Tattvartha Sutra aur Uski Parampara

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003603/1

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pArzvanAtha zodhapITha granthamAlA : 67 5 himA ANKARA*550 saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina Guo tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA lekhaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina GG * pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5 PARSVANATHA SODHAPITHA, VARANASI-5.

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pArzvanAtha zodhapITha granthamAlA saM067 sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA lekhaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI saccaM logammi sArabhUyaM pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha vArANasI-5.

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pustakatattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA lekhaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha. ( kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA mAnyatA prApta ) AI0 TI0 AI0 ke samIpa, karauMdI posTa - bI0 eca0 yU0, vArANasI - 5 ( u0 pra0 ) pina koDa 229005, phona - 311462, saMskaraNa prathama -- janavarI, 1994 mUlya- rupaye, Tattvarthasutra Aurasaki Para para Prof. Sagarmal Jain Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanatha Sodhapitha. Varanasi-5. mudraka mahAvIra presa bhelUpura, vArANasI

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samarpaNa paM0 sukhalAlajI, paM0 becaradAsajI, paM0 nAthUrAmajI premo pro0 dalasukhamAlavaNiyA, pro0 hIrAlAlajo, pro0 nathamala TATiyA~ evaM pro0 madhusUdana DhAko ke usa vidvanmaNDala ko jinake taTastha cintana adhyayana aura lekhana ke kSetra meM / merA mArgadarzana kiyA -sAgaramala jaina

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prakAzakIya tattvArthasUtra jaina dharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM kA sarvamAnya grantha hai| tattvArthasUtra ko jainoM kI sabhI paramparAoM dvArA mAnyatA diye jAne kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa graMtha meM atyanta saMkSepa meM jaina dharma evaM darzana kI sabhI mUlabhUta mAnyatAoM ko prastuta kara diyA gayA hai| isIlie yaha grantha jainadharma kA eka pratinidhi grantha mAnA jAtA hai| phira bhI isake lekhaka, lekhana kAla, paramparA Adi ko lekara paraspara matabheda hai| vibhinna sampradAyoM ke vidvAna ise apane-apane DhaMga se nirUpita karate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, ise apane-apane sampradAya kA grantha siddha karane ke prayatnoM meM unhoMne eka dUsare para Aropa-pratyAropa bhI lagAye haiN| phalataH vivAda ke mahe bar3hate hI gye| pro0 sAgaramala jaina jainoM ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ke graMthoM ke sUdhI adhyetA haiN| unhoMne atyanta parizramapUrvaka niSpakSa rUpa se tattvArthasUtra ke lekhaka, racanA kAla, lekhaka kI paramparA Adi praznoM para vicAra kiyA hai aura apane niSkarSa prastuta kiye haiN| unake niSkarSoM se kauna sahamata hotA hai yA asahamata, yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai / mahattvapUrNa to yaha hai ki unhoMne apane isa lekhana meM eka taTastha dRSTikoNa apanAkara satya ko prastuta karane kA sAhasa kiyA hai, yahI unakI isa kRti kI vizeSatA hai| AzA hai ki vidvat jagata meM unakI isa kRti kA svAgata hogaa| hama isa kRti ke praNayana hetu pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke prati AbhArI haiN| isake liye unake prati mAtra kRtajJatA jJApita kara denA bhI paryApta nahIM hai| isake sAtha hI saMsthAna ke zodhAdhikArI DA. azokakumAra siMha evaM zrI asImakumAra mizra ke bhI hama AbhArI haiM jinhoMne prapha saMzodhana Adi kAryoM meM unheM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| isake satvara evaM sundara mudraNa ke lie hama mahAvIra presa ko bhI dhanyavAda jJApita karate haiN| bhUpendranAtha jaina, mantrI 'pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, pharIdAbAda'

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lekhakIya tattvArthasatra jainadharma kA eka aisA graMtha hai jise usake sabhI sampradAyoM meM mAnyatA prApta hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki yaha sAmpradAyika vighaTana evaM sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva kI racanA hai| phira bhI sAmpradAyika AgrahoM ke kAraNa pratyeka paramparA ke vidvAna ise apanI hI paramparA meM nirmita honA batAte haiN| isa sandarbha meM vibhinna paramparA ke vidvAnoM evaM muniyoM ne apane pakSa ke samarthana meM paryApta lekha likhe haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM paNDita sukhalAlajI ne apanI tattvArtha sUtra kI bhUmikA meM evaM AcArya zrI AtmArAmajI ne 'tattvArtha sUtra jainaAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha meM paryApta parizrama karake tattvArtha sUtra ko zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se tulanA karake usako zvetAmbara paramparA meM nirmita honA batAyA hai| isI sandarbha meM AcArya zrI sAgarAnandasUrijI ne "zrI tattvArthasUtra kartRtanmata nirNaya' meM to aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparA ke haiN| sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI dikhAyA hai ki digambara paramparA ke dvArA tattvArthasUtra kA jo pATha nirdhArita kiyA gayA hai usameM aura zvetAmbara mAnyapATha meM kauna sA pATha yuktisaMgata hai| isake viparIta digambara paramparA meM paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI ne 'tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja' nAmaka lekha meM, paM0 jugalakizora jo mukhtAra ne apane vividha lekhoM ke dvArA apane grantha 'jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza' meM, paM0 phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI ne apano sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA meM, paM0 kailAzacaMdajI ne 'jainasAhitya ke itihAsa, bhAga-2' meM tathA paM0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ne apane kucha nibandhoM ke mAdhyama se jo ki 'jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana' meM saMkalita haiM, yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra digambara paramparA kA grantha hai aura usakA AdhAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kunda-kunda ke graMtha haiN| saMkSepa meM ina vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAe~ nimna haiM___ (1) tattvArthasUtra gRddhapicchAcArya kI kRti hai, jo ki digambara paramparA meM hue haiN| (2) umAsvAti yaha nAma tattvArtha-bhASya ke kartA kA hai, jo zvetAmbara paramparA meM hue haiM aura tattvArtha ke kartA se paryApta paravartI hai| ___ (3) tattvArthasUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha hI vAstavika pATha hai aura zvetAmvaroM ne usI ke AdhAra para apanA pATha aura bhASya nirmita kiyA hai|

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[7] (4) prazamarati tattvArthasUtra ke karttA kI kRti nahIM hai, dUsare zabdoM meM ina donoM ke karttA bhinna-bhinna haiM / (5) tattvArtha bhASya svopajJa nahIM hai / (6) tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya meM aneka aise tathya haiM, jo zvetAmbara paramparA ke virodha meM jAte haiM / ata: unake karttA zvetAmbara nahIM ho sakate / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paraparA ke vidvAna tattvArthasUtra aura usake karttA ko apano paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna karate rahe haiM / donoM hI paramparAoM meM hue ina prayatnoM se isa dizA meM paryApta uhApoha to huA lekina apanI-apanI AgrahapUrNa dRSTiyoM ke kAraNa kisI ne bhI satya ko dekhane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA / isI krama meM paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI jaise kucha taTastha vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha kA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM se AMzika virodha tathA puNyaprakRti ke prasaMga meM usako yApanIya paramparA ke SaT-khaNDAgama se nikaTatA ko dekhakara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake karttA umAsvAti mUlataH yApatIya paramparA ke the / AdaraNIya nAthUrAmajI premI ke taTastha cintana se prabhAvita hokara prArambha meM paM0 sukhalAlajo evaM paM0 dalasukha bhAI ne bhI isa saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA thA ki tattvArthasUtra sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA kA ho, kintu bAda meM unhoMne 'tattvArtha sUtra aura jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka graMtha dekhane ke pazcAt apanA nirNaya badalA aura punaH yaha mAnA ki tattvArtha sUtra mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke mata kA samarthana karate hue 'yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya' nAmaka graMtha meM zrImatI kusuma paToriyA ne bhI tattvArthasUtra ko gaNanA yApanIya sAhitya meM ko hai / maiM jaba yApanIya sampradAya para apane grantha kA lekhana kara rahA thA taba saMyoga se mujhe donoM hI paramparAoM ke vidvAnoM ke vicAroM ko adhyayana karane kA avasara milA sAtha hI AdaraNIya paM0 nAthUrAma jI aura DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA ke dRSTikoNa kA bhI paricaya milA / mujhe yaha pratIta huA ki tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke sandarbha meM abhI taka jo cintana huA hai vaha kahIM na kahIM sAmpradAyika AgrahoM ke ghere meM khaDA hai / sabhI vidvAna kisI na kisI rUpa meM use sampradAya ke cazme se dekhane kA prayatna karate rahe ! sabhI vidvAna lagabhaga yaha mAnakara cala rahe the, ki 'zvetAmbara' 'digambara' aura 'yApanIya' sampradAya pahale astitva meM Aye aura tattvArtha sUtra inake

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[ 8 ] bAda nirmita huA hai| durbhAgya se kisI ne bhI sAmpradAyika vibheda aura mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva tattvArthasUtra ko rakhakara usakI paramparA ko dekhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| yahI kAraNa rahA ki usako kisI paramparA-vizeSa ke sAtha jor3ane meM vidvAnoM ne samyaka tarkoM ke sthAna para kutarkoM kA hI adhika sahArA liyA aura yaha prayatna kiyA gayA ki yena-kena prakAreNa use apanI paramparA kA siddha kiyA jaay| yadyapi paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI aura paM0 sukhalAlajI ne isa dizA meM thor3I taTasthatA kA paricaya diyA aura isa satyatA ko svIkAra kiyA ki tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha meM kucha aise tathya haiM, jo yaha batAte haiM ki usakA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM kI sthira mAnyatAoM se virodha hai| isI kAraNa sambhavataH paM0 nArAmajI premI ne isa ora jhukane kA prayatna kiyA ki yaha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| unake isa tarka meM kucha bala bhI hai kyoMki jahA~ tattvArthasUtra kI kucha mAnyatAe~ zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho paramparAoM ke virodha meM jAtI haiM, vahIM puNyaprakRti kI carcA ke prasaMga meM vaha yApanIyoM ke adhika nikaTa bhI hai| phira bhI jaba taka hama yaha sunizcita nahIM kara leM ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA aura yApanIya kI utpatti meM kauna pUrvavartI hai, taba taka hameM yaha kahane kA adhikAra nahIM mila jAtA. ki tattvArthasUtra yApanIya graMtha hai| prastuta kRti meM maiMne tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA ke prazna ko. lekara sabhI paramparAgata vidvAnoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samokSA kI hai aura yaha dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki yathArtha sthiti kyA hai| isase maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hU~ ki tattvArthasUtra usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba jainoM meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM Aye the| hA~ itanA avazya thA ki AcAryoM meM AcAra evaM darzana ke sambandha meM kucha-kucha mAnyatA bheda the-jaise ki Aja bhI eka hI sampradAya meM dekhe jAte haiM, vastutaH tattvArtha kI racanA uttara-bhArata ko usa nigrantha dhArA meM huI, jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| apane isa adhyayana meM maiM jina niSkarSoM para pahu~cA hU~ ve nimna haiM(1) tattvArtha kI racanA uttara-bhArata ke nirgantha saMgha meM zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya sampradAyoM ke astitva meM Ane se pUrva huI hai| (2) tattvArtha-sUtra kI racanA ke samaya na to sampradAya ho astitva meM Aye the aura na sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM kA sthirIkaraNa huA thA, kintu .

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[ 9 ] uttara bhArata ke nigranthasaMgha meM siddhAntoM aura AcAra ke praznoM para AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda ubharakara sAmane A gaye the| (3) usa kAla meM uttara bhArata meM yadyapi muniyoM meM vastra evaM pAtra grahaNa karane kI pravRtti vikasita ho gaI thI, kintu ApavAdika sthiti ko chor3akara muni prAyaH nagna hI rahate the| vastra, kambala Adi kA upayoga mAtra lajjA yA zItanivAraNa ke liye hI kiyA jAtA hai| (4) jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra ke mUla pATha kA prazna hai, maiM isa niSkarSa para pahuMcA hU~ ki bhASya-mAnya pATha hI mUla pATha hai| kintu merI yaha bhI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnyapATha bhI digambara AcAryoM dvArA saMzodhita nahIM hai| vaha pATha unheM yApanIya AcAryoM se prApta huA thA / ataH tattvArthasUtra ke pATha saMzodhana kA kArya yApanIya paramparA meM kiyA gyaa| (5) bhASya kI svopajJatA para kisI prakAra kA koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| (6) jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kA prazna hai ve, uttara bhArata ke nirgranthasaMgha ke koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiM unakA vAstavika nAma vAcaka umAsvAti hI hai, unakA gRddhapiccha vizeSaNa paravartI hai, vaha lagabhaga 9-10voM zatI meM astitva meM AyA hai| / unakA janma sthala satanA (ma0 pra0) ke nikaTa sthita vartamAna nAgauda nAmaka grAma hI hai aura ve jisa uccai gara zAkhA meM dIkSita hae vaha bhI satanA ke hI samIpa u~ceharA ( ucca-nagara ) nAmaka nagara se prArambha huI thii| (7) jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra ke racanAkAla kA prazna hai vaha vikrama ko tRtIya sadI ke uttarArddha se caturtha zatAbdo ke pUrvAddhaM ke bIca kabhI nirmita huA hai| - prastuta kRti ke praNayana meM paM0 sukhalAla jI, paM0 nAthUrAma jo premI, paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI, paM0 jugula kizora jI mukhtAra, paM0 kailAzacaMda jI, paM0 phUlacaMda jI siddhAntazAstrI, DA0 darabArolAla jI koThiyA, DA0 kusUma paTauriyA Adi vidvAnoM ke cintana evaM lekhana se maiM lAbhAnvita huA huuN| ataH ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karanA merA punIta kartavya hai| maiMne na kevala unake tattvArtha sambandhI lekhoM se lAbha uThAyA hai apitu unake vicAroM kI samIkSA karane ke lie Avazyaka hone para unakI kRtiyoM ke do-do, tIna-tIna pRSTha yathAvat uddhRta bhI kiye haiM, jinakA maiMne

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[10] yathAsthAna ullekha kiyA hai / vastutaH ina sabhI ke cintana kI bhUmikA para hI maiM isa dizA meM Age bar3ha sakA hU~ / prastuta graMtha ke lekhana meM maiMne sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se Upara uThakara yathAsaMbhava taTastha dRSTi se vicAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura apanI lekhanI ko saMyata rakhA hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM Agraha pUrNa tarkoM kI samokSA meM mujhe kaThora honA par3A hai| kiMtu usake pIche merI kahIM koI durbhAvanA nahIM hai aura na unakI avamAnanA karane kA bhAva hai, phira bhI mere isa lekhana se kahIM bhI kisI ke mana meM Thesa lagI ho to maiM unake prati kSamAprArthI hU~ / merA itanA Agraha avazya hai ki yadi hameM jaina paramparA ke itihAsa ko * samyak rUpa se samajhanA hai, to hameM apane-apane sampradAyoM ke cazme ko utAra kara eka ora rakhanA hogaa| isa lekhana ke prasaMga meM paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA evaM pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI ke mArgadarzana kA lAbha mujhe prApta * huA hai, paM0 dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA ne to isake prArambha ke lagabhaga 50 pRSThoM ko dhyAna pUrvaka sunA bhI hai / ataH ina donoM vidvAnoM ke prati maiM apanI hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ / isa kRti ke praNayana meM pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke mere sabhI sahakarmiyoM vizeSa rUpa se DA0 azokakumAra siMha, DA0 indrezacaMdra siMha, zrI asImakumAra mizra evaM pustakAlaya sahAyaka zrI omaprakAza kA sahayoga pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se milA hai, ataH inake prati bhI AbhAra prakaTa karatA hU~ / isI prakAra pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke saMcAlaka maNDala kA bhI AbhArI jinake kAraNa pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke nIrava vAtAvaraNa meM mujhe jJAnArjana evaM lekhana kA avasara sahaja hI upalabdha hai / merI yaha kRti mUlataH 'jaina dharma kA yApanIya sampradAya' nAmaka bRhat kRti kA hI eka aMza hai / kintu viSaya ke mahattva tathA kRti ke AkAra ko dekhate hue ise eka svataMtra graMtha ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / anta meM maiM yaha kahanA cAhU~gA ki tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke sambandha meM isa kRti meM maiMne jo bhI vicAra rakhe hai, unakI niSpakSa samIkSA mere liye sadaiva hI svAgata yogya rahego / pArzvanAtha janma divasa pauSa kRSNA dazamI, saM0 2050 dinAMka 6 janavarI 1994 pro0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha vArANasI

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viSayasUcI viSaya pRSTha kramAMka prastAvika tattvArthasUtra ke AdhArabhUta grantha kyA umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra kA AdhAra kundakunda ke natha haiM ? tattvArthasUtra ke mUlapATha kA prazna sUtroM kA vilopana evaM vRddhi sUtragata matabheda kyA tattvArthasUtra kA bhASya-mAnya pATha aprAmANika aura paravartI hai ? 19 kyA vAcaka umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai? kyA prazamarati prakaraNa aura tatvArthabhASya bhinna kRtaka haiM ? kyA tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya bhI bhinna kRtaka haiM ? sarvArthasiddhi kA pATha saMzodhana kyoM ? vicAra-vikAsa kI dRSTi se sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya kA pUrvAparatva tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA bhASya kI prAcInatA svopajJabhASya kI AvazyakatA tattvArthasUtra ke kucha sUtroM kA digambara mAnyatAoM se virodha kyA tattvArthasUtra aura usakA svopajJabhASya zvetAmbaroM ke viruddha hai ? 78 kyA tattvArthabhASya kA zvetAmbara paramparA se virodha hai ? / 110 kyA tattvArthasUtra yApanoya paramparA kA grantha hai ? 112 tattvArthasUtra kA racanA kAla 128 umAsvAti kA janma-sthala evaM kArya kSetra 135 umAsvAti ko uccai gara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala-U~ceharA (ma0pra0) 136 umAsvAti kA janma sthAna-nAgoda (ma0 pra0) 140" upasaMhAra 142

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA tattvArthasUtra jainadharma aura darzana kA saMskRta bhASA meM sUtra zailI meM nibaddha 'prAcInatama aura sambhavataH prathama grantha hai| jaba vibhinna darzanoM meM, apane 'siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana ke lie saMkSipta sUtra zailI ke grantha saMskRta bhASA meM likhe jAne lage, to usI krama meM jaina paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kI racanA huii| yaha grantha sAMkhyasUtra, yogasUtra, nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, brahmasUtra Adi kI zailI meM ho likhA gayA hai / aura unase prabhAvita tathA unakA samakAlIna yA kiJcit paravartI hai yaha grantha 10 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isakA prArambhika sUtra mokSa-mArga kA pratipAdana karatA hai| isake prathama adhyAya meM paMcajJAnoM, cAranikSepoM aura sapta nayoM kA vivecana hai, dvitIya adhyAya meM jIva kA tathA tRtIya aura caturtha adhyAyoM meM kramazaH naraka aura svarga kA vivecana hai| paMcama adhyAya meM SadravyoM kA aura vizeSa rUpa se pudgala kA vivecana hai| SaSThama evaM saptama adhyAyoM meM kramazaH Azrava evaM saMvara kI carcA hai, jisakA mukhya sambandha sadAcAra aura durAcAra se hai / aSTama adhyAya bandha kI carcA ke prasaMga meM jaina karma siddhAnta kA aura navama adhyAya nirjarA ke rUpa meM tapa, dhyAna Adi kA vivecana karatA hai| anta meM dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSa kI carcA hai| isakA racanAkAla lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isa prantha kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha hai ki ise jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAya mAnya -karate haiM, yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnya sUtra-pATha meM kvacit antara hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne ise apanIapanI paramparA meM racita siddha karane hetu aneka lekhAdi likhe haiN| maiMne una sabhI lekhoM ko, jinheM donoM paramparAoM ke paramparAgata vidvAnoM evaM kucha taTastha videzI vidvAnoM ne likhA, dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA aura una sabako dekhane ke pazcAt maiM isa nirNaya para pahu~cA hU~ ki tattvArthasUtra usa yuga kI racanA hai, jaba jaina paramparA meM aneka praznoM para saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika matabheda ubharakara sAmane Ane lage the aura jaina saMgha vibhinna gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA / kintu ina matabhedoM evaM gaNabhedoM ke hote hue bhI taba taka jaina saMgha zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita nahIM huA thaa| merI dRSTi meM tattvArtha

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2: tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA sUtra kI racanA uttara bhArata ko usa nirgrantha paramparA meM huI, jo usakI racanA ke pazcAt eka-do zatAbdiyoM meM hI sacela-acela aise do bhAgoM meM spaSTa rUpa se vibhakta ho gaI jo kramazaH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya ( boTika ) ke nAma se jAnI jAne lgii| jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai, unheM yaha grantha uttara bhArata kI acela paramparA, jise yApanIya kahA jAtA hai, se ho prApta huA / jahA~ taka isa grantha ke AdhArabhUta sAhitya kA prazna hai, isakA AdhAra na to SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhur3a Adi yApanIya grantha hai aura na hI kunda-kunda ke digambara paramparA ke grantha hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya valabhI vAcanA ke jo Agama vartamAna meM pracalita haiM ve bhI isakA AdhAra nahIM mAne jA sakate kyoMki yaha vAcanA umAsvAti ke pazcAt lagabhaga IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM huI hai| Arya skandila ko adhyakSatA meM huI mAthurI vAcanA ke Agama isakA AdhAra hai aisA bho nirvivAda rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki eka to yaha vAcanA bhI umAsvAti ke kiJcit pazcAt IsA kI cauthI zatImeM hI huI hai| dUsare isake Agama Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| saMbhAvanA yahI hai ki isa grantha kI racanA ke AdhAra ucce gara zAkhA meM pracalita phalgumitra ke kAla ke Agama grantha rahe ho| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki ye Agama vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM se bahuta bhinna nahIM the| phira bhI kvacit pATha bhedoM kA honA asambhava nahIM hai| Age hama inhIM praznoM para thor3I gaharAI se carcA kareMge aura yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA kI vAstavika paramparA kyA hai ? tattvArthasatra ke kartA-tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJa bhASya ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA nAma sAmAnya rUpa se sarvamAnya hai kintu paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI ne usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para guddhapicchAcArya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve isa bAta para bhI bala dete haiM ki digambara paramparA meM jo tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA ullekha milatA hai vaha paravartI hai| unake zabdoM meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthAdhigama kI racanA kI thI kintu yaha nAma tattvArthasUtra kA na hokara tattvArtha ke bhASya kA hai| paM0 phUlacanda jI ne isa sambandha meM tIna pramANa prastuta kiye hai| prathama pramANa yaha hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI ghavala 1. sarvArthasiddhi paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI-bhAratIya jJAnapITha-kAzI, prastAvanA pR0 64

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 3 TIkA meM vIrasena ( 9 vIM zatI utarArdha) ne jIvasthAna ke kAla anumoga dvAra meM tattvArthasUtrakAra ke nAma ke ullekhapUrvaka tattvArthasUtra kA eka sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai-"tahagiddhapichAiriyAppayAsida taccatthasuttevi vartanApariNAma kriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya" ( dhavalATIkA samanvita SaTkhaNDAgama saM0 hIrAlAla); dUsare vidyAnanda (9 vIM zatI uttarAdha) ne bhI tattvArthazlokavArtika meM "etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirastA ( tattvArthazlokavArtika, nirNayasAgarapresa pR0 6 ) ke rUpa meM tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ko gRddhapicchAcArya mAnA hai| tIsare vAdirAjasUri ne pArzvanAthacaritameM 'gRddhapicchaM nato'smi' kahakara gRddhapicchAcArya kA ullekha kiyA hai| inameM do pramANa navIM zatI ke uttarArdha evaM eka pramANa gyArahavIM zatI kA hai| jabaki tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM digambara paramparA meM umAsvAti ke nAma ke jo ullekha milate haiM ve saba vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI pUrva ke nahIM hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki 11 vIM zatAbdI taka jaina paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kartA gRdhrapiccha the aisI mAnyatA thii|" punaH paM0 phUlacandajI kI dRSTi meM tattvArthasUtra mUla ke racanAkAra gRdhrapiccha aura tattvArthabhASya ke racanAkAra umAsvAti haiN| ina donoM nAmoM ke ghAlamela se tattvArtha ke kartA gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti hai aisI dhAraNA bnii| kintu digambara paramparA ke hI zilAlekhoM meM gRdhrapiccha ko umAsvAti kA vizeSaNa mAnA gayA hai zilAlekha kra0 108 aura 155 se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai / ' gRdhrapiccha kabhI bhI kisI AcArya kA nAma nahIM ho sakatA hai vaha to vizeSaNa hI rhegaa| vastutaH tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hI hai aura gRdhrapiccha unakA vizeSaNa hai-isa bAta ko digambara 1. (a) abhUdumAsvAtimuniH pavitre vaze tadIye sakalArthavedI / sUtrIkRtaM yena jinapraNItaM zAstrArthajAtaM munipuMgavena // sa prANisaMrakSaNasAvadhAno babhAra yogI kila gRdhrapakSAn / tadA prabhRtyeva budhA yamAhurAcAryazabdottara gRdhrapiccham // (ba) zrImAnumAsvAtirayaM yatIzastattvArthasUtraM prakaTIcakAra / yanmuktimArgAcaraNodyatAnAM pAtheyamadhyaM bhavati prajAnAm / / tasyaiva ziSyo'jani gRdhra piccha dvitIya saMjJasya balAkapicchaH / yatsUktiralAni bhavanti loke muktyaMganAmohanamaNDanAni // -sarvArthasiddhiH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, prastAvanA pR0 63 /

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4 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA vidvAna paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra bhI svIkAra karate hai' isa sambandha meM digambara paramparA meM supracalita nimna zloka bhI uddhata karate haiMtatvArtha sUtrakartAraM gRdhrapicchopalakSitam / vande gaNIndrasaMjAtamumAsvAti munIzvaram || digambara paramparA ke hI dUsare taTasthavidvAna paM0 nAthurAmajI premI bhI tattvArthabhASya ko svopajJamAnakara usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti ko hI svIkAra karate hai / paM0 phUlacandajI kevala isI bhaya se ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ko svIkAra karane para kahIM bhASya ko svopajJa nahIM mAnanA par3e, usake kartA ke rUpa meM gRdhrapicchAcArya kA ullekha karate hai / kintu tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA gRdhrapiccha hai, yaha ullekha bhI to 9 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha ke haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki prAcIna kAla meM granthakartA mUlagrantha meM apane ko kartA ke rUpa meM ullekhita na karake jinavANI ke prati apanA vinaya pradarzita karate rahe hoM / kintu pUjyapAda devanandI aura bhaTTa akalaMka to tattvArtha ke TIkAkAra hai-unako kartA kA ullekha karane meM kyA Apatti thI ? punaH usa kAla taka grantha ke Adi meM pUrvaja AcAryoM kA smaraNa karane kI paramparA bhI pracalita ho gaI thI / phira digambara paramparA kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM unake nAma kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA? isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yahI hai ki ve unheM apanI paramparA kA nahIM mAnate the / yahI sthiti vimalasUri ke sambandha meM bhI raho, padmacarita aura paumacariu meM unake grantha 'paumacariyaM' kA anusaraNa karake bhI digambara evaM yApanIya AcAryoM ne unake nAma kA kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra siddhasena isake apavAda haiM / jahA~ digambara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kartA ke rUpa meM 9 vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se gRdhrapicchAcArya ke aura 13 vIM zatI se gRdhrapiccha umAsvAti aise ullekha milate haiM, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthabhASya ( 3 rI 4 thI zatI) tathA siddhasenagaNi ( 7 vIM zatI) aura haribhadra ( 8 vIM zatI ) kI prAcIna TIkAoM meM bhI usake kartA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai / mAtra yahI nahIM unake vAcakavaMza aura ucca nAgarI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha hai / jinheM zvetAmbara paramparA apanI mAnatI rahI hai / 1. dekheM - jainasAhitya ke aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra -- pR0 202 se 108 taka

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 5 umAsvAti kA gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA se AyA hogaa| yaha satya hai ki dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM uttara bhArata kI savastraparamparA meM bhI pakSiyoM ke paMkhoM se nirmita picchI kA pracalana thA, yaha tathya mathurA kI AcAryoM evaM muniyoM kI savastra pratimAoM se siddha hotA hai aura sambhava hai ki umAsvAti gadhra ke paMkho se nirmita picchI rakhate ho aura isa kAraNa unakA eka vizeSaNa gRdhrapiccha bana gayA ho| cUMki zvetAmbara paramparA meM unakA vAcaka vizeSaNa pracalita rahA, ataH unhoMne gRdhra. piccha vizeSaNa na apanAyA ho / yadi paM0 phUlacandajI, ullekhoM kI prAcInatA ke AdhAra para umAsvAti nAma asvIkAra kara gRdhrapiccha nAma apanAte hai, to phira unheM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki gRdhrapiccha nAma (vi0 9 vIM zatI utarArdha ) kI apekSA bhI umAsvAti nAma kA ullekha prAcIna hai, kyoMki yaha nAma bhASya se to milatA hI hai-bhASya ke kAla ko ve cAhe kitanA hI nIce lAye, use zlokavArtika aura dhavalA TIkA-jinameM gadhrapiccha nAma AyA hai, se to prAcIna mAnanA hogA kyoMki dhavalA meM tattvArthabhASya kA spaSTa ullekha hai| punaH jaba vidyAnandI apane grantha AptaparIkSA kI svopajJa vRti meM 'tattvArthasUtrakArarumAsvAtiprabhRtibhiH' ( zloka 119 ) kahakara umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA kartA mAna rahe hai-phira paM0 phUlacanda jI yaha kathana kisa AdhAra para karate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti nahIM kiMtu gRdhrapiccha hai ? punaH gRdhrapiccha aura umAsvAti abhinna hai yA bhinna bhinna vyakti hai, isa prazna paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apanI bhUmikA (1078)meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| hama usa saba carcA meM utaranA nahIM cAhate haiM-icchaka vyakti usa bhUmikA ko dekha le / jahA~ paM0 sukhalAla jI unheM bhinna-bhinna vyakti mAna rahe hai, vahA~ paM0 jagalakizora jI mukhtAra unheM abhinna mAna rahe hai| jahA~ unameM bhinnatA mAnakara paM0 sukhalAlajI yaha siddha karane ko prayatna kara rahe hai ki umAsvAti zvetAmbara hai aura gRdhrapiccha unakA vizeSaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki piccha dhAraNa ko paramparA zvetAmbara nahIM hai| vahI jugalakizorajo mukhtAra unheM abhinna siddhakara yaha batAnA cAhate haiM ki gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa se ve digambara siddha hote haiM, kyoMki mayUrapiccha, gadhrapiccha, balAkapiccha dhAraNa kI paramparA digambara hai| isa sambandha meM merA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai, mathurA kI sacela muni-pratimAoM se yaha siddha hotA ki prAcInakAla meM piccha dhAraNa kI paramparA sacelapakSa meM bhI rahI hai| ataH umAsvAti kA gRdhrapiccha vizeSaNa svIkAra kara lene para bhI unako zvetAmbara paramparA ko

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6 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA pUrvaja dhArA meM hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| isIliye umAsvAti aura gadhrapiccha bhinnatA aura abhinnatA ke isa vivAda ko maiM yahA~ nahIM uThA rahA huuN| paM0 sukhalAlajI kI bhI yaha bhrAnti ho hai ve yaha mAne baiThe ki gRdhrapiccha, balAkapiccha, mayurapiccha Adi vizeSaNoM kI sRSTi digambara paramparA meM huI hai| prAcIna sacela dhArA meM bhI picchoMkA grahaNa hotA thA / punaH vidyAnanda ke 'tattvArthasUtrakArairumAsvAtiprabhRtibhiH' aise bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga ko dekhakara usake artha ko apane-apane DhaMga se tor3anemaror3ane ke jo prayatna paM0 phUlacanda jI Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne kiye hai ve bhI ucita nahIM hai| usakA spaSTa artha itanA hI hai ki 'tattvArthasUtra Adi granthoM ke raciyatA umAsvAti Adi AcArya'-yahA~ bahavacanAtmaka prayoga se lekhaka anya granthoM aura anya AcAryoM kA saMgraha karatA hai| kintu isase tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hai-isa mAnyatA meM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| yaha eka nizcita satya hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti hai, phira ve cAhe hama unheM gRdhrapiccha kaheM yA uccanAgara zAkhA ke vAcaka vaMza ke kaheM, donoM eka hI vyakti ke sUcaka hai| yaha mAnanA ki gRdhrapiccha aura umAsvAti alaga-alaga vyakti hai-usI prakAra bhrAMta hai jisa prakAra yaha kahanA ki tattvArtha ke kartA to gadhrapiccha hai aura umAsvAti mAtra bhASyakAra hai| hamAre sAmpradAyika abhinivezoM ke AdhAra para itihAsa ko jhuThalAne ke ye prayatna nizcaya hI duHkhada haiN| tattvArthasatra ke AdhArabhUta graMtha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM yaha mAnate haiM ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA Agama granthoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, kintu prazna yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke lekhaka ke lie ve AdhArabhUta Agama grantha kauna se the? isa sandarbha meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| digambara paramparA ke vidvAn paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra', paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI', paM0 kailAzacandajI, DaoN0 nemicandajI evaM paM0 phUlacandajI ne 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza (paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra) pR0 125 / 2. anekAMta varSa 4 kiraNa 1-tattvArthasatra ke bIjoM kI khoja, paM0 paramAnanda shaastrii| 3. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, paM0 kailAzacandajI, caturtha adhyAya / 4. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 2, pR0 159-162 / 5. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntacArya prastAvanA pR0 13-15 /

