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58
Study of Civakacintamani
The difference between the Up. and the Cc.
(i) The prediction of the astrologers to the hunters who wanted to steal the cows of the cowherds, that there would be evil, and the prediction of the foreteller of the omens to the cowherds that there was going to be evil, which is narrated in the Cc., are not found in the Up. These incidents are narrated in the Cc, according to the Vetci and Karantai war, the two kinds of war found in the early Tamil literary tradition. 1 3. Kāotaruvatattaiyār ilampakam
The story of Kāntaruvatattai is one of the longest episodes in the Cc. Though the main section of the story is similar to the Up., there are many variations and differences in the rest of the story, and in the sequence of events. Similar sections in the Up. and the Cc.
Gandhai vadattā, the daughter of the Vidyādhara king Garudavega and queen Dhāriņi, was taken to Rajapuram by Jinadatta, to get married according to the prediction made earlier. In Rājapuram, Jinadatta erected a ball and proclaimed that Gandharvadattā would be given in marriage to the one who could defeat her in the lute competition. All the people who wanted to marry her came and competed with her. But all of them failed. At last Jivandhara went to the hall and played the lute, and won her. Gandharvadattā who had fallen in love with Jivandhara, garlanded him. The variations found in the Cc.
(i) In the Up., Matisāgara, the minister of Garudavega (Kaluļavēkan in the Cc.) came to know all about the future life of Gandharvadatta from the ascetic Vipulamati. Jinadatta (Citattan in the Cc.) and Garudavega were friends and Jinadatta went to visit his friend in his house. This part of the story is not found in the Cc. The introduction of Citattan is effected in an entirely different way. According to the Cc. Cytattan, after a shipwreck in which he lost all his wealth and friends, met a celestial called Taran, who was sent by Kalulavēkan (Garudavega). Taran explained to Citattan that the shipwreck was caused deliberately by him in order to bring Citattan to their land. He took Citattan to the court of the king, where the king handed over his daughter to Citattan. The king also told him about the prediction of the astrologers and asked Citattan to give her in marriage to the one who won her in the lute competition.
Therefore, the meeting of Kalulavēkan and Citattan in the Cc. is narrated in a different way from the Up.
(ii) In the Up., after Gandharvadattā had garlanded Jivandhara, Kalangāraka, the son of Kāşthangāraka, made an attempt to abduct Gandharvadattā,3 But in the Cc., the character Kalangāraka is never introduced. It was Kattiyankāran who insti. gated other kings to fight against Civakan. 1 Infra, p. 149. 2 Up. loc. cit v. 322 3 Ibid, loc. cit. v. 340. 4 Cc. vv. 741-757.
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