kA svAmI bana baiThA hai, ataH isa jAtaka ke saMtAna ke nAma para kevala putrI hI hotI hai| (priyadarzanA putrI ) / aisA jAtaka putra sukha se vihIna hotA hai| "suteza yasya paMcame putra tasya na jIvati" ( lomaza saMhitA) | SaSTama gRha- buddha graha kyoMki napuMsaka hai ataH isa jAtaka meM kAma krIr3AoM, rati kriyAoM yA praNaya vyApAra ke prati vizeSa utsAha nahIM hotaa| kAmadeva kI bajAya mahAdeva isa kA Adarza hotA hai| jAtaka kA zatru pakSa nirbala hotA hai| isa kA virodha naganya hotA hai| kiM bahunA jAtaka ajAtazatru hotA hai|

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kSatriyakuMDa 33 saptama gRha- rAhu aura bRhaspati karka rAzi meM sthita hai isaliye inakA pariNaya- vaya kizorakAla ThaharatA hai| (yazodA patnI) / isa indriya nigrahI jAtaka ke sAtaveM ghara meM rAhu kI sthiti hai tathA zani kI pUrNa dRSTi hai isaliye patnI tyAga kA avasara bhI zIghra hI hokara yauvanAvasthA meM jJAna upasthita hotA hai| ucca rAzi kA bRhaspati tathA rAhu kI yuti hone se jAtaka tamoguNanAzaka, zikSAdAtA, tAmasI vRtti va indriya sukhoM kA parityAga karane va karAne vAlA hotA hai| aSTamagRha - aSTameza sUrya ucca rAzi kA hokara cauthe ghara meM baiThA hai ataH aisA jAtaka paryApta Ayu kA bhogI hotA hai| arthAt pUrI Ayu bhoga kara svAbhAvika mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| navamagRha - kanyA rAzi kA svAmI buddha cauthe sthAna meM calA gayA hai| jisa ke kAraNa jAtaka kI dhArmika pravRttiyoM ko bar3hAvA mila rahA hai| sAtha hI candramA ke kSetra meM rAhu ke baiThane se paramparA se calI A rahI dhArmika vicAra dhArA kA virodhI banane ke pUre AsAra hai| (yajJa-yAgoM meM pazubali, varNavAda - jAtivAda Adi aneka paramparAoM kA virodha ) / guru ucca kA hone se rAjakulotpanna, yaha jAtaka alaMkAra priya hotA hai| candramA dharmasthAna meM hai ataH nIra-tIre inake jIvana kI mahAna ghaTanA ghaTane (RtukUlA nadI ke taTa ke samIpa kevalajJAna prApti) ke yoga haiN| dazamagRha - zani ucca kA hokara rAjya sthAna meM vidyamAna hai tathA sUrya aura buddha use pUrNa dRSTi se dekhate haiN| isaliye yahAM eka tarapha rAjayoga bana rahA hai| vahIM tulA rAzI kA svAmI buddha zukra jo karmakSetra kA mAlika bhI hai| paMcama sthAna para (jo buddhi kA kSetra hai) calA gayA hai| phalataH rAjayoga se viparIta honA AvazyambhAvI hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa aisA rAjakumAra eka vairAgI sanyAsI hotA hai| aise rAjagharAne ke bAlaka kA lAlana-pAlana dhAyoM dvArA honA bilkula svAbhAvika hai| ekAdazaM gRha- Aya-sthAna kA svAmI maMgala lagna meM ketu ke sAtha ucca kSetra hokara baiThA hai| yaha sampanna jAtaka Aya ko paramArtha meM lagAne vAlA hotA hai (varSIdAnadAtA) ekAdaza bhAva para ucca kSetrI guru evaM hotrI zukra kI pUrNa dRSTi hai / isa jAtaka ke ikabAla kI bulaMdI javAnI se hI zurU hotI hai| yaha jAtaka eka nAmavara hastI ( mahAbhAga) hotA hai| bahuta hI kamAla kA pahuMcA huA eka aisA vyakti hotA hai jisako samAja kA pUjyavarga (RSi maharSi, brAhmaNa varga bhI) mAna-sammAna deN|

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mahAvIra aura jyotiSa dvAdaza graha- vyaya sthAna meM dhanarAzi hone se tathA svAmI vahaspati ucca kA hone se isa jAtaka dvArA dhArmika, paropakArI evaM mAMgalika kAryoM meM hI ruci ke yoga haiN| roga- Ayu ke madhyama kAla meM atisAra yA rakta pitta se roga saMbhava hai| (gozAlAka kA tejolazyA ina para cher3ane se rakta-pitta atisAra rog)| nirvANa- jaba zani kI mahAdazA meM vRhaspati kA antara ho aura Ayu 72 varSa meM cala rahI ho taba mArakeza lagatA hai (nirvANa hogA) jisa dina mahAvIra svAmI ne nirvANa lAbha kiyA, usa dina kArtika kI amAvasyA kI rAta meM svAti nakSatra cala rahA thA Apake jIvana kA 72 varSa gajara rahA thaa| yaha pAvApurI kI bhUmi thI 470 vi. pU. (527 I. pa.) meM pRthvI kI jvAjvalyamAna jyoti, brahmAMDa kI paramajyoti kA eka abhinna aMza bana gayI isa prakAra sanmati mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta hue| dvAdaza gRhoM ke anusAra prabha mahAvIra ke jIvana kI mukhya ghaTanAeM 1. prathama gRha- meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbha-parAvartana haa| 2.tRtIyaM gRha- bhagavAna mahAvIra kA eka bar3A bhAI nandIvardhana tathA eka bar3I bahana sudarzanA the| paMcama pRha- virakta avasthA kA prAraMbha, putrI priyadarzanA thii| saptama gRha- yazodA patnI thI isa se putrI priyadarzanA kA janma huaa| pAzcAta patnI tyAga kA avasara bhI zIghra A gyaa| 5. navama gRha- dhArmika paramparA meM vikRtiyoM kA khulakara virodh| nadItIra para kevljnyaanotptti| 6. ekAdaza gRha- varSIdAna meM dhana kA upayoga 7. roga- gozAlaka ne ina para tejoleziyA chor3I- pariNAma svarUpa rakta-pitta atisAra roga kA honaa||

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triyabara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakuMDa jainadharma ke cauvImaveM nIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma I.pU. 599 (vi. pa. 5.42) caitra zaklA trayodazI ko magadha janapada ke kaMDaggAma (kuNDagrAma) meM huA thaa| isakI paSTi prAcIna jainAgama AcAgaMga,kalpasUtra Adi aneka Agama-zAstra karata haiM evaM anekAneka yAtrI-yAtrIsaMgha yAtrA karane keliye prAcInakAla se Aja naka vahA Ane-jAte rahate haiN| isakI puSTi meM hama Age vistAra se likheNge| kaDagrAma do bhAgoM meM vibhAjina thaa| 1. kSatriyakaMDagrAma aura 2. braahmnnkNddgraam| kATha varSa pahala taka to upayaMkna kSatriyakaMDa ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kecyavana (gabhAvanagaNa), janma, dIkSA, nIna kalyANakoM kI bhUmi nivirvAda rUpa se mAnya thii| paranta pAzcimAtya anveSakoM ne jaba vamAr3ha (prAcIna vaizAlI) kI khoja kI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kaliya prayukta- vaizAlika bibehadinnA, videhadinna, videhajaccA Adi zabda par3hane meM una vidvAnoM ne yaha dhAraNA banA lI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI hI hai aura usakeeka mahalle ko hI kaMDagrAma mAna liyaa| ina kAmamarthana kATa bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI kara ddaalaa| digambara sAhitya ne kaMDapara ke sthAna para kaMDalapara mAnA aura nAlaMdA ke nikaTavartI bar3agAMva ko hI kaMDalapara mAnakara vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke digambara mandira sthApita krdiye| iryAlaya triyakaMDa mthAna kahAM para hai? kaI varSoM se aisA prazna uTha khdd'aahaa| ataH triyakaMDa liye ima mamaya tIna mAnyatAeM pracalita haiN| 1. prAcIna mAnyatAmagadha janapada meM lacchaADa (jamuI) ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI hai| 2.digamvara-paMtha magadha janapada meM nAlaMdA ke nikaTa bar3agAMva ko kuMDalapura mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnatA hai| 3. Adhunika kucha pAzcimAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAna kSatriyakuMDa ko videha janapada kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA eka mohallA mAnate haiN| aisA mAnate hue bhI isa muhalle ke liye ina kA eka mata nahIM hai|

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36 videzI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAeM kucha pAzcimAtya videzI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAeM atriyakaMDa kahAM para hai? isa keliye kucha Adhunika pAzcimAtya saMzodhakoM kA mata hai ki videha janapada meM vaizAlI nagarI vartamAna kAla meM jisakA nAma sar3a hai vaha athavA usakA eka muhallA yahI vAstava meM kSatriyakaMDa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| sarvaprathama jarmana skAlara DA. haramana jaikobI tathA jarmana DA e. epha.Ara hAnale ne ina nayI mAnyatAoM ko janma diyaa| pazcAt unakA anukaraNa kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI kiyaa| isa naye saMzodhana ke kAraNa yaha mata bahata vizvAsapAtra bana gayA hai| aba isake viSaya meM jo unake vicAra aura tarka haiM prathama una para vicAra kreN| . ca. hArmana caikobI ne (Secred books of the East) pUrva deza kI pavitra pustakeM isa nAma kI graMtha mAlA ke 22veM bhAga meM 'AcArAMgasUtra evaM kalpasUtra kA aMgrejI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA hai| isakI prastAvanA meM likhA hai "mahAvIra kuMDapura ke rAjA siddhArtha ke putra the| kuMDapuragrAma ko jaina bar3A nagara aura siddhArtha ko pratApI rAjA mAnate haiN| ye varNana atizayapUrNa hai| bAcArAMgasUtra meM kuMDagrAma ko sanniveza batalAyA hai| TIkAkAra ne sanniveza kA barSa yAtriyoM kA sthAna mAnA hai isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sAmAnya sthAna hogaa| AcArAMga sUtra se jJAta hotA hai ki kaMDagrAma videha janapada meM thaa| baukhagraMtha mahAvagga ne likhA hai ki gautamabuddha jaba koTigrAma padhAre taba vaizAlI ke licchavI tathA AmrapAlI vaizyA unheM vandana karane Ae the| baddha vahAM se cala kara mAMtiko ke pakke makAna meM jAkara utre| AmrapAlI ne apane nikaTa kA apanA udyAna bauddhasaMgha ko bheMTa kiyaa| buddha vahAM se vaizAlI gaye, jahAM bainasiMhasenApati ko baradharmI bnaayaa| isase ye koTigrAma, kaMDagrAma aura jAtikabAsI mAta-kSatriya lagate hai| siMha bhI jaina thaa| isaliye mAna sakate haiM ki kaMDagrAma videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA eka gAMva athavA muhallA yaaN| isI kAraNa se sUtrakRtAMga meM mahAvIra ko vaizAlika kahA hai| TIkAkAra ne isake aneka artha batalAye haiM unapara bahuta dhyAna denA ucita nhiiN| vaizAlIya kA maI milI-nikAsI hotA hai| kyoMki kaMDasAma vaizAlI kA eka mahallA hai, isaliye zAnIka bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika nAma siddha hotA hai| siddhArtha rAjA nahIM

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bhatriya thA para mAtra umarAva thaa| isaliye aneka jagaha siddhArtha aura trizalA ko bhatriya aura kSatriyAnI kahA hai| trizalA kA devI rUpa meM kahIM ullekha nahIM hai, siddhArtha jamIMdAra athavA umarAva thaa| sattAdhArI kSatriya thaa| kintu rAjagharAne meM lagna hone se bar3oM kesAtha sambandha ke kAraNa dUsare saradAroM se adhika lAgavaga vAlA thaa| trizalA videha kI rAjakanyA thI, vaha rAjA ceTaka kI bahana thii| isaliye vaha videhA, videhadinnA ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thii| ceTaka bhI vaizAlI kA rAjA nahIM thA kinta vaizAlI kA zAsaka umarAva maMDala kA netA thaa| vaha jaina thA isalie baukhoM ne isakA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| mAtra itanA hI nahIM kintu rAjA ceTaka ke kAraNa vaizAlI jainadharma kA mukhya kendra bana gayA thaa| isaliye bauddhoM ne vaizAlI ko pAkhaMDiyoM kA eka maTharUpa se varNana kiyA hai|" 1. ataH DA. jaikovI mAnatA hai ki1. vaizAlI kA koTigrAma hI kaMDagrAma- kSatriyakuMDa hai| 2. yaha kuDaMgrAma mahAnagara nahIM thA parantu yAtriyoM kA, sArthavAhoM kA sAmAnya vizrAma-sthAna thaa| 3. koTigrAma, kuMDagrAma aura AMtika ye grAma jJAta kSatriyoM ke the| 4. kaMDagrAma vaizAlI kA eka muhallA athavA grAma thA jahAM mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlI ke nivAsI the| 6. mahAvIra kA pitA siddhArtha rAjA nahIM thaa| vaha kSatriya umarAva thaa| 7.trizalA kA devI ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM huAM ataH vaha rAnI nahIM thii| 8. ceTaka rAjA nahIM thA- vaizAlI ke umarAvamaMDala kA netA thaa| 9. ceTaka jaina thaa| usake prabhAva se vaizAlI jainadharma kA mukhya kendra bana gayA thA isaliye bauddhoM ne rAjA ceTaka kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| ve vaizAlI ko pAkhaMDiyoM kA eka maTha khaa| ma.hAnale ne- caMDakA prAkRta vyAkaraNa aura jainoM kA upAsakadazAMga mUtra kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai aura jaina paTTAvaliyAM prakAzita kI haiN| I. ma. 1818 meM baMgAla eziyATika sosAiTI kI vArSika sabhA meM pradhAnapada me umane jo bhASaNa diyA thA usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki___ "mahAvIra jainadharma ke pravartaka haiN| unakA mUlanAma vardhamAna thaa| bauddha unheM nAtaputta tathA jJAtakSatriyoM ke rAjakumAra batalAte haiN| ve gajakala meM janme the

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jekAMvI kI mAnyatA unakA pitA siddhArtha jJAta-jAti kA ThAkura thaa| vaizAlI ke kollAga sanniveza (mahalle) meM vaha rahatA thA isalie mahAvIra ko vaizAlika kahA jAtA hai| vaizAlI vaha vartamAna kAla kA basAr3a hai| paTanA ke uttara meM sattAIsa mIla dara hai| ima samaya zahara ke vaizAlI, kuMDagrAma aura vANiyagrAma ye tIna bhAga haiN| inameM anukrama se sAhmaNa, kSatriya aura baniye rahate the| Aja inake avazeSa- 1. basAi 2. vAsukaMDa 3. baniyAMgAMva vidyamAna hai| siddhArtha kA vivAha vaizAlI gaNarAjya ke pramukha rAjAceTaka kI bahina trizalA se huA thaa| mahApAra kA janma I.pa.599 meM trizalA ke garbha sehaA thaa| isase svataH siddha hai ki unakA janma uccakula meM huA thaa| isa kAhI kAraNa thA ki baddha aura mahAvIra donoM prAraMbha meM apanI apanI jAti ke kSatriyoM aura rAjakaloM ke saMsarga meM Aye the| mahAvIra kI yazodA nAma kI patnI priyadarzanA nAma kI putrI aura jamAlI nAma kA javAI (dAmAda) thaa| mahAvIra ne mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda tIsa varSa kI Aya me dIkSA lI thii| kollAga meM mAta-kSatriyoM kA butipalAsacaitya nAma kA dharmasthAna thA, jisameM pUjya pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke muni Akara Thaharate the| mahAvIra ne prathama isa paramparA meM praveza kiyA thaa| ekAdha varSa ke bAda nagnatA svIkAra kii| bAraha varSa taka chamastha mani avasthA meM vihAra kiyaa| bAda meM mahAvIra ke upanAma ke mAtha kevalajJAna ko prApta kara jina (tIrthakara) pada ko prApta kiyaa| unhoMne antima tIsa varSoM taka dharmopadeza dekara apanI parampaMga kI vyavasthA kii| isa kAma meM unheM mausAla (mAmA) ke pakSa ke sAtha samvandha ke kAraNa vidaha, magadha aura aMga janapadoM kA bahata sahayoga milaa| nepAla kI mImA aura pAzvanAtha pahADa (mammedazikhara) taka vicaraNa kiyA thaa| unhoMne gautamabuddha kemAtha milApa yA vivAda nahIM kiyA paranta gauzAlA ke sAtha vAda-vivAda kiyaa| unake mAzaya gyAraha (gaNadhara) tathA damare ina gaNadharoM ke zipya vayAlIma mau (cavAlIma mau) the| iliye (unakI parampaga meM) Aja taka jainadharma cAla hai ityAdi tathA DA. hArnale ne upAmakadazAMga matra ke bhApAntara meM pa0 tImare kI TipaNI lootnote meM likhA hai- jimakA sAra yaha hai- "vANiyagrAma yaha vaizAlI kA dasarA nAma hai| vaizAlI meM vaizAlI, kaMDagrAma, vANiyagrAma kA samAveza hotA hai| jinake avazeSa rUpa Aja vamAr3ha, vAmakaMDa aura vANiyA hai| isase vaizAlI ko hama tIna nAmoM se sambodhita kara sakate haiN| vANiyAgrAma ke mASa nagara zabda bar3A hai isaliye yaha bar3A nagara thaa| kaMDagrAma vaizAlI kAhI tIsarA nAma hai isI se mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI hone meM mahAvIra bhI vaizAlika khlaaye| eka bauddha kathA meM vaizAlI ke tIna nAma kahe haiN| vaizAlI ke

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afrees 39. Age kuMDapura aura usI ke Age kollAna muhallA thaa| isameM kSatriya rahate the| jisa jAti meM mahAvIra ne janma liyA thA vahAM kollAma ke pAsa butipalAsacaitya udyAna thaa| vaha jJAtakula kA hI thA isaliye AcArAMgasUtra aura kalpasUtra meM jAyavaNakhaMDaujjANe likhA hai| kaMDapura kesAtha nagara zabda jur3A hai jo vaizAlI aura kaMDapura kA eka honA satya siddha karatA hai| kaMDapura kesAtha sanniveza zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai yaha kaMDapara keliye nahIM kintu uttara tarapha ke kSatriyakaMDa ke lie tathA dakSiNa tarapha ke brAhamaNakuMDa ke bhedoM ke lie hI hai| arthAt siddhArtha vaizAlI nagara ke kollAga mohalle kA jJAtakSatriyoM kA pramukha saradAra thA isame spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kollAga hI thii| jJAtavaMza ke kSatriya pArzavanAtha ke anuyAyI the| unhone apane dharmagurU ko ThaharAne ke lie dutipalAsacaitya kI sthApanA kI thii| jaba mahAvIra ne saMsAra kA tyAga kiyA taba prathama kuMDapura ke nikaTa jJAtakula ke isI dUtipalAsacaitya meM jAkara nivAsa kiyA thaa| eka bauddha kathA ke anusAra vaizAlI ko tIna bhAgoM ma vibhAjita kiyA hai| pahale bhAga meM sAta hajAra sone ke kalaza vAle ghara the, madhya vAle bhAga meM cauhada hajAra ghara cAdI ke kalaza vAle the, aura ikkIsa hajAra ghara tAMbe ke kalazavAle antima bhAga meM the| vahAM uttama, madhyama aura nIca varga ke loga vAsa karate the| jaina sUtra meM vANiyagrAma keliye ucca, nIca aura madhyama likhA hai jisakA ukta varNana ke sAtha mela khAtA hai| 2. ataH DA. hArnale aisA mAnatA hai ki 1. vaizAlI kA kollAga mohallA hI kSatriyakaDa hai| vAsakaDa vartamAna ma usakA avazeSa rUpa hai 2. jJAtavaNakhaMDa aura datipalAsacetya eka hI udyAna thA / vaha vazAlI ma thaa| 3. siddhArtha kollAga ke jJAna kSatriyoM kA saradAra - ; 1 3. panyAsa kalyANavijaya apanI pustaka bhramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra meM likhate haiM ki 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma lacchaAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa meM huA thA maiM ise saca nahIM mAnatA kyoMki patroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye vivedinna,

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40 pa. kalayANavijaya kI mAnyatA videhavacce, vivehasumAle tIsa vAsAiM vikaTTaH yaha pATha hai aura vaizAlika nAma bhI milatA hai| isase mAnanA par3atA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna videha janapada meM vaizAlI ke eka muhalle meM huA thaa| 2. kSatriyakuMDa ke rAjaputra jamAlI ne pAMca sau rAjapUtoM ke sAtha dIkSA lI thI, isase nizcita hai ki kSatriyakuMDa eka bar3A nagara thaa| to bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahAM eka bhI caumAsA kiyA ho aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa| jaba ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAraha caumAse vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ke kiye| isase lagatA hai ki kSatriyakuMDa evaM brAhmaNakuMDa vaizAlI ke pAsa ke mohalle the| isase ukta bAraha caumAsoM kA lAbha unhIM ko milA thaa| isa sthiti meM khAsa kSatriyakuMDa meM caumAsA yA vihAra ne kiyA ho aura zAstra meM usakA ullekha na huA ho ye svAbhAvika hai| 3. bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA ke dUsare dina kollAga sanniveza meM jAkara chaTha tapa kA pAraNA bAhula brAhmaNa ke ghara jAkara khIra se kiyaa| jainasUtroM ke anusAra kollAga sanniveza do haiM eka vANijyagrAma ke pAsa, dusarA rAjyagRha ke pAsa, ye sthAna lacchu Ar3a se cAlIsa mIla se adhika dUra haiN| vahAM pahuMca kara dUsare dina pAraNA karanA asambhava hai, ho nahIM sakatA / tarkasaMgata vastu yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vaizAlI ke pAsa kSatriyakaMDa ke jJAtavanakhaMDa meM dIkSA lI aura dUsare dina vANijyugrAma ke kollAga meM pAraNA kiyaa| 4. bhagavAna ne dIkSA ke varSa meM kSatriyakuMDa se vihAra karake kumAragrAma, morAka sanniveza Adi sthAnoM meM vicaraNakara asthigrAma meM caumAsA kiyaa| dUsare varSa maurAka, vAcAlA, kanakhala, Azramapada, zvetAmbI hokara rAjagRhI Akara caumAsA kiyA aisA ullekha milatA hai isake anasAra bhagavAna (pahale caumAse ke bAda) zvetAmbI Ate haiM aura vApisa lauTate hue gaMgAnadI pAra karake rAjagRhI padhArate haiN| (zvetAmbI gaMgA ke uttara meM hai aura rAjagRhI dakSiNa meM ) " isase nizcita hai ki lacchuAr3a vAlA kSatriyakuMDa asalI nahIM hai| vahAM se rAjagRhI jAte samaya gaMgA pAra nahIM karanI par3atI, isaliye mAnanA par3atA hai ki kSatriyakuMDa gaMgA ke uttara meM vihAra meM thA ataH kSatriyakuMDa vaizAlI ke pAsa thA / (jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA) (prastAvanA pR. 25 se 38 ) 5. vaizAlI ke pazcima meM gaMDakI nadI thI isake pAsa meM brAhmaNakuMDapura, kSatriyakuMDapura, vANijyagrAma kumAragrAma aura kollAga - sannivezAdi usa (vaizAlI) ke muhalle the| brAhmaNa kuMDa evaM kSatriyakuMDa eka dUsare se pUrva-pazcima

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atriyakaMDa mahalle meM the| madhya meM bahuzAlacaitya thaa| ina donoM muhalloM meM uttara aura dakSiNa aise do bhAga the| dakSiNa brAhmaNakuMDa meM brAhmaNoM ke adhika ghara the jabaki uttara kSatriyakuMDa meM kSatriyoM ke adhika gharaM the| siddhArtha rAjA uttara kSatriyakaMDa kA nAyaka thaa| jJAta-kSatriyoM kA svAmI thA aura vaha jaina thaa| (zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra pR. 5) ataH panyAsa kalyANavijaya jI aisA mAnate haiM ki 1. videha meM vaizAlI ke nikaTa eka mohallA hI kSatriyakuMDa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| 2. lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa meM bhagavAna ne koI caumAsA evaM vihAra nahIM kiyaa| isaliye yaha bhagavAna kA janmasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| 3. zvetAmbI se rAjagRhI jAte hue bhagavAna ko gaMgAnadI pAra karanI par3I thI isalie vaizAlI kA eka mohallA hI saccA kSatriyakuMDa hai| 4. AcArya vijayendra sUri vaizAlI nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiM 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlika kahalAte haiN| kSatriyakuMDa bhI vaizAlI ke pAsa thaa| isaliye hama vaizAlI saMbandhI vicAra karate haiN| (pR. 1) yaha Arya deza thaa| vRhatkalpasatra Adi meM Arya deza 254 kahe haiN| inameM bhI aMga, magadha, dakSiNa meM vatsa (kauzAmbI), pazcima meM stUna (kurukSetra) aura uttara meM kuNAla kI sImA taka vidyamAna deza aura unakA madhyabhAga hI muniyoM ke vihAra ke liye AryabhUmi hai| isa pradeza ko bauddha 16 janapada aura manujI madhyabhArata ullekha karate haiN| 2. videha yaha AryadezoM meM se eka hai| isakI rAjadhAnI mithilA thii| vikrama kI 15vIM zatI meM isa ke kramazaH tIrabhakti aura jamaInagara aise nAma the| 15 bauddhagraMthoM ke anusAra mithilA videha kI rAjadhAnI thI jo ATha pramukha saMghoM meM se eka thii|6 vaizAlI Aja vidyamAna nhiiN| isa jagaha Aja vasAr3ha, baniyA, kAmanachaparAgAcchI, vasukaMDa aura koluA gAMva base hue haiN| jo vaizAlI, vANijya, kumAra, kuMDapura aura kollAga kI smRti meM hoM aisA lagatA hai| 'jAta' yaha chaha jAtiyoM meM se eka hai| rAhula sAkRtyAya kahatA hai ki yaha jAti Aja vasAr3ha meM jathAriyA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrazAta jAti

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A vijayedra mAra kI mAnyatA meM janme the, isaliye ve jJAtaputra ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta the| IsavI san 1903 se 1914 taka vaizAlI kI khudAI kA kAma huaa| usake khaNDaharoM se Aja eka mIla ke ghere vAlA gar3ha hai| gar3ha ke vAyavya koNa meM azokastUpa, markaTahRda yAni rAmakaNDa hai| pazcima meM eka maMdira ke pAsa jina, buddha aura ziva Adi kI khaMDita mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiN| khodakAma se prAcIna sikke bhI mile haiN| gar3ha ke vAyavya koNa meM eka mIla para baniyAMgAMva hai pAsa meM azokastaMbha hai| vahIM bauddhasaMghArAma (maMdira-maTha) bhI hai| do mIla dUra kolabAgAMva hai| IzAnakoNa meM vAsukaMDa aura pUrva meM kAmanachaparAgAchI gAMva hai| kolavA, basAr3ha aura baniyA ke parva nadI kA parANA taTa hai| jisakA nAma nyorInAlA (nevalI nAlA) hai Aja vahAM khetI hotI hai| (vaizAlI pustaka pRSTha. 6 se 22) / cInI yAtrI phAhiyAna likhatA hai| ki vaizAlI ke dakSiNa meM 3 lI (5 lI -1 mIla) para AmrapAli vaizyA kA bAga hai jise usane buddha ko dAna diyA thA tAki ve usameM rheN| baddha apane parinirvANa ke liye jaba apane ziSyoM sahita vaizAlI nagara ke pazcima se nikale to dAhinI ora vaizAlI nagara ko dekhakara unhoMne apane ziSyoM se kahA ki yaha merI antima vidA hai| logoM ne vahAM stUpa bnaayaa| zreNika kI licchivI rAnI celanA jo videha nareza ceTaka kI choTI putrI thii| usane ajAtazatru (koNika) ko janma diyA thaa| isaliye vaha videhIputra khlaayaa| vasAr3ha ke IzAnakoNa meM vidyamAna vAsukaMDa hI prAcIna kSatriyakuMDa hai AcArya nemicandra sUri mahAvIra cariya meM likhate haiM ki atyi iha bhArahevAse majijAma desss| maMDanaM parama siri kuMDaggAma nayaraM vasamai ramavItilayabhUyaM; se pahacAna karAte haiN| isase bhagavAna madhyapradeza evaM videh| ke the aisA lagatA hai| AcArAMgasatra meM NAya NAtaputte NAyakulacaMde, videhe videhadinne videhajacce videhasumAle tIsa vAsAiM videhasi ktttt| yaha pATha kalpasatra sUtra 110 meM bhI AyA hai: aura trizalA rAnI ke liye- "tisalAiMvA vinehadinnAi vA piyakAriNI vA"- pATha hai| jisameM bhagavAna ko videha evaM vizAlA ko videhadinnA kahA hai| videha kA nAma mAtA ke kala ke mAtha sambandha rakhatA hai| trizalA mAtA vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI vahana thii| vaha kaTamba videha nAma me prasiddha thaa| iliye trizalA videhadattA nAma se pahacAnI jAtI thii|

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kSatriyakara bhagavAna ko bhI mosAla kA videha nAma milaa| bhagavAna videha meM 30 varSa rahe the| kalpasUtra aura usakI TIkAoM meM bhI yahI varNana milatA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna kA videha kesAtha vizeSa saMbaMdha thaa| digaMbara AcArya pUjyapAda ne pastaka dasabhakti meM aura AcArya jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM bhagavAna kA janma videha kuMDapura meM batAyA hai| ina saba pramANoM se siddha hotA hai ki kSatriyakuMDa madhyapradeza yAni Aryavarta ke videhadeza meM eka nagara thaa| sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAna ko vaizAlika kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai yAni bhagavAna videha ke the| isaliye videha kA vaizAlI nagarI ke sAtha vizeSa sambandha hone se vaizAlika nAma se prasiddha the| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki kSatriyakaMDa vaizAlI kA muhallA athavA usake pAsa meM eka nagara ke rUpa meM thaa| (vaizAlI pRSTha. 22-23) "bhagavatIsUtra meM varNana hai ki bhagavAna brAhmaNakaMDa ke mahAzailacaitya meM pdhaare|" brAhmaNakuMDa ke pazcima meM kSatriyakuMDagrAma thA vahAM ke nivAsI jamAlI kSatriya ne bahazAlacaitya meM bhagavAna kepAsa Akara pAMca sau rAjapatoM ke sAtha dIkSA lii| ataH kSatriyakuMDa aura brAhmaNakuMDa pAsa-pAsa meM honA saMbhava hai| bauddha zAstroM meM varNana hai ki rAjagRhI se kuzInArA paccIsa yojana hai bIca meM nAlandA, pArTIlagAMva, gaMgAnadI, koTigrAma, nAdikA, vaizAlI Adi sthAna Ate haiN| nAdikA mAMtikA kA dUsarA nAma hai| ye gAMva do bhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai| bIca meM tAlAba hai eka meM bar3e pitA ke aura dUsare meM choTe pitA ke putra rahate the| basa yaha prAMtikAgrAma jJAtakSatriyoM kA nabara pA-yahI apanA kSatriyakaMDa jo vajI deza meM hai| buddha kI antima yAtrA se pratIta hotA hai ki vaizAlI ke dakSiNa meM vaizAlI aura koTigrAma ke bIca meM kSatriyakaMra vaa| hamArI yaha mAnyatA aneka pramANoM se spaSTa hotI hai| 4. AcArya vijayeMdra sUri kI mAnyatA para avalokana ataH AcArya zrI vijendra sUri mAnate haiM ki- 1. bAsukaMDa yA jAtikA athavA vaizAlI aura koTigrAma kA koI sthAna kSatriyakaMDa hai| 2. bAsukaMDa ko videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA eka mohallA mAnA hai|

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44 digaMmbara mAnyatA 5. pro0 yogendra mizra ne bhI vaizAlI ke nikaTa kuMDagrAma ko mAnA hai| 6. ina uparyukta sabake atirikta inakA andhAnukaraNakartA bhI aneka haiN| digambara sampradAya kI mAnyatA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna digambara sampradAya nAlandA ke nikaTa bar3agAMva ko kuMDalapura mAnatA hai| kahatA hai ki rAjagRhI ke nikaTa nAlandA se do mIla kI dUrI para yahI kuMDalapura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| 19 prAcIna jainAgama evaM zvetAmbara jainoM kI mAnyatA ardhabhAgadhI bhASA meM prAcIna jainAgama AcArAMga kalpasUtra Adi mUla unapara likhI gaI niyukti, cUrNI, TIkA, bhASya Adi saba ne ekamata se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna magadha janapada meM kuMDaggAma (kuMDaggrAma) batalAyA hai| yaha grAma kSudra (choTA) nahIM thaa| apitu mahAgrAma-nagara thaa| isake liye grAma, pura, nagara, sanniveza Adi zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai| isake do mukhya vibhAga the dakSiNa meM mAhaNakuMDaggAma ( brAhmaNakuMDagrAma) evaM uttara meM khattIyakuMDaggAma ( kSatriyakuMDagrAma ) yaha brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM kA sammilita mahAnagara thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanacaritra meM bhI isa mahAnagara ke donoM bhAgoM ko samAnarUpa se sthAna diyA gayA hai| anuzruti hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sarvaprathama brAhmaNakuMDagrAma ke RSabhadatta brAhmaNa kI bhAryA devanandA ke garbhAzaya meM bhrUNa rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thaa| lekina vahAM se yaha bhrUNa kSatriyakuMDa ke rAjA siddhArtha kI bhAryA trizalAdevI kSatriyANi ke garbhAzaya meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA gyaa| kyoMki tIrthakara kSatriya : rAjarAnI ke garbha se hI utpanna hote haiN| brAhmaNa Adi kisI anya varNa kI strI ke garbha se athavA hInakula meM nhiiN| isakA varNana hama vistAra se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvanI meM kara Aye haiN| kuMDagrAma ke bhaugolika pariveza meM AnevAle Asa-pAsa ke kucha sthAnoM kA vivaraNa bhI prAcIna jainAgamoM meM milatA hai| kSatriyakuMDa ke bAhara IzAnakoNa meM pAyavaMjakhaMDa nAmaka eka udyAna kuMDapura ke gAya ( jJAta) kSatriyoM kA thA / gRhatyAga ke bAda

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'kSatriyakuMDa vardhamAna-mahAvIra candraprabhA nAmaka zivikA (pAlakI) meM baiThakara kSatriyakaMDagrAma ke madhya se hote hue nAyavanakhaNDa udyAna meM Aye aura vahAM para unhoMne muni-dIkSA grahaNa kii| usI dina eka muhUrta (ar3atAlIsa minaTa) dina rahate hue ve kamAragrAma meM aae| kumAragrAma jAne ke do mArga the| eka jalamArga dUsarA sthalamArga, ve sthalamArga se gae aura vahIM unhoMne sArI rAta dhyAna meM bitAI,dUsare dina ve kollAga-sanniveza meM gae aura usI dina vahAM se morAkasanniveza gae kollAgasanniveza meM jJAtakula kI pauSadhazAlA.(dharmArAdhana karane kA sthAna, vizeSa) thii| isa vivaraNa se patA calatA hai ki yahAM nAyakala ke kSatriyoM kA vistAra thA aura ve jainadharmI the| prAcIna-jainAgama sUtroM kI bhaugolika avasthiti isa prakAra batalAyI gaI hai| jambaddhIpa nAmaka dvIpa se bhAratavarSa ke bharatakSetra ke dakSiNAdhaM bhArata-khaMDa meM dakSiNa dizA meM brAhmaNakuMDapura nagara sanniveza thaa| jaina saMkalpanA ke anusAra bharaha (bharatakSetra) kA vistAra 526 yojana hai yaha callahemavanta ke dakSiNa meM tathA pUrvI evaM pazcimI sAgara ke madhya meM hai do bar3I nadiyoM gaMgA aura siMdhu tathA vaitADhaya parvatamAlA se chaH bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai| yaha sUtra kuMDapura ke bhUgola kI pahacAna kelie atyanta sahAyaka siddha hotA hai| isa bhaugolika vivaraNa-5 se patA lagatA hai ki. bharatakSetra cullahemavanta ke dakSiNa aura pUrvI evaM pazcimI sAgara ke madhya meM thA aura usa bharata ke dakSiNArdha meM bharatakhaMDa meM dakSiNa dizA meM brAhmaNakaMDapura sanniveza thaa| dhyAniya hai ki bharatakSetra kI vibhAjana rekhAoM meM gaMgA-sindhu aura vaitAdaya parvatamAlA hemavanta yA himAlaya parvata ko mAnA jAtA hai| isake dvArA yaha kSetra chaH khaMDoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA thaa| ataH aisI sthiti meM dakSiNArdha-bharatakhaMDa bhUbhAga hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| uttara bhAga nhiiN| 26 isalie dakSiNa maMgera ke lacchaAr3a ke samIpa.kA kaMDagrAma hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai anya nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki zvetAmbara jaina paramparA prAcIna kAla se hI isI kaMDagrAma ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnatI A rahI hai| lekina zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM se sarvathA bhinna vartamAna kacha videzI prAvidoM evaM unase prabhAvita kucha bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ke mata me ki vaizAlI hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma aura pitAma hai| aisA hone meM kaMDagrAma ko vaizAlI kA eka mohallA mAna liyA gayA hai| isa mata kI sthApanA ke kAphI bAda vaizAlIsaMgha nAmaka sthApita saMsthA ke prayAsoM ke phalasvarUpa sarvaprathama 21 apraila 1948 I. meM kucha jainoM ne vaizAlI ko janmabhUmi mAnakara vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pUjA ArAdhanA kii| DA. pI. sI. Ara. caudharI kA kathana hai ki

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mihAvalokana yara ye loga vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmami hone kA dAvA karane lA haiN| tathApi vivAda-rUpa me vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmami nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kheda kA viSaya yaha hai ki purgAvadoM aura itihAsakAroM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma ke sambandha meM gaMbhIratA-parvaka gavepaNA nahIM kii| vaizAlI ke pakSa meM unakI mArI yuktiyAM mArahIna aura aTakala mAtra haiM vizlepaNa karate hI inakA vAstavika svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai| 2 Adhunika pAzcimAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM para siMhAvalokana 1. digambara sampradAya nAlandA ke nikaTa do mIla kI Dharga para bainagara ko kaNDalapara mAnatA hai aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ime janmasthAna mAnatA hai| 2 jarmana vidvAna svargIya DA. harmanajaikobI kI mAnyatA hai ki (1) vaizAlI kA koTigrAma hI kaMDagrAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna thaa| (3) kaMDagrAma mahAnagara nahIM thA yAtriyAM-mArthavAhA kA sAmAnya vizrAmasthAna thaa| (3) koTigrAma hI kaMDagrAma thA aura Atika jAtAtraya the| (4) kaMDagrAma vaizAlI kA eka mahilA thaa| (5) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna va nivAsasthAna vaizAlI thaa| (6) mahAvIra kA pitA siddhArtha gajA nahIM thA kaMvala kSatriya umagava thaa| (7) trizalA kA devI ke rUpa mallakha nahIM haA iAlaya vaha ganI na / thii| (8) caTaka vaizAlI kA gajA nahIM thaa| umagava-mahala kA netA thaa| 3. jarmana vidvAna DA. hAnale mAnatA hai ki 1) vaizAlI kA konlAga mahilA hI AMtrayakara mahAvIra kA janmasthAna thaa| jAnakhaMDavana udyAna aura datipalAzacanya udyAna donoM eka hI the aura vaha vaizAlI meM thaa| . . .

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triyakaDa (3) siddhArtha jJAta-kSatriyoM kA saradAra thaa| rAjA nahIM thaa| 4. panyAsa kalyANavijaya jI kI dhAraNA hai ki (1) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI ke basAr3ha nAmaka muhalle meM huA thaa| (2) brAhmaNakuMDa aura kSatriyakaMDa vaizAlI ke do muhalle the| (3) zvetAmbI se rAjagRhI Ate hue bhagavAna gaMgAnadI ko pAra karake Ae the isalie vaizAlI kA eka muhallA hI saccA kSatriyakaMDa nagara hai aura yahI bhagavAna kA janmasthAna hai| 5. AcArya vijendra sUri kI dhAraNA hai ki (1) vAsukaMDa athavA AMtika athavA vaizAlI aura koTigrAma ke bIca meM koI sthAna kSatriyakaMDa hai| jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| (2) vAmakaMDa ko vaizAlI kA mahallA mAnA hai| (1) uparyukta tAlikA se yaha spaSTa hai ki janmasthAna kelie saba kI apanI-apanI alaga-alaga dhAraNAeM hai| yathA- 1. prAcIna jainAgama aura zvetAmbara jaina paramparA magadha janapada meM lacchaADa ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa ko janmasthAna mAnatA hai 2. digambara sampradAya magadha janapada meM kaMDalapura ko mAnatA hai| 3 DA. hamanajaikobI videha janapada me koTigrAma ko janmasthAna mAnatA hai| 4. DA. hAnale videha vaizAlI ke eka mahalle kollAga ko mAnatA hai| 5. panyAma kalyANa vijaya vasAda (vaizAlI ke eka mahalle) ko mAnate haiN| 6.vaizAlI ke eka mahalle vAsakaMDa athavA prAMtika athavA vaizAlI aura koTigrAma ke bIca kA koI sthAna kSatriyakaMDa mAnane haiN| inakI koI eka nizcita dhAraNA nahIM hai| anya dhAraNAyeM ina zodhakoM kI 2. jJAtabanakhaMDa aura datipalAmavaNakhaMDacaitya donoM eka hI udyAna thA aura vaha vaizAlI meM thA- (hAnale) ...