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 7 isakI vistAra se carcA kI hai / digambara paramparA ke ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke anusAra umAsvAti vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa ke pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiM / kintu digambaroM ke matAnusAra usa kAla taka pUrva evaM aMgadhArI AcAryoM kI paramparA samApta ho gaI thI / umAsvAti ke sAmane aMga evaM pUrvagata Agamika sAhitya nahIM thA / ataH digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ko yaha kalpanA karanI par3I ki umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtra kA AdhAra kasAyapAhuDa, SaTakhaNDAgama, tiloyapaNNati evaM kundakunda ke graMtha samayasAra, niyamasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya Adi rahe haiM / kintu isake viparIta zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAn jo aMga aura aMga bAhya AgamoM kI upasthiti ko svIkAra karate haiM, tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra aMga aura aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya ko mAnate haiM / sthAnakavAsI AcArya AtmArAmajI ne 'tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha meM tattvArtha sUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya ko batAte hue tattvArthasUtra ke pratyeka sUtra kI racanA kA Agamika AdhAra kyA hai ? ise AgamoM ke uddharaNa dekara paripuSTa kiyA hai / Adhunika digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI - SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa aura vizeSa rUpa se kundakunda ke graMthoM ko tattvArtha sUtrakA AdhAra batAte hue unase uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM / yadyapi abhI taka kisI bhI digambara vidvAn ne tattvArtha sUtra - jainAgama samanvaya kI zailI meM tattvArthasUtra ke sabhI sUtroM kA digambara paramparA mAnya Agamatulya granthoM meM kahA~ aura kisa rUpa meM nirdeza hai-- isako spaSTa karane vAle kisI grantha kA praNayana nahIM kiyA hai| mAtra paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI jI ne 'tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja' nAmaka lekha meM, jo anekAnta varSa 4 kiraNa 1 meM prakAzita hai, isa tathya kA saMketa kiyA hai / digambara paramparA ke vidvAn yaha bhI ullekha karate haiM ki zvetAmbara Agama to pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda huI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM to Agama ke uddharaNa haiM hI nahIM, aba rahA tattvArthabhASya to usake sambandha meM ve yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki vaha to usake bhI bAda meM ho kisI samaya likhA gayA hogA / isa sambandha meM paM0 phUlacanda jI, paM0 sukhalAla jI ke kathana ko bhrAnta rUpa meM prastuta karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki " tattvArtha bhASyakAra tattvArtha kI racanA ke AdhArarUpa jisa aMga anaMga zruta kA avalambana kiyA thA, vaha pUrNatayA sthavira pakSa ko mAnya thA, ataH tattvArthabhASya zve0 mAnya AgamoM ke bAda arthAt pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kabhI 1. dekheM - tattvArtha satra jainAgama samanvaya, upAdhyAya AtmArAmajI / sAhitya kI racanA

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8 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA nirmita huA / durbhAgya yaha hai ki hamAre digambara vidvAn AgamoM kI antima vAcanA (sampAdana) aura unake pustakArUr3ha hone arthAt tAr3apatroM para likhe jAne ke kAla ko hI Agama kA racanA kAla mAna lete haiM / yadi usake pUrva Agama the hI nahIM, to valabho meM saMkalana aura sampAdana kisakA huA hogA ? kyA valabhI meM koI naye Agama grantha race gaye the ? yadi digambara paramparAke vidvAnoM ke anusAra tattvArtha ko racanA ke samaya Agama the hI nahIM to phira digambara paramparA meM upalabdha tattvArthasUtra kI utthAnikA meM umAsvAti ne aisA spaSTa ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA ki. vartamAna meM aGga aGga zrutarUpa AgamoM kA uccheda ho gayA hai aura isalie janasAdhAraNa ko jainatattvajJAna kA bodha karAne ke liye maiM isa grantha kI racanA meM pravRtta huA hU~ / yadi umAsvAti ne kundakunda ke granthoM ko hI apanA AdhAra banAyA to phira tattvArthasUtra evaM usakI digambara TIkAoM kI utthAnikAoM meM kahIM bhI kundakunda ko nAmollekha pUrvaka namaskAra kyoM nahIM kiyA ? kyoM tattvArthasUtra kI pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi aura akalaMka kI rAjavArtika Adi TIkAyeM usake kartA ke sambandha meM bhI koI nirdeza nahIM karatI ? jabaki tattvArthabhASya meM to spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki Agama ke gambhIra viSayoM kA saralatApUrvaka saMkSepa meM bodha karAne ke lie hI maiM isa grantha kI racanA meM pravRta huA hU~ ve tattvArthabhASya meM apane vaMzaparicaya ke sAtha-sAtha apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate haiN| jabaki tattvArthasUtra kI prAcIna 1. sarvArthasiddhi, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prastAvanA pR0 37 / 2. vAcakamukhyasya ziva zriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa / ziSyeNa ghoSanandi- kSamAzramaNasyaikAdazAGgavidaH // 1 // vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNa muNDapAdaziSyasya / ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prathitakIrteH // 2 // nyagrodhakAprasUtena viharatA puravare kusumanAmni / kaubhISaNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenArghyam ||3|| arhadvacanaM samyag gurukrameNAgataM samavadhArya / duHkhArtaM ca durAgama - vihatamatilokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccairnAgaravAcakena sattvAnukampayA dRbdham / tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM, spaSTamumAsvAtinA zAstram // 5 //

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI pamparA : 9 digambara TIkAyeM isa sambandha meM mauna sAdhe hue haiN| isa rahasya kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kyA umAsvAti ke tattvArthasatra kA AdhAra kundakunda ke grantha haiM___ DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne tattvArtha ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM mukhyatayA SaDkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhaDa evaM kundakunda ke granthoM kI carcA kI hai', anya digambara vidvAn bhI iso mata kI puSTi karate haiN| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama evaM kundakunda ke pazcAt haI / yaha satya hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM aneka samAnatAyeM parilakSita hotI haiM, kintu mAtra isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki umAsvAti ne hI inheM kundakunda se grahaNa kiyA hai / sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki kundakunda ne hI umAsvAti se inheM liyA ho| hameM to yaha dekhanA hogA ki unameM se kauna pUrva meM hue aura kauna pazcAt / jahA~ taka digambara paTTAvaliyoM kA prazna hai unameM se kucha meM umAsvAti ko kundakunda kA sAkSAt ziSya aura kucha meM paramparA ziSya batAyA gayA hai, kintu ye sabhI paTTAvaliyA~ paryApta paravartI lagabhaga 10vIM zatI ke bAda kI haiM ataH prAmANika nahIM mAnI jA sktii| svayaM paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI jaise niSpakSa digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI unheM prAmANika nahIM mAnA hai| markarAbhilekha jisako AdhAra banAkara vidvAnoM ne kundakunda ko 1-3 zatAbdI ke madhya rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA thA, aba apramANika (jAlI) siddha ho cukA hai| aba 9vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI bhI aisA abhilekha yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca tatroktam / so'vyAbAdhaM saukhyaM, prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 / / tattvArthabhASya pIThikA kArikA 26-31 / 1. dekheM-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, nemIcandra zAstrI (a0 bhA0 di0 jaina vidvatpariSad) bhAga 2 pR0 159-162 / 2. (a) jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza (paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra) pR0 125 / (ba) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 2 (paM0 kalAzacandajI) pR0 249 / 3. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI) pR0 530-531 / 4. Aspects of Jainology Vol. III Pt. Dalsukhbai Malvanta

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10 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA nahIM hai, jo kundakunda yA unakI anvaya kA ullekha karatA ho / lagabhaga 10vIM zatI taka kundakunda ke granthoM ke nirdeza yA una para TIkA kI anupasthiti bhI yahI sUcita karatI hai ki kundakunda chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM hue haiM, isa tathyako pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI ' aura muni kalyANavijaya jI ne aneka pramANoM se pratipAdita kiyA hai / jabaki umAsvAti kisI bhI sthiti meM tIsarI yA cauthI zatAbdI se paravartI siddha nahIM hote haiM / vastutaH kundakunda evaM umAsvAti ke kAla kA nirNaya karane ke lie { kundakunda evaM upAsvAti ke granthoM meM ullikhita siddhAntoM kA vikAsakrama dekhanA par3egA | yaha bAta sunizcita hai ki kundakunda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI' kA spaSTa nirdeza hai / guNasthAna kA yaha siddhAnta samayAMga ke 14 jIva-samAsoM ke ullekhoM ke atirikta zvetAmbaramAnya Agama sAhitya meM sarvathA anupasthita hai, yahA~ bhI ise zvetAmbara vidvAnoM prakSipta hI mAnA hai / tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM bhI ina donoM siddhAntoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai, jabaki tattvArthasUtra kI sabhI digambara Felicitiation Vol. I, P. V. Research Institute Varanasi English Section, M. A. Dhaky, The Date of Kundakunda - carya p. 190. Ibid p. 189-190. 2. zrI paTTAvalIparAga saMgraha, muni kalyANavijaya jI, pR0 100-107 / 3. ( a ) guNaThANa maggaNehi ya pajjattIpANajIvaThANehi / ThAvaNa paMcavihehiM paNayavvA arahapurisasa || terahame guNaThANe sajoi kevaliya hoi arahaMto / cautIsa aisayaguNA hoMti hu tassadvapaDihArA // -- bodhapAhuDa 31-32 (ba) jIva samAsAI muNI caudasaguNaThANAmAi // - bhAvaprAbhRta 97 ( sa ) Neva ya jIvaThANA Na guNaThANA ya atthi jIvassa / - samayasAra 55 (da) NAhaM maggaThANo NAhaM guNaThANa jIvaThANo Na / --niyamasAra 78 4. siya asthi gatthi uhayaM avvattantraM puNo ya tattidayaM / davvaMkhu sattabhaMgaM AdesavaseNa saMbhavadi // - paMcAstikAyasAra 14

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 11 TIkAoM meM ina siddhAntoM ke ullekha pracuratA se pAye jAte haiM / ' pUjyapAda devanandI yadyapi saptabhaMgI siddhAnta kI carcA nahIM karate parantu guNasthAna kI carcA to ve bhI kara rahe haiM / digambara paramparA meM AgamarUpa meM mAnya SaTkhaNDAgama to guNasthAna ko carcA para hI sthita haiN|2 umAsvAti ke tattvArtha meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI anupasthiti spaSTa rUpa se yaha 1. (a) jIvAzcaturdazasu guNasthAneSu vyavasthitAH mithyAdRSTiH, sAsAdana samyagdRSTi, samyagmithyAdRSTiH, asaMyata samyagdRSTiH, saMyatAsaMyata, pramattasaMyataH, apramattasaMyataH, apUrvakaraNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, anivRttibAdaraguNasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, sUkSmasAmparAyasthAne upazamakaH kSapakaH, upazAMtakaSAya vItarAgachadmasthaH kSINakaSAyavItarAgachadmasthaH, sayogI kevalI, ayogakevali ceti / / 1 / 8 [jJAtavya hai ki guNasthAna sambandhI yaha sampUrNa vivaraNa paM0 phUlacandrajI siddhAnta zAstrI dvArA sampAdita sarvArthasiddhi meM pR0 29 se pR0 92 taka lagabhaga 64 pRSThoM meM huA hai-isakA tAtparya hai ki pUjyapAda ke samakSa yaha siddhAnta pUrNa vikasita rUpa meM thA] (ba) (i) praznavazAdekasmin vastunyavirodhena vidhi pratiSedha kalpanA saptabhaMgI 1 / 6 / 5 tattvArthavArtika / [akalaMka ke tattvArthavAtika meM saptabhaMgI kA yaha vivaraNa pR0 33 se 35 taka tIna pRSThoM meM upalabdha haiM (jJAnapITha saMskaraNa)] (ii) akalaMka ne tattvArtha 118 meM to guNasthAna kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA mAtra mArgaNAsthAnakA nirdeza kiyaa| kintu adhyAya ke sUtra 3 evaM adhyAya 9 ke sUtra 7 evaM 26 meM gaNasthAna kA nirdeza kiyA hai| mithvAdRSTayAdi caturdazaguNasthAna bhedAt / 5 / 3 jIvasthAnaguNasthAnAnAM gatyAdiSu mAgaMNA lakSaNo dharmaH svAraNyAtaH / -9 / 7 / 10 isa prakAra akalaMka ke sammukha saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna upasthita the / 2. edesi ceva cohasaNhaM jIvasamAsANaM " / chakkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 5 (vistAra evaM sabhI nAmoM ke liye dekhe-chakkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 9-22) jJAtavya hai ki chakkhaNDAgama guNasthAnoM ke liye samavAMyAga ke jovaThANa ke samAna jIvasamAsa zabda kA prayoga karatA hai, guNasthAna kA nahIM / ataH donoM ke tatsambandhI vivaraNa meM paryApta samAnatA hai aura ye kundakunda ko apekSA pUrvavartI hai)

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12 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA sUcita karatI hai ki ye avadhAraNAe~ unake kAla taka astitva meM nahIM AyI thIM, anyathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra rUpa guNasthAna ke siddhAnta ko ve kaise chor3a sakate the ? cAhe vistAra rUpa meM carcA bhale ho nahIM karate parantu unakA ullekha avazya karate haiM / tattvArthasUtra' meM, samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata, anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka, upazamaka, upazAntamoha, kSapaka, kSINamoha aura jina, nirjarA ke pariNAmasvarUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa aura inameM guNasthAnoM ke kucha paribhASika nAmoM ko upasthiti yahI siddha karatI hai ki usa kAla taka guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA nirmita to nahIM huI thI, parantu apanA svarUpa avazya grahaNa kara rahI thii| tattvArthasUtra aura guNasthAna para zramaNa apraila-jUna 1992 meM prakAzita merA svatantra lekha dekhe / paM0 dalasukhabhAI ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa se sambandhita jo dasa nAma milate haiM, ve bauddhoM kI dasabhUmiyoM kI avadhAraNA para nirmita hue haiM aura inhoM se Age guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai| yadi umAsvAti ke samakSa guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA hotI to phira ve AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina dasa avasthAoM kI carcA na karake 14 guNasthAnoM kI carcA avazya krte| jJAtavya hai ki kaSAyapAhaDasutta meM bhI tattvArthasUtra ke samAna guNasthAna siddhAnta ke kucha paribhASika zabdoM kI upasthiti hote hae bhI suvyavasthita guNasthAna siddhAnta kA abhAva dekhA jAtA hai / jabaki kasAyapAhuDasutta ke cUNi-sUtroM meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai| kaSAyaprAbhUta ke kucha adhikAroM ke nAma tattvArthasUtra ke samAna hI 1. (a) samyagdRSTi zrAvaka viratAnantaviyojaka darzanamoha kSapakopazAmakakopa zAMtamohakSapaka kssiinnmohjinaaH|-tttvaarth 9 / 45 / / [isI avadhAraNA se guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa huA hai, isakA pramANa yaha hai ki pUjyapAda guNasthAna kI carcA meM guNasthAna ke apane nAma ke sAtha-sAtha upazAmaka kSapaka Adi upayukta nAmoM kA samanvaya karate haiM-dekhe sarvArthasiddhi 118] jJAtavya hai ki kasAyapAhuDasutta meM bhI guNasthAna sambandhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ke hote hue bhI sampUrNa siddhAnta kA kahIM nirdeza nahIM hai, ataH kasAyapAhuDasutta aura tattvArthasUtra kI samakAlikatA siddha hotI hai aura donoM spaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kI racanAyeM haiM /

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 13 - samyaktva, dezavirati, saMyata, upazAmaka, kSapaka gAthA (14) / phira bhI kasAyapAhuDa kA vivaraNa tattvArtha kI apekSA kucha adhika vyavasthita evaM vistRta lagatA hai / aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra, kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM gaNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA kramika vikAsa huA hai / jaisA ki hamane nirdeza kiyA hai zvetAmbaramAnya samavAyAMga meM 14 jIvaThANa ke rUpa meM 14 guNasthAnoM kA nirdeza hai, kintu aneka AdhAroM para yaha siddha hotA hai ki samavAyAMga meM prathama zato se pA~cavIM zatI ke bIca aneka prakSepa hote rahe haiM / ataH valabhI vAcanA ke samaya hI jova samAsa kA yaha viSaya usameM saMkalita kiyA gayA hogA / anya prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara AgamoM jaise - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavekAlika, bhagavato aura yahA~ taka ki prathama zatAbdI meM racita prajJApanA aura jIvAbhigama meM bhI guNasthAna kA abhAva hai / ina AgamoM meM aise kaI prasaMga the, jahA~ guNasthAna ko carcA kI jA sakatI thI, kintu usakA kahIM bhI ullekha yA nAma nirdeza taka na honA yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke kAla taka ye avadhAraNAe~ astitva meM nahIM AyI thiiN| cUMki kundakunda ', SaTkhaNDAgama', bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra Adi sabhI ina avadhAraNAoM kI carcA karate haiM, ataH ve tattvArthaM se pUrvavartI nahIM ho sakate / yadi yaha kahA jAye ki umAsvAti ke samakSa ye avadhAraNAe~ upasthita to thIM, kintu unhoMne anAvazyaka samajhakara unakA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hogA, to phira prazna yaha uThatA hai ki tattvArtha bhASya ke atirikta tattvArthasUtra ke sabhI zvetAmbara aura digambara TokAkAra isa siddhAnta kI carcA kyoM karate haiM ? yahA~ taka ki tattvArthasUtra ke prathama digambara TIkAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI sarvArthasiddhi meM tattvArtha ke prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra kI carcA meM na kevala inakA nAma nirdeza karate haiM / apitu isakI ati vistRta vyAkhyA bhI karate haiM / yadi hama pUjyapAda devanandI kA kAla pA~cavIM kA uttarArdha aura chaThIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnate 1. dekhe - bodhapAhuDa 31, 32, bhAvapAhuDa 97, samayasAra 55, niyamasAra 78 2. dekhe - SaTkhaNDAgama 1 / 1 / 5 tathA 1 / 1 / 9-22 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1086-88 4. mUlAcAra, 12 (paryApti-adhikAra)/ 154-155

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14 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA haiM, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki isI kAla meM yaha avadhAraNA nirdhArita hokara apane svarUpa meM A gaI thii| yahI kAla zvetAmbara AgamoM kI antima vAcanA kA kAla hai / sambhava yahI hai ki isI samaya use samavAyAMga meM DAlA gayA hogaa| ataH yaha sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra na to kundakunda ke grantha haiM aura na SaTkhaNDAgama ho, kyoMki ye sabhI tatvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiN| yadyapi kasAyapAhuDa ko kisI sImA taka tattvArthasUtra kA samasAmayika mAnA jA sakatA hai| phira bhI guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se yaha tattvArtha se kiJcita paravartI siddha hotA hai| yadyapi isase hamAre kahane kA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki valabhI vAcanA ke vartamAna meM zvetAmbaroM dvArA mAnya Agama unake tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki yaha vAcanA to umAsvAti ke bAda kI hai / vastutaH skaMdila kI mAthurI vAcanA (vIra nirvANa 827-840) ke bhI pUrva phalgumitra ke samaya jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve hI tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke mukhya AdhAra rahe haiN| merI dRSTi meM umAsvAti skaMdila se pUrvavartI hai ataH unakA AdhAra phalgumitra ke yuga ke Agama grantha hI the| yadyapi vartamAna meM zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya AgamoM se inameM bahuta adhika antara nahIM rahA hogA, phira bhI kucha pATha bheda aura mAnyatA bheda to avazya hI rahe hoNge| dUsare vartamAna meM upalabdha zvetAmbara Agama koTikagaNa kI vaz2IzAkhA ke haiM jabaki umAsvAti koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiM, ina donoM zAkhAoM meM aura unake mAnya AgamoM meM kucha mAnyatAbheda aura kucha pAThabheda avazya hI rahA hogA, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai / sambhavataH usI uccanAgarI zAkhA meM mAnya AgamoM ko hI umAsvAti ne apane grantha kI racanA kA AdhAra banAyA hogA, jisake pariNAma svarUpa cAra-pA~ca sthAnoM para tattvArthasUtra aura usakI bhASyagata mAnyatAoM meM vartamAna zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se matabheda A gayA hai, jisakI carcA hamane Age kI hai| phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra ve hI Agama grantha rahe haiM, jo kvacit pAThabhedoM ke sAtha zvetAmbaroM meM Aja bhI pracalita haiM aura yApanIyoM meM bhI pracalita the| isase isa bhrAnti kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kI racanA kA AdhAra SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grantha hai, kyoMki ye grantha tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA paryApta paravartI hai aura guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi paravartI yuga meM vikasita avadhAraNAoM ke ullekhoM se yukta hai|

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 15 tattvArtha sUtra ke mUlapATha kA prazna tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane ke lie tattvArthasUtra ke pracalita pAThoM meM kauna-sA pATha maulika hai, isakA nirNaya karanA bhI Avazyaka hai / vartamAna meM tattvArthasUtra ke do pATha pracalita haiM - (1) bhASyamAnya pATha, jise sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai aura (2) sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha, jise digambara paramparA meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / ina donoM pAThoM meM se kauna-sA pATha prAcIna evaM maulika hai, yaha nirNaya isalie bhI Avazyaka hai ki usake AdhAra para hI tattvArthasUtra kI maulika paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / pracalita donoM pAThoM meM tattvArthasUtra kA mUla prAcIna pATha kauna-sA hai ? isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu jApAnI vidvAn sujikA ohiro ne paryApta parizrama kiyA hai / " kisI paramparA vizeSa se Abaddha na hone ke kAraNa unakA nirNaya taTastha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai samAdhAna hetu tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai / DaoN0 sujikA ohiro ne isa samasyA ke (1) bhASAgata parivartana, (1) sUtroM kA vilopana aura (3) sUtragata matabheda / isa sambandha meM unake vistRta nibandha kA hindI anuvAda paM0 sukhalAla jI dvArA vivecita tathA pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna dvArA prakAzita tattvArthasUtra meM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ hama usI ko AdhAra banAkara saMkSepa meM carcA kareMge bhASAgata parivartanoM ke sandarbha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki zvetAmbara mAnya pATha AgamanusAra hai, jabaki digambara mAnya pATha meM vyAkaraNa ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai | vyAkaraNa aura padavinyAsa kI dRSTi se pUjyapAda ne tattvArthasUtra ke sUtroM ko nimna dRSTi se parimArjita kiyA hai (a) eka taraha ke bhAvoM kA saMyuktikaraNa karane ke lie do sUtroM kA eka sUtra meM samAveza / (ba) zabdakrama kI samyak samAyojanA | ( sa ) anAvazyaka zabdoM ko nikAlanA aura spaSTa bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie kama se kama zabdoM ko jor3anA / 1. dekheM -- tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAla jI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 84-107

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16 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA (da) 'iti' zabda dvArA sUtroM ko varga meM baaNttnaa|| sujiko ohiro ke anusAra yadyapi aisA karane meM takanIkI dRSTi se bahuta-sI galatiyA~ huI haiM, jisase sUtroM kA ThIka-ThIka artha samajhane meM kaThinAI hotI hai| isakA eka kAraNa to yaha hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM jainAcAryoM ke samakSa uttara bhArata kI Agamika paramparA kA abhAva thA aura dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki sUtrakAra kI usa vAstavika sthiti ko na samajha pAnA, jisameM jaina siddhAnta ko tathA anya dArzanika matoM ko barAbara dhyAna meM rakhakara isa grantha kI racanA kI gaI thii| yadyapi ve mAnatI haiM ki mAtra bhASAgata adhyayana se kisI aise niSkarSa para to nahIM paha~ca jA sakatA, jisase kahA jA sake ki amuka paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra mUlarUpa meM hai aura amuka paramparA meM dUsare se liyA gayA hai| phira bhI "upayukta AdhAra para itanA nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha Agamika sandarbha kI dRSTi se digambara pATha se adhika saMgata hai|" sujikA ohiro ke sAtha-sAtha kucha zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI bhI mAnyatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se adhika pariSkArita hai| pUjyapAda vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn the ataH unhoMne hI bhASyamAnya pATha ko vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se pariSkArita kiyA hai aura isa AdhAra para sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha bhASyamAnya pATha kI apekSA paravartI siddha hotA hai| mujhe unake isa tarka se to koI Apatti nahIM hai, kintu aneka kAraNoM se aisA lagatA hai ki yaha pATha saMzodhana kA kArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne nahIM kiyA hai, apitu indranandI yA anya kisI yApanIya paramparA ke vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn ne kiyA hogaa| sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha pUjyapAda devanandI dvArA saMzodhita nahIM hai, isa hetu maiMne Age alaga se tarka diye haiM, pAThaka unheM vahA~ dekha le| sUtroM kA vilopana evaM vRddhi DaoN0 sujiko ohiro ne sUtroM ke vilopana ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha ko digambara pATha meM sArarUpa se samAhita kiyA gayA hai| ohiro ke anusAra sUtroM ke vilopana evaM vRddhi ke vizleSaNa se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki digambara sUtroM (3/12-32) kI racanA bhASya aura jambUdvIpasamAsa ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / tArkika dRSTi se digambara vidvAn yaha bho 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra, paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 92

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 17 kaha sakate haiM ki bhASya tathA jambUdvIpa samAsa kI racanA digambara mAnya pATha ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / yadyapi sujiko ohiro kA kahanA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha ke 1-3 vargoM ke sUtroM ke vilopana ke AdhAra para aba taka jo vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai usase yahI pramANita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara pATha mUla rUpa meM haiN| sUtra zailI meM yathAkrama zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| 'sat dravya lakSaNam' nAmaka sUtra prastuta sandarbha meM upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA, varan bAda meM jor3A gayA pratIta hotA hai, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki sUtra 5/22 tattvArthasUtra ke prAcIna mUlapATha kA nahIM hai| sujiko ohiro ke zabdoM meM jahA~ taka donoM AvRttiyoM meM sUtroM ke vilopana kA prazna hai digambara paramparA meM mAnya pATha zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya pATha se adhika saMzodhita pratIta hotA hai|' sUtragata matabheda DaoN0 sujako ohiro ne tathA anya zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM ne bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya pAThoM ke una sUtragata matabhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai jo yA to Agamika zvetAmbara paramparA se yA digambara mAnyatAoM se saMgati nahIM rakhate haiN| DaoN0 sujikoohiro ne sUtragata aise ATha matabhedoM kA saMketa kiyA hai 1. naya ke prakAra 2. trasa evaM sthAvara kA vibhAjana 3. antarAla gati meM jIva tIna samaya taka anAhAraka rahatA hai| 4. Aharaka zarIra caturdaza pUrvadhara ko hotA hai| ___AhAraka zarIra pramattasaMyata ko hotA hai / 5. jyotiSa devoM meM tejolezyA hotI hai, bhavanapati va vyantaroM meM kRSNa se tejas taka cAra lezyAe~ hotI hai, isa prakAra bhavanapati, vyantara evaM jyotiSka ina tIna devanikAyoM meM cAra lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / 6. bAraha kalya devaloka hai / digambara paramparA mAnya pATha (3/4) meM bAraha kalpa mAne gaye haiM, kintu 4/19 meM solaha kalpa ginAye haiN| tiloyapaNNatti (8/114) meM 12 kalpoM kI gaNanA hai| 7. kaI AcArya kAla ko bhI dravya kahate haiM yA kAla bhI dravya hai| 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 97

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18 : tattarthasUtra aura usakI paramparA 8. samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda puNya prakRti hai| kintu donoM paramparAoM meM inheM puNya prakRti nahIM kahA gayA hai| sujiko ohiro ke anusAra uparyukta ATha matabhedoM meM dUsare, tIsare aura AThaveM matabheda kI puSTi zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM Agamika paddhati ke dvArA hotI hai / pahalA, cauthA aura sAtavAM vAstava meM matabheda nahIM hai / pA~cavA aura chaThA vizeSa mahattva ke nahIM haiN|' __inake atirikta anya do matabheda-jo pudgala bandha ke niyama tathA pariSahoM ke sambandha meM haiM, ohiro kI dRSTi meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi ye matabheda mUlasUtroM ko lekara utane nahIM hai, apitu unakI vyAkhyAoM ke sambandha meM hai| bandha ke niyama ke sandarbha meM DaoN0 sUjiko ohiro kA kahanA hai ki ye sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA sammata artha ke sAtha adhika saMgata haiN| digambara paramparA sammata artha se inakA tAlamela nahIM baiThatA hai| yadyapi digambara paramparA meM isa pATha ko SaTkhaNDAgama ke anurUpa banAne kA prayatna avazya kiyA gyaa| ve likhatI haiM ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha meM satra maulika nahIM haiM, sUtra 5/35 binA kisI vizeSa vicAra ke anya sUtroM ke sAtha apanA liyA gayA mAlUma hotA hai| isase zvetAmbara pATha kI maulikatA siddha hotI hai| isI sandarbha meM pariSahoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ve likhatI haiM ki "digambara AcAryoM ne 'ekAdaza jine' sUtra (9/11) ko binA kisI parivartana ke svIkAra kara liyA parantu apane rUr3higata vizvAsa ke anusAra TIkAoM meM artha sambandhI saMzodhana kara DAlA / unhoMne yaha saMzodhana upacAra kI paddhati se kiyA tAki isa sUtra kA mUla artha bigar3a na jAe, kintu isameM ve asaphala rahe haiN|"4 isase yaha nizcita rUpa se pramANita hotA hai ki sUtra 9/11 (11) mUlarUpa meM digambara paramparA kA nahIM hai / anta meM ve likhatI haiM ki "yaha 1. tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla jI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 98-100 2. vahI pR0 100-101 / 3. tattvArthasUtra-vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI (pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna ) bhUmikA bhAga pR0 103 / 4. vahI, pR0 106 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 19 pramANita ho jAtA hai ki zvetAmbaramAnya pATha mUla hai aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya pATha usase vyutpanna huA hai|"1 ina sUtragata matabhedoM ke sandarbha meM Age hamane alaga se bhI carcA kI hai aura yaha pAyA hai ki bhASyamAna zvetAmbara pATha hI mUla hai aura vaha AgamoM ke anukUla bhI hai| yadyapi vartamAna Agamika mAnyatAoM se kucha sthaloM para jo kvacita matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai, vaha isalie hai ki eka to AgamoM meM aneka mAnyatAyeM saMkalita haiM aura dUsare umAsvAti ke samakSa valabhI vAcanA ke Agama na hokara phalgumitra ke kAla ke uccanAgarI zAkhA ke Agama rahe hoNge| kyA tattvArthasUtra kA bhASya-mAnya pATha aprAmANika aura paravartI hai___ yaha satya hai ki siddhasena gaNi aura haribhadra sUri aura anya zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne tattvArthabhASya-mAnya pATha ke AdhAra para apanI TIkAe~ likhI aura tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI rakSA karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu unhoMne unake sUtra meM jo pATha bheda aura arthabheda ho gaye the, unakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArtha ke kucha pAThabheda prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita rahe haiM, phira bhI unakI saMkhyA bahuta adhika nahIM hai| kintu isa AdhAra para digambara paramparA ke vidvAn yaha tarka upasthita karate haiM ki jaba tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya eka hI vyakti kI kRti thI aura zvetAmbara AcArya isa tathya ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhate the, taba sUtrapATha ke viSaya meM itanA pAThabheda kyoM huA? khAsakara usa avasthA meM jabaki tattvArthabhASya usa svIkRta pATha ko sunizcita kara detA hai| sUtrapATha meM mAtra tona pAThAntaroM ke AdhAra para hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha kalpanA kara lete haiM ki sUtrapATha aura bhASya mAnya pATha ke bIca paryApta antara hai| paM0 phalacanda jI likhate haiM ki "hama to isa samasta matabhedoM ko dekhate hue isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki tattvArthabhASya-mAnya sUtrapATha svIkRta hone ke pahale zvetAmbara paramparA-mAnya sUtrapATha nizcita karane ke lie choTe-bar3e aneka prayatna hue haiM, aura ve prayatna pIche taka bhI svIkRta hote rahe haiN|"2 yahI nahIM isa AdhAra para hamAre digambara vidvAn yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla lete haiM ki tattvArthabhASya svopajJa nahIM hai aura donoM ke 1. vahI, pR0 107 / 2. sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 paM0 phUlacaMda jI, prastAvanA pR0 23 /

