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IX
his 1910 edition of the Bambhacerāim of the Āyāra (supplied in Appendix 1 here). For the Sūyagada Schubring used primarily the 1879 edition. For the sake of convenience the sutra numbers of the 1917 Bombay edition have been added to Schubring's references to his Ācārânga Sūtra. Further, scholars dealing with the Sūyagada in detail can, for a comparison of Schubring's and Jacobi's translations, profit a great deal by also drawing upon Professor Bollée's work (Bollée 1977 and 1988), especially because of the extensive use of the old commentaries.
Any translation from the German sometimes requires keeping to the German word order; this is the reason why the sentence structure in some places may be a bit strained and strange. Further, such an undertaking is not possible without the help of native speakers. I thank in the first place my wife Luitgard Soni who most willingly went through my translation with me to make sure that the meaning of the German was not lost. Then Felix Otter, a graduate student, checked my translation of the addition on pp. 17–21. Professor Bollée finally went through everything, dotting the i's and crossing the t's, and adding his very useful information. It is hoped that in cases of any doubt the reader can consult the original Prakrit and then compare our English rendering of Schubring's German.
The final impetus to undertake this project came from Dr Jithoo Bhai Shah of Ahmedabad. I thank him for the encouragement and motivation necessary to enable such a task, and for readily agreeing to publish the work. Professor Adelheid Mette very kindly made Ludwig Alsdorf's personal copy of Schubring's book available to the translators. This made it possible to include several useful remarks which Alsdorf wrote in the margin of his copy. Moreover, Mr Paul Dundas of Edinburgh University kindly offered his expertise in the field of Jaina studies by going through the completed translation and giving us his valuable 'second opinion'.
It is hoped that this English translation of Schubring's German will be welcomed, if not only to facilitate a comparison with Jacobi in the interpretation of the texts, but also for the added wealth of information given by Schubring in his philological critique of the texts.
J. Soni University of Marburg Germany 2003
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