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TE zodhakartAoM kI skhalanAoM para vicAramA 3. kSatriyakuMDa mahAnagara nahIM thaa| vaha sArthavAhoM athavA yAtriyoM kA vizrAma sthAna thA / 4. jAMtika jJAtakSatriya the| 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi aura pitRbhUmi videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thI aura ve yahIM ke nivAsI the| dIkSA lene se pahale jIvana ke tIsa varSa yahI gujAre the / 6. bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pitA siddhArtha rAjA nahIM thA mAtra kSatriya umarAva thA / 7. trizalA rAnI nahIM thI / mAtra sAdhAraNa kSatriya umarAva siddhArtha kI patnI thii| 8. ceTaka vaizAlI kA rAjA nahIM thA vaha umarAvamaMDala kA netA thaa| (prAyaH yahI mAnyatAeM DA. hArnala evaM jaikobI kI bhI haiM) uparyukta zodhakartAoM kI skhalanAoM para vicAraNA kisI bhI satya zodha-khoja ke liye 1. sAhitya (Literary). 2. bhRtatva- vidyA (Geoligical). 3. bhUgola (Geographical ) 4. purAtatva (Archaeological) 5. bhASAzAstra (Linguitic ) 6. itihAsika (Historical), 7. tarka (Logical) 8 tathA nIrtha yAtriyoM (Pilgrims ) ke pramANoM evaM tathyoM kI paramAvazyakatA hai| ataH hama yahAM para ina uparyukta tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara pramANikatA para pahuMcane kA prayAsa kreNge| 1. sAhityika ( LITERARY ) pramANa mukhyataH arddhamAgadhI bhASA ke prAcIna jainAgama AcArAMga, bhagavatI sUtra, sutrakRtAMga, kalpasUtra Adi bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI jo una ke mukhya ziSyoM - gaNoM ne pratyakSa suna kara saMkalita kara AgamarUpa meM guMthana kI hai, una meM jo lekha upalabdha haiM unameM satya pramANa milate haiN| kintu duHkha kI bAta hai ki vartamAna meM sarvaprathama pAzcimAtya DA. hamaNajekobI Adi itihAsa vettAoM ne tatpazcAt una kA mAnyatAoM ko vinA parIkSaNa kiye aneka bhAratIya jaina jainettara vidvAnoM ne bhI unakA anukaraNa karake bhramAtmaka bAteM svIkAra kara lI haiM aura unhIM ke AdhAra para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke

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atriyakaMDa viSaya meM nimna-kakSAoM kI pAThayapustako se lekara uccatama kamAnoM kI pAThyapamtakoM meM bhI vahI bhrAmaka bAteM likhI gayI haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM maja-itihAsakAroM ko jainoM ke dhArmika itihAsa graMthoM aura unakI pracalita parampagagata mAnyatAoM ke anusAra- niSpakSa zodhapUrNa dRSTi se dekhanA gitAMta Avazyaka thaa| vinA pUrNa anumaMdhAnoM ke prAmaka bAteM likhanA itihAsakAroM kI adarardAzaMtA ko hI prAmANita siddha karatA hai| yahAM para yaha bAta sarvakA akhaMDanIya hai ki vaizAlI, vasAr3ha, vAmukaMDa, koluA, koTigrAma, zAMtika Adi ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma ma kabhI nahIM kaha skte| zrI narezacaMdra miya 'bhaMjana' jo magadha janapada ke jamuI meM manana kSetra (atriyakuMDa ke nikaTa) ke nivAmI haiM- unakA kathana hai ki ayodhyA, janakapurI, daMDakapaMcavaTI, madhurA, vRndAvana, mithilA, kAzI Adi hajAroM varSoM meM eka hI nAma se vikhyAta haiM to kyA kAraNa hai ki kSatriyakaMDa, kollAga, kumAragrAma Adi ke nAma lagabhaga paccIma mau varSoM meM hI vAmakaMDa, vasAr3ha, kolaA ho gaye? isa kA kAraNa upasthita karane kA prayatna karane meM parva merA kathana hai ki yadi kSatriyakara aura usake mamIpa ke grAma, nagara jainiyoM ke prAcIna dhArmika graMtha AcArAMga, kalpasUtra Adi meM ullikhita grAma-nagara jinakA saMbaMdha.bhagavAna mahAvIra kevihArakrama meM ima kSatriyakaMDa nagara ke Ama-pAma prAcIna nAmoM se athavA kAladoSa ke kAraNa mAdhAraNa apabhraMza ke mAtha mila jAveM to bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi magadha janapada ke lacchuAr3a ke samIpa mAnane meM Apatti kyA aura kyoM hai? vaha kahate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma magadha janapada ke kSatriyakaMDa meM huA thA jo gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM thaa| isa sthAna ko Aja bhI zata-pratizata isa kSetra kI avAla-vRddha sthAnIya janatA'janmasthAna (janmathAna) ke nAma se jAnatI pahacAnatI hai| kinta isa ke vAstavika artha se DhAI hajAra varSoM ke lambe aMtarAla ke kAraNa maba anabhijJa haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yahAM eka prAcIna maMdira bhI hai| yaha sthAna muMgera jile ke aMtargata jamuI sabaDivijana ke lacchuAr3a nAma ke gAMva ke dakSiNa parvata zreNI ke dakSiNa pArzva meM avasthita hai| bAI hajAra varSa pahale takSazilA, kauzAmbI, zrAvastI, zvetAvikA bhoganagara, vaizAlI, rAjagRhI, nAlandA, campA, koTivarSa, Adi aneka nagara jo jainadharma ke kendrasthAna aura samRddha the Aja vahAM yaha samRddhi nahIM hai vaha vaibhava bhI nahIM hai| unheM koI jAnatA bhI nahIM hai| vahAM mAtra ujAr3a vIrAna TIle, dhvaMsacinha, khaMDahara athavA unake avazeSa rUpa meM base hae choTe-choTe mAvanajara Ate haiN|

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- - - - 11 - - -- AR - enscles m - areasure FORSEE -- HAIR L I. % 3c dAsI sogaIhA. ram panipommamannaam.........NAHM 3 devAnankA sorahI hai| - Yo - -- - data bAlakakA harakara lajA rahA - - -- - - brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbhame indra kAdatagabha harakara lajArahA hai|

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% 15 RT - tara 1rataya . . M . HTARNA . .devendra kA dRta mAtA trizlA ke gama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhrUNa ko sthApita karatA hai| dAsI sotI hai| rAnI trizalA motI hai| dRta garbha sthApita karane AyA hai|

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SH Y... ZZAMARRIER nandrANIke kaMDala 2 utArate hue.. . sandribhAga jAta - . . - 2 - ara M OVIE Filmy TAMIL GRANT - AURPRIL Uni - mAtA trizalA kI dohada kI pati kolA kSatriyakaMDake eka parvanapara pinA siddhArtha- gajA

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kSatriyakaMDa 53 vikrAla samaya ke prabhAva se kSatriyakuMDa kI bhI bAja yahI dazA hai| jise dekhakara hameM aisI kalpanA bhI nahIM ho sakatI ki eka samaya yaha vizAla samRddha rAjadhAnI nagara thaa| Aja isake cAroM ora choTe-choTe gAMva base hue haiN| jinakA vistAra dekhate hue aisA mAnanA par3atA hai ki usa kAla kA yaha vizAla kuMDapura mahAnagara vinAza pAyA hai aura usake sthAna para ina choTe-choTe gAMvoM ne janma liyA hai| yAni yaha gAMvoM kI vistAra bhUmi hI prAcIna kuMDapura (kSatriyakuMDa - brAhmaNakaMDa hai| jainAgama Avazyaka niryukti haribhadrIya vRtti pR. 378 meM gAMthA naM. 457 meM kahA hai ki (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva) puSpottara dervAvamAna se cyava (mRtyu pA ) kara brAhmaNakuMDagrAma nagara ke koDAlagotrIya brAhmaNa RSabhadatta kI bhAyA divAnandA brAhmaNI kI kukSI meM garbhatayA utpanna huA / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbhanata bhrUNa kA sthAnAMtaraNa AcArAMga sUtra TIkA pR. 388 meM kahA hai ki jambudvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM ....... dakSiNa brAhmaNakuMDa sanniveza se (devendra kA devadUta calakara ) uttara kSatriyakuMDapura sanniveza meM AyA aura jJAna kSatriyoM ke kAzyapagotrIya siddhArtha kSatriya kI bhAryA vAsiSTa gotrIyA trizalA kSatriyANi kI kakSI meM azabha padagaloM ko haTAkara zubhapudgaloM kA prakSepaNa karake (bhagavAna mahAvIra kA bhrUNa) una kI kukSI meM sthApana kiyA / 1. mahArAnI trizalA kA dohada bhagavAna mahAvIra jaba mAtA trizalA ke garbha meM the tava garbha ke prabhAva ga mAtA ko aneka uttama dohada (garbhastha vAnaka ke prabhAva se kucha pAne kI icchA) hone lge| unameM se eka dohada yaha bhI thA ki maiM indrANI ke kAnoM ke kahana rAjA siddhArtha dvArA lAye hue phnuuN| jaba indra ko ima bAta kA patA lagA taba usana kSatriyakuMDa ke nikaTa parvata para indrapura nAma kA nagara basAyA aura apanI iMdrANI. parivAra evaM bahuta devoM deviyoM ke sAtha yahAM Akara rahane lgaa| jaba rAjA siddhArtha ko isa bAta kA patA lagA to usa ne apane ina dvArA indra ko kahanA bhajA

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/ VIRN P . sUtikA ghara-- 7 R bharaaavas MAHELLAHUniwuuun tatus HER VIA bhagavAna mahAvIrake janmalenepara prabhukA janmotsava karane kelie 56 dikkamArikAeM mAtA trizalAke pAsa mRtikAgRha meM AtI hai| AkAza me deva dAbha bajA rahe haiN|

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214 ma AKO mAMca abhune laI A. R Kaat Abus. sUtikA ghara / ama maaaaamAh sa 1TU T MAAN AMRAPA - - MARRIALLERHIHINDI --- - - - - - IMAN ALI - - 4 . -- - --- 'prabha mahAvIrako devendra apane pAMca rUpa-karake meru parvata para lejArahA hai|

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w wwwwwxa ww sUtikA ghara - pritamaMgasa . wam ka 56 At - SHARE UNIYAM ImminLISHINDI. Lummm .... II.10.41 htrninnium himmuntainimmminine - BAR RAEEE IM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma honeke bAda devendra unheM meru parvatapara janmotsava manAkara mAtA ko vApisa saupane mAyA hai.

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kSatriyakuMDa 57 ki vaha apanI iMdrANI ke kAnoM ke kuMDala mahArAnI trizalA ko pahanAne ke liye de / indra ke inkAra karane para siddhArtha ne indra ko yuddha meM harAkara indrANI ke kuMDala utAra kara trizalA ko pahanAye aura usakA dohada pUrA kiyaa| * tatpazcAt indra apane sAtha lAye hue indrANI aura saba devoM deviyoM ke sAtha apane devaloka meM vApisa calA gyaa| jisa parvata para yaha ghaTanA huI usa parvata kA Aja bhI nAma sakka-sakkiyAnI prasiddha hai| yaha zabda ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpAMtara zukra-zakrANI hotA hai| zukra-indra aura zakrANI- indrANI ko kahate haiN| jaba trizalA ko siddhArtha dvArA iMdrANI ke kuMDala pahanAne kA dohada huA thA taba saudharmendra ne avadhijJAna dvArA jAnakara yaha sArI racanA racI aura rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha yuddha kiyA evaM vaha jAnabUjha kara parAjaya mAna kara vahAM se palAyana kara gyaa| taba siddhArtha ne indrANI ke kuMDala utArakara trizalA ko pahanAye aura usa kA dohada pUrA kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma IsApUrva 599 (vikrama pUrva 542) caitra zuklA trayodazI kI pUrva - rAtrI meM caMdra kI hastottarA (uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra ) ke sAtha yuti hone para kSatriyakuMDapuranagara meM bhagavAna vardhamAna mahAvIra kA janma huA / 30 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmotsava chappanadikkumAriyoM kA AnA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmotsava manAne kelie chappana dikkumAriyoM ke Asana calAyamAna hue| avadhijJAna se bhagavAna kA janma huA jAnakara rAtri ko sUtikAkarma karane kelie vahAM (janmasthAna meM) dikkumAriyAM aaiiN| ve isa prakAra se (1) ATha dikkumAriyAM adholoka se aayiiN| mAtA aura prabhu ko vaMdana namaskAra karake IzAna koNa meM eka prasUtighara banAyA tathA saMvartaka vAyu se bhUmi ko sApha kiyA / (AThoM ke nAma diye haiM) (2) ATha dikkumAriyAM urdhvaloka se aaii| mAtA-putra ko namaskAra karake sUtikAghara meM sugaMdhita jala aura puSpoM kI vRSTi kI evaM harSita hokara gItagAna karane lagIM. (AThoM ke nAma diye haiN| (3) ATha dikkumAriyAM rucaka dvIpa ke parvata kI pUrvadizA se AI aura mukha dekhane keliye prabhu ke sanmukha darpaNa rakhatI haiN| (AThoM ke nAma0) (4) ATha dikkumAriyAM parvata

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: bardhamAna khelane gaye 58 kI dakSiNa dizA se Akara svarNa kalazoM ko (sugaMdhita) jala se bharakara snAnaM karAne ke liye sanmukha khar3I rahatI haiM evaM gItagAna aura nATaka karatI haiN| (AThoM ke nAma0) (5) ATha dikkumAriyAM parvata kI pazcima dizA se Akara mAtAputra at namaskAra karake havA karane keliye hAthoM meM paMkhe letI haiN| (AThoM ke nAma) (6) ATha dikkumAriyAM parvata kI uttara dizA se Akara hAthoM meM caMvara lekara DholAtI haiN| (AThoM ke naam)| (7) mAtA putra ko namaskAra karake cAra dikkumAriyAM parvata kI vidizAoM se Akara hAthoM meM dIpaka le kara khar3I rahatI haiN| (cAroM ke nAma) (8) cAra dikkumAriyAM dvIpa kI vidizAoM se AtI haiM aura bhagavAna kI cAra aMgula nAla kATa kara dharatI meM gAr3a detI haiN| 34 (cAroM ke nAma diye gaye haiM) ataH yahAM parvata aura dvIpa (samatala bhUmi) se chappana dikkumAriyoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmotsava manAne keliye Ane kA spaSTa ullekha hai| kSatriyakuMDanagara ke samIpa Aja bhI vaha parvata jisa para se dikkumAriyAM mAtA trizalA ke pAsa prabhu kA janmotsava manAne AIM thIM, vidyamAna hai aura usa kA nAma Aja bhI feesrAnI prasiddha hai| jisakA artha hotA hai dikk+raanii| yAni trizalArAnI ke pAsa dikkumAriyoM ne upasthita hokara bar3I zraddhA aura bhakti se prabhu kA janamotsava manAyA thaa| isa se yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki trizalA sAmAnya kSatriyANI nahIM thI kintu rAnI thI aura siddhArtha usakA pati hone se avazya rAjA thaa| sAmAnya kSatriya umarAva nahIM thaa| 3-4 rAjakumAra vardhamAna ( mahAvIra ) kA khelane ko jAnA bAlyAvasthA meM vardhamAna ( mahAvIra ) apane bAla - sakhAoM ke sAtha khelane ge| vahA parvataghATI para AmalakI (AMvale ) ke per3a para eka bhayaMkara sarpa lipaTa kara muMhaphAr3e phuphakAra karane lgaa| aisA bhayaMkara dRzya dekhakara Darake mAre vahAM se saba bAlaka bhAga khar3e hue| para bardhamAna ne nirbhayatA pUrvaka usa sAMpa ko majabUta hAthoM se pakar3a kara dUra pheMka diyaa| yaha khela bhagavAna mahAvIra kA AmalikI kIr3A ke nAma se prasiddha hai| pazcAt saba bAlaka ikaTThe hokara geMda khelane lage isa meM bhI vardhamAna jiite| rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra kSatriyakuMDa meM parvataghATiyoM para prAya: geMda khelane jAyA karate the| geMda ko ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM 'kiMdua' kahate haiN| ataH ve donoM parvataghATiyAM jahAM kumAra vardhamAna khelane jAyA karate the Aja bhI unake nAma kiMduANi prasiddha hai| 35

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rAjakumAra vardhamAna apane vAlamitroM kesAtha parvatapara khelate haiN| vahAM AMvale ke vRkSa ke nikaTa khelatehue eka deva kumAra ko DarAne kelie AyA aneka rUpa dhAraNa kie| aMtameM mahAbhayaMkara sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake kumArako vicalita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| para kumArane use pakar3a kara dUra pheMka diyaa| hAra khAkara deva bhAgagayA isa khelako Agama me AmalakI krIr3A kahA hai|

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SS Pan IP-RRE bhagavAn dAna lA lenevAle lenevAle yAcaka WITPARTY SISA M AND RE GAMHES AWAR WIN r Sm SWIN RESNAL L .. VIRAL PM RON KKAULI DI AUR 11 ka TRI MAR -222222 RECE94. bhagavAna mahAvIra dIkSA leneme pahale yAcakoM ko varSIyadAna dete hue

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VARAN - bhagavAna mahAvIrakA pravacanambala-mamavamagNa tripakaMDa ke tIna pavaMtoMpara alaga-alaga mamavamaraNoM meM kramazaH 1. apane brAhmaNa-pitA-mAtA ko| 2. apane dAmAda jamAlIko 500 kSatriyoM kemaath| 3. patrI priyadarzanAko 1000 triyANiyoM kemASa dIkSAeM diiN| iaulae tInoM pavaMtoMkA nAma cakkaNaNI haa| avovVA VOVOvercom r ovovao ovDVOVOOR tIrthakara bhagavantoM ke Age calanevAle apttmNgl|

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kaha grAma meM dikSA 5-6-7 bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kaMDagrAma meM dIkSAeM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna prApti ke bAda kramazaH kaMDagrAma kI tIna parvataghATiyoM para dIkSAeM diiN| (1) apane brAhmaNa pitA RSabhadatta tathA vAhmaNI mAtA devAnandA ko eka parvataghATI para dIkSAeM dekara apane zipya vnaaye| (2) dUsarI bAra apane jamAtA jamAlI ko dUsarI parvataghATI para 500 gajapatoM ke mAtha dIkSAeM dekara apane ziSya banAye aura (3) tIsarI vAra tIsarI parvataghATI para apanI patrI priyadarzanA ko 1000 kSatriyANiyoM ke mAtha dIkSAeM dekara apanI zipyAeM bnaayiiN| ina tInoM pahAr3iyoM ke nAma Aja bhI cakkapANi prasiddha haiN| jisakA artha pANI+cakka-NANI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA zabda hai| jisakA artha 'jAnI hai| yAnI kevalajJAnI (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra) ne, cakka bhI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA zabda hai jima kA artha 'cakra' hotA hai yAnI dharmaprakAzakacakra athAMta kevalajJAnI tIrthakara mahAvIra ne ina nIna parvataghATiyoM para kramazaH tIna bAra padhAra aura dharmaprakAzaka cakramthala (mamavasaraNA) meM dIkSAe dekara dhamanIthaM ma vaddhi kii| nIna pahADiyoM ke nAma cakka-Ni hone meM spaSTa ho jAnA hai ki (1) brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA. (2) jamAlI Adiva (3) priyadarzanA Adi ko bhagavAna ne alaga-alaga samavasaraNo me dIkSAe dii| ana bhagavAna mahAvIra tIna bAra kaipagnagara meM pdhaare| imama yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki brAhmaNakaMDa aura kSatriyakaSTa (kaMDapagnagara) bahata baI nagara the| jo (1+1+ * +3-7) do kindaAnI aura tIna cakraNaNI jaise ki mAna pahAi-pahAr3iyA ma ghire hA the| eka makka yAnI, eka dikkaganI yahI gajA siddhAtha kI gajadhAnI thii| ina mAnoM ke nAmakaraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana-cayAM ke Aja bhI pratyakSa pramANa haiN| sthAnIya AvAla-baddha janatA Aja bhI ina pavanaghATiyoM ko inhIM nAmoM meM pahacAnatI hai| paranta kAlaprabhAva meM ina ke nAma par3ane kA kAraNa bhala cakaM haiN| ye mava pratyakSa pramANa siddha karatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna triyakaMDa yahI thaa| vaizAlI meM athavA kaDalapara meM eka bhI pahADa nahIM hai| isa kSetra keviSaya meM hama Age saba vistAra se vizlapaNa kNgge| pahale hama digambara saMpradAya tathA Adhunika vaizAlI zodhakartAoM kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI mAnyatAoM para vicAra kreNge| 1 hama likha Aye haiM ki inakI prAcIna mAnyatA magadha janapada antaragata nAladA meM do mIla kI darga para kaDalapara (vaDagAMva ) ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke.

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kSatriyakuMDa 63 * janmasthAna kI hai| aisA mAnakara hI yahAM una logoM ne digambara maMdiroM kI sthApanAeM kii| Aja taka ye loga ise hI janmasthAna mAnakara vahAM yAtrA - darzana-pUjA-arcanA ke liye jAte rahe haiN| vartamAna meM digambara muni aura gRhastha vidvAna sva0 kAmatAprasAda aura sva. DA. hIrAlAla jaina Adi kuMDalapura ko janmasthAna mAnane meM bhUla svIkAra kara cuke haiN| ve kahate haiM ki hama digambara jainoM ne purAtatva aura "aitihAsika pramANoM ke adhAra para nahIM kevala kuMDapura ke nAma sAmya se tathA bhrAMta janazrutiyoM ke AdhAra para kuMDalapura meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI sthApanA kara dI thI / ' vAstava meM aitihAsika dRSTi se vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| (2) aba inakI nayI mAnyatA vaizAlI kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna mAnane para vicAra kareM (ka) digambara vidvAna sva. kAmanAprasAda apanI pustaka bhagavAna mahAvIra pR. 55 meM likhatA hai ki "zobhe dakSiNa diza guNamAla, mahAvideha deza rsaal| tAke madhya nAbhiyata jAna kuMDalapura nagarI sukhadhAma / / 1 / / isa padya meM kaMDalapa nagara ko mahAvideha meM kahA gayA hai| (kha) sva. DA. hIrAlAla likhate haiM (1) digambara puSpadaMta kRta mahAprANa meM kahA hai ki "jambudvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM sthita kuMDapara ke rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI priyakAriNI (trizalA ) ke yahAM caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma hogaa|" isa se itanA to spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna kA janmasthAna kaDapara hai| para kauna se janapada meM hai, isa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| (2) digambara pUjyapAdasvAmI kRta nirvANarbhAkta meM kahA hai ki- "rAjA siddhArtha ke patra mahAvIra kA janma bhAratavarSa ke videha kaMDapura meM huA / " isa padya meM kuMDalapura nagara ko mahAvideha meM kahA hai| (kha) DA. hIrAlAla jaina kahate hai ki ( 3 ) digambara jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM kahA hai ki "jambudvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM vizAla vikhyAta aura svarga ke samAna videha deza meM kuMDapura nAma kA nagara aisA zobhAyamAna dikhAI detA hai mAno vaha jala kA kuMDa hI ho tathA jo indra ke sahasra netra kI paMkti rUpI kamala me maMDita haiN| ""

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64 . digambara kI janmAdhAna kI mAnyatA (4)digambara gaNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa meM kahA hai ki- "imI bharatakSetra ke videha nAma ke deza meM kaMDapara ke rAjA ke bhavana meM vamadhArA kI vRSTi hii| 40 uparyukta naM. ka meM kaMDalapura nagara ko mahAvideha meM kahA hai| kinta yahAM na to bhAratavarSa ke videha janapada kA saMketa hai aura na hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma ma kaMDapara kA hI ullekha hai| yahAM to mAtra kaMDalapara ko mahAvideha kSetra meM kahA hai jo ki jainabhagola ke anasAra 15 karmamiyAM mAnI haiN| 5 bharata, 5. airAvata aura 5. mahAvideha jo ki (eka mahAvideha, eka bharata aura eka airAvata jambUdvIpa meM haiN| ye tInoM do-do ghAtakIkhaMDadvIpa meM haiM aura ye tInoM do-do AdhA paSkagvaradvIpa meM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma jambadvIpa ke bhagnakSetra meM haA thaa| paranta mahAvidaha bhagtakSetra ke bhArata meM nahIM haA thaa| jambadvIpa meM jo mahAvideha hai vaha bharatakSetra ke bhArata meM nahIM hai| vaha jambadvIpa ke madhya meM hai aura vaha bharatakSetra meM bahata dara vidyamAna hai| jo isa bhagtakSetra kI padizA meM hai| na ki dakSirNAdazA me| ryAda isa mahAvideha meM koI kaMDapara athavA kaMDalapara hai to vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| ataH yaha lekhaka kI korga kalpanA mAtra hai| zvetAmbara-digambara donoM kI mAnyatA hai ki pAMcI mahAvidahoM meM vartamAnakAla meM kala milAkara bIma nIrthakara vidyamAna haiN| jarvAka bharatakSetra meM vartamAna meM eka bhI tIrthakara nahIM hai| ataH isa pramANa me vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAna lenA ekadama acina hai| zvetAmbara-digambara donoM ke sAhitya meM mahAvidaha kaliye videha zabda kA bhI prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| digambara mAhitya meM una pAcoM mahAvidahoM meM vidyamAna vIma nIthaMkaroM kI mamkRta bhASA meM gacata pajAoM meM videha zabda kA prayoga mahAvideha keliye haA hai jisakA artha hai1- jambadvIpa, ghAnakIkhaNDadvIpa pAkagadvaMdvIpa meM pAMca videha haiN| pratyeka videha meM cAra-cAra tIrthakara vidyamAna hai| una pratyeka tIrthakara kI maiM pajA karanA ho| : maiM mImaMdhara jinendra ko namaskAra karatA huuN| da:kha kA damana karane vAle yagadhara mvAmI ko namaskAra karatA hai| vAha aura sabAha mvAmI ko namaskAra karatA hai| cAgeM nIrthaMkara jamvadvIpa ke videha meM vidyamAna hai (aura mokSa nirvANa prApta kreNge| yahAM pAMcoM videhoM ke vIma tathA jambUdvIpa ke viveha ke mamiMdhara Adi cAra tIrthakara isa samaya jo vidyamAna haiM una kI pUjA meM mahAvideha ke sthAna para videha zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai|

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kSatriyakaMDa uparyukta naM. kha meM jo sva0 digambara DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne uddharaNa diye haiN| una meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlI meM janmasthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| naM.1 meM kaMDapara kisa janapada meM thA na to isa kA koI ullekha hai aura nahIM vaizAlI kA saMketa hai| ___ na. 2, 3 aura 4 meM videha kaMDapura kA ullekha to hai, para vaizAlI kA nAma nirdeza nahIM hai| digambara AcAryapuSpadaMtakRta mahApurANa meM vaizAlI ko sindhu janapada meM mAnA hai| yathA "sindhuvasaI bahasAlIpura vIra" arthAna- vaizAlI mindha janapada meM hai| 2. digambara maMskRta uttarapugaNa meM kahA hai"sindhyAkhya bhUbhRd vizAlI ngre'bhvt| ceTala khyAtosti vikhyAto vibhIta prmaarhtH||" arthAta- mindhu janapada meM vaizAlI nAma kI nagarI thii| vahAM ativikhyAta paramAhana (paramajaina) vinIta ceTaka gajA thA 1. uparyukta donoM uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki digambaroM ne ceTaka kI vaizAlI nagarI mindhadeza (vartamAna pAkistAna) meM mAnI hai| joki itihAsa aura bhUgola me ekadama nirAdhAra hai| 2. kuMDapura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA rAjA siddhArtha kI gajadhAnI videha janapada meM thI jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thA yaha bhI ekadama nigadhAra hai| kyoMki aisA ullekha anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| ataHjina uparyukta uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para vartamAna digambara vidvAnoM ne videha janapada kI vaizAlI nagarI ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnakara yahAM apane naye tIrtha kI sthApanA kI hai kitanI nirAdhAra aura hAsyAspada hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki digambaramata ke anusAra bhI jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra ke bhAratavarSa meM videha janapada kI gajadhAnI vaizAlI ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnanA ekadama bhAmaka hai aura yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ina kI prAcIna mAnyatA-magadha janapada meM nAlaMdA ke nikaTa kaMDalapara ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnanA inhI ke zAstra pramANoM se ekadama apramANika siddha hotA hai| 3. barddhamAgadhI jainAgamoM (zvetAmbara jainoM dvArA mAnya) meM yaha kahIM bhI nirdiSTa nahIM hai ki kaMDapura viveha janapada meM thaa| paranta jina digambara purANoM aura kathA-caritra-graMthoM ke upayukta

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66 aitihAsakAge kI prAta mAnyatAe pramANa diye gaye haiM ve saba vikrama kI navIM se paMdrahavIM zatI ke AcAryoM-vidvAnoM dvArA likhe gaye haiN| Azcarya kI bAta to yaha hai ki jinheM bhUgola kA bhI jJAna nahIM thA inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAmA (digambaramaMta se nAnA) rAjA ceTaka ko sindhadeza kI vaizAlI kA likhA hai ataH bhagavAna kI mAtA trizalArAnI sindhadeza kI beTI aura mahAvIra sindhadeza ke dohitra the, aisA pramANita karake apanI ajJAnatA kA pradarzana hI kiyA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki na to bhatakAla meM na vartamAna kAla meM sindhadeza meM vaizAlI nAma kI nagarI kA itihAsa pastakoM meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura na hI samasta aitihAsika, bhaugolika ullekhoM aura ghaTanAoM se isakI saMgati baiTha sakatI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM sindhu-sauvIra janapada meM paramAharta mahArAjA udAyaNa kA rAjya thA jo videha janapada kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ke mahArAjA ceTaka kA dAmAda thaa| jisane bhagavAna mahAvIra se muni dIkSA lekara kevalajJAna prApta kara nirvANa prApta kiyA thaa| ataH ceTaka yahAM kA nivAsI nahI thaa| yadi ceTaka kA ullekha videha meM kiyA gayA hai to 2500 varSoM taka ve loga anabhijJa kaise raha gaye the aura nAlaMdA ke nikaTa baDagAMva ke kaMDalapara ko mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kyoM mAnate rahe? ina logoM ne apanI isa arvAcIna mAnyatA ko satya siddha karane keliye jaina zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya arddhamAgadhI ke prAcIna Agama sAhitya ke jo pramANa diye haiM, una ke vAstavika arthoM ke manamAne artha karake kitanA anacita kiyA hai| isakA vivecana hama Adhunika pAzcimAtya evaM bhAratIya vidvAno ke janmasthAna kI mAnyatA meM Age kreNge| 3. kucha Adhunika pAzcimAtya evaM bhAratIya itihAsakAroM kI prAMta mAnyatAeM hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki DA. harmana jaikobI ne koTigrAma DA. hAnale, ne kollAga, paM. kalyANavijaya ne vasAr3ha ko aura AcArya vijayendra sUri ne vAsukaMDa, athavA AMtika, athavA vaizAlI aura koTigrAma ke madhya meM koI sthAna ko jo vaizAlI ke antargata bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnA hai| yaha bAta bhI -dhyAnIya hai ki ina cAroM kI janmasthAna kI mAnyatA meM mataikatA nahIM hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| 1. ina kI mAnyatAoM ko AdhAra mAnakara katipaya bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI ina meM se kisI eka sthAna ko mahAvIra bhagavAna kA janmasthAna svIkAra karaliyA

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triyakaDa hai| para inameM bhI mataikatA nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ina logoM ne gaMbhIratA se nirNaya na lekara mAtra aTakalapaccI se kAma liyA hai| 2. DA. jaikobI, DA. hAnale ne jainazAstroM kI vivecanA karate hue kucha prAMta dhAraNAoM kI sthApanAeM kI haiN| DA. hAnale ke matAnusAra vANIyaggAma (vANijyagrAma) vaizAlI kA dUsarA nAma thA, yAni vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ko eka mAnA hai| ataH vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna thaa|43 3. DA. jaikobI ne I. ma. 1930 meM eka lekha likhA thA, jisameM vaizAlI, vANijyagrAma aura kaMDagrAma kA samUha hI vaizAlI thaa| kaMDagrAma ke nikaTa kollAga eka mohallA thA aimA ullekha kiyA hai| " ina prAMta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA 1.triSTi zalAkApuruSa caritra meM bhagavAna ke vaizAlI se vANijya grAma kI ora jAne kA ullekha hai| isa me spaSTa hai ki ye donoM prathaka-pRthaka the| 45 yAni vaizAlI me vihAra karake bhagavAna nAva dvArA vANijyagrAma kI ora gaye aura rAste meM unheM 'gaMDakI nadI ko pAra karanA pdd'aa| ataH vaizAlI aura (vANijyagrAma ke bIca meM pAnI me bharI huI gaMDakI nadI thii| yaha itihAsa-prasiddha bAta hai| isaliye dono nagara alaga-alaga the| eka gaMDakI nadI ke parvItaTa para tathA dasarA pazcimItaTa para thaa| iliye yaha spaSTa hai ki vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma eka nahIM the| para ye donoM the videha janapada meM hii| 2. zAstroM meM kSatriyakaMDa ke pAsa gaMDakI nadI athavA isa ke taTa para kaMDapara athavA kSatriyakaMDa hone kA eka ullekha bhI nahIM miltaa| isaliye kSatriyakaMDa ke pAma gaMDakI nadI thI yaha bhI sapramANa nahIM hai| isaliye mAnanA cAhiye ki vaizAlI aura kaMDagrAmaka nahIM the| ataH vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| 3. ataH vaizAlI, kaMDagrAma evaM vANijyagrAma eka nahIM ho skte| kyoMki inheM eka mAna lene kA koI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| kollAga vaizAlI kA mohallA nahIM thaa| vaizAlI gaMDakI nadI ke parvItaTa para thA, vANijyagrAma pazcimItaTa para thaa| yahAM se uttara-pazcima-koNa meM kollAga gAMva thaa| jainazAstroM meM kollAga cAra kahe haiN| yathA (1) videha ke vANijyagrAma ke nikaTa kollaag| 46 (2) kSatriyakuMDa ke pAsa kollAgA (3) rAjagRhI ke pAsa kollAga aura4 (4) campA ke pAsa kollaag| (ye cAroM alaga-alaga janapadoM

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68 aMta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA meM haiN| Aja bhI eka nAma ke nagara, gAMva Adi alaga alaga janapadoM meM vidyamAna pAye jAte haiN| (ka) jaise ki kazmIra kI rAjadhAnI zrInagara hai aura himAcala pradeza meM bhI zrInagara nAma kA eka nagara hai| ye donoM himAlaya parvata para haiN| (kha) gujarAta janapada meM kAlola ke nikaTa bIjApura nagara hai aura mahArASTra meM bhI bIjApura eka nagara hai (ga) madhyapradezo meM nAgapura nagara hai aura uttarapradeza meM hastinApura kA eka prAcIna nAma nAgapura thaa| (gha) gujarAta eka janapada hai aura paMjAba (pAkistAna) meM gujarAta nAma kA nagara hai| (i) paMjAba (pAkistAna) meM lAhaura ke nikaTa zAhadarA nAma kA nagara hai aura dillI kA eka upanagara bhI zAhadarA hai isaliye samajhadArI yahI hai ki eka nAma ke nagaroM meM kisI eka kI avasthiti kA bhaugolika, aitihAsika paridhi ke anusAra hI nirNaya kiyA jAve tabhI satya ko jAnanA saMbhava hai| 4. DA. hArnale ne kollAga ke nikaTa eka duipalAsacaitya udyAna batalAyA hai aura usapara NAyakala (jAtakala) kA adhikAra batalAyA hai| DA. mahodaya ke vicAra se magadhajanapada meM gAyavaMbakhaMDa ujANa aura duipalAsacaityaujz2ANa eka hI hai| DA. mahodaya ne jainagaMca ke pramANa diye haiN| una graMtha ke anusAra duipalAsaubApa to videha bavAna baSiyanAma ke uttara meM thA aura NAmakhaMDavaNaujANa magadha janapada meM lacchavAr3a ke kSatriyakaMDa nagara ke bAhira thaa| isaliye donoM eka nahIM ho skte| vipAkasUtra meM videha janapada meM vANijyagrAma kI uttara-pazcima dizA meM dUhapalAsacaitya nAma kA udyAna thA aura kalpasUtra kI subodhikA TIkA meM varNana hai ki "bhagavAna mahAvIra kuMDapura (kSatriyakuMDa) ke madhya meM hote hue (dIkSA lene ke liye) nikale aura nikalakara nAtakhaMDa udyAna meM zreSTha bazokavRkSa ke pAsa ge| ina donoM uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki uparyukta donoM udyAna bhinna-bhinna the| eka videha meM aura dUsarA magadha meN| 5. DA. hAnale baura ba.baikobI ye donoM hI siddhArtha ko rAjA na mAnakara eka sAmAnya umarAva saradAra mAnate haiN| una kA vicAra hai ki do eka sthAnoM ke sivAya-graMthoM meM siddhArtha ke sAtha kSatriya zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai parantu . usake viparIta jainagraMthoM meM na kevala siddhArtha ko rAjA hI kahA gayA hai parantu usake adhInastha senA ke 20 prakAra ke anya karmacAriyoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai| kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki 1.sikhatveSa raayo| 2 arthAt siddhArtha raajaa| 2. teema se siratve vApisamAtiyApIe arthAt- vaha siddhArtha rAjA aura trizalA kSatriyAnI ina donoM uddharaNoM meM siddhArtha ko rAjA batalAyA hai|

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kSatriyakuMDa Age calakara sUtra 62 meM likhA hai ki rAjA siddhArtha zreSTha kalpavRkSa ke samAna mukaTa, alaMkAra, chatra, sapheda cAdara bAdi se alaMkRta narendra the| prAcIna sAhitya meM kreMndra kA prayoga rAjAoM keliye huA hai| usa siddhArtha ke adhInastha nimnalikhita adhikArI the| 1. gaNanAyaka 2. daMDanAyaka 3. yuvarAja 4. talavara 5. mADambika 6. kauTumbika 7. maMtrI 8. mahAmaMtrI 9. gaNaka 10. dauvArika 11. amAtya 12. ceTa 13: pIThamarddhaka 14. nAgara 15. nigama 16. zreSThi 17. senApati 18. sArthavAha 19. dUta 20 saMdhipAla yadi siddhArtha kevala umarAva hote to usa ke liye zreSThi zabda kA prayoga hotA na ki nareMdra athavA rAjA kaa| kSatriya zabda kA artha sAdhAraNa kSatriya ke atirikta rAjA bhI hotA hai| aisA abhidhAna - ciMtAmaNi koza meM kahA hai| ataH siddha hai ki kSatriya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga rAjA ke liye bhI hotA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra saTIka 55 meM bhI kSatriya zabda kA prayoga mahAsena rAjA keliye huA hai| isapara TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki caMdraprabhasya mahAsena kSatriya rAjA / ' spaSTa hai ki prAcIna paramparA meM rAjA ke sthAna para graMthakAra kSatriya zabda kA bhI prayoga karate the| hamAre isa mata kI puSTi TAimsa ina aiMzeTa iMDiyA meM DA. vimalacaraNa lA ne bhI kI hai 33 "pUrvamImAMsA sUtra dvitIya bhAga TIkA meM zaMkarasvAmI ne likhA hai ki rAjA tathA kSatriya zabda samAnArthaka haiN| TIkAkAra ke samaya meM bhI AMdhrapradeza ke loga kSatriya zabda kA rAjA keliye prayoga karate the| niriyAvaliAo sUtra 6 (pR. 27) ke anusAra- vAjjigaNataMtra kA dhyakSa mahArAjA ceTaka thA / una kI sahAyatA ke liye saMgha meM se nau licchiviyoM aura nau malloM ko gaNataMtra kA zAsana calAne ke liye cuna liyA jAtA thaa| ve sva-gaNa rAjA kahalAte the| bauddha jAtakoM ke anusAra isa gaNasaMgha ke 7707 sadasya the jo rAjA kahalAte the / una pratyeka ke adhIna eka uparAjA, menApati, bhAMDAgArika ( sTorakIpara saMgrahakAra) bhI the / 56 ceTaka ke gaNarAjya kI kAuMsila nau licchaviyoM aura nau mallAM (18 ) gaNarAjAoM kI thii| ina pratyeka gaNarAjA kI apanI-apanI caturaMganI manA thii| jo mahArAjA ceTaka kI senA ke barAbara thii| jaba ajAtazatra (kaNika) ne vaizAlI para AkramaNa kiyA taba yahA ke bajbI gaNarAjya ke zAsaka ceTaka ne apanI kAuMsala ke 18 gaNarAjAoM kI sAmUhika senAoM aura apanI senA ko

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bhAna mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA sAtha meM apane gaNataMtra rAjya kI rakSA ke liye 12 varSoM taka kaMTakazilA mahApralayaMkArI yuddha kiyaa| isa se spaSTa hai ki ceTaka uma-navoM kA netA nahIM thaa| usakI kAuMsala umarAvoM kI nahIM thii| vaha 18 mukaTabaddha rAjAoM kI thii| usa kAuMsala kA pradhAna ceTaka thaa| ataH vaha rAjAoM kA bhI rAjA-mahArAjA thaa| aura vaha vratadhArI dRr3ha jainadharmI paramArhata jainazrAvaka thaa| isakA vizeSa vivaraNa hama vaizAlI ke pariziSTa meM kreNge| ___ rAjA siddhArtha kisI bhI gaNataMtra rAjya meM zAmila nahIM thA. bala eka svataMtra sattAdhArI rAjA thA aura usa kI rAjadhAnI magadha janapada meM kaMDapura mahAnagara thii| vaha umarAva nahIM thA parantu samRddhizAlI rAjya kA svAmI thA aura isakA sArA parivAra custa dRr3ha jainadharmI thaa| jaba rAjA siddhArtha ke yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA taba usane bandhIkhAnoM (jeloM) se kaidiyoM ko mukta kara diyA thaa| kalpasatra meM kahA hai ki dhana, dhAnya, gajya, ratha, senA, vAhana, koSa, koThAra, nagara, antaHpara tathA yaza Adi se uttarottara vRddhi hone lgii| 57 svarNa, prIti, matkAra dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lageM tathA sAmaMta aura rAjA vaza meM hone lge| ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA lene se eka varSa pahale gRhasthAvasthA meM dAna denA zarU kiyaa| pUre varSa meM unhIM ne tIna araba aTThAsI karor3a assI lAkha (3880000000)monaiyoM (sone ke sikkoM) ke mUlya kI saba vastuoM ko dAna meM diyaa| yadi siddhArtha sAdhAraNa umarAva yA saradAra hotA yA eka muhalle kA netA hotA to na usake jelakhAne hote, na senA hotI aura na usake rAjadarabArI hote| na itanI Rddhi-samRddhi hotI tathA na itane ThATha-bATha se bhagavAna kA janma mahotsava manAyA jAtA aura na mahAvIra itanI dhanarAzi se varSIdAna kara paate| ata uparyakta vivaraNa se mAnanA par3atA hai ki siddhArtha eka bar3e samRddha-rAjya ke eksattAka mvAmI zaktizAlI rAjA the| aba hama isa bAta kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kareMge ki rAjA siddhArtha aura rAnI trizalA keliye zAstra meM adhikatara kSatriya kSatriyANI zabda kA prayoga kyoM kiyA gayA hai, rAjA-rAnI kA prayoga kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA? isa kA sulAsA yaha hai ki Avazyaka niyakti kI TIkA meM kahA hai ki mahAvIra Adi pAMca tIrthaMkaroM ne gajakla meM, vizaddha vaMza meM, aura kSatriyakala meM janma liyaa| kaI rAjA kSatriya kla me janma nahIM lete- jaise nanda rAjA kA janma aadi| isaliye yahAM bhapiyakla aura rAjakla bhI kahA hai|