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20 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ke bIca samaya kA eka lambA aMtarAla hai / isa sandarbha meM maiM yaha batAnA Avazyaka samajhatA hU~ ki vaha yuga lekhana kA yuga nahIM thaa| tattvArthabhASya ke kAla taka jaina paramparA meM pustaka lekhana kI pravRtti vikasita nahIM huI thii| muni ke lie grantha lekhana aura likhita granthoM kA saMgraha karanA prAyazcitta yogya aparAdha mAne jAte the| kyoMki tAr3apatroM para grantha likhane aura unakA saMgraha karane donoM meM jIva hiMsA aparihArya thii| jabaki sarvArthasiddhi jisa kAla meM likhI gaI usa kAla meM lekhana kI paramparA prArambha ho cukI thii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama vo0ni0 saM0 980 arthAt vikrama saM0 510 yA I0 san 453 meM yaha sunizcita kiyA gayA ki yadi Agama sAhitya kI rakSA karanA hai to unheM tAr3apatroM para likhavAnA aura saMgrahita karanA hogA / isa prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM grantha lekhana kI pravRtti tattvArthabhASya kI racanA ke lagabhaga do sau varSa bAda prArambha huI / jo grantha mukhAgra paramparA se 200 varSoM taka calA ho usameM pATha bheda ho jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sabhI muni tattvArthasUtra ko usake bhASya ke sAtha hI kaMThastha to nahIM nahIM karate the, kucha mAtra sUtra ko kaMThastha karate rahe hoMge / ataH sUtragata pATha aura bhASyagata pATha meM kvacit antara A gayA ho| 200 varSa taka kI maukhika paramparA meM sUtra aura bhASya ke pAThoM meM kucha antara A jAnA asvAbhAvika bhI nahIM hai| punaH hamAre digambara vidvAn jitane adhika jora-zora se isa pAThabheda kI carcA ko uchAlate hai, vaisA bhI kucha nahIM hai, eka hI sUtra meM do sarva pada hone para eka kA chUTa jAnA, asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| isI prakAra "nityA'vasthitAnyAH rUpAni' ko eka sUtra yA do sUtra ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA koI bahata bar3A antara nahIM hai / ina do-tIna choTI-choTI bAtoM ko uchAlakara yena kena prakAreNa bhASya ko sarvArthasiddhi aura akalaMka ke rAjavArtika se pIche le jAne kA prayatna hai tAki yaha kahA jA sake ki digambara paramparA ke vidvAn pUjyapAda aura akalaMka ne bhASya se kucha nahIM liyA hai, balki bhASyakAra ne ho unase liyA hai| digambara paramparA ke niSpakSa vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne paM0 sukhalAlajI ke samAna hI aneka tarka dekara bhASya kA svopajJa aura tattvArthasUtra kI prAcInatama TIkA mAna rahe haiM / ' dUsare loga use svopajJa mAnane 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI) pu0 524-529 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 21 se kevala isIlie katarA rahe haiM ki usameM kucha aisA bhI hai jo unakI apanI paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai / bhASya meM mAtra do-tIna sthaloM para vastra, pAtra sambandhI kucha bAteM haiM (dekheM - bhASya 9/5, 9/7, 9/26), jo unakI dRSTi meM digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtI hai aura kevala isIlie ve use asvIkAra kara dete haiN| jabaki sUtra aura bhASya meM kucha aise bhI tathya haiM jo vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke bhI virodha meM jAte haiM / jisa prakAra zvetAmbara TIkAkAra bhASyakAra ko apanI paramparA kA mAnate hue bhI usake matoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra digambara vidvAn bhI aisA kara sakate the, kintu unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA / yadi hama niSpakSa hRdaya se vicAra kareM to hameM yaha pratIta hotA hai ki paravartI digambara paramparA meM jaisI kaTTaravAditA rahI hai, vaisI zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM rahI hai / yadi bhASyagata aura sUtragata pATha meM do-tIna sthaloM para jo thor3A sA antara hai, vaha bhASya kI svopajJatA kA virodhI mAnA jA sakatA hai to hama pUchanA cAheMge ki sarvArthasiddhi ke do prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM mAtra prathama adhyAya meM itane adhika pAThabheda kyoM aura kaise ho gaye haiM ? svayaM paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI ne apane dvArA sampAdita - sarvArthasiddhi meM mAtra apanI paramparA se saMgati biThAne ke liye kyoM aneka pATha binA kisI Thosa AdhAra para badala diye haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM vistRta carcA Age kI hai aura unake hI kathana ko pAThakoM ke vicArArtha prastuta kiyA hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke mUlapATha aura usakI TIkA meM ullekhita mUla pATha se antara kyoM hai ? prAcIna stara ke granthoM kA sAmpradAyikatA ke / cazmeM se mUlyAMkana karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya na to zvetAmbara hai aura na digambara hI, usakI sthiti mathurA ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke aMkana ke samAna hai, jinheM zvetAmbara yA digambara nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai athavA phira donoM hI kahA jA sakatA hai / ve zvetAmbara mAne jA sakate haiM kyoMki unake pAsa vastra aura pAtra haiM, sAtha hI unake gaNa, zAkhA, kula Adi zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalI ke anusAra haiM / ve digambara bhI kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki ve nagna jina - pratimA kI upAsanA kara rahe haiM aura svayaM bhI nagna haiM / ve yApanIya bhI kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki acelatA ko mAnya karake bhI apavAda rUpa meM vastra aura pAtra grahaNa kara rahe haiM (dekheM - pariziSTa ke citra ) / tattvArthasUtra 'ko zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya ke cazmeM dekhanA hI mUrkhatA hai, kyoMki vaha to inake vibhAjana ke pUrva kA hai /

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22 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA kyA tattvArtha kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha svayaM devanandI ke dvArA saMzodhita hai ? yA bhASyamAna pAu svayaM umAsvAti kA na hokara kisI anya zvetAmbara AcArya dvArA saMzodhita hai ? sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ke dvArA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI ne tattvArtha ke pATha ko apanI paramparA ke anusAra saMzodhita karake usa para sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka TIkA likhii| isake dUsaro ora digambara vidvAn yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki tattvArthabhASya ke kartA ne tattvArtha ke pATha ko apanI paramparAnusAra DhAla karake usa para bhASya likhA / hamArI dRSTi meM ye donoM hI kathana sahI nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi hama yaha mAne ki pUjyapAda devanandI digambara paramparA ke AcArya the aura unhoMne digambara paramparAnusAra tattvArtha ke pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA thA to yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki phira unhoMne mUlapATha meM ve saba bAteM, jaise 'ekAdaza jine" athavA 'dvAdazavikalpAH'2, jo ki unakI paramparA ke viparIta thI, kyoM rahane dI ? jaba koI vyakti apanI paramparA ke anusAra kisI grantha ko saMzodhita karatA hai to aisA nahIM hotA hai ki usameM kucha mAnyatAoM ko saMzodhita kare aura kucha ko vaisA hI rahane de| yadi 'ekAdazajine' pATha, jo spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai aura jisake lie svayaM pUjyapAda 'ekAdazajine na santi vAkyazeSakalpanIyaH' kahakara 'na santi' kA adhyAhAra karate haiM to prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaba unhoMne itane sAre pATha badale to kyoM nahIM yahA~ 'na' zabda yA 'na santi' zabda mUla pATha meM rakha diyaa| jaba itane sAre sUtroM meM parivartana kara diyA thA to 'na' ko mUla pATha meM jor3a dene meM unheM kyA Apatti ho sakatI thI ? isa samasyA para gaMbhIratApUrvaka vicAra karane para yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki yA to pUjyapAda ne pATha ko saMzodhita hI nahIM kiyA hai aura unheM yaha jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA usI para TokA likhI, yA phira hama yaha mAne ki pUjyapAda devanando yApanIya paramparA ke the, unheM yaha sUtrapATha mAnya thA aura bAda meM kisI digambara AcArya ne isa sUtra kI unakI TIkA ko apanI paramparA ke anurUpa banAne ke lie badalA hai| isa prakAra do hI vikalpa hamAre sAmane ho sakate haiM, prathama to yaha ki sUtrapATha pUjyapAda devanandI ke dvArA parivartita nahIM kiyA 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9 / 11 (zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM pAThoM meM yahI krama hai / 2. vahI, 4 // 3

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tattvArthasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 23 gayA hai aura yadi devanandI ne sUtrapATha meM parivartana kiyA hai to ve phira yApanIya the aura unheM jina bhagavAn meM ekAdaza pariSaha mAnya the aura yahA~ unakI isa sUtra kI TIkA ko kisI digambara AcArya ne badalA hai| ina sabameM bhI ucita vikalpa yaha mAnanA hai ki pUjyapAda ne koI pATha nahIM badalA hai / yApanIyoM se jaisA milA usapara TIkA likho| ____ isa sandarbha meM itanA to nizcita hai ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI pATha ke sAtha svataH koI cher3a-chAr3a nahIM kI hai, unheM mUlapATha aura pAThAntara jisa rUpa meM upalabdha hae haiM, unheM rakhA hai| kyoMki yadi unheM bhI apanI paramparA ke anusAra sUtrapATha badalanA hotA, to ve apanI paramparA se bhinna jo mAnyatAeM thIM unheM badala ddaalte| mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparA ke AcAryoM para tattvArtha ke malapAThoM ko saMzodhita yA parivardhita karane kA jo Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai, vaha mithyA haiN| kyoMki ina TokAkAra samartha AcAryoM ne yadi pATha meM parivartana kiyA hotA to yaha kabhI bhI sambhava nahIM thA ki ve usameM koI bhI pATha apanI paramparA se bhinna rahane dete| ataH donoM paramparA ke vidvAnoM ko eka dUsare para isa taraha ke AkSepa nahIM lagAne caahie| vAstavikatA isase kucha bhinna hai, merI samajha ke anusAra tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne uccanAgarI zAkhA kI usa yuga kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI racanA ko aura yaha bhASyamAnya mUla pATha aura bhASya bAda meM vikasita hone vAlI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM ko upalabdha huA / yApanIya AcAryoM ne apanI mAnyatAoM ke sthirokaraNa ke pazcAt mUlapATha ko saMzodhita kiyA aura usa para TIkA likhii| kyoMki digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM paramparA ke vidvAn isa tathya ko svIkAra kara rahe haiM ki sarvArthasiddhi aura siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA likhe jAne ke pUrva tattvArtha kI kucha anya TIkAe~ astitva meM thIM aura saMbhavataH ve yApanIya paramparA kI thiiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM jo tattvArtha kI TIkA upalabdha thI usameM bhASya ko bhI samAhita kara liyA hogaa| yaha kahane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki yApanIya paramparA ne uttarAdhikAra meM upalabdha granthoM evaM AgamoM meM apanI paramparA ke anurUpa bhASika aura saiddhAntika parivartana kiye the| ata: tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM bhI saMzodhana unhIM ke dvArA kiyA hogaa| yApanIya paramparA se ho pUjyapAda devanandI ko tattvArtha upalabdha huA aura unhoMne 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthurAma premI; pR0 544-545 /

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24 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA usa para apanI paramparA ke anurUpa sarvArthasiddhi TIkA likhii| isakI puSTi SaTkhaNDAgama jaise yApanIya granthoM kI dhavalA TIkA se bhI hotI hai, jisake malapATha ko yathAvat rakhate hue bhI digambara AcAryoM ne apanI mAnyatA ke anurUpa usa para TIkA likhI hai / isI prakAra siddhasena gaNi ne tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya jaisA aura jisa rUpa meM unheM prApta huA thA, use mAnya rakhate hue apanI TIkA likhI aura jahA~-jahA~ unheM Agama aura apanI mAnyatAoM se antara parilakSita huA usakA nirdeza kara diyA / ataH tattvArtha kA bhASyamAnya pATha usake mUlakartA kA hai aura sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha yApanIyoM dvArA saMzodhita / isa pATha ko yApanIyoM dvArA saMzodhita kiye jAne kA pramANa yaha hai ki isameM pudgala ke baMdhako prakriyA ko yApanIya grantha SaTkhaMDAgama-Agama ke anurUpa banAyA gayA hai| digambara AcAryoM ke dvArA usameM saMzodhana nahIM huA hai anyathA usameM unakI paramparA se jo asaMgatiyA~ haiM, ve nahIM raha sakatI thiiN| kucha zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki pUjyapAda devanandI vyAkaraNa ke vidvAn the aura tattvArthasatra kA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha vyAkaraNa zAstra kI dRSTi se adhika prAmANika hai ataH yaha saMzodhana unhIM ne kiyA hai, kintu mero dRSTi se yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA hai| yApanIya paramparA meM bhI indranandI Adi vyAkaraNa ke vidvAna hue hai, ataH sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha indranandI nAmaka yApanIya AcArya dvArA hI saMzodhita hai| jinakA ullekha gommaTTasAra meM sAMzayika ke rUpa meM huA hai| kyA vAcaka umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArthasutra zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai ? mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 sukhalAlajI ne apane tattvArthasUtra kI bhUmikA meM, paM0 hIrAlAla rasikalAla kApaDiyA ne tattvArthAdhigamasatra evaM usake svopajJa bhASya kI siddhasenagaNi kI TIkA ke dvitIya vibhAga ke prArambha kI aMgrejI bhUmikA meM, DaoN0 sujiko ohiro ne apane nibandha 'tattvArthasUtra kA mUlapATha' meM ise zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / ' sthAnakavAsI AcArya AtmArAma jI mahArAja ne 'tattvArthasUtra1. dekheM-(a) tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI-5 bhUmikA bhAga pR0 15-27 / / (ba) tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ( svopajJa bhASya aura siddhasena gaNi kI TIkA sahita ), Introduction P. 36-40 / (sa) tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka; paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 5, bhUmikA bhAga pR0 105-107 /

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tattvAryasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 25 jaina Agama samanvaya' meM tattvArtha ke pAThoM kA Agamika AdhAra prastuta karate hue ise zvetAmbara paramparA kI hI kRti mAnA hai / ' zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA ke sAgarAnanda sUrIzvara jo ne tattvArthasUtra ke kartA zvetAmbara haiM aura sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha saMzodhita hai, yaha siddha karane ke lie 96 pRSThoM kI eka pustaka hI likha DAlI hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara aura digambara vidvAnoM kA yaha Agraha ucita nahIM hai| tattvArthasatra aura usake lekhaka usa mUla dhArA ke hai, jisase ina vibhinna paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| ___ tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kI kRti hai, ise siddha karane ke lie paM0 sukhalAla jI Adi zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne jo tarka die haiM unheM saMkSepa meM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. tattvArthasUtra ke mUla pAThoM kI racanA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke AdhAra para huI hai, ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha hai| tattvArtha ke mUlapATha zvetAmbaramAnya Agama sAhitya ke kitane nikaTa hai, ise AcArya AtmArAmajIkRta 'tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke haiN| 2. tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya pATha meM gati kI apekSA se trasa aura sthAvara kA jo vargIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai vaha prAcIna jaina Agama AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, jIvAbhigama Adi ke anukUla hai| ataH bhASyamAnya pATha prAcIna bhI hai aura AgamoM se pramANita bhI hotA hai| isa AdhAra para bho use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| 3. bhASyamAnya pATha meM 'kAlazceke' jo sUtra milatA hai vaha bhI prAcIna Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa karatA hai kyoMki zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM 1. tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, upadhyAya AtmArAma jI, prastAvanA sammati patra, paM0 haMsarAja jI pR0 3 / 2. zrI tattvArthakatanmatanirNaya, sAgarAnandasUrIzvara, RSabhadeva kesarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA ratalAma-sampUrNagrantha paThanIya hai / 3. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra jainAgama samanvaya, isameM tattvArtha ke sUtroM ke nIce sasaMdarbha Agamika pATha diya gaye haiN| 4. dekheM-zramaNa, apraila-jana 1993 prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM 'sa-sthAvara vargI karaNa', lekhaka-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina /

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26 : : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA meM kAla svatantra dravya hai yA nahIM, isa sambandha meM donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / isa sUtra ke AdhAra para yaha siddha hotA hai ki yaha usa paramparA kA grantha hai jisameM kAla ke dravyatva ke sambandha meM vaikalpika mAnyatAe~ thIM / ' 4. tattvArtha ke bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya donoM pAThoM meM upasthita 'ekAdazajine' (9 / 11) sUtra spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA ke viruddha jAtA hai, kyoMki ve 'jina' meM kavalahAra nahIM mAnane ke kAraNa kSudhApariSaha Adi pariSahoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate, kintu sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se 'jina' ko bhI gyAraha pariSaha batAye gaye haiM / yaha bAta bhI use zvetAmbara paramparA kA siddha karatI hai, kyoMki zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya kevalI ke kavalAhAra ko svIkAra karake usameM kSudhAdi pariSahoM kA sadbhAva mAnate haiM / 5. zvetAmbara vidvAn tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati ko umAsvAti kI hI kRti mAnakara unheM zvetAmbara paramparA kA siddha karate haiM / kyoMki tattvArthabhASya (9 / 5, 9 / 7, 9 / 26) aura prazamarati meM vastra - pAtra sambandhI kucha aise sandarbha haiM, jo unake zvetAmbara paraMparA se sambaddha hone ke pramANa haiM / yadi hama bhASya aura prazamarati ko tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti kI kRti mAnate haiM to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki tattvArtha sUtra mUlataH vastra pAtra samarthaka zvetAmbara paraMparA kA grantha hai / paM0 sukhalAla jI ke anusAra tattvArthasUtra, usakA bhASya tathA prazamarati (138) eka hI kRtaka haiM - isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM (i) bhASya para upalabdha TIkAoM meM sabase prAcIna TIkA siddhasena kI hai / usameM bhASya kI svopajJatA ke sUcaka aneka ullekha milate haiM / ( isa hetu dekheM - tattvArthadhigamasUtra -sabhASyaTIkA prathama bhAga pR0 72,205, dvitIya bhAga pR0 220, sampAdaka - hIrAlAla kApaDiyA ) / (ii) yAkinI sunu haribhadra ( IsA kI AThavIM zatI) ne bhI zAstravArtA - samuccaya meM bhASya kI antima kArikAoM meM se AThavIM kArikA ko umAsvAti kRtaka rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai| (iii) AcAryadevagupta bhI sUtra aura bhASya ko eka hI kRtaka mAnate haiM / (iv) bhASya kI prArambhika kArikAoM ( 1/22 ) meM aura kucha anya sthaloM para bhASya meM vakSyAmi, vakSyAmaH (5/22, 5 / 37, 5/40, 542) Adi prathama puruSa ke nirdeza haiM aura ina nirdezoM ke bAda hI sUtra kA kathana kiyA

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tattvArthasUtra aura unakI paramparA : 27 gayA hai, isase bhI bhASya kI svopajJatA siddha hotI hai|' isa prakAra tattvArtha ke kucha mUlasUtroM ke pUrva meM bhASya meM vakSyAmi zabda ke prayoga se bhASya kI svopajJatA meM sandeha karane kA koI avakAza hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI ke zabdoM meM bhASya ko prArambha se anta taka dekhe jAne para eka bAta jaMcatI hai ki 'kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM zabdoM kI khIMcatAna nahIM huI hai, kahIM sUtra kA artha karane meM saMdeha yA vikalpa bhI nahIM liyA gayA hai / na sUtra kI kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA ko mana meM rakhakara sUtra kA artha kiyA gayA aura na kahIM sUtra ke pAThabheda kA hI avalambana liyA gayA hai| jabaki ye sabhI bAteM digambara paramparA mAnya prathama TokA sarvArthasiddhi meM dekhI jAtI haiM, usameM aneka sthAnoM para artha ko lekara khIMca-tAna karanA par3I hai| yaha vastusthiti sUtra aura bhASya kI ekakRtaka hone kI cirakAlIna mAnyatA ko siddha karatI hai| yadi bhASyakAra aura sUtrakAra eka hI haiM, to sUtrakAra ke zvetAmbara paramparA se sambaddha hone kI puSTi hotI hai| (v) punaH bhASya kI prazasti meM umAsvAti ne apanI uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha kiyA hai| vaha uccanAgara zAkhA digambara paramparA meM rahI hai, aisA eka bhI pramANa nahIM milatA hai| jabaki zvetAmbaramAnya kalpasatra kI sthavirAvali meM (216) aura matharA ke aneka abhilekhoM meM isa uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai|5 kalpasUtra meM yaha uccanAgaro zAkhA koTikagaNa kI zAkhA batAyI gayI hai aura Aja bhI sabhI zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka muni apane ko koTikagaNa kA mAnate haiN| punaH bhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane ko vAcaka vaMza kA batAyA hai, yaha vAcaka vaMza bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya nandIsUtra meM ullikhita hai| 1. tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajo, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 16 / 2. vahI, pR0 16 / 3, vahI, pR0 17 / 4. idamuccai garavAcakena'-tattvArthabhASya 5 / 5. kalpasUtra, (prAkRta bhAratI) 216 tathA janazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 19, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64, 71 / 6. vaDaDhau vAyagavaMso-nandIsUtra, stuti gAthAyeM, 34, 35 /

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28 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA (vi) isI prakAra bhASya kI 'kAlazceke' 5/38) evaM 'ekAdaza jine (9/11) kI vyAkhyAe~ tathA siddhoM meM liMgadvAra aura tIrthadvAroM (10/7) kA bhASyagata vaktavya tathA vastra-pAtrasambandhI ullekha (9/5, 9/7, 9/26) bhI digambara paramparA ke viparIta jAte haiM, bhASya meM kevalajJAna ke pazcAt kevalI ke dUsarA upayoga mAnane kA jo mantavya bheda hai vaha bhI digambara granthoM meM nahIM dikhatA (1/31) / paM0 sukhalAlajI ke anusAra upayukta. yuktioM se yahI siddha hotA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAmI zvetAmbara paramparA ke haiN| (vii) punaH prazamarati kI tattvArthasatra se tulanA karane para jo samAna-- tAe~ dRSTigata hotI haiM, unake AdhAra para use bhI umAsvAti kI kRti hone meM sandeha nahIM raha jaataa| usameM bhI muni ke vastra-pAtra Adi kA ullekha hone se yahI siddha hotA hai ki umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparA ke the| isa prakAra paM0 sukhalAlajI, kApaDiyAjI Adi zvetAmbara paraMparA ke vidvAn tattvArthasUtra, usake svopajJabhASya aura prazamarati kI ekakRtakatA siddha kara umAsvAti ko apanI paramparA kA batAte haiM / 2 . (viii) tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya zvetAmbara paramparA kA hai, isakA mahattvapUrNa pramANa yaha hai ki tattvArtha ke prAcIna zvetAmbara TIkAkAra siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra donoM hI unheM apanI paramrarA kA mAnate haiM aura jahA~ unheM tattvArtha athavA usake bhASya kA Agama se virodha parilakSita hotA hai vahA~ usakA spaSTa nirdeza karate hae yA to ve Agama se usakA samanvaya sthApita karate haiM yA yaha mAna lete haiM ki yaha AcArya kI apanI paramparA hogI athavA kisI durvigdha ne bhASya kA yaha aMza vikRta kara diyA hai| siddhasenagaNi likhate haiM ki umAsvAti to vAcaka mukhya haiM, vAcaka to pUrvo ke jJAtA hote haiM, unhoMne aisA Agama virodhI kaise likha diyA, yahA~ avazya ho kisI durvigdha ne bhASya ko naSTa kara diyA hai| 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI-5, bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 17 / 2. vahI. bhUmikA bhAga, pR0 18 / 3. nedaM pAramarSa pravacanAnusAri bhASyaM kiM tahiM pramattagItametat / vAcako hi pUrvavit kathamevaMvidhaM ArSavisaMvAdi nibadhnIyAt / sUtrAnavabodhAdupajAtAbhrAntinA kenApi racitametat / -tattvAdhigamasUtra bhASya 9/6.

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 29 siddhasena ke uparokta kathana se digambara paramparA ke vizruta vidvAn paM0 nAtharAmajI premI yaho niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki unake isa taraha ke vAkyoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ve bhASyakAra ko apane ho sampradAya kA samajhate haiN|' yahA~ eka bAta spaSTa hai ki sabhI zvetAmbara vidvAnoM meM yaha mataikya hai ki tattvArtha aura usakA bhASya unakI apanI paramparA kA hai| jabaki tattvArthasUtra ke prAcIna digambara TIkAkAra mUla graMtha para vistRta TIkAe~ likhakara bhI usa graMthakAra ke viSaya meM mauna sAdhe hue haiM jo isI tathya kA sUcaka hai ki yA to ve granthakAra ke sambandha meM kucha nahIM jAnate haiM yA usake bAre meM jAnate hue bhI isalie mauna raha jAte haiM ki vaha unakI apanI paramparA kA nahIM hai, ataH usakA ullekha hI kyoM kareM ? anyathA kyA kAraNa thA ki pUjyapAda devanandI aura akalaMka ne unakA kahIM smaraNa nahIM kiyA ? vAstavikatA yaha hai ki umAsvAti usa paramparA ke the jise zvetAmbara apanI mAnate the aura jisase ve nikaTa rUpa meM jur3e hue the| digambaroM ne tattvArtha ko yApanIyoM se prApta kiyA thaa| yApanIya usI mUla dhArA se alaga hue the, ataH unhoMne grantha ko apanAkara bhI granthakAra ko mAnya nahIM kiyaa| digambara AcAryoM ko isIlie kartA ke sambandha meM mauna sAdhanA pdd'aa| jahA~ taka sUtra, bhASya aura prazamarati ko ekakRtaka mAnane kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kA isa sambandha meM mataikya hai, kintu digambara vidvAn sUtra, bhASya, prazamarati ko ekakRtaka nahIM mAnate haiM unakI dRSTi meM bhASya aura prazamarati kisI zvetAmbara AcArya kI racanA hai jabaki tattvArtha kisI anya AcArya kI racanA hai, jo digambara thA / ataH isa. sambandha meM unake tarkoM kI samIkSA kara lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| kyA prazamarati prakaraNa aura tattvArtha bhASya bhinna kRtaka hai ? tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati prakaraNa ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karane ke lie digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne unameM milane vAle bahuta adhika sAmya kI upekSA karake unakI bhinnatA ke kucha udAharaNoM ko prastuta karake yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki unameM jo sAmya hai vaha to pUrva paramparA kI ekarUpatA ke kAraNa haiM kintu unameM jo vaiSamya hai vaha unakI bhinna kRtakatA ko sUcita karatA hai, ataH isa sambandha meM gambhIratA se vicAra kara lenA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pR0 542 /

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30 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA Avazyaka hai| inake antara ko spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki (1) tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati prakaraNa meM saMyama ke jo satraha bheda batAye gaye haiM ve saMkhyA kI daSTi se samAna hote hue bhI vivaraNa kI dRSTi se bhinna-bhinna haiN|' 'tattvArthabhASya' meM saMyama ke satraha bheda nimna haiM yoganigrahaH saMyamaH / saH sptdshvidhH| tadyathA pRthvIkAyika-saMyamaH, apkAyika-saMyamaH, tejaskAyika-saMyamaH, vAyukAyika-saMyamaH, vanaspatikAyika-saMyamaH, dvIndriya-saMyama, trIndriya-saMyamaH, caturindriya-saMyamaH, paMcendriya-saMyamaH, prekSya-saMyamaH, upadeza-saMyamaH, apahRtya-saMyamaH, pramRjya-saMyamaH, kAya-saMyamaH, vAk-saMyamaH, manaHsaMyamaH, upakaraNa-saMyamaH, iti saMyamo dharmaHtattvArthabhASya 916 jabaki prazamarati meM saMyama ke satraha bheda nimna haiM-- paMcAsravAdviramaNaM paMcendriyanigrahazca kaSAyajayaH / daNDatrayaviratizceti saMyamaH saptadezabhedaH / / -prazamarati kArikA 172 ina donoM meM mAtra pA~ca indriya vijaya aura tIna daNDa samAna haiM kintu zeSa nau nAma bhinna-bhinna haiN| isa AdhAra para zrImatI kusuma paToriyA Adi kA kahanA hai ki 'isase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ye donoM racanAe~ ekakRtaka nahIM haiM, unake kartA bhinna-bhinna haiM anyathA eka hI kartA isa prakAra kA bhinna-bhinna kathana apane ho granthoM meM nahIM krtaa| kintu unakI yaha mAnyatA eka bhrAnta dhAraNA para sthita hai| saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA donoM zailiyoM se vivecana karane vAlI paramparAe~ ati prAcIna haiM aura Agamika bhI hai, kyoMki inake ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| 'pravacanasAroddhAra' jo ki zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha hai| usameM donoM hI prakAra se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA ullekha huA hai| usake dvAra 66 gAthA 555 meM pA~ca AzravoM se virati, pA~ca indriyoM para vijaya, cAra kaSAya kA tyAga aura tIna daNDa se virati aise saMyama ke satraha bheda batAye haiM jabaki usake dvAra 66 kI ho 556vIM gAthA meM pRthvIkAyAdi satraha prakAra ke saMyamoM kA ullekha huA hai| pA~ca Azrava dvAra Adi ke AdhAra para saMyama ke satraha bheda karane vAlI pravacanasAroddhAra kI nimna gAthA 'prazamarati' ke anurUpa hai : 'paMcAsavA viramaNaM paMcendiya niggaho kasAya jo| daNDattayassa viraI sattarasahA saMjamo hoi||' -pravacanasAroddhAra 660555 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya,-DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 119-120 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 31 jabaki pRthvIkAya Adi saMyama ke satraha bheda karane vAlI pravacanasAroddhAra ko nimna gAthAe~ 'samavAyAMga' aura 'tattvArthabhASya' ke vivaraNa ke anurUpa haiM puDhavi daga agaNi mArUya vaNasrAi bi ti cau paNidiajjIvA / peha gheha pamajjaNa pariThavaNa aNo vaI kaae| ---pravacanasAroddhAra 66 / 556 na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA meM apitu yApanIya paramparA meM bhI Agamika AdhAra para saMyama ke donoM zailiyoM se satraha bheda karane kI paramparA pracalita rahI hai| yApanIya graMtha bhagavatIArAdhanA meM gAthA 416-17 meM jo saMyama ke satraha bheda kiye gaye haiM ve zvetAmbara mAnya 'samavAyAMga' ke 17veM samavAya ke anurUpa hI haiN| jabaki usI paramparA ke pratikramaNa meM 'sattarassavihisu asaMjamesu' kI vyAkhyA karate hue prabhAcandra ne usakI TIkA meM eka ora pRthvIkAya Adi saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora pA~ca Azrava Adi ke AdhAra para saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI carcA karane vAlI nimna gAthA bhI prastuta kI hai 'paMcAsavehiM viramaNaM paMcendiyaniggaho kasAya jayo tihi daNDehiM ya viradi sattArassa saMjayA bhaNidA' / ' pravacanasAroddhAra kI uparokta gAthA aura digambara pratikramaNa sUtra kI TIkA meM ullikhita yaha gAthA samAna hI hai aura 'prazamarati' prakaraNa kI 172vIM kArikA bho inakA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa mAtra hai / vastutaH saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI donoM prakAra se vyAkhyA karane ko zailiyA~ Agamika aura prAcIna ho hai| jisakA anukaraNa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| vastutaH vargIkaraNa zailI ko yaha vividhatA prANI-saMyama aura indriya-saMyama ke AdhAra para sthita hai| jaba prabhAcandra jaise yApanIya paramparA ke mAnya vidvAn eka hI graMtha meM prakArAntara se saMyama ke donoM prakAra ke vargIkaraNoM kI carcA kara sakate haiM aura jaba zvetAmbara 'siddhasenasUri' pravacanasAroddhAra meM ina donoM hI prakAroM kA 1. pratikramaNa granthatrayI (prabhAcandra kI TIkA sahita ) saM0 paM0 motIcanda gotamacanda koThArI, digambara jaina jinavANI jIrNoddhAra saMsthA kolhApura pR0 49-50 /

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32 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ullekha karate haiM to umAsvAti ke dvArA do bhinna graMthoM meM saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA do bhinna daSTiyoM se ullekha kiyA jAnA asambhava nahIM hai| isase donoM granthoM kA bhinna kRtaka honA siddha nahIM hotA hai| umAsvAti ne jahA~ apane vivaraNAtmaka gadya grantha 'tattvArthabhASya' meM prANo saMyama ko dRSTi se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, vahIM 'prazamarati' meM indriya-saMyama kI daSTi se saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI carcA kii| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki donoM hI zailiyoM se saMyama ke satraha bheda karane kI yaha paramparA Agamika hai aura isIlie AgamoM ko mAnane vAlI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM milatI hai| digambara paramparA meM saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kI yaha carcA anupalabdha hai kyoMki na to pUjyapAda devanandi aura na akalaGka hI tattvArthaTIkA meM ina satraha bhedoM kA kahIM koI nirdeza karate haiN| jabaki yApanoya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA' aura yApanIya pratikramaNa kI TIkA meM prabhAcandra spaSTa rUpa se isakA ullekha karate hai / ataH saMyama ke satraha bhedoM kA do dRSTiyoM se vivecana karane vAlI paramparA, do bhinna-bhinna paramparAe~ na hokara eka hI Agamika paramparA kA anusaraNa hai| ataH umAsvAti ke dvArA do bhinna granthoM meM do bhinna kintu apanI paramparA kI zailiyoM kA anusaraNa karanA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| isase to yahI siddha hotA hai ki 'prazamarati' aura 'tattvArthabhASya' eka ho Agamika paramparA kI racanAe~ haiM aura unake kartA bhI eka hI haiN| (ii) 'tattvArthabhASya' aura 'prazamarati' ko bhinna kartRka siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM aura tattvArthabhASya meM jIvoM ke bhAvoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA hI ullekha milatA hai (211) jaba ki 'prazamarati' kArikA 196-197 meM pA~ca prakAra ke bhAvoM kI carcA ke pazcAt chaThe 'sAnnipAtika' (SaSThazca sannipAtika) nAmaka chaThe bhAva kI bhI carcA karatI hai / ise vaiSamya kA saiddhAMtika udAharaNa batAkara yaha kahA gayA hai ki yadi ina donoM kA kartA eka hotA to ye saiddhAMtika viSamatAe~ unameM nahIM ho sakatI thii| aisI viSamatA to bhinna kartaka kRtiyoM meM hI sambhava hai| 1. bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 416-17 / 2. pratikramaNa granthatrayI (sampAdaka prakAzaka pUrvokta) pR0 49-50 / 3. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 119 / . 4. vahI, pR0 117 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 33 merI dRSTi meM yaha niSkarSa yuktipUrNa nahIM hai, prathama to yaha ki yaha saiddhAMtika vaiSamya na hokara mAtra saMkSipta aura vistRta vivecana kA pariNAma hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke samAna prazamarati bhI mUla meM to pA~ca hI bhAva kI carcA karatI hai kintu jaba vaha unameM se pratyeka ke upabhedoM evaM unake sannipAtajanya upabhedoM kI carcA karatI hai to vaha kahatI hai ki chaThe sAnnipAtika bhAva ke anya pandraha bheda bhI haiN| kintu yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki sAnnipAtika bhAva svataMtra bhAva na hokara, eka mizrita bhAva dazA hai, ataH usakA tattvArtha meM svatantra bhAvoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ullekha nahIM honA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai| tattvArtha sUtra-zailo kA gadya graMtha hai, jabaki prazamarati vivecanAtmaka zailI meM likho gaI padyAsmaka racanA hai, ataH usameM adhika vistAra se carcA kI gii| saiddhAMtika vaiSamya to taba hotA, jaba unameM pA~ca bhAvoM meM koI antara hotA aura sAnnipAtika bhAva koI svataMtra bhAva hotaa| sAnnipAtika zabda svayaM ho isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki yaha svataMtra bhAva nahIM hai / eka hI lekhaka jaba vistAra se koI carcA karatA hai to pUrva meM anukta aneka bAtoM kA ullekha karatA hai| punaH isa carcA meM yadi prazamarati prakaraNa, tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya se uttaravartI siddha ho to bhI usase usakI bhinnakRtakatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki eka hI lekhaka jaba jIvana ke vividha caraNoM meM vividha racanAe~ likhatA hai aura unameM antara bhI hotA hai| ___ (iii) prazamarati, tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane ke viSaya meM taTasthatA pradarzita kI gaI hai, jabaki prazamarati meM kAladravya ko samAna bhAva se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zrImatI DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA likhatI haiM ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra ne chahoM dravyoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana kiyaa| tattvArthasUtra kI taraha prazamarati prakaraNa meM kAla ke viSaya meM apanI taTasthatA pradarzita nahIM kI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra chahoM dravyoM ke antargata kAladravya ko bhI svataMtra rUpa se svIkAra karate haiM ( dekheM kArikA 206 evaM 210)' isa AdhAra para ve yaha phalita nikAlatI hai ki prazamarati prakaraNakAra aura tattvArthasUtrakAra bhinna-bhinna vyakti hai| 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 116 /

