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..deva, svahrdayam api rajña na vikrambhanlyam, kim utapare.1
(Lord, a king should not trust even his own heart. Then what of others ?) ...yan ni juhṛdayam api sarvatha na visvasaniyam kim uta Jusantaram.. (..that even one's own heart should not by all means be trusted, what of other people ?)
The similarities between the Kc., the Ge. and the Jc. have been pointed out by T. S. Kuppuswami Sastri in the introduction to his edition of the Ge., and in the Ke. The indebtedness of Haricandra to Vädibhasimha's works is great and as Handique says, it can be said that "without the latter (Kc. and Gc.) it would not be very easy to follow the story in all its details.."5
Therefore, from the above shown evidence it is clear that the Jc. is later than the Up., the Ke., the G., and the Cc.
Study of Civakacintamani
Out of the remaining books, the Up., the Apabhramia Mp of Puspadanta, and Vadibhasimha's works, the Cc. has a greater affinity to Vädibbasimha's works than to the Up and the Mp. of Puspadanta.
Just as we are unable to say anything about the source of the Cc. we also do not find any reference in Vadibhasim 11's works for their source book. Vadibhasimha, in the introductory stanzas of his two works, says that he is narrating the story which was told by Sudharma on the request of the king Śrenika.
Srenikapraina uddiya sudharmo gaṇanayakaḥ
yathovac mayapy etad ucyate mokşalipsaya//G
(Out of the desire for eternal bliss, I am narrating this, just as it was told by the chief of the ganas, Sudharma, on being asked by Śrenika.)
The above verse is from the Kc. and the same fact is also mentioned in the Gc. In the Up. the entire Jivandhara story is aarrated through the mouth of Sudharma on the question asked by king Srenika. The story starts as follows:
anyada asau maharajaḥ kreṇikakhyaḥ paribhraman/ priya gandhakujibah yabhasvadvanacatuştaye || sthitam pindidrumasyadho jivamdharaunivaram dhyanarüḍham vilokyaitadrapadişu vişaktadhiḥ 1 sakautukaḥ samabhyet ya sudharmagaṇanayakam / bhaktik o'bhyarcya vanditva yathasthanam nivliya tam
1 Gc. 1: Para 9, p. 38.
2 Jc. 1st lambha, p. 15.
3 Gc, edited by T. S. Kuppuswami Sastri, Srirangam, 1916.
4 Kc. edited by T. S. Kuppuswami Sastri, Sarasvativilasa Series, No. III, Tanjore, 1903.
5 K. K. Handiqui, Forward to Jivandhara campu, edited by Pt. Pannalal Jain, Varanasi, 1958, p. 21. 6 Kc. 1:3
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