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triyakaMDa yaha bAta dhyAnIya hai ki kSatriyakula ke rAjavaMzIya rAjakumAra meM hI tIrthakara banane kI yogyatA aura sAmarthya hotA hai| uttama kula, jAti, khAnadAna ke uttama saMskAroM kA janma se hI uttama prabhAva rahatA hai| isaliye prathama tIrthakara RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka saba kSatriya rAjakula ke hI sapUta the| punaH kahate haiM ki "kSatriyavaMzavinA'pi rAjakulAni sparityAha ksstriykultvrit|" arthAt kSatriyakula ke binA bhI rAjakula hote haiN| (yathA-brAhmaNa, vaizya, zadra kaloM ke bhI rAjA hote haiN|) isaliye yahAM kSatriyakala kahA hai| yAni kSatriya rAjA siddhArtha aura kSatriyANi rAnI trishlaa| 7. DA. hAnale kA mata hai ki kollAga sanniveza bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna thaa| yaha videha janapada kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI kA eka mohallA thaa| kollAga vaizAlI kA mohallA hone se vaizAlI meM hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnA jaaegaa| hama likha Aye haiM ki videha kA kollAga aura vaizAlI donoM alaga-alaga nagara the| vaizAlI gaMDakI nadI ke pUrvItaTa para thii| aura kollAga evaM vANijyagrAma gaMDakI nadI ke pazcimItaTa para the| zAstroM ke pramANa dekara hama yaha bhI spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi na to kollAga thI na vaizAlI, parantu magadha janapada meM jamuI sabaDivijana meM lacchaAr3a ke nikaTa kuMDalapura nagara (kSatriyakuMDa) meM thii| yahAM bhagavAna ne 30 varSa kI Ayu naka gRhastha jIvana bitAyA thaa| isa nagara ke bAhara NAyakhaMDavaNaujjANa meM bhagavAna ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| dIkSA lene ke bAda usI dina yahAM me sthalamArga meM ve kumAragrAma pahuMce evaM rAta vahIM vyatIta kii| agale dina prAtaHkAla yahAM meM kollAga sanniveza gye| yahAM bahula brAhmaNa ke ghara unhoMne chaTha (do upavAma) tapa kA pAraNA khIra se kiyaa| zAstra meM kahA hai ki khaMDavaNaudyAna meM dIkSA lene ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra vihAra karake kumAragrama gye| vahAM jAne keliye do gamte the- eka jalamArga, damaga sthlmaarg| bhagavAna sthalamArga se gaye taba dina kA eka muhUrta (48 minaTa) zeSa thA159 8. jekobI kA mata hai ki jainagraMthoM meM trizalA mAnA ko marvatra bhatriyANa rUpa meM likhA gayA hai devI rUpa meM nhiiN| hama Upara likha Aya haiM ki kozakAgaM aura TIkAkAroM ne kSatriya zabda kA artha gajA bhI kiyA hai| usI ke anamAra

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bhAMta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA atrivANI kA artha rAnI bhI hotA hai aura devI bhI hotA hai| sAmAnyataH bhAratIya rAba prayoga kI paramparA yaha hai ki kSatriyavaMza se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa nAma ke pIche panaH punaH kSatriya zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jaataa| parantu yadi abhiyavaMza se saMbodhita hone para jaba koI vIrocita kArya karatA hai athavA rASakala se saMbodhita hotA hai to kahA jAtA hai ki kSatriya hI aisA hI ho! yaha usake prati. sammAna prakaTa karane keliye kSatriya zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jaina graMthoM meM kitane hI sthAnoM para trizalA mAtA keliye devI zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| digambara pUjyapAda kRta dazabhakti meM yaha pakti isa prakAra hai (ka) devyA priyakAriNyAM susvapnAna sNprdrshy|| (kha) dadhAra vizalAdevI muditA grbhmdbhutm||33|| (ga) upasRtyAMgato devyAzcAsvAmikAM do||34|| (gha) devyA pAzrve ca bhagavanpratirUpaM nidhAya sH||55|| (Da) uvAca trizalAdevI sadane kssmstvaagmH||141|| (ca) tassa ghare taM sahAra tisalA-davI kucchasi / / 11 / / (cha) siddhatyo ya nariMdo tisalA devI rAyato o ya / / 68 / / (nemicaMdra mahAvIra caritra) trizalA mAtA ke nAma ke sAtha sAta saMdarbho meM deva zabda kA prayoga yahAM para diyA hI hai| khoja karane se bahuta kucha aura bhI mila sakatA hai| ataH trizalA-rAnI avazya thii| aba saMdeha ko koI avakAza nahIM rhaa| 9. DA, hAnale ne sanniveza kA artha mohallA likhA hai aura DA. jaikovI ne isa kA artha par3Ava likhA hai| donoM ne hI isa kA artha bhrAmaka kiyA hai| kyoMki sanniveza ke .jahAM bahuta se artha haiM vahAM eka artha nagara bhI hai- (pAiya. saha-mahaNNavo koza pR. 1054) meM sanniveza ke nimna artha kiye haiN| (ka) 1- nagara ke bAhara kA prdesh| 2. gAMva-nagara Adi sthl| 3. yAtriyoM kA dderaa| 4. grAma-nagara aadi| 5. racanA aadi| (kha) bhagavatisatra saTIka prathama khaMDa pR.85 meM sanniveza kA nimna artha kiyA haiN| sannivezoghoSAdi eSAM dvandva satatsati athavA prAmAvo ye sannivezasti tathA tess|| (ga) nizItharNimeM sanniveza kA artha diyA hai kisatyavAsaNa thANaM sanniveso gAme vA pIDito sanniveTo jattAgato vA loge manniveTo so sannivesaM pnnnnte|| abhidhAna rAjendra bhAga 7

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73 atriyakaMDa (gha) bRhatkalpasUtra vibhAga 2 patra 242-45 meM likhA hai ki nivezo nAma yatra sArthavA vasitaH Adi grahaNena grAme vA anyatra prasthitAH san yatrAnte vAsamadyivasti yAtriyo 'vAgato loke| yatra adhiSThati eSa sarve'pi niveza ucyte|| 10 paTela gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI dvArA saMpAdita-zrI mahAvIra kathA pR. 79. se 85 meM (1) DA. hArnale ke AdhAra para rAjA siddhArtha ko sAmAnya kSatriya batalAte hue bhI una ke rAjatva ko svIkAra kara liyA hai (pR. 79) (2) isI prakAra videha, mithilA, vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ko eka mAna liyA hai isakA prativAda hama pahale kara cuke haiM ki ye saba nagara alaga alaga the| (3) pR.81 para kula kA artha ghara kiyA hai| kula kA artha gharAnA hotA hai ghara nahIM (4)pR.289 meM Ananda zrAvaka ko jJAtRkala kA likhA hai| jo ki nitAMta prAmaka hai| Ananda kauTumbika thA na ki jnyaatRk| binA Age-pIche kA vicAra kiye likhane se aisI bhaleM paga-paga para honA saMbhava hai| 11. uvAsagasAo Agama meM prayukta 'ucca-nIca-majima kulAI ke AdhAra para DA. hArnale ne vANijyagrAma ke tIna vibhAga karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa prakAra dalva ke Aye vaizAlI varNana ke sAtha usakA mela baiThAne kA prayatna karake vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ko eka banAne kI ceSTA kI hai| jaise sAdhaoM keliye niyama hai ki sAdha kahIM bhI grAma, nagara, sanniveza yA karvaTa Adi meM bhikSArtha jaave| vahAM binA varNa aura varga vibheda ke UMca, nIca aura madhyama sabhI vargoM meM bhikSA grahaNa karane se jisa prakaraNa ko DA. mahodaya ne uddhata kiyA hai, vahAM bhI bhagavAna ne gautama svAmI ko bhikSA keliye anujJA dete hue UMca, nIca aura madhyama sabhI vargoM meM bhikSA karane kA Adeza diyA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra (haribhadrIya TIkA patra 163 meM sAdhu keliye nirdeza hai ki "gocaraH madhyamAdhamocca-kulebva raktAdviSTasya bhikssaattnm|| isaliye ise apanI mAnyatA ko puSTa karane keliye DA. mahodaya kA prayatna vyartha hai| Agama aMtagaDhadasAoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna ne pulAsapura dvArikAdi meM UMca, nIca, madhyama kuloM meM bhikSA grahaNa karane kA Adeza diyA hai| aisA hI varNana bhagavatIsatra Adi anya AgamoM meM bhI Aye haiN| ataH ise vaizAlI ke prakaraNa meM kaise jor3A jA sakatA hai? 12. DA. jekovI ne koTigrAma aura hArnale ne kollAga, vasukaMDa Adi ko dhvanAtmakasAmya ke AdhAra para kuMDagrAma se milAyA hai| kintu jainasUtroM meM kaMDagrAma kA bojamUtroM ke koTigrAma meM rUpAMtaraNa kisI bhI yukti se saMbhava nahIM

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74 bhAMta mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA hai| kuMDa athavA koTi sarvathA bhinna haiN| koTa se koTi kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai| puMDravardhanamukti meM koTivarSa nAmaka sthAna kA vikAsa usake prAcIna nAma devIkoTa koTa se huA thaa| saMbhava hai ki vaizAlI ke isa dakSiNa sImAMta para koI koTa yA kilA rahA ho jisase koTigrAma nAma kA vikAsa huA ho| kintu kuMDa se to isakI koI saMgati sthApita nahIM hotI / brAhmaNakuMDa aura vAsukuMDa meM bhI kevala kuMDa zabda kI samAnatA haiN| anyathA brAhmaNa aura vasu sarvathA bhinna zabda haiN| brAhmaNa kA eka prAkRta rUpa 'mAhaNa' jainasUtroM meM milatA hai aura dUsarA prAkRta rUpa bamana Adi azoka ke zilA lekhoM meM milatA hai| ye donoM prAkRta rUpa bihAra rAjya ke kucha brAhmaNa grAmoM ke 'mAhanA aura bamanagAmA' jaise Aja bhI magadha janapada ke lacchuAr3a ke Asa-pAsa vidyamAna haiN| ataH brAhmaNakuMDa se vAmakuMDa kA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA / vAso kA vAsava yA basu kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra brAhmaNakuMDagrAma athavA kSatriyakuMDagrAma kA isase koI saMbaMdha nAma ke adhAra para nahIM bana pAtA hai| bhUgola kI dRSTi se bhI koTigrAma vaizAlI kA eka mohallA nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jaba baddha apanI aMtima yAtrA meM ambapAlikA udyAna se vaizAlI ko jA rahe the to rAste meM ambapAlikA, nAlaMdA, pATalIgrAma, koTigrAma, nAMdikA, vaizAlI ye nagara Aye the| isaliye saba nagara-grAma alaga alaga the| evaM koTigrAma se vaizAlI tIsarA nagara thA / 60 13. itihAsakAroM ne jina prAcyavidoM ke matoM ko pramANika mAnakara vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmabhUmi mAna liyA hai| una meM bhI vaizAlI meM kuMDagrAma kI pahacAna ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda hai, eka mata nahIM hai / (1) bisaMTasmitha ne basukuMDa ko brAhmaNakuMDagrAma mAnA hai| kSatriyakuMDagrAma keliye vaha ekadama mauna hai| saMbhava hai ki kSatriyakuMDagrAma ke saMbaMdha meM vaha jekobI ke mata se sahamata ho / lekina bauddhasUtroM ke koTigrAma, nAdikA aura Adhunika vasukuMDa (prAcIna nAma vAsokaMDa) kI bhaugolika sthiti yaha nahIM hai| jo jainasUtroM meM kSatriyakuMDa aura brAhmaNakuMDa kI hai| jainasUtroM meM kSatriyakuMDa uttaradizA meM aura brAhmaNakuMDa dakSiNadizA meM nirdiSTa hai| jaba ki vaizAlI ke mAnacitra meM koTigrAma aura Adhunika vaskuMDa kI sthiti sarvathA viparIta hai / vAsokuMDa mukhya vaizAlI yA vizAlagar3ha se ThIka uttara meM hai| bauddha mahAparinivvANa sutta se patA calatA hai ki koTigrAma paTanA ke sAmane vaizAlI kI dakSiNa sImAnta para gaMgA taTavartI (saMbhavata: hAjIpura ke samIpa ) avasthita thA / buddha pATalIgrAma se vihAra karane ke bAda usake samIpa hI gaMgA ko pAra kara koTigrAma gye| vahAM se Age bar3ha kara

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kSatriyakaha nAdikA se vihAra kiyA baura nAdikA se ambapAlikA ke Amavana meM pdhaare| isa vivaraNa ke anusAra buddha ke isa yAtrA patha para kramazaH pATalIgrAma (Adhunika paTanA), gaMgAnadI, koTigrAma, nAdikA, AmrapAlIvana athavA vaizAlI ke bhabhAga Ate haiN| vaizAlIsaMgha ne bhI jaikobI ke mata ko mAnyatA nahIM dii| usane hArnale ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kintu vAsukaMDa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi nahIM hai| 14 zrImatI sTIveMsana ne DA. hAnale kI bhUloM ko doharAyA hai aura usane eka aura bhayaMkara bhala kI hai| usane apane graMtha (hArTa Apha jainijma) pa. 21-22 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko vaizyakalotpanna batAyA hai| usa kI isa sthApanA kI puSTi kisI pramANa se siddha nahIM hotii| usa ne yaha graMtha vidvAna kI dRSTi se nahIM likhA hai| isa ko pUrNataH par3heM to lekhikA kA vicAra pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usane graMtha ko eka mizanarI kI dRSTi se likhA hai| 62 vartamAna bhAratIya itihAsakAroM kI bhrAMta mAnyatAeM 1. AcArya vijayendra sUri (kAzIvAle A. vijayadharma sari ke pttttdhr)| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna keliye inake tIna mata haiM- (1) vasAr3ha ke nikaTa basakaMDa (2) prAMtikA (3) vaizAlI aura koTigrama ke bIca koI sthAna (ina kA koI eka mata nizcita nahIM) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma videha janapada meM huA thA, isakI paSTi ke liye inhoMne AcArya nemicandra kuta mahAvIra cariyaM kA nIce likhA pramANa diyA hai| "atthi iha bhArahe vAse majjhima desassa maMDanaM prm|| mirikaMDaggAmanayaraM vasumai ramaNI tilayaM bhuuyN||"(ptr 26) arthAta- isa bhAratavarSa ke madhyadeza meM paramamaMDana zrI kuMDagrAma nagara jo pRthvItala para eka atisundara tilakasamAna hai aisA lagatA hai| dhyAnIya hai ki AcArya zrI ne apanI khokhalI mAnyatA kI puSTi keliye uparyakta uddharaNa ke artha meM nIce likhI bAteM aura jor3a dI haiN| 1.videha banapada meM aura 2. aisA lagatA hai| yAni kaMDagrAmanagara (jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna hai|) vaha videha janapada meM hai aimA (mujhe) lagatA hai| ina zabdoM meM yaha pratidhvanita hotA hai ki- "kaMDagrAmanagara videha janapada meM thA aimA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| ye zabda ina kI isa mAnyatA me svayaM hI zaMkAzIla batalA rahe haiN|

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paM. kalyANa vijaya kAmata 2. panyAsa kalyANavijaya (bata siDisUri ke ziSya) kA mata vaizAlI ke eka mohalle meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDa thaa| (ka) inhoMne janmasthAna vaizAlI-videha ke samarthana jo digaMbara sAhitya ke pramANa diye haiM inakI niHsAratA digaMbaroM ke prakaraNa meM kara dI hai| inake jo janmasthAna ke viSaya meM anya mata haiM aba una para vicAra kreN| (ka) inakA mata hai ki bhAratavarSa ke videha meM kuMDagrAma meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna hai| kyoMki kalpasUtra sUtra 402 meM likhA hai ki (kha) pAe pAepute pAyakalacaMde videha videhadinne vivehabacce videhasumAle tIsaMpAlAI videhasi tikahA yahI pATha AcArAMgasUtra dvitIya zrutaskanda bhAvanA adhyayana sUtra 40 meM bhI hai| kalpamatra kI subodhikA TIkA meM upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI ne videha zabda kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai| (videhe) vajaSamanArAyasahanana samacatuna saMsthAna manoharatvAd viziSTo dehA (videhA - vi-viziSTa+dehA-zarIra) yasya saH videhaa| arthAt jJAta, 2. jJAtaputra, 3. jJAta-kula-candra, 4.videha, 5.videhadata 6. videhajAta aura 7. videha-sukamAla Adi vizeSaNa diye haiN| pahale tIna vizeSaNa pitA ke pakSa ke haiM, aura bAda ke tIna vizeSaNa mAtA ke pakSa ke haiN| evaM aMtima do vizeSaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pakSa ke haiN| madhya ke cAra vizeSaNoM kA artha TIkAkAra ke AdhAra se 4.(videhe) vajaRSabha-nArAca-sahanana samacatamasaMsthAna zarIravAlA 5. (vaidehIdatta) mahAvIra 6.(vaidehIjAta) trizalA kA patra 7. (videhesamAle) kAmadeva ke samAna sakamAla (aMtima)8.(tIsaM) tIsa 9. (vAsAi) varSoM taka, 10. (videhasi) zarIra kA mamatva tyAga 11.(kaTaTa) krke| ___ bhAvArtha- jJAtRvaMzI, jJAtapatra (rAjA siddhArtha kA patra) jJAtakala meM candra ke samAna (zItala svabhAva tathA nayanAbhirAma svabhAva vAlA) aura suDaula zarIra vAlA) mAtA trizalA devI kA putra, kAmadeva ke samAna sakomala zarIra vAlA, apane zarIra ke mamatva ko chor3a kara bhagavAna mahAvIra tIsa varSoM taka ghara meM rhe| ___ AcArya vijayendra sUri jI kA kahanA hai ki upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI kA videha zabda kA artha saMgata nahIM baitthtaa| mAlUma par3atA hai ki Avazyaka cUrNi ke pATha kI tarapha unakA dhyAna nahIM gyaa| Avazyaka carNi kA pATha yaha hai|

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atriyaka "..... nAte nAtapute nAtakula viNivaTTe (videhe) videhadinne videhabacce videhasunAle satussahe samacaurasa-saMvare sahite vayarisahapArAva-saMcaya anuloga vAyuvere kaMkagahaNI kvoyprinn|| (Avazyaka niyukti patra 262) / isameM videha zabda alaga hone para bhI kalpasUtra ke . TIkAkAra ne jo artha videha kA kiyA hai, vaha yahAM pRthaka rUpa se hai| jo samacarasasaMva sahite-bajvarasihamArAyasaMcaya" ina zabdoM se nihata hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA lakSya bhagavAna kI janmabhUmi kI aura (videha) jo mukhya viSaya thA na jAte hue una ke mukhya lakSaNoM para hI calA gayA hai|" AcArya zrI kI yaha dhAraNA bhramapUrNa hai kyoMki isa pATha meM videha kA artha niyuktikAra ne (vi deha) dehAtIta kiyA hai| yAni mohamamatA se nirlipta zarIra vAlA artha karake unake nirdiSTa zarIra ke lakSaNa rUpa (samaracaurasaM saMThANa va vajjarisaha nArAyasaMghayaNa alaga likhA hai| jabaki upAdhyAya jI ne pahale videha zabda keliye bhagavAna ke viziSTa zarIra tathA aMtima videhasi zabda keliye videhAtIta yAni moha-mamatA se nirlipta zarIravAlA artha kiyA hai| AcArya zrI ne yadi pahale pATha para vizeSa dhyAna diyA hotA to ve aisI bhala na krte| pahale pATha meM prathama videha zabda tathA aMtima videhI zabda kA prayoga haA hai| jabaki dUsare pATha meM videha zabda mAtra eka bAra AyA hai aura zarIra kA lakSaNa alaga diyA hai| ataH ina donoM pAThoM meM koI asamAnatA kA prasaMga na hone para bhI AcArya zrI ne apanI mAnyatA kI paSTi keliye hI vAstavika artha kI tarapha lakSya nahIM diyaa| yaha kheda kA viSaya hai| (ga) kSatriyakuMDa ko videha janapada meM siddha karane keliye vasukaMDa, bhAMtikA yA vaizAlI-koTigrAma ke madhya kA koI sthAna (tInoM) mAnakara kisI eka kA nizcaya hI nahIM kara pAye- yaha bhI unakI bhrAmaka mAnyatA kI puSTi karatA hai| / (gha) aba hama yahAM zAstra meM prayukta bhagavAna mahAvIra keliye vaizAlIya zabda para vicAra kreNge| "evaM se udAhu aNutara-nANI aNuttaradaMsI-aNuttara-nANadaMmaNadhare arahA NAeputte bhagavaM vesalie vidyAhiye / / 22 / / (1) TIkA vizAlakulebhavAd vaizAlikaH tathA corataM. vimalA jananI yasya, vizAla kulameva c| vizAla pravacanaM yasya, tena vizAlako binH|| (sUtrakRtAMga pIlaMkAcArya TIkA)

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78 bhAratIyoM kI prAMta mAnyatA arthAt- jinakI mAtA vizAlA hai, jinakA kala vizAla hai, jina ke pravacana vizAla haiM, isaliye ve (bhagavAna) mahAvIra vaizAlika jina haiN| (2) visAlima sAvayaMti- vizAlA mahAvIrajananI tamyA apamiti. vaizAlIko bhagavAn tasya vacanaM zrRNoti tadramikalpAdita vaizAlika zrAvaka (bhagavatImatra abhayadeva mRri kRta TIkA bhAga 1 za. 3 u. 1) arthAta- vizAlA (vizAlI patrI)- bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA rAnI thI iliye bhagavAna vaizAlika nAma meM prasiddha hae, unake ramapaNaM pravacana (upadeza) ko jo manatA hai| vaha vaizAlika zrAvaka hai| (3) yahA zloka naM. 1 ke uttagadhyayana kI rNi me nimna artha kiye haiM 1 una ke gaNa vizAla the, 2. ve IkSvAkakala meM utpanna hA the, 3. unakI mAtA vaizAlA thI, 6. unakA kala aura 5 pravacana vizAla the| uparyakta donoM madoM meM vaisAlIye zabda se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna vaizAlI kA koI maMkana nahIM hai| pahale meM bhagavAna kI mAtA, kala aura pravacana ko vizAla batalA kara bhagavAna ko vaizAlika jina kahA hai| damara meM vezAlika zrAvakoM kA lakSaNa batalAna hA kahA hai ki vizAlA mAnA ka patra hAne ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlika kahA ye evaM unake ramapaNaM pravacana mana kara jo unake siddhAntoM ko svIkAra karatA hai aura unakA anayAyI banatA hai vaha vaizAlika zrAvaka hai| imama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zrAvakoM ko jo vaizAlika honA kahA hai vaha vaizAlI nagara kI apekSA meM nahIM paranta unake pravacana kI apekSA meM kahA hai| AcArya zrI eva panyAma jI na vaizAlI zabda meM bhagavAna kA nAma par3ane kA kAraNa vaizAlI nagara meM janma honA mAnakara unakA janmasthAna vaizAlI mAnA hai aura apane isa mata kI paSTi ke liya AcArya zrI yaha bhI kahate hai ki yahAM kala kA tAtpayaM janapada hI hai| isakI paSTi ke liye amarakoSa kA pramANa dete haiN| paranta dhyAnIya hai ki ve yahA amarakoza kA vaha pATa hI nahIM de mke| 4 prAkanakoza- pAima-maTTa-mAhaNNavo pa. 39.1 me kala zabda ke artha "patakavaMza, gotra, jAti kiye haiN| ana. Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vidaha vaiz lI ko middha karane meM ekadama asaphala rahe haiN|

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kSatriyakaDa paM. kalyANavijaya kA mata hai ki panyAsa jI bhI AcArya zrI kI hI puSTi karate haiN| dekhiye inhIM kI pustaka zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra Apa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna 'vaizAlI' ko siddha karane keliye eka aura tarka upasthita karate haiN| Apa kahate haiM ki "bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma lacchaAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa meM huA isa paramparA ko maiM saccA nahIM maantaa| isa keliye nIce likhe kaI kAraNa hai|" (1) satra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra keliye videhe videhadinne videhabacce videhasamAle" Adi pATha hai aura vesAliye nAma bhI milatA hai| isa se mAnanA par3atA hai ki bhagavAna kA janmasthAna videha meM vaizAlI kA eka muhallA rUpa hai| (2) kSatriyakaMDa jo eka bar3A nagara thA, bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA lene ke bAda vahAM eka bhI caumAsA nahIM kiyaa| aura na hI vahAM padhAre (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA lene ke bAda kSatriyakaMDa me vihAra kara kamAragrAma, kollAga sanniveza, morAka sanniveza Adi grAma nagaroM meM vihAra kara amthigrAma meM (pahalA) caumAsA kiyaa| dasare varSa mogaka, vAcAlA, sarabhipara, zvetAMbI jAkara vahAM se rAjagahI vApisa Akara caumAmA kiyaa| isa lekhAnusAra bhagavAna (pahale) caumAse bAda zvetAMbI jAte haiN| (jo videha janapada me hai|) aura gaMgAnadI pAra karake rAjagahI (magadha janapada meM) padhArate haiN| isame middha hotA hai ki lacchaADa vAlA kSatriyakaMDa asalI nahIM hai| kyoMki usake pAsa zvetAmbI nagarI nahIM hai aura vahAM se gajagahI jAte hae unheM gagAnadI pAra karanI pddii| yadi kSatriyakaMDa laccha Ar3a ke nikaTa hotA to nadI pAra nahI karanI pdd'tii| isaliye mAnanA paDatA hai ki kSatriyakaDa gaMgA ke uttara bihAra meM thaa| (4) vaizAlI ke pazcima meM gaMDakI nadI thii| usake pazcima brAhmaNakaDa. kSatriyakaMDa, vANijyagrAma, kamAragrAma: kollAga manniveza Adi mahalle the| brAhamaNakaMDa-kSatriyakaMDa parva-pazcima meM the| ina dono ke bIca meM vahazAlacatya thaa| panyAsa kalyANavijaya jI kI tarkaNAoM para vicAra (isa pahalI tarkaNA kA samAdhAna hama A. vijayendra mAra ke prakaraNa meM kara Aye haiN|

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80 bhAratIyoM kI prAMta mAnyatAeM (2) bhagavAna mahAvIra kI lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakuMDa brAhmaNakaMDa meM padArpaNa bhagavAna 42 varSakI dIkSA paryAya meM aneka bAra brAhmaNakaMDa aura kSatriyakaMDa padhAre the, para isa kA vyavasthita ullekha nahIM milatA to bhI yahAM padhAreNa ke prasaMgoM ke katipaya ullekha mila hI jAte haiN| jo isa prakAra haiM (ka) bhagavAna rAjagRhI meM dUsaga caumAsA karake campA jAte hae brAhmaNakaMDagrAma meM Ae the| vahAM nanda aura upananda brAhmaNoM ke do mahalle the| bhagavAna ke sAtha rahane vAle gozAla ne yahAM upananda ke mohalle ko tejolezyA me jalA diyA thaa| (kha) kevalajJAna prApta hone ke bAda bhagavAna brAhmaNakaMDagrAma meM pdhaare| yahAM eka parvataghATI para bahazAlacaitya udyAna meM mamavamaraNa meM virAjamAna hokara dharmadezanA dI pazcAta isa avasara para Rpabhadatta brAhmaNa tathA umakI bhAryA devAnandA brAhmaNI ko zramaNa-zramaNI kI dIkSAeM dii| (ga) bhagavAna damaga bAra yahAM dUsarI parvataghATI para Akara mamavamaraNa meM apane jamAtA jamAlI ko 500 kSatriyoM ke sAtha dIkSAyeM dii| (gha) bhagavAna tIsarI bAra yahAM nImarIghATI para Akara samavasare aura apanI putrI priyadarzanA ko 1000 kSatrANiyoM ke sAtha dIkSAeM dii| 66 brAhmaNa dampatti brAhmakaMDa ke aura jamAlI evaM priyadarzanA hina 1500 kSatriya-kSatrANiyAM kSatriyakaMDa nagara ke nivAmI the| bAhmaNakaMDa aura kSatriyakaMDa-kaMDapara mahAnagara ke do vibhAga the| iliye donoM ke madhyabhAga kI tInoM parvataghATiyoM para dIkSAeM dI gayIM thiiN| (Ga) AcArya hemacandra ne triSTi zalAkA pampa caritra parva 10 maga 8 zloka 28, 29 meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna kSatriyakaMDa padhAre uma mamaya kSatriyakaMDa kA gajA nandIvadhana unake darzana karane aaye| yathA svAminaM samosataM nRpati nndiivrdhnH| khyA mahatyA apatyA ca tatropeyAya bnditH|| (ca) AcArya guNabhadra kRta mahAvIracarcAgya pramnAva 8 meM bhI aimA hI likhA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kSatriyakaMDa evaM brAhmaNakaMDa meM caumAmA iliye nahIM kiyA ki pUrva-pargicata sthAna aura parivAra meM adhika rahanA unheM ucita nahIM lgaa| cAhe apane ko mamatA na ho to bhI damare mamatAla jIva athavA maMvandhI

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- 81. satriyakaMDa Adi mohavaza daHkhI na hoM tAki apanA aura dUsaroM kA aniSTa na ho jaay| isa kAla meM bhI aneka zramaNa-tharmANayAM aise haiM jo dIkSA lene ke bAda kabhI bhI apane janmasthAna nahIM gye| jaise-muni zrI buddhivijaya (bUTerAya) jI ke ziSya 1. maktivijaya (malacanda) jI 2. vRddhivijaya (vRddhicaMda) jI 3. AtmArAma (zrI vijayAnanda mAra) jii| AcArya zrI vijayavallabha sari jI ke ziSya (4) AcArya zrI vijayAlata mari (5) AcArya vijaya-umaMya sari Adi (ye saba paMjAbI manigaja the) kyA aimA mAnanA ucita hai ki ve apane janmasthAna kabhI nahIM gaye iliye ve unake janmasthAna nahIM haiN| aimA mAna lenA bhrama nahIM to aura kyA hai? anaH ryAda bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDa meM caumAsA nahIM kiyA ho athavA na bhI Aye hoM to lacchaAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa ko unakA janmasthAna na mAnanA nakamaMgata nahIM hai| __ gaMgA pAra vihAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 60 varSa dIkSita avasthA meM lambe lambe vihAra bhI kiye the| aneka nagageM, grAmoM, mannivezoM, janapadoM, nadiyoM, jaMgaloM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| campA (aga janapada) vItabhayapattana (mindhu-sauvIra janapada), kAzmIra, hamninApara (kamakSetra janapada), magadha, videha, vaMga, gar3ha, gaMdhAra, Adi janapadoM meM vicare the| ve se ugra vihArI the, yaha vAta AgamoM se spaSTa jJAta ho jAtI hai| gamte meM anekAneka nadiyoM, nAloM, parvatoM, ghATiyoM Adi ko pAra karanA par3A haagaa| bIhar3a jaMgaloM meM hokara jAnA par3A hogaa| prabhu ko kahAM kahAM se hokara gajagnA par3A hogA imakA koI lekhA-jokhA zAstra meM nahIM milatA to isase aisA mAna lenA ki yaha vivaraNa zAstroM meM na hone se koI nadI-nAlA pAra nahIM kiyA hogA? isa bAta kA koI sAmAnya-akala (baddhi) vAlA bhI nakAra nahIM sakatA ki anekAneka nadI nAle aneka ghAra inavihAroM meM prabha ko pAra karane par3e the| zAstra meM to jahAM-jahAM vizeSa ghaTanAeM ghaTI thIM mAtra usa sthAna para nadI Adi ko lAMghane kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha bhI atisaMkSepa meM, zeSa kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vihAra kramakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai-kSatriyakaMDa ke bAhara jJAtakhaMDavana udyAna meM dIkSA lI, pazcAt kumAragrAma meM pahalA rAtri nivAma, gvAle kA upasarga, kollAga sanniveza meM bahalabAsmaNa ke ghara chaTha tapa kA pAraNA, AdhA vastra dAna, morAka sanniveza ke kulapati kI vinatI, ATha mAsa taka vihAra, morAka meM punaH Agamana, asthigrAma meM pahalA caumaataa| yahAM zUlapANi yAkA upasarga, morAka sanniveza meM tapa kA pAraNA, dakSiNa bAcAlA

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Of 82: anara mahAvIra apanA AdhA devadanya vastra dAnadete hue

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kSatriyakaMDa meM jAte svarNabAlukA nadI ke kinAre bace hue Adhe vastra kA patana, svarNabAlukA evaM raupyabAlukA nadiyoM kA ullaMghana uttaravAcAlA ke vanakhaMDa meM caMDakozaka sarpa kA upasarga aura use pratibodha, uttaravAcAlA meM pradesI rAjA dvArA kiyA huA bhagavAna kA bhAvabhInA satkAra, gaMgAnadI ke kinAre para sUkSma-miTTI meM vihAra karate hue prabhu ke caraNabiMbita pada paMkti meM cakradhvaja, aMkuza Adi zubha lakSaNoM ko dekha kara puSpaka nAmaka sAmudrika kA bhagavAna ke nikaTa AnA aura indra kA puSpaka kI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna krnaa| surabhipura se zvetAMbI jAne vAle pAMca rathavAle rAjAoM dvArA prabhu ko vandanA, gaMgA pAra karate hue naukA meM suvaMSTra kA upasarga, rAjagRhI ke nAlaMdA pAr3e meM dUsarA caumAsA / caumAse bAda kollaga sanniveza meM Akara caumAsI tapa kA pAraNA karanA ityAdi (kalpamatra) hama likha Aye haiM ki pahale cartumAsa ke bAda jaba bhagavAna surabhipura jA rahe the taba gaMgA ke taTa para unake pardAcanhoM ko dekhakara puSpaka sAmudrika prabha ke nikaTa pahuMcA thA aura indra ne usakI zaMkA kA samAdhAna kiyA thA / ( mAtra itanA kahakara zAstra mauna hai) ' vicAraNIya hai ki yaha ghaTanA taba ghaTI hai jaba bhagavAna surabhipura se zvetAMbI jA rahe the| ataH bhagavAna yahAM se gaMgA pAra kara zvetAcI gaye the kyoMki surabhipura gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para thA yahAM se zvetAMbI uttara taTa para gaMgA pAra karake hI prabhu gaye the yaha mAnanA par3egA aura vahAM se lauTate hue dobArA gaMgA pAra karake surabhipura rAjagRhI Akara caumAmA kiyA thaa| yaha bAta nizcaya hai / kyoMki kumAragrAma, morAkasanniveza asthigrAma, vAcAlA, margabhapara rAjagRhI, nAlaMdA, caMpA Adi ye saba nagara grAma Aja bhI gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM haiM aura bhagavAna ne kSatriyakuMDa ke bAhara jJAtakhaMDavana meM dIkSA lekara upayaMtrata nagarga- prAmAM se hote hue zvetAMbI gaye the| ataH kaMDapara (kSatriyakuMDa - brAhmaNakaMDa) bhI gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM hI thA / yaha svataH siddha ho jAtA hai| gaMgA ke uttara meM nahIM thaa| yaha bhI sacca hai| (1) bhagavAna 16 veM caumAse ke bAda caMpA (aMgajanapada) se bihAra kareke vItabhayapattana (sindhu- sauvIra janapada) meM pdhaare| vahAM ke rAjA udAyana ko dIkSA de kara vApisa lauTa kara 17 vAM caumAmA vANijyagrAma (videha janapada ) maM kiyaa| isa bihAra meM haz2AroM mIla AnA jAnA pdd'aa| (2) bhagavAna 27 vAM cImAmA mithilA (videha janapada) meM karake vahAM ma hastinApura (kurU janapada meM padhAre aura lauTa kara 08 vAM cImAmA bANijyagrAma (videha janapada) meM kiyaa| isa bihAra meM prabhu ko haz2AroM mIla jAnA mAnA pdd'aa|

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Ww uutivitidaiia pi upasarga caDazaka nAgane bhagavAna ke pairaMpara DaMka mArA para prabhUnAga ko pratibodha dekara gAvAtmakalyANa kiyaa| "

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bhatriyakaMDa (3) bhagavAna 30 vAM caumAsA vANijyagrAma (videha janapada) meM karake vahAM se kAmpilya (pAMcAla janapada) meM padhAre vahAM se lauTakara 31. vAM caumAsA inhoMne vaizAlI (videha janapada) meM kiyaa| isa vihAra meM bhI prabhu ko hajAroM mIla jAnA AnA pdd'aa| isa prakAra bhagavAna ne 42 varSa kI dIkSA paryAya meM saikar3oM choTe bar3e vihAra kiye| ina vihAramArgoM meM kitane kitane (bezumAra) nadI-nAle Aye hoMge aura unheM kitanI bAra pAra karanA par3A hogaa| isa bAta ko bhUgola kA vidyArthI bhalIbhAMti jAnatA hai| lekina zAstra isake lie ekadama mauna hai| isase yaha mAna lenA ki ina vihAroM meM bhagavAna ne koI nadI-nAlA pAra nahIM kiyA kyoMki isakA zAstra meM koI ullekha nahIM hai isaliye ye saba sthAna gaMgA kI uttaradizA meM vaizAlI (videha janapada) kI paridhi meM hI hone cAhiye anyatra nhiiN| yaha kitanI besamajhI (ajJAnatA) kI bAta hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa siddha ho jAtA hai ki zAstra meM bhagavAna ke vihAra meM Ane vAle nadI nAloM ko pAra karate samaya yadi koI ullekhanIya ghaTanA huI ho to usI kA ullekha hai anyathA nhiiN| ataH sarabhipura se zvetAMbI jAne se pahale gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNataTa para puSpaka sAmudrika kA prabhu ko milane kI ghaTanA kA to zAstra meM ullekha hai nyoMki yaha eka vizeSa ghaTanA thii| para nadI pAra karanA koI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA na hone meM zAstra meM isakA ullekha na honA svAbhAvika hai, jaise anya nadI-nAloM kA koI vizeSa ghaTanA na hone se ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| para gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa taTa para zvetAMbI jAne se pahale vihAra karake puSpaka ghaTanA ke turaMta bAda bhagavAna kA zvetAMbI pahuMcanA isa bAta kA spaSTa saMketa hai ki isa samaya gaMgAnadI pAra karake bhagavAna nadI ke uttarataTa para pahuMcakara zvetAMbI padhAre aura vahAM se lauTakara rAjagRhI meM caumAsA kiyaa| (4) bhagavAna ne caudaha caumAse rAjagRhI meM kiye, bAraha caumAme vANijyagrAma aura vaizAlI meM kiye| yahAM jAne-Ane meM gaMgAnadI aura gaMDakI nadI ko kitanI bAra pAra karanA par3A hogA? pAThaka ime svayaM hI bhalIbhAMti jAna sakate haiN| Agama meM to mAtra ina nadiyoM ke eka-do bAra hI pAra karane kA ullekha hai| anya samaya meM nadI pAra karane ko nakAga nahIM jA mktaa| macca bAta to yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra mogaka, asthigrAma ke caumAme ke bAda gaMgAnadI pAra karake zvetAMbI gaye the aura vahAM se lauTate hue damarI bAra gaMgAnadI pAra karake rAjagRhI pdhaare| isa bAta kI puSTi pappaka mAdrika ke pramaMga meM hotI hai| kSatriyakuMDa aura vaizAlI ke mohalle,

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86 vaizAlI ke grAma paM. kalyANavijaya jI gaMDakI nadI ke pUrva meM vaizAlI aura pazcima kinAre kaMDapura, vANijyagrAma, kumAragrAma aura kollAga sanniveza mAnate haiN| jabaki vijayendra sari isa mAnyatA ko bhrAmaka mAnakara likhate haiM ki gaMDakI nadI ke parva meM vaizAlI tathA kaMDagrAma ko tathA pAzcimI kinAre para kumAragrAma, kollAga sanniveza aura vANijyagrAma mAnate haiN| joki kaMgrAma kI sthApanA keliye donoM meM matoya / parantu zAstroM meM kuMDagrAma aura kumAragrAma ke bIca meM jalamArga aura sthalamArga donoM batalAye haiN| isase ina donoM kI mAnyatAeM galata siddha ho jAtI haiN| yaha bAta to saca hai ki vaizAlI ke nikaTa gaMDakI nadI thii| kSatriyakaMha ke pAsa gaMDakI nadI hone athavA gaMDakI ke kanAre kuMDapura hone kA zAstra meM eka bhI ullekha nahIM hai| ataH kSatriyakuMDa ke nikaTa gaMDakI nadI thI yaha sapramANa nahIM hai| phalasvarUpa mAnanA par3atA hai ki vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ke bIca meM jalamArga hI thA, sthalamArga nahIM thaa| vaizAlI ke grAma digdhanikAya bauddhagraMtha meM buddha kA vihAra isa prakAra hai- vaizAlI, bhaMDagrAma, hastigrAma, AmragrAma, jambugrAma, bhoganagara aura paavaa| sutanipAta meM varNana hai ki ajita Adi 16 jaTAdhArI allaka se nikala kara kauzAMbI, sAketa, zrAvasti, zvetAMbI, kapilavastu, kuzInArA, maMdira, paavaa| bhoganagara aura vaizAlI hokara magadhapura (rAjagRhI) phuNce| mahAparInivvANasatta meM baddha kA aMtima vihAra aMbalA. asthiyA, nAlaMdA. pATalIgrAma (paTanA), gaMgAnadI, koTigrAma, nAdikA, vaizAlI aura bhaMDagrAma Adi meM bihAra mAnA hai| hemI mahAvIra caritra meM likhA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra vaizAlI se nikala kara nAva meM baiThakara vANijyagrAma pdhaare| (parva 10 sarga 4 zloka 139) cInI bauddhayAtrI phAhiyAna likhatA hai ki buddhadeva apane ziSyoM sahita parinirvANa keliye jAte hue AmrapAlI vaizyA ke bAga ke pAsa se hokara bhaMDagrAma gaye the unakI dAhinI dizA meM vaizAlI thii| sAcArAMgasUtra aura kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma meM 12 caumAse kiye| upAsakAMna- sUtra meM varNana hai ki vANijyagrAma nagara thA, vahAM kA rAjA jitazatru thaa| bhagavAna dutirpalAzacaitya meM samavasaro yaha vANijagrAma ke