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34 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ___ yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya meM umAsvAti ne apanA pakSa prastuta nahIM kiyA hai-mAtra unhoMne jaina paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya kI mAnyatA ko lekara jo matabheda thA, usakA 'kAlazceke' sUtra meM bhI saMketa kiyA hai| kAla svataMtra dravya hai yA nahIM yaha carcA prAcInakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM pracalita rahI hai| pArzva aura unakI paramparA mAtra paMcAstikAya ko ho mAnate the,' kAla ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnate the, ve kAla ko jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya hI mAnate the| kintu mahAvIra ko paramparA meM kAla ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM mAnyatA mila cukI thii| svayaM uttarAdhyayana meM kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnakara usake lakSaNa kI carcA hai| yadi AgamoM meM hI donoM prakAra ke daSTikoNa the, to AgamoM ke AdhAra para nirmita graMtha meM usakA saMketa karanA Avazyaka thaa| punaH tattvArtha kI racanA kA uddezya samagra jaina darzana ke pratinidhi grantha kI racanA karanA thA, tAki nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, sAMkhyasUtra aura mImAMsAsUtra kI taraha jaina darzana kA bhI koI pratinidhi sUtra grantha ho| jaba ki prazamarati unakI apanI svataH racanA thii| ataH tattvArtha meM usa taTasthatA kA paricaya denA Avazyaka thA, jaba ki prazamarati meM Avazyaka nahIM thaa| tattvArtha aura usake bhASya meM ve sampUrNa jaina darzana kI ora se koI bAta kaha rahe haiM, jabaki prazamarati meM apanI paramparA kI bAta kara rahe haiN| Aja bhI koI vidvAn jaba samana jainadharma ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM koI bAta kahatA hai to usakI prastutIkaraNa kI zailI bhinna hotI hai aura jaba apanI sAmpradAyika mAnyatA kI bAta karatA hai to usakI zailo bhinna hotI hai| punaH yahA~ bhI saiddhAMtika matabheda nahIM hai kyoMki kahIM bhI umAsvAti ne yaha nahIM kahA hai ki maiM kAla ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatA hai| ve mAtra yaha kahate haiM ki kucha kAla ko bhI svataMtra dravya mAnate haiN| una kucha meM umAsvAti svayaM bhI ho sakate haiM / ataH isa AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA ko prazamarati ke kartA se bhinna mAnanA ucita nahIM 1. se jahA nAmate paMca asthikAyA Na kayAti NAsI jAva NiccA evAmeva loke'vi Na kayAti NAsI jAva Nicce |-isibhaasibaaii 3119 2. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA-10 213-214 3. dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala jntvo|| esa logotti pannatto jiNehiM varadaMsihiM ||-uttraadhyyn 287 4. 'vattaNAlakkhaNo kaalo|'-uttraadhyyn 28 / 10

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 35 hai / isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki umAsvAti ke kAla taka mahAvIra ke saMgha meM vilIna pAzvapatyoM ko paJcAstikAya ko dravya mAnane kI aura kAla ko svataMtra dravya nahIM mAnane kI paramparA kSINa ho rahI thI aura kAla ko svataMtra dravya mAnane kA pakSa majabUta hotA jA rahA thA / vaha eka saMkramaNa kAla thA, ataH unake lie taTastha rUpa se usa viluptaprAyaH mAnyatA kA saMketa kara denA ho paryApta thA, use mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM thA / punaH ye donoM hI paramparAe~ Agamika haiM aura ve umAsvAti ko usI Agamika dhArA kA siddha karatI haiM / (iv) prazamarati ko tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA se bhinna kisI anya kI kRti batAne hetu digambara vidvAnoM dvArA eka tarka yaha bhI 1. diyA jAtA hai ki trasa aura sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ko lekara bhI donoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai / 2 jahA~ prazamarati meM jIva ke bhedoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue pA~ca sthAvaroM kA vivecana hai ' vahA~ tattvArtha aura tattvArthabhASya meM tejaskAyika aura vAyukAyika jovoM ko trasa kahA gayA hai, jabaki prazamarati ina donoM ko sthAvaroM meM vargIkRta karatI hai / suzrI kusuma paToriyA ke anusAra yaha eka saiddhAMtika matabheda hai aura eka ho kartA kI do bhinna kRtiyoM isa prakAra kA saiddhAMtika matabheda yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve bhinna kRtaka haiM | tattvArthasUtra ke kartA prazamarati ke kartA se bhinna hai aura ve unake uttaravartI haiM / merI dRSTise isa sandarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se Agamika mAnyatAoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiye binA isa taraha kI bAteM karanA hAsyAspada lagatA hai / hai SaTjIvanikAyoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ye SaT prakAra ke jIva Ate haiM kintu ina SaTjIvanikAyoM meM kauna aura kauna sthAvara ? isa prazna ko lekara prAcInakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM bhinna-bhinna dhAraNAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / yadyapi lagabhaga chaThIM zatI se 1. kSityambu vahnipavanataravastrasAzca SaDbhedA / prazamarati 192 / 2. tejovAyU dvIndiyAdayazca trasAH / tattvArthaM 2 / 14 3. jJAtavya hai ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM mAtra 'dvIndriyAdayazca trasAH' itanA pATha hai, usameM vAyu aura teja ko sUtra 2 / 13 meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai / yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA, pR0 117 / 3

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36 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~coM ko sthAvara mAnA jAtA hai, kintu Agamika paramparA meM inake vargIkaraNa kI bhinna zailiyA~ rahI haiM aura usameM bhI aneka mata-matAntara rahe haiN| tattvArtha kA zvetAmbara paramparA kA bhASyamAnya pATha pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati-ina tIna ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu tathA dvIndriya Adi ko basa nikAya meM vargIkRta karatA hai| tattvArtha aura tattvArthabhASya kA yaha pATha uttarAdhyayana ke 363 adhyAya meM upalabdha daSTikoNa ke samAna hI hai| kintu AcArAMga se isa artha meM bhinna hai ki jahA~ AcArAMga meM agni ko sthAvara mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ tattvArtha meM use trasa kahA gayA hai / AgamoM meM SaTjovanikAya ke vargIkaraNa kI aneka zailiyA~ pracalita rahI haiM aura unameM parivartana bhI hotA rahA hai / AcArAMga meM vAyu aura dvondriya Adi ko trasa mAnA gayA, kyoMki AcArAMgakAra vAyukAya kI vivecanA trasakAya ke pazcAt karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM agni ko usameM sammilita karake agni, vAyu aura dvondriyAdi ko trasa kahA gayA hai, kintu dUsarI ora uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana kI 31vIM gAthA meM tathA dazavaivAlika ke cauthe adhyAya meM yadyapi trasa aura sthAvara kA spaSTa nAma-nirdeza nahIM hai, phira bhI unakI vivecana zailI se aisA lagatA hai ki vahA~ pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara hI mAnA gayA hogaa| kyoMki ina pA~coM kA ullekha karane ke bAda trasa kA ullekha haA hai| SaTjIvanikAya ke vargIkaraNa ke ina donoM dRSTikoNoM meM dazavaikAlika kI aura uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM 1. tulanIya-tattvArtha 2013-14 tathA uttarAdhyayana 36 / 2. dekheM-AcArAMgasUtra prathama zruta skandha prathama adhyayana, uddezaka 6 evaM 7 / 3. puDhavI AujIvA ya taheva ya vaNassaI / iccee thAvarA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me // teU vAU ya boddhavvA urAlA ya tasA tahA / iccee tasA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me ||-uttraadhyyn 36 / 69, 107 4. puDhavI AukkAe teU vAU vanassai tasANa / paDilehaNaM Autto chaNhaM ArAhao hoi ||-uttraadhyyn 26 / 31 5. taM jahA puDhavikAiyA, AukAiyA, teukAiyA, vAukAiyA, vanassakAiyA, tasakAiyA / dazavakAlika, adhyAya 4 / 1 jJAtavya hai ki prazamarati kI sthiti dazavakAlika ke samAna hai|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 37 adhyayana kI sthiti prazamarati ke samAna hai, prazamarati bhI spaSTa rUpa se yaha to nahIM kahatI hai, ki kSitiAdi pA~ca sthAvara hai, kintu vaha ina pA~coM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt trasa kahakara jIva ke chaha bheda batAtI hai / jabaki uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyayana kI sthiti tattvArtha aura usake bhASya ke samAna hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArtha bhASya aura prazamarati donoM meM hI Agamika mAnyatAoM kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki unake kAla taka donoM hI mAnyatAeM pracalita rahI haiM aura kintu pA~ca ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara mAnane kI avadhAraNA dhIre-dhore sthira ho rahI thI, yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne prazamarati meM paMcasthAvaroM kI avadhAraNA kA uttarAdhyayana ke 26veM adhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika ke anurUpa hI vivecana kiyaa| jaba eka hI Agama meM donoM prakAra ke dRSTikoNa upalabdha haiM, to yaha Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai ki eka hI kartA ko do bhinna kRtiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa upalabdha ho jaayeN| yadyapi digambara paramparA ke sarvArtha siddhimAnya pATha meM aura paravartI sabhI digambara tattvArtha kI TIkAoM meM pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu, vanaspati ina pA~ca ko sthAvara mAnA gayA hai| kintu svayaM digambara paramparA meM hI kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa isase bhinna hai| kundakunda apane grantha paMcAstikAya meM apanA dRSTikoNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki pRthvI, apa, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati ye pA~ca ekendriya jIva haiN| ina ekendriya jIvoM meM tIna sthAvara zarIra se yukta haiM aura zeSa anila aura anala trasa zarIra se yukta haiM / yahA~ kundakunda kA dRSTikoNa bhI trasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa meM zvetAmbara Agama aura zvetAmbara mAnya pATha ke samAna hai| kintu usI paMcAstikAya ko gAthA saMkhyA 113 meM unhoMne prazamarati ke samAna hI pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kA eka sAtha vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| yadi kunda1. pRthivyaptejovAyuvanaspatayaH sthAvarAH / -tattvArtha (sarvArthasiddhi) 2013 2. puDhavI ya udagamagaNI vAuvaNatphadi jIva saMsidA kaayaa| daMti khalu moha bahulaM phAsaM bahugA vi te tesi // titthAvarataNujogA aNilANala kAiyA ye| tesu tasA / maNapariNAma virahidA jIvA egeMdiyA NeyA // -paMcAstikAya 110-111 3. ede jIvaNikAyA paMcavihA puddhvikaaiyaadiiyaa| __(mana) maNapariNAmavirahidA jIvA egeMdiyA bhaNiyA ||-pNcaastikaay 113

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38 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA kunda ke eka ho grantha meM ye donoM daSTikoNa eka sAtha upalabdha haiM to kyA yaha mAnA jAyegA ki paMcAstikAya do bhinna AcAryoM kI racanA hai yA vaha mAtra eka saMkalita grantha hai| prazamarati aura tattvArthamUla tathA tattvArtha bhASya meM jisa antara ko iMgita karake hamAre digambara vidvAn unheM do bhinna vyaktiyoM kI racanA siddha karate haiM, kyA ve apane usI tarka ke AdhAra para paMcastikAya ko do bhinna vyaktiyoM ko racanA mAnane ko taiyAra haiM ? vastutaH vargIkaraNa kI ye jo do zailiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiM ve trasa evaM sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para nahIM hai apitu gatizIlatA aura indriya-saMkhyA ina do AdhAroM para hai| ataH ina donoM prakAra kI zailiyoM meM saiddhAntika virodha nahIM hai| jaba SaTjIvanikAya ko ekendriya aura dvIndriya Adi ke AdhAra para vargIkRta karanA hotA hai, to isa vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se pRthvI, apa, tejas, vAyu aura vanaspati ko eka varga meM aura trasa ko dUsare varga meM rakhA jAtA hai| kintu jaba gatizIlatA kI dRSTi se vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, jo pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko sthAvara aura agni, vAyu aura udAra-trasa ko trasa kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH ye donoM vargIkaraNa do bhinna dRSTikoNoM para AdhArita haiN| hamAre vidvAna vargIkaraNoM ke ina do dRSTikoNoM ko eka sAtha milAkara bhrAnti utpanna kara dete haiN| Agama yuga meM aindrika AdhAra se jaba vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA thA, to ina pA~coM ko ekendriya varga meM aura trasa ko ekendriyetara varga meM rakhA jAtA hai, kintu jaba gatizIlatA ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai taba pRthvI, apa aura vanaspati ko agatizIla arthAt sthAvara meM dvIndriya Adi ko gatizIla mAnakara trasa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| ataH vargIkaraNa ke isa prazna ko lekara jo digambara vidvAn tattvArtha aura usake bhASya tathA prazamarati ko bhinna kRtaka siddha karanA cAhate haiM, ve eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA ko khar3I karanA cAhate haiM / jisa tarka kA ve yahA~ bhinna kRtakatA siddha karane hetu upayoga karate haiM, jaba vahI tarka kundakunda ke prasaMga meM una para lAgU hotA hai taba ve asamaMjasa meM par3a jAte haiM / kyA paMcAstikAya kI do bhinna matoM ko prastuta karane vAlI ye gAthAyeM eka kRtaka nahIM hai ? kyA isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jAe ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya tattvArthasUtra kA pATha aura paMcAstikAya ke kartA eka hI sampradAya ke nahIM hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM kundakunda digambara paramparA ke

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tattvArthasatra aura usakI paramparA : 39 nahIM hai ? punaH prazamarati meM yaha zloka SaDjIvanikAya ko sUcita karane ke sandarbha meM AyA hai na ki trasa-sthAvara ke vargIkaraNa ke sandarbha meM / punaH yaha zloka uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika evaM paMcAstikAya meM bhI bhAva kI dRSTi samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| vastutaH prazamarati aura tattvArtha eka hI Agamika paramparA ke grantha hai| isa prakAra tattvArtha, usake bhASya aura prazamarati meM jo vaiSamya siddha karake unako pRthaka batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, vaha nirAdhAra siddha ho jAtA hai| punaH tattvArtha aura pragamarati meM sAmAtA ke anekAneka udAharaNa paM0 sukhalAlajI kI bhUmikA se uddhRta karake svayaM kusuma paToriyA ne diye ho haiN| ataH vidvAnoM ko una para bhI vicAra lenA caahie| unameM sabase mahattvapUrNa samAnatA yaha hai ki donoM meM zrAvaka ke vratoM ke nAma aura krama eka samAna hai| tattvArtha (7/15-17 ) meM inakA jo krama hai, vaha prazamarati (303-303 ) ko chor3akara anyatra kahIM bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra donoM meM kAla kA lakSaNa samAna zabdAvalI meM diyA gayA hai| isa sAmya se to yahI siddha hotA hai ki tatvArtha, tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati eka hI vyakti kI racanAe~ haiN| unameM eka vyakti ke jIvana kI dRSTi se kAlakrama bheda aura vicAra bheda ho sakatA hai, kintu ve bhinna kRtaka kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM ho sakatI / vyAvahArika anubhava meM bhI hama yaha pAte haiM ki, 'eka hI vyakti ke jIvana meM, kAlakrama meM kucha mAnyatAe~ bilkUla badala jAtI haiM, to yadi tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati meM kahIM kvacit mAnyatA bheda, jo ki vastutaH to nahIM hai, yadi dikhAI bhI par3e to isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki ve bhinna vyakti kI racanAe~ haiM, eka bhrAnta avadhAraNA hai / isI prasaMga meM kusuma paToriyA kA yaha kathana bhI vicAraNIya hai, "ina granthoM ke sUkSma antaH parIkSaNa se hameM to yahI avagata hotA hai ki prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ke samakSa tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya vidyamAna the| yaha isalie kaha sakate haiM ki prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ne pUrva kaviyoM dvArA racita prazamajananazAstrapaddhatiyoM ke AdhAra-grahaNa kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, isase ve nizcaya hI uttarakAlIna aura bhinna samayavartI haiN| isa sampUrNa vivecana kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra pahale racA gayA aura usakA bhASya 1. dekheM-yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 115-116 / -tattvArthasUtra, vivecaka paM0 sukhalAlajI

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40 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA usake bahuta kAla bAda racA gayA hai aura ina donoM kA AdhAra lekara prazamaratiprakaraNakAra ne apanI racanA prazamarati likhI hai|"1 ___ isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to merA nivedana yaha hai ki prazamarati ke kartA ke samakSa tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya kI upasthiti se yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki ve bhinna kRtaka haiM athavA unake bIca kAlakrama kA lambA antarAla hai| jaba ye tInoM grantha eka hI lekhaka kI racanA hai aura usameM bhI prazamarati unakI bAda kI racanA ho to prazamarati meM tattvArtha aura usake bhASya kI upasthiti svAbhAvika ho hai / punaH tInoM granthoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai, jo yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve tInoM eka hI Agamika paramparA ke vyakti ko racanAe~ hai| ataH tattvArtha ke kato ko digambara yA yApanIya mAnanA aura bhASya aura prazamarati ke kartA ko zvetAmbara kahanA ucita nahIM hai| bhASya aura prazamarati meM jo tathya haiM ve unake kartA ko zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA pUrvaja hI siddha karate haiN| tattvArtha, tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati meM yadi kiJcita mAnyatA bheda bhI ho to usase mAtra yahI phalita hotA hai ki umAsvAti kI jIvana ke uttarArdha meM kucha mAnyatAe~ badalI hai / yadyapi unameM aisA mAnyatA bheda nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| tattvArtha aura usake bhASya tathA prazamarati meM yadi kAla kA lambA antarAla hotA to unameM kahIM na kahIM kisI rUpa meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI jaise vikasita jaina siddhAntoM kA praveza ho jaataa| guNasthAna jaina sAdhanA aura jaina karma siddhAnta kA AdhArabhUta siddhAnta hai, jo pA~cavoM zatI ke lagabhaga astitva meM aayaa| tattvArthasUtra, tattvArthabhASya aura prazamarati meM unakI anupasthiti se yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve samakAlIna racanAe~ haiM aura unake kAloM meM 20-30 varSa se adhika kA antara nahIM rahA hai| yadi digambara vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI kI racanAe~ hotI to inameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAnta avazya A jAte / kyoMki pA~cavIM-chaTIM zatI ke bAda kI sabhI zvetAmbara-digambara tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM inakA ullekha hai / kyA tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya bhI bhinna kRtaka haiM ? .. digambara paramparA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn paM0 phUla canda jI, paM0 jugala- - 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, pR0 120 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 41 kizora jI Adi sUtra aura bhASya meM virodha dikhAte hue yaha siddha karate haiM ki ve bhI bhinna kRtaka haiM / paM0 phUlacanda jI likhate haiM___ (i) "sAdhAraNataH kisI viSaya ko spaSTa karane, usakI sUcanA dene yA agale satra kI utthAnikA bA~dhane ke lie TIkAkAra Age ke yA pIche ke sUtra kA ullekha karate haiN| yaha paripATI sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya meM bhI vistArapUrvaka apanAI gaI hai|... sAdhAraNataH ye TokAkAra kahIM pUre sUtra ko uddhRta karate haiM aura kahoM usake eka hisse ko| para jitane aMza ko uddhRta karate haiM vaha apane meM pUrA hotA hai| aisA vyatyaya kahIM bhI nahIM dikhAI detA ki kisI eka aMza ko uddhRta karate hue bhI ve usameM se samasita prArambha ke kisI pada ko chor3a dete hoN| aisI avasthA meM hama to yahI anumAna karate the ki ina donoM TIkA granthoM meM aisA uddharaNa zAyada hI milegA jisase inakI sthiti meM sandeha utpanna kiyA jA ske| isa dRSTi se hamane sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya kA bArIkI se paryAyalocana kiyA hai| kintu hameM yaha svIkAra karanA par3atA hai ki tattvArthabhASya meM eka sthala para aisA skhalana avazya huA hai jo isakI sthiti meM sandeha utpanna karatA hai| yaha skhalana adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 kA bhASya likhate samaya huA hai| ____ matijJAna aura zrutajJAna ke viSaya kA pratipAdana karane vAlA sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtra isa prakAra hai 'matizrutayonibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / ' yahI sUtra tattvArthabhASya mAnyapATha meM isa rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai-- ___ 'matizrutayonibandhaH sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu / ' tattvArthabhASya meM sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtra pAThakI apekSA 'dravya' padake vizeSaNarUpa se 'sarva' pada adhika svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kintu jaba ve hI tattvArthabhASkAra isa sUtra ke uttarArdha ko adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 ke bhASya meM uddhRta karate haiM taba usakA rUpa sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha le letA hai / yathA____'atrAha-matizrutayostulyaviSayatvaM vakSyati-'dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' iti' kadAcit kahA jAya ki isa ullekha meM se lipikAra kI asAvadhAnI1. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI prastAvanA pR0 44-45 /

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42 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA vaza 'sarva' pada chuTa gayA hogA kintu yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki apanI TIkA meM siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra ne bhI tattvArthabhASya ke isa aMza ko isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| prazna yaha hai ki jaba tattvArthabhASyakAra ne ukta stra kA utarArdha 'sarvadravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu' svIkAra kiyA, taba anyatra use uddhRta karate samaya ve usake 'sarva' pada ko kyoM chor3a ge| pada kA vismaraNa ho jAne se aisA huA hogA yaha bAta binA kAraNa ke kUcha napI-tulI pratIta nahIM hotii| yaha to hama mAna lete haiM ki pramAdavaza yA jAna-bUjhakara unhoMne aisA nahIM kiyA hogA, phira bhI yadi vismaraNa hone se hI yaha vyatyaya mAnA jAya to isakA koI kAraNa avazya honA caahie| hamArA to khyAla hai ki tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya unake sAmane sarvArthasiddhi mAnya satrapATha avazya rahA hai aura hamane kyA pATha svIkAra kiyA hai isakA vizeSa vicAra kiye binA unhoMne anAyAsa usake sAmane hone se sarvArthasiddhimAnya satrapATha kA aMza yahA~ uddhRta kara diyA hai / yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki adhyAya 1 sUtra 20 kA bhASya likhate samaya taka ve yaha nizcaya na kara sake hoM ki kyA isameM 'sarva' pada ko 'dravya' pada kA vizeSaNa banAnA Avazyaka hogA yA jo purAnA sUtrapATha hai use apane mUlarUpa meM hI rahane diyA jAya aura sambhava hai ki aisA kucha nizcaya na kara sakane ke kAraNa yahA~ unhoMne purAne pATha ko ho uddhRta kara diyA ho| hama yaha to mAnate haiM ki tattvArthabhASya prArambha karane ke pahale hI ve tattvArthastra kA svarUpa nizcita kara cuke the phira bhI kisI khAsa sUtra ke viSaya meM zaMkAspada bane rahanA aura tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya usameM parivartana karanA sambhava hai| jo kucha bhI ho isa ullekha se itanA nizcaya karane ke lie to bala milatA hI hai ki tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya vAcaka umAsvAti ke sAmane sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha avazya honA caahie|" isa sambandha meM merA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki apane hI grantha meM apane kisI sUtra ko uddhRta karate samaya yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki pUre hI sUtra ko uddhRta kiyA jaaye| svayaM paM0 jI isI sandarbha meM pUrva meM yaha svIkAra kara cuke haiM ki "sAdhAraNataH ye TIkAkAra kahIM pUre sUtra ko uddhRta karate haiM aura kahIM usake eka hisse ko aisI sthiti meM uddhRta karate samaya yadi dravya ke pUrva sarva vizeSaNa ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA to, isase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki sUtrakAra svayaM hI TIkAkAra nahIM ho sktaa|" vizeSa bAta

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 43 yaha hai ki isa prasaMga meM bhASyakAra sarvaparyAyoM ke jJAna ke niSedha para bala denA cAhatA hai aura isalie dravya ke Age sarva pada ko uddhRta karanA use Avazyaka nahIM lagA hogA / punaH 'dravyeSu' pATha svataH bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga hone se usake sarva vizeSaNa ko yahA~ uddhRta karanA Avazyaka bhI nahIM thaa| ataH sarva pada kA ullekha honA yA na honA bahuta mahattvapUrNa tathya nahIM hai| punaH vismaraNa athavA lipikAra dvArA sarva pada ko choDa denA bhI asambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki tattvArtha aura usake svopajJa bhASya ke kAla taka likhita graMthoM ke mAdhyama se adhyayana karavAne kI paramparA jainasaMgha meM nahIM thI, maukhika paramparA hI thii| ataH vismaraNa yA lipikAra kA doSa sambhava hai / yadi usa sarvArthasiddhi meM, jisake kAla taka likhane kI prathA prArambha ho cukI thI, Aja saikar3oM pAThabheda haiM, jinakA ullekha svayaM0 paM0 phUlacandajI ne apanI sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA meM pR0 1-7 meM kiyA hai, to tattvArtha aura usake svopajJa bhASya meM eka-do sthala para pAThabheda honA koI bahuta bar3o bAta nahIM hai ki jisake AdhAra para bhASya kI svopajJatA ko nakArA jA sake / punaH yaha bhI sambhava hai ki bhASyakAra ke kAla meM yahI pATha rahA ho aura bAda meM pariSkArita haA ho, kintu yaha kahanA to atyanta hI bacakAnA lagatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi ke pAThoM ke AdhAra para bhASyamAnya pATha nizcita huA hai| jaba bhASya ke anekoM aMza sarvArthasiddhi meM mUla pATha ke rUpa meM athavA TIkA ke aMza meM pAye jAte haiM to yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASyakAra ne sarvArthasiddhi se pATha uddhRta kiyA hogA ? Azcarya to yaha hotA hai ki tattvArtha aura usake bhASya ko umAsvAti ko kRti mAnakara bhI yaha kahanA ki vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya likhate samaya sarvArthasiddhi mAnya sUtrapATha ko grahaNa kiyA hogaa| yadi tattvArthasUtra ke kartA vAcaka umAsvAti se bhinna koI AcArya yA AcArya gRddhapiccha the, to phira tattvArthasatra ke digambara TIkAkAra pUjyapAda devanandI aura akalaMka ne unake nAma kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA? apanI paramparA ke usa AcArya kA jisake grantha para TIkAkAra TIkA likha rahA hai, ullekha na kare, isase durbhAgyapUrNa bAta anya kyA ho sakato hai ? kyoM bAda ke digambara AcAryoM ne abhilekhoM meM umAsvAti ko tattvArtha kA kartA mAnA / punaH yaha kalpanA karanA ki tattvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti aura tattvArthabhASya ke kartA umAsvAti do bhinna vyakti hai aura unameM prathama digambara aura dUsarA zvetAmbara hai ? yadi aisA hI hai to akalaMka jaise samartha AcArya ne bhASya ko kArikAoM

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44 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ko apane vArtika meM kyoM uddhRta kiyaa| durbhAgya se aisA saba soca hamAre paramparA ke vyAmoha aura sAmpradAyika abhiniveza kA pratIka hai| hama apane sAmpradAyika vyAmohoM kI mohara usa AcArya para lagAnA cAhate haiM, jo ina sampradAyoM ke janma ke pUrva huA thaa| sampUrNa grantha meM mAtra eka pATha bheda pakar3a kara yaha kaha denA ki donoM eka AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai, durbhAgyapUrNa ho hai| __ maiM yaha pUchanA cAhatA hU~ ki kyA isa taraha ke anekoM pAThabheda digambara paramparA meM nahIM haiN| bhagavato ArAdhanA Adi aneka granthoM meM aura unakI TIkAoM meM bhI aise pAThabheda mila rahe haiM, jinako carcA svayaM paM0 kailAzacaMda jI, paM0 nAthUrAmajI Adi disambara vidvAn bhI kara cuke haiM / anya granthoM ko bAta chor3ie-tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA kI purAnI mudrita pratiyoM meM aura vartamAna meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha se mudrita evaM svayaM paNDita phUlacandajI dvArA sampAdita prati meM ho eka-do nahIM mAtra prathama adhyAya meM hI pacAsa se adhika sthAnoM meM pAThabheda kA saMketa tA svayaM paM0 jo ne kiyA hai aura yaha pAThabheda bho sAmAnya nahIM hai kahIM-kahIM to pUre ke pUre 8-10 vAkyoM kA antara hai| paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI ne inake atirikta bhI isameM digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM baiThane vAle pAThoM ko pATha zuddhi ke nAma para kaise aura kyoM badalA hai, isa sambandha meM hama apanI ora se kucha na kahakara mAtra unakI sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA ke pR0 1 se 7 dekhane kA nirdeza kareMge tAki pAThaka unake mantavya kA samyak prakAra se mUlyAM kana kara ske| (ii) tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya meM antara spaSTa karate hae paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra likhate haiM ki "sUtra aura bhASya jaba donoM eka hI AcArya kI kRti hoM taba unameM paraspara asaMgati, arthabheda, matabheda athavA kisI prakAra kA virodha na honA cAhiye aura yadi unameM kahIM para aisI asaMgati, bheda athavA virodha pAyA jAtA hai to kahanA cAhie ki ve donoM eka hI AcAryako kRti nahIM haiM-unake kartA bhinna-bhinna haiaura isaliye sUtra kA vaha bhASya 'svopajJa' nahIM kahalA sktaa|" unake anusAra zvetAmbaroM ke tattvArthAdhigamasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aisI asaMgati, bheda athavA virodha pAyA jAtA hai / prathamataH zvetAmbarIya sUtrapATha meM prathama adhyAya kA 23vA~ satra nimna, prakAra hai yathoktanimittaH SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm /

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 45 isameM avadhijJAnake dvitIya bhedakA nAma 'yathoktanimittaH' diyA hai aura bhASya meM 'yathoktanimittaH kSayopazamanimitta ityarthaH ' aisA likhakara 'yathoktanimitta' kA artha 'kSayopazamanimitta' batalAyA hai; parantu 'yathokta' kA artha 'kSayopazama' kisI taraha bhI nahIM banatA / 'yathokta' kA sarvasAdhAraNa artha hotA hai - jaisA ki kahA gayA, parantu pUrvavartI kisI bho sUtra meM 'kSayopazamanimitta' nAma se avadhijJAna ke bheda kA koI ullekha nahIM hai aura na kahIM 'kSayopazama' zabda kA hI prayoga AyA hai, jisase 'yathokta' ke sAtha usakI anuvRtti lagAI jA sktii| aisI hAlata meM 'kSayopazamanimitta' ke artha meM 'yathoktanimitta' kA prayoga sUtrasandarbha ke sAtha asaMgata jAna par3atA hai / isake sivAya, 'dvividho'vadhi:' isa 21veM sUtra ke bhASya meM likhA hai- 'bhavapratyayaH kSayopazamanimittazca' aura isake dvArA avadhijJAna ke do bhedoM ke nAma kramazaH 'bhavapratyaya' aura 'kSayopazamanimitta ' batalAye haiM / 22 sUtra 'bhavapratyayo nArakadevAnAm' meM avadhijJAna ke prathama bheda kA varNana jaba bhASyanirdiSTa nAma ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai taba 23veM sUtra meM usake dvitIya bheda kA varNana bho bhASyanirdiSTa nAma ke sAtha honA cAhiye thA aura taba usa sUtra kA rUpa hotA - " kSayopazamanimitta: SaDvikalpaH zeSANAm", jaisA ki digambara sampradAya meM mAnya hai / parantu aisA nahIM hai, ataH ukta sUtra aura bhASya kI asaMgati spaSTa hai aura isaliye yaha kahanA hogA ki yA to 'yathoktanimittaH' pada kA prayoga hI galata hai aura yA isakA jo artha 'kSayopazamanimitta:' diyA hai vaha galata hai tathA 21veM sUtrake bhASya meM 'yathoktanimitta' nAma ko na dekara usake sthAna para 'kSayopazamanimitta' nAma kA denA bhI galata hai / donoM hI prakAra se sUtra aura bhASya kI pArasparika asaMgati meM koI antara mAlUma nahIM hotA / "" prastuta vivecana se AdaraNIya jugalakizora jo mUla aura bhASya meM jisa asaMgati ko dikhAnA cAhate haiM, vaha asaMgati to vahA~ kahIM parilakSita hI nahIM ho rahI hai - bhASya meM 'yathoktanimitta' ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki 'yathokta nimitta' kA tAtparyaM kSayopazama rUpa nimitta haiM / sambhavataH yahA~ mukhtAra jI yaha mAnakara cala rahe haiM ki bhASyakAra ne yathokta zabda kA artha kSayopazama kiyA hai jo kisI prakAra se nahIM banatA 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paNDita jugalakizora jI mukhtAra pR0 126-27 /

