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INTRODUCTION
107
Kļşņa (in) the South, the king of Avanti (in) the East, the king Vatsarāja (in) the West, and Jayavarāha over the Saura-mandala. I agree with Dr. DASHARATH SHARMA and Dr. H. L. JAIN that Vatsarāja need not be connected
gets mentioned in a locality with reference to a Teacher who hails from a different locality: a man mentions the locality as a part of his surname only when he migrates to some other place. This reference, therefore, cannot be adduced as an evidence to show that the place was called Vardhamānapura. Thirdly, the equation of Dostaţikā with Dotāriya is tempting (apart from its conjectural etymology). but it cannot be proposed without first proving that Vardhamāna. pura-Badnawar. Fourthly, to bring ürjayantālaya-simha vähini to Ujjain and associate her with Mahākāla there is only a forced conjecture. Fifthly, in none of the epigraphs found at Badnawar is mentioned the Punnāța Samgha with which both Jinasena and Harişeņa are associated. Sixthly, the Badnawar records mention neither any local Varāha ruler nor any suzerain -pāla king referred to by Jinasena and Harişeņa and also in the Haddālā grant. Seventhly, Badnawar presumes an earlier form of its name to end in -pura (like Varddhanāpura, as the local records show). But the locality which Jinasena (Vardhamāne pure, and not Vardhamānapure) and Harişeņa (Vardhamāna+ākhya-pure) mention (along with the Haddāļā grant which I am using from a second hand source) Vardhamāna is really the name of the locality, and the term pura is more a descriptive appendage than a part of the name of the town proper. So it cannot be equated with Badnawar but it can be with Wadhawan with greater justification. Lastly, the list of Nannarājas is quite welcome, but no specific evidence is brought forth to prove that any one of them had built a temple either at Vardhamāna(-pura) or at Badnawar. Proposing identity based on similar names either in the case of Jaina Ācāryas or dignitaries is always fraught with uncertainty, because our information is necessarily limited. Lately, a scholar (see the Introduction of the Pārévābhyudaya by Shri M. G. KOTHARI, Bombay 1965) has identified Nannarāja, in whose name a temple stands at Vardhamāna-pura in Saka 705, with Nanna, the patron of Puşpadanta who completed his Mahāpurāņu in Saka 887: all this on the basis of similarity in name. Thus the well-established dates of these authors are upset. The above discussion shows that Badnawar has no claims for being identified with Vardhamāna (-pura) of Jinasena and Harişeņa. For verifying the details of the political history discussed in this connection, I do not have here the necessary material on which the theory is built; nor is this discussion needed for the identification of Vardhamāna (-pura). Some historians have not taken this discussion sympathetically (B. N. PURI: The History of Gurjara Pratihāras, p. 35, Bombay 1957, where these theories are considered to be highly speculative.). Dr. V. V. MIRASHI (Studies in Indology, Vol. IV, pp. 137 ff., Varanasi 1966), however, would like to endorse the view of Dr. H. L. JAIN, merely because he has not examined the basic facts on which the structure of arguments is based. Some of these facts have been duly scrutinised above. There is one more inscription found in Ujjain and assigned to the time between the Vikrama years 1197-1200. It mentions Jayavarmadeva residing in Vardhamānapura and informing his officials. He was dethroned soon after his succession by Ajayavarman. The various places mentioned there including Vardhamānapura are not identified. May be that Jayavarman was staying at Vardhamānapura perhaps during the period of his exile: the identity of this place in Malwa is still to be proved (Indian Antiquary, Nov. 1890, p. 350, and reference to this in the article of Dr. V. V. MIRASHI noted above). For a reference to Vardhamānanagari in the South, see 1. A. XI, January 1882, pp. 11, 18.
1D. SHARMA: Annals of the B. O. R. I., XVIII, iv, pp. 396-98; J. of I. History, XXII, ii-iii, pp. 92 ff.; Ibid. XXIII, i, pp. 43-44; Ibidem XLI, iii, Dec. 1963, pp. 757 f. Also the observations of Drs. H. L. JAIN and V. V. MIRASHI, noted above. G. C. CHOUDHARI: Political History of N. India, Amritsar 1963, pp. 40 f.
2D. SHARMA: Rajasthan through the Ages, Bikaner 1966, pp. 126 ff., Bikaner 1966. H. L. JAIN: Identification of Vardhamānapura and the Ruler of Avanti in Saka 705, Madhya Bhārati, Vol. III, p. 8, Jabalpur 1965.
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