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87 'kSatriyakaMDa IzAnakoNa meM thaa| vANijagrAma ke bAhara IzAnakoNa meM hI kollAga sanniveza thaa| gautama indrabhUti prabhu kI AjJA lekara vANijyagrAma meM gocarI kelie gaye aura lauTate hue pAsa ke kollAga sanniveza meM jahAM jJAtakula ke loga the aura unakI pauSapazAlA thI vahAM pdhaare| vaizAlI nagarI kA mAnacitra uparyukta pAThoM ke AdhAra se vaizAlI kA mAnacitra isa prakAra taiyAra hotA hai (1) vaizAlI ke dakSiNa meM aNukrama se nAdikA, koTigrAma aura gaMgAnadI / nAdikA kA dUsarA nAma Atika thA / (2) vaizAlI ke eka tarapha jala se bharI gaMDakI nadI (3) usake sAmane kinAre vANijyagrAma (4) usa ke IzAnakoNa meM pAsa-pAsa meM dutipalAsacaitya aura kollAga snnivesh| (5) vaizAlI se saMbhavataH vAyavyakoNa meM bhoganagara thA / jAtigrAma meM jJAtakSatrayoM kI bastI thI, kollAga meM jJAtakSatriyoM ke ghara tathA upAzraya thaa| ina donoM sthAnoM meM jJAtakhaMDavaNaudyAna thA hI nahIM parantu dRtipalAsacaityaudyAna thaa| isake bIca meM caitya thA / vaizAlI aura vANijya grAma gaMDakI nadI ke Ara-pAra alaga-alaga taToM para AbAda the| vaizAlI gaMDakI ke pUrva meM thA aura vANijyagrAma pazcimataTa para thaa| unake yugmanAma bhI milate haiN| jaise vaizAlI - vaannijygraam| vartamAna meM dillI-AgarA aadi| ye nikaTavartI sUcaka haiM, para eka nahIM haiN| Upara diye gaye vivaraNa ke atirikta dUsare kauna kauna se grAmanagara the unakA isameM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| isa sthiti meM vaizAlI - kuMDapura yA vaizAlI kSatriyakuMDa athavA vaizAlI brAhmaNakuMDa se yugmanAma kaise saMbhava ho sakate haiN| hama likha Aye haiM ki kuMDagrAma (kSatriyakuMDa brAhmaNakuMDa) pahAr3iyoM se ghirA huA thaa| isaliye yahAM pahAr3a nahIM the| jaise gaMDakI nadI aura pahAr3I nadI judA-judA haiM, vaise hI unake bahAva bhI judA-judA dizAoM meM haiN| isI prakAra vaizAlI aura kuMDapura - kSatriyakuMDa kA bhI Apasa meM koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| ataH AcArya vijayendra sUri evaM paM. kalyANavijaya jI kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI mAnyatAeM bhI sarvathA bhrAmaka haiN| AcArya tulasI aura muni nathamala AcArya tulasI aura muni nathamala ne videhe, videhadinna, vi

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88 A tamamI-mani nathamala' bihAce, vihasamAle Adi vizeSaNoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAtapakSa saMbodhita to mAnA hai| kintu vaizAlI ke saMbaMdha meM unakI anizcita sthiti hai| nA kahanA hai ki isakA nizcita artha bhI anaveSaNIya haiN| (atIta kA anAvaraNa pR0 131) vastutaH uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI cUrNi ke dUsare. artha ne unheM anizcaya meM DAla diyA hai| kyoMki ve likhate hai ki vaizAlika vizeSaNakA saMbandhanavAna kI mAtA yA janmabhUmi se honA caahie| lekina TIkAkAroM ne isake jitane bhI artha svIkAra kiye haiM, unameM janmabhUmi kA koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| ataH vaizAlika bhI videha kI taraha mAtRkala se saMbadhita thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra saMbandhita vizeSaNa haiN| uttarAdhyayana cUrNi kA tIsarA artha hI isa kA vAstavika artha jJAta hotA hai| zeSa vikasita aura saMbhAvita artha hI pratIta hote haiN| bAtmaNa paramparA meM bhI janapadavAcI videha zabda ke artha kA vikAsa pAyA jAtA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa mAdhavavidegha ne naye janapada kI nIMva DAlI thii| yaha usake nAma para Age calakara videha (videgha) kahA jAne lgaa| videha janapada ke purAvaprapita rAjA janaka ke nAma ke sAtha yaha zabda vizeSaNa prayukta kiyA jaataahai|tb isakA vizeSa artha bhI hotA hai- mukta bandhanarahita yA dehaatiit| yahAM sUtrakAroM ne bhI vaizAlIya, videha, Adi vizeSaNoM kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye prayoga karate hue arthabodha ke ekAdhikastaroM kA udghATana kiyA hai| yadi bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sArA parivAra videha janapada yA vaizAlI kA nivAsI hotA to una ke pitA, bhAI kailiye "videhadinnA, vivehadittA, pilAna" ke vizeSaNoM ke prayoga kI koI sArthakatA nahIM detI? yAni una keliye zAstrakAroM ne ina zabdoM kA prayoga kyoM nahIM kiyA? vastutaH vaizAlI aura videha se saMbaMdhita vizeSaNa mahAvIra ke mAtRkula kI vizeSatA aura bhagavAna keliye prayakta kiye gaye haiM aura yaha spaSTa sUcita karatA hai ki mAtakala kA janapada unake pitakala se sarvathA bhinna hai aura isI kAraNa se usa ke pRthaka ullekha kI mArthakatA bhI hai| prabhu kI mAtA trizalA kSatriyANI vaizAlI ke mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahana thii| ceTaka kI choTI putrI celanA kA vivAha magadha ke rAjA zroNika se haA thaa| yaha ajAtazatru (kaNika) kI mAtA thii| pAlI graMthoM meM ajAtazatru keliye vahIputra kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo usake mAtRkala ko zApita karatA hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nAma ke sAtha prayukta mAtRkula sacaka vizeSaNoM meM sUtrakAroM aura TIkAkAroM ne ekAdhika arthoM kA AdhAsana kara diyA hai| bhagavAna keliye videha vizeSaNa kA prayoga kara sUtrakAroM ne bhaugolika nirdeza nahIM kiyA, balki unakI mahattA kA utkIrNa kiyA hai| AcArAMgasUtra kI

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kSatriyakaMDa vIra-vAcanA meM kahA gayA hai ki mAtA ke garbha meM praveza karate samaya bhagavAna tIna jJAta (mati, zruta, avadhi) se yukta the| bacapana se yauvana taka kI avasthA kA varNana karate hue una kI vijJAna saMpannatA kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isaliye tIsa varSa taka gRhavAsa kA ullekha karate samaya videha zabda kA prayoga bhaugolika kSetra kA nirdezana nahIM karatA, balki unakI Atmastha athavA dehAtIta avasthA kA nirdeza karatA hai| AcArAMga vRtti meM unake videha zabda kA artha viziSTa dehagrahaNa keliye kiyA hai| dehAtIta kA artha bhI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| trizalA mAtA keliye videhadinnA Adi vizeSaNoM meM videha kA janapada artha kiyA hai| hama pahale isakA vistAra se vivecana kara Aye haiN| paramparA se bhinna evaM AgA-pIchA soce samajhe binA artha ko sthApita karane ke liye aitihAsika pramANa kI AvazyakatA banI hI raha jAtI hai| DA. yogendra mizra DA. yogendra mizra ne vaizAlI ke eka mohalle vAsukaMDa ko bhagavAna kA janmasthAna mAnA hai| isakI prAcInatA kI puSTi keliye vaizAlI meM prApta guptakAlIna eka miTTI kI mohara ke lekha kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| jo isa prakAra hai- vaizAlInAmako kamArAmAtyaM adhikrnn| unakA kahanA hai ki isa abhilekha kA kuMDa spaSTataH kSatriyakuMDa hai| kyoMki isa kSetra meM kuMDa nAmakA aura koI sthAna kisI bhI srota se jJAta nahIM hai| 69 lekhaka ke isa vaktavya se spaSTa hai ki unhoMne pahale hI yaha mAna liyA hai ki kuMDagrAma-vaizAlI meM hI honA cAhiye aura vaizAlI meM jahAM bhI kuMDa zabda sthAna ke nAma ke rUpa meM mila jAtA hai use vaha bhagavAna kI janmabhUmi kaMDagrAma athavA kSatriyakaMDa mAna lete haiN| kinta vastusthiti to yaha hai ki mohara ke lekha kA kaMDa zabda-kSatriyakaMDa ko hI abhihita karatA hai aisA usameM koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| isake atirikta kuMDa zabda kA prayoga sthAna ke nAmoM meM bahuta dekhane meM Ate haiN| vArANasI meM loyAkakuMDa, durgAkuMDa Adi mUlataH tAlAva athavA puSkaraNI hada (hada) sAgara Adi ke nAma para katipaya sthAnoM ke nAma milate haiN| zAhakuMDa pokharAmA (puSkaragrAma) nAgahada (hRda) cakkadaha (cakkahRda) Adi aise hI nAmoM ke udAharaNa haiN| ye sAre nAma vihAra rAjya meM hI grAmoM ke nAma haiN| ataH isa abhilekha ke vaizAlIkaMDa kA apanA bhinna mahatva ho sakatA hai| isa kA nAmAMtara vasakaMDa bhI ho sakatA hai| kintu kevala kaMDa zabda kI samAnatA ke AdhAra para use kSatriyakaMDa yA kuMDagrAma mAnanA saMgata nahIM hai|

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rAhula sAkRtyAyana evaM anya bauddha-rAhala sAkRtyAyana evaM anya vidvAna pAligraMthoM ke koTigrAma evaM nAdikAgrAma jinheM jaikobI kA aNukaraNa karate hue rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bharatasiMha upAdhyAya Adi ne mAtR yA NAyakala ke kSatriyoM ke grAma mAne haiM,ye buddhadeva ke prabhAva kSetra meM Ate haiN| para yahAM jinazAsana kA koI saMketa nahIM miltaa| nAdikA ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kSatriyakula kA grAma mAnanA sarvathA basaMgata hai| kyoMki isa kala meM tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparAgata pratiSThiA thii| bhagavAna ke pitA siddhArtha teisaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke anuyAyI the, aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra jaise tIrthakara isa kula meM utpanna hue the| jo buddhadeva ke samakAlIna the| aisA mahatvapUrNa saMdarbha nAdikA ke vivaraNa meM achUtA chUTa jAnA vizvasanIya pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki bauddhasatroM meM anyatra buddhadeva ke upadezoM ke saMdarbha meM bhinna matAvalambiyoM kA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| pAligraMthoM meM nAdikAgrAma ke do pracalita nAma milate haiN| 1. nAdikA evaM 2.jaatikaa| bharatasiMha upAdhyAya kA mata hai ki yaha jAMtika logoM kA gAMva thA jo vajjisaMgha ke hI eka aMga the| zAMtika zabda kI kaI vyAkhyAeM kI gayI haiN| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne zAMtika kA saMbaMdha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jJAta nAmaka kSatriyakula se sthApita kiyA hai aura vaizAlI meM ima kula ke vaMzadharoM ko bhI DhaMDha nikAlA hai| kAzIprasAda jayasavAla aura rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kI yaha dhAraNA ki mujaphpharapura ke jethariyA nAmaka mihAra brAhmaNoM kI eka zAkhA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nAma yA jJAta kala se maMdhita thii| yaha unakI aTakala mAtra hai| jJAta aura jaithariyA meM dhvanisAmya dekhakara yaha dhAraNA banA lI gaI hai| vamadevazaraNa ne bhI binA jAMca kiye isa bAta ko mAna liyA hai| svAmI sahajAnanda sarasvatI ne yatheSTha pramANa se ima bhAMta mAnyatA ko nigmana kiyA hai| unhoMne jeAgyA ko mUlasthAna kA vAcaka mAnA hai| kula kA vAcaka nhiiN| jethara chapaga jile meM hai aura usa mUla ke brAhmaNa jethagyiA chapaga aura majaphpharapara donoM jiloM meM pAye jAte haiN| 10 mUlasthAna chaparA meM hone kI bAteM jAta hote hI rAhala jI ne apanI dhAraNA meM yaha saMzodhana kara liyA ki jAtaka kSatriyoM kA kala mujaphpharapura meM nahIM chaparA meM thaa| gahala jI ke isa mazodhana me vaizAlI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma ma hone kI mAnyatA mvanaH Dina ho jAtI hai| yaha damaga vAna hai ki jAtakoM kA maMbandha hone kA Agraha unhoMne nahIM chodd'aa| pAli meM jAnika zabda kA athaM jAti yA nAta honA hai| prAMti seThe kA artha hai-jAti shresstth| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kala kA nAma nAya (pAli-nAna) kA maMbandha nAdikAgrAma ke sthApita karane kA malakAraNa yaha hai ki isameM bhagavAna kI janma ma vaizAlI ko siddha

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atriyakuMDa karane keliye eka sabala AMdhAra mila jAtA hai| lekina antataH yaha AdhAra bhI khokhalA siddha ho jAtA hai| jainasUtroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nAma keliye prAkRta meM nAtha, gAya aura nAyaputta kA prayoga huA hai, evaM pAligraMthoM meM nAtaputta kaa| saMskRta jJAta ke prAkRta NAya, nAya aura nAta pAye jAte haiN| isaliye jainasUtroM ke TIkAkAra ne prAkRta nAya ke liye saMskRta meM sAta aura jJAtR zabdoM ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| ina saMskRta zabdoM ke kAraNa bhI aTakalapacciyAM aura prAMtiyAM phailI haiN| isa saMdarbha meM AcArya tulIsa aura muni navamala kI dhAraNA sarvAdhika vicAraNIya haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki "pratIta hotA hai ki jJAta aura jAta-ye donoM yathArtha nahIM haiN| bhagavAna kA kula nAma honA cAhie NAyaputta kI saMskRta chAyA nAgaputra bhI ho sakatI hai| cUrNiyAM prAkRta meM haiM, ina meM nAya yA NAta hI milatA hai| kvacita jJAta bhI milatA hai| TIkAkAla meM yaha bhrama puSTa huA hai| adhikAMza TIkAkAroM kA dhyAna jJAta zabda kI ora gayA hai| hamArI jAnakArI meM ubhayadeva sUri hI pahale TIkAkAra haiN| jinhone nAya zabda kA artha nAga bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne aupapAkisUtra sUtra 14 kI vRtti ne nAya kA artha jJAta (ikSvAkuvaMza kA eka bheda) athavA nAga (nAgavaMzI) kiyA hai| isI Agama ke sUtra 27 veM kI vRtti meM unhoMne nAga kA artha nAgavaMzI aura gauNa rUpa se jJAtavaMzI kiyA hai| isI Agam ke sUtra 27 meM vRtti meM unhoMne nAgavaMzI kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2 / 1 / 9) meM ikkhAga, ikkhAgaputtA, nAyA, nAyaputtA, koruvvA, kauravvaputA yaha pATha hai| isa sUtra ke pATha saMzodhana keliye hama jina do hastalikhita pratiyoM kA avalokana kara rahe haiM unameM eka prati jo vi.saM.1581 meM likhI hai usameM nAyA-nAyapattA ke sthAna meM nAga-nAgaputtA pATha haiN| itihAsa meM jJAta nAma kA koI prasiddha vaMza ho par3hane-sunane meM nahIM aayaa| jainAgamoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra keliye nAya, gAya, nAta zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai aura bauddhagraMthoM meM nAta-nAtha zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| pAlibhASA meM nAya, NAya zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hai| nAya, NAya kA saMskRta meM artha jJAta, jJAta. nAga ye tInoM rUpa hote haiM aura nAta. nAtha kA saMskRta meM nAga rUpa nahIM bntaa| nAta, nAtha ke saMskRta rUpa jJAta, jJAta hI hote haiM, nAga nhiiN| isaliye bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pitRkula jJAta-jJAtR hI honA caahie| aba hama bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke liye nirdiSTa sAhitya kI dRSTi se parIkSaNa

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92 2. bhUtattva vidyA pAzcimAtya aura bhAratIya Adhunika vidvAnoM kA jo dAvA bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI meM kuMDapura kI mAnyatA kA hai vaha samApta ho jAtA hai / kyoMki ( 1 ) ina donoM ke nikaTa koI pahAr3a nahIM hai| (2) na hI vaizAlI ke nikaTa brAhmaNakuMDagrAma, kSatriyakuMDagrAma, kumAragrAma, kollAga sanniveza, morAka-sanniveza, asthigrAma, svarNakhilla, lohAgala Adi nagara - grAma haiN| (3) ye loga vasukuMDa, vasAr3ha ko kSatriyakuMDa aura kolahA ko kollAga sanniveza mAnate haiM aura inheM vaizAlI ke muhalle kahate haiN| yaha saba galata mAnyatAeM haiN| mAtra aTakaloM para adhArita haiM / ( 4 ) isa sAhityika vizleSaNa se yahI mAnyatA sacca siddha hotI hai ki magadha janapada meM muMgera jile meM jamuI sarbArDAvijana meM lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa jo kSatriyakuMDanagara thA vahI vAstava meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna thA / yaha bAta nirvivAda aura ni:saMdeha hai| 2. bhUtattva vidyA (GEALOGICAL) pAvApurI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANama aura vaizAlI kI dUrI pAvApurI aura lacchu Ar3a kI dUrI se bahuta adhika hai| AgamoM meM varNana hai ki pAvApurI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke samAcAra pAkara kSatriyakuMDa ke rAjA nandIvardhana ( bhagavAna mahAvIra kA baDA bhAI) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pArthiva zarIra ko agnisaMskAra ke samaya pAvApurI meM pahuMca gye| lacchuAr3a se pAvApurI ghar3a savArI se kucha hI ghaMToM meM pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki donoM sthAnoM meM lagabhaga 36 mIla kA antara hai| pAvApurI aura vaizAlI meM itanI adhika dUrI hai ki vahA eka dina meM nahIM pahuMcA jA sktaa| Adhunika vidvAna lacchuAr3a ke najadIka mAhanA, kuMDaghATa, kumAra, kollAga, asthAvana, jamuI, lohAgala, morAka Adi grAmoM nagaroM ko sakka - sakkayAnI, dikkarAnI, kinduAnI, cakkaNANI pahADiyoM ko DhUMDhane kA kaSTa kyoM nahIM krte| jinake nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana ghaTanAoM kI yAda dilAte haiN| isI kSetra meM kramazaH brAhmaNakuMDagrAma, kSatriyakuMDagrAma, kumAra, kollAga, asthigrAma, jambhIyagrAma, lohAgala, aura morAka kucha sAdhAraNa vikasita nAmoM se varttamAna lacchuAr3a koThI me bIsa mIla ke ghere meM avasthita haiN| janmasthAna ke nikaTa purAnA khaMDahara rUpa kilA bhI hai jo ki rAjA siddhArtha kA hai aura pahAr3I kI godI meM banA huA * hai| jo nAlaMdA ke nikaTa kuMDalapura ko digambara saMpradAya dUsarA janmasthAna hai vaha rAjagRha ke uttara meM chaha mIla dUra sthita hai aura vaha bhI pahAr3oM se

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kSatriyakaMDa 93 / dUra haiM isake nikaTa Asa-pAsa koI aisA grAma-nagara udyAna bhI nahIM hai jahAM bhagavAna ke krIr3Asthala, dIkSAsthala, dIkSA ke bAda bihAra sthala ho / ataH hameM bhUtatva vidhA ke pramANa se bhI lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane meM sahayogI haiN| 3. itihAsa (HISTORICAL) isa mAmale meM aitihAsika tathya bhI vaizAlI ke viruddha haiN| videha janapada vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI sAta patriyAM thIM / 1. prabhAvatI, 2. padmAvatI, 3. mRgAvatI, 4. zivA, 5. jyeSThA 6. sRjyoSThA aura 7. celanA / tathA ceTaka kI bahana trizalA thI / trizalA kA vivAha magadha janapada meM kSatriyakaMDa ke rAjA. siddhArtha ke sAtha huA thA jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA thI / 1. prabhAvatI kA vivAha vItabhayapattana (siMdha-sauvIra janapada ) ke rAjA udAyaNa se huA thaa| 2. padmAvatI kA vivAha caMpA ( aMga janapada ) ke rAjA dadhivAhana se huA thA / 3 mRgAvatI kA vivAha kozAMbI ( vatma janapada ) ke rAjA zItAnika se huA thA / 4 zivA kA vivAha ujjaina ke rAjA candrapadyauta se huA thA / 5. jyeSThA kA vivAha kSatriyakuMDa (magadha janapada) ke rAjA nandIvardhana (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bar3e bhAI ke sAtha) huA thaa| aura 6 celanA kA vivAha rAjagRhI (magadha janapada) ke rAjA zreNika (biMbasAra) se huA thA / evaM 7. sujyeSThA ne vivAha nahIM kiyaa| usa ne dIkSA le lI thI aura zramaNImagha meM zAmila ho gaI thii| vartamAna ke kucha pAzcimAtya tathA bhAratIya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma videha janapada ke vaizAlI nagara ke eka mohalle meM huA thA jisa mohalle ke svAmI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha sAdhAraNa saradAra (umarAva ) the| hama unakI isa mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa bahana vistAra ke sAtha- sAhitya ke prakaraNa meM kara Aye haiM ki una kI yaha mAnyatA ekadama bhrAta aura khokhalI hai| (1) hama likha Aye hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pitAM siddhArtha eka svataMtra samRddhizAlI rAjA thaa| usane bhagavAna kA janmamahotsava beDa ADambara aura ThATha-bATha meM manAyA thA. usa samaya apane bandIkhAnoM (jeloM) meM kaidiyoM ko makta kara (chor3a) diyA thaa| usake rAjakoSa (khajAne) se bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA lene se pahale pure eka varSa taka tIna araba ayyAsI karoDa ammI lAkha (3880000000) saunaiyoM kA varSIdAna diyA thaa| siddhArtha ke pAsa bahuta bar3I

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94 aitihAsika senA thI, usa ne yuddha meM indra ko bhI harAyA thaa| (ye saba jainAgamoM-zAstroM ke pramANoM ke sAtha sAhityika prakaraNa meM likha Aye haiN| ) (2) aise samRddhizAlI svataMtra rAjA ko eka sAmAnya muhalle kA umarAva vaha bhI. mAtra jJAtavaMziyoM kA kaise mAnA yA kahA jA sakatA hai! (3) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane se lekara dIkSA ke prasaMgoM meM zAstroM meM jo ullekha Aye haiM, unameM kisI bhI prasaMga ke vaizAlI ke sAtha koI bhI ullekha nahIM hai / yadi kSatriyakuMDa vaizAlI kA eka mohallA hotA to kisI eka prasaMga meM bhI vaizAlI kA ullekha avazya hotA / para aisA nahIM huA hai| videha aura vaizAlI kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM hone se yaha bAta svataH siddha ho jAtI hai ki vaizAlI athavA usakA koI mohallA yA usake Asa-pAsa kA koI grAma bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM thaa| (4) zAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cyavana ( garbhAvataraNa) janma, dIkSA kalyANaka jisa DhaMga se manAne kA ullekha hai, usa DhaMga se eka mohalle meM manAyA jAnA eka dama asaMbhava thaa| kadApi nahIM manAye jA sakate the| (5) mAtra videhe, videhadinna, videha - dinnA, Adi evaM vesAlie ke sUtra pAThoM se inakA artha kSetra mAna lenA sarvathA bhrAMta hai| binA Aga-pIchA soce prasaMga - saMdarbha kA binA vicAra kiye mAtra kalpanA aura anumAna lagAne kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ina guNavAcaka vizeSaNoM ko kSetra vAcaka mAnalenA yaha koI samajhadArI nahIM hai| yadi videha Adi zabdoM kA saMbaMdha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna se hai to ye vizeSaNa unake mAtA-pitA, bhAI-bahana, putrI - dohitR tathA anya parivAra janoM ke sAtha kyoM prayukta nahIM kiyA gayA? kevala bhagavAna ke sAtha hI kyoM prayukta hai ? isa se ye zabda kSetravAcaka na hokara kevala guNavAcaka haiN| rAnI trizalA videha kI rAjakanyA thI aura bhagavAna mahAvIra vaidehI rAjakanyA ke putra the / isIliye unake nAmoM ke sAtha guNarUpa donoM vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai| isa sAre prakaraNa kA hama pUre vistAra ke sAtha pahale vivecana kara Aye haiN| ataH ina zabdoM kA videha janapada athavA vaizAlI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAna lenA koI samajhadArI nahIM hai| (6) hama yahAM eka ghaTanA kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka samajhate haiM ekadA eka vyakti apane paramasnehI mitra ko bar3e snehapUrNa bhAvollAsa se cAya pilAne ke liye pyAlA bhara laayaa| parantu mitra ko cAya pInA pasaMda nahIM thA / mitra kavi thaa| usane muskarAte hue hAtha jor3a kara vinamra bhAva se kahA- bhAI sAhaba

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kSatriyakuMDa 95 "isa cAha kI mujhe cAha nahIM, isa cAha ko cAha meM ala do|" yahAM cAha zabda kA cAra bAra prayoga huA hai| cAro zabdoM kA artha alaga alaga hai| 1. isa (cAha) cAya ko, 2. (cAha) kuMe meM DAla do 3. isa (cAha) pyAra sneha kI, mujhe 4. (cAha) icchA nahIM hai| (yaha vAkya urdU bhASA ke hai)| yahAM yadi koI vyakti apanI vizeSa buddhimattA kA pradarzana karane keliye videha- vesAlIya ke anusAra binA AgA-pIchA, prasaMga-saMdarbha ke soce ki cAroM cAha zabdoM kA eka artha lagAkara saphala honA cAhe to sarvathA asaMgata aura asaMbhava hai| samajhadAra loga use ekadama ajJAnI hI maaneNge| yahI bAta videha Adi zabdoM ke artha lagAne meM huI hai| zabda prAyaH anekArthavAcI hote haiN| ataH kisI bhI satya ko samajhane ke liye AgA-pIchA socakara saMdarbha ke anukUla artha ko svIkAra karane se hI saccI saphalatA pAnA saMbhava aura buddhimattA hai (7) rAjya saMbandha meM bhI sUcita karate haiM ki kSatriyakuMDa nagara eka mahatvapUrNa svataMtra rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thI / videha vaizAlI meM to bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nanihAla thii| vahAM unhoMne vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma meM kula milAkara bAraha caumAse kiye the| cAra caumAse mithilA meM kiye the| kula milAkara videha janapada meM bhagavAna ne 16 caumAse kiye the| ina caumAsoM ke atirikta videha janapada meM zvetAMbI, vaizAlI, zrAvastI, mithilA, vANijyagrAma kosAMbI Adi prasiddha nagaroM meM bhagavAna 17 bAra padhAre the / 14 caumAse rAjagRhI (magadha janapada) meM evaM isI janapada meM anya aneka bAra padhAre bhI the| (8) isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna kA adhikatara vihAra samaya- aMga, magadha aura videha janapadoM meM rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina kSetroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pravacanoM kA AzAtIta prabhAva pdd'aa| isaliye unake dharma ko yahAM kI janatA ne bar3I zraddhA se apnaayaa| yadi isa kAraNa se bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nAma vaizAlika athavA vaidehI bhI prasiddha ho gayA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM hai| ina nAmoM ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna videha yA vaizAlI mAna lenA koI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kAryakSetra ke kAraNa usa vyakti ko usa kSetra ke nAma se bhI saMbaMdhita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise (1) mohanalAla karmacaMda gAMdhI (mahAtmA gAMdhI) kA janma porabandara (saurASTra) meM huA, para unakA kAryakSetra sAbaramatI ( ahamadAbAda) hone se sAbaramatI ke bAbA khlaaye| (2) vinobA bhAve kA janma mahArASTra ke kisI gAMva meM huA, parantu unakA Azrama vardhA meM hone se vardhA ke santa kahalAye / 3. jainAcArya vijayaballabha sUri kA janma bar3odA (gujarAta) meM huA, parantu unakA kAryakSetra prAyaH paMjAba hone se paMjAbI khlaaye| (4) AcArya

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rautahAsika vijayadharma sari kA janma valA (saurASTra) meM huA kintu kAzI meM eka Adarza zikSaNa saMsthA "yazovijaya jaina pAThazAlA" sthApita kara use apanA kAryakSetra banAne se kAzIvAle AcArya kahalAye (5) unhIM kA ziSya bhani vidyAvijaya jI kA janma gajagata pradeza meM haA para unhoMne apanA kAryakSetra-vIgtatva prakAzaka maMDala (jainazikSaNa saMsthA) zivapurI (gvAliyara) ko banAyA iliye ve zivapI ke saMta khlaaye| (6) sthAnakavAmI maMpradAya ke upAdhyAya amaramani kA janma uttarabhArata me huA para unhoMne rAjagRhI (magadha janapada) meM virAyatana ko apanA kAryakSetra banAyA, isa liye ve rAjagRhI virAyatana ke saMta khlaaye| (7) thAvaka hIgalAla daggar3a zAstrI (ima zodhagraMtha ke lekhaka) kA janma gajagaMvAlA paMjAba (vartamAna pAkistAna) meM huA para vartamAna meM inakA nivAsa kAryakSetra dillI meM hone se dillIvAle kahalAye (8) ryAda koI gRhastha paMjAba, gajasthAna, gajagana athavA anya kimI pradeza meM jAkara madrAma meM AvAda ho jAya aura use apanA kAryakSetra banA le tA vaha madrAsavAlA khlaayegaa| (.) koI bhAratI amargakA. kenaMDA, iMglaiMDa Adi meM jA kara AvAda ho jAve aura use apanA kAryakSetra vanA le to vaha usI dezavAlA khlaayegaa| yAni apane-apane kAryakSetra ke kAraNa yaha usa-usa kSetra kA khlaayegaa| (10) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pravacana ko sunakara unake dharma ko svIkAra karane vAloM ko bhI zAstra kI TIkAeM karanevAle AcAryoM ne vaizAlika zrAvaka kahA hai| yAni apane-apane kAryakSetra ke kAraNa ve loga uma uma kSetra ke khlaaye| mA hone para bhI yadi koI zodhakanA uma kSetra ko hI usakA janmasthAna mAna. le to usakI yaha dhAraNA manya nahIM mAnI jA mktii| isI prakAra yadi mahAvIra kA kAryakSetra adhikatara vidaha rahA hai yA vaidehI gajakanyA trizalA ke kAraNa vaidahI rahA bhI ho to unakA janmasthAna videha athavA vaizAlI mAna lenA 'bhrAmaka aura khokhalApana nahIM hai kyA? ataH yahA mA hI haA hai| kyoMki vidaha eva velie zabdoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI kA eka mohallA mAnane meM anya sabhI zAstrIya pramANa isake vigaMdha meM hai| isa mAnyatA kA koI mamarthana nahIM krnaa| isakA vistAra meM hama pahale vivecana kara Aye haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Anika zodhakanAM bhala ke pAtra bane haiN| para isa meM saMdeha nahIM ki aMga-magadha-videha janapadoM meM jainadharma kI prAcInakAla meM pradhAnatA rahI hai| isaliye videha janapada meM bhI jaina dhamAMnayAyiyoM kI adhika saMkhyA thii| kAraNa yaha thA ki yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parvavartI nathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tathA una ke vAda una kI parampaga ke zramaNamaMghoM ne ima janapada meM nitAta vicaraNa karake jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra kiyaa| jima meM jainadharma khuba phalA-phalA aura anuyAyiyoM meM vRddhi hotI gyii|

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dhatriyakara (9) yadi prAcIna zAstra mAhitya meM athavA kisI videzI yA bhAratIya vidvAna ne videha janapada meM jainoM kI saMkhyA adhika likhI yA dekhI ho aura usase anamAna kiyA ho ki bhagavAna kA janmasthAna vaizAlI hai to yaha bhI koI narkamaMgana nahIM hai| mA jarUrI nahIM hai ki jima pradeza meM dharmAnayAyioM kI saMkhyA adhika ho vahAM umake dharmapravartaka kA janmasthAna bhI ho| hama vartamAna meM dekhate haiM ki gajagata pradeza ahamadAvAda meM jainoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai to isakA kAraNa yaha nahIM hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna gajagata yA ahamadAbAda thaa| (10) zAstra aura inihAma kahatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra apane jIvanakAla meM kabhI bhI gajagata nahIM gaye iliye jaina janasaMkhyA ko adhika dekha kara mAna lenA ki gajagata-ahamadAvAda bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna hai kitanI bhayaMkara bhala hai| prAcInakAla meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha kA gajya magadha janapada meM jamaI maDavijana meM lacchaAr3a ke nikaTa kSatriyakaMDa meM thA yaha bAta Agama mammana hone hA bhI vartamAna meM vahAM jaina dharmAnuyAyI na hone ma yaha mAna lenA ki na to vahAM middhArtha kA gajya thA aura na hIM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| isameM bar3hakara aura kyA bhayaMkara bhala ho makatI hai? zAstra ke mAtha itihAma aura bhagola bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki yahIM rAjA siddhArtha kA nivAsasthAna thA eva yahIM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA thaa| ryAda isa dalIla ko na mAnakara ima kSatriyakaMDa ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane meM nakArate hai to yaha bAta videha vaizAlI para bhI lAga ho sakatI hai kyoMki vartamAna meM vahAM jainadhamAMnayAyI ekadama nahIM haiN| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki aimI 'bhrAmaka kalpanA ekadama khokhalI haiN| mI karyAktayoM se bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI kadApi svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| rAjA siddhArtha kA putra rAjA nandIvardhana (11) aMga-magadha ke gajA ajAtazatru (koNika) ne una menA lekA vaizAlI para pralayakArI aura videha janapada ke mahArAjA ceTaka (apane nAnA) ke mAtha 10 varSoM taka pralayaMkArI bhayaMkara yuddha karake unheM parAsta kiyaa| pazcAta vaizAlI meM gadhoM me hala calAkara use naSTa-bhraSTa (tahasa-nahama) kara diyA evaM umakA nAmo-nizAna miTAkara videha gaNataMtra ko apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| yadi yaha ghaTanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM huii| yadi kahaMgrAma (triyakaDaM-brahamaNakaDaM) vaizAlI ke mohalle hote to usa mohalle ke umagava var3A bhAI gajA nandIvardhana hotA to usakA rAjyakSetra bhI vaizAnI ke mApa hI

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rAjAnandavardhana samApta jhe.jAtA aura vaha svayaM bhI mArA jAtA yA apanA nivAsasthAna chor3akara kahIM banyAbalA aataa| na.nandIvardhana rahatAna kSatriyakaMDa rhtaa| yaha bhI apane rAjya se zava dho baitthtaa| parantu vaizAlI dhvaMsa ho jAne para bhI sajA nandIvardhana aura usakA rAjya surakSita rhe| kyoMki rAjA nandIvardhana aura usakA rAjya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM vidyamAna the| tabhI to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAvApurI meM nirvANa hone ke samAcAra pAte hI unake dAhasaMskAra ke avasara para zIghra pAvAparI pahaMca gye| yaha bAta bhI dhyAnIya hai ki yadi vaizAlI meM kSatriyakaMDa hotA to yaha pAvApurI se adhika dUra hone se ve vahAM dAhasaMskAra ke samaya para kadApi nahIM pahuMca sakate the| ata: nandIvardhana aura usake rAjya kA surakSita rahanA hI hameM lacchuAr3a vAle kSatriyakaMDa ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane ko bAdhya karatI hai| (12) vijayI ajAtazatru ne aMga janapada ko pahale hI apane rAjya meM milA liyA thaa| kSatriyakuMDagrAmanagara pahAr3oM se ghirA hone se prAcInakAla meM rAjA apane rAjya ko surakSita rakhane ke liye aise sthAnoM meM hI rAjadhAnI banAyA karate the aura aisI pahAr3I para hI maz2abUta kilA banAte the| rAjA siddhArtha ne bhI ina pahAr3iyoM para sudRr3ha kilA banavAyA thaa| jisa kI TUTI-phUTI dIvAreM Aja bhI ina pahAr3iyoM para dekhI jA sakatI haiN| ajAtazatru keliye isa kile ko jItanA asaMbhava thaa| kyoMki vaizAlI ke yuddha meM usakI sainikazakti kama ho gaI thii| isaliye yaha ajAtazatru ke adhIna nahIM ho paayaa| 4. bhASAzAstra (LINGUSTICAL) bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra apanI sthAnIya bhASA ardhamAgadhI meM kiyA thaa| yadi vaizAlI meM unakA janma hotA to unakI bhASA arddhamAgadhI na hokara bajjI athavA vaidehI hotii| arddhamAgadhI bhASA kA yaha eka mahatvapUrNa pramANa hai jo ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna daMDhane meM amogha sahayogI hai| lachuAr3a kA sabhI parvatIya pradeza Aja bhI mAgadhI bhASA-bhASiyoM kI paridhi meM AtA hai| , kucha logoM kA mata hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM sAre bhArata kI bhASA / arddhamAgadhI thI.para yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra hai yadi usa samaya sAre bhArata kI bhASA / ardhamAgadhI hotI to samakAlIna buddhadeva ne yaha bhASA na apanA kara pAlIbhASA meM - apanA upadeza kyoM diyA? saMskRta nATakoM meM jisa prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga kiyA

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kSatriyakuMDa 99 gayA hai| vaha bhI arddhamAgadhI se bhinna hai| digambara sampradAya ke granthoM kI prAkRta bhASA bhI arddhamAgadhI nahIM hai| ataH yaha pramANa hameM mAnane keliye bAdhya karate 51 1-1 ki arddhamAgadhI sAre bhArata kI bhASA nahIM thI apitu arddhamAgadhI magadha aura isake nikaTavartI pradeza kI bhASA thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI yaha mAtRbhASA hone se "" unhoMne isI bhASA meM upadeza karane kA nirNaya liyA ki janatA ko mAtRbhASA samajhane meM suvidhA rhegii| 15 .4771 (ARCHAEOLOGICAL) 7 " 5. purAtattva vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnanevAle apanI bAta kI puSTi keliye kucha purAtAtvika pramANa bhI dete haiM jo isa prakAra haiN| I. ma 1903 -4 DA. blAka kI dekha-rekha meM yaha khudAI kA kAma huaa| bAda meM 1913-14 meM DA. spUnara ne yahAM khudAI zurU kii| vizAlagar3ha kI khudAI meM bahuta sI muhareM aura padArtha mile jisase vaizAlI kI sthiti pUrNarUpa se sudRr3ha ho gayI aura aba to yahAM buddha kI asthiyAM bhI mila gayI haiM ataH isake bAre meM kiMcita bhI zaMkA nahIM kI jA sktii| ina asthiyoM kI carcA bauddha cInIyAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhI kI haiN| usake yAtrA vivaraNa ke AdhAra para purAtatvavettA varSo meM DhUMDha nikAlane ke prayAsa meM the| yaha sthAna aba taka rAjA vizAlagar3ha ke naoNma me prasiddha hai yaha AyatAkAra hai aura IMToM se bharA hai isakI paridhi lagabhaga eka mIla hai| DA. blAkha ke anusAra yaha gar3ha uttara kI ora 757 phuTa dakSiNa kI o 780 phuTa pUrva kI ora 1655 phuTa aura pazcima kI ora 1650 phaTa mambI hai| pAsa ke khetoM kI apekSA khaMDaharoM kI UMcAI lagabhaga ATha phaTa hai| kSaNa kI chor3a kara isake tInoM ora khAI hai| isa samaya yaha khAI 125 phaTa cau kintu kaniMghama ne isakI caur3AI 200 phuTa likhI hai isase mahaja hI anamAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki isa kile ke tIna ora khAI thii| varSA aura jAr3oM ka kA rAstA dakSiNa dizA se rahA hogaa| gar3ha se pazcima kI ora 52 (bAvana) pokharoM ke uttarI bhoTe para eka choTA sA Adhunika mandira hai vahAM ba bodhisatva, viSNu hara, gorI gaNeza, saptamAtRkA tathA jaina tIrthakara kI eka khaMDita madhyakAlIna pratimA prApta huI hai| vaha bhI mahAvIra athavA ceTaka ke. kala kI nahIM inase 1000 varSa bAda kI hai| ina maniyoM ke atirikta yahIM meM jo atyanta mahatvapUrNa cIjeM milI haiM ve rAjAoM ganiyoM tathA anya adhikAriya ke nAma sahita saikar3oM mudrAe haiM inameM se kucha mahAoM para lekha utkIrNa hai| - BI *

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baniyA-cakrAmadAma kolA 1. mahAgajAdhirAja candragupta kI patnI mahArAja zrI govindagAna kI mAtA mahAdevI zrI dhvsvaaminiiN| arthAt mahAgaja zrI candragAna kI pannI. mahAgaja zrI govindagapta kI mAtA mahAdevI zrI dhrvsvaaminii| 2. yavagaja bhaTTAraka pAdIya blaadhikrnn| arthAta mAnanIya zrI yavagaja kI mainA kA kaaryaaly| 3. thI paramabhaTTAraka pAdIya kmaagmaatyaadhikrnn| athAMta gajA kI menA meM lIna kamAra ke mantrI kA kaaryaaly| 4. dnnddpaashaadhikrnn| arthAta daNDAdhikArI kA kaaryaaly| 5. tiirbhktyprikaadhikrnn| arthAt nigahata (tirakti) ke gajyapAla kA kaaryaaly| 6. tIrabhakto vinA gnisthaapikaadhikrnn| arthAta tighata (tIrabhakti) ke samAcAra-saMzodhaka kA kaaryaaly| 7. vaishaalyaadhisstthaanaadhikrnn| arthAt vaizAlI nagara ke rAjyazAmana kA kaaryaaly| janati ke anamAra yahAM bAvana pokhareM (paSkaNiyAM) thiiN| kinta kaniMghama bAvana meM me kevala 16 kA patA pA sake the| vaizAlI ke rAjAoM ke rAjyAbhiSeka kaeNlae ina pokhage kA jala kAma meM liyA jAnA hogaa| baniyAaura cakrAmadAsa basAr3hagar3ha ke uttara-pazcima meM lagabhaga eka mIla kI darI para baniyAgAMva hai isakA dakSiNI bhAga cakrAmadAsa hai| eca. bI. Dablya gairika ne yahAM se prApta do prastara martiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo mApa me (1) 12 phaTa 2 iMca 14 phaTa 2 iMca aura (2) eka phaTa 10 iMca. 1 phuTa 3 ica thii| (ye pratimAeM jaina nahIM thIM) yahAM sikke, miTTI ke pAtra Adi bhI prApta hue haiN| yahAM se milI vastao me miTTI kA banA dIvaTa bhI hai| gale ke AbhaSaNa mile haiN| gar3ha aura cakrAmadAma ke bIca lagabhaga AdhA mIla lambA posara hai jo ghaDadaur3a ke nAma se prasiddha hai cakrAmadAsa ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM kucha UMce sthala haiM jinapara prAcIna khaMDahara hai| koluA gar3ha ke uttara-pazcima meM lagabhaga eka mIla kI dUrI para koluA nAmaka sthAna meM azoka kA stambha (barabarA kI dakSiNa parva meM eka mIla kI darI para stUpa), markaTa hRda (gamakaMDa) hai| vaizAlI ke saMbaMdha meM haghaGamAMga ne jo likhA hai usase ina sthAnoM kA ThIka-ThIka mela baiThatA hai| isameM vaizAlI ke gajaprAsAda kI paridhi 4-5 lI (5 lI = 1 mIla) likhI hai| vartamAna gar3ha kI pargidha 5 hajAra