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46 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA hai aura isIlie ve bhASya aura mUla meM asaMgati mAna rahe haiM / kintu yahA~ bhASyakAra ne 'yathokta' zabda kA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM karake mAtra 'nimitta' zabda ko spaSTa kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki nimitta kA tAtparya kSayopazama rUpa nimitta hai| yahA~ mukhtAra jI ne isa satya ko samajhate hue bhI eka bhrAnti khaDI karake yena kena prakAreNa bhASya aura mUla meM asaMgati dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yathokta nimitta kA pUrA spaSTIkaraNa hai-kSayopazama ke nimitta AgamoM meM jaisI tapa sAdhanA batAyI gayA hai vaisI tapa sAdhanA se prApta hone vAlA arthAt sAdhanA janya avadhi jJAna / yahA~ mukhtAra jA kahate haiM ki yadi mUla sUtra meM 'yathokta' kahA to usake pahale tattvArtha ke kisI pUrva sUtra meM usakA ullekha honA cAhie thaa| kintu hameM dhyAna rakhanA hai ki umAsvAti to Agamika paramparA ke hai, ataH unakI dRSTi meM yathokta kA artha hai-Agamokta / vastutaH jo paramparA Agama ko hI nahIM mAnatI ho, usako sUtra meM prayukta yathokta zabda kA vAstavika tAtparya kaise samajha meM AyegA? isalie usane bhASya ke AdhAra para mUla meM hI pATha badala ddaalaa| cUMki avadhijJAnAvaraNa kA kSayopazama to bhavapratyaya meM bhI hotA hai, ataH sUtra evaM bhASyakAra ne kSayopazama zabda ko mUla meM na rakhakara bhASya meM rakhA tAki yaha bhrAnti paidA na ho ki bhavapratyaya binA kSayopazama ke ho ho jAtA hai / kSayopazama to donoM meM hai| mUla aura bhASya donoM meM saMgati kA paricAyaka jo mahattvapUrNa zabda hai vaha to 'nimitta' hai| usameM avadhijJAna ke do bheda hai-bhava-pratyaya aura nimitta janya aura yahA~ nimitta zabda kA artha prayatna yA tapa sAdhanA se hai / isalie 'yathokta nimitta'-isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai, kSayopazama hetU kI gaI Agamokta tapasAdhanA janya / bhavapratyaya aura guNapratyaya donoM ho avadhijJAna hote to hai avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se hI-kintu jahA~ prathama meM usa jJAna kI upalabdhi ke lie koI prayatna nahIM karanA hotA hai, vaha janmanA hotA hai vahIM dUsare ke lie prayatna yA sAdhanA karano hotI hai, ataH usI janma kI dRSTi se pahalA vipAka janya hai to dUsarA prayatna yA sAdhanA janya / isa prakAra bhASya meM 'yathokta' kA artha kSayopazama kiyA hI nahIM gayA hai ataH donoM meM asaMgati kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / yaha jAnakara duHkha hotA hai ki AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI isa spaSTa satya ko kyoM nahIM samajha pAye ? zAyada sampradAya kA vyAmoha hI isameM bAdhaka banA ho / punaH avadhijJAna se sambandhita ina donoM mUla sUtroM ke zvetAmbara bhASya mAnya aura digambara sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha ko dekheM to spaSTa ho jAtA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 47 hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ne bhASya ke AdhAra para hI mUla pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA hai| cUMki bhASya meM 'nimitta' kI vyAkhyA 'kSayopazama nimitta' thii| ataH unhoMne 'yathokta', jisakA tAtparya Agamokta thA, ko mUlapATha meM se haTAkara usake sthAna para kSayopazama nimitta aisA bhASya pATha rakha diyaa| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya yA digambara paramparA meM jo pATha badale gaye haiM-unakA AdhAra bho bhASya hI rahA hai| anyathA yahA~ 'guNa pratyaya' pATha rakhA jA sakatA thA / punaH sarvArthasiddhi meM sudharA huA adhika spaSTa pATha honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha bhASya se paravartI hai| yadyapi isa sudhAre gaye pATha meM 'yathokta' zabda haTa jAne se eka bhrAnti janma letI hai, vaha yaha ki kyA bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke binA hotA hai ? vastutaH 'yathokta nimittaH' mUla pATha bhavapratyaya avadhijJAna se guNapratyaya avidhajJAna kA antara jitanI adhika gaharAI se karatA hai, vaisA 'kSayopazama nimittaH' pATha nahIM kara pAtA hai| isameM yathokta zabda se avadhijJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke liye jisa Agamokta tapa sAdhanA kA nirdeza hotA thA, vaha samApta ho gayA aura isa prakAra spaSTatA ke prayAsa meM punaH eka bhrAnti hI khar3I ho gii| (iii) tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAkara unheM bhinna kartRka dikhAne ke prayatna meM AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI tIsarA tarka yaha dete zve0 sUtrapATha ke chaThe adhyAya kA chaThA sUtra hai"indriyakaSAyA'vatakriyAH paMcacatuHpaMcapaMcaviMzatisaMkhyAH pUrvasya bhedaaH|" digambara sUtrapATha meM isI ko naM0 5 para diyA hai| yaha satra zvetAmbarAcArya haribhadra kI TIkA aura siddhasenagaNI kI TIkA meM bhI isI prakAra se diyA huA hai / zvetAmbaroM kI usa purAnI saTippaNa prati meM bhI isakA yahI rUpa hai, jisakA prathama paricaya anekAnta ke tRtIya varSa kI prathama kiraNa meM prakAzita huA hai| isa prAmANika sUtrapATha ke anusAra bhASya meM pahale indriya kA, tadanantara kaSAya kA aura phira avrata kA vyAkhyAna honA cAhiye thA; parantu aisA na hokara pahale 'avata' kA aura avrata vAle tRtIya sthAna para indriya kA vyAkhyAna pAyA jAtA hai| yaha bhASyapaddhati ko dekhate sUtrakramollaMghana nAma kI eka asaMgati hai, jise siddhasenagaNI ne anya prakAra se dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jaisA ki paM0 sukhalAlajI ke ukta

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- 48 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA tattvArtha sUtra kI sUtrapATha se sambandha rakhane vAlI nimna TippaNI ( pR0 132 ) - se bhI pAyA jAtA hai :-- "siddhasena ko sUtra aura bhASya kI asaMgati mAlUma huI hai aura unhoMne isako dUra karane kI koziza bhI kI hai / " parantu jAna par3atA hai paM0 sukhalAlajI ko siddhasena kA vaha prayatna ucita nahIM ja~cA, aura isaliye unhoMne mUlasUtra meM usa sudhAra ko iSTa kiyA hai jo use bhASya ke anurUpa rUpa dekara 'avratakaSAyendriyakriyAH ' pada se prArambha hone vAlA banAtA hai| isa taraha yadyapi sUtra aura bhASya kI ukta asaMgati ko kahIM-kahIM para sudhArA gayA hai, parantu sudhAra kA yaha bAda kI kRti hone se yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki sUtra aura bhASya meM ukta asaMgati nahIM thI / yahA~ para maiM itanA aura bhI batalA denA cAhatA hU~ ki zvetAmbarIya AgamAdi purAtana granthoM meM bhI sAmparAyika Asrava ke bhedoM kA nirdeza indriya, kaSAya, avrata yoga aura kriyA isa sUtra nirdiSTa krama se pAyA jAtA hai; jaisA ki upAdhyAya muni zrI AtmArAmajI dvArA 'tattvArthasUtrajainAgamasamanvaya' meM uddhRta sthAnAMgasUtra aura navatattvaprakaraNa ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai : "paMcidiyA paNNattA cattArikasAyA paNNattA paMcaaviraya paNNattA" paMcavIsA kiriyA pnnnnttaa|" - sthAnAMga sthAna 2, uddezya 1 sU0 60 (?) "iMdiyakasAyaavvayajogA paMca cau paMca tinni kamA / " kiriyAo paNavIsaM imAo tAo aNukamaso ||" -navatattvaprakaraNa isase ukta sudhAra vaise bhI samucita pratIta nahIM hotA, vaha Agama ke | viruddha par3hegA aura isa taraha eka asaMgati se bacane ke liye dUsarI asaMgati ko Amantrita karanA hogA / " " yaha satya hai ki 'indriyakaSAyA'vrata kriyA' kI vivecanA meM bhASya meM krama-bheda hai / jahA~ sUtra meM indriya prathama aura avrata tRtIya sthAna para hai, 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra pR0 127-28 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 49 vahA~ bhASya meM avrata prathama aura indriya tIsare sthAna para hai, kintu yaha koI saiddhAntika asaMgati nahIM hai, vivecana meM krama kA antara hai| vismRti se bhASya likhate samaya yaha antara A gayA hogaa| krama kA yaha antara bhASya karate samaya AyA ho yA pratilipi karate samaya huA ho hama Aja kucha bhI nahIM kaha sakate / yaha satya hai ki siddhasenagaNi ko jo prati milI usame yaha antara thA / punaH bhASyakAra aura siddhasenagaNi meM bhI tIna-cAra sau varSa kA antara hai ataH aisI bhUla mukhAgra paramparA meM bhI ho sakatI hai kintu isa sabase yaha kahIM phalita nahIM hotA hai ki donoM meM saiddhAntika asaMgati hai| aisA krama bhaMga eka hI lekhaka kI do kRtiyoM meM bhI aneka bAra ho jAtA hai, ataH isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA anucita hogA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM hai / punaH zvetAmbara mAnya mUlapATha kI Agama se jo saMgati hai jise svayaM mukhtAra jI dikhA rahe haiM, vaha yahI siddha karatI hai ki mUlapATha Agamika paramparA ke anurUpa hai aura svArthasiddhi, rAjavAtika aura zlokavArtika ke pATha svayaM bhASya ke krama ke AdhAra para sudhAre gaye haiM, ataH paravartI bhI haiM / yadi ve kramabhaMga ko bahuta bar3I asaMgati mAnate haiM, to phira saMkhyA bheda to mahAna asaMgati hogI / inhIM Asrava ke kAraNoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM hI hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ kundakunda samayasAra meM 'pramAda' ko chor3akara mAtra mithyAtva, avrata, kaSAya aura yoga aise cAra kAraNa mAnate haiM, vahA~ tattvArtha mUla, sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavAtika, zlokavArtika, Adi sabhI pA~ca kAraNa mAnate haiN| kyA saMkhyA bheda kI isa asaMgati ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kundakunda aura sarvArthasiddhikAra eka hI paramparA ke nahIM ho sakate? vivecana meM krama kA vyatikrama yA saMkhyA bheda eka lekhaka kI kRti meM bhI sambhava hotA hai, ataH isa AdhAra para yaha kahanA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM hai, eka durAgraha hI hogaa| (iv) AdaraNIya mukhtArajI tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya meM eka asaMgati yaha bhI dikhAte haiM ki cauthe adhyAya kA cauthA sUtra isa prakAra hai "indra-sAmAnika-trAyastriza-pAriSadyA''tmarakSa-lokapAlA-'nIkaprakIrNakA-''bhiyogya-kilviSikAzcaikazaH / ' isa sUtra meM pUrvasUtrake nirdezAnusAra devanikAyoM meM devoM ke daza bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / parantu bhASya meM 'tadyathA' zabda ke sAtha una bhedoM ko jo ginAyA hai usameM daza ke sthAna para nimna gyAraha bheda de diye haiM :

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50 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA "tadyathA, indrAH sAmAnikAH trAyastrizAH pAriSadyAH AtmarakSAH lokapAlAH anIkAdhipatayaH anIkAni prakIrNakAH AbhiyogyAH kilviSikAzceti / " ___isa bhASya meM 'anIkAdhipatayaH' nAma kA jo nayA bheda diyA hai vaha sUtrasaMgata nahIM hai / isI se siddhasenagaNI bhI likhate haiM ki "sUtre cAnIkAnyevopAttAni sUriNA nAnIkAdhipatayaH, bhASye punarupanyastAH / " ___ arthAt-sUtra meM to AcArya ne anIkoM kA hI grahaNa kiyA hai anIkAdhipatiyoM kA nhiiN| bhASya meM usakA punaH upanyAsa kiyA gayA hai| ve mAnata haiM ki isase sUtra aura bhASya meM jo virodha AtA hai, usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / siddhasenagaNI ne isa virodha kA kucha parimArjana karane ke liye jo yaha kalpanA kI hai ki bhASyakAra ne anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM ke ekatva kA vicAra karake aisA bhASya kara diyA jAna par3atA hai, vaha ThIka mAlama nahIM hotI; kyoMki anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM kI ekatA kA vaisA vicAra yadi bhASyakAra ke dhyAna meM hotA to vaha anIkoM aura anIkAdhipatiyoM ke liye alaga-alaga padoM kA prayoga karake saMkhyAbheda ko utpanna na krtaa| bhASya meM to donoM kA svarUpa bhI alagaalaga diyA gayA hai jo donoM kI bhinnatA kA dyotana karatA hai| yoM to deva aura devAdhipati (indra) yadi eka hoM to phira 'indra' kA alaga bheda karanA bhI vyartha ThaharatA hai| parantu daza bhedoM meM indra kI alaga gaNanA kI gaI hai, isase ukta kalpanA ThIka mAlama nahIM hotii| siddhasenagaNi bhI apanI isa kalpanA para dRr3ha mAlUma nahIM hote, isI se unhoMne Age calakara likha diyA hai-"anyathA vA dazasaMkhyA bhidyaita'-athavA yadi aisA nahIM hai to daza kI saMkhyA kA virodha AtA hai| ___ yahA~ AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI anIka (sainika) aura anokAdhipati meM bheda dikhAkara yaha siddha karanA cAhate haiM ki jahA~ mUlasUtra meM deva pariSad ke dasa prakAra dikhAye haiM, vahA~ bhASya meM anIka (sainika) aura anIkAdhipati ko alaga-alaga mAnane para gyAraha bheda ho jAte haiN| mukhtAra jI kA eka tarka yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra indra (deva-adhipati) aura devoM meM 1. "tadekatvamevAnokAnIkAdhipatyoH paricintya vivRtameva bhASyakAreNa / " 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR0 128-29

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 51 bheda hai, usI prakAra anIkAdhipati aura anoka meM bheda hai aura yaha bheda mAna lene para sUtra aura bhASya kI devapariSad kI saMkhyA meM antara A jAtA hai| jaba sUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra eka hI hai to yaha antara honA nahIM cAhiye" / sarvaprathama to hamArI samajha meM yaha nahIM AtA ki mUla meM anIka aura bhASya meM anIka evaM anIkAdhipati aisA bheda hone para kauna-sI bahata bar3I asaMgati ho jAtI hai| koI bhI vyAkhyAkAra vyAkhyA meM kisI bheda ke upabheda kI carcA to kara hI sakatA hai| punaH kyA isa prakAra bheda aura upabhedoM kI carcA digambara vyAkhyAkAroM ne nahIM kI hai ? jaba ve nikSepa kI carcA karate haiM to kyA sthApanA ke sAkAra-sthApanA aura anAkArasthApanA aise do bheda nahIM karate haiM ? aura koI Agraha pUrvaka yaha kahe ki sAkAra aura anAkAra aisI do sthApanA hone se vyAkhyA meM nikSepa ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye hai ataH vyAkhyA aura mUla meM asaMgati hai ? aise to eka do nahIM saikar3oM asaMgatiyA~ kisI bhI mUlagrantha aura usake bhASya yA TokA meM dikhAI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM anoka (sainika) ke bhASya meM anIka sainika) aura anIkAdhipati (senApati) aise do bheda karane se na to devapariSad kI dasa saMkhyA meM koI abhivRddhi hotI hai aura na bhASya aura mUla meM koI asaMgati hI AtI hai / anIka aura anIkAdhipati kA bheda rAjA aura prajA ke bheda se bhinna hai-rAjA prajA nahIM hotA hai, svAmI sevaka nahIM hotA hai kintu senApati anivArya rUpa se sainika hotA hI hai ataH mukhtAra jI ne apane mata kI puSTi hetu jo udAharaNa diyA hai vaha svataH hI asaMgata hai| aise asaMgata udAharaNa dekara to kahI bhI asaMgati dikhAI jA sakatI hai / yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki senA kA koI bhI adhikArI sainika hotA hI hai| ataH mukhtAra jI dvArA dikhAI gaI yaha asaMgati nirasta ho jAtI hai| punaH yadi ve kahe ki indra bhI to deva hotA hai aura jaba usakI gaNanA to alaga se kI gaI hai to phira senApati kI sainika se alaga parigaNanA karanA cAhiye, to hamArA uttara yaha hai ki yaha devapariSad ke prakAroM kI carcA hai isaliye indra aura usakI pariSad ke sAmAnika Adi devoM ko alaga ginA gayA / uso pariSad kA eka aMga hai-sainika deva (anIka) / jaba deva senA ke aMgoM kI carcA karanA ho to sainika evaM senApati Adi kI alaga-alaga gaNanA karanA caahiye| vaise to sainika devoM ke varga meM senApati svataH ho samAhita hai ataH anIka aura anIkAdhipati ko alaga-alaga mAnakara mUla aura bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAnA anucita hai|

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52 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA (v) punaH tattvArtha ke zvetAmbaramAnya mUla pATha aura usake bhASya meM asaMgati dikhAte hue AdaraNIya mukhtAra jo likhate haiM ki "zve0 sUtrapAThake cauthe adhyAya kA 26vA~ sUtra nimna prakAra hai"sArasvatAdityabanhyaruNagardatoyatuSitAvyAbAdhamahato'riSTAzca / " isameM lokatAntika devoM ke sArasvata, Aditya, vahni, aruNa, gardatoya, tuSita, avyAbAdha, maruta aura ariSTaH aise nava bheda batalAye haiM, parantu bhASyakAra ne pUrva sUtrake bhASya meM aura isa sUtra ke bhASya meM bho lokAntika devoM ke bheda ATha hI batalAye haiM aura unheM pUrvAdi ATha dizA-vidizAoM meM sthita sUcita kiyA hai; jaisA ki donoM sUtroMke nimna bhASyoM meM prakaTa hai : "brahmaloka paravRpA'TA dikSu kA bhanti / tadyathA-" "ete sArasvatAdayo'STavidhA devA brahmalokandha pUtirAdiSu dikSu pradakSiNaM bhavanti yathAsaMkhyam / " isase sUtra aura bhASyakA bheda spaSTa hai| siddhasenagaNI aura paM0 sukhalAlajI ne bhI isa bheda ko svIkAra kiyA hai| jaisA ki unake nimnavAkyoM se prakaTa hai "nanvevamete navabhedA bhavanti, bhAjyakatA vA'vidhA iti mudritaaH|" __ "ina do sUtroM ke mUlabhASya meM lokAntika devoMke ATha hI bheda batalAye haiM, nava nhiiN|" ____ isa viSaya meM siddhasenagaNI to yaha kahakara chuTTI pA gaye haiM ki lokAnta meM rahane vAloM ke ye ATha bheda jo bhASyakAra sUri ne aMgIkAra kiye haiM ve riSTavimAna ke prastAra meM rahanevAloM kI apekSA navabhedarUpa ho jAte haiM, Agama meM bhI nava bheda kahe haiM, isameM kAI doSa nahIM paranta mala sUtra meM jaba svayaM sutrakAra ne nava bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai taba apane hI bhASya meM unhoMne nava bhedoM kA ullekha na karake ATha bhedoM kA hI ullekha kyoM kiyA hai, isakA ve koI mAkUla ( yuktiyukta ) vajaha nahIM batalA ske| isI se paM0 sukhalAlajo ko usa prakAra se kahakara chaTo pA lenA ucita nahIM U~cA aura isaliye unhoMne bhASya ko svopajJatA meM bAdhA na 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizad prakAza, pR0 128-29 / 2. 'ucyate-lokAntavartinaH eteSTabhedAH sUriNopAttAH riSTavimAnaprastAravarti bhinavadhA bhvntiitydossH| Agame tu navardhavAdhItA iti / "

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 53 par3ane dene ke khayAla se yaha kaha diyA hai ki-"yahA~ mUla sUtra meM 'maruto' pATha pIche se prakSipta huA hai|" parantu isake liye ve koI pramANa upasthita nahIM kara sake / jaba prAcIna se prAcIna zvetAmbarIya TIkA meM 'maruto' pATha svIkRta kiyA gayA hai taba use yoM hI digambara pATha ko bAta ko lekara prakSipta nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sUtra tathA bhASya ke ina cAra namUnoM aura unake ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki sUtra aura bhASya donoM eka hI AcArya kI kRti nahIM hai aura isaliye zve0 bhASya ko 'svopajJa' nahIM kahA jA sktaa|" ___isa carcA meM jo asaMgati AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI dikhA rahe haiM vaha yaha hai ki bhASyamAnya mUla sUtra meM lokAMtika devoM ke nau prakAra ullekhita hai jabaki bhASya mAtra ATha prakAroM kI carcA karatA hai| pU0 siddhasenagaNi aura paM0 mukhalAla jI donoM ne isa saMkhyAgata bhinnatA kA nirdeza kiyA kiyA hai| kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ki bhASya svopajJa nahIM ayuktisaMgata hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki bhASyakAra ke samakSa jo mUla pATha rahA hogA usameM to ATha ho prakAroM kA ullekha rahA hogA-anyathA ve bhASya meM ATha kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza hI kyoM karate? jaisI ki paM0 sukhalAla jo ne kalpanA kI hai, bAda meM kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne mUlapATha kI samavAyAMga se saMgati dikhAne hetu usameM maruta ko jor3akara yaha saMkhyA nau kara dI / jaba yApanIya aura digambara AcAryoM ne aneka pATha badala DAle, to kisI paravartI zvetAmbara AcArya ne kahIM eka nAma prakSipta kara diyA to mUla evaM bhASya meM bahuta bar3o asaMgati ho gaI-yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba bhASyakara ke samakSa mUlapATha meM ATha ho nAma the, to phira asaMgati kahA~ huI ? bhASyakAra ne to kisI eka sthala para bhI mUla pATha se apanI asaMgati kI carcA nahIM ko| jabaki siddhasena gaNi ne jahA~ bhI mUlapATha athavA Agama se bhASya meM koI bhinnatA dikhAI dI, usako carcA kI hai / jo prAcIna zvetAmbara AcAryoM ko bauddhika ImAnadArI ko sUcita karatA haiN| punaH yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA cAhe ATha mAne yA nau mAne donoM hI Agama sammata hai| samavAyAMga donoM matoM kA nirdeza karatA hai| ATha kI saMkhyA bho Agama saMgata hai| ataH bhASya kI na to mUlapATha se aura na Agama se koI asaMgati hai / jo asaMgati AI hai vaha paravartI prakSepa ke kAraNa AI hai, yadyapi yaha prakSepa kaba huA

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54 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA aura kisane kiyA yaha kahanA kaThina hai-phira bhI siddhasenagaNi ko malaaura bhASya kI jo prati milI, usameM yaha prakSepa avazya thaa| yadyapi yaha prakSepa bhI Agama saMgata hai, Agama viruddha nhiiN| lagatA hai ki zvetAmbaroM meM jaba lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA nau mAna lI gaI tabhI kisI ne bhASya kA vicAra kiye binA hI mUlapATha meM 'maruta' zabda prakSipta kara diyA hogaa| yaha prakSepa bhI lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI ke pUrva ho huA hogA kyoMki siddhasena gaNi usase avagata hai| Aja usa yuga ko koI bhI prati upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH usake pramANIkaraNa kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai| kintu bhASya evaM sarvArtha siddhi Adi meM jo pATha hai ve hI isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki yaha prakSepa huA hai| sarvArtha siddhi kA pATha saMzodhana kyoM? __ hamAre digambara paramparA ke vidvAn pUrva paramparA ke yA usake dvArA mAnya granthoM yathA-tattvArtha, tattvArthabhASya, prazamarati aura Agama meM paraspara asaMgatiyA~ dikhAkara yaha siddha karanA cAhate hai ki unameM paraspara virodha hai, ataH ve bhinna kRtaka aura bhinna paramparA ke haiN| kintu unheM smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki asaMgatiyA~ sarvatra hai| sarvArthasiddhi kI digambara paramparA meM kitanI asaMgatiyA~ aura kitane pAThabheda the, yaha saba hameM batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| svayaM paM0phUlacandajI kI prastAvanA hI isakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| ve likhate haiM-"vizeSa vAcana ke samaya mere dhyAna meM AyA ki sarvArtha siddhi meM aise kaI sthala haiM jinheM usakA mUla bhAga mAnane meM sandeha hotA hai| kintu jaba koI vAkya, vAkyAMza, pada yA padAMza lipikAra kI asAvadhAnI yA anya kAraNa se kisI grantha kA mUla bhAga bana jAtA hai taba phira use binA AdhAra ke pRthak karane meM kAphI ar3acana kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| ____ yaha to spaSTaM hI hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda ne tattvArtha sUtra prathama adhyAya ke 'nirdezasvAmitva' aura 'satsaMkhyA' ina do sUtroM kI vyAkhyA SaTkhaNDAgama ke AdhAra se kI hai| yahA~ kevala yaha dekhanA hai ki ina sUtroM kI vyAkhyA meM kahIM koI zithilatA to nahIM Ane pAI aura yadi zithilatA cihna daSTigocara hote haiM to usakA kAraNa kyA hai ? ____ nirdezasvAmitva'-sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate samaya AcArya pUjyapAda ne cAroM gatiyoM ke Azraya se samyagdarzana ke svAmI kA nirdeza kiyA hai| vahA~ tiyaciniyoM meM kSAyika samyagdarzana ke abhAva ke samarthana meM pUrva mudrita pratiyoM meM yaha vAkya upalabdha hai

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 55 'kuta ityukte manuSyaH karmabhUmija eva darzanamohakSapaNaprArambhako bhavati / kSapaNaprArambhakAlAtpUrva tiryakSu' baddhAyuSko'pi uttamabhogabhUmitirSakpuruSapvevotpadyate na tiryastroNAM; dravyavedastrINAM tAsAM kSAyikAsambhavAt / evaM tirazcAmapyaparyAptakAnAM kSAyopazamikaM jJeyaM na paryAptakAnAm / ' yahA~ 'dravyavedastrINAM' yaha vAkya racanA Agama paripATI ke anukUla nahIM hai ataeva bhramotpAdaka bhI hai, kyoMki Agama meM tiryaJca, tiryaJcinI aura manuSya, manuSyano aise bheda karake vyavasthA kI gaI hai tathA ina saMjJAoM kA mUla AdhAra veda noSAya kA udaya batalAyA gayA hai| hamAre sAmane yaha prazna thA / hama bahuta kAla se isa vicAra meM the ki yaha vAkya grantha kA mUla bhAga hai yA kAlAntara meM usakA aMga banA hai| tAttvika vicAraNA se bAda bhI isake nirNaya kA mukhya AdhAra hastalikhita prAcIna pratiyA~ hI thiiN| tadanusAra hamane uttara bhArata aura dakSiNa bhArata kI pratiyoM kA saMkalana kara zaMkAsthaloM kA mudrita pratiyoM se milAna karanA prArambha kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa hamAro dhAraNA sahI nikalI / yadyapi saba pratiyoM meM isa vAkya kA abhAva nahIM hai para unameM se kucha prAcIna pratiyA~ aisI bhI thIM jinameM yaha vAkya nahIM upalabdha hotA hai|" yaha 'dravyavedastrINAM' pATha paNDita jI ko vastutaH isaliye khaTakA ki Age calakara stro mukti niSedha kI avadhAraNA ke samarthana meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke manuSyanI zabda kI vyAkhyA meM usakA jo bhAva strI artha lAyA gayA hai, vaha isake virodha meM jAtA hai| dUsarA pakSa yahA~ yaha kaha sakatA thA ki sarvArthasiddhi meM to 'strI' kA artha dravya veda kiyA hai Apa bhAva strI kaise karate haiM / ataH paNDitajI ne malapATha meM se dravyaveda strI zabda hI purAno prati ke nAma para haTA diyA / yadyapi ve yaha nahIM batA sake ki yaha pATha kisa prati meM nahIM milatA hai / Age punaH paNDita jI likhate haiM___ "isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM dUsarA vAkya 'kSAyika punarbhAvavedenaiva' mudrita huA hai / yahA~ manuSyiniyoM ke prakaraNa se yaha vAkya AtA hai / batalAyA yaha gayA hai ki paryApta manuSyiniyoM ke hI tInoM samyagdarzanoM ko prApti sambhava hai, aparyApta manuSyiniyoM ke nhiiN|' nizcayataH manuSyinI ke kSAyika samyagdarzana bhAvaveda kI mukhyatA se hI kahA hai yaha dyotika karane ke lie isa vAkya kI sRSTi kI gaI hai| kintu yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki Agama meM 'manuSyinI' pada strIveda ke 1. sarvArthasiddhi saM0 paM0 phUlacandrajI prastAvanA pR0 1-7 /

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56 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA udayavAle manuSya gati jIva ke lie ho AtA hai / jo loka meM nArI, mahilA yA strI Adi zabdoM ke dvArA vyavahRta hotA hai, Agama ke anusAra manuSyanI zabda kA artha usase bhinna hai / aisI avasthA meM ukta vAkya ko mUla kA mAna lene para manuSyinI zabda ke do artha mAnane par3ate haiM / usakA athaM to strI veda kA udayavAlA manuSya jIva hotA hI hai aura dUsarA artha mahilA mAnanA par3atA hai cAhe usake strI veda kA udaya ho yA na ho / aisI mahilA ko bhI jisake stro veda kA udaya hotA hai manuSyanI kahA jA sakatA hai aura usake kSAyika samyagdarzana kA niSedha karane ke lie yaha vAkya AyA hai, yadi yaha kahA jAya to isa kathana meM kucha bho tathyAMza nahIM pratIta hotA, kyoMki jaisA ki hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki Agama meM manuSyanI zabda bhAvaveda kI mukhyatA se hI prayukta huA hai, ataeva vaha kevala apane artha meM ho caritArtha hai / anya ApattiyoM kA vidhiniSedha karanA usakA kAma nahIM hai / " kintu bhAvaveda arthAt strI sambandhI kAmavAsanA vAlI strI meM kSAyika samyak darzana mAnanA paNDita jI ko kadApi iSTa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki yaha strI mukti kA sAdhaka banatA ataH paNDita jI ne yaha likhakara - 'hamane isa vAkya para bhI paryApta UhApoha kara saba pratiyoM meM isakA anusandhAna kiyA hai / pratiyoM ke milAna karane se jJAta huA ki yaha vAkya bhI saba pratiyoM meM nahIM upalabdha hotA / ' isa kathana se bhI apanA pIchA chur3A liyA aura bhI aise sabhI prasaMga jahA~ unheM AMtarika asaMgati yA paramparA se virodha parilakSita huA inhIM pATha bhedoM ke nAma para haTA diye / AdaraNIya paNDita jI ne usakI carcA apanI bhUmikA meM kI hai / pAThaka pRSTha 1 se 7 taka dekha sakate haiM / sarvArthasiddhi prathama saMskaraNa kallappA bharamappA niTave ne kolhApura se prakAzita kiyA thaa| dUsarA saMskaraNa zrI motIcandra gotamacandra koThArI ne solApura se prakAzita kiyA hai| tIsarA saMskaraNa paM0 baMzodhara jI solApura vAloM ne sampAdita karake prakAzita kiyA hai / yadyapi paNDita phUlacanda jI spaSTataH yaha mAnate haiM ki anya saMskaraNoM kI apekSA yaha saMskaraNa adhika zuddha hai / phira bhI paM0 phUlacanda jI ko aneka sthaloM para pATha badalane par3e haiM- Akhira kyoM ? kevala apanI mAnyatA se saMgati ke liye ? isa sambandha meM ve svayaM likhate haiM ki adhikatara hastalikhita pratiyoM meM yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki pIche se aneka sthaloM para viSayoM ko spaSTa karane lie anya granthoM ke zloka, gAthA, vAkyAMza yA svatantra TippaNiyA~ jor3a. 1. paM0 phUlacanda jI kA yaha kathana svataH hI Atma virodhI hai /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 57 dI jAtI haiM aura kAlAntarameM ve grantha kA aGga bana jAtI haiM / sarvArthasiddhi meM yaha vyatyaya bahata hI mAtrA meM haA hai| paMDita jI ne isa vyatyaya ko miTAne hetu kitanA parivartana kiyA hai, isa sambandha meM hama apanI ora se kucha na kahakara mAtra unake dvArA prastuta sUcI hI nIce de rahe haiMpR0 paM0 purAnI mudrita prati prastuta saMskaraNa 3 3 -vat / evaM vyastajJAnA- -vat vyastaM jJAnA6 1 svayaM pazyati dRzyeta'neneti pazyati dRzyate'nena 6 1 jJaptimAtraM jJAtimAtraM 17 4 puruSAkArA puruSakArA18 1 -rthAnAmajIvAnAMnAmA- -rthAnAM nAmA19 1 -vidhinA nAmazabdA- -vidhinA zabdA20 1 tattvaM pramANebhyo tattvaM pramANAmyAm 29 6 -nirdezaH / prazaMsA -nirdezaH / sa prazaMsA30 2 saMkSeparucayaH / apare saMkSeparucayaH / kecit vistara rucayaH / apare 34 1 dvividhA sAmAnyena tAvat dvividhA sAmAnyena vizeSaNa ca / sAmAnyena tAvat 44 5 -saMkhyeyabhAgaH -saMkhyeyA bhAgAH 49 7 -spRSTaH aSTau nava catu- spRSTaH aSTau catu50 3 -khyeyabhAgaH spRSTaH / sAsAdana--khyemabhAgaH / asaMyata samyagdRSTibhiH lokasyAsaMkhyeyabhAgA aSTau nava caturdaza bhAgA vA dezonAH samyagmithyAdRSTayAdyanivRttibAdarAntAnAM sAmAnyoktaM sparzanam / asaMyata59 2 -khyeyaH kAlaH / vana- - khyeyA lokAH / vana64 11 -jJinAM mithyAdRSTe nA- -jJinAM nAnAM71 10 -bhyadhike / caturNA -bhyadhike / asaMyatasamyagdRSTayAdyapramattAntAnAM nAnAjIvApekSayA nAstyantaram / ekajIvaM prati jghnyenaantmuhuurtH| utkarSeNa dve sAgaropamasahasra pUrvakoTIpRthaktvairabhyadhike / caturNA

