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foreword all text titles have been given in italics (and not only the group names of texts such as Anga, Uvanga, etc.); 2. the footnotes are supplied in sequence for each chapter (or several chapters together), as against Schubring's numbering per page; 3. in a few cases a new paragraph seemed necessary (e.g., on Schubring's p. 18); 4. all insertions by the translators have been done using angle brackets ....) (including Schubring's page numbers), in order not to confuse these with Schubring's own insertions in square brackets [...]; 5. as already said, footnotes that have such angle brackets (e.g., 3), are thanks to Professor Bollée's added contribution; 6. in a few selected cases some of Schubring's footnotes have been integrated into the text, especially where just one word is given in the footnote; 7. for practical purposes a footnote has often been repeated in full, instead of merely giving the reference to it; 8. Schubring has spaced the letters of some words in order to highlight them as being important for a section or chapter; this too has been done here.
In his other renowned work Lehre der Jainas (p. 26, fn. 7), published later in 1935, Schubring makes a correction which has been included here, on p. 26, and indicated it by doubleunderlining it. Professor Bollée had discovered this. Further, Professor Bollée is in possession of Schubring's valuable personal copy of the book translated here in which Schubring made several changes, corrections and/or additions in pencil. These we have indicated here also by double-underlining them, in many cases by adding: "Schubring's personal copy". (The corrigenda on p. x of the German original have been silently included here.) Some changes have also been taken over from Leumann's review of Schubring's book. Schubring adopted these in his personal copy and they have been included here (see the English translation of Leumann's review in Appendix 2).
All the texts which Schubring chose to translate into German, and published in 1926, had already been translated into English by Hermann Jacobi in his Jaina Sūtras in two volumes, published in 1884 and 1895 (42 and 31 years earlier), to which Schubring himself refers in several places. Schubring says at the beginning of his foreword that his "intention was to present a philological critique of the texts" and this “in German and in a special garb”. In his introduction, p. li, vol. 1, Jacobi indicates that he used the Pāli Text Society edition of the Ācārānga Sūtra (Āyāranga Sutta), whereas Schubring says in his foreword that he partly used
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