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101. kSatriyakaMDa phaTa me kacha kama hai| ye donoM niyAM eka damare meM atyanta nikaTa haiN| umana likhA hai ki uttara pazcima meM azoka dvAga banAyA huA eka stUpa hai aura 50-60 phaTa UMcA patthara kA eka stambha hai isake zikhara para siMha kI mati hai| mtambha ke dakSiNa meM eka tAlAva hai java baddhadeva imamthAna para rahate the taba unake upayoga kelae hI yaha nirmANa kiyA gaya thaa| pokhara me kucha dara pazcima meM eka dasaga matapa hai yaha usa sthAna para hai jahAM vandaroM ne baddha ko madha arpaNa kiyA thaa| pokhara ke uttara parva ke kone para bandara kI eka mUrti bhI hai| ___ Ajakala kI rthAita yaha hai ki koluA meM eka stambha hai| jisa para maMha kI mati hai usake uttara meM azoka stambha hai imake dakSiNa kI ora rAmakaMDa pokhara hai jo ki bauddha itihAsa meM markaTahada ke nAma meM pramiddha hai| ___ yahAM kI janatA azokamtambha ko bhIma kI lAThI kahatI hai yaha mi meM : phaTa 2 iMca UMcA hai| stambha kA zIrSabhAga ghaMTI ke AkAra kA hai| jo phaTa 10 iMca UMcA hai| isake Upara ke prastara khaMDa para uttargAbhamakha eka siMha baiThA hai| janarala kaniMghama ne caudaha phaTa nIce taka imakI khadAI kI thI nava bhImtambha unheM utanA hI camakIlA milA thA jitanA ki vaha Upara thaa| mtambha ke uttara meM bIma gaja kI darI para eka dhvasta mtapa hai yaha 15 phaTa UcA hai| dharatI para isakA vyAma 5 phaTa hai imameM lagI IMToM kA AkAra 1-1 ica hai| gnapa ka Upara eka Adhunika maMdira hai| isameM vodhivRkSa ke nIce mpazaMmadrA meM baiThI bar3ha kI eka vizAla mati hai| jo makaTa hAra aura kaNaMbhaSaNa pahane hai| (alaMkana mani bodhimatva kI kahalAtI hai romI alaMkRta matiyAM baddhadeva kI bodhi prApti meM pahalI avasthA kI haiN| isa mani ke donoM tarapha alakAgaM meM oNkana baiTI haTa matiyAM bhI haiN| unake hAtha isa prakAra haiM ki mAno bodhi prApti ke lie prArthanA kara rahe haiM ina donoM choTI maniyoM ke nIce nimnalikhita poktayAM nAgarga ma utkIrNa hai- 1. deya dharmo'yAra pravara mahAyAna thinaH kaNikochAhaH (utsAhamya) mA (1) Nakya suttsm| 2. yadatra puNya tadabhavatvAcAryoM-pAdhyAya mAnA pitogatmAnaJca pavAMgamama (ka) : nvA ma kala (ta) nvagagegnanara (jAnA vA dhRyeti)| athAMta mANikya ke patra lekhaka aura mahAyAna ke pagmAnayAyI ugAha kA dharma pravaMtaka kiyA gayA yaha dAna hai| isama jo bhI paNya hA vaha AcArya upAdhyAya, mAtA pitA aura apane meM lekara mamagna prANimAtra ka anannakalyANa liye ho| mtambha me 50 phaTa kI darga para gamahaTa athavA makaTahara hai| hama kinAra kaTAgArazAlA thI imI zAlA meM hI baddha ne apane nivAMNa kI apana ziSya Anan

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102 bauddha kAla meM pAnI ko sUcanA dI thii| yahAM khudAI karane para pUrva se pazcima kI ora jAnevAlI eka moTI dIvAra hai.yaha pakkI iMToM kI banI hai| isakI IMTa 549/ 2 iMca kI hai| dIvAra ke pazcimI chora para eka choTe stUpa ke avazeSa pAe gae haiN| isakI IMTeM idhara-udhara bikharI par3I thiiN| jisakA UparI bhAga yola thA usake bIca meM eka caukora cheda thaa| kaniMghama kA mata hai ki yaha stUpa ke Upara kI ITa rahI hogii| kolavA, baniyA aura vasAr3ha se pazcima meM nyorInAlA kA purAnA ghATa bahata dara taka calA gayA hai| aba isameM khetI hotI hai| . yaha janazruti prasiddha hai ki prAcIna vaizAlI ke cAroM koNoM para cAra zivaliMga sthApita the|is kA AdhAra kyA hai kahA nahIM jA sktaa| isake sambandha meM koI pramANa bhI upalabdha nahIM hai| uttarapUrvI mahAdeva jo kRpanachaparAgAcchI meM hai vaha vAstava meM buddha kI mUrti hai jo nAgArjuNa hai| uttarapazcima meM eka saMgamaramara kA liMga banA huA hai| yaha bilkula Adhunika hai ina donoM ko yahAM kI janatA bar3I zraddhA bhakti bhAva se pUjatI hai| bauddha yAtriyoM ke kAla meM vaizAlI baddha kI antima yAtrA ke kathana ke bAda logoM ne yaha stupa banavAyA thaa| yahAM se pazcima meM tIna cAra lI kI dUrI para eka stUpa hai| buddha ke parinivarNi se sau varSa bAda vaizAlI ke bhikSuoM ne vinayadazazIla ke viruddha AcaraNa kiyA thaa| isa sthAna se cAra yojana. calakara pAMca nadiyoM ke saMgama para phuNce| Ananda magadha se apane parinirvANa kelie vaizAlI ko cale, devatAoM ne ajAtazatru ko sUcanA dii| vaha turanta ratha para baiThakara senA ke sAtha nadI para phuNcaa| jaba vaizAlI ke licchiviyoM ne Ananda kA Agamana sunA to unheM lene kelie ve bhI nadI pAra phuNce| Ananda ne socA ki Age bar3hatA hUM to ajAtazatru bUrA mAnatA hai yadi lauTatA haiM to licchivI rokate haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa Ananda ne nadI ke bIca hI tejokasina (tejAkRtsana) yoga ke dvArA parinirvANa lAbha kiyaa| inake zarIra ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kara eka-eka donoM taToM para pahuMcAyA gyaa| donoM rAjAoM ko AdhA-AdhA zarIra milaa| ve lauTa Aye aura apane sthAnoM para stUpa bnvaaye| yuvAMgacyAMDa ne likhA hai ki isa (vaizAlI) rAjya kA kSetraphala lagabhaga 5000 lI (eka hajAra mIla) hai| bhUmi uttama tathA upajAU hai, phala phala bahuta adhika hote haiN| vizeSakara Ama aura moca (kelA) adhikatA se hote haiN| mahaMge bikate haiN| jalavAyu sahaja aura madhyama hai| manuSyoM kA AcaraNa zuddha aura saccA

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102. kSatriyakuMDa hai| bauddha evaM bauddhetara donoM hI milajula kara rahate haiN| yahAM kaI sI saMcArAma khaMDahara haiN| tIna pA~ca aise haiM jinameM bahuta hI kama bhikSu rahate hai 10-20 mandira devatAoM ke haiM jinameM aneka dharmAnuyAyI upAsanA karate haiM jaina dharmAnuyAyI kaoNphI saMkhyA meM hai| vaizAlI rAjadhAnI kucha-kucha khaMDahara hai| purAne nagara kA pairA lagabhaga 60-70 lI (12-14 mIla) hai aura rAjamahala kA vistAra 4-5 lI ( lagabhaga 1 mIla) ke ghere meM hai| bahuta thor3e loga isameM nivAsa karate haiN| rAjadhAnI ke pazcimottara 5-6 lI kI dUrI para eka saMghArAma (bIddhamaTha) hai usameM kucha bauddhabhikSu rahate haiM ye loga sammatiya saMsthA ke anuyAyI haiN| uparyukta sAre vivaraNa meM vizeSarUpa se bauddha saMpradAya kelie hI likhA gayA hai kyoMki isa vivaraNa meM bauddha yAtrI hvenasAMga ke lekhoM kA AdhAra hai| jainadharma ke viSaya meM koI vizeSajAnakArI nahI hai ataH yahAM para do tIna muddoM para hI vicAra karanA hai 1. lekhaka ne vizAlagar3ha ke pazcima meM 52 pokhara ke uttarI mor3a para eka choTe se Adhunika jainetara mandira kA ullekha kiyA hai aura isa kSetra meM, bauddha, vaiSNava Adi saMpradAyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke prApta hone kA bhI jikra kiyA hai| evaM jaina tIrthaMkara kI madhyakAlIna khaMDita mUrti bhI prApta huI hai aisA likhA hai / 2. saikar3oM mudrAeM milI haiM jina para jainetara rAjA rAnI athavA unake kAryAlayoM Adi ke lekha aMkita haiM / 3. koluA, baniyA aura basAr3ha eka hI paMkti meM eka-eka mIla kI dUrI para haiM / 4. isa kSetra meM Ama aura kele ke vRkSoM kI vizeSa paidAvAra hai / 5. hvenasAMga ke samaya meM vaizAlI meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA kAphI thI / 6. videha meM prAcInakAla meM bauddhastaMbha aura stUpa vidyamAna the jo vartamAna meM prAyaH khaNDita hai| AcArya zrI vijayendra sUri ne kSatriyakuMDa ko vaizAlI meM siddha karane ke lie uparyukta ina bAtoM kA AlaMbana liyA hai| uparyukta saMdarbha para vicAraNA 1. yahAM jo jainatIrthaMkara kI madhyakAlIna khaMDita mUrti milane kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha vikrama kI 12/15 zatAbdI kI hai isa para koI lekha athavA lAMchana aMkita hone kA bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA ataH yaha mahAvIra kI pratimA nahIM hai aura na mahAvIrakAlIna hai| yadi yaha mUrti mahAvIra kI hotI to AcArya zrI isakA nAma aura samaya phoTo Adi apane mata kI puSTi kelie avazya dete *

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baina zAmana meM napa nirmANa isarI bAta yaha hai ki eka athavA aneka tIrthakaroM kI prAcIna athavA arvAcIna baDita yA bakhaMDita mUrtiyAM mila bhI jAtI to jarUrI nahIM hai ki isa bAdhAra se vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnaliyA jaay| jahAM jisake anuyAyI hote haiM vahAM ve loga apane ISTadeva kI pUjA-arcA-bhakti keliye unake smAraka, maMdira, pratimAeM, sthApita karalete haiN| isaliye jAM jisa tIrthakara kA smAraka, maMdira, pratimA ho use usa tIrthaMkara kA janmasthAna honA hI hai aisI mAnyatA prAMta aura khokhalI hai| (2) vaizAlI meM jo saikaDoM mudrAe va muhareM milI haiM unameM jainoM saMbaMdhI eka bhI nahIM hai| ataH janmasthAna kI puSTi keliye inakA koI upayoga nahIM hai (3) vaizAlI meM koluA, baniyA aura vasADhaekahI dizA meM haiN| aura eka-eka mIla kI dUrI para paktibaddha hone se bhI koluA athavA vasAha ko kSatriyakaMDa kI kalpanA karalene se bhI unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki prAcIna jainAgama zAstroM kI mAnyatA inheM eka hI dizA meM mAnanA svIkAra nahIM krtii| hama pahale bhI vistAra se likha Aye haiM ki vaizAlIgar3a nadI ke pUrvI taTa para thA evaM baniyA (vANijyagrAma) aura kolaA (kollAga) gaDakI nadI ke pazcimI taTa para the ataH ye usa samaya kI bhaugolika mAnyatA ke virodha meM jAte haiM (4) vaizAlI kSetra meM Ama aura kele ke vRkSoM kI upaja bahata saMkhyA meM thI isa kSetra meM zAla, AMvalA, Adi ke upaja kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA lene ke bAda dIkSA sthAna se calakara jahAM-jahAM unakA vihAra huA vahAM vahAM zAla, AMvalA Adi vRkSoM kI bahatAyata thii| bahazAlAdi udyAnoM kA jikra bAra-bAra AtA hai ataH isase bhI vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane kI paSTi nahIM hotI (5) kahIM para jainarmiyoM kI adhikatA hone se hI usa sthAna ko tIrthakara kA janmasthAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki jaina dharmAnuyAyI prAcInakAla se vartamAna taka yatra-tatra-sarvatra deza-videza ke nagaroM, grAmoM meM adhika saMkhyA meM bhI rahate Aye haiM aura raheMge ata isa AdhAra se bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI mAna lenA yaktisaMgata nahIM hai| isapara hama vistAra se likha Aye haiM (6) videha Adi janapado meM jainoM ke bahuta saMkhyA meM stambha,stRpa Adi the jinheM videzI bauddhayAtriyoM ne bauddhoM ke mAnakara apanI yAtrAvivaraNoM meM likhakara bauddhadharmakI chApa lagA dI hai aura isI ko AdhAra mAnakara itihAsakAra isa prAMta mAnyatA ko paSTa karate jA rahe haiM yaha kheda kA viSaya hai| jainazAsana meM stUpoM kA nirmANa

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105 tripakaMDa yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki jainadharma vizva kA prAcInatama dharma hai ise kAlakI paridhi meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA (isakA hama jainadharma ke prakaraNa meM vistAra se ullekha kara Aye haiM) vartamAna avasarpiNIkAna meM isa dharma ke Adi pravartaka bhagavAna zrI RSabhadeva (bAdinAtha)hue haiM aura kramazaHvardhamAna mahAvIra taka 24 tIrthakara dharmapravartaka ho cuke haiN| mahAvIra buddha ke samakAlIna the| zAkyamuni gautamabuddhadeva ne buddhadharma kI sthApanA kii| tIrthaMkaroM, zramaNoM, zramaNiyoM kI smRti meM zrI RSabhadeva se lekara bAjataka jainoM ne stUpoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jaina sAhitya meM aneka jainastUpoM ke ullekha milate haiN| AcArya jinadatta sari ke jainastUpoM meM surakSita zAstra bhaMDAroM se kucha graMtha prApta karane ke ullekha milate haiN| jainasamATa saMprati maurya ne apane pitA kuNAla ke lie takSazilA meM stUpa kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jainasAhitya meM takSazilA, kailAza (aSTApada) parvata para tIna stUpoM, hastinApura meM pAMca stUpoM, siMhapura (paMjAba), bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa bhUmi pAvApurI Adi bhArata meM sarvatra jainastUpoM ke nirmANa ke pramANa milate haiN| mathurA meM supArzvanAtha ke dhvaMsa jainastUpoM kI khudAI se saikar3oM jainapratimAeM AyAgapaTTa Adi mile haiN| vaizAlI meM atiprAcInakAla se bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratasvAmI kA jainastUpa tathA anya bhI stUpa the| jisakA jikra buddha ne apane ziSya Ananda se kiyA hai| jisakI pUjA arcA vahAM ke rAjA ceTaka tathA prajA karate the| usa munisuvratasvAmI ke stUpa ko vaizAlI vijaya karate samaya dhvaMsa kara diyA gayA thaa| takSazilA meM bIsoM bainastUpa the| kAzmIra meM I. pU. 15vIM zatAbdI meM rAjA satyapratijJa azoka, usake putra jaloka, lalitAditya Adi aneka rAjAoM, maMtriyoM .Adi ne jainastUpoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kaliMgAdhipati jainarAjA mahAmeghavAhana khAravela ne (vi. pU.) ur3IsA meM khaMDagiri udayagiri parvata meM jainagaphAoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| bharata cakravartI, samprati maurya, navanandoM Adi ne, mahAbhArata-kAlIna kAMgaDA (himAMcalapradeza) keliye Adi meM aneka cakravartiyoM, pratApI rAjA, mahArAjA hue hai| jinhoMne jainamtRpoM, gaphAoM, gaganacambI mandigeM, jainatIrthoM kA nirmANa kagayA thaa| aise ullekha jainamAhitya aura zilAlekhoM meM bhare par3e haiN| mA hone para bhI bauddha-cInIyAtriyoM ne kimI bhI jainagaphA kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kavi-kalhaNa ne gajatargeganI meM kahA hai ki kAzmIra ke jainanarezoM dvAga aneka gajAoM mahAgajAoM, maMtriyoM, gRhasthoM ne jainampanoM. guphAoM, madiroM kA nimArNa kagayA thA videzI vauddha yAtriyoM ne bhArata meM Akara jahAM bhI koI stupa pAyA ume vauddhoM kenAma kI ghoSaNA kara dii| kanidhama Adi ' pAzcAtya purAtatvavettAoM ne bhI jainamtapoM. ghegeM ko hamezA bauddhoM kA kahA hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| I. maM. 1897 meM bulaha sAhaba ne java mathaga ke

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bhaugolika tarka 106 jainastUpa kA patA lagAyA aura jaba taka eka kathA zIrSaka unakA nibandha prakAzita nahIM huA taba taka aisI hI bhAMti calatI rahI I. saM. 1901 meM jaba unakA yaha nibandha prakAzita huA taba mAlUma huA ki bauddhoM ke samAna bauddhakAla se bhI pahale jainoM ke ghere aura stUpa bahulatA se maujUda the| bhAratIya purAtAtvika vidvAna dRr3hatA ke sAtha vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna zAyada isalie bhI mAnane lage haiM ki isa kSetra meM kucha jainatIrthaMkaroM kI khaMDita akhaMDita mUrtiyAM prApta huI hai parantu sarvazrI ajayakumAra sinhA rajisTariMga padAdhikArI purAtatva vibhAga bhAgalapura likhate haiM ki purAtatvavettA hone ke nAte maiMne vaizAlI, kuMDalapura aura lacchu Ar3a ina tInoM sthAnoM kA sarvekSaNa kiyA hai| lacchuAr3a aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kAle pASANa kI baiThI huI kucha AkarSaka mUrtiyA dekhI haiN| jinapara lekha aMkita haiM aura kAphI mUrtiyAM jinapara lekha aMkita nahIM haiM prAcInakAla kI haiM vaha jo mandiroM meM padhArI huI haiM aura unakI pUjA arcA hotI hai| nizcaya hI vikrama kI 9vIM zatAbdI kI haiM tathA bahuta hI vizAla haiN| kucha ina me bhI prAcIna haiN| ye saba bAte isa sthAna ko janmasthAna mAnane kI puSTi karanI haiN| parantu koI bhI aisA prAcIna avezaSa vaizAlI meM nahIM pAyA gyaa| dhyAnIya hai ki paramparAyeM mazakala se khatama huA karatI haiN| prAcInakAla meM hI isa paramparA ne sadaravartI yAtriyoM ko lacchu Ar3a kI ora AkarSita kiyA hai| paranta vaizAlI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAna kara vahAM kabhI bhI koI jainayAtrImaya yA jainayAtrI nahI gayA aura na hI Ajataka isakA ullekha yA vivaraNa hI mila pAyA hai| kSatriyakuMDa kI prAcIna aura arvAcIna mAnyatAoM para vicAra 6-7 bhaugolika aura tarka (GEOGRAPHICALLY & LOGICALLY) Aryadeza aura kSatriyakuMDanagara

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zanimakuDa 107 (1) bhAratavarSa ke madhyakhaMDa meM 25 | | ( sAr3he pancIsa) Aryadeza (janapada) haiM- jahAM tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi zalAkA-puruSa janma lete haiM, be Aryadeza kahe jAte haiN| tIrthakara, zramaNa zramaNiyAM prAyaH inhIM kSetroM meM vihAra ( Ate jAte aura nivAsa karate haiM) isalie tIrthakaroM kI vihAra-bhUmiyAM, kalyANaka - bhUmiyAM inhIM janapadoM meM haiN| kSatriyakuMDanagara magadha janapada meM aura vaizAlI videha janapada meM haiN| ye donoM Aryadeza meM haiN| yathA Aryadeza nAmAvali0 2 Aryadeza rAjadhAnI 10. jAMgala ahichatrA 11. vatsa kauzAmbI tAlipta 12. saurASTra dvAravatI kAcanapura 13. videha mithilA vArANasI 14. malaya 15. matsya verATa bhaddilapura sAketa 7. kuru hastinApura 16 zAMDilya nandIpura 8 kuzAta zaurIpura 17. astya vAruNI 9. pAcAla kAMpilya bauddhagraMthoM meM 16 janapada madhyadeza meM honA likhA hai| yathA - 1. kAzI. 2. kauzala, 3. aMga 4. magadha 5. vajji, 6 caitIya (ceTI) 7. malla, 8. vaMza (vatsa), 9. kuru, 10, pAMcAla, 11. maccha (matsya) 12. zUrasena 13. ammA ( azyaka) 14. avantI 15. gAMdhAra 16. kamboja / Aryadeza 1. magadha 2 aMga 3. baga 4 kaliMga 5. kAzI 6. kozala rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI campA Aryadeza rAjadhAnI 19. bedI zuktirmAta 20. sidhusauvIra bItabhayapatana 21. sarasena 22. bhaMgI 23. vattaM 24. kuNAla 25. gaDa 25 / / kekeya ( paMjAba ) 18. dazArNa mRtikAvatI ke nikaTa eka nagara ) mathurA pAvA mAsapurI zrIvastI koTivarSa zvetAMvikA (myAlakoTa) " jainazAstroM 25 / / AryadezoM, aura bauddhagraMthoM meM 16 janapadoM ko bhAratavarSa meM madhyadeza kahA hai| yAni ye dharmakSetra haiN| aMga, magadha aura vajji (videha ) ina tInoM janapadoM ko ina donoM ne dharmakSetra kahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prAcIna janmabhUmi kA mAnyatA lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa kuMDagrAma magadha janapada kI hai| arvAcIna mAnyatA vajji (videha) janapada kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ke eka mohalle kI hai| ye donoM madhyaMdeza- AryakSetroM meM haiN|

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gajadhAnI vaizAlI-bamAna videha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM vaizAlI vajji gaNataMtra rAjya kA keMdra nagara evaM gajadhAnI thii| licchivI kSatriya jAti ke ceTaka yahAM ke mahAgajA the| uma mamaya licchiviyoM kA prabhAva aura prasiddha khaba thii| videha janapada sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI caramasImA para the| itihAsa meM videha. vaidehI. videhadanA. licchivI dohitra, vaizAlika Adi vizeSaNa athavA nAma vizeSa AdaraNIya evaM prazaMsanIya the| mahAgajA ceTaka ke zAsanakAla meM vaizAlI mahAvaibhavazAlI aura unnata nagara thaa| yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nanihAla thii| mahAgajA ceTaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mAmA aura nandIvardhana ke mamara the evaM daDha jainadhamIM the| vaizAlI aura vasAr3ha vaizAlI dhvaMma ho jAne para Aja usake sthAna para vasAr3agar3ha hai| jo paTanA me 27 mIla uttara kI tarapha hai| isake vAyavyakoNa meM vaniyAMgAMva hai| vAyavyottara meM koluagAMva hai| IzAna meM vasukaMDagrAma hai aura parva meM kAmanagAcchI hai| naiRtya koNa meM stapa, baniyA aura kolaA ke pazcima meM nyorI nAlA hai| ise nevalA nAma kI nadI bhI kahA jAtA hai| prAcInakAla kI vaizAlI, vANijyagrAma aura kollAga ke sAtha arvAcIna vasAr3ha, baniyAM aura kolaA kI mAtra nAmasamyAtA hai| jabaki baniyA aura vasAr3a ke bIca gaMDakI nadI hai| yaha bhannatA hai| nadI kA bahAva badala gayA ho athavA gAMvoM kA sthAna badala gayA ho paranta yaha bAta caukama hai ki ima vamAr3ha aura baniyA ke bIca nadI nahIM hai| jAtikA athavA nAdikA gAMva vaizAlI ke dakSiNa meM thA, yaha vamADha ke dakSiNa meM nahIM hai| vasakaMDagrAma vaizAlI ke IzAna meM nahIM thaa| yaha Aja vamAr3ha ke IzAna meM hai| kSatriyakaMDa aura ye donoM eka kaise bana makate haiM? kaMDapara ke badale vamakaMDa zabda bane isakA AdhAra pATa bhI nahIM miltaa| kadAcita kalpanA kareM to bhI kuDagrAma ke sthAna para vaskaMDa banA ho aimA mAnane ke badale vaizyagrAma ke sthAna para vAsakaMDa banA ho aimA mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata hai| alaga pramANoM se yahAM to itanA hI kahA jA makatA hai ki vaizAlI ke sthAna para Aja vasAr3ha gAMva bamA huA hai|

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triyakaDa rAjadhAnI kuMDapura AcAgaMga. bhagavatI, kalpamatra, Avazyaka niryAkna meM kSatriyakaMDa keliye kaMDapagnagara. mAhaNakaMDagrAmanagara, triyakaMDagrAma nagara. dakSiNa brAhmaNakaMDa. manniveza, uttarakSatriyakaMDapara manniveza brAhamakuMDagrAma Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hai| hamane yahAM phuTanoTa meM AcArAMga, kalpasUtra, bhagavatI, Avazyaka niyukti Adi ke pAThoM meM Ae kuMDapura Adi zabdoM ke pramANa diye haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki kuMDapura bar3A nagara thaa| usa ke do bhAga the| pUrva meM brAhmaNakuMDanagara aura pazcima meM kSatriyakuMDanagara thaa| ina donoM ke bhI do-do vibhAga the| 1. uttara brAhmaNakaMDanagara aura 2. dakSiNa braahmnnkNddngr| ina vibhAgoM meM brAhmaNoM ke ghara vizeSa the| 3. uttara kSatriyakaMDanagara 4. dakSiNa kSatriyakaMDanagara ina do vibhAgoM meM kSatriya adhika rahate the| brAhmaNakaMDa ke pAsa bahazAlacaitya udyAna thaa| isa udyAna ke bIca meM caitya thaa| kSatriyakaMDa ke pAsa jJAtakhaMDavanaudyAna thaa| isa udyAna meM caitya (maMdira) nahIM thaa| isI udyAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| hama likha Aye hai ki sanniveza ke aneka artha hai| sArthavAha aura musAfira nivAma jahAM eka artha yaha bhI hotA hai| jaise vartamAnakAla meM amaka-amaka koma ke phAsale para masAphiroM kI vidhA keliye DAkabaMgale hote haiN| auroM ke lie par3Ava sthAna hote haiN| minAra hote haiM, sarAya hotI hai. vaise prAcIna kAla meM mamAphiroM laye bar3e-bar3e nagaroM-gAMvoM meM vairAMna jaMgaloM meM amaka kosa ke phAmale para bAvaDI, jalAzaya. puSkaraNI ke nikaTa sanniveza hote the| kSatriyakaMDa bhI eka bar3A nagara thA. gajadhAnI bhI thii| usake bAhara mArthavAhoM. mamAphige keliye rAjya kI tarapha se vizrAmasthala banAye jAte the| ilie ve nagara-grAma manniveza ke nAma se bhI prasiddha the| kaDapura ke rAjyaputra jamAlI ne 500 kSatriyo kemAtha aura usakI bhAyAM priyadarzanA ne 1000 kSatriyANiyoM ke mAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSAe grahaNa kI thiiN| ina AMkar3oM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaMhA vahata bar3I sakhyA meM kSatriya parivAra AbAda the| inakI jJAtR pramukha aneka jAtiyAM thiiN| imI prakAra brAhmaNakaMDa meM brAhmaNo ke ghara bar3I saMkhyA meM the| isa prakAra isa samucaya kaMDaparanagara meM mukhya rUpa se kSatriya evaM brAhmaNa aura gauNa rUpa meM vaizya, zilpakAra aura antyaja (cAgeM vargoM ke loga rahate the| isalie yaha mahAnagara thaa| tathA jJAtavaMzIya siddhArtha ke pazcAt usake patra nandIra bana kI rAjadhAnI thaa| iliye yaha mahAnagara thaa)| keMDapura ke nagara vibhAga, gharoM. udyAnoM, dukAnoM. sanniveza ke AMkar3oM meM niHsaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya

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.110 rAjadhAnI bAtriya kuMDapura eka bar3A jAhojalAlI vAlA mahAnagara thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke svapna janma, varSIdAna, dIkSA Adi mahotsavoM ke varNana bhI kaMDapura ko bar3e mahAnagaroM ke rUpa meM samarthana karate haiN| . . . . . kaMDapuranagara ke rAjyaparivAra ke varNana meM narendra, daMDanAyaka, yuvarAja, senApati, kotavAla, maMtrI, mahAmaMtrI, dUta, dvArapAla Adi bIsa prakAra ke padAdhikAriyoM ke kalpasUtra meM varNana se spaSTa hai ki kuMDapura ko rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM pUrA samarthana milatA hai| (hama isa kA varNana vistAra pUrvaka pahale kara Ae haiM) jaise vaizAlI licchiviyoM (vajjiyoM) kA rAjadhAnI thI, vaise hI kaiMDapura bhI eka mahAnagara aura mAtRkSatriyoM kI rAjadhAnI thaa| 1. kuDapura kisa sthAna meM thA, zAstroM meM isa kA varNana nahIM miltaa| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vihAra meM brAhmaNakaMDagrAma kA zAstroM meM varNana AtA hai| yadi yaha vahI bhagavAna mahAvIra vAlA brAhmaNakuMDapura nagara ho to nizcaya hai ki kuMDapura nagara gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM thaa| kyoMki bhagavAna rAjagRhI se vihAra karate hue kollAga, svarNakhala, aura brAhmakuMDagrAma hokara caMpA padhAre the aura unhoMne vahAM caumAsA kiyA thaa| isakA ullekha hama Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 74-75 mUlapATha se kara Ae haiN| isa saMdarbha meM mAna sakate haiM ki kaMDapara gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM rAjagRhI aura caMpA ke bIca meM thaa| hama yaha bhI spaSTa kara Ae haiM ki kaMDapura eka svataMtra rAjya thaa| usake vAyavya meM magadharAjya uttara meM medAgiri kA pradeza aura dakSiNa meM malaya rAjya thaa| 2. hama vistAra se likha Ae haiM ki kuMDapuranagara pahAr3I-ghATiyoM para thaa| bhagavAna ke garbhAvasthA meM dohaloM kI pUrti, janmotsava, krIr3Asthala, dIkSA; jamAlI, priyadarzanA, RSabhadatta brAhamaNa dampatti kI dIkSAeM sabhI inhIM ghATiyoM para hue the aura una ghaTanAoM kI smRti meM una ghATiyoM ke nAma kI dikkarAnI Adi Aja bhI isa kSetra ke AbAla-vRddhoM ke mukha se mukharita hote haiN| padyapi ina ghATiyoM ke ye nAmakaraNa kyoM hue? ise ve bhUla cuke haiN| ___ 3. brAhmaNakuMDa ke nikaTa bahuzAlacaitya udyAna thA jahAM RSabhadatta Adi kI dIkSAeM haI thiiN| Aja bhI isa kSetra meM zAla-AMvalA Adi vakSoM kI bahatAyata hai| ye vRkSa UMcI pahAr3iyoM para hI pAe jAte haiN| 4. kSatriyakuMDa se kumAragrAma jAne ke lie jala-sthala do mArga the aisI sthiti pahAr3I jamIna hone ke kAraNa hI ho sakatI hai| kyoMki nadiyAM pahAr3oM para bala (mor3a) khAtI huI calatI haiN|

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kSatriyakaha .. 11. 5. aisI sthiti meM chApura pahAr3I-ghATI para hI honA caahie| aisA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA bhI hama likha Ae haiM ki prAcInakAla meM apanI evaM apane deza kI surakSA ke lie adhikatara pahAr3iyoM para hI rAjadhAniyoM kA nirmANa hotA thA aura unheM gherate hue kiloM kA nirmANa bhI pahAr3iyoM para hI kiyA jAtA thaa| jaise cittaur3agar3ha aadi| . .. . atriyakuMDa aura nAdiyA (mAMtika) gAMva Avazyaka niyukti meM zAtakhaMDavana se kumAragrAma jAne keliye jo nadImArga hai| usa nadI kA nAma nahIM likhA evaM yaha bhI nahIM patA calatA ki usameM bAraha mAsa pAnI rahatA thA yA nhiiN| para yaha to spaSTa hai ki caumAse meM varSA ke kAraNa saba nadiyoM meM bharapara pAnI rahatA hai| isaliye yaha nadI kArtika-magasira mAsa meM pAnI se avazya bharapara hogii| yaha nadI pahAr3I hone ke kAraNa aisA bala khAtI hogI ki thor3A adhika calane para bala khAtI huI Age cale jAne se kamAragrAma ko sthalamArga se bhI jAyA jA sakatA thaa| nadI ke sAmane gAMva ho to nadI ko pAra karanA hI par3atA hai| yadi nadI ke isI taTa para gAMva-nagara ho aura nadI bala khAtI Age bar3ha jAve aura bIca meM dUsarA bala khA kara pIche calI jAtI ho taba nadI ke kinAre-kinAre sthalAMga se calakara sAmane grAma pahuMca sakate haiN| yAni yadi aisA bala khAyI nadI ho to use lAMghane kI jarUrata nahIM pdd'tii| eka bAta pahAr3I nadiyoM kI vizeSa hotI hai- 1. cAnasamA aura pIpara, 2. lacchAr3a aura kSatriyakaMDa 3. khApA kA baMgalA aura kAlIkAMkara, 4. vetarabadanUra aura elacipura ke bIca isI prakAra kI nadiyoM meM jalamArga aura sthalamArma par3ate haiN| kSatriyakaMDa pahAr3I-ghATI para to hai hii| pahAr3a para se samatala bhUmi para Ane keliye nadI kinAre kA mArga adhika sarala hotA hai| kyoMki caumAse meM pahAr3I nadiyoM kA pAnI bacAnaka vega se tuphAna banakara bahatA hai| prAcInakAla meM yahAM nadI ke pAsa eka aisA mAna hogA ki jahAM se gujarate hue musAphiroM ko nadI ke khar3e-pATa calanA par3atA hogaa| apavA navI ko dobArA lAMgha kara samatala bhUmi para Ane keliye utAra-car3hAva kaThina mArga bhI hote haiN| ataH vahAM nadI se dUra aisA rAstA bhI hogA ki jahAM calate hue bIca meM nadI nahI aave| kSatriyakuMDa se kumAragrAma jAne keliye isI prakAra ke do mArga honA saMbhava hai|

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112 triyakaMDa makara vaizAlI vAlI gaMDakI nadI aura kSatriyakaMDa kI pahAr3I nadIye donoM eka nahIM haiN| ina donoM ke bahane kI dizAeM bhI alaga-alaga thiiN| gaMDakI dvArA vaizAlI meM vANijyagrAma jAne ke lie eka hI jalamArga thaa| evaM kSatriyakaDa se kamAragrAma jAne keliye jala-sthala do mArga the| jaise gaMDakI nadI aura pahAr3I nadI judA haiM vaime vaizAlI aura kaMDapura bhI judA-judA nagara the| vaizAlI kA gajA ceTaka aura kaMDapura kA gajA siddhArtha paraspara sAlA bahanoI the| donoM ke rAjya bhI jadA jadA the| ceTaka kA gajya gaMgA ke uttara videha meM thA aura siddhArtha kA gajya magadha janapada meM gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa meM thaa| kaMDapura aura vaizAlI ke bhaugolika paripekSa meM Agama meM ullikhita nagage, grAmoM, nadiyoM kA mela nahIM khAtA evaM donoM ke grAmoM nagageM Adi ke antara aura dizAoM meM bhI mela nahIM khaataa| ataH Anika (nadiyAgAMva) kSatriyakaMDa nahIM ho sktaa| kSatriyakaMDa aura vasukaMDa vasakaha kSatriyakaMDa nahIM hai aura kamAragrAma bhI nahIM hai| yadi kAmanachapagagAcI ko kamAragrAma mAna liyA jAya to dizA phera haiN| vamakaha ke vAyavya meM kolaAgAMva hai| ataH pahale kamAragrAma cAhie aura bAda meM kolaa| kAmanapagagAThI vamakaDa ke dakSiNa meM hai yaha dizA ulTI pahanI hai| vamakaMDa aura kamAragrAma ke bIca meM nadI par3atI hai| kollAga ke bAda mogaka aura asthigrAma bhI nahIM hai| A. vijayendra ri bauddha digrdhAnakAya meM batalAe hA vaizAlI. bhaDagrAma. hasthigrAma eva jambagrAma meM meM hasthigrAma ko asthigrAma mAnate haiN| jo vAstava meM zabda 'bhramamAtra hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra amthigrAma padhAre aura badaba hasnigrAma yAni hAthIsvAna ge| ina donoM ko eka mAna lenA mAtra kalpanA nahIM no aura kyA hai| dasarI bAta yaha hai ki AcArya zrI ktimagama ke AdhAra se pazcima meM gaDakI nadI taka hI vidaha mAnata hai emA mAnane para bhI hAthIkhAla ko videha ke annagaMna mAnana hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| isa prakAra cAgeM nagpha me vicAra kare to vamakaMDa ko prAcIna triyakara ke sthAna para mAnanA pramANa maMgana nahIM hai|

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113 kSatriyakaMDa yaha bAta dhyAnIya hai ki isa prakaraNa meM bhaugolika dRSTi se vicAra cala rahA hai| isalie prAcIna kSatriyakuMDa-lacchuAr3a kSetra ke gAMvoM nagaroM ke paripekSya para bhI bhaugolika dRSTi se vicAra karanA paramAvazyaka hai| prAcIna kSatriyakuMDa aura arvAcIna kSatriyakaMDa meM kucha ekatA bhI milatI hai| prAcIna kSatriyakuMDa TUTakara aneka choTe-choTe gAMvoM meM baTa gayA hai| gAMvoM meM dIpAkarahara, gAyaghATa Adi sUcaka nAma haiN| janmasthAna aura mAhanA pAsa-pAsa meM haiN| kSatriyakaMDa ke nikaTa kurAva-vana haiN| phira vahavAra (bahuvAri) nadI hokara kamAragrAma jAte haiN| kamAragrAma meM brAhmaNoM kI bastI hai, lacchaAr3a me vAyavyakoNa meM tIna mIla kI dUrI para kumAragrAma hai aura vahAM se vAyavyakoNa meM pAMca mIla dUra konAganAma hai| vahAM se basa mIla kI dUrI para morAgrAma hai| isa ke nikaTa bar3a nadI hai| jo kyUla nadI kI zokhA rUpa hai| yaha saba nAma bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zarUAta kevihAra meM jJAtakhaMDavaNa se jala-sthala mArga se kamAragrAma, kollAga (konAga) sanniveza, morAka (morA) sanniveza, asthigrAma ke pAsa kI vegavatI (bahavAra) Adi nAmoM ke sAtha (sAmAnya parivartana ke sAtha) barAbara milate haiN| lacchaAr3a se agnikoNa meM basabaTTI gAMva hai| vartamAna meM ima kSatriyakaMDa ke cAro ora choTe bar3e grAmoM meM jainamaMdira the| para vartamAna meM nahIM hai| isa prakAra yadi kSatriyakaMDa tathA usake samIpa meM bhagavAna ke prathama vihAra ke athavA ghaTanAoM ke sthAna prAcIna nAmoM athavA sAdhAraNa apabhraMza kemAtha mila jAveM to bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kSatriyakaMDa meM huA thaa| yaha sthAna Aja bhI janmathAna ke nAma se prasiddha hai| Aja bhI zata-pratizata yahAM kI sthAnIya janatA ise janmaspAna (janmasthAna) ke nAma se pahacAnatI hai| kintu imake vAstavika artha se anabhijJa haiN| yahAM eka prAcIna jainamaMdira bhI hai| yaha sthAna vihAra gajya ke muMgera jile ke antargata jamuI sabaDivijana ke lacchAr3a nAmaka gAMva ke dakSiNa parvatazreNI ke dakSiNa pArzva meM avasthita hai| ukta madira ke DhAI koma darI para sodhApAnI nAmaka sthAna hai| yahAM purAtatva ke avazeSa prApta hote haiN| lagatA hai ki yahAM rAjA siddhArtha kA mahala sthApita hogaa| parantu Aja yaha pahAr3I jaMgalI bhISaNatA ke kAraNa yahAM taka sabhI yAtrI nahIM jaapaate| mabhI madira naka pahuMcakara vApisa A jAte haiN| vizeSataH kSatriyakuMDa kA uttarI bhAga kitane hI choTe bar3e aura pahAge aura pahAr3iyoM me ghiga hai| dekhane mempATamAna honA hai ki

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pahA hA 114 lachAr3a meM jainadharmazAlA maMdira usa samaya ke rAjA ne bAharI zutraoM ke AkramaNa se bacane keliye apanI rAjadhAnI kI surakSA kelie isa surakSita sthala ko cunA hogaa| ye choTI bar3I sudRr3ha pahAr3iyAM Aja bhI sudRr3ha kile kA kAma kara rahI haiN| uttara-parvata zreNI ke uttara pazcima meM kuMDa nAmaka vaha pavitra sthAna hai, jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvaprathama mAtA ke garbha meM Ae the| yaha sthAna Aja bhI garbha kalyANaka ke nAma se prasiddha hai isa sthAna ke sabhI kor3A-bAhamaNa jAti kI bastI hai jisake nAma para usa koDAlagotrIya RSabhadatta brAhmaNa ke gotrakA nAma kalpasUtra meM AyA hai| jisa kI strI devAnandA ke garbha meM sarvaprathama bhagavAna mahAvIra Ae the| yahAM para do jainamaMdira haiN| jo kramazaH garbha-kalyANaka aura dIkSA-kalyANaka ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dIkSAsthAna bhI yahI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra devaloka ke puSpottaravimAna se cyuta hokara brAhmaNakuMDagrAmanagara meM koDAla gotrIya brAhmaNa RSabhadatta kI bhAryA devAnandA kI kukSI meM avatarita hue the| usI garbha ko zakendra ne dUta dvArA kSatriyANi mAtA trizalA ke garbha meM sthApita kara diyA thaa| jisa kSatriyakaMDanagara kA hama Upara jikara kara Ae haiM vahAM para jAne keliye brAhamaNakuMDanagara se bahuta bar3e aura pAMca choTe-choTe pahAr3oM tathA phira eka bahuta bar3e saghaNavaNa yukta pahAr3a (sAta pahAr3a) lAMghane par3ate haiN| yaha janmakalyANaka parvatazreNI ke dakSiNa-pArzva para avasthita hai| hama likha Ae haiM ki ajAtazatra ne vaizAlI ko dhvaMsa kara diyA thaa| vahAM kI prajA ko vivaza hokara apanI mAtRbhUmi ko chor3anA pdd'aa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bar3e bhAI kSatriyakuMDa ke rAjA nandIvardhana jo licchiviyoM (rAjA ceTaka) ke jaMvAI (dAmAda) the isalie vaizAlI se licchiviyoM ke aneka parivAra ina ke saMrakSaNa meM Akara basa ge| yaha nagara licchiviyoM kA nivAsasthAna hone se licchiAr3a nAma se prasiddhi pA gyaa| vartamAna licchuAr3a nAma kA nagara isa prasaMga kI puSTi karatA hai| isI lacchuAr3a meM murzidAbAda (baMgAla) nivAsI bIsA osavAla (bar3e sAjana) vaMzIya duggar3a gotrIya jaina zvetAMbara dharmAnuyAyI zrI pratApasiMha jI ke suputra rAya dhanapatasiMha jI bahAdura ke banavAye hue eka bahuta bar3I jainadharmazAlA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kA bainamaMdira haiN| yahAM jo yAtrI janmasthAna atriyakuMDa kI yAtrA karane Ate haiM, isI dharmazAlA meM nivAsa karate haiN| isI gAMva ke nikaTa janasaMghaDIha nAmaka gAMva hai| jo caina saMghargaha apabhraMza sarvathA pratIta hotA hai| lacchubAr3a se do mIla dUra basaTTI gAMva hai jo

