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Sanskrit loan words in the Civakacintamani
183
The medial 'h' is sometimes elided. For example : Skt.
Tamil 1 rõhiņi
uropi
(name of the third star) 2 vřihi
virji
(rice)
198
503
Conjunct Consonants :
Initially, the consonant clusters of the Skt, loan words always become a single consonant or broken up by intrusive vowels, i, or u, or a in Tamil. For example : Skr.
Tamil 1 sthandila tanțilam
(place designed for
2466
sacrificial fire) 2 sthāla
tālam (plate)
398 3 sthāna
tanam (place)
542, 1567, 2823 4 sphatikaPkt. phaliha palikku (crystal)
1921 Mal, patikam 5 dvipatipam
(island) 6 kramuka kamuku
(arecanut)
68, 1616 7 svagata cuvākatam (welcome)
1021 ( here the intrusive vowel 'u' has been introduced
and the initial 's' has changed to 'c'.) If the consonant cluster has 'y', 'r', or l' as the second member in a Skt. word, generally it takes 'i' as the intrusive vowel in Tami) If the first member is 'k', 'c', 'e', or 'p' it doubles. For example : Skt.
Tamil 1 astra
attiram (arrow)
815 2 yantra
entiram (machine)
1614 3 Surya cūriyan (sun)
2208 4 hiranya iraniyan (a name of an asura)
1813 5 sukla cukkija (pure)
3081 In some cases before the 'r' an 'a' is included. For example : Skt. cakra Tam. cakkaram (wheel)
2761 If 'r' is the first member of the consonant cluster it takes a prothetic 'u' in Tamil. For example:
Skt. karpūra Tam, karuppuram (here 'p' is also doubled.)
There are instances where in a consonant cluster either progressive assimilation or regressive assimilation takes place.
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