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A compurative study of the Jivandhara Story. .
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In the Up. Jivandhara did not know anything about his parents till he was told by the celestial (khecara). He met the celestial after the marriage of Hemābba (Kanakamālai in the Cc.). Di fferences found between the Up. and the Cc.
(i) In the Up. the ascetic Šilagupta predicted to Gandhotkața that he would find a son who would rule the earth, in a cemetery where he would go to dispose of the dead body of his own son. This prediction is heard by a yakşi and she went to the royal palace to assist the mother in the birth of that son. This is not narrated in the Cc.
(ii) The visit of the ascetic Rudradatta, his request to see king Satyandhara, the refusal of permission by the Queen Vijayā, the anger of Rudradatta, his visit to the house of Kāşthāngaraka, his request to Kāsthangāraka to kill the king and his prediction that the son of the king will kill Kāşthāngārakal are not narrated in the Cc. 2. Kovintaiyār ilampakam Similar sections in the Up. and the Cc.
The hunters approached the cow pen in order to seize the cows in Hemangada. When the king Kāşthāngāraka was informed about it, he proclaimed that the virtuous virgin Godāvari, the daughter of Gopendra and Gopasri, would be given to the one who could recover the cows. On hearing this, Jivandbara went to bring back the cows. He defeated the enemy and brought back the stolen cows. The whole country rejoiced over the victory of Jivandhara. The sons of Vaisyas made the king give Godāvari ip marriage to Nandadhya.2 (Patumukan in Cc.) Variations found in the Cc.
(i) In the Up. the name of the chief of the forest-dwellers is given as Kalakūta. 3 This name is omitted in the Cc. and it is only said that the cows were stolen by hunters.
(ii) in the Up., the king Kāşthāngaraka proclaimed that the virgin Godavari would be given to him who shall recover the cows. But in the Cc. this has been altered. First, when the cowherds reported to the king Kattiyankāran he sent his army. The king's army failed to recover the cows. Being disappointed, the chief of the cowherds, Kõvintan, proclaimed that he would give his daughter to the one who retrieved the cows from the enemy. On the victory of Civakan it was Kövirtan who gave away his daughter to Civakan and not Kattiyankāran. Civakan accepted her to give her in marjiage to Patumukan and not to Nantāttiyan as stated in the Up."
(iii) In the Up., it is said that Jivandhara accompanied by Kalangāraka (the son of Kāşthāngāraka) went to fight the enemy. But in the Cc. the character Kalāngāraka is not introduced into the story at all. 1 Up. v. 284.
2 Up. v. 296. 3 Up. loc. cit. vv. 284 296. 4 Ibid, loc. cit. v. 288. 5 Cc. v. 440. 6 Ibid, vv. 477-482. 7 lbid, v. 489.
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