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115 kSatriyakaDa balapaTI kA dyotaka hai| yahAM se ATha mIla para mAhaNAgAMva hai| jo brAhmaNakaMDagrAma kA pratIka hai| mahAvIraprabhu ke nAma para bIraDIha hai jo apabhraMza hokara baraDIha kahAjAtA hai| isake samIpa hI kisI TIle se martiyAM prApta haI haiN| lacchaAr3a ke pUrva meM pAMca mIla kI dUrI para mahAdeva-simariyA meM paMca jinAlayoM (jaina maMdiroM) kA ullekha bhI munizrI darzanavijaya jI (tripuTI) ne apanI pastaka kSatriyakaMDa meM kiyA hai| giruA- paraSaMDA jo lacchaAr3a se pAcamIla dara parvottara kI ora hai, vahAM eka prAcIna jaina tIrthaMkara kI marti hai jise jainetara loga kisI anya devatA ke nAma se bar3I zraddhA aura bhakti se pUjate haiN| zrI narezacaMdra mizra 'bhaMjana' jo mananagAMva nivAsI hai| ve likhate haiM ki yAyAvara banakara maiM ina gAMvoM meM ghUma-ghUma kara dekha cukA hUM aura geruANraSaMDA meM bhI majhe lagAtAra 11varSoM taka rahane kA saubhAgya prApta huA hai| isI gAMva ke samIpa dhanAmAgAMva meM eka choTI pahAr3I hai| jisa para lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa ke eka vizAla maMdira ke avazeSa haiN| nIMva kI IMTeM bahuta hI bar3I haiN| jaise I. pU. tImarI zatI kI hotI haiN| usI kI bagala meM eka gaharA kaMA hai| jisa meM jaina aura jainetara mUrtiyAM upalabdha hotI rahatI haiN|| agara prayatna kiyA jAya to isa kae meM jainamUrtiyAM kA uddhAra saMbhava hai aura isa kSetra ke jaina itihAsa para mahatvapUrNa prakAza par3a sakatA hai| isI pahAr3I meM eka gaphA hai, jo saMbhavataH jainamuniyoM kA dhyAnasthAna rahA hogaa| pahAr3I ke nIce vistRta kSetra meM prAcIna AbArdI ke avazeSa haiN| DhAI hajAra varSa purAne kitane hI kaMe haiN| jo usa samaya kI bar3I-bar3I IMToM se bane haiN| kAkaMdI geruAparaphaMDA se kevala cAra mIla kI dUrI para kAkaMdI jainoM kA prasiddha tIrtha hai| yahAM nauveM tIrthakara suvidhinAtha (puSpadaMta) ke cyavana (garbha), janma, dIkSA tIna kalyANaka hue haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya yahAM kA rAjA jitazatru thaa| isa nagara ke bAhara sahanAbha vana udyAna thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra yahA kitanI hI bAra Ae the| bhadra sArthavAha ke putra dhannA evaM sanakSatra ne yahIM para bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSAeM grahaNa kI thiiN| prabhu mahAvIra ke zramaNa ziSya kSemaka aura dhRtidhara gRhasthAzrama meM yahIM ke rahane vAle the| sthAnIya sarvasAdhAraNa janatA Aja isa gAMva ko kAkana nAma se pahacAnatI hai| yahAM TIle para eka vistRta bhavya jainamaMdira hai| TIle kA vRhad bAkAra suramya sthAna tathA prAcIna tAlAba Adi isakI prAcIna mahattA ke pramANa hai| prAkRta bhASA meM isa nagarI ke nAma ke kitane

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116 kAkadI hI rUpa hai| yathA- kAkandI, kAgaMdI aura kAidI kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvali meM jaina zramaNoM ke gaNoM zAkhAoM aura kuloM kI vistRta sUci milatI haiN| jisake anusAra kAkaMdIya zAkhA kA saMbandha yahIM se jJAta hotA hai 'vikrama saMvat' 1489 meM jinavardhana sUri caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha yahAM yAtrA karane Aye the / pAvApurI, nAlaMdA, kuDaMgrAma aura kAkaMdI Adi jainatIrthoM kI yAtrA karane kA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai| isase bhI siddha hai ki kuMDagrAma aura kAkaMdI samIpa meM avasthita the| hAla meM hI ukta maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra huA hai| maMdira ke AsapAsa prAcIna bhavanoM ke prastara, IMToM, miTTI ke bartanoM ke thor3e bahuta avazeSa bikhare par3e haiN| bhUmi kI khudAI se jo IMTe milI haiM ve 16 x 11x 3 kI haiN| uparyukta bhavya vizAla jainamaMdira meM teIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti aura nauveM tIrthaMkara zrI suvidhinAtha ke caraNabiMba haiN| unapara lekha bhI aMkita haiM jo vi. saM. 1504 ke haiN| isa sthAna kI puSTi taba aura ho jAtI hai jaba lacchu Ar3agAMva se tIna mIla kI dUrI para lohar3AgrAma ko dekhate haiN| usa samaya yaha bhI rAjA jitazatru ke adhikAra meM thaa| prAcIna lohargalA aura Aja kA lohaDA apanI prAcInatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| 1. jainasUtroM se jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra bahuzAlacaitya udyAna meM kaI bAra padhAre the| Aja bhI yaha sthAna auSadhiyoM kA bhaMDAra hai aura zAlavRkSoM kI bahulatA bhI hai| Aja bhI jo bahuzAlacaitya nAma ko sArthaka karatI hai| 2. isa kSetra meM AmilikI (AvalA) vRkSoM kA Aja bhI Adhikya hai| yahAM vAlyakAla meM rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra apane bAla mitroM ke sAtha khelane Ate the| jo jainazAstroM meM AmalikI krIr3A ke nAma se prasiddha hai| zAla, AMvalA, arjuna, palAza, Adi ke vRkSa pahAr3I bhAga meM hI paidA hote haiN| maidAnI ilAke meM paidA nahIM hote| yaha bhI dhyAnIya hai ki zAstra meM kSatriyakuMDanagara se bahazAlacaitya udyAna taka ke varNana meM jitane prakAra ke vRkSoM ke varNana Ae haiM ve saba pahADI bhAga meM hI paidA hote haiN| 3. yadyapi Aja yahAM ke sthAnIya loga bahuzAlacaitya udyAna aura brAhmaNakuMDagrAma ko bhUla cuke haiN| ye loga Aja ise kuMDaghATa kahate haiN| kyoMki Aja yahAM prAcIna vizAla kuMDa parvatazreNI kI talahaTI meM usa sthAna kI suMdaratA me cAracAMda lagA rahA hai| isake bIca meM eka barasAtI nadI bahatI hai jise loga bahavAra kahate haiM / bahuMzAlacaitya udyAna ke pAsa isa nadI ke kinAre ke bhAga nirIkSaNa karane se kAphI dUra taka aisA pratIta hotA hai ki atiprAcIna kAla meM koI majabUta dIvAra rahI hogii| kyoMki vicitra gAre ke masAle se banA huA kinAre kA bhAga sudRr3ha pratIta hotA hai|

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kSatriyakaDa 117 4. isake samIpa hI RSar3I nAmaka grAma hai| brAhmaNakuMDa ke samIpa hone se RSabhadatta brAhmaNa ke nAma para isakA nAma sahaja hI saMbhAvya hai| 5. bhagavAna mahAvIra dIkSA lene ke bAda kSatriyakuMDa ke jJAtakhaMDavaNa udyAna se kamAragrAma gye| yaha sthAna yahAM se pAMca mIla kI dUrI para hai| yaha Aja bhI kumAra nAma se prasiddha hai / 6. isake anantara bhagavAna kollAga sanniveza meM gae the| 66 Agama meM cAra kollAga kahe haiM, ina nAmasAmya ke kAraNa Aja vidvAna niSphala ho jAte haiM ki kumAragrAma se vihAra karake bhagavAna kauna se kollAga meM gye| unheM cAhie ki Age-pIche kA khUba gaharAyI se vicAra kara bhaugolika dRSTi se nirNaya leN| jJAtakhaDavana se kumAragrAma aura vahA se kollAga - sanniveza, vahAM se morAka sanniveza, asthigrAma Adi samagra kA vicAra karane se magadha - janapada meM lacchaAr3a ke samIpa kSatriyakuMDa ke nikaTa jo kollAga - sanniveza hai, prabhu ne dIkSA lene ke bAda vahIM chaTha tapa kA pAraNA kiyA thaa| isakA nirNaya avazya kara paayeNge| zeSa tIna kollAga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA sthala jJAtakhaMDavaNa se itane dUra the ki pAraNe vAle dina caMda ghaMToM meM vahA pahuMca pAnA ekadama asaMbhava thA / ataH lacchuAr3a ke samIpa bhagavAna kollAga sanniveza meM pAraNA karake vahAM se vihAra karake svarNakhala nAma ke grAma meM phuNce| 7. svarNakhala, kollAga se sAta mIla kI dUrI para sonakhAra nAmaka grAma hai| saMbhava hai ki svarNakhala zabda apabhraMza hokara sonakhAra ho gayA ho| isa prakAra prabhu bhramaNa karate the| 8. prabhu morAka sanniveza pahuMce aura dUijjaMta nAmaka tApasa ke Azrama meM Aye / " lacchuAr3a se 14 mIla kI dUrI para Aja bhI morA nAmaka grAma hai| saMbhavata: morAka kA apabhraMza morA ho gayA hai| 9. jainAgamoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kSatriyakuMDa se calakara bhagavAna rAjagRhI pahuMce to dakSiNa - vAcAlA se uttara- vAcAlA hokara jAnA par3atA thaa| Aja ke nakze ( mAnacitra) 'anusAra bhI rAjagRhI kSatriyakuMDa se ukta dizA meM hI par3atA hai / kyA aisA dazA meM bhI kSatriyakuMDa vaizAlI kA mohallA yA upanagara mAnA jA sakatA hai ? kadApi nhiiN| kyoMki kSatriyakuMDa vaizAlI se bilkula alaga-thalaga prabhutA sampanna rAjya thA / vaizAlI bhagavAna ke mAmA ceTaka ke gaNataMtra kI rAjadhAnI thii| mAmA ke ghara meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma hone kA koI saMketa zAstra meM athavA itihAsa meM nahIM milatA

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118 saba dRSTiyoM se kSatriyakaDa janmasthAna 10. hama likha Aye hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza kI bhASA ardhamAgadhI thI jo usa samaya magadha tathA usa kSetra ke Asa-pAsa kI mAtRbhASA thii| unake upadezoM kA saMgraha rUpa jainAgama bhI isI bhASA 7 meM vidyamAna haiN| yadi bhagavAna kA janma vaizAlI meM hotA to unakI bhASA arddhamAgadhI na hokara koI dUsarI bhASA hotii| para aisA nahIM huaa| hama isa kA varNana pahale vistAra se kara Ae haiN| 11. uparyukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhagavAna kI bhASA arddhamAgadhI aMga, magadha, baMga- janapadoM meM hone se unakA janmasthAna kuMDapura kSatriyakuMDanagara magadha janapada meM hI thaa| yadi bhagavAna kA janma vaizAlI meM huA hotA gRhasthAvasthA ke tIsa varSa vahAM vyatIta kiye hote to unakI bhASA addhamAgadhI na hokara koI dUsarI bhASA hotI / ataH magadha janapada meM hI lacchuAr3a ke nikaTa vAlA kuMDapura hI janmasthAna thA / yaha ni:saMdeha hai / kalpasUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha ke tIna nAmoM kA ullekha hai- 1. siddhArtha, 2. zreyAMsa 3. yazasvI / mAtA trizalA ke bhI tIna nAmoM kA ullekha hai - 1. trizalA, 2. videhadinnA aura 3. priyakAriNa / 68 12 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA rAnI - trizalA keliye videhadinnA tathA 'bhagavAna ke liye videha, vesAlie zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| vaha bhagavAna ke janmakSatra ke liye nahIM paranta unake guNa-niSpanna haiN| isaliye ina zabdo meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI dhAraNA karanA Adhunika vidvAnoM kI ekadama Ata mAnyatA hai| hama isa kI vistAra se vivecanA kara Ae haiN| ataH yahAM TipaNa karanA anAvazyaka hai| 13. hamane yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prAcIna pakSadharoM kI kSatriyakSetra kI janmasthAna kI mAnyatA kI siddhi bhaugolika pramANoM kA ullekha karake tarkasaMgata vivecana se kara diyA hai| 14 vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane vAle arvAcIna pakSadharoM ke pAsa anya pramANoM ke abhAva ke sAtha bhaugolika pramANoM kA bhI prAyaH abhAva hI hai| isa viSaya meM Ajataka ve mauna pAe jAte haiN| inakI sArI bhrAMta mAnyatAo para hama vistAra se uhApoha kara Ae haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki ina kI vaizAlI kI janmasthAna kI mAnyatAeM mAtra aTakaloM para AdhArita hone se svIkAra nahIM kI jA sktiiN| 15. ataH saba dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para prAcIna mAnyatA hI saccI pratIta hotI hai| AdhUnika vidvAnoM kI khokhalI, bhrAMta aura galata dhArANAoM aura

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kSatriyakuMDa 119 preraNA se prabhAvita hokara bihAra sarakAra ne inheM saccI mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna vaizAlI ko sthApita karane aura vikAsa kelie kAphI prayatna va protsAhana diyA hai| vahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmadina caitra zuklA 13 ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jayaMtI ke rUpa meM manAyA jAne lagA hai, vahAM pahalI janmajayaMtI ke avasara para dasa hajAra loga zAmila hue the aura bar3e ThATha ke sAtha jayantI mahotsava manAyA gayA thaa| isase digambara saMpradAya ko DUbate ko tinake kA sahArA mila gyaa| vaha yahAM janmasthAna mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA digambara saMpradAya kA maMdira aura jaina- zodhasaMsthAna banAne meM sakriya ho gyaa| bihAra sarakAra aura zvetAMbara jainoM ne bhI isa zodhasaMsthAna ke nirmANa aura saMcAlana meM paryApta Arthika Adi yogadAna diyaa| digambara saMpradAya prAcInakAla se hI nAlaMdA ke nikaTa bar3agAMva ko kuMDalapura mAnakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnatA A rahA thaa| para isake samarthana meM unheM koI vizeSa pramANa na mila rahe the isalie unakA jhukAva arvAcIna vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna mAnane keliye svAbhAvika thA / kyoMki unheM arvAcIna vidvAnoM aura bihAra sarakAra kA samarthana mila rahA thA cAhe yaha mAnyatA bhI khokhalI aura bhrAMta thii| parantu zvetAmbara jaina paramparA ke pAsa magadha janapada meM muMgera jilAMtargata lacchu Ar3a ke nikaTa kuMDapura- kSatriyakuMDa kI janmasthAna kI mAnyatA | jaina Agama zAstra. sAhitya 2. itihAsa 3. bhUgola 4. bhRtattvavidhA 5 pagatattva 6. bhASAzAstra eva 7. prAcInakAla se hI isa mahAnatIrtha para yAtrA kelie yAtriyoM, yAtrAsaMdhoM ke padhArane aura likhita samarthita pramANo ke vidyamAna hone . se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se hI unakI vAstavika janmasthAna kI mAnyatA sthAI rUpa se calI A rahI hai| Aja bhI ise hI tIrtha rUpa mAnakara hajArI jaina zraddhAlu yahAM yAtrA karane kelie Ate rahate haiM aura ArAdhanA sAdhanA me AtmakalyANa kara kRtakRtya hote haiN| tathApi sva. AcArya vijayendra bhari evaM sva. paM. kalyANavijaya jI zvetAMbara sAdhuoM ne bhI vaizAlI ko janmasthAna mAnane kI ArvAcIna khokhalI aura bhrAMta mAnyatA kA samarthana kara diyA hai to bhI zvanAvara jainaparamparA kA jhukAva vaizAlI kI ora nahIM ho skaa| Aja se 37 varSa pahale tapagacchIya zvetAMbara jaina paramparA ke sva. mana zrI darzana - vijaya jI ( tripuTI) ne vaizAlI ke janmasthAna ko amAnya aura zvetAvara jaina paramparA evaM jainAgamoM kI prAcIna mAnyatA kSatriyakuMDa ke bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kI puSTi meM akATya pramANoM se gujarAtI meM pustaka likhakara

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120 yAtrI-yAtrIsadha ahamadAbAda se prakAzita karAI thii| kheda hai ki isakI ora vidvAnoM ne dhyAna hI nahIM diyA aura na hI prakAzaka saMsthA ne isa ke vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kI jarUrata smjhii| pariNAma yaha huA ki pAzcimAtya aura unakA aMdhAnukaraNa karane vAle Adhunika bhAratIya anvezakoM ke prabhAva meM hI saba bahate cale ge| ataH yaha prAMta mAnyatA sarvavyApaka rUpa dhAraNa karatI gii| ___muni zrI darzanavijayA jI (tripuTI) ne apane muniyoM ke sAtha kalakattA meM caturmAsa karane kebAda vihAra karake vikrama saMvat 1987 meM isa pradeza meM svayaM paidala bhramaNa kara pratyakSa vAstavika tathyoM kA udghATana kiyA thaa| vartamAna meM eka.do pastakeM isI viSaya ke samarthana meM vihAra pradeza ke jainetara kAlaroM ne bhI hindI meM likhakara prakAzita kI hai| 8. yAtrI (PILGRIMS) yAtriyoM dvArA likhita tIrthamAlAeM Adi isa kSatriyakuMDa ke AsapAsa kaI nagaroM gAvoM meM prAcInakAla se hI jainamaMdira the| jinakA ullekha tIrthamAlAoM meM huA hai| mahAdeva-samariyA meM (lacchaAr3a ko parva dizA meM) pAMca jainamaMdira the, jina kI pratimAeM vahAM ke logoM ne tAlAba meM DAla dI haiN| yadyapi AsapAsa ke gAMvoM meM kAphI jaina avazeSa naSTa kara die gae haiM to bhI khoja karane se Aja bhI bahata avazeSa mila sakate haiN| vartamAna kSatriyakaMDa bahata prAcIna sthAna hai| kaMDaghATa kI nadI ke kinAroM para do prAcIna jainamaMdira haiN| evaM pahAr3I pAra karane para janmasthAna kA maMdira hai jahAM siddhArtha rAjA kA mahala thaa| vartamAna janmasthAna se do mIla dUra lodhApAnI meM jaMgala-jhAr3iyoM ke bIca isa mahala ke khaMDahara vidyamAna haiN| yahAM ke maMdiroM kI iMTeM 1500 varSa purAnI haiN| prAcInakAla se jaina yAtrIsaMgha yahAM yAtrA keliye Ate rahe haiN| yadyapi prAcIna itihAsa ke naSTa ho jAne se aura jo haiM unakI nakaleM karake pracArita na hone se adhika lekha prApya nahIM haiN| phira bhI yahAM ke yAtrIsaMghoM ke yAtrA varNana milate haiN| yaha prAcIna avicchinna paramparA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| 1. yugapradhAna AcArya gurvAvalI yaha eka prAcIna aura pramANika graMtha hai| jisameM vi. saM. kI 14 vIM zatAbdI taka kI ghaTanAyeM denadinI kI bhAMti samasAmayika likhI huI milatI haiN| usameM

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kSatriyakaha - 121 likhA hai ki vi.saM. 1352 meM zrI jinacaMdra sUri ke upadeza se vAcaka rAjazekhara subuddhirAja, hematilaka gaNi, puNyakIrtigaNi, ratnamadira muni ke sAtha baDagAMva nAlaMdA ke nikaTa gautamasvAmI ke janmasthAna meM pdhaare| vahAM ke Thakkara ratnapAla, sA. cAhar3a, pradhAnazrAvaka preSita bhAI hemarAja vAMcU zrAvaka yukta sA. bohittha patra mUladeva zrAvaka ne kauzAMbI, vArANasI, kAkaMdI, rAjagRhI, pAvApurI, nAlaMdA, kSatriyakaMDagrAma, ayodhyA, ratnaparI Adi jinajanma Adi pavitra tIrthoM kI yAtrA kii| usI zrAvakasaMgha ke sAtha samudAya sahita rAjazekharagaNi ne hastinApara tIrtha Adi kI yAtrA karake rAjagahI ke samIpavartI uddar3a vihAra meM caturmAsa kiyaa| yahAM mAlAropana Adi nandImahotsava hue| ____dhyAnIya hai ki kSatriyakaMDa kI yAtrA nAlaMdA kI yAtrA ke bAda aura ayodhyA kI yAtrA se pahale kA ullekha hai| ataH kSatriyakaMDagrAma nAlaMdA, rAjagahI ke nikaTa gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM thaa| isa bhatriyakuMDagrAma kI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke rUpa meM saMgha ne yAtrA kii| isa se spaSTa hai ki vaizAlI ko na to janmasthAna kI mAnyatA thI aura na hI ise sAmAnya tIrtha kI mAnyatA thii| isI liye yAtrAsaMgha ne yahAM kI yAtrA nahIM kii| yadyapi kauzAMbI kI yAtrA ke bAda athavA pahale bhI vaizAlI rAste meM thii| 2. zrI jinodaya sari dvArA vijJapti _ vi. saM. 1431 meM ayodhyA sthita zrI lokahitAcArya ke prati ahilapara se zrIjinodaya sari dvArA preSita vijJapti mahAlekha se vidita hotA hai| ki lokahitAcArya itaH pUrvamaMtrImaMDalIya vaMzobhava Thakkara caMdrAMgaja sazrAvaka rAjadeva Adi ke nivedana se vihAra karake rAjagRhI Adi meM vicare the| usa samaya vahAM kaI bhavya jinaprAsAdoM kA nirmANa huA thaa| sari jI yahAM se bAharaNa kaMDakSatriyakuMDa jAkara yAtrA kara Ae aura vApisa rAjagRhI Akara vipulAcala vaibhAragiri para jinabiMbAdi kI pratiSThAeM kraaii| isa lekha se bhI yahIM saMketa milatA hai ki kSatriyakuMvAhmaNakuMga rAjagRhI ke nikaTa gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNa meM the|

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122. atriyakuMDa 3. jinavardhana sUri kRta pUrvadeza caityaparipATI stavana vi. saM. 1461 se 1486 ke bIca meM isa caityaparipATI stavana meM likhA hai ki siddhagaNarAya siddhatthakula maMDanaM rudda-dAlida khNddnnN| bamaNakaMDapurI thuNaU jaNaraMjaNa khattiyAkaMDa gAmammi vIrajiNa 4. zrI jinavarddhana sari kRta rAsa vi saM 1489 meM racita isa rAsa meM unake pAMca varSoM taka pUrvadeza meM vicaa| kara nAnA dharma prabhAvanAeM karane kA ullekha hai| jina meM pAvApurI, nAlaMdA. kaMDagrAma, kAkaMdI kI yAtrA kA bhI varNana hai| unhoMne svayaM 1467 vi.saM. parvadaza caityaparipATI kI racanA kI. jisa me brAhmaNakaMDa, kSatriyakaMDa aura kAkaMdI kI yAtrA karane kA ullakha kiyA hai| 5. upAdhyAya jayasAgara dvArA likhita prazasti upAdhyAya jI ke 'da maM 1534 me rAjagahI meM pratiSThAdi karAne ke abhilakha haiN| unhoMne vahAM jAkara kSatriyakaMDa kI yAtrA kI thii| ina ke dvAga likhita vi. saM. 1525 meM Avazyaka pamikA aura dazavaikalika vRtti kI prazAsti meM isa yAtrA kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| 6. kavi haMsasoma kRta tIrthamAlA isa tIrthamAlA me likhA hai ki vi sa. 1565 meM inhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDa tathA nauveM tIrthakara marvAidhanAtha ke janmasthAna kAkaMdI Adi tIrthoM kI yAtrAe kI thIM "havai cAliyA kSatriyakaMDa mani bhaavdhriiji| tIsa koma paMthaI gayA devala dekhiiji|| nirmala kuMDai karI mnAna dhoati phiriiji| vIranAha vaMdI karI mahApUjA rciiji|| bAlapaNi krIr3A karI e dekhi AMvalA rukh| rAya siddhArtha gharaI nirakhaI pekhatAM gai trisa-bhUkha / / 23 / / doha kosa pAsai acchai mAhaNakuDaMgAma

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123 kSatriyakuMDakI parvata talahaTIme cyavanakalyANaka maMdira meM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI pratimA /

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124 janma sthAna kSatriya kuNDa Tag tara janmasthAna afores ke maMdira bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratimA / R

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125 kSatriyakuMDa parvata kI talahaTI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA kalyANaka maMdira meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratimA

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126 triyakaMDa sthita bhagavAna mahAvIra kA madira

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kSatriyakuMDa 127 devAnaM taNI kukhaI avatarayA ThAma / / te pUrai mujha mana Asa bhAvana bhAvaI goraDIe / gAI nitu rAsa vIranAha nihAlatAe / / te pratimA vaMdai karai sAriyA savi kaam| pAMca koza kAkandInagara zrI suvidhii janama / / 24 / / arthAt- rAjagRhI - RjubAlukA se tIsa kosa calakara kSatriyakuMDa mahAvIra janmasthAna phuNce| kuMDa ke nirmala jala se snAna karake pUjA ke dhotI Adi zuddhavastra pahanakara prabhu varinAtha ( bhagavAna mahAvIra) ke maMdira meM zraddhA aura bhakti pUrvaka bar3e ThATha-bATha ke sAtha pUjA kii| jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bacapana meM AmalikI ( AMvalA ke vRkSa para) krIr3AeM kI thiiN| vahAM AMvale ke vRkSa ko dekhaa| rAjA siddhArtha kA mahala bhI dekhaa| jinheM dekha kara bhUkha-pyAsa miTa gii| yahAM se do kosa cala kara brAhmaNakuMDagrAma meM pahuMce, jahAM devAnaMdA kI kakSI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra avatarita hue yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratimA kI arcA-1 -pUjana- vandana - gItagAna gAnAbajAnA nRtya Adi se bhakti karake yaha bhAvanA kI ki he prabhu merI mokSa pAne kI bhAvanA pUrI kro| yahAM se pAMca kosa cala kara nauveM tIrthaMkara zrI suvidhinAtha kI janmabhUmi kAkaMdI ke tIrtha kI yAtrA kii| 1. uparyukta vivaraNa meM 1. kSatriyakuMDanagara jahAM prabhu kA janmasthAna thA meM vi. saM. 1565 meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA maMdira 2. AMvale kA vRkSa jahA vardhamAnakumAra bacapana meM bAlasakhAoM ke sAtha khelane gaye the, 3. nirmala jala kA kuMDa jahAM yAtriyoM ne snAna kiyA. 4. rAjA siddhArtha kA rAjamahala vidyamAna the / dhyAnIya hai ki jalakuMDa Aja bhI kSatriyakuMDa parvata kI talahaTI meM vidyamAna hai, jisa meM se Aja bhI bahuvAri nadI nikala kara isa pradeza meM bahatI hai| jisa kA ullekha hama pahale kara Ae haiN| 2. brAhmaNakuMDa jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra devAnaMdA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM avatarita hue the| vahAM bhI yAtriyoM ne prabhu mahAvIra ke maMdira meM bar3I zrA bhakti se pUjA gItagAna Adi kie| 3. isa se spaSTa hai ki kSatriyakuMDa aura brAhmaNakuDa pAsa-pAsa the. donoM jagaha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maMdira the| 4. yahAM se pAMca kosa kI dUrI para kAkaMdI meM nauveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna suvidhinAtha kA janmasthAna thA aura vahIM TIle para ina kA maMdira thA /

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128 yAtrI yAtrIsaMgha . 5. isI tIrthamAlA meM likhA hai ki yahAM se 60 mIla caMpA nagara thA / isI tIrthamAlA meM sammetazikhara tIrtha se RjubAlukA nadI ke taTa para jaMbhIgrAma meM bhagavAna ke kevalajJAna sthala meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maMdira kA mahatvapUrNa ullekha hai| 7. muniprabhasUri kRta tIrthamAlA isa tIrthamAlA meM mAhana - khattiyakuMDagAma meM maMdira kA mahatvapUrNa ullekha 8. zrIpati bhairava kRta tIrthamAlA zrI vijayadAna sUri ziSya zrIpati nAma se yukta bhairava kRta tIrthamAlA meM alavara ke saMgha ke varNana meM pAvApurI se vihAra karake tuMgiyA hokara kSatriyakuMDabrAhmaNakuMDa yAtrA kA ullekha hai| khatriyakuMDa sohamaNau jihAM janmayA carama jinaMda / Aja tIrthanau rAjiyau jasu sevata ho causaThI iMda / / 62 / / koza triNijihAM thI acchUi mAhaNakuMDa sukheva / sura sukha bhogIya avataryo tiNa vIraI kiya ThAma pavitta / / 63 / / jinahara ne nami cAliyA ima nagara uparI adhakosa / janmabhUmi jina guNathunUM hiva rasiyA bahu bhava co dosa / / 64 / / kAkaMdInagarI kahI eka yojana gAu eka ( pAMca mIla) / suvidhinAtha tihAM janamiyAM te thAna kaho thuNau dhariya viveka / caudasa sahita munivara bhalA tihAM maI prazaMsaI dhIra / / 65 / / bhadrAnaMdana joi dhanya dhannA ho sAhasa dhIra / / 66 / / arthAt - kSatriyakuMDa bahuta suhAvanA hai jahAM aMtima tIrthaMkara (mahAvIra) ne - janma liyaa| ve isa tIrtha ke svAmI haiM jina kI causaTha iMdroM ne caraNa pUjA-sevA kI hai| yahAM se tIna kosa brAhmaNakuMDagrAma sukhadAtA hai| jahAM devaloka kA sukha bhoga kara (mahAvIra) avatarita hue aura isa bhUmi ko pavitra kiyaa| yahAM prabhu mahAvIra ke maMdira meM vaMdanA - namaskAra kara AdhA kosa se adhika calakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi para saMgha phuNcaa| yahAM prabhu mahAvIra ke maMdira meM prabhu ke guNoM kI stavanA kara bahuta bhavoM ke karmadoSoM kI nirjarA kii| yahAM se pAMca mIla calakara kAkaMdI nagarI pahuMce jahAM nauve tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ne janma liyA /

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kSayakaDa 129 meThAnI bhadrA ke putra mahAzreSThi dhannA ne bhI yahIM janma liyA thaa| jisane 32 striyAM, saba parivAra, akhUTa lakSmI saMpata bAdi saba parigraha kA tyAga kara bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| yahAM saMgha kebinamaMdira kI yAtrA karane kA varNana hai| kavi ne 14 sAdhuoM ke sAtha kSatriyakuMDa, bAhamaNakaMDa aura kAkaMdI kA yAtrA karane kA varNana kiyA hai| 9. kavi muni vinayasAgara kRta-yAtrAsaMgha . vivaraNa vi. maM. 1670 meM AgarA (uttarapradeza ke lor3hA gotrIya bIsA osavAla kaMvarapAla monapAla ke yAtrAmaMgha ke varNana meM isa prakAra kahA hai ki khatriyakuMDa suhAmabau tihAM janamyA adhamAna re| kAkaMdI, pagvindayai zrI savidhinAya jinabhAna re||72|| athAta- kSatriyakaMDa jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma huA, kAkaMdI jaMhA bhagavAna suvidhinAtha kA janma huA thaa| saMgha ne ina tIrthoM kI bhI yAtrA kI thii| panazca- inhIM kaMvarapAla monapAla ne AgarA ke motIkaTar3A ke mana-bAjAra meM bhavya jainadira kA nirmANa aura pratiSThA karAI aura pauSadhazAlA kA nirmANa kagayA thaa| 10. muni zrI puNyasAgara jI kRta yAtrA vivaraNa vi.maM. 1609 meM tapAgacchIya muni puNyasAgara jI ne isa prakAra likhA hai kSatriyakaMDa maThAma mahAvIra jina rAmati rmie| e cauvIsaI nAma i pUrabadisi jANI saMgha AvaI yAtrA dhaNAe ||143 / / arthAta- bhagavAna mahAvIra cauvIsaveM tIrthakara ke janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDa meM vahuta yAtrAmaMgha Ate haiN| 11. mani zIlavivaya jI kRta tIrthamAlA vi. saM. 1711-12 meM munizrI zIlavijaya jI ne pUrvadeza kI tIrthamAlA meM yAtrA ke varNana meM likhA hai ki

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130 yAtrI-yAtrImadha tihAM thI AviyA kSatriyakaMDa vIra jI vandU maahlkNdd| cyavana-janma vIra nA ahiThANa pAvApurI pAmayA nirvaann|| isa meM kSatriyakaMDa ke cyavana-janma kalyANaka maMdiroM ko vandanA karane kA aura pAvApurI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA varNana hai| 12. tapAgacchIya manizrI vijayasAgara kRta sammetazikhara tIrthamAlA vi. saM. 1648 caitrazuklA trayodazI (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma kalyANaka) ko AgarA (uttara pradeza) kA yAtrAsaMgha kSatriyakaM pahuMcA-muni zrI ne imakA varNana isaprakAra hai| khAMtikharI khatrIyakaMDa no jANI janma kalyANa ho viirjii| caitrazakla terasI dine yAtrA car3hI sapramANa ho vIrajI ||khaaN0||1|| mAsa barmati vana vistarai malayAcala nA vAya ho viirjii| vaNa-gajI phalI bhalI parimala pahavI na mAya ho viirjii||2|| moagyi macakaMda 'mogarA maruA maMjarI-vaMta ho viirjii| 'baulasiri valI pADalI bhaMga-yugala vilasaMta ho viirjii|| khaaN||3|| kasamakalI mani mokalI vimaNA damaNA nI jor3I ho viirjii| talahaTIi doya deharA pUjI jina mani kor3I ho vIrajI ||khaa||4|| siddhAratha ghara giri-ziri tihAM vaMda eka biMba ho viirjii| bihaM koze brAhmaNakaMDa chai ke vIraha mUla-kuTuMba ho vIrajI ||khaaN0 -115 / / pajiya giri thakI utaryA gAmi kamAriya ho viirjii| prathama pariSaha cautaraI baMdyA vIra nA pAya ho viirjii||khaaN0||6|| ima tIrthamAlA meM pavaMta kI talahaTI meM (1) prabha mahAvIra ke do jainamaMdira (2) janmasthAna meM eka maMdira (3) parvatazikhara para rAjA siddhArtha kA rAjamahala thaa| magha ne vahAM eka jina biMba kI pUjA kii| yahAM se do mIla brAhmaNakuMDa jAkara jahA prabhu mahAvIra kA mUla (brAhmaNa RSabhadatta aura usakI bhAryA devAnadA jisake garbha meM prabhu prathama Ae the) parivAra rahatA thaa| vahAM ke jinadira meM pUjA karake saMgha parvata se nIce uttarA aura (4) kumAragrAma meM phNcaa| vahAM cabUtare para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM kI pUjA kI yahIM para prabhu ko gvAle ne prathama upasarga kiyA thaa|

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niyaka 131 1. yahA kavi ne padya 2 se 4.meM kSatriyakuMDa ke parvata para vasaMta zata meM puSpavATikA meM nAnA prakAra ko sugaMdhita puSpoM kA varNana karate hue vahAM malayAcala kI calatI vAyu dvArA puSpoM kI sugaMdha, sugaMdhita parvatazikhara aura sugaMdhI se AkarSita hokara puSpoM para bhamara vRda kI zobhA kA varNana likhA hai| 2. vahAM se saMgha bhagavAna suvidhinAtha kI janmabhUmi kAkaMdI meM pAMca kosa gayA vahAM pUjA sevA kii| bihAra se kAkaMdI 26 kosa kA ullekha hai| ____3. uparyukta grAmoM-nagaroM ke ullekha prAcIna jainAgamoM se bhaugolika dRSTi se barAbara mela.khAte haiN| 13. munizrI saubhAgbavijaya jI racita tIrthamAlA isa tIrthamAlA meM vikrama saMvata 1750 meM munizrI maubhAgAvajaya jI ne likhA hai ki koza chabIsa bihAra thakI citta ceto re kSatriyakaMDa khvaay| paravata talahaTIye base citta ceto re'matharapura che jaay||13|| koza doya paravata 'gyaa| cittaM ceto re mAhaNakaMDa kahe naam| RSabhavata brAhmaNa taNo citta ceto re huto tiNe bame vAsa // 14 // hivaNA tihAM taTanI bahe cita cetore gAma-ThAma nahIM kAya jIraNa zrI jinarAja nA citta ceto re baMda dehaga doy||15|| tihAM thI parvata Upari car3hayA citta cetore koma jimacyA giri kaDakheM eka deharo citta ceto re vIra-biMba sukhkaar||16|| tihAM thI atriyakaMra kahe citta ceto re koza doya bhami hoy| devala pUjI sahU bale citta ceto re piNa tihAM navi jaoNya kAya 17 / / giri pharasI ne AviyA citta ceto re gAma-kogara naam| prathama parivaha bIra ne citta cetoregAtale lekhama / / 1 / / tihAM bhI cihaM koze bhalI bina to re sakatI krvaay| cannA banagAra e nagara no vittako re bAja kAhI kAravAya

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: 132 yAtrI-yAtrIsaMgha muni zrI saubhAgyavijaya jI ne likhA hai ki bihAra se kSatriyakuMDa chabbIsa kosa hai| ve mathurApura talahaTI ke mArga se do kosa gaye aura vahAM nadI ke donoM ora do prAcIna jIrNa jainamaMdira haiN| vahIM bAhamaNakaMDa aura RSabhadatta kA ghara likhA hai| vahAM se parvata para vartamAna janmasthAna ke maMdira meM gye| phira vahAM se do kosa para kSatriyakaMDa (siddhArtha kA mahala janmasthAna) likhA hai| vahAM koI nahIM jaataa| maMdira ke darzana karake hI loga lauTa jAte haiN| vahAM se bhagavAna ke prathama upasarga sthAna kumAragrAma jise Ajakala korAI kahate haiM vahAM bar3a ke nIce usa sthAna para gaye jahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNabiMba sthApita haiM yAtrA kii| yahAM se cAra kosa gae jahAM kA dhannA anagAra (muni) thaa| * 1. uparyukta saba tIrthamAlAoM ke varNana se spaSTa hai ki ATha-nau sau varSoM kI yAtrAoM ke pramANoM se vIraprabhu kI janmabhUmi ke sahasrAbdi se calI AyI paramparA kA sabala saMketa detI hai| vahAM kA brAhmaNakaMDa-mAhaNA aura kamAragrAma (korAIgAMva) tathA purAtattva sAmagrI isa bAta kI sAkSI hai| kollAga Aja konAga kahalAtA hai| kAkaMdI Aja kAkana kahalAtI hai| Aja jisa vaizAlI ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi batalayA jAtA hai vahA na to purAtattva hai na paramparA aura na hI jainatIrtha kI mAnyatA bhii|| 2. vaizAlI janmabhami na hone kA yaha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa pramANa hai ki ceTaka aura ajAtazatru ke sAtha jo mahAzilAkaMTaka mahAbhayaMkara yuddha huA thA usa samaya vaizAlI kA ekadama dhvaMsa ho cakA thaa| yadi kSatriyakaMDa vaizAlI kA hI eka mohallA yA upanagara hotA to nandIvardhana (bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bar3e bhAI) kA svataMtra rAjya kAyama kaise raha sakatA thaa| nandIvardhana jIvita rahe aura unakA rAjya bhI kAyama rahA tabhI to ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa hone para dAhasaMskAra ke samaya pAvApurI pahuMca gaye the| (isakA hama pahale vistAra se varNana kara Ae haiN)| 3. vastutaH bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kI pahacAna ke saMbaMdha meM sarvAdhika prAcIna mata zvetAMbarajainoM kA hai ina ke matAnusAra bihAra pradeza ke maMgera jilA aMtargata jamuI sabaDivijana meM lacchuAr3a jo simariyA se pAMca mIla pazcima meM aura sikaMdarA se cAra mIla dakSiNa-pazcima ke samIpa kaMDagrAma kSatriyakuMDa hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna hai| isakA samarthana ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke prAcIna jainAgama, itihAsa, bhUgola, bhUtatvAvidhA, purAtatva, yAtriyoM dvArA likhita prAcIna tIrtha mAlAyeM, bhASA Adi se barAbara hotA hai| ina saba dRSTiyoM ke pUre vivecana, vizleSaNa aura vistAra se hama kara Ae haiN|

