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A comparative study of Jivandhara Story...
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Vijaya and she, knowing that they were her son's friends, asked them to bring bim with them when they came back. His friends, when they entered Hemābhapuram, plundered the property of the merchants in that country (this incident is described differently in the Cc. and it will be dealt with in the section dealing with the variations) and Jivandhara went to fight with them and bring the lost property. There Jivandhara found the arrows dispatched by the enemy were marked by his own name and recognised that the enemies with whom he fought were his own friends. They all joined Jivandhara and stayed with him for some time. They told him about their encounter with Jivandhara's mother. Hearing the news of his mother Jivandhara started to see his mother in the Dagdaka forest.
Variations found in the Story of the Cc.
(i) According to the Up. Gandharvadattä visited Jivandhara very often. But in the Cc. Kantaruvatattai did not go to see Civakan at all. She only knew the place. where he was staying by her magical powers.1
(iii) Accarding to the Up. Madhura, the friend of Jivandhara went to visit Jivandhara with his friends 2 But, in the Cc. it is Patumukon who went to see Civakan.
(iii) According to the Up. Madhura and his friends plundered the property of the merchants. But in the Cc. Patumukan and his friends stole the cows of the cowherds and the war is described according to the Tamil poetical traditions of the early Tamil literature, 5
Differences found between the Ce and the Up.
(i) The episode of Anankamävipai, the lady who tried to seduce Civakan, which is narrated in detail in the Cc. is not found in the Up. In the Cc. Anańkam avai's effort to attract the attention of Civakan, his recognition of her intentions, his preaching to her about the impurity of the body, her lover's arrival, her disappearance from the spot where she was standing, the encounter of Civakan with her lover Pavatattan, his advice to him about the unfaithfulness of women, Pavatattan's eagerness to see his lover in spite of the advice given by Civaka and the teaching of a mantra which could help Pavatattan to obtain his wife by Civakans are not narrated in the Up.
(ii) According to the Cc., Civakat, before he married Kavakamalai, sent her at garland with a letter in it through a dwarf woman. Having read that letter Kagakamālai fell in love with Crvakan and sent a love letter back to Civakan through Anahkavilacini. Though Civakan did not want to receive that letter, on the persuasion of Anankaviläcini he received that letter. This incident is not narrated in the Up. (iii) According to the Cc., before Civakan's friends Patumukan, Putticéoan and others started to steal the cows of the cowherds they heard about the victory of
4 Up. v. 561.
1 Cc. v. 1709.
5 Cc. v. 1856ff.
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2 Up. vv. 551ff.
6 Cc. vv. 1567-1601.
3 Cc. v. 1767ff. 7 Cc. 1652ff.
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