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The following are some of the loan-words found in the Tirukkural.
Pkt.
Tamil
Amacca
Skt.
1. Amatya
2. Acara
3. A
4. Kāma
5. Kārikā
6. Nāma
7. Pūjana
8. Bhagavan
9. Bhagya
Skt.
1. Udarata
2. Gati
3. Šisa
4. Divya
5. Duhkha
6. Pramana
7. Dana
8. Jääna
9. Svarga
Amaiccan
Acaram
Acai
Kaman
Karikai
Namam
Pucanai
Pakavan
Pakkiyam
Kati
Ciṭṭan
Tippiyam
Tukkam
Piramanam
Jain Education International
Tanam
NanamCuvarkkam
(liberality)
(way, path)
Study of Civakacintamani
(minister)
(conduct)
(desire)
(God of love)
(acting as agent)
(name)
(offering)
(knowledge)
(heaven)
1 S. Vijayapuri Pillai, Kaviyakalam, p. 51.
2 Ibid, p. 88
(god)
(luck)
Since the Kural deals with almost all the aspects of life, love, politics, ethics etc., Skt. loan-words in all these fields were borrowed and these words enriched Tamil language and made it more flexible and resilient. Some of the Skt. words found in the Tirukkural are first introduced only in this book. 1
Ver. 381
1075
266
1197
571
360
18
1
1141
As Vaiyapuri Pillai says, "the inspiration kindled by Valluvar (the author of the Tirukkura) produced a few works very much on the same lines as the Tirukkural."9 The other works classified under the eighteen minor works are also indebted to Sanskrit literature in their ideas and as a result of it, the number of Sanskrit words in Tamil also increased. We give below some examples which are taken from the Tirikajukam and the Cirupaficamalam.
Tamil Utaratai
For Private & Personal Use Only
39
Cirupan, 12
Cirupan. 94
23
""
39
99
(disciplined man) Cirupañ. 96
(divine)
Tirikat. 43.
(worry)
Tirika. 60
(measure)
Tirikat. 7
(gift)
Cirupan. 36
Cirupan. 36
Cirupan, 36
66.92
In their devotional songs, the Saiva saints and the Vaisnava Alvars tried to use the language of the masses to which Skt. diction added richness. For example the
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