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'kSatriyakaMDa 4. hama likha AyeM haiM ki yahAM AnevAle jainayAtriyoM kI suvidhA keliye murzidAbAda (baMgAla) ke dUgar3a motrIya bIsA osavAla zvetAMbara jaina rAyadhanapaMta siMha bahAdura ne lacchuAr3a meM I. saM. 1874 meM eka vizAla dharmazAlA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jainamadira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| jahAM Ajakala bhI bhArata ke kone-kone se AnevAle tIrthayAtrI yahAM Akara Thaharate haiM aura pahAr3iyoM se ghire hue usa janmasthAna tathA isa kSetra meM vidyamAna anya tIrthoM kI yAtrA karake apane Apa ko dhanya mAnate haiM aura jIvana saphala karate haiN| 5:bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dIkSA lene ke bAda isa kSetra meM una ke vihAra meM Aye nagaroM, gAMvoM, sannivezoM ke nAmoM meM jo kucha parivartana pAyA jAtA hai, aisA honA svAbhAvika hai| kyoMki DhAI hajAra varSoM meM kaI utAra-car3hAva aaye| ima keliye sikaMdarA (muMgera) nivAsI DA bhagavAnadAsa kesarI likhate haiM ki ina nagageM, grAmoM meM kyoM parivartana Aye? isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki I.saM.1540 meM isI sthAna para evaM isa ke ilAke meM zerazAha aura humAyUM kI senA meM ghamAmAna yuddha huaa| humAyUM apanI vijaya ke bAda usa ne jahAM jahAM vaibhavapUrNa nagara pAyA usakI saMskRti evaM kalA kA nAza kiyA tathA islAmI saMskRti aura kalA meM DhAla diyaa| mAhaNakaMDaggAma kI eka masjida meM sana hijarI 575 ke phAramI meM likhe tIna zilAlekha mile haiN| usa samaya bhArata meM masalamAnoM kA rAjya sthApita nahIM huA thaa| yaha kAla harSavardhana kA thaa| usa samaya bhArata meM jo bhI mamalamAna Ae ve luTeroM kI haisiyata se aaye| saMyoga aisA rahA ki eka hI reMja meM jainatIthaM rahane ke kAraNa muhammadagorI ne unheM khUba lUTA aura nAza kiyaa| harSavardhana kI mRtyu ke bAda kA yuga dRr3hatA se vighaTanazIla pravRttiyoM kA thaa|' zodha-kartA kA dAyitva zodhakartA kI dRSTi pUrvAgrahaka, dAgraha, dRSTigaga aura pakSapAna-gahana udAra honI caahie| isI bala ko lekara vaha satya kA pA sakatA hai| isI bAta ko lakSya meM rakhakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kA vivAdAspada viSaya para hamane vicAraNA kI hai| isa viSaya ko sAhitya, itihAsa, bhananva vidhA, bhagIla Adi ATha dRSTikoNoM kI kasauTI para parakha kara liyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna bihAra (magadha banapara) meM jamuI anumaMDala ke lacchamAr3a gAMva ke nikaTa kSatriyakuMDa hI apavAna mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthAna hai| vaizAlI aura kaMDalapura isa kasauTI para khare nahIM utre| anaH yaha donoM ambAna hai|

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janmasthAna ke mArga 134 janmasthAna jAne ke mArga 1. janmasthAna jAne kA mukhya mArga kuMDaghATa se jAtA hai| jahAM usa ghATI meM vo maMdira hai| yahAM se parvata kI kaThina car3hAI zurU hotI hai pAMca choTI, do bar3I pahAr3iyoM ko pAra karake janmasthAna kA mandira milatA hai| pahAr3iyAM banoM se bAcchAdita haiN| janmasthAna kA maMdira isa parvatamAlA kI AkhirI DhalAna kI AdhityakA meM hai| 2. sthalamArga-jAMbiyAgAMva (jamaI) se kherA hote hae caudaha mIla pahADI ke kinAre se kSatriyakuMDa jAne kA mArga hai| kSatriyakaMDa kI rakSA kelie jamuI se pAMca kilomITara dUra pUrva-kherA ke pAsa kile ke do bhagnavazeSa haiN| jo 201 se kama nahIM hai| ye donoM avazeSa inapegar3ha navalakhAgar3ha ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| 3.tIsarA mArga pakarIbarAnA kauAkola se hote hue kSatriyakaMra jAyA jAtA hai kSatriyakuMDa kI rakSA kelie koAkola ke eka prAcIna kile kA bhagnAvazeSa hai isa saba rAste meM purAtatva ke kAphI avazeSa haiN|| 4. pUrva-relave meM paTanA hAvar3A mukhya-lAina para kyUla jaMkzana aura jhAjhA relave sTezana ke bIca jamaI relave sTezana hai| isa sTezana se jamaI zahara (anumaMDalIya mukhyAlaya) lagabhaga cAra pAMca mIla dakSiNa meM hai| sTezana se zahara taka jAne ke lie basa, Taimpo, TaiksI, tAMgA Adi upalabdha haiN| paidala Ane ke lie pakkI sar3aka hai| 5. jamuI sTezana se lacchuAr3a kI dUrI lagabhaga aTThAraha mIla hai| jamuI-zahara se sikandarA (aMcala-mukhyAlaya) jAnevAlI sar3aka se teraha mIla calakara lacchuAr3a pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| 6. jamuI-zahara se lagabhaga 8 mIla kI dUrI para mahAdeva simariyAgrAma pahaMcate haiN| vahAM prasiddha zivamaMdira, bAjAra tathA dharmazAlA bhI haiN| 7. mahAdeva simariyA se sIdhe mukhya sar3aka para AdhA mIla calakara dhadhAre nAmaka grAma ke nikaTa pahuMcate hI bAyIM ora sar3aka ke kinAre yakSasthAna (jakharAjasthAna) ke sAmane se eka rAstA pagambara mubArakapura nAmaka grAma hote hue lacchuAr3a pahuMcatA hai| yaha rAstA basa, jIpa, kAra ke yogya hai| ghadhAre ke mor3a se lacchuAr3a kI dUrI lagabhaga pAMca mIla hai| 8. lacchuAr3a jainadharmazAlA se dakSiNa parvatazreNI taka pahuMca kara janmasthAna ke darzanArtha pahAr3oM ke pAra taka kI car3hAI paidala kI jA sakatI hai| vahAM DolI kI savArI bhI milatI hai| athavA jIpa se bhI pahAr3oM ke pAra taka kI

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kSatriyakas 135 yAtrA kI jA sakatI hai| jIpa jAne yogya yaha sar3aka vana-vibhAga dvArA nirmita hai| 9. paTanA- hAvar3A mukhya relave lAina para kyUla se pahale lakhIsarAya relave sTona hai yahAM se sIdhe dakSiNa basa, TaiksI yA kisI bhI sAdhana se lagabhaga 17 mIla cala kara sikandarA nAmaka bAjAra pahuMcA jA sakatA hai| sikandarA se lagabhaga tIna mIla dakSiNa calakara lacchuAr3a dharmazalA pahuMca sakate haiM lacchuADa se dakSiNa parvatazreNI taka Akara paidala yA jIpa se parvatoM ke pAra jalasthAna ke puNya darzana kiye jA sakate haiN| 72 1 EENEE 1020

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3 pariziSTa - 1 magadha aura jaina saMskRti vartamAna bhAratIya saMgha ke bihAra rAjya ke paTanA kamiznarI ( Divijanala ) vizeSakara isake paTanA, gayA, hajArIbAga aura zAhabAda jiloM ke bahubhAga meM vyApta kSetra- itihAsa meM magadha ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| bhAratavarSa ke prAcIna itihAsa meM magadha janapada kA nAma svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita hai| jainasAhitya meM varNita 25 / / AryadezoM, mahAbhArata meM ullikhita 16 janapadoM, bhagavatI sUtra meM 16 janapadoM aura buddha kAlIna 16 janapadoM meM magadha parigaNita hai| jaina sthAnAMgasUtra evaM nizIthasUtra meM ullikhita bhArata kI dasa rAjadhAniyoM aura bauddha digdhanikAya ke mahAsudarzana sutta meM varNita chaha mahAnagariyoM meM magadha kI prasiddha rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI sammilita hai| 1 sImA aura vistAra - sAmAnyatayA magadha janapada kI uttarI sImA gagAvadI banAtI thii| jisake pAra (uttarabihAra) meM videha janapada avasthita thaa| mithilA aura vaizAlI usakI prasiddha nagariyAM thiiN| magadha ke pUrva meM aMgadeza thaa| isakI rAjadhAnI caMpA thii| caMpAnadI ina donoM janapadoM ko alaga karatI thii| par3osI aMgadeza ke sAtha magadha ke kucha aise ghaniSTha saMbaMdha the ki bahudhA aMga-magadha kA eka yugala ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha huA hai| magadha ke dakSiNa maNi. aura malaya nAma ke do choTe janapada the| pazcima meM kAzI janapada, uttara - pazcima meM kozala ( aparanAma kuNAladeza rAjadhAnI zrAvastI) aura dakSiNa pazcima meM vatsa ( rAjadhAnI kauzAMbI) avasthita the| vartamAna maMgeramaMDala kA adhikAMza bhAga bhI magadha kA upAMtabhAga thaa| prAcIna kAla meM hI yaha kSetra magadha mAnA jAtA thaa| caMpeyajAtaka ke anusAra caMpAnadI aMga aura magadha rAjya vibhAvajaka- prAkRtika sImA thii| pAlakAlIna abhilekhoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki purAne muMgera jile ke aMtargata thA' vartamAna muMgera aura dakSiNa

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137 kSatriyakaMDa vegasagaya kA prAyaH sArA kSetra zrInagara (paTanA kA eka prAcIna.nAma) mukti ke aMtargata thaa| muMgeramaMDala ke jamuIanumaMDala kA prAyaH sArA kSetra prAcIna jainasthAnoM, smArakoM aura avazeSoM se bharA par3A hai| sikandarA aMcala ke janasaMghaDIha (jainasaMghaDIha), jainaDIha, AcArajaDIha kumArakuMDa, mAhanA (mAhaNa-brAhmaNakaMDapura), parasaMDA, risaDIha (RSabhadatta DIha) mahAdeva simariyA aneka grAma prAcIna jainakSetra haiM jainaDIha, jainasaMghaDIha, AcAryaDIha Adi grAmoM ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isa kSetra meM kabhI jainoM ke saMgha unake AcArya aura dharmasthAna vidyamAna the| isI aMcala meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kaMDagrAma yA kSatriyakuMDanagara bhI hai| jahAM bhagavAna ke cyavana (garbhAvataraNa), janma, dIkSAkalyANaka hue haiN| usake AsapAsa ke kaI grAmoM ne prAcIna jainamaMdira the| jinakA ullekha jainayAtrIsaMghoM ne svalikhita tIrthamAlAoM meM kiyA hai| lacchuAr3a ke pUrva mahAdeva-simariyA meM pAMca jainamaMdira the| jinakI pratimAeM logoM ne kaeM meM DAla dI thiiN| parasaMDA (sikandarA aMcala) meM eka jinapratimA thI jise anya nAma se vahAM kI janatA pajatI hai| sikaMdarA se pAMca mIla kI dUrI para bhagavAna mahAvIra kI eka vizAla mUrti hai| jisakI hathelI para cakra kA cinha hai| isake atirikta kumAragrAma, boba, masoja, Adi anya grAmoM meM bhI jinapratimAeM pAye jAne kI sUcanAeM milatI rahatI haiN| jamuIanumaMDala meM indape, gRddhezvara aura mahAdeva-simariyA meM choTe AkAra kI kaI jainapratimAeM haiN| indapegar3ha ke dhvaMsAvazeSa ke samIpa eka zilApaTTa bhI hai jisa para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI kaI AkAra prakAra kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mahAdeva-simariyA meM jina pAMca jainamaMdiroM kA jainayAtriyoM kI tIrthamAlAoM meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai ve saMbhavataH vartamAna meM zivamaMdira aura usake saMlagna maMdira haiM aura usa samUha ke pramukha maMdirake nAma para usa grAma kA nAma mahAdeva-simariyA prasiddha ho gayA hogaa| yaha groma jamaI se sAta mIla pazcima meM jamaI sikaMdarA janapatha ke samIpa hai| yahAM chaha devAlayoM kA eka samUha hai aura yaha sthAna tIna ora se vizAla puSkaraNiyoM se ghirA hai| isa samUha ke mukhya maMdira meM zivaliMga sthApita hai aura zeSa maMdiroM meM laghu AkAra kI jaina evaM anya pratimAeM dekhane ko milatI haiN| anuzruti se spaSTa hai ki simariyA ke jainatIrtha para zaivatIrtha ke AropaNa kA kArya giDora ke rAjA pUrNamala ne kiyA aura isakA aucitya siddha karane ke liye svapna meM ziva kA Adeza prApta karane kI kathA ghar3I gii| isa kSetra meM kucha anya bainasthAnoM ko vinaSTa karane meM isa rAjavaMza kA hI yogadAna rahA ho to Azcarya nahIM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki magadha

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138 magadha aura jaina makAna meM jainadharma kA pUrNataH ucchinna ho jAne se aneka prAcIna jainatIrtha bhI vismRta ho gaye the aura madhyakAla meM unakA uddhAra kiyA gayA hai| magadha kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI thii| yahAM pAMca pahAr3iyAM haiN| unake nAma 1. viparlAgAra, 2. ratnagiri, 3. udayagiri, 4. svarNAira evaM 5. vaibhAgiri haiN| I. pR. pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM rAjagRhI se navIna-nagara pATalIputra (paTanA) meM rAjadhAnI sthAnAMtarita ho gayI thii| magadha eka aitihAsika aura mahatvapUrNa janapada hote hue bhI prAcIna brAhmaNIya sAhitya evaM anutiyoM meM magadha aura magadhavAsiyoM kI nindA, bhartsanA, tiraskAra evaM upekSA hI kI gayI hai| Rgveda meM magadha kA ullekha nahIM hai| kintu eka maMtra (2/53/14) meM kahA gayA hai| kiM te kanti kIkaTeSa gAvo nAziraM dahena tanti dharmama AM no bhara pramagandhamya vedo necA zAkhaM madhuvana randhayAH nH|| arthAta- ve kyA karate haiM kIkaTo ke deza meM, vahAM gAye paryApta dadha nahIM datI aura na unakA dadha (momayAga lie) momagma ke mAtha milatA hai| hai madhavana ta pramagandha ke mAmalatA vAle deza kA bhalIbhAni jAnatA hai| yahAM pramagandha me necA zAkhA (nIca jAti-anArya: sthAna parva) kI ora maMketa hai| yaha yAda rahe ki isa samaya vaidika AryoM kI AvAma-bhIma bhI madhyadeza thaa| (yahAM magadha zabda kA ullekha nahIM hai| para kIkaTo kA deza hI magadha hai| magadha ke prati hiinbhaavnaa| magadha madhyapradeza ke parva meM hai| .. atharvaveda me (5103 / 14) jvaranAzaka-daMva meM prArthanA kI gayI hai ki "gandhAgbhyio majavadabhyo'agabhyo magadhebhya prapana jarnAmavazaMvA nakamana priddrbhaam||" arthAta- he jvagnAzaka deva / tama takamana (jvara) ko gAgyio majavantavAmiyoM. agavamiyo tathA magadhavAmiyoM ke pAsa usI prakAra saralatA se bhejane ho jimaprakAra ki vyakti yA kopa ko eka sthAna se dama sthAna para bhajana ho| . phira athavaveda meM hI (151145) meM kahA hai ki .... priyadhAma bharvAta namya prAcya rdAiza / / 8 / / zraddhApaMzrcAla mitromAgadho vijJAna vAmA hamANIpa gAtra kaMzA gmiI pravatI kalamalI kmaanni||5|| athAMta- (vAtyoMkA) priyadhAma prAcI dizA. usakaM paMzrcAla (khaila) ke zraddhA aura mitramAgadha (magadhavAmI) batalAye gaye haiN|

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kSatriyakaMDa 139 4. zatapatha brAhmaNa, (1 / 4 / 10) meM mAgadhoM ko brAhmaNa yA vedadharma ke bAhara batAyA gayA hai| 5. kAtyAyana (22 / 4 / 22) aura lAsyAyana (8 / 6 / 28) ke zrauta satroM meM kahA gayA hai ki vrAtyadhana yA to patita brAhmaNa ko athavA magadha ke brAhmaNoM ko diyA jaay| 6. manasmati Adi aneka brAhmaNIya gaMthoM meM spaSTa likhA hai ki gAMdhAra (bhArata kA uttara-pazcimI) sImAprAnta, madhyapradeza (maMjavana-aMga aura magadha) ko vaidikaArya pApa bhUmi kahate haiM aura ina janapadoM meM Ane-jAne kA niSedha karate the| yahAM taka kaha diyA gayA thA ki kAzI meM koI kauvaA bhI mare to sIdhA vaikaMTha jAya aura yadi (magadha) meM manuSya bhI mare to gadhe kI yonI meM janma letA hai| magadhavAsiyoM ko apajvayana, akarma, anyavrata, dervApaya Adi apazabdoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA thaa| vahAM ke kSatriyoM ko ghaNAparvaka vrAtya triya, dAsa, triyavaMdha, vRSala Adi saMjJAyeM dI jAtI thiiN| madhyapradezIya vedikaArya unheM bahata hI nIca samajhate the| itanA hI nahIM, magadha ke brAhmaNoM ko bhI pazcimI-brAhmaNoM kI apekSA inheM atinimna koTi kA samajhA jAtA thaa| unake viSaya meM dhAraNA thI ki ye loga veda aura vedAnamodita yAga-yajJa eva karmakAMDo ko mahaja hI chor3a dete haiN| zramaNa saMskRti kA kendra magadha upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki bhArata ke prAcIna saptakhaMDoM meM se prAcyakhaMDa se sacita bhUbhAga jisa meM magadha aura usake paDosI videha, aMga. baMga. kaliMga tathA gAMdhAra Adi janapada jo usa samaya vidyamAna the. ve vaidika Aryo kI sabhyatA. saMskRti aura dharma se bahata pIche ke mamaya taka achatA rahate Aye the| na kevala yahAM ke nivAsI vaidikaArya brAhmaNa evaM kSatriyoM kI maMti nahIM the paranta ve vAtazanA, mani, arhata, vrAtya, nigraMtha, zramaNa, tIrthaMkaroM kI paraMparA ke upAsaka tathA anuyAyI the| jo itihAsAtIta hI nahI anumAnAtIta-kAla me yahAM rahate Ae haiN| unakI samyatA bhI nAga, yakSa, vajji, licchavI, jJAtRka. jhalla, malla, moriya, koliya, bhaMgI Adi anArya-avaidika tatvoM dvArA saMpopita evaM pallavita huI thii| jo jJAna, vijJAna kalA. kauzala. zilpAdi kI dRSTi me vaidika Arya sabhyatA kI apekSA zreSThatama evaM nAgarika sabhyatA mahAutkRSTa thii| cirakAla taka nAga jAti kA prAdhAnya rahane ke kAraNa yaha nAga sapatA bhI

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. 140 zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatAeM khlaayii| prAcInayuga kI bhASAmAgadhI yA arddhamAgadhI prAkRta thii| jo yahAM kI loka bhASA thI jaina zramaNa tIrthaMkara kA upadeza isI bhASA meM hotA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatAeM 1. isa dhArmika aura sAMskRtika paramparA ke prastotA jitendriya hone ke kAraNa jina, jineMdra, yA jinezvara 2. samasta pUjya guNoM ke yukta hone se arhat 3. nirantara yogapUrvaka sAdhanA karate hue kaivalya prApta karane ke kAraNa vAtarazanA, 4. vrata pUrvaka sadAcaraNa ke mArga para ArUr3ha hone ke kAraNa vrAtya, 5. samasta aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga se mukta hone se nitha, 6. sampUrNa samatva ke sAdhaka aura udaghoSaka hone ke kAraNa samana 7. svecchA evaM zramapUrvaka tapa-tyAga-saMyama kA mArga apanAne ke kAraNa zramaSa 8.saMsAra ko duHkharUpa jAna aura mAnakara usase pAra hone keliye dharmarUpI tIrtha kA udghATana karane ke kAraNa tIrthakara, 9. rAgadveSa rUpI AMtarika zatruoM para vijaya pAne ke kAraNa arihaMta 10. saba bhavabIjAkara kSINa karane ke kAraNa aruhaMta 11. cAra ghAtiyAM karmoM ko kSaya karake kevalajJAna kevaladarzana prApta karane ke kAraNa vItarAga sarvatra ahIta kahalAte hai| ye saba guNa jainadharmapravartaka tIrthaMkaroM ke hote hai| 1. yaha ArhatoM kI paramparA ahiMsA para AdhArita- kadAcaraNa nivRtti pradhAna tathA sadAcAra pravRttipradhAna hai| 2. manuSya ke bIca se kisI prakAra kA UMca-nIca Adi bhedabhAva ise abhiSTha nahIM hai, yahAM taka ki kSatriya-brAhmaNa-vaizya-zUdra-varNa, strI-puruSa aura napuMsaka tInoM meM se koI bhI mAnava-zarIradhArI paramasAdhAnA se mokSa nirvANa taka prApta kara sakatA hai| 3. sabhI prANiyoM kA hita sampAdana evaM sarvodayamArga kA prayojaka hai| 4. isakI dRSTi udAra, sahiSNa, aura anekAntika hai, isase kadAgraha dUra rahatA hai 5. AjJA pradhAnatA kI apekSA parIkSA pradhAnatA para bala detA hai| 6. svapuruSArtha dvArA paramaprAtavya kI prApti isakA lakSya hai| 7. yaha vedoM, vaidikahiMsA aura vaidikakriyAkAMDoM kA virodhI hai| sAdhanA aura tapasyA ke ye prayoga magadha meM bhI huA karate the inhIM etihAsika kAraNoM se jainoM ne magadha ko puNyabhUmi mAnA aura vaidika brAhmaNoM kelie pApabhUmi ho gyaa| mahAbhAratottara kAla ke zramaNadharma punarutthAna AndolanakA pradhAna kendra magadha rahA aura tadanantara lagabhaga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda do hajAra sAla taka isa pradeza ko jainadharma kA mukhyagar3ha rahane kA saubhAgya prApta rhaa| isalie

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atriya katipaya vidvAnoM ne ukta zramaNa yA jainasaMskRti aura isake dharma ko magadhasaMskRti aura magadhadharma bhI nAma diye haiN| zramaNa paramparA evaM magadha jainadharma ke atiprAcIna arddhamAgadhI bhASA ke AcArAMga Adi AgamoM meM magaha (magadha) kA ullekha hai| prajApanA sUtra (1 pada) sUtrakRtAMga aura sthAnAMgasUtra meM magaha ko rAjagahI kA Arya janapada kahA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM magaha aura rAjagRhI kA ullekha hai| eka samaya meM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra sAketa meM dharmapracAra kara rahe the to unhoMne kahA ki jainoM kA caritra aura jJAna magadha aura videha meM akSaNNa raha sakatA hai| ina saba udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki zramaNa saMskRti meM magadha ko pavitra mAnA hai use AryazreSTha logoM kA janapada kahA gayA hai| magadha meM jaina jJAna aura AcAra kI rakSA mAnI hai| usa samaya magadha khUba utkarSa meM thA aura Arya rAjyoM aura upanivezoM kI sthApanAeM bhI ho cakI thiiN| mazAsana aura savyavasthA se cora-DAkuoM se surakSita aura sAmAjika AcAra kI mavidhA thii| __hama likha Ae haiM ki atharvaveda meM vrAtyoM kA priyadhAma prAcIdizA ko batAyA hai| vahAM magadha kA saMketa hai| jaina zramaNa saMskRti meM vrata dhAraka ko vAnya kahA hai| jaina nigraMtha vrAtya the| tapasyA se Atmazodhana meM vizvAsa rakhate the| isalie unheM vrAtya kahA gayA hai| ye vrAtya magadha ke atirikta bhAratavarSa ke anya bhAgoM meM bhI rahate the tathA bhAratavarSa ke bAhara ke dezoM meM bhI rahate the| vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke prathama prastotA Adideva Rpabha the| jo svayaMbha, mahAdeva. brahmA aura prajApati khlaaye| Rgveda ke kaI matroM meM unake pratyakSa yA parokSa ullekha haiN| siMdhaghATI kI sabhyatA ke avazeSoM meM usa yaga meM unakI pUjA ke pracalana ke saMketa pAe jAte haiN| unakA cyavana (gabhAMvataraNa). janma, dIkSA ayodhyA meM, kevalajJAna prayAga meM. mokSa (nivANa). kailAza (aSTApada) parvata para huaa| paranta unakA vihAra prAcyakhaMDa meM bhI haA thaa| ve caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM se prathama the| bAimaveM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemikA nivAMNa ujjayaMta (giranAra) parvata para saurASTra meM haA thaa| zepa vAima tIthaMkaroM kA nirvANa vihAra prAMta meM hI haa| jinameM se 12veM tIrthakara vAmapajya kA nivAMNa caMpA (aMga' janapada) meM aura antima tIrthakara mahAvIra kA nivAMNa pAvAparI (magadha janapada) meM zeSa bIsa kA sammezikhara parvata (pAzvanAtha pavaMta) para nirvANa (magadha janapada meM) huaa|

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142 zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatAeM nauveM tIrthaMkara sUvidhinAtha (puSpadaMta) kI cyavana, janma, dIkSA, bhUmi kAkaMdI thI / dasaveM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kI cyavana, janma, dIkSA bhUmi bhaddilapura (jilA haz2ArIbAga), bArahaveM tIrthaMkara bAsupujya kI cyavana, janma, dIkSA, bhUmi caMpA thI / bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvratasvAmI kI janma dIkSA, cyavana bhUmi rAjagRhI thI / aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI cyavana, janma, dIkSA, bhUmi kuMDapura (kSatriyakuMDa ) ( muMgera jilA antargata ) thii| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI kevalajJAna bhUmi RjukUlAnadI ke taTavartI bhikAgrAma ke bAhara thI inakI prathama dezanA (dharmopadeza) caturvidhasaMgha, sAdhu sAdhvI, zrAvaka, zrAvikA tIrtha kI sthApanA, iMdrabhUti Adi gyAraha brAhmaNoM ko dIkSA dekara gaNadharoM kI sthApanA, ye saba kArya pAvApurI meM hue / gyAraha gaNadhara rAjagRhI meM vaibhAragiri para nirvANa pAe the| indrabhUti, agnibhUti, vAyubhUti ye tInoM gaNadhara sage bhAI the inakA janma nAlandA ke nikaTa gubbaragAMva (vartamAna bar3agAMva) meM huA thaa| gaNadhara indrabhUti ( gautamasvAmI) ko guNAyA (jilA nAlandA) meM kevalajJAna huA thaa| ye saba ghaTanAeM bhI magadha janapada meM huI thii| magadha nareza biMbasAra zreNika bhagavAna mahAvIra kA paramabhakta kSAyika samyatatvadhArI agalI caubIsI meM padmanAbha nAma kA hone vAlA prathama tIrthaMkara, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama paTTadhara gaNadhara sudharmAsvAmI inake ziSya jambUsvAmI ( donoM kevalI ) kI janmabhUmi bhI magadha hI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AgamoM kI prathama sammilita vAcanA kelie zramaNa saMgati sthUlibhadrakI adhyakSatA meM magadha kI rAjadhAnI paTanA (pATaliputra ) meM haI, caubIsoM tIrthaMkara tathA unake zramaNazramaNiyAM magadha meM vicare / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uparAMta kAla meM bhI zramaNa- zramaNiyoM kA isa pradeza meM satata vihAra ( AnA-jAnA) hote rahane se yaha pradeza vihAra nAma se prasiddha huA / prabhu mahAvIra apanI dIkSA ke bayAlIsa varSoM meM se caudaha caumAse rAjagRhI meM kiye| dIkSAkAla ke bayAlIsa varSoM meM se adhika samaya magadha meM hI vyatIta kiye| jainadharma evaM magadha magadha ko zizunAga vaMzI biMbasAra zreNika, atAtazatru (koNika) siddhArtha nandIvardhana, mahAnandI Adi rAjavaMzI aura mauryavaMzI sabhI samrATa vrAtyakSatriya the| ye saba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI tathA pravalapoSaka the| unake abhayakumAra Adi zAkaTAyana, rAkSasa aura cANikya mahAmaMtrI bhI

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143 triyakaMDa magadhanivAsI the aura jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| pUrva madhyakAla meM jainoM ko magadha chor3anA pdd'aa| kintu jainoM ne apanI puNyabhUmi magadha ko kabhI vismRta nahIM kiyaa| isakA cappA-cappA jainoM ke sAMskRtika itihAsa se raMgA hai| rAjagRhI paMcapahAr3I, pAvAparI, bar3agAMva, kSatriyakaMDa, brAhmaNakaMDa (kaMDapara), kAkandI. gayA, gorathagiri (carAcara parvata), jaMbhIyagrAma, bhaddIya, guNAvAM, navAdA, vihArazarIpha sammetazikhara pATaliputra (paTanA) mahasAranagara, pacArapahAr3a, zrAvakaparvata Adi anekoM sthAnoM meM prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna jaina purAtatva avazeSa, jinamaMdira, jinatIrtha, jinapratimAeM, pavitrasmAraka Adi prApta haiN| inameM adhikAMza sthala tIrthakSetroM ke rUpa meM pajyanIya haiN| bhArata ke kone kone se prativarSa lAkhoM jainayAtrI cirakAla se magadha ke ina tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA karane Ate rahate haiN| saMkSepa meM magadhadeza kA jainadharma aura jainasaMskRti ke sAtha atyanta prAcIna kAla se hI aTa ghaniSTha saMbaMdha hai| eka ko prathaka karake dUsare ke viSaya meM socA samajhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| magadha kA astitva aura usakA itihAsa, usakI magadhasaMskRti, zramaNaparaMparA, arddhamAgadhI prAkRtaAgama, sAhityapaMcAgI, jainadharma ke sthApatya aura itihAsa ke abhinna aMga haiN| ina donoM ke abhyudaya aura utthAna evaM patana hI anyonyAzrita rahe haiN| magadha ne yadi jainadharma ko poSaNa diyA hai aura usakA vartamAna itihAsa diyA hai to jainadharma ne bhI magadha ko sarvatomukhI utkarSa sAdhana diyA hai aura use vizvavizruta banA diyA hai| pariziSTa-2 vaizAlI maMNataMtra Aja se lagabhaga 26 sau varSa pahale vaizAlInagara sabhI prakAra kI suvidhAoM se sampanna thA jo nau mIla kI paridhi meM basA huA thaa| sundara caityoM, tAloM tathA bAga-bagIcoM se paripUrNa thaa| nagara kI bahuta hI suvyavasthita DhaMga se tIna bhAgoM meM racanA kI gaI thii| pahale bhAga meM svarNakalazoM se yukta sAta hajAra ghara the| dUsare bhAga meM cAMdI ke kalazoM se caudaha hajAra ghara the| tIsare bhAga meM tAMbe ke kalazoM se yakta 21 hajAra ghara the| ina tInoM bhAgoM meM kramazaH uttama, madhyama aura nimna varga ke loga apanI sthiti ke anusAra rahate the usa samaya vaizAlI kI janasaMkhyA 1 lAkha 64 hajAra thii| (prati ghara meM lagabhaga cAra janasaMkhyA kI

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144 tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke baMga ke mAtha cedaka kA maMbandha 3 ta thii|) isa vibhAjana ke AdhAra para yahAM kA samAja bhI tIna vargoM meM fkta thaa| isa nagara kI sundaratA kA bakhAna vuddhadeva apane ziSyoM me karate hA : ra-bAra yahAM Ane kI bAta kahate the| yaha vaizAlI videha gaNataMtra kI gajadhAnI videha bhArata ke tatkAlIna gaNataMtra gajyoM meM se eka pradhAna zaktizAlI rAjya thaa| isa gaNataMtra ke mahAgajA ceTaka licchivI jAti ke kSatriya the| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaMza ke sAtha ceTaka kA saMbaMdha tIrthakara mahAvIra kI mAnA ganI trizalA caTaka kI bahana thii| mabama prAcIna jainAgama Avazyaka caNi meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| vizAlA (trizalA) ke bar3e patra (mahAvIra ke bar3e bhAI) nandIvadhana kI pannI jyeSThA ceTaka kI patrI thii|| jainAgamoM meM sabase prAcIna evaM prathama AcAgaMga matra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI kASTha jIvanI milatI hai| usameM eka sthAna para mahAvIra kI mAtA kA eka nAma "videTinnA" bhI AyA hai| athAMta mahAvIra kI mAtA ke nIna nAmatrizalA, videha-dinnA aura priyakAriNI the| bhagavAna kA bhI eka nAma videhadinna hai| arthAna- videhadinnA trizalA kA patra-vidaha dinna:- vardhamAna mahAvIra the| isa prakAra trizalA vidaha kI kanyA mahAgajA ceTaka kI bahana thii| kaDapara ke gajA middhArtha ceTaka ke bahanoI the| nandIvadhana evaM vardhamAna mahAvIra trizalA aura siddhArtha ke patra the aura mahAgajA ceTaka ke bhAneja the| nandIvardhana ko caMTaka kI baMTI jyeSThA vyAhI thii| anaH nandIvadhana mahAgajA caTaka ke javAI (dAmAda) bhI the| bauddha sAhitya meM vaizAlI aura usapara Adhipatya rakhane vAlI licchivI jAni kA bahana kacha varNana to milatA hai kintu isa janapada aura samAja para marvopari adhikAra rakhane vAle kisI khAsa vyakti kA nAma nahIM miltaa| para yaha varNana to milatA hai ki yaha nagarI vajji (ji) maMgha gaNataMtra kI gajadhAnI vaizAlI thii| jainagraMthoM ke anusAra vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke gajAoM dvArA nivAcita mahAgajA ceTaka thaa| vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA mAmA thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra meM pahale ceTaka teIsaveM nIrthakara bhagavAna pAzvanAtha kI paraMpaga kA anuyAyI thaa| pahale buddha ne tIrthakara pAzvanAtha kI paraMparA meM dIkSA lI thI aura kaThora tapasyA kI thii| para yaha isame vadAzta nahIM huii| isalA ima paraMpaga kA tyAga kara

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145 atriyakuMDa isane apanA madhyamamArga kA paMtha sthApita kiyA jo Aja vizva meM buddhadharma ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| mahArAjA ceTaka bAda meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anuyAyI hokara dRr3ha jainadharmI paramArhata zrAvaka bnaa| bhArata meM usa samaya aneka gaNataMtra rAjya the| parantu baizAlI rAjya kA itihAsa tathA kAryapraNAlI kA vistRta varNana graMthoM se milatA hai| saMbhavataH isI kAraNa se zrI jaisavAla ne isa gaNataMtra ko vivaraNayukta gaNarAjya Recorded Republic) zabda se saMbodhita kiyA hai| kyoMki adhikAMza gaNarAjyoM kA anumAna kucha sikkoM yA mudrAoM se athavA pANanIya-vyAkaraNa ke kucha sUtroM se yA kacha graMthoM meM upalabdha saMketoM se kiyA gayA hai| isI kAraNaM vidvAna lekhaka ne ise prAcInatama gaNataMtra ghoSita kiyA hai| jisake likhita sAkSya hameM prApta haiM aura jisakI kAryapraNAlI kI jhAMkI hameM buddha ke aneka saMvAdoM se milatI hai| bajji (vRji) eka mahAsaMgha kA nAma hai| jisake aMga the- 1. mAtRka 2. videha 3. licchivI 4. vRji 5. ugra 6. bhoga 7. kaurava evaM 8. ikSvAka inameM se mukhya the vRji aura licchivii| buddha darzana aura bhAratIya-bhUgola ke adhikArI vidvAna zrI bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ne apane graMtha buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola pRSTha 383-84 meM apanA mata prakaTa kiyA hai ki vastutaH licchiviyoM aura vajjiyoM meM bheda karanA kaThina hai| kyoMki vajji na kevala eka jAti ke the parantu licchivI Adi gaNataMtroM ko milAkara unakA sAmAnya abhidhAna vajji thaa| vajji AyoM ke chaH kula the| yathA- 1. ugra 2. bhoga 3. rAjinya 4. zvAku 5. bhAtR aura. 6. kaurava arthAt vajji mahAsaMgha ke ATha aMgoM evaM bAyoM ke chaha kuloM para vicAra karane se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki 1. ugra 2. bhoga 3. mAtRka4.kaurava tathA 5. IkSvAku nAma donoM meM haiM parantu videha, licchivI aura bajji ina tInoM aMgoM kA rAjanya meM samucaya , rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki licchivI jAti ke rAjA ceTaka aura mAtR jAti ke rAjA siddhArtha (mahAvIra ke pitA) bhinna-bhinna kSatriya jAtiyoM ke the| parantu alaga jAti ke rUpa meM vajjiyoM kA ullekha pANinI ne kiyA hai aura koTilya ne bhI jAtakoM ko licchiviyoM se balaga mAnA hai| suSAMgayAMga (pInI baudyayAtrI) ne bhI vajji deza aura vaizAlI meM bheda kiyA hai| usane licchiviyoM ko vrAtya likhA hai| hama likha bAe haiM ki bAtya jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ko kahA jAtA thaa|

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146, mAta dharma kamboja, surASTra Adi kSatriyoM kI zreNiyAM kRSi vyApAra tathA zastroM dvArA jIvanayApana karate the aura licchivI, vRji, mallaka, bhadraka, kuru, pAMcAla evaM mAtR Adi zreNiyAM rAjA ke samAna jIvana bitAtI thiiN|| rAmAyaNa aura viSNupurANa ke anusAra vaizAlInagarI kI sthApanA ikSvAku-putra vizAla dvArA kI gaI thii| isalie yaha vizAlA nAma se prasiddha huii| vaizAlI dhana dhAnya se samRddha tathA jana-saMkula nagarI thii| bauddha aura jaina donoM dharmoM ke itihAsa se vaizAlI ke itihAsa se ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahA hai| pAMca sau varSa IsApUrva meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddhadeva ina donoM kI pavitra smRtiyAM vaizAlI se nihita haiM jainAcArya hemacandra sUri trizaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra parva 10 zla 184-85 meM kahA hai ki dhana dhAnya evaM samRddhiyoM se bharapUra vaizAlInagarI thI usa para ceTaka kA zAsana thaa| vaisAlI kI janasaMkhyA kA makhya aMga kSatriya the| zrI re caudharI ke zabdoM meM- "kaTTara hindUdharma ke prati una kSatriyoM kA maitrIbhAva prakaTa nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta ye kSatriya jaina, buddha, jaise abrAhmaNa paraMparAoM ke prabala poSaka the| manusmRti ke anusAra ve brAtya rAjanya the| suvidhita hai bAtaya kA artha yahAM baina hai kyoMki jaina sAdhuevaM zrAvakatapa, ahiMsA, sayaMma (ahiMsA, matya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha) vatoM kA pAlana karate haiN|" , sAtadharma magadharAja ajAtazatru (kRNika) rAjyavistAra keliye licchaviyoM para AkramaNa karanA cAhatA thaa| usane apane maMtrI vassakAra ko baddha ke pAsa bhejA aura kahalAyA ki vAjjigaNa cAhe kitanA hI zaktizAlI ho, maiM use pUrNa vinAza kara denA cAhatA hai| isa kArya kI saphalatA keliye upAya btlaaiye| yaha kahakara sAvadhAna hokara unake vacana suno aura Akara mujhe btaao| tathAgata kA vacana mithyA nahIM hotaa| baddha ne maMtrI ke vacana suna kara use koI uttara nahIM diyaa| para apane ziSya Ananda ke kucha prazna pUche hue nimnalikhita sAta parihAniya dharmoM kA varNana kyaa| 1. he Ananda! jabataka vajji pUrNarUpa se niraMtara pariSadoM kA Ayojana karate raheMge

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kSatriyakaMDa 147 2. jaba taka vajji saMgaThita hokara milate raheMge, saMgaThita hokara unnati karate raheMge tathA saMgaThita hokara kartavya-karma karate rheNge| 3. jabataka aprajJapta (asthApita) vidhAoM ko sthApita karate raheMge, sthApita vidhAoM kA ullaMghana nahIM kareMge tathA pUrvakAla meM sthApita prAcIna vajji vidhAnoM kA anusaraNa karate rheNge| 4. jabataka ve bajji-pUrvajoM kA tathA nAgarikoM kA sammAna pUjA. samarthana karate raheMge aura una ke vacanoM ko sunakara mAnate rheNge| 5. jaba taka ve vajjikala kI mahilAoM kA sammAna karate raheMge aura koI bhI kulastrI, kulakumArI unake dvArA balapUrvaka apahRta yA niruddha na kI jaaegii| 6. jaba taka ve nagara yA nagara ke bAhara vajji caityoM (jina-maMdiroM) kA Adara sammAna karate rheNge| pUrvavata satkAra bahamAna pUjAdi karate raheMge aura pahale kiye gaye dharmAnuSThAnoM kI avamAnanA na kreNge| 7. jaba taka vajjiyoM dvArA arihaMtoM kI rakSA-surakSA, samarthana kiyA jAtA rahegA tabataka vajjiyoM kA patana nahIM hogA, unakA koI bhI bAlabAMkA na kara skegaa| unnati aura utthAna hI hotA rhegaa| Ananda ko isaprakAra batAne ke bAda baddha ne ajAtazatra, ke maMtrI vassakAra se kahA ki maiMne ye kalyANakArI sAta dharma vajjiyoM ko vaizAlI meM batAye haiN| taba vassakAra maMtrI ne baddha se kahA ki he gautama! to kyA taba taka vajjiyoM ko nahIM jIta sakate? jabataka kUTanIti dvArA unake saMgaThana ko tor3a nahIM diyA jAtA? buddha ne uttara diyA ki tumhArA vicAra ThIka hai| isake bAda maMtrI vApisa calA gayA aura sArI bAta ajAtazatru se kaha dii| uparyukta vivaraNa se vaizAlI gaNataMtra kI uttama vyavasthA, anuzAsana, saccaritratA, saMgaThana evaM dhaniSThA kI puSTi hotI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki arihaMtoM aura jainacaityoM ke upAsaka hone se ve jainadharmAnuyAyI the| ataH dhyAnIya hai ki 2600 varSa ke prAcIna gaNataMtroM meM vaizAlI gaNataMtra zreSTha, sarvotkRSTa thaa| vajjiyoM, licchiviyoM kucha anya gaNoM ne bhI ise mahAna banAyA thaa| unake jIvana meM AtmasaMyama kI bhAvanA thii| ve lakar3I ke takhta para mote the aura ve sadaiva kartavyaniSTha the| yaha saba jainadharma kA hI pratApa thaa| jaba taka una meM gaNa rahe taba taka una kA koI bAlavAMkA na kara mkaa| ve vajji arihaMtoM (jainatIrthakaroM) unake maMdiroM ke upAsaka the, ve vrAtya kSatriya the| ve jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| una ke AcaraNa para jainadharma kI amiTa gaharI chApa thii|