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58 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA - bhAgA asaMkhyeyA utsa - - saMyatA saMkhye 89 7 - bhAvaH / indriyaM pratyucyate / paJcendriyAdye kendriyAntA uttarottaraM bahavaH paJce- bhAvaH kAryaM pratyucyate / sarvatastejaH -- kAyikA alpAH / tato bahavaH pRthivI - kAyikAH / tato'pyapkAyikAH / tato vAtakAyikAH / sarvato'nantaguNA vana-spatavaH / trasa906 - dRSTayo'saMkhyeyaguNAH / mati 83 7 88 7 89 5 : 9 9 15 91 12 92 1 92 2 92 7 90 92 9 92 10 93 11 94 1 98 1 983 98 5 100 1 - yatAH saMkhye - - STayaH saMkhye --- - dRSTayo'saMkhye - saMyatA saMkhye - - dRSTayaH saMkhye - - dRSTayo'saMkhye -yatAH saMkhye - -yatAH saMkhye - - bahutvam / vipakSe ekaikaguNasthAnagrahaNAt / saMjJA- svamarthAnmanyate aneneti tat -lpAjJAnabhAvaH ajJAnanAzo ww - dhigame anya - hetuH tatsvarUpa - - tyarthaH upamAnArthApatyAdInA matraivAntarbhAvAduktasya - jJAnamapi prati 103 3 104 1 evaM prasaktyA Aptasya - bhAgo'saMkhyeyA saMkhyeyA utsa - saMyatA asaMkhye-- - bhAvaH / paJce - --bhAvaH / trasa - dRSTyo'nantaguNAH vibhaMgajJAniSu sarvataH stokAH sAsAdanasamyagdRSTayaH / mithyAdRSTo'saMkhyeyaguNAH / matiyatAH asaMkhye - STayaH asaMkhye - dRSTayaH saMkhye -- saMyatA asaMkhye- dRSTayo'saMkhye-- -- dRSTayaH saMkhye - --yatAH asaMkhye-- -yatAH asaMkhye-- - bahutvam / saMjJA - svamartho manyate anena tat --lpAjJAnanAzo - dhigame ca anya - hetuH svasvarUpatyarthaH / uktasya - jJAnamakSameva prati evaM sati Aptasya ww

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 59 107 2 saMjJAH / sama saMjJAH / sama107 4 nAtivartata iti nAtivartanta iti 110 1 -rgataM karaNamityu -rgataHkaraNamantaHkaraNamityu 111 6 ptaaketi| patAkA veti / 111 7 apaitasya avetasya 113 7 bahuSu bahuvidheSvapi bahuSvapi bahutvamasti bahu vidheSvapi 117 3 dvitrisiktaH dvitrAsiktaH 117 5 dvivyAdiSu dvivAdiSu 120 5 pratItyA vyu pratItya vyu131 3 tAbhyAm / tayoH tAbhyAM vizuddhayapratipAtA bhyAm / tayoH 134 10 nArUpeSviti nArUpiSviti 140 1 -jJAnamavadhyajJAnaM jJAnaM vibhaMgajJAnaM 140 8 -pravaNaprayogo pravaNaH prayogo jJAtavya hai ki yaha bhI sampUrNa sUcI nahIM hai / iso adhyAya ke 'dravyaveda -strINAM' Adi parivartita pAThoM kA bhI isameM samAveza nahIM hai / vastutaH paNDita phalacandajI ne savArthasiddhi meM pAThAntara ke nAma para jo itanA adhika parivartana kara DAlA, hamArI dRSTi meM vaha mAtra pAThabheda se sambandhita hI nahIM hai, vaha to siddhAnta bheda se bhI sambandhita hai| unako jahA~ kahIM bhI savArthasiddhi ke pATha vartamAna digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke pratikUla lage, unhoMne ve sabhI pATha pAThazuddhi ke nAma para badala ddaale| Agama meM dravyaveda kA tAtparya sadaiva ho strI-zarIra (strIliMga) se aura bhAvabheda kA tAtparya stro sambandho kAmavAsanA ( strIveda) se mAnA gayA thA, ataH sarvArthasiddhi kAra ne manuSyanI kA artha dravyastro kiyA / kintu aisA mAnya kara lene para SaTkhaNDAgama kI strImukti kI avadhAraNA kA niSedha karane hetu Age calakara usakI dhavalA TIkA meM jo bhAva-strI kI carcA uThI hai-usase sarvArthasiddhi kA mantavya bhinna ho jAtA / ataH paNDita jI ne sarvArthasiddhi kA pATha hI badala DAlA / kyoMki yadi ve manuSyaNI kA tAtparya dravya-strI mAnate jaisA sarvArthasiddhikAra ne mAnA hai, to SaTkhaNDAgama ko dhavalA TIkA meM bhI manuSyaNo kA artha dravyastrI hI mAnanA hotA aura phira stro-mukti niSedha kI digambara paramparA kI avadhAraNA hI khaNDita ho jaatii| isa prakAra pUjyapAda jisa bhAvI

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60 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA samasyA ko nahIM dekha sake the, paNDita jI ne use dekha liyA aura apanI paramparA ko sudRr3ha karane hetu sarvArthasiddhi kA pATha badala ddaalaa| isI prakAra pAThabheda ke nAma para aneka sthaloM para unhoMne yA to 'a' jor3akara yA 'a' haTAkara pAThoM ko viparIta arthavAlA bhI banA diyA, kevala prathama adhyAya meM hI unhoMne aneka sthaloM para yaha upakrama kiyA hai| sabase adhika Azcarya to yaha hai ki paNDitajI ko jina-jina sthaloM para aisI zaMkAye uTho thoM una sabhI zaMkita sthaloM kA samAdhAna unheM kisI na kisI prati meM mila gayA / jo ki kisI bhI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM ho sakatA hai / punaH Adara goya paNDitajI ko spaSTarUpa se yaha bhaya thA ki koI unase yaha pUcha sakatA thA ki kauna sA zuddha pATha Apako kisa prati meM milA / isase bacane kA upAya bhI AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne DhUMr3ha nikaalaa| unhoMne golamola uttara diyA aura phira kaha diyA ki prati paricaya kho gayA / pratyeka zaMkita sthala para paNDitajI kA uttara hotA hai "yadyapi saba pratiyoM meM isa vAkya kA abhAva nahIM hai, parantu unameM kucha prAcIna pratiyA~ aisI bhI thI jinameM yaha vAkya nahIM upalabdha hotA hai|" "isa vAkya para bhI uhApoha kara saba pratiyoM meM anusaMdhAna kiyA hai| pratiyoM ke milAna karane para jJAta huA ki yaha vAkya bhI sabhI pratiyoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai / '' lagabhaga sabhI jagaha isI prakAra ke uttara haiN| mAtra eka sthala para prati ke ullekha ke sAtha uttara diyaa| yadi eka sthala para prati ke ullekha sahita uttara diyA gayA, to anyatra kyoM nahIM diyA? anta meM paNDitajI ne apane pUre bacAva ke liye likha diyA-"sarvArthasiddhi ko sampAdita hokara prakAza meM Ane meM AvazyakatA se adhika samaya lagA hai| itane lambe kAla ke bhItara hameM aneka bAra gRha parivartana karanA par3A hai aura bhI kaI ar3acane AI haiN| isa kAraNa hama apane saba kAgajAta surakSita nahIM rakha sake"una kAgajAtoM meM prati paricaya bhI thaa| isIlie pratiyoM kA jo pUrA paricaya hamane likha rakhA thA vaha to isa samaya hamAre sAmane nahIM hai aura ve pratiyA~ bhI hamAre sAmane nahIM, jinake AdhAra se hamane kArya kiyA thaa|" jisa prakAra pUrva meM digambara vidvAnoM ne khaTakhaNDAgama ke apanI paramparA ke viparIta mUlapATha badala DAle the, yadyapi bAda meM dUsare saMskaraNa 1. sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 50 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, prastAvanA pR07 / 2. vahI, pR0 7

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 61 : meM unheM punaH sammilita karanA pdd'aa| usI prakAra kA kucha upakrama sarvArthasiddhi ke sambandha meM AdaraNIya paNDita phUlacanda jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra sarvArthasiddhi kI prAcIna mudrita prati meM bhASya kA jo aMza thA vaha bhI kyoM nikAla diyA gayA yaha vicAraNIya hai / vicAra - vikAsa kI dRSTi se sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArtha bhASya kA pUrvAparatva 1 zvetAmbara vidvAnoM vizeSarUpa se paM0 sukhalAlajI Adi ne tattvArtha kI digambara AcAryoM kI TIkAoM meM upalabdha vaicArika vikAsa jaiseguNasthAna, saptabhaMgI, pramANacarcA, stromukti niSedha, kevalabhukti niSedha Adi ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki tattvArthabhASya ko apekSA ye sabhI TIkAe~ paravartI haiM, kyoMki ina sabhI meM eka vaicArika vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai / digambara vidvAnoM ke dvArA isa tathya kA koI spaSTa samAdhAna de pAnA to isalie sambhava nahIM thA, kyoMki ina TokA granthoM meM paga-paga para vaicArika vikAsa ke tathya parilakSita hote haiM / phira bhI yenakena prakAreNa sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA tattvArthabhASya meM artha vikAsa ko dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / isa sambandha meM paM0 phUlacandra jI siddhAntazAstro apanI sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki "kahIM kahIM vastuke vivecana meM tattvArthabhASya meM artha vikAsa ke spaSTa darzana hone se bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai / udAharaNArtha - dasaveM adhyAya meM 'dharmAstikAyA - bhAvAt' sUtra AtA hai| isake pahale yaha batalA Aye haiM ki mukta jIva amuka kAraNa se Upara lokake anta taka jAtA hai| prazna hotA hai ki vaha isake Age kyoM nahIM jAtA hai aura isI ke uttarasvarUpa isa sUtra kI racanA huI hai / kintu yadi TIkA ko chor3akara kevala sUtroM kA pATha kiyA jAya to yahA~ jAkara rukanA par3atA hai aura mana meM yaha zaMkA banI hI rahatI hai ki dharmAstikAya na hone se AcArya kyA batalAnA cAhate haiM / sUtrapATha ko yaha sthiti vAcaka umAsvAti ke dhyAna meM AI aura unhoMne isa sthiti ko sApha karane kI dRSTi se hI use sUtra na mAnakara bhASya kA aMga banAyA hai / yaha kriyA spaSTataH bAda meM kI gaI jAna par3atI hai / isI prakAra isI adhyAya ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya dUsare sUtra ko liijie| isake pahale mohanIya Adi karmoM ke abhAva se kevalajJAna ko utpatti kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / kintu inakA abhAva kyoM hotA hai isakA samucita uttara usa sUtra se nahIM milatA aura na hI sarvArthasiddhikAra isa prazna ko sparza karate haiM / kintu vAcaka umAsvAti ko yaha truTi khaTakatI hai / phalasvarUpa ye sarvArthasiddhi

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62 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA mAnya 'bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH' isa sUtra ke pUrvArdha ko svataMtra aura uttarArdha ko svataMtra sUtra mAnakara isa kamI kI pUrti karate haiM / sarvArthasiddhi meM jaba ki isakA sambandha kevala 'kRtsnakarmavipramokSaH' pada ke sAtha jor3A gayA hai vahA~ vAcaka umAsvAti ise pUrvasUtra aura uttarasUtra donoMke lie batalAte haiN|" ___isa prakAra paM0 phUlacandrajI sarvaprathama yaha dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki muktAtmA lokAgra se Age kyoM nahIM jAtA hai, isake samAdhAna hetu bhASya meM dharmAstikAyAbhAvavAt jo vyAkhyA AyI hai vaha bAda meM AyI hai aura unakI dRSTi meM to umAsvAti ne sarvArthasiddhi mAnyapATha ke AdhAra para hI ise grahaNa kiyA hai, phira bhI ise sUtra ke rUpa meM mAnakara bhASya kA aMga banAyA hai| isa carcA meM hameM dekhanA hogA ki artha-vikAsa yA vicAravikAsa kahA~ hai ? sarvaprathama to yadi hama isa sandarbha meM bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya mUla pATha ko dekheM to spaSTa lagatA hai ki bhASyamAna mUlapATha meM to yaha sUtra hai hI nahIM, jabaki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM yaha sUtra hai| yadi umAsvAti ne ise sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha se liyA hotA to use mUlasUtra hI kyoM nahIM rakhA, bhASya meM ise kyoM le gaye ? sarvArthasiddhi meM vaha mUlasUtra thA hI, phira unheM mUlasatra rakhane meM kyA Apatti thI? yaha nizcita satya hai ki kathana ko tArkika pUrNatA pradAna karane ke lie isa tathya kA ullekha honA Avazyaka thaa| kintu bhASyamAnya mUlapATha meM isakA abhAva hone se yahI pratiphalita hotA hai ki bhASyamAnya pATha avikasita hai aura usakI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnyapATha vikasita hai / kyoMki usameM ise mUlasatra kA hI aMga banA liyA gayA hai| punaH aneka sthaloM para hamane yaha dikhAyA hai ki bhASya ke aneka aMzoM ko sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM mUlasUtra banA liyA gayA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki bhASya ko dekhakara hI sarvArthasiddhikAra ne athavA usake pUrva tattvArthasUtra ke kisI yApanIya TIkAkAra ne mUla pATha ko saMzodhita kiyA hogaa| yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki aneka prasaMgoM meM bhASyamAna pATha kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha adhika vikasita hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra ne na kevala bhASya ke usa aMza ko mUla ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA apitu usa para apanI vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai| yadi hama isI prasaMga meM dekheM to yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki bhASyamAnya mUlapATha kI apekSA bhASya meM kvacit artha vikAsa hai, kintu bhASyamAnya mUlapATha kI apekSA sarvArthasiddhi mAnya mUlapATha meM aura bhASya kI apekSA 1. dekhe-sarvArthasiddhi sa0 paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, bhUmikA pR0 45 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 63 sarvArthasiddhi meM spaSTa rUpa se eka-do nahIM zatAdhika sthaloM para artha vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| isa satya ko dekhate hue bhI yaha kahanA ki umAsvAti ne sarvArthasiddhi aura usake mAnya pATha ko lekara apanA bhASya banAyA, hamArI bauddhika ImAnadArI ke prati praznacihna ho khar3A kregaa| jaba sarvArthasiddhi meM bhASya ke aMza ko mUla pATha mAnakara usa para vyAkhyA likho jA rahI hai to yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhASya meM artha vikAsa haA hai ? punaH paM0 phUlacandajo ne dasaveM ho adhyAya ke 'bandha "mokSaH' (sarvArthasiddhi 9 / 2) nAmaka sUtra ko lekara bhI artha vikAsa kI bAta kahI hai| sarvaprathama to hameM yaha spaSTa samajha lenA cAhie ki bhASyamAnya mUlapATha meM yaha sUtra do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai jabaki sarvArthasiddhi ke mAnya pATha meM ye donoM sUtra milAkara eka kara diye gaye haiN| ataH yadi mAtra sUtra ko dRSTi se dekhe to donoM meM kiMcit antara nahIM hai, eka sUtra ko do sUtra athavA do satra ko eka sUtra kara dene ko kabhI bhI artha vikAsa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jahA~ kucha prasaMgoM meM bhASyamAnya pATha meM sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha kA eka sUtra do sUtroM meM milatA hai vahIM adhikAMza prasaMgoM meM sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM bhI bhASyamAnya pATha ke eka satra ko do satroM meM dikhAyA gayA hai / isa prakAra sUtra vibhAjana yA sUtra saMkalana ke AdhAra para pUrvAparatva kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jabataka ki anya koI Thosa pramANa na ho / yadi hama yaha mAneM ki ina do sUtroM ko eka mAnakara mokSa kI adhika susaMgata vyavasthA sambhava thI, to aisI sthiti meM yaha mAnanA hogA ki sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha adhika susaMgata yA vikasita hai / pUnaH paM0 jI mAnate haiM ki 'bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAbhyAm' sUtra kA sambandha umAsvAti ne pUrvasUtra aura uttarasUtra donoM se mAnA, isameM artha vikAsa kaise ho gayA, yaha hama samajha nahIM paate| koI bhI madhyavartI sUtra apane pUrvasatra se aura apane uttara sUtra se sambandhita hotA hI hai| isameM artha vikAsa kI kalpanA kaise A gayI ? isa sUtra kA bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi TIkA donoM ko dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi adhika vikasita hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM guNasthAna aura karma prakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama kI vistRta carcA hai jabaki bhASya meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai / phira paM0 jI kisa AdhAra para yaha kahate haiM ki bhASya sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA vikasita hai| yadi bhASya vikasita hotA to usameM yahA~ gaNasthAna kI carcA honI thI, jaisI sarvArthasiddhi Adi TIkAoM meM hai| sambhavataH hama apane sAmpradAyika

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64 : tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA abhinivezoM ke kAraNa yA to satya ko dekhate hI nahIM yA dekhakara bhI apane pakSa-pratipAdana hetu use dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiN| maiM pAThakoM se anurodha karU~gA ki dasaveM adhyAya ke dUsare aura tIsare sUtra ke bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi TIkA ke ina aMzoM ko dekhakara svayaM nirNaya kareM ki kauna vikasita hai ? sarvArthasiddhi kI apekSA bhASya ko vikasita batAne ke lie pA~caveM adhyAya ke kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra ko bhI carcA paM0 jI ne kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki aisI hI eka bAta, jI vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai, pA~caveM adhyAya ke kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra ke prasaMga se AtI hai| prakaraNa paratva aura aparatva kA hai| ye donoM kitane prakAra ke hote haiM isakA nirdeza sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthabhASya donoMmeM kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM inake prakAra batalAte hue kahA hai-paratvAparatve kSetrakRte kAlakRte ca stH| kintu tattvArthabhASya meM ye do bheda to batalAye ho gaye haiM, sAtha hI vahA~ prazaMsAkRta paratvAparatva kA svatantra rUpa se aura grahaNa kiyA hai / vAcaka umAsvAti kahate haiM-paratvAparatve trividhe-prazaMsAkRte kSetrakRte kAlakRte iti / / __itanA hI nhiiN| hama dekhate haiM ki isa sambandhameM tattvArthavArtikakAra tattvArthabhASya kA hI anusaraNa karate haiN| unhoMne kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra kA vyAkhyAna karate hue paratva aura aparatva ke ina tIna bhedoM kA ullekha ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai'kSetraprazaMsAkAlanimittAtparatvAparatvAnavadhAraNamiti cet ? na, kaalopkaarprkdnnaat| ____ ataeva kyA isase yaha anumAna karane meM sahAyatA nahIM milatI ki jisa prakAra isa udAharaNa se tattvArthabhASya tattvArthavArtikakArake sAmane thA isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai usI prakAra tattvArthabhASya sarvArthasiddhi ke bAda kI racanA hai isa kathana kI bhI puSTi hotI hai / ___ yaha satya hai ki jahA~ vAcaka umAsvAti ne 'paratvAparatva' ke prazaMsAkRta, kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta aise tona bhAga mAne haiM vahA~ sarvArthasiddhi meM kevala paratvAparatva ke kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta aise do bhAgoM kI carcA haI hai, lekina yahA~ bhI yadi hama mUlabhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ko sAmane rakhakara dekheM to hameM spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki sarvArthasiddhikAra ne paratvAparatva 1. dekheM-sarvArthasiddhi, saM0 50 phalacandajI bhUmikA pR0 45-46 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 65 ke na kevala kSetrakRta aura kAlakRta bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai apitu inakI ativistAra meM carcA bhI kI hai / vastutaH pUjyapAda ne paramArthakAla aura vyavahArakAla, bhUtakAla, vartamAnakAla aura bhaviSyakAla kI carcA to kI hai, apitu paramArtha kAla aura vyavahAra kAla meM unakI mukhyatA aura gauNatA ko bhI vistAra se carcA kI hai| yadi bheda carcA ko hI vikAsa kA AdhAra mAnA jAye to paMcama adhyAya ke 'niSkriyANica' (zve06/ diga0 7) meM utpAda ke do bhedoM kI carcA haI hai, jabaki bhASya meM aisI koI carcA nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi bhASya kI apekSA vicAra aura bhASA donoM hI daSTi se adhika vikasita hai| paratva aura aparatva ke bhedoM ko carcA meM kSetra aura kAla ke atirikta prazaMsA ko usakA eka bheda mAnanA athavA nahIM mAnanA yaha pUjyapAda kI apano vyaktigata ruci kA prazna bhI ho sakatA hai / sambhavataH pUjyapAda ne bhASya ke sammukha hote hue bhI use svIkAra nahIM kiyA ho, kintu Age akalaMka ne apane vArtika meM usakA anusaraNa kiyA ho / yadi vikAsa ko samajhanA hai to hameM vaicArika vikAsa ko dRSTi se vividha tathyoM kA saMkalana karanA hogaa| nIce tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hama kucha tathya prastuta kara rahe hai jisa para vicAra karake pAThakoM ko yaha nirNaya karane meM suvidhA hogI ki vaicArika 'vikAsa kI dRSTi se kauna pUrva hai ora kauna pazcAt / sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthabhASya 1. sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna 1. jabaki tattvArthabhASya meM guNa sthAna siddhAnta kA pUrNataH abhAva aura mArgaNA sthAna kA atyadhika hai. usameM prathama adhyAya ke 8veM sUtra vikasita aura vistRta vivaraNa kI vyAkhyA kevala do pRSThoM meM samApta ho gaI hai| mArgaNA ke rUpa meM mAtra upalabdha hai / sarvArthasiddhi ke prathama gati indriya kAya, yoga, kaSAya adhyayana ke 8veM sUtra ko vyAkhyA meM Adi kA nAmollekha hai, unake sambandha meM koI vistRta carcA nahIM lagabhaga sattara pRSThoM meM guNasthAna hai| sattara pRSThoM meM carcA karanevAlA aura mArgaNAsthAna kI carcA kI grantha vikasita hai yA mAtra do pRSThoM meM carcA karane vAlA vikasita hai pAThaka gaI hai| svayaM yaha vicAra kara leN|

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66 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA sarvArthasiddhi / tattvArthabhASya 2. sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha meM 2. bhASyamAnya pATha meM prArambha sAta nayoM kA ullekha milatA hai| pA~ca nayoM kA ullekha karake phira unameM prathama aura antima ke do aura isameM nayoM kI yaha vyAkhyA lagabhaga tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| isameM sAta pRSTha meM samApta huI hai| yaha vyAkhyA pA~ca pRSThoM hai| 3. aupazamika Adi bhAvoM kI 3. bhASya meM yaha vyAkhyA mAtra jo vyAkhyA sarvArthasiddhi meM upalabdha hai vaha lagabhaga tIna pRSThoM meM haiN| chaha paMktiyoM meM samApta ho gayI hai| 4. samyak cAritra ko savArtha- 4. bhASya meM mAtra eka paMkti meM siddhi meM lagabhaga eka pRSTha meM vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vivecana karatA hai| 5. dvitIya adhyAya ke caturtha 5. isameM yaha mAtra do paMktiyoM sUtra kSAyika bhAva kI vyAkhyA laga meM hai| bhaga eka pRSTha meM hai| 6. sarvArthasiddhi meM strI-mukti 6. bhASya meM isa carcA kA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| pUrNataH abhAva hai| yaha carcA chaThIM zatI ke pazcAt hI astitva meM AyI hai| 7. sarvAsiddhi meM paMcama adhyAya 7. tattvArthabhASya meM ina 21 ke prathama sUtra se ikkIsaveM sUtra taka sUtroM kI vyAkhyA mAtra chaH pRSThoM 21 sUtroM kI vyAkhyA 26 pRSThoM meM haiN| meM hai| 8. sarvArthasiddhi meM aneka 8. tattvArthabhASya meM isa zailI sthaloM para pUrva pakSa kI ora se zaMkA kA lagabhaga abhAva sA hai yaha zailI upasthita kara usakA samAdhAna kiyA khaNDana-maNDana yuga kI dena hai| gayA hai| bhASya meM usakI anupasthiti svata: hI usakI prAcInatA kA pramANa hai| 9. sarvArthasiddhi (1/19) meM 9. bhASya meM aprApyakAritA cakSa aura mana se vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM kI koI carcA ho nahIM hai| mAtra hotA hai isakI siddhi meM AprApya- tIna paMktiyoM meM vyAkhyA samApta ho kAritoM kA dArzanika siddhAnta gayI hai|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 67 sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthabhASya varNita hai| usameM apane mata kI puSTi meM Avazyaka niyukti kI pA~cavIM gAthA bhI kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha uddhRta hai| yaha gAthA paMcasaMgraha (1/98) meM bhI upalabdha hai| jabaki bhASya meM ye vyAkhyAe~ isa prakAra do-cAra apavAdoM ko atyanta saMkSipta haiN| chor3akara sAmAnyataH sarvArthasiddhi meM hara sUtra kI vistRta vyAkhyAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| __yahA~ hama adhika kucha na kahakara pAThakoM se itanA nivedana avazya kareMge ki ve nirdezita aMzoM kA svayaM avalokana karake yaha nizcita kara leM ki kauna vikasita hai ? tattvArthabhASya kI svopajJatA evaM prAcInatA tattvArthabhASya ko digambara vidvAna paM0 nAthurAmajI premI ne na kevala svopajJa mAnA hai apitu use sarvArthasiddhi Adi sabhI digambara TokAoM se prAcIna bhI mAnA hai / hama yahA~ unake kathana ko zabdazaH uddhRta kara rahe haiM "bhASya kI prazasti umAsvAti kA pUrA paricaya denevAlI aura vizvasta hai| isameM koI banAvaTa nahIM mAlUma hotI aura isase prakaTa hotA hai ki mUlasUtra ke kartA kA hI yaha bhASya hai| bhASya kI svopajJatA meM kucha logoM ko sandeha hai; paranta nIce likhI bAtoM para vicAra karane se vaha sandeha dUra ho jAtA hai 1. bhASya kI prArambhika kArikAoM meM aura anya aneka sthAnoM meM 'vakSmAmi' 'vakSyAmaH' Adi prathama puruSa kA nirdeza hai aura nirdeza meM kI gaI pratijJA ke anusAra hI bAda meM sUtroM meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| ataeva sUtra aura bhASya donoM ke kartA eka haiN| - 2. sUtroM kA bhASya karane meM kahIM bhI khIMcAtAnI nahIM kI gii| sUtra kA artha karane meM bhI kahIM sandeha yA vikalpa nahIM kiyA gayA aura na 1. jJAtavya hai ki pR0 305 se lekara 311 taka kA yaha samagra aMza hamane paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ke 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' se yathAvat uddhRta kiyA hai aura isa hetu hama lekhaka aura prakAzaka ke abhArI haiM /

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68 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA kisI dUsarI vyAkhyA yA TIkA kA khayAla rakhakara sUtrArtha kiyA gayA hai / bhASya meM kahIM kisI sUtra ke pATha bheda kI carcA hai aura na sUtrakAra ke prati kahIM sammAna hI pradarzita hai / 3. bhASya ke prArambha kI 31 kArikAyeM mUla sUtra - racanA ke uddezya se aura mUla graMtha ko lakSya karake hI likhI gaI haiM / isI prakAra bhASyAnta kI prazasti bhI mUlasUtrakAra kI hai / bhASyakAra sUtrakAra se bhinna hote aura unake samakSa sUtrakAra kI kArikAyeM aura prazasti hotI, to ve svayaM bhASya ke prArambha meM aura anta meM maMgala aura prazasti ke rUpa meM kucha na kucha avazya likhate / isake sivAya ukta kArikAoM kI aura prazasti kI TIkA bhI karate / ' bhASya kI prAcInatA 1. tattvArtha kI suprasiddha TIkA tattvArthavArtika ke kartA akalaMkadeva vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdi ke haiM / ve isa bhASya se paricita the| kyoMki unhoMne apane grantha ke anta meM bhASyAnta kI 32 kArikAyeM 'uktaM ca' kahakara uddhRta kI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, ukta kArikAoM ke sAtha kA bhASya kA gadyAMza bhI prAyaH jyoMkA tyoM de diyA hai| isake sivAya AThavIM 'dagdhe bIje' Adi kArikA ko aura bhI eka jagaha 'uktaM ca' rUpa se uddhRta kiyA hai / 3 1. dekho, paM sukhalAlajIkRta hindI tattvArtha kI bhUmikA pR0 45-50 / 2. " tato vedanIyanAmagotraAyuSkakSa yAtphalabandhananirmukto nirdagdhapUrvopAttendhano nirupAdAna ivAgniH pUrvopAttabhavaviyogAddhetvabhAvAccettarasyAprAdurbhAvAcchAntaH saMsArasukhamatItyAntyAntikamaikAntikaM nirupamaM niratizayaM nityaM nirvANamukhamavApnotIti / evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasyAtmano bhRzaM ....". -bhASya / 1 "tataH zeSakarmakSayAdbhAva bandhanirmuktaH nirdagdhapUrvopAdanendhano nirupAdAna ivAgniH pUrvopAttabhavaviyogAddha svabhAvAccottarasyAprAdurbhAtsAntasaMsArasukhamatItya AtyantikamaikAntikaM nirupamaM niratizayaM nirvANasukhamavApnotIti / tattvArthabhAvanAphalametat / uktaM ca- evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasyAtmano bhRzaM ..." - rAjavArtika ( bhAratIya jJAnapITha banArasa meM rAjavArtika kI jo tADapatra kI prati AI hai, usameM ' evaM tattvaparijJAnAdviraktasya' hI pATha haiM, chapI prati jaisA 'samyaktvajJAnacaritrasaMyuktasya' nahIM / yaha pichalA pATha sampAdakoM dvArA amRtacandrasUri ke tattvArthasAra' ke anusAra banAyA gayA hai aura tattvArthasAra ko rAjavArtika kA pUrvavartI samajha liyA gayA hai jo ki bhrama hai | ) 3. tattvArthavArtika (mudrita ) pU0 361 /

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 69 2. tattvArthavArtika meM aneka jagaha bhASyamAnya sUtroM kA virodha kiyA hai' aura bhASya ke mata kA bhI kaI jagaha khaNDana kiyA hai / 3 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI aura paM0 mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya bhI mAnate haiM ki alaMkadeva bhASya se paricita the| DaoN0 jagadIzacandra jI zAstrI ema0 e0 ne bhI bhASya aura vArtika ke aneka uddharaNa dekara isa ko siddha kiyA hai / 4 vIrasena ne apanI jayadhavalA TIkA zaka saMvat 738 ( vi0 saM0 873 ) meM samApta kI hai| isameM bhI bhASyAntako ukta 32 kArikAyeM uddhRta haiN| isase bhI bhASyako prAcInatA aura prasiddhi para prakAza par3atA 1. tRtIya adhyAya ke pahale bhASyasammata sUtra meM 'pRthutarA' pATha adhika hai / isako lakSya karake rAjavArtika ( pR0 113 ) meM kahA hai- "pRthutarA iti keSAMcitpAThaH / " cauthe adhyAya ke naveM sUtra meM 'dvayordvayoH' pada adhika hai / isa para rAjavArtika ( pR0 153 ) meM likhA hai -- ' dvayordvayoriti vacanAtsiddhiriti cenna ArSavirodhAt / " isI taraha pA~caveM adhyAya ke 36 veM sUtra 'bandhesamAdhiko pAriNAmikoM ko lakSya karake pR0 242 meM likhA hai- " samA dhikAvityapareSAM pAThaH - sa pATho nopapadyate / kutaH, ArSavirodhAt / " 2. pA~caveM adhyAya ke anta meM 'anAdirAdimAMzca' Adi tIna sUtra adhika haiM / pR0 244 meM ina sUtroM ke mata kA khaMDana kiyA hai / isI taraha naveM adhyAya ke 37 veM sUtra meM 'apramattasaMyatasya' pATha adhika hai, usakA virodha karate hue pR0 354 meM likhA hai, "dharmyamapramattasyeti cenna / pUrveSAM vinivRttaprasaMgAt / " 3. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA pR0 71 / 4. dekho, anekAnta varSa 3, aMka 4- 11 meM 'tattvArthAvagamabhASya aura akalaMka', jaina siddhAntabhAskara varSa 8 aura 9 tathA jainasatyaprakAza varSa 6 aMka 4 meM tattvArthabhASya aura rAjavArtika meM zabdagata aura carcAgata sAmya tathA sUtra - pAThasambandhI ullekha / ' 5. jaya valA meM bhASya kI jo ukta kArikAyeM uddhata haiM, unake bAda jayadhavalAkAra kahate haiM - 'evamettieNa pabaMdheNa NivtrANaphalapajjavasANaM / isa vAkya ko dekhakara eka vidvAn ne ( anekAnta varSa 3, aMka 4 ) kalpanA kI thI ki pUrvAcArya kA yaha koI prAcIna prabandha rahA hogA jisa para se vArtika meM bhI ve kArikAyeM uddhRta kI gaI haiM / parantu yaha ' ettieNa 'pabandheNa' pada jayadhavalA meM ukta prasaMga meM hI nahIM, aura bIsoM jagaha AyA

