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Sanskrit loan words in the Civakacintamani
"I'
Since Tamil has no r in its vowel system, when Skt. words with rare borrowed in Tamil, the letter undergoes three kinds of changes, i.e. the Skt. r changes into ir, iru, or i in Tamil. For example:
Skt.
Tamil
1. ameta2. hrdaya
'e
3. drdha
4. krmi
amirtu
itayam(Here the
initial h
is dropped)
Kan. hidaya titab
kirumi
1. revati
2. videha
In one word the has changed into a, and this word has been borrowed in .Tamil from Pkt. e.g.:
Skt. vtta
Pkt. vaṭṭa Tam. vaṭṭam (circle, round) Pali. vatţa
(ambrosia) (heart)
Jain Education International
(firm) (worm)
ēkam -
ētam1
vēkam
Skt. 'e', h: it initial or medial, often remains unchanged. For example:
Skt.
Tamil
Tamil
iraivati
vitaiyam
1. eka
2. kheda -
3. vega
The medial 'e' sometimes changes into 'ai'. For example:
Skt.
(alone)
(trouble)
(poison)
Tamil
kaivalam kaitavam
teyvam
222 3.123
1546
1154
(name of a nakṣatra) (a name of a country)
677
2326
1097
1274
The initial 'ai' sometimes changes into ayi'. For example:
Skt. airavana Tam ayiravapam
For Private & Personal Use Only
506
162
'ai' in the first syllable often remains unchanged, but in one word it has changed to 'ey. For example:
Skt.
1. kaivalya
2. kaitavam3. daiva
175
(final emancipation) 2741 (deceit)
2873 241
(God)
1 The word ētam would have also come from the Skt. word 'cheda'. Whether the Skt. word has come is kheda or cheda the initial letter is dropped here. letters is difficult to explain.
from which the Tamil 'etam' This dropping of the initial
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