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148 vaizAlI kA aMta vaidezika saMbaMdha licchiviyoM ke videzI saMbandhoM kA niyaMtraNa aThAraha (18) gaNarAjyoM kI. pariSada se hotA thaa| isa kA varNana bauddha aura jainasAhitya meM milatA hai| nau licchiviyoM aura nau malloM ke sAtha milakara yaha mahAsaMgha (Council) karatA thaa| ajAtazatru vaizAlI para AkramaNa ke mukAbale meM unhoMne apane sandeza bhejane kelie dUta niyukta kie ve (baizAlikAnAM licchivinAM vcnen)| baddha ke samaya meM vaizAlI gaMgA se tIna yojana (lagabhaga sattAisa mIla kI darI para thii|) aura una dinoM gaMgAnadI se vaizAlI pahaMcate the| yavAnacyAGa ne bhI gaMgAnadI se vaizAlI kI dUrI 135 lI (27 mIla) likhI hai| vaizAlI gaNataMtra kA anta vaizAlI gaNataMtra para magadhanareza zreNika biMbasAra kI rAnI celanA (ceTaka kI putrI) ke putra ajAtazatru (koNika) kA vaizAlI, para AkramaNa ghAtaka prahAra thaa| usakI sAmrAjya vistAra akAMkSA ne vaizAlI kA anta krdiyaa| buddha kI bheMTa ke bAda mantrI vassakAra ko ajAtazatra ne vaizAlI bhejA usane vaizAlI ke logoM meM phaTa ke bIja boe ajAtazatra ne I.pa.544 varSa (bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dIkSA ke caubIsa paccIsa varSa bAda) bahuta bar3I senA lekara vaizAlI para AkramaNa kara diyA jisakA varNana jainAgama niryAvaliyAoM meM isa prakAra hai "taba rAjA koNika (ajAtazatra) haz2AroM hAthiyoM, ghor3oM, rathoM aura paidala senA (cataraMgiNI senA) sahita saba suvidhAoM mahita aMga janapada ke bIca meM se nikalA evaM videha janapada kI vaizAlI nagarI kI ora yuddha kelie gyaa| vahAM pahuMca kara usane vaizAlI ko ghera liyA udhara se vaizAlI nareza ceTaka apanI aura apane sahayogI 18 gaNarAjyoM kI senAoM ke sAtha ajAtazatra kI senA se apane rAjya kI rakSA kelie yaddhakSetra meM A ddttaa| pralayaMkArI ghamAsAna yuddha huaa| 12 varSoM taka yuddha cAlU rhaa| aMta meM ajAtazatra kI vijaya huii|" ___ AcArya hemacandra kRta trizaSTizalAkA paruSa caritra parva dasa sarga bAraha meM kahA hai ki- ajAtazatru kI senA ne vaizAlI meM nirmita bIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI manisavratasvAmI ke stUpa ko tor3akara dhvasta kara diyaa| jo paramArhata mahArAjA ceTaka ke upAsyadeva kA bainamandira thaa| ataH ajAtazatra ne apane maMtrI bassakAra dvArA kaTanIti se vajjiyoM meM phaTa DalavAI aura unake upAsya iSTadeva

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149 kSatriyakaDa munisuvratasvAmI kA caityastUpa dhvaMsa krvaayaa| jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki vAjjiyoM kA patana huaa| munisuvratasvAmI bainadharma ke 20veM tIrthakara the| hama likha Aye haiM ki- "vassakAra ko buddha ne kahA thA ki vajji jaba taka saMgaThita raheMge evaM vajji caityoM kI rakSA aura sammAna karate raheMge taba taka vajjiyoM kA patana nahIM hogaa| vaizAlI para vijaya pAne kelie ajAtazatru ne vaizAlI kA dhvaMsa kiyA aura usapara gadhoM se hala calavAkara ekadama naSTa-praSTa karavA diyaa| yuddha meM I. pU. 532 meM mahArAjA ceTaka parAjita hae evaM vaizAlI dhvaMsa bora naSTa-bhraSTa kara dI gii| yahAM kI prajA ko vivaza hokara anyatra jAnA pdd'aa| kucha licchivI parivAra kSatriyakaMDa ke rAjA nandivardhana (siddhArtha kA putra, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA bar3A bhAI, mahArAjA ceTaka kA javAI) kI zaraNa meM gae aura unake rAjyAntargata nagara bamAkara sthAIrUpa se AbAda ho ge| taba usa nagara kA nAma (lacchu +. vAla - lacchaAla) par3a gayA pazcAta apabhraMza hokara lacchuAr3a prasiddha ho gyaa| yaha nagara Aja bhI vidyamAna hai jo isa ghaTanA kI yAda dilAtA hai| jaina-parampaga ke AryAvarta (bhArata varSa) se sabase bar3I janasaMhAraka lar3AI mahArAjA ceTaka ko apane dohitra, magadharAja ajAtazatra (koNika) ke sAtha lar3anI pdd'ii| ajAtazatra ne apane pitA zreNika kI mRtya ke bAda rAjagahI se haTAkara aMga janapada meM caMpAnagarI ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| vyaktigata mahatvAkAMkSAoM tathA phaTa se itane vaibhavazAlI mahAgaNataMtra rAjya kA vinAza huaa| mahAbhArata ne bhI gaNataMtroM ke vinAza kelie aise hI kAraNa batalAye haiN| bhISma pitAmaha ne yudhiSThira se kahA thA ki he rAjana! gaNoM tathA rAjakuloM meM zatrutA kI utpatti kA mUla kAraNa hai lobha aura IrSyA-deSa jaba koI gaNa yA kula lobha ke vazInRta hotA hai taba donoM ke mela se pArasparika vinAza hotA hai| vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke mahArAjA ceTaka tathA aMga-magadha ke rAjA ajAtazatru donoM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI hone se baina dharmAnuyAyI the| ceTaka nAnA thA aura ajAtazatru dohitra thaa| yuddha bAraha varSa cAlU rahate hue bIca-bIca meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaizAlI meM tathA gaMDakI nadI ke dUsare taTa para vANijyagrAma meM cAra caturmAsa hue| yuddha samApti ke bAda I.pU. 533 se 527 taka bhagavAna apane nirvANa taka phira kabhI vaizAlI nahIM ge| isase bhI.spaSTa hai ki I. pU. 532 meM vaizAlI dhvaMsa ho cukI thii|

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150 vaizAlI para AkramaNa kA kAraNa hama likha Ae haiM ki licchivI aura jJAta donoM kSatriya jAtiyAM alaga-alaga haiN| kaIyoM ne licchiviyoM aura vajjiyoM ko prAyaH eka mAnA hai aura inheM rAjanya kSatriya mAnA hai| isase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki yaha donoM uccakSatriya, rAja nIya, vrAtya zuddhakSatriya the| mahArAjA ceTaka vaizAlI ke aura siddhArtha evaM nandIvardhana (pitA-putra) magadha janapada meM kaMDapura ke rAjA the| ataH ye donoM svataMtra rAjA the| vaizAlI para AkramaNa kA kAraNa vaizAlI para AkramaNa ke kaI kAraNa batalAe jAte haiN| 1.eka jainakathA ke anusAra sacetaka nAmaka hAthI aura aTThAraha lar3iyoM kA hAra rAjA zreNika ne apane choTe patra bahalla ko diyA thaa| parantu ajAtazatra ina donoM ko apane choTe bhAI bahalla se har3apanA cAhatA thaa| bahalla hAthI aura hAra ko apane sAtha lekara nAnA ceTaka ke pAsa vaizAlI calA gayA aura ceTaka ne use saMrakSaNa diyaa| isalie ajAtazatru ne yuddha kiyaa| 2. kucha logoM ke anusAra ratnoM kI eka khAna se ajAtazatru lalacAyA thaa| 3. magadharAjya aura vaizAlI rAjya kI sImA gaMgAtaTa para caMgI ke vibhAjana ke prazna para jhagar3A ho gayA thaa| cAhe jo kucha bhI ho| itanA to nizcita hai ki ajAtazatra ne lobhavaza isa yuddha kelie bar3I taiyAriyAM kI thiiN| sarvaprathama isane gaMgAtaTa para pATaliputra (paTanA) kI sthApanA kii| jaina vivaraNoM ke anusAra yaha yuddha bAraha varSoM taka claa| anta meM vaizAlI gaNataMtra magadha kA aMga bana gyaa| ceTaka ke bhArata ke rAjyoM ke sAtha kauTuMbika sambandha ___ mahArAjA ceTaka kI eka bahana trizalA thI aura prabhAvatI Adi sAta " gAM thii| inameM se chaha putriyoM kA vivAha huA thA aura eka ne vivAha nahIM #4",, usane dIkSA le lI thii| aba yahAM ceTaka kA dUsare rAjyoM ke sAtha saMbaMdha batAna ke lie unakI rAjadhAniyoM sahita nAmoM kA ullekha karate haiM- 1. kSAra kA rAjA siddhArtha (bahanoI) 2. vItabhaya-pattana (siMdhu-sauvIra) kA rAjA : 1 3. caMpA (baMga) kA dadhivAhana rAjA 4. kauzAmbI kA rAjA zatAnika 5. ujjaina (mAlavA) kA rAjA caMdrapradyota 6. kSatriyakuMDa (magadha) kA rAjA nandivardhana 7. rAjagRhI (magadha)kA rAjA shrennik-bibisaar| nambara do se sAta ye chaha ceTaka ke dAmAda the| isa prakAra sAta rAjyoM se ceTaka ke kITavika saMbaMdha the|

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kSatriyakaMDa 151 rAjya praNAliyAM usa kAla meM do prakAra kI rAjya praNAliyAM thiiN| 1. gaNataMtra rAjyapraNAlI 2. eka rAjya kI svataMtra eka sattAka raajyprnnaalii| mahArAjA ceTaka ke bahanoI aura chaH dAmAda (ye sAtoM) eka apane-apane rAjyoM ke eka sattAka rAjA the| eka sattAka rAjya kI vyavasthA vahAM kA rAjA apanI icchA ke anusAra svayaM karatA thaa| ye saba rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI dRr3ha jainadharmI the| ___ dhyAnIya hai ki ceTaka kI choTI putrI celanA ke sAtha vivAha karane kelie rAjagahI ke rAjA zreNika biMbisAra ne svayaM mAMgA thaa| para ceTaka ne yaha kahakara use manA kara diyA thA ki "tuma zizu nAgavaMzI harSakala ke vAhikavAsI ho isalie merI putrI kA riztA tumase nahIM ho sktaa"| parantu velanA ne zreNika se svayaM vivAha kara liyA thaa||| hama likha Ae haiM ki rAjA ceTaka UMce rAjanyakula ke kSatriya the isIlie unhone zreNika ke sAtha celanA kA vivAha karane se inakAra kara diyA thaa| kyoMki vaha hInakala kA thaa| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki poSa jaMvAI unake samAna uccakala ke the aura samRddhizAlI bhI the| hama pahale ina ke bahanoI rAjA siddhArtha kI samaddhizAlInatA kA ullekha kara Ae haiN| aba hama sabase bar3e jaMvAI udAyana ke rAjya vistAra, jainadharma meM dRr3hatA aura usakI samRddhazAlInatA kA ullekha karate haiM siMdha-sauvIra kA rAjA udAyana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna siMdhu-sauvIra janapada nareza mahApratApI yathAkhyAta nAmA rAjA udAyana vaizAlI ke mahArAjA ceTaka ke sabase bar3e jaMvAI the| jo rAjakumArI prabhAvatI ke pati the| inakI rAjadhAnI sindhanadI ke taTavartI vItabhayapattana nagarI thii| inake adhIna 363 nagara 6850 grAma aneka khAne aura 16 dezoM ke rAjA the| udAyana kI AjJA se mahAsena (ujjainanareza caMdra-pradyauta) Adi 10 mahAparAkramI mukuTabaddha rAjA rahate the| mahArAnI prabhAvatI ke mahala meM devatApradatta gozIrSacandana kASTa kI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvitasvAmI kI kaMDalamukuTa Adi aMlakAroM se alaMkRta atyaMta sandara mahAcamatkArI prabhAvita pratimA para caityAlaya meM virAjamAna thii| rAjA-rAnI pratidina isakI pUjA karate the| rAjA dharmaparAyaNa, prajAvatsala aura mahA sUra-bIra thaa| isakI sUravIratA ke kAraNa zatru rAjA isake deza para AkramaNa karane kA sAhasa nahIM karate the| isalie na to svacakra-paracakra kA bhaya thA aura

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152 na hI prajA kA utpIr3ana thaa| saba nirbhaya hokara sukha aura zAMti se nivAsa karate the| yahI kAraNa thA ki rAjya zAMta-dhArmika-dhana-dhAnya se samRddha thaa| ___ anta meM rAjA udAyana aura rAnI prabhAvatI ne rAjapATa gRhastha parivAra sarva parigraha kA tyAga kara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM nigraMtha zramaNa-zramaNI kI dIkSAeM lekara nirAticAra-caritra pAlakara Ayu samApta hone para prabhAvatI ne devagati prApta kI aura (rAjA udAyana) rAjarSi kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana prApta kara sarvajJa sarvadarzI bane aura anta meM sarvakarma kSaya karake nirvANa prApta kiyaa|12 isI prakAra ceTaka ke bahanoI siddhArtha tathA chahoM hI dAmAda sabhI bar3e samRddhizAlI rAjyoM ke svAmI bne| phuTanoTsa:1. Rgveda 10, 102, 6,136, 2, 33 / bhAgavata 5, 6 viSNupurANa 3.18 aadi| inameM RSabha, kezI, vAtarazanA muniyoM ke ullekha dhyAna dene yogya haiN| vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye dekheMhamArA madhyAaiziyA aura paMjAba meM jainadharma-graMtha adhyAya 1 pRSTha 1 se 21 2.jainAgama saMmavAyAMga pRSTha 246 / aura klpsuutr| A. hemacaMdra kRta tri.za. pu. caritra aadi| digambara-timoyapaNNattimatAdhikAra 4 / jinasena kRta AdipurANa, guNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa, puSpadaMta kRta mahApurANa (apabhrazaM) 3. bhAgavatapurANa 4, 5, 9) 11, 2 / viSNupurANa 23, 1, 31 vAyupurANa 33, 52 / agnipurANa 1,7,11-12. brahmAMDa purANa 5, 62, liMga purANa 47,22 skanda purANa kaumAra khaDa 37,27, mArkanDe purANa 50 / 41 ina meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki RSabha ke putra bharata ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| 4. kalpasUtra evaM AcArya hemacandra kRta tri. za. puruSacaritra 5. klpsuutr| 6. dekheM hamArA likhA- madhyaeziyA aura paMjAba meM jainadharma aitihAsika graMtha meM vistRta vrnnn| 7. digambarapaMthI mahAvIra kA vivAha nahIM maante| isa prAMta mAnyatA ke spaSTIkaraNa keliye. merI pustaka-rAjakumAra vardhamAna mahAvIra vivAhita the- avazya pddh'eN| 8. digambara paM. phUlacaMda siddhAMtazAstrI kRtaM jAti, varNa, aura dharma nAmaka pustaka pR. 280 bhAratIya mAnapITha dvArA prakAzita 9. DA. hIrAlAla jainaM M.A.D.Litt kRta mahAvIra pustk| 10. DA. hIrAlAla M. A. D. Liu kRta pustaka mhaaviir| 11. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 609 sAla bAda digambara saMpradAya kI sthApanA huii| 12. ga. bhUpasiMha rAjapUta-hAMtI (hariyANA) zramaNa hindI mAsika patrikA varSa 22 baMka 12 pR. 5 se 11

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13. uparyakta saba ghaTanAoM kA ullekha ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke prAcIna jainAgamoM kalpasatra AcArAMga Adi meM AtA hai jinakI jyotiSa zAstra meM puSTi karatA hai| yadyapi divabara bhI isa janmakaMDalI ko akSarazaH mAnate haiM para isa viSaya meM digambara zAstra mauna haiN| 98. The Gains, both Svetambaras and Digambaras, state that Mahavira was the son of King Siddhartha of Kundapura or Kundagrama. They would have us believe that Kundagrama was a large town, and Siddhartha a powerful monarch. But they have misrepresented the matter in overrating the real state of things, just as the Buddhists did with regard to Kapilavastu and Suddhodhana. For Kundagrama is called in the Akaranga Sutra a samnivesa, a term which the commentator intcrprcts as denoting a halting-place of caravans or processions. It must therefore have been an insignificant place, of which tradition has only recorded that it lay in Videha (Akaranga Sutra, 11 15 & 17 Yet by combining occasional hints in the Bauddha and Gaina scriptures we can, with sufficient accuracy, point out where the birthplace of Mahavira was situated; for in the Mahavagga of the Buddhists! we read that Buddha, while sojourning at Kotiggama, was visited by the courtezan Amba pali. and the Lihkhavis of the Neighbouring capital Vesali. From Kotiggama he went to where the Natikas-i (lived). There he lodged in the Natika Brickhall, in the neighbourhood of which place the courtcran Ambpali possessed a park, Amba palivana, which she bequeathed on Buddha and the community. From there he went to Vasali, where he converted the general-in-chief (of the Likkhavis), a lay-disciple of the Nirgranthas (or Gaina monks.) Now it is highly probable that the Kotigama of the Buddhists is identical with the Kundaggama of the Gainas. Apart from the similarity of the names, the mentioning of the Natikas, apparently identical with the Gnatrika Kshatrivas ot whose clan Ma havira belonged, and of Siha, the Gaina, point to the same direction. Kunda grama, therefore, was probably one of the suburbs of Vaisal the capital of Vidcha. This conjecture is borne out by the name Vesalic. ie. Vaisa lika given to Mahavira in the Sutrakritanga 1, 3. The commentator explains the passage in question in two different ways, and at another place a third explanation is given. This inconsistency of opinion proves that there was no distinct tradition as to the real meaning of Vaisalila. and so we are justified in entirely ignoring the artificial explanations of the later Gainas. Vaisalika apparently means a native of Vaisali: and Mahavira could rightly be called that when Kundagrama was a suburb of Vaisali, just as a native of Turnham Green mav he called a Londoner. If

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154 then Kundagrama was scarcely more than an outlying village of Vaisali, it is evident that the sovereign of that village could at best have been only a petty chief. Indeed, though the Gainas fondly imagine Siddhartha to have been a powerful monarch and depict his royal state in glowing, but typical colours, yet their statements, if stripped of all rhetorical ornaments, bring out the fact constitution of Vessli.. So we are enabled to understand why the Bddhists took no notice of him, as his influence was very great, and besides, was used in the interest of their rivals. But the Gainas cherished the memory of the maternal uncle and patron of their prophet, to whose influence we must attribute the fact, that Vaisali used to be a stronghold of Gainism, while being looked upon by the Buddhists as a seminary of heresies and dissent. That Sidhartha was but a baron; for he is frequently called merely Kshatriya his wife Trisala is, so far as I remember, never styled Devi, queen, but always Kshatriyani. Whenever the Gnatrika Kshatriyas are mentioned, they are nerer spoken of as Sidhartha's Samantas or dependents, but are treated as his equals. From all this it appears that Sidhartha was no king, nor even the head of his clan, but in all probability only exercised the degree of authority which in the East usually falls to the share of landowners, especially of those belonging to the recognised aristocracy of the country. Still he may have enjoyed a greater influence than many of his fellow-chiefs; for he is recorded to have been highly connected by marriage. His wife Trisala was sister to Ketaka, King of Vasal! She is called Vaidehi or Videhdatta' because she belonged to the regning line of Vidcha Buddhist works do not mention, for aught I know, Ketaka, King of Vaisal, but they tell is that the government of Vesali was vested in a senate composed of the nobility and presided over a king, who shared the power with a viceroy and a general-in-chief. In Gaina books we still have traces of this curious government of the Likkhavis; for in the Nirayavali Sutra it is related that king Ketaka, whom Kunika, al. Agatasatru, king of Kampa, prepared to attack with a strong army, called together the eithteen confederate kings of Kasi and Kosala, the Likkhavis and Mallakis, and asked them whether they would satisfy Kunika's demands or go to war with him. Again, of the death of Mahavira the eighteen confederate kings mentioned above, instituted a festival to be held in memory of that events, but no separate mention is made of Ketaka, their pretended sovereign. It is therefore probable that Ketaka was simply one

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155 of these confederate kings and of equal power with them. In addition to this, his power was checked by the constitutin of Vesali. So we are enabled to understand why the Buddhists took no notice of him, as his influence was not very great, and besides, was used in the interest of their rivals. But the Gainas cherished the memory of the maternal uncle and patron of their prophet, to whose influence we must attribute the fact, that Vaisali used to be a stronghold of Gainism, while being looked upon by the Buddhists as a seminary of heresies and dissent. see Olcnberg's edition PP 231.232. the translation, P 104 sey of the second part Sacred Books of te Last Vol vyn 2 The paysages in which the Nardas occur seen to have been misunderstood by the commentator and the modern translators Rhys Davids in his translation of the Mahaparimihhana-Sutta (Sacred Hooks of the East vol xa) says and note P 24 At first Nadikan (ce) spoken of in the plural number hul then third in the clause, in the singolar Buddhaghosa explains this by saying that there were two villages of the same name on the shore of the same piece of water * The plural Nauka denotes in my opinion, the Kshatriyas the singular is the adjective specalving Congakavasatha, which occurs in the first mention of the place in the Malapariibbana-Sulta and in the Mahavaga VI. 10 5 and must be suppled in the former book wherever Nadika is used in the singular I think the form Nadika is wrong and Natika the spelling of the Mahavagga is connect Mr Rhys Davids is also mistaken in saving in the index to his translation Nadika mere Painats apparent from the narative in the Mahavagga that the place in question as well as Kouiggama was near Vesal JS Weber Indische Studien. VI. p 362 1 See Kalpa Sutra m edition, p 111 Ketaka is called the maternal unck of Mahavira 2 Aala Sutra Ines of the Coannas. 110. Aharanga Sutra 11.15 15 Turnour in the Journal of the Ronal As Sac of Bengal VIP 992 4 ld Warren P 27 Shala Sutra Ines of the Cons tattha 15. iheva bharahevAse puvvdese| videhe nAma janavao saMpaikAle tirahuttideso ti bhaNNA / mahilA nAma nayarI hotyA / saMpaya jamaI tti prasiddhA / (jinaprabha tIrtha kalpa) (4) tIraktyuparikAdhikaraNasya / (5) tIrabhaktau vinayasthiti sthApikAdhikaraNasya ( 6 ) tIrakamArApatyAdhikaraNasya / vaizAlyAdhiSThAnAdhikaraNa (vaizAlI me milI huI mudrAe vaizAlI pRSTha 16 ) 16. vajjI saMgha, videhIpatra. AThasagha, vaizAlI vajjIsaMgha kI rAjadhAnI thii| ajAtazatra ko vedehIputra kahA jAtA thaa| kyoMki usa kI mAtA videha kI rAjakanyA thii| mithilA videha kI rAjadhAnI thii| buddha ke samaya vajjIsaMgha ATha pramukha saMghoM meM se eka thaa| 17. cInIyAtrI phAhiyAna yAtrA (vaizAlI pRSTha 19 ) 18. isa pATha meM videha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| vijayendra sUri ne bhagavAna kA janma videha janapada meM huA thA isakI puSTi ke liye apanI kalpanA mAtra se likha kara anucita prayoga karake akSamya ceSTA kI hai| Jaivism in Bihar ma 13-14. 19. P. C. Roy choudhary digambara traimAsika jainasiddhAntabhAskara hindI-ArA bihAra bhAga 10 kiraNa 2 pR0 30 ( bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna nAlaMdA se do mIla kI dUrI pr| 20. sanniveza kA artha nagara ke bAhara kA pradeza jahAM amarAva bagairaha loga rahate haiM. gAMva. nagara Adi sthAna yAtriyoM Adi kA DerA, mArgasthAna, par3Ava (pAila-sadda mahaNNavo koSa)

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156 3". Jagdish Chandra Jain Life of Ancient India as dispitched in the Jain canons- Mahari as Itinrory Page 257 22. upAsagadazAMga 1 / 67 AcArya tulasI aura nathamalamuni atIta aura anAgata pR. 133-34 / 23. iha khalu jaMbudoveNaM dIve bhArahevAse dahiNaDubharahe mAhaNakuMDapura sannimesaM / AcArAMga 1 / 175 kalpasUtra sUtra 15 / 24. Life of Ancient India as despited in the Jain Canon p. 248. 25. DA. rAmaraghuvIra kRta maMgera ke prAcIna jainatIrtha pR. 30. 26. P. C.Ray Chaudhary Jainim in Behar P. 13/14 27. Yogendra Misra An carly History of Vaishali. 28. P. C. Raj Chaudhary Jainism in Bihar 14. 29. ina saba dhAraNAoM kA vistArapUrvaka vizleSaNa hama Age kreNge| 30. mAhaNakaDaMggAmaM koDAlasagutta mAhaNo atthi tammaghare ubavaNNo devAnaMdAI kacchasi / / 457 / / vyAkhyA-pappAMttarA cyuto nagare koDAlasagotro brAhANa: RSabhadadhAne'stitamyA gRhe utpannaH devAnaMdAyAH kakSomiti gAthA / / 437 11 jabadIbU NaMdIbe, bhArahevAse..... dAhiNa mAhaNakuMDalaMpura sannivesAo uttarakhatiakuMDapura mannimammiNAyANa khatiyANaM / siddhatya-svAttaamma kAmavagatamma timalAe srutiyANIe amabhANaM pagalANa uvahAre karitA mubhANaM pragmalANa paksveva karitA kacchisiM gavbha mahAraDa (acArAgamatra TIkA sahita pR 388 ) 32. kalpasUtra bAlAbAMdha gujarAtI bhASAtara vyAkhyAna cauthA / (zrI vijayarAjendra mRri ) 33 aha cittasaddhamma torasI pavarata kArlAmma hantagahiM jAo kaDaggAme mahAvIgaM (Avazyakaniyakti bhAgya) 34 tatra tIrthakRtA janmana manika karmANi prathamata paTpaMcacamita dikka bhAriyA samAgatya zAzvitaka svacAra karmakavanti tadyathA (1) dikkamAryo'STAdhI lokaM vAsinya kampinAmana ahajjanAvadhe'yeyastamativezmani natvA prabha avA cezAnaM satikAgRha vyadhaH saMvartena zodhayana kSamatAye janamato gehAna (aSTanAmAni ) / (2) aSTAdhvalokasthetAmanvA'nna samAnakAM natragadhAmvapApaNa dhavarSohadvanAM nIraM (aSTanAmAni) (3) tApavaMrucakAdatya vilokanArtha darpaNa agre dhanna (aSTanAmAni) (4) enA dakSiNarUcakadatyAH snAnArtha kareM pUrNa kalazA dhRtvA gItagAna vidhAti ( nAmAni ) (5) enA pazcima rucakadanya. vAtArtha vjanaM pANAyo'gre niSThanti ( nAmAni / (6) aSTottara Tika ena rucakAdityaH cAmarANi vIjayanti (aSTAdikkumAryA: nAmAni ) (7) videkSvetyAmyu vidigamacakamyAdita rUcaka dvIpato'bhyeyuzca canagrodikkumAryo (TikkamAyAM nAmAni ) / (8) canaggalatAM nAla citvA vAnodare kSipena / ityAdi. (kalpamatra sarvAdhikA TIkA) vyAkhyAna pAcavA 35 kalpasUtra vyAkhyAna pAMcavAM / 36 digavarapuSyadata kRta mahApurANa madha 95 kaDavaka 6, 7 / 37. pajyapArTa kRta nirvANarbhAkta siddhArthanRpatitanayAM bhAratavAme videhe kuMDapure / 38. digambara jinamena kRta mahApurANaM magaM 2 zloka 1-5 /

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157. "atha dezo'stivistAro jambUdvIpasya bhArate videha iti vyAkhyAtaH svargamaMDanasama. zraya tatraha khaMDalanetrali pAnI khaMDa maMDana surakhammaH kuMDabhASAti nAmaH kaMDapurama parama 39. bharate'smina videha viSaye bhavanAMgane rAjeM: kuMDapurasya vasudhArA patatyu puss| 40. digambara mAnapITha pUjAMjali pRSTha 51 / / 41. digambara jayamAlA pUjA-jJAnapITha pUjAMjalI pRSTha 63 42. puSyadaMta kRta mahApurANu saMdhi 98 kar3avaka 91 / 43. mahAvIra tIrthakara kI janmabhUmi (hAnale) jai. sA. saMzodhaka khaNDa 1 se 4 pR. 218 44. uparyukta lekh| 45. bhAratIyavidyApITha pR. 186 / 46. mAtho'pi siddhArthapAda vaizAlInagarI yayau zaMkhaH pitR suhttraabhyrcngnnraattprbhm| tathA ptsthe| bhagavAna grAma vANijyake prati mArge gaMDakI nAma nadI nAvotatAretraca (triza. paruSa caritra parva 10) 47. kalpasUtra 31.33 48. niyakti 3325 49. niyukti 474 50. niyakti 476. 51. tammaNaM vANiyaggAmassa uttara-pacchime disibhAe dRipalAse NAma ujANa hotthaa| (vipAkasUtra pRSTha 16) 52. kuMDapuraNayara majheNaM nigcchei| jaNeva NAyamaMDavaNe ujjANe jeNaiva asogavarapAyava teNeva uvaagcchei| (kalpamatra nirNaya-sAgara presa patra 281) 53. kalpasUtra sUtra 55-56. 54. kalpasUtra 51. 55. kappatarukkhAe viva alIkaya vibhUsiya naride mo, koriTa malladAmiNa chatteNa dharijjamANeNaM se yavaraM cAmarahiM uddhava mANihiM maMgala jaya maha gayA. loga aNega gaNaNAyaga, daMDaNAyaga, rAIsara, talavara, mAMDaviya mati mahAti gaNaga dovAriya amacca caDa pIThamadda nagara nigama miTTi meNAvaI matthavAha dRA dhivAla siddhi saMpagviDe... (kalpamatra matra 62) 56 kSatraM tu kSatriyo rAjA g2ajanyo vaahsNbhvH|| mahAseNeyaM khnie| (isapara TIkA likhI hai) "candraprabhamya mahAmanaH kSatriyo gjaa|| (pravacanamArodvAra mttiik)| 57 tattha niccakAlaM rajjaMkArenvA vasaMtANaMta eva rAjANaM mattamahammANi mattaM-matANi satta gajAno (7707) / hoti mattakAyeva upArAjAno tattakA senApati jo tataMkA bhaaddaagaarikaa| (aTThakathA pR. 336) 58. ghaNeNaM dhanneNaM rajjeNaM raTTeNa baleNaM vAhaNeNaM koseNaM koDhagAreNa pareNa aMteureNaM jaNapayeNaM jasavAeNaM buDDittA (kalpamatra sUtra 89) movaNeNaM dhaNeNaM dhanneNaM rajjeNa jAvaM sahavijeNe pIisakkAreNaM aIca aIca abhivddaamo| maamtgynno| vamamAgayA (kalsatra matra 106) 59 vIra aridraNemi pAmaM malli va vAmapajja c| e e mattaNa jiNe avamemA Asi gayA? / / 22 / / gaekalesa vi jAyA vimada vamema ttie kulem| (TIkA) eva hi mahAvIra prabhRtyaH pacatIrthaktA rAjakuleSvapi vizuddhavazeSa kSatriyakale - kicita kSINekalApa bhti| yathA nandagaja-kalaM ata' ukta kaleSu / / 222 / / (Avazyaka niryakti 222 A. malayAri TIkA)

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258 60. bahiA ya NAyasaDe ApucchitANaM gAe savve divase muhutta sese kamAraggAmaM samaNupatto / / bhA. 111 / / (haribhadra TIkA) tatra ca pathadvayaM ekoM jalena vaparaH sthalye / tatra bhagavAna sthalyo gatvAn gacchaMzca divase muhurtazeSe kumAragrAmamanuprApta iti gAthArtha: / ( pU. 188 ) 61. gautamabuddha kI aMtima yAtrA mahAparinivANasutta / 62. DA. rAmaraghuvIrasiMha muMgera ke prAcIna jainatIrtha kSatriyakuMDa pR. 32 se 38 63. sTIveMmana kRta dI hArTa Apha jainijama / pR. 21-22. 64. hama Age inakA AcArya jI tathA panyAsa jI donoM kI mAnyatAoM para sAtha sAtha vicAra kreNge| 65. dekheM AcArya zrI kRta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhAga 1 pR. 83 66. paM0 kalyANavijaya jI kRta- zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra pR. 5 67 yadyapi zAstra meM aisA saketa nahIM milatA ki alaga-alaga sthAnoM meM dIkSAeM huii| kyoMki yahA ke tIna parvato ke nAma cakkaNANi haiN| jisa kA artha hai ki bhagavAna ne ina tInoM parvatoM para dharma cakra kA pravartana kiyA isa kA vizeSa khulAsA hama pahale kara Aye haiN| 68 AcArya tulasI aura rmAni nathamala kRta atIta kA anAvaraNa pR 131 69 uparokta pR 132 70 An early History of Vaishali Page 224 71 svAmI sahajAnaMda sarasvatI kRta brahmarNa vaMza vistAra pR 340, 331 72. majjhimanikAya (hindI anuvAda ) pa 127 padamaketa 11 619 meM jJAtRka ko vartamAna me daraDIha, masarasa jilA sAraNa (chaparA) se milAyA gayA hai| 73. atha lo kapilavatthavAsI sakyAkosikA nArakanAdata pAis bhagavA amhAka JAtiseTho (mahAparivvAna sutta sUtra 585) yahA jAniseTho kA artha hai- jJAti zreSTha (uttama jAti ) / jJAta yA jJAtRkala nahIM hai| 74 atIta kA anAvaraNa pR. 133 (A. tulasI muni nathamala kRta ) / 75 AcArya zrI vijendra sari kRta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhAga 1 pR 71 se 77 sIriya kushaayaa| 9. vAravaiyA - soraThA 12. 76. garyAgaha magadha, 2. caMpA agA, 3. tAmilitti bagAya / 4. kacaMnapra-kaliMga, 5. vArANasI caiva kAmI / / 1 / / 6 mAkaMta komalA 7 gayapura ca kuru 8 kapila pAcAlA 10 ahichattA - jAgalA ceva / / 2 / / 11. videha - mithilA 13 vaccha koTha 14 nadipura maDibmA, 15. bhaddilapura meva malayA / / 3 / / 16. varADa-vaccha 17 baraNA- acchA, 18 bhattiI dasannA / 19. suttivai - cedi, 20 vIyabhayaM sindhasauvIrA / / 4 / / 21 maharA ya - sUramenA, 22. pAvA bhaMgIya, 23. mAsapurI - baDDA / 24 sArvotthiya kuNAlA 25. koDirvArasaM ca kaNAlA / / 5 / / 26. seviyAviya nayarI kegai addha ca AriyA bhANiyA / janya utpati jiNANaM cakkINaM rAMya kaNahANaM | ||6|| ( vRhatkalpasUtra uddezA 1 pR. 913) 77. (1) aha citasuddha pakkhamsa terasi pubarata kAlAmma hatyuttarAhi jAo kuDaggAma mahAvIro / ( bhA. 61 ) hatthuttara joeNa kaDaggAmammi khattio jacco / vajarasaha saMghayaNo bhavijana vivAho vIro / ( Avazayaka niyukti 4595 ) evaM abhinyu aMva to buddho buddhArrAvade sarisa mho / logatiga devahi kaDaggAme mahAvIro / / bhA 88 / /

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159 jAvayaM kaMDaggAmo jAkyaM devANaM bhavaNaM aavaas| devehiM yA devIhiM ya abhira rahivaM saMcaranehiM (mA. 229) Avazayaka niyukti hari pR0 80-84 kaMDaggAmanagaraM, kuDapuranayaraM, kuMDaggAmanagaraM (kalpasUtra 66, 100, 101-5) atthi iha bharahavAse majjhima desassa maMDanaM prmN|' siri kaMDaggAmaM nayare vasumaI ramaNi tilaya bhuuyN| (A. nemicaMdra mahA. ca.) (2) khattiyakaMDagrAma nagara snnivesh| khattiakuMDaggAme sisattho nAma khattiA atthi| siddhattha bhAriAe sAhara trisalAi kcchsi|| (A.ni. pa. 178) gamanikA kSatriyakaMDagrAme siddhArtho nAme kSatriyo'sti tatra siddhartha bhAryAyAM saMhara trizalAyAH kukSAviti gAthArtha (bhA. 52) uttara-khattiyakuMDa sannivesa (AcArAMga, zru0 2 cUrNi 3, bhA. vanA satra 399, 482 403) khatiakuMDaggAmanayara kalpasUtra 20, 25, 27, 29, 67). 3 mAhaNakuMDaggAma, nayara, snnives| bAhiNa-mAhaNakaMDa sannivesa (AcArAMga 5.3 bhA. sU. 391-99) mAhaNakaMDagAma nayara (kalpasUtra 2, 14, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29) mAhaNakaMDaggAme kozalAssaguttassa mAhaNo atyiA tassa ghare uvvaNNo devAnadAI kcchisi|| / / 457 / / - asyA-vyAkhyA- puSpottarAcyato brAhmaNakaMDa grAme nagare koDAlasa gotro brAhmaNa. RSabha dattAbhidhAnano'sti tasya gRhe utpannaH devAnandAyAH kukSAviti gAthArthaH / / 457 (Avazyaka niyukti hAri. vRtti pR. 158) 4 bamanagAma- rAyagihi taMtusAla mAsakhamaNe ca gosaale| (ni. 492) kollAga bahula pAyala divvA gosAla diTThA paavjjaa|| - bAhiM suvaNNaMkhalae pAyasa thAlI niyaddha ghnn| 474 bamanagAme naMdovanada taya pccddhe| caMpA damAsakhamaNe vAsAvAsaM muni khmii|| (A. ni. 475) ' . 1. Asama payammi viya jiNiMdo paaysaaNddmmi| avasesA niksattA sahasaMva varNAmma ujjtenn|| (ni. 331) - evaM sadeva maNuA-surAe parivaDho bhyvN| abhidhuvaMto girIhiM saMpatto paayprvn|| (bhA. 105) bahiyA yA pAvasaMre ApucchitANa NAye svve|| divasa muhutta sese kumAraggAmaM smnnuptto|| (bhA. 111) (Avazyaka niyukti bhAvanA hari. TIkA 137 186-87) 2. jeNeva pAyasI ujjAye teNeva uvaagcche||| (AcArAMga sUtra 402 zru. 2 cU. 3 3. kuMDapura nagara majha majmeNa NigiccheipAmigacchei jeNeva pAyagbo ujyAce jeNeva asogavara pAyaveNa uvaagcche||| (kalpasUtra) 4. bahusAla aIye, bahusAlae ge|| (bhagavatI sUtra) . mAhaNakaMDaggAme kuMDAlisa guttassa mAhaNo atthi| tassa ghare uvavaNNo devAnaMdAI kucchisi||457|| aAyAkhyA- puSpottarAccuto bAhmaNakuMDagrAme nagare koDAlasa gotro brAhmaNa RSabhadatAbhidhAno'sti tasya gRhe utpannaH devAnaMdAyAH kukSAviti gAthArthaH (Ava.ni. hArivRtti pR. 178)

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.160 khattimakaMDagmAme siddhatyo nAma khattiyo atthiA sisatya mArivAe sAhara tisalAI kucchisi|| 52 / / (hariNagamesI dUteNa) A. ni. pR. 179 66. vIrapuraM bAravaI, ko aMgaU kollAyaggAmo (A. ni. 2325) 67 viharato morAka sannivesa prAptasya bhagavataH sannivAsI duIjjata nAmAbhidhAnA paassNddsyo| (kalasUtraTIkA) 68 bhagavaM ya aDamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmm-maakhii|| (zyAmAcAryakRta prazAyaNA satra) 69. saMmaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa piyA kAsavaba guNe tassaNaM teo nAmadhijjA ebamAhijjatiMgateNajahA siddhatho vA sijjaMsaI vA jsNseiv| samaNassa bhaga vibo mahAvIrassa mAyA bAsiTugutteNaM tIse tAo nAma dhijjaa| evamAhijjatiM taM jahA tisallAkA videhadinnAi vA pIikAriNI vA (kalpasatra) 70. kazalanidaza mAsika disambara 1986,pR. 38 71. kuzala nirdeza mAsika disaMbara 1986 pR. 68 72. kuzalanirdeza disaMbara 1986 pR. 29 72. zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra (pariziSTa) kA janmasthAna kSatriyakaMDagrAma (jamui) DA. zyAmAnandaprasAda 1. bharatasiMha upAdhyAya kRta buddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhuugol| 2. Select Inscription of Bihar P. 6. 35.3 3. manidarzana vijaya jI (tripuTI) kRta kSatriyakuMDa 4. DA. bhagavAnadAsa kesarI -sikaMdarA kA lekha 5. DA. rAmaraghuvIrasiMha kRta muMgerake prAcIna-jainatIrtha pR. 16 6. Bihar District Gangeteers Munger (1960) P. 514 7. DA. rAmaraghuvIrasiMha-muMgera ke prAcIna jainatIrtha pR. 17 8. vahI pR. 18 1. bhagavato mAyA ceDagassa bhagiNi, bhojaI cahagassa dhUyA (A. cu.) 2. tisalAI vA videhadinnAI vA piyakAriNI vA (AcArAMga sUtra) 3. TIkAkAra kI vyAkhyA-videhadinnA trizalA yasyA apatya videhadinna 4. jeTThA kaMDagAme vaDamANa saaminne| bedRssa naMdIvaDeNasa dinnA (A. TIkA) 5. niggaMTha NAyapatta zramaNabhagavAna mahAvIra aura mAMsAhAra parihAra (hIrAlAla duggar3a) 6. kalAriyA chahavihA paM.va. 1. uggA 2. bhogA 3. rAinna 4. ikkhAgaM 5. NAyA, 6. kArabbA 6. sthAnAMga sUtra 497 7. itazca vasudhAvayA maulI maNikya sannibhA vaizAlIti nagaryastya griiysii||14|| akhaDala ivA khaMDa zAsanA pRthvIpati ceTI kRtazca bhUpAlastatraM cttkaakhybhuut|| 185 / / 8. DikzanarI Apha pAlI zramaraneksa bhAga 2 pR. 941 9. taeNaM se kaNie rAyA tetIsAe daMtI sahassahiM tetIsAe Asa sahassehi tetIsAe raha sahassahi, tetIsAe mAnussa koDihiM siddhi saMpaviTaG biDhie jAva jAveNaM subhehiMdesihiM subhehi avarAvAsahiM vattebhAe vasamaNi aMgajaNavayassa mase majhe jeNeva videhe jaNavae basAlI teNeva paTTAretya gamaNAkA 10.paMcAnAM sindhu SaSTAnAMsa nadInAM aMtarazritaH vAhikAnAma dezajAH (mahAbhArata meM bAhika kA artha paMjAbavAsI kiyA hai) 11. madhyaaiziyA aura paMjAba meM jainadharma (hIrAlAla duggar3a) pR. 106-7

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