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70 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA hai| isake sivAya vIrasena umAsvati ke dUsare grantha 'prazamarati' se bhI paricita the| kyoMki unhoMne jayadhavalA (pR0 369 ) meM 'atropayogI zlokaH' kahakara 'prazamaratikI 25 vI kArikA uddhRta kI hai| 5 amRtacandrane apane tatvArthasAra (padyabaddha tattvArthasUtra ) meM bhI bhASyako ukta kArikAoM meM se 30 kArikAe~ nambaroM ko kucha idhara udhara karake le lI haiM aura mudrita prati ke pAThapara yadi vizvAsa kiyA jAya to unhoMne unheM 'uktaM ca' na rahane dekara apane grantha kA hI aMza banA liyA hai| amRtacandra vikrama kI gyArahavIM sadI ke lagabhaga hue haiM aura ve bhI bhASya se yA usakI ukta kArikAoM se paricita the| 6 akalaMka aura vorasena ke samAna, unase bhI pahale ke pUjyapAra devanandi ke samakSa bhI tattvArthabhASya rahA hogaa| yadyapi unhoMne sarvArthasiddhi meM kahIM bhASya kA virodha Adi nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI jaba hama bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi ko Amane sAmane rakhakara dekhate haiM taba donoM ke vAkya ke vAkya, pada ke pada eka se milate cale jAte haiM bhASya 1. samyagdarzanaM samyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramityeSa trividho mokSamArgaH / taM purastAllakSaNato vidhAnatazca vistareNopadekSyAmaH / zAstrAnupUrvI vinyAsArtha tuddezamAtramidamucyate / -1, 1 2. cakSuSA no indriyeNa ca vyaMjanAvagraho na bhavati / -1, 19 / 3. kASThapustacitrakarmAkSanikSepAdiSu sthApyate jIva iti sa sthaapnaajiivH|-1,5. 4. nairgranthyaM prati prasthitAH zarIropakaraNavibhUSAnuvartina RddhiyazaskAmAH sAta gauravAzritA aviviktaparivArAzchedazabalayuktA nirgranthA bakuzAH / kuzIlA hai aura saba jagaha usase kevala yahI sUcita kiyA hai ki itane prabandha yA sUtrabhAga ke dvArA yA itane kathana se amuka viSaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA / ukta 32 kArikAoM ke bAda Aye hue ukta pada kA yahI artha vahA~ ThIka baiThatA hai, dUsarA koI artha nahIM ho sktaa| 1. tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti ke kartA siddhasena gaNine 'prazamarati' ko umAsvAti vAcaka kA hI mAnA hai-"yataH prazamaratI anenaivoktan" "vAcakena tvetadeva balasaMjJayA prazamarato (upAttam / " a0 5/6 tathA 9/6 kI bhaassyvRtti| aura prazamarati kI 120 vIM kArikA 'AcArya Aha' kahakara zrIjinadAsa mahattara ne nizIthacUrNi meM uddhRta kI hai aura jinadAsa mahattara vikrama kI AThavIM sadI ke haiN|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 71 dvividhAH pratisevanAkuzIlA: kaSAyakuzIlAzca / tatra pratisevanAkuzIlAH mairgranthaM prati prasthitA aniyatakriyAH kathaMciduttaraguNeSu virAdhayantazcaranti te pratisevanAkuzIlAH / yeSAM tu saMyatAnAM satAM kathaMcitsaMjvalanakaSAyA udIryante te kssaaykushiilaaH|-9, 48 5. liGga dvividhaM dravyaliGgaM bhAvaliGga ca / bhAvaliGgapratItya sarve paMcanirgranthA bhAvaliGge bhavanti dravyaliGga pratItya bhAjyAH / -9, 49 6. kaSAyakuzIlo dvayoH parihAravizuddhau sUkSmasAmparAye ca / nirgranthasnAtakAveka smin yathAkhyAtasaMyame / zrutam-pulAkabakuzapratisevanAkuzIlA utkRSTenAbhinnAkSaradazapUrvadharAH kaSAyakuzIla-nirgranthA caturdazapUrvadharau / jaghanyena pulAkasya zrutamAcAravastu / bakuzakuzIlanirgranthAnAM zrutamaSTo pravacanamAtaraH / zrutApagataH kevalI snAtaka iti / pratisevanA-paJcAnAM mUlaguNAnAM rAtribhojanaviratiSaSThAnAM parAbhiyogAdvalAtkAreNAnyatamaM pratisevamAnaH pulAko bhavati / -9, 49 sarvArthasiddhi 1. samyagdarzanaM samyagjJAnaM samyakcAritramiti / eteSAM svarUpaM lakSaNato vidhAna tazca purastAdvistareNa nirdekSyAmaH / uddezamAtraM tvidamucyate / 1, 1 / 2. cakSuSA anindriyeNa ca vyaMjanAvagraho na bhavati / 1, 19 3. kASThapustacitrakarmAkSa nikSepAdiSu so'yamiti sthApyamAnA sthApanA / -1, 5 4. nairgranthaM prati prasthitA akhaMDitavratAH zarIropakaraNavibhUSAnuvartino'vivikta parivArA mohazabalayuktA bkushaaH"| kuzIlA dvividhAH-pratisevanAkuzIlAH kaSAyakuzIlA iti / aviviktaparigrahAH paripUrNobhayAH kathaMciduttaraguNavirAdhinaH prtisevnaakushiilaaH| vazIkRtAnyakaSAyodayAH saMjvalanamAtrataMtrAH kaSAyakuzIlAH / -9, 47 5. liMGga dvividhaM-dravyaliGga bhAvaliGga ceti / bhAvaliGgaM pratItya paMca nirgranthA liGgino bhavanti / dravyaliGgaM pratItya bhAjyAH / -9, 47 16. kaSAyakuzIlA dvayoH saMyamayoH parihAravizuddhisUkSmasamparAyayoH pUrvayozca / nirgranthasnAtakA ekasminneva ythaakhyaatsNymesnti| zrutaM-pulAkabakuzapratisevanAkuzIlA utkrssennaabhinnaakssrdshpuurvdhraaH| kaSAyakuzIlA nirgranthAzcaturdazapUrvadharAH / jaghanyena pulAkasya zrutamAcAravastu / bakuzakuzIlanirgranthAnAM zrutamaSTI pravacanamAtaraH / snAtakA apagatazrutAH kevlinH| pratisevanA-paJcAnAM mUlaguNAnAM rAtribhojanavarjanasya ca parAbhiyogAlAd badanyatamaM pratisevamAnaH 'pulAko bhavati / --9,47 vizeSa udAharaNoM ke lie dekho DA0 jagadIzacandra jI zAstrI ke lekha /

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72 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA 7. bhASya kI lekhana zailI bhI sarvArthasiddhi se prAcIna hai / vaha prasanna aura gaMbhIra hote hue bhI dArzanikatA kI dRSTi se kama vikasita aura kama parizIlita hai / saMskRta ke lekhana aura jainasAhitya meM dArzanika zailI ke jisa vikAsa ke pazcAt sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai, vaha vikAsa bhASya meM nahIM dikhAI detA / ' artha kI dRSTi se bhI sarvArthasiddhi arvAcIna mAlUma hotI hai / jo bAta bhASya meM hai, sarvArthasiddhi meM usako vistRta karake aura usa para adhika carcA karake nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / vyAkaraNa aura jainetara darzanoM kI carcA bhI usameM adhika hai| jaina paribhASAoM kA jo vizadokaraNa aura vaktavya kA pRthakkaraNa sarvArthasiddhi meM hai, vaha bhASya meM kama se kama hai / bhASya kI apekSA usameM tArkikatA adhika hai aura anya darzanoM kA khaMDana bhI jora pakar3atA hai / ye saba bAteM sarvArthasiddhi se bhASya ko prAcIna siddha karatI haiM / isa taraha tatvArthabhASya pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva, vIrasena Adi se pahale kA hai aura usase ukta sabhI AcArya paricita the / unhoMne usakA kisI na kisI rUpa meM upayoga bhI kiyA hai aura usakI yaha prAcInatA svopajJatA IT ho samarthana karatI hai / svopajJabhASya kI AvazyakatA tattvArtha jaise saMkSipta sUtra-grantha para svopajJa bhASya honA hI cAhie / kyoMki eka to jainadarzana kA yaha sabase pahalA saMskRtabaddha sUtra-grantha hai, jo anya darzanoM ke dArzanika sUtroM kI zailI para racA gayA hai| jainadharmaM ke anuyAyI isa saMkSipta sUtra - paddhati se pahale paricita nahIM the / ve bhASya kI sahAyatA ke binA usase pUrA lAbha nahIM uThA sakate the| dUsare isakI racanA kA eka uddezya itara dArzanikoM meM bhI jainadarzana kI pratiSThA karanA thA / isaliye bho bhASya Avazyaka hai / sUtrakAra ko yaha cintA rahatI hai ki yadi svayaM apane sUtroM kA bhASya nahIM kiyA jAyagA to Age loga unakA anartha kara DAleMge / pATaliputra meM vihAra karate hue unhoMne apane isa bhASya grantha kI racanA kI thI, isalie ve Arya cANakya yA viSNugupta ke suprasiddha grantha kauTilIya arthazAstra (sUtra 1 1. udAharaNa ke lie dekho a0 1/2, 1 / 12, 1/32, aura 3 / 1 sUtroM kA bhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi | 2. dekho, hindI tattvArthaM kI bhUmikA, pR0 86-88

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 73 aura svopajJa bhASya) se avazya paricita hoMge, jo pATalIputra meM hI nirmANa kiyA gayA thA aura jisake anta meM kahA hai ki-prAyaH sUtroM se bhASyakAroM kI vipratipatti yA virodha dekhakara-sUtrakAra kA abhiprAya kucha thA aura bhASyakAroM ne kucha likha diyA, yaha samajha kara, viSNugupta ne svayaM satra banAye aura svayaM hI bhASya likhaa| aisI avasthA meM umAsvAtikA svayaM hI bhASya nirmANa karane meM pravRtta honA svAbhAvika hai / ___ apane granthoM para isa taraha ke svopajJa bhASya likhane ke aura bhI udAharaNa haiN| bauddha dArzanika nAgArjuna umAsvAti se pahale hae haiN| unhoMne apane grantha para 'vigrahavyAvattinI' nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI haiN| mUla grantha kArikAoM meM hai jo sUtra kI ho bhA~ti adhika bAtoM ko thor3e zabdoM meM kahalAne vAlI aura padya hone se kaNThastha karane yogya hoto haiM / isI taraha vasubandhu kA 'abhidharmakoza' hai jo tattvArtha jaisA ho hai aura usa para bhI svopajJa bhASya hai| apane grantha para svopajJa TIkA likhane kI yaha paddhati jainaparamparA meM bhI rahI hai| pUjyapAda ne apane vyAkaraNa para jainendra-nyAsa ( anupalabdha ), jinabhadragaNi ne apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASya para vyAkhyA, zAkaTAyana ne apane vyAkaraNa-sUtroM para amoghavRtti aura akalaMkadeva ne apane laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya para svopajJa vRttiyoM ko racanA kii|" tattvArthasUtra ke kucha sUtroM kA digambara mAnyatAoM se virodha tattvArthasUtra ke digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya mUlapATha ke hI kucha sUtra spaSTa rUpa se digambara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM ke bhI virodha meM jAte haiM / agrima paMktiyoM meM hama isa sambandha meM kucha vistRta carcA kareMge (1) sarvaprathama tattvArthasatra ke caturtha adhyAya ke sUtra 3 meM devoM ke pA~ca prakAroM ke AvAntara bhedoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isameM vaimAnika devoM ke bAraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai| jabaki digambara paramparA vaimAnika devoM ke solaha bheda mAnya karatI haiN| digambara paramparA dvArA 1. dRSTvAM vipratipatti prAyaH sUtreSu bhASyakArANAm / svayameva viSNuguptazcakAra sUtraM ca bhASyaM ca // 2. nAgArjuna kA samaya vi0 saM0 223-253 nizcita kiyA gayA hai| 3. vinayatoSa bhaTTAcArya ke anusAra vasubandhu kA samaya vi0 saM0 298 hai| 4. dazASTapaMcadvAdazavikalpAH klpoppnnpryntaaH| -tattvArthasUtra 4 / 3

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74 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA mAnya pATha ke isI adhyAya ke unnIsaveM sUtra meM vaimAnika devoM ke solaha prakAroM kA nAma sahita ullekha bhI huA hai / ' digambara paramparA ke mAnya isa pATha meM jahA~ caturtha adhyAya kA tIsarA sUtra zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra vaimAnika devoM ke bAraha prakAroM kI hI carcA karatA hai, vahIM unnIsavA~ sUtra digambara paramparA ke anusAra solaha devalokoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karatA hai / isa prakAra digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya sUtra pATha meM hI eka antarvirodha parilakSita hotA hai / caturtha adhyAya ke ina tIsare aura unnIsaveM sUtra kA yaha antavirodha vicAraNIya hai / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka sthAna para to apanI paramparA ke anurUpa pATha ko saMzodhita kara liyA gayA hai aura dUsare sthAna para asAvadhAnIvaza vaha yathAvat raha gayA hai| kintu eka sthAna para prayatnapUrvaka saMzodhana kiyA gayA ho aura dUsare sthAna para use asAvadhAnIvaza chor3a diyA gayA ho - yaha bAta buddhigamya nahIM lagatI haiM / sambhAvanA yahI hai ki digambara AcAryoM ko yaha sUtra yA to isI rUpa meM prApta hue hoM athavA usa paramparA ke sUtra hoM jo solaha svarga mAnakara bhI vaimAnika devoM ke bAhara prakAra hI mAnatI ho ho sakatA hai yaha yApanIya mAnyatA ho / digambara TIkAkAroM ne isa sandarbha meM vizeSa koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM diyA hai / ve mAtra ise indroM kI saMkhyA mAnakara santoSa karate haiM / jabaki yaha sUtra indra kI saMkhyA kA sUcaka yA indroM ke AdhAra para devoM kA vargIkaraNa nahIM hai kyoMki yadi indroM kI saMkhyA yA indroM ke AdhAra para devoM ke vargIkaraNa kA sUcaka hotA to jyotiSI meM kevala do hI indra haiM phira pA~ca kaiMse kahe gaye ? ataH spaSTa hai ki yaha sUtra digambara mAnyatA ke anurUpa hI nahIM hai / (2) dUsarA jo sUtra hai vaha pA~caveM adhyAya kA bAIsavA~ sUtra hai / zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya sUtrapATha meM 'kAlazceke' yaha pATha milatA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM 'kAlazca' aisA pATha milatA hai / dravyoM kI carcA ke pazcAt anta meM yaha sUtra AyA hai isase aisA lagatA ki granthakAra kAla ko dravya mAnane ke sandarbha meM taTastha dRSTi rakhatA hogA / zvetAmbara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. saugha me~ zAna sAnatkumAramAhendra brahma brahmottaralAntavakApiSThazukramahAzukra 15 16 12 13 14 zatArasahasrAreSvAnataprANatayorAraNAcyutayoH / 2. dekheM - tattvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhi TIkA 4 | 3 -tattvArthasUtra 4 / 19

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 75 paramparA meM kAla dravya hai yA nahIM hai, isa prazna ko lekara do mAnyatAoM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| usa kAla meM kucha vicAraka kAla ko svataMtra dravya svIkAra karate haiM aura kucha vicAraka kAla ko svataMtra dravya na mAnakara jIva evaM ajIva dravyoM ko paryAya kA sUcaka mAnate the| yadi tattvArthasUtra kI racanA digambara paramparA ke anusAra hotI yA digambara AcAryoM ne apanA pATha banAyA hotA to dravyoM kI vivecanA ke prasaMga meM bhI kAla kA ullekha A jAnA cAhie thaa| jahA~ ajIva kAyA kA ullekha kiyA vahIM kAla kA bhI ullekha honA thaa| isase spaSTa lagatA hai ki granthakAra ne usa mAnyatA kA saMgraha karane ke lie ki kucha dArzanika kAla ko bhI dravya mAnate haiM, isa satra kI racanA ko| ataH "kAlazceke' yahA~ mUla sUtra rahA hogA jabaki Age calakara kAla ko eka dravya mAna liyA gayA to sUtrapATha meM se 'eke' pATha alaga kara diyAkintu yaha yApanIya paramparA meM huA hogA-aiso sambhAvanA hai, kyoMki yadi pUjyapAda ise badalate to ve isakA sthAna bhI badala sakate the| vastutaH cAhe mUla pATha meM 'kAlazca' ho yA kAlazceke ho, yaha sUtra digambara mAnyatA se tattvArtha ko bhinnatA sucita karate hue Agamika paramparA se nikaTatA sUcita karatA hai| kyoMki jahA~ bhagavatI evaM prajJA'panA meM kAla ko pudgala aura jIva ko paryAya kahA gayA vahIM uttarAdhyayana meM use svataMtra dravya kahA gayA hai| isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA pUrva meM kI jA cuko hai| usakI punarAvRtti nirarthaka hai| (3) tIsare tattvArthasUtra ke naveM adhyAya kA gyArahavA~ sUtra 'ekAdazajine' bhI jise donoM hI pAThoM meM mAnya kiyA gayA hai, digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| kyoMki digambara paramparA kevalI yA jina meM pariSahoM kA sadbhAva nahIM mAnatI hai / jaba kevalI meM kavalAhAra ho nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA, to phira kSudhA-pipAsA jaise pariSaha usameM saMbhava hI nahIM hoNge| digambara TIkAkAra bhI isa sUtra ko apane mata ke viruddha mAnate haiM aura isalie ve 'na santi' kA adhyAhAra karake use apane matAnukUla karanA cAhate haiM, jabaki mUlasUtra spaSTa rUpa se unake sadbhAva kA saMketa karatA hai| isa sandarbha meM digambara paramparA ke variSTha vidvAn DaoN. hIrAlAla jI ke vicAra draSTavya haiM-"kUndakUndAcArya ne kevalo ke bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko vedanA kA niSedha kiyA hai| para tattvArthasUtrakAra ne sabalatA se karmasiddhAntAnusAra yaha siddha kiyA hai ki vedanIyodaya janya kSudhA-pipAsAdi gyAraha parISaha kevalI ke bhI hote haiM (adhyAya 9 sUtra 8-17) sarvArtha

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76 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA siddhikAra evaM rAjavArtikakAra ne yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki mohanIya karmodaya ke abhAva meM vedanIya kA prabhAva jarjarita ho jAtA hai isase ve vedanAe~ kevalI ke nahIM hotIM / para karmasiddhAnta se yaha bAta siddha nahIM hotI / mohanIya ke abhAva meM rAgadveSajanya pariNati kA abhAva avazya hogA, para vedanIya janya vedanA kA abhAva nahIM ho sakegA / yadi vaisA hotA to phira mohanIya karma ke abhAva ke pazcAt vedanIya kA udaya mAnA hI kyoM jAtA ? vedanIya kA udaya sayogI aura ayogI guNasthAna meM bhI Ayu ke antima samaya taka barAbara banA rahatA hai / isake mAnate hue tatsambandhI vedanAoM kA abhAva mAnanA zAstrasammata nahIM ThaharatA / dUsare samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA 93 meM vItarAga ke bhI sukha aura duHkha kA sadbhAva svIkAra kiyA / " 'ekAdazejine' sUtrapATha kI upasthiti spaSTataH isa tathya kI sUcaka hai ki yaha grantha mUlataH digambara paramparA kA nahIM hai, sAtha hI yaha sUtra isa satya ko bhI udghATita karatA hai ki digambara paramparA meM mAnya sUtrapATha bhI unake dvArA saMzodhita nahIM hai anyathA ve AsAnI se mUla meM bhI 'ekAdaze jine na saMti' pATha kara sakate the / isakA parya yaha hai ki yaha pATha unheM yApanIyoM se prApta huA thA / yaha spaSTa hai ki yApanIya zvetAmbaroM ke samAna 'jina' meM ekAdaza pariSaha sambhava mAnate haiM, kyoMki ve kevalI ke kavalAhAra ke samarthaka haiM / (4) tattvArtha sUtra ke digambara paramparA mAnya pATha meM bhI nigranthoM ke pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka aise pA~ca vibhAga kiye gaye / pulAka, bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla kI vivecanA karate hue tattvArtharAjavArtikakAra ne unameM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA sadbhAva mAnA hai / sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya aise do cAritroM kI mAnyatA mUlataH yApanIya aura zvetAmbara hai / yApanIyoM ke prabhAva se hI Age yaha digambara paramparA meM mAnya huI hai / punaH bakuza ke tattvArtharAja - vArtika meM jo do prakAra batAye gaye haiM / unameM upakaraNa bakuza ko vividha, vicitra parigraha yukta tathA vizeSa aura bahu upakaraNoM kA AkAMkSI kahA gayA hai / kevala kamaNDala aura picchI rakhane vAle digambara muni ke sandarbha meM yaha kalpanA ucita nahIM baiThatI hai / yaha vividha aura vicitra parigraha kI kalpanA kevala unhIM nirgranthoM ke sandarbha meM ho sakatI hai, jo picchI aura 1. dekhe - digambara jaina siddhAntadarpaNa (dvitIya aMza ), digambara jaina paMcAyataH bambaI 1944 pR0 20 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 77 kamaNDalu ke atirikta bhI anya upakaraNa rakhate hoNge| ataH yaha sUtra bhA digambara paramparA ke virodha meM jAtA hai / (5) isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra kA 'mUrchA parigraha' nAmaka sUtra bhI mUlataH zvetAmbara mAnya Agama dazavakAlika ke AdhAra para banA huA pratIta hotA hai / dazavaikAlika ko tattvArtha se prAcInatA sarvatra siddha hai| tattvArtha kA yaha sUtra dazavaikAlika ke 'na sA pariggaho vutto' mucchA pariggahovutto" ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| murchA parigraha yaha bAta digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM hai, usake anusAra to mAtra murchA hI nahIM, vastu bhI parigraha hai| yadi tattvArthasUtrakAra digambara paramparA kA hotA to bhAva parigraha ke sAtha dravya parigraha kI bhI carcA karatA vaha 'mUrchA parigraha' ke sAthasAtha yaha bhI ullekha karatA ki vastu bhI parigraha hai| kintu yaha sUtra to bastra-pAtra vAda poSaNa ke lie rAstA sApha kara detA hai| yaha sUtra usI paramparA kA ho sakatA hai, jisameM kisI sImA taka saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra-pAtra kI paramparA kA poSaNa ho rahA thA aura unheM parigraha nahIM mAnA jA rahA thaa| tatvArtha aura usake bhASya meM 'mUrchA parigraha' nAmaka sUtra spaSTa rUpa se tattvArtha kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa kara detA hai| sarvaprathama to yaha sUtra dazavaikAlika kA anusaraNa karate hue parigraha ke bhAva pakSa ko pradhAnatA detA hai aura dravya (vastu) pakSa ko gauNa kara detA hai| nirgrantha paramparA meM aparigraha aura acelatA para ati bala thA, ataH sAmAnya rUpa se yaha samasyA utpanna huI ki saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM pratilekhana evaM vastra-pAtra bhI parigraha hai ataH unakA grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| eka ora ahiMsA ke paripAlana lie pratilekhana ( rajoharaNa/picchI ) kA grahaNa Avazyaka thA to dUsarI ora bImAra aura vRddhoM kI paricaryA ke lie pAtra kI AvazyakatA huI / punaH eka hI ghara se sampUrNa AhAra grahaNa karane para bhI yA to use punaH bhojana banAnA par3a sakatA thA yA phira bhUkhA rahanA hogA-donoM sthiti meM hiMsA thI-isI prakAra yadi vRddha, glAna, rogI Adi kI paricaryA nahIM kI jAtI to karuNA ko samApti aura hiMsA meM bhAgIdAra banane kA prazna thaa| inhIM kAraNoM se pAtra Avazyaka banA / pAtra ke sAtha pAtra kI saphAI tathA pAtra ko Dhakane ke lie vastra kI AvazyakatA pratIta huI / punaH bhojana, pAnI evaM zauca Adi ke lie alaga-alaga pAtra 1. dazavakAlika /

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'78 : tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA kI AvazyakatA pratIta hone para jholI aayii| mathurA ke aMkanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatI meM nagnatA ko mAnya rakhate hue bhI itanA parigraha A cukA thaa| jaba ahiMsA kI prAthamikatA se saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM nirgrantha saMgha meM pratilekhana, vastra aura pAtra mAnya hue taba vastumAtra parigraha haiM yaha paribhASA badalane kI AvazyakatA huI hogI aura usI meM parigraha kI yaha navIna paribhASA AI hogI-saMyamoparakaraNa parigraha nahIM hai, mUrchA hI parigraha hai-dazavaikAlika ke kAla taka to yaha saba ho cukA thA aura tattvArthasUtra meM usI kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kyA tattvArtha aura usakA svopajJabhASya zvetAmbaroM ke viruddha hai ?: digambara paramparA ke aneka vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya kI zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM se asaMgati siddha kara yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya mUlataH zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM hai| ataH tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu unake tarkoM para bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| (1) AdaraNIya paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne mokSamArga ke pratipAdana ke sandarbha meM tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya kI zvetAmbara mAnya Agama se asaMgati dikhAkara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, ki tattvArtha kI trividha sAdhanA mArga kI paramparA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM anupalabdha hai, unameM caturvidha mokSamArga kI paramparA hai, jabaki kundakunda ke granthoM meM sarvatra trividha sAdhanA mArga kI paramparA pAI jAtI hai ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha na hokara digambara paramparA kA grantha hai| ve likhate haiM ki-'zvetAmbarIya Agama meM mokSamArga kA varNana karate hue usake cAra kAraNa batalAye haiM aura unakA jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa isa krama se nirdeza kiyA hai| jaisA ki uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 28veM adhyayana kI nimna gAthAoM se prakaTa hai mokkhamaggagaI tacca suNehajiNabhAsiyaM / caukAraNasaMjuttaM NANadaMsaNa lakkhaNaM / nANaM ca daMsaNaM cevacarittaM ca tavo thaa| esa magguttipaNNatto jiNehiM varadasihiM / parantu ( tattvArthasUtra ke ) zvetAmbara sUtrapATha meM digambara sUtrapATha kI taraha tIna kAraNoM kA darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra ke krama se nirdeza hai jaisA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 79 ki nimnasUtra se prakaTa hai-samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArga :-11 yaha sUtra zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha pUrNatayA saMgata nahIM hai / vastutaH yaha digambara sUtra hai aura isake dvArA mokSamArga ke kathana kI usa digambara zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai, jo kundakundAdi ke granthoM meM sarvatra pAI jAtI hai|' mUrdhanya vidvAn AdaraNIya jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ko yaha bhrAnti kaise ho gaI ki zve. mAnya AgamoM meM mAtra caturvidha ( caukAraNa saMjuttaM ) mokSamArga kA vidhAna hai-sambhavataH unhoMne 'tattvArtha-jainAgama samanvaya' nAmaka grantha ko dekhakara hI yaha dhAraNA banA lI aura isa prasaMga meM zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko dekhane kA kaSTa hI nahIM utthaayaa| jisa uttarAdhyayana ke 28 veM adhyAya kA pramANa unhoMne diyA yadi use bhI pUro taraha dekha liyA hotA to isa bhrAnta dhAraNA ke zikAra na hote| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke hI isI adhyayana ko gAthA kramAMka tosa meM vividha sAdhanA mArga kA spaSTa ullekha hai| vastutaH zvetAmbara AgamoM meM dvividha se lekara paMcavidharUpa meM mokSamArga kA vivecana haidvividha 'NANakiriyAhiM mokkho'vijjAcaraNa pmokkho| sUtrakRtAMga nANeNa biNA karaNaM karaNeNa biNA Na tArayaM NANaM / -candrAvedhyaka 73 trividha NANa daMsaNa carittAI paDisevissAmi-isibhAsayAI, 23/2' AriyaM NANaM sAhU AriyaM sAhu daMsaNaM AriyaM caraNaM sAhU tamhA sevaha AriyaM / vahI 19/6 tivihA ArAhaNA pannatA taM jahA NANArAhaNA, daMsaNArAhaNA, carittArAhaNA -sthAnAMga, 3/4/198 caturvidhadasaNa NANa caritte tave ya kuNa ApamAyaM ti / -maraNavibhakti 126 uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 28 veM adhyayana kI gAthA 2,3 evaM 35 meM bhI caturvidha mokSa mArga kA kathana huA hai| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, le0 jugala kizora mukhtAra pR. 133

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80 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA vastutaH umAsvAti kA tattvArtha ko racanA meM mukhya prayojana saMkSepa meM yA sUtra rUpa meM jaina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karanA thA, ataH unhoMne anAvazyaka vistAra se bacate hae sUtrarUpa meM, phira bhI koI mahattvapUrNa pakSa na chuTe, isa dRSTi se vivecana kiyA hai| isI sandarbha meM unhoMne trividha mokSamArga kA vivecana kiyaa| tattvArtha ko zvetAmbaramAnya AgamoM se asaMgati to taba mAnI jAtI, jaba AgamoM meM trividha sAdhanA kA ullekha hI nahIM hotA / jaba AgamoM meM trividha mokSa mArga ke sandarbha upalabdha haiM sAtha hI darzana, jJAna aura caritra kA mokSa ke hetu ke rUpa meM ullekha hai, jaba tattvArtha aura Agama meM asaMgati kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| yadi AgamoM meM mokSa ke cAra hetuoM kA ullekha hone meM hI unheM asaMgati dRSTigata hotI hai to aisI asaMgati to svayaM kundakunda meM hI tathA kundakunda ke granthoM aura tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI dikhAI detI hai-dekhie kundakunda svayaM evaM digambara paramparA ke anya granthakAra bhI uttarAdhyayana ke samAna caturvidha mokSa mArga kA varNana kara rahe haiM NANaNa daMsaNeNa taveNa carieNa smmshienn| hohadi parinivvANaM jIvANaM caritasuddhANaM / / -sIlapAhuDa, 11 NANeNa dasaNeNa ya taveNa cariyeNa saMjamaguNeNa / cauhiM pi samAjoge mokkho jiNasAsaNe diTTo / / -darzanapAhuDa, 30 NANammi daMsaNammi ya taveNa carieNa smmshienn| copahaM pi samAjoge siddhA jIvA Na saMdeho / -darzanapAhuDa, 32 dasaNaNANacarittaM tave ya pAvaMti sAsaNe bhaNiyaM / jo bhaviUNa mokkhaM taM jANaha sudaha mAhappaM / / - aMga prajJapti, 76 yahIM nahIM paMcavidha mArga kA ullekha bhI AgamAnusAra kundakunda ne zIlaprAbhRta meM kiyA hai sammata NANa daMsaNa tava voriyaM paMcayAramappANaM / jalaNo vi pavaNa sahido DahaMti porAyaNa kammaM // -sIlapAhuDa, 3 yadi uttarAdhyayana meM do gAthAoM meM caturvidha sAdhanAmArga kA ullekha hone se evaM tattvArthasUtra meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ullekha hone se tattvArthasUtra

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 81 zvetAmbara nahIM ho sakatA to phira kundakunda meM tIna gAthAoM meM caturvidha mokSamArga-pratipAdana hone para bhI yaha kundakunda kI paramparA kA grantha aura unake granthoM se nirmita kaise ho sakatA hai ? vastutaH aisA socanA hamArI sAmpradAyika buddhi kA pariNAma hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki AgamoM meM mokSamArga ke pratipAdana ko vividha zailiyA~ rahI haiM aura umAsvAti ne unameM se madhyamArga ke rUpa meM trividha sAdhanA mArga ko zailo ko apnaayaa| (2) paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra ne tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kA Agama se virodha dikhAte hue dUsarA tarka yaha diyA hai ki sUtra aura bhASya donoM meM jova, ajova, Azrava, bandha, saMvara aura mokSa aise sAta tattvoM kA nirdeza hai| jabaki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM tattva yA padArtha nau batalAye gaye haiM / sthAnAMgamUtra ke naveM sthAna meM nau padArthoM kA tathA utarAdhyayana ke 28veM adhyAya meM nau tattvoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isake AdhAra para ve likhate haiM ki "sAta tattvoM ke kathana ko zailI zvetAmbara AgamoM meM haiM hI nhiiN|' isase upAdhyAya muni AtmArAma jo ne tattvArthasatra aura zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha jo samanvaya upasthita kiyA hai usameM ve sthAnAMga ke ukta sUtra ko uddhRta karane ke alAvA koI bhI aisA nirdeza nahIM kara sake jisameM sAta tattvoM kI kathana zailo kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| sAta tattvoM ke kathana kI yaha zailI digambara hai-digambara sampradAya meM sAta tattvoM aura nau padArthoM kA alaga-alaga rUpa se nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| apane isa mantavya ko puSTi ke lie mukhtAra jo bhAvaprAbhUta se 'navamapayatthAI satta taccAI' nAmaka uddharaNa bhI upasthita karate haiN| isake atirikta bhI darzanapAhuDa meM Sadravya, navapadArtha, pA~ca astikAya aura sAta tattva kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu isa AdhAra para yaha kalpanA kara lenA ki sAta tattvoM ke vivecana ko daulo digambara aura nava tattvoM ko zailI zvetAmbara hai, samucita nahIM hai / kyoMki paMcAstikAya meM spaSTa rUpa se hameM nau arthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| artha, padArtha, tatva Adi meM koI vizeSa artha bheda nahIM hai / kyA sAta tattvoM meM puNya-pApa kA yoga ho jAne para ve padArtha ho jAyeMge ? uttarAdhyayana meM to unheM nava tattva ho kahA gayA hai| 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, lekhaka paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, pR0 134 / 2. vahI, pR0 134 / 3. bhAvapAhuDa, AcArya kundakunda, gAthA 95 / '4. uttarAdhyayana suutr|

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82 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA prArambha meM nava tattvoM kI hI avadhAraNA pramukha rahI hai| nava tattvoM kI avadhAraNA meM suvidhA yaha hotI thI ki puNya aura pApa kA kisI eka meM antarbhAva karanA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| vastutaH puNya aura pApa mAtra Azrava hI nahIM haiM jaisA ki umAsvAti ne mAna liyA hai| ve Azrava, bandha aura nirjarA tInoM ke sAtha jur3e hue the| puNya aura pApa kA sambandha na kevala Azrava aura bandha se hI hai apitu unakA sambandha karmaphala-vipAka arthAta karma-nirjarA se bhI hai| isalie AgamakAroM ne nava tattvoM kI hI avadhAraNA ko pramukhatA dI / caMki umAsvAti pApa aura puNya kI carcA Azrava ke prasaMga meM alaga se kara rahe the| isalie unhoMne prArambha meM sAta tattvoM kI hI carcA kii| lekina sAta aura nava tattvoM kI isa carcA ko saiddhAntika matabheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki sAta mAnakara bhI unhoMne puNya aura pApa ko svIkAra to kiyA hI hai, cAhe unhoMne unakI Azrava ke bheda rUpa meM carcA kI ho| punaH tattvArtha sUtrazailI kA grantha hai ataH usase anAvazyaka vistAra se yathAsambhava bacane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| caturvidha mokSamArga ke sthAna para trividha mokSamArga, nava tattva ke sthAna para sAta tattva, sAta nayoM ke sthAna para mUla pA~ca naya, tIrthaMkara nAma karma ke bandha ke bIsa kAraNoM ke sthAna para solaha kAraNa Adi tathya yahI sUcita karate haiM ki umAsvAti samAsa (saMkSipta) zailI ke prastotA thevyAsa (vistAra) zailI ke nhiiN| kintu isa AdhAra para umAsvAti digambara haiM-zvetAmbara nahIM, yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hai| phira to koI yaha bhI tarka de sakatA hai ki umAsvAti ne pA~ca nayoM kI carcA kI hai kyoMki digambara paramparA meM pA~ca nayoM kI zailI nahIM hai ataH umAsvAti digambara nahIM hai| (3) tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kI zvetAmbara AgamoM se bhinnatA dikhAte hue paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra Adi digambara vidvAnoM ne eka pramANa yaha bhI prastuta kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM aura usake bhASya meM adhigama ke nimna 8 anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA hai'-sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, bhAva aura alpa-bahutva / isake viparIta zvetAmbara mAnya anuyogadvAra sUtra meM abhigama ke 9 anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai| isameM uparokta 1. satsaMkhyA kSetra sparzanakAlA'ntarabhAvA'lpabahutvaizca / -tattvArtha sUtra 118 inakI vivecanA hetu dekhe-tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya 118 2. aNugame navavihe paNNatte, taM jahA santapathaparUvaNA 1 dajvapamANa ca 2 khetta

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tattvArthasU aura usakI paramparA : 83 8 ke atirikta 'bhAga' nAmaka eka anuyogadvAra aura hai, kintu yadi hama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to isameM saMkhyA ke sthAna para dravya-pramANa aisA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| yaha satra digambara paramparA kA samarthaka hai, yaha siddha karane ke lie AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI yaha tarka bhI dete haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM ina ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai|' SaTkhaNDAgama meM aura tattvArthasUtra meM ATha anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA hone mAtra se tattvArthasUtra digambara paramparA kA grantha nahIM ho jAtA hai| prathama to yaha ki SaTkhaNDAgama svayaM digambara paramparA kA grantha na hokara yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai| isa sandarbha meM hama vizeSa carcA pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| punaH unhoMne yaha nirNaya kaise kara liyA ki zvetAmbara AgamoM meM ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hI nahIM hai| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM jahA~ naigama naya kI apekSA se carcA kI gaI hai vahA~ uparokta nau anuyogadvAroM ko carcA hai tathA jahA~ saMgraha naya kI apekSA se carcA ko gaI hai vahA~ ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai / punaH hama pUrva meM hI pratipAdita kara cuke haiM ki tattvArtha sUtrAtmaka zailo kA graMtha hai, ataH usameM anAvazyaka vistAra se bacane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha bAta hameM usakI tattva-vivecanA, mokSamArga vivecanA, tIrthaMkara nAmakarma vivecanA, anuyogadvAra vivecanA Adi sabhI meM upalabdha hotI hai / jahA~ usameM AgamoM meM varNita saMkhyA kA saMkoca ! kiyA hai / punaH AgamoM kI yaha zailo rahI hai ki unhoMne vibhinna apekSAoM se vibhinna prakAra ke vivecana kiye haiN| jaise-prastuta prasaMga meM ho jahA~ zvetAmbaramAnya Agama naigama-vyavahAranaya se carcA karate haiM vahA~ nau anuyogadvAroM kI aura jahA~ saMgrahanaya kI apekSA se carcA karate haiM vahA~ 3 phusaNA ya 4 / kAlo ya 5 aMtaraM 6 bhAga 7 bhAva 8 appAbahutanva 9 -anuyogadvAra sUtra, sampAdaka madhukara muni, sUtra 105 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra / edesi coddasAhaM jIvasamAsANaM parUvaNadAe tattha imANi aTTha aNiyogahArANi NAyanvANi bhavaMti-taM jahA-saMtaparUvaNA, davapamANANugamo khettANugamo phosaNANugamo kAlANugamo aMtarANugamo bhAvANugamo, alpAbahugANugamo cedi / --SaTkhaNDAgama 11117 (khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 1, sUtra 7). 2. anuyogadvArasUtra, sampAdaka madhukara muni, sUtra 105, pR0 68 3. vahI, sUtra 122, pR0 83

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84 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ATha anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA karate haiN| punaH hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki anuyogadvAra satra nizcita hI tattvArthasUtra evaM usake bhASya se kiJcit paravartI hai aura isalie usameM aisA vikAsa sambhava hai| punaH anuyogadvAroM kI yaha saMkhyA vibhinna prasaMgoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM samyak darzana ke sandarbha meM ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA huI hai, jabaki anuyogadvAra sUtra meM yaha carcA dravya ke sandarbha meM hai| samyak darzana jIva ke kisI bhAga vizeSa meM nahIM hotA hai ataH usameM 'bhAga' kI carcA nahIM hai / jabaki eka dravya dUsare dravya ke kisI bhAga vizeSa meM raha sakatA hai ataH dravya kI carcA ke prasaMgameM 'bhAga' nAmaka anuyoga (anugama) kI carcA ko gaI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama yApanIya Agama hai tattvArtha se usakI nikaTatA tattvArtha ko uttara bhArata kI Agamika dhArA kA hI grantha siddha karatI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama ke anuyogadvAroM ke nAmoM kI nikaTatA tattvArtha kI apekSA anuyogadvAra sUtra ke nikaTa hai, yaha bhI hameM dekhanA hogA / punaH viSayoM ke badalane ke sAtha anuyogadvAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhinnatA ke saMketa zvetAmbaradigambara donoM paramparAoM meM milate haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM hI gyAraha, solaha Adi anuyoga dvAroM kI carcA bhI hai aura isameM 'bhAga' nAmaka anuyogadvAra, jo zvetabAra AgamoM meM bhI ullekhita hai, milatA hai| prasaMgAnusAra anuyogadvAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhinnatA hone se tattvArtha aura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM virodha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| donoM meM yadi eka hI prasaMga meM bhinna-bhinna saMkhyA batAyI gayo hotI to hI unameM virodha mAnA jA sakatA thaa| (4) tattvArthabhASya kA Agama se virodha dikhAte hae paM0 phalacandajI siddhAntazAstrI dvArA yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ tattvArtha bhASya meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA ATha mAnI gaI hai vahA~ zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA 9 milatI hai kintu AdaraNIya paNDitajI ne yaha bhrAnti vyartha hI khar3I kI hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI saMkhyA 8 aura 9 donoM hI prakAra ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| sthAnAMga meM bhI AThaveM sthAna meM ATha prakAra ke lokAntika devoM kI carcA 1. sarvArthasiddhi sampAdaka, paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prastAvanA, pR0, 19 evaM 33 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 85 hai aura naveM sthAna meM nau lokAntika devoM kI carcA hai / 2 isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki lokAntika devoM kI nau kI saMkhyA eka paravartI vikAsa hai| jaba no kI saMkhyA mAnya ho gaI to kisI zvetAmbara AcArya ne tattvArtha ke mUlapATha meM bho maruta nAma jor3a diyA aura isa prakAra tattvArtha mUla aura tattvArthabhASya meM antara A gayA / tattvArthasUtra mUla meM yaha prakSepa tattvArthabhASya kI racanA ke bAda aura siddhasena gaNi kI tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA ke pUrva kiyA gayA hogaa| kintu isa sabase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki bhASya zvetAmbaramAlA bhAgamoM ke virUddha hai| yadi saMkhyA ke bheda ke AdhAra para ho Agama virodha mAnA jAye phira tiloyapaNNatti, sarvArthasiddhi aura rAjavArtika meM hI lokAntika devoM kI 24 saMkhyA bhI mAnI gii| phira to digambara paramparA se bhI tattvArthasUtra ko bhinnatA siddha ho jaayegii| Azcarya yaha hai ki jo 'maruta' nAma prakSipta mAnA jAtA hai, usakA ullekha tiloyapatti aura rAjavArtika meM bhI upasthita hai| isase bhASya kI sarvArthasiddhi se prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki lokAntika devoM kI avadhAraNA meM eka vikAsa huA hai aura sarvArthasiddhi bhASya ko apekSA vikAsa kI sUcaka hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM lokavibhAga ke kartA kA prAcIna mata bhI ullikhita hai (8/635-639) / isameM nau lokAMtika devoM kI avadhAraNA kA saMketa hai; kyoMki isameM vahni ke atirikta Agneya nAma adhika milatA hai| (jJAtavya hai ki vartamAna saMskRta lokavibhAga-prAcIna prAkRta 'loyavibhAya' ke AdhAra para nirmita hai)| isakA saMketa saMskRta lokavibhAga kI bhUmikA meM bAla candra siddhAntazAstrI ne kiyA hai (dekheM bhUmikA, pR0 31) tathA mUla meM bhI yaha saMkhyA 9 hI varNita hai ( zloka 10 / 319 ) jJAtavya haiAgneya (agiccA) yahI nAma zvetAmbara Agama (sthAnAMga 8 / 46, 9 / 34) 1. aitesu NaM aTTasu logaMtiyavimANesu aTTavidhA logaMtiyA devApaNNattA taM jahA sArassatamAiccA vahnIvarUNA ya gaddatoyA ya / tusitA avvAvAhA agiccA ceva boddhavvA / --sthAnAMga-saM0 madhukara muni, 8 / 46 2. Nava devaNikAyA paNNattA taM jahA sArassayamAiccA vaNhIvarUNA ya gaddatoyA ya / tusiyA avvAbAhA agiccA ceva riTThA ya // -sthAnAMga saM0 madhukara muni 9 / 34

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86 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hai / isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki nau lokAMtika devoM kI avadhAraNA bhI prAcIna hI hai aura yaha digambara paramparA (loka vibhAga) meM bhI mAnya rahI hai / ataH isa AdhAra para tattvArtha sUtra ko AgamaparamparA se virodhI mAnA jAye, to vaha donoM paramparA kA hI virodhI siddha hogA / apanI paramparA ko bhI samyak prakAra jAne binA vidvAnoM dvArA tattvArtha sUtra ko digambara siddha karane ke prayAsa meM aise tarka denA samucita nahIM hai / jo zvetAmbaroM meM ariSTa nAmaka lokAntika devoM ko madhya meM mAnane kI avadhAraNA hai, vaha bhI tiloyapaNNatti meM uddhRta lokavibhAga ke AcArya ke mata se sahamati rakhatI hai, yadyapi Azaya ko samagra prakAra se na samajhane ke kAraNa tiloyapaNNatti ke sampAdaka ne usa mUlapATha ko samyak rUpa meM nahIM rakhA hai / paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra ne bhASya aura zvetAmbara Agama meM virodha dikhAte hue eka anya tarka yaha diyA hai ki "tattvArtha sUtra ke cauthe adhyAya meM lokAntika devoMkA nivAsa sthAna 'brahmaloka' nAma kA pA~cavA~ svarga batalAyA gayA hai aura 'brahmalokAlayA lokAntikA' isa 25veM sUtra ke nimna bhASya meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki brahmaloka meM rahane vAle hI lokAntika hote haiM-- anya svargoM meM yA unase pare graiveyakAdimeM lokAntika nahIM hote "brahmalokAlayA eva lokAntikA bhavanti nAnyakalpeSu nApi parataH / " brahmaloka meM rahane vAle devoM kI utkRSTa sthiti dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya sthiti sAta sAgara se kucha adhika kI batalAI gaI, jaisA ki sUtra naM0 37 aura 42 aura unake nimna bhASyAMzoM se prakaTa hai "brahmaloke tribhiradhikAni saptadazetyarthaH / " " mAhendra parA sthitivizeSAdhikAni sapta sAgaropamANi sA brahmaloke jaghanyA bhavati / brahmaloke dazasAgaropamANi parA sthitiH sA lAntave jaghanyA / " isase spaSTa hai ki sUtra tathA bhASya ke anusAra brahmaloka ke devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya Ayu sAta sAgara se kucha adhika hotI hai; kyoMki lokAntika devoM kI Ayu kA alaga nirdeza karane vAlA koI vizeSa sUtra bhI zve0 sUtrapATha meM nahIM hai / parantu zve0 Agama meM lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya donoM hI prakAra kI Ayu kI

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 87 sthiti ATha sAgara ko batalAI hai jaisAki 'sthAnAMga' aura 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' ke nimna sUtra se prakaTa hai "logaMtikadevANaM jahaNNamakkoseNaM asAgarovamAiM ThitI pnnnnttaa|" -sthAnAMga, sthAna 8, samavAyAMga, 623, vyAkhyAprajJapti, za0 6 / u0 5 __ aisI hAlata meM satra aura bhASya donoM kA kathana zve0 Agama ke sAtha saMgata na hokara spaSTa virodha ko liye hae hai| digambara Agama ke sAtha bhI usakA koI mela nahIM hai; kyoMki digambara sampradAya meM bhI lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti ATha sAgara kI mAnI hai aura isI se digambara sUtrapATha meM "lokAntivAnAmaSTo sAgaropamANi sarveSAm" yaha yaha eka vizeSa satra lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ke spaSTa nirdeza ko liye hue hai|"1 mukhtAra jo kI isa carcA kA sAra yaha hai ki bhASya meM lokAntika devoMko brahmaloka kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai aura brahmaloka ke devoM kI bhASya meM Aya maryAdA adhikatama dasasAgaropama aura nyUnatama sAta sAgaropama batAI gaI hai ataH lokAntika devoM kI bhI yahI Ayu maryAdA hogii| kintu zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ATha sAgaropama batAI gaI hai, isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM sUtra aura bhASya kA kathana zvetAmbara AgamoM ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hai| kintu yaha unakA nirA bhrama hai| jahA~ brahmaloka ke devoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu kI carcA hai vahA~ sAmAnya kathana hai / jabaki lokAntika devoM kI carcA eka viziSTa kathana hai| lokAntika deva brahmaloka ke devoM kA eka choTA sA vibhAga hai punaH jaba lokAntika devoM kI Ayu brahmaloka ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa AyusImA ke antargata hI hai to usakA AgamoM ke sAtha virodha kaise haA ? virodha to taba hotA jaba unako Ayu iso Ayu sImA varga se bhinna hotii| yaha bAta alaga hai ki digambara paramparA ne usake lie eka svataMtra sUtra banA liyA kintu yaha satra bhI zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke viruddha nahIM hai, punaH yaha sUtra spaSTatA kI dRSTi se ho banAyA gayA hai, jo yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi kA digambara mAnya pATha pariSkArita hai| (6) tIrthaMkara nAma karma prakRti ke bandha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza-paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra,

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86 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hai / isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki nau lokAMtika devoM kI avadhAraNA bhI prAcIna hI hai aura yaha digambara paramparA (loka vibhAga) meM bhI mAnya rahI hai / ata: isa AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra ko AgamaparamparA se virodhI mAnA jAye, to vaha donoM paramparA kA hI virodhI siddha hogA / apanI paramparA ko bhI samyak prakAra jAne binA vidvAnoM dvArA tattvArtha sUtra ko digambara siddha karane ke prayAsa meM aise tarka denA samucita nahIM hai / jo zvetAmbaroM meM ariSTa nAmaka lokAntika devoM ko madhya meM mAnane kI avadhAraNA hai, vaha bhI tiloyapaNNatti meM uddhRta lokavibhAga ke AcArya ke mata se sahamati rakhatI hai, yadyapi Azaya ko samagra prakAra se na samajhane ke kAraNa tiloyapaNNatti ke sampAdaka ne usa mUlapATha ko samyak rUpa meM nahIM rakhA hai / paM0 jugala kizorajI mukhtAra ne bhASya aura zvetAmbara Agama meM virodha dikhAte hue eka anya tarka yaha diyA hai ki "tattvArtha sUtra ke cauthe. adhyAya meM lokAntika devoMkA nivAsa sthAna 'brahmaloka' nAma kA pA~cavA~ svarga batalAyA gayA hai aura 'brahmalokAlayA lokAntikA' isa 25veM sUtra ke nimna bhASya meM yaha spaSTa nirdeza kiyA gayA hai ki brahmaloka meM rahane vAle hI lokAntika hote haiM - anya svargoM meM yA unase pare graiveyakAdimeM lokAntika nahIM hote "brahmalokAlayA eva lokAntikA bhavanti nAnyakalpeSu nApi prtH|" brahmaloka meM rahane vAle devoM kI utkRSTa sthiti dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya sthiti sAta sAgara se kucha adhika kI batalAI gaI, jaisA ki sUtra naM0 37 aura 42 aura unake nimna bhASyAMzoM se prakaTa hai "brahmaloke tribhiradhikAni saptadazetyarthaH / " "mAhendra parA sthitivizeSAdhikAni sapta sAgaropamANi sA brahmaloke jaghanyA bhavati / brahmaloke dazasAgaropamANi parA sthitiH sA lAntave jaghanyA / " isase spaSTa hai ki sUtra tathA bhASya ke anusAra brahmaloka ke devoM kI utkRSTa Ayu dasa sAgara kI aura jaghanya Ayu sAta sAgara se kucha adhika hotI hai; kyoMki lokAntika devoM kI Ayu kA alaga nirdeza karane vAlA koI vizeSa sUtra bhI zve0 sUtrapATha meM nahIM hai / parantu zve0 Agama meM lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya donoM hI prakAra kI Ayu kI

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 87 sthiti ATha sAgara ko batalAI hai jaisAki 'sthAnAMga' aura 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' ke nimna sUtra se prakaTa hai "logaMtikadevANaM jahaNNamukkoseNaM aTThasAgarovamAiM ThitI pnnnnttaa|" -sthAnAMga, sthAna 8, samavAyAMga, 623, vyAkhyAprajJapti, za0 6 / u0 5 aisI hAlata meM sUtra aura bhASya donoM kA kathana zve. Agama ke sAtha saMgata na hokara spaSTa virodha ko liye hue hai| digambara Agama ke sAtha bhI usakA koI mela nahIM hai; kyoMki digambara sampradAya meM bhI lokAntika devoM kI utkRSTa aura jaghanya sthiti ATha sAgara kI mAnI hai aura isI se digambara sUtrapATha meM "lokAntivAnAmaSTo sAgaropamANi sarveSAm" yaha yaha eka vizeSa satra lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ke spaSTa nirdeza ko liye hue hai|"1 __ mukhtAra jo kI isa carcA kA sAra yaha hai ki bhASya meM lokAntika devoMko brahmaloka kA nivAsI batAyA gayA hai aura brahmaloka ke devoM kI bhASya meM Ayu maryAdA adhikatama dasasAgaropama aura nyUnatama sAta sAgaropama batAI gaI hai ataH lokAntika devoM kI bhI yahI Ayu maryAdA hogii| kintu zvetAmbara AgamoM meM lokAntika devoM kI Ayu ATha sAgaropama batAI gaI hai, isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM sUtra aura bhASya kA kathana zvetAmbara AgamoM ke sAtha saMgata nahIM hai / kintu yaha unakA nirA bhrama hai| jahA~ brahmaloka ke devoM kI jaghanya aura utkRSTa Ayu kI carcA hai vahA~ sAmAnya kathana hai / jabaki lokAntika devoM kI carcA eka viziSTa kathana hai| lokAntika deva brahmaloka ke devoM kA eka choTA sA vibhAga hai punaH 'jaba lokAntika devoM kI Ayu brahmaloka ke jaghanya aura utkRSTa AyusImA ke antargata hI hai to usakA AgamoM ke sAtha virodha kaise huA ? virodha to taba hotA jaba unako Ayu iso Ayu sImA varga se bhinna hotii| yaha bAta alaga hai ki digambara paramparA ne usake lie eka svataMtra satra banA liyA kintu yaha satra bhI zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ke viruddha nahIM hai, punaH yaha sUtra spaSTatA kI dRSTi se ho banAyA gayA hai, jo yahI siddha karatA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra kA sarvArthasiddhi kA digambara mAnya pATha pariSkArita hai| (6) tIrthaMkara nAma karma prakRti ke bandha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza-paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra, pu0 136 /

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88 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA jainadharma kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparA meM antara mAnA jAtA hai / isI AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake karttA kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA jAtA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke Agama NAyadhammakahAo, Avazyakaniyukti tathA pravacanasAroddhAra meM tIrthaMkara nAma karma baMdha ke bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jabaki tattvArthasUtra, SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM tIrthaM - kara nAma karma bandha ke solaha kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai / tatvArthasUtra mUla meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se solaha ka saMkhyA kA ullekha nahIM hai, kintu phira bhI gaNanA karane para unakI saMkhyA solaha hI hai / 1. ( a ) arihaMta - siddha-pavayaNa - guru thera - bahussue tasvasIsu / vacchalayA ya esi abhikkhanANovaAge a / / 1 / / daMsaNaviNae Avassae a sIlavvae niraicAro / khaNalavatavacciyAe veyAvacce samAhI ya // 2 // apavvaNANagahaNe suyabhattI pavayaNe pahAvaNayA / eehi kAraNehi titthayarattaM lahai jIvo // 3 // (ba) Avazyaka niyukti 179-181, tathA 451-53 (sa) pravacanasAroddhAra, 10 / 312 ( devacanda lAlabhAI jainapustakoddhAre granthAGka 58 ) 2. saMvego ( a ) " darzana vizuddhi vinayasampannatA zIlabateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayogazaktitastyAga-tapasI saMghosAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRtyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzruta pravacanabhaktirAvazyaka parihANi mArgaprabhAvanApravacanavatsalatvamiti tIrtha kRttvasya tattvArtha sUtra 6 / 24 dekheM - isI sUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavArtika Adi TIkAyeM | -- jJAtAdharmakathA, adhyAya 8 (ba) "daMsaNavi sujjhadAe viNayasaMpaNNadAe sIlavadesu NiradicAradAe AvAsasu aparihINadAe khaNalavapaDibujjhaNadAe laddhisaMvega saMpaNNadAe jAga tathA tave sAhUNaM pAsuapariccAgadAe sAhUNaM samAhisaMdhAraNAe sAhUNaM vejjAvacca jogajuttadAe arahaMtabhattIe bahusudabhattoMe pavayaNabhattIe, pavayaNavacchaladAe pavayaNappabhAvaNAe abhikkhaNaM NANovajoga-juttadAe iccedehi solasehi kAraNehi jIvA titthayaraNAma godakamaM baMdhaMti / " ---SaTkhaNDAgama, bandhasvAmitva, 7/41

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 98 SaTkhaNDAgama meM solaha kI saMkhyA bhI spaSTa rUpa se dI gaI hai / tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM pandraha nAma to lagabhaga samAna hai, parantu unameM bhI eka nAma meM to spaSTa antara hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya bhakti hai jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama meM usake sthAna para kSagalavapratibodhatA hai, yaha nAma zvetAmbara AgamoM meM upalabdha haiN| aparAjitasUri ne bhagavatoArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM yadyapi 16 athavA 20 kI saMkhyA kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| phira bhI darzana vizuddhi Adi ko tIrthaMkara nAma-karma bandha kA kAraNa batAyA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke bhASyamAnya zvetAmbara mUla pATha meM bhI inhIM solaha kAraNoM kA ullekha hai, kintu svopajJabhASya meM pravacana vAtsalya ke antargata bAla, vRddha, tapasvI, zaikSa aura glAna-ina pA~na ke vAtsalya kA ullekha hai, ataH pravacana-vAtsalya ke sthAna para ina pA~coM ko svataMtra mAnane para saMkhyA bIsa ho jAtI hai| yadyapi nAmoM kI daSTi se tattvArthabhASya ke tIna nAma Avazyakaniyukti se bhinna hote haiN| isa prakAra tIrthaMkara nAma karmabandha ke kAraNoM ke sambandha meM tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kA dRSTikoNa zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM se kvacit bhinna hai| siddhasenagaNi ke tattvArthAdhigamasUtra ke svopajJa bhASya kI TokA meM tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bandha ke bIsa kAraNoM ko mAnate hue bhI yaha kahA hai ki satrakAra ne inameM se kucha kA bhASya meM aura kucha kA Adi zabda se grahaNa kiyA hai (iti zabda AdayarthaH) / isa prakAra tIrthaMkara nAmakarma baMdha ke prazna ko lekara jo vibhinna mAnyatAe~ haiM, tulanAtmaka dRSTi se unakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. darzanavizuddhayAdi pariNAmavizeSa tIrthaMkara tvanAmakarmAtizayAH / -bhagavatImArAdhanA, gAthA 319 kI TIkA pR0 285 2. "arhacchAsanAnuSThAyinAM zrutadharANAM bAla-bRddha-tapasvi-zaikSaglAnAdinAM ca saMgrahopagrahAnugrahakAritvaM pravacanavatsalatvamiti" -tattvArthabhASya, 6/23, 3. "viMzataH kAraNAnAM sUtrakAreNa kiMcitsUtre kiMcidbhASye kiMcit AdigrahaNAt siddhapUjA-kSaNalavadhyAnabhAvanAkhyamupAttam upayujya ca pravaktrA vyAkhyeyam / " tattvArthAdhigamasUtrabhASya, 6 / 23

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90 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA kra0saM0 tatvArthasatra evaM tattvArthabhASya SakhaNDAgama jJAtAdharmakathA aura tattvArthasUtra ko (yApanIya paraMparA) Avazyakaniyukti digambara TokAe~ (zvetAmbara paraMparA) 1. darzana vizuddhi darzana vizuddhi darzanavizuddhatA darzananirati cAritA 2. vinaya sampannatA vinaya sampannatA vinaya sampannatA vinayaniraticAritA 3. zIlavatAnaticAra zIlavatAnaticAra zolavratanirati- zIlavatanirati cAritA cAritA 4. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga abhIkSNa abhIkSNa-abhIkSNa abhIkSNajJAnopayoga jJAnopayoga jJAnopayogayuktatA 5. saMvega saMvega labdhisaMvega saMpannatA 6. zaktyAnusAra tyAga zaktyAnusAra tyAga sAdhu prAsuka tyAga parityAgatA 7. zaktyAnusAra tapa zaktyAnusAra tapa yathAzakti tapa tapa 8. sAdhu samAdhi sAdhu samAdhi sAdhu samAdhi samAdhi saMdhAraNatA 9. vaiyyAvRtyakaraNa vaiyyAvRtyakaraNa sAdhu vaiyAvRtya- vaiyAvRtya yogayuktatA 10. arhat bhakti arhat bhakti arahanta bhakti ___arahanta vatsalatA 11. AcArya bhakti AcArya bhaktix guru vatsalatA 12. bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta bhakti bahuzruta vatsalatA 13. pravacana bhakti pravacana bhakti pravacana bhakti zruta bhakti 14. AvazyakAparihANi AvazyakAparihANi AvazyakApari- Avazyakanirati hInatA cAritA 15. mArga-prabhAvanA mArga:prabhAvanA mArga-prabhAvanA pravacana prabhAvanA 16. pravacanavatsalatva pravacana vatsalatA pravacana vatsalatA pravacana vAtsalya kSaNalava pratibo- kSaNalava pratidhanatA bodhanatA vRddha vatsalatA sthavira vatsalatA siddha vatsalatA tapasvI vatsalatA tapasvI vatsalatA apUrva jJAna grahaNa bAla vatsalatA zaikSavatsalatA 24. x glAna vatsalatA X X X X X X X X xx xx xxx x xx

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 91 tIrthaMkara nAmakarmabaMdha ke isa tulanAtmaka vivaraNa meM tattvArthasUtra kA anya granthoM se jo antara jJAta hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-jahA~ taka tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJa bhASya kA prazna hai-donoM meM solaha nAma samAna haiM, kintu donoM meM hI saMkhyA kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu tattvArthabhASya meM pravacana prabhAvanA ke pA~ca bheda kiye gaye haiM-1. bAlavatsalatA, 2. vRddhavatsalatA, 3. tapasvIvatsalatA, 4. zaikSavatsalatA aura 5. glAna vtsltaa| yadi hama pravacana vatsalatA ke sthAna para ina pA~ca upabhedoM ko mAnya karate haiM to tattvArthabhASya meM tothaMkara nAmakarma baMdha ke kAraNoM kI saMkhyA bIsa ho jAtI hai, jo Age zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya rahI haiM / yadyapi donoM meM nAma aura krama meM AMzika antara hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya bosa kAraNoM meM se tattvArthasUtra meM 15 samAna haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM ullikhita saMvega zvetAmbara paramparA meM anupalabdha hai, usake sthAna para nimna pA~ca adhika pAye jAte haiM-1. kSaNalava pratibodhanA, 2. siddha vatsalatA, 3. sthavira vatsalatA, 4. tapasvo vatsalatA aura 5. apUrva jJAna grhnn| yadi hama bhASya kI dRSTi se ina para vicAra kareM to 16 nAma artha kI dRSTi se lagabhaga samAna haiM-tattvArthabhASya meM 'saMvega, bAlavatsalatA, zaikSa vatsalatA aura glAna vatsalatA hai jabaki Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAsUtra meM inake sthAna para pravacana vatsalatA, kSaNalava pratibodhanatA, siddhavatsalatA aura apUrva jJAna grahaNa hai / yadyapi pravacana vatsalatA mala meM to hai hI aura saMvega ko apUrva jJAna grahaNa se jor3A jA sakatA hai ataH antara mAtra do meM rahatA hai / jahA~ taka tattvArthasatra mUla aura yApanIya graMtha SaTkhaNDAgama kA prazna hai-donoM meM solaha kAraNa upasthita hote hue bho unameM bhI eka nAma meM spaSTa antara hai| jahA~ tattvArtha meM AcArya bhakti hai, vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama meM kSaNalava pratibodhanatA hai, jisakA zvetAmbara mAnya Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtAdharmakathA meM ullekha hai| tattvArthasUtra kI AcAryabhakti SaTkhaNDAgama meM anupasthita hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kI apekSA zvetAmbara paramparA meM nimna cAra nAma adhika haiM-guru, siddha, sthavira evaM tapasvI vtsltaa| isa tulanA se hama do niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM, prathama yaha ki tIrthakara nAmakarmabandha ke kAraNoM ke nAma tathA saMkhyA kI dRSTi se zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara-tInoM hI paramparA meM kvacit matabheda pAyA jAtA

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92 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA hai| na to tattvArthasUtra kI, digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha kI SaTkhaNDAgama se pUrNa ekarUpatA hai aura na zvetAmbara mAnya jJAtAdharmakathA aura Avazyakaniyukti se ho| kintu yadi ImAnadArI pUrvaka vizleSaNa kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki ina antaroM se koI saiddhAntika virodhAbhAsa nahIM AtA / tattvArthasUtra kI AcAryabhakti na to SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ko amAnya kahI jA sakatI hai aura na guru, siddha, sthavira aura tapasvI bhakti tathA apUrva jJAna grahaNa ke prati tattvArthakAra yA SaTkhaNDAgamakAra kA koI virodha ho sakatA hai / vastutaH ye dhAraNAe~ kAlakrama meM vikasita huI haiM aura isI kAraNa unameM kvacit matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| bhagavatoArAdhanA kI aparAjitasari TIkA meM darzana vizuddhi Adi ko tIrthakaratva prApti kA kAraNa batAyA hai| isake AdhAra para kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha mAna liyA hai ki unheM arthAt yApanIyoM ko bhI tattvArthasUtra athavA digambara sampradAya samasta solaha kAraNa hI mAnya hoMge, zvetAmbara sampradAya sammata bosa kAraNa nahIM / punaH zvetAmbaramAnya granthoM meM tIrthakara pada prApti kA prathama kAraNa arihanta-vatsalatA batAyA gayA hai jabaki tattvArthasUtra meM prathama kAraNa darzanavizuddhi hai| isa AdhAra para unhoMne yaha bhI anumAna kara liyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara grantha nahIM ho sakatA hai| unake zabdoM meM isase bho anumAnita hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara grantha nahIM hai|' isa sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai-bIsa kAraNoM kA ullekha karane vAlI Avazyaka niyukti kI ye tInoM gAthAe~ trika haiM / isa trika meM yadi prathama do gAthAoM kA krama badala diyA jAye to zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI prArambha darzana se hI hogaa| ho sakatA hai ki umAsvAti ke sAmane yahI krama rahA ho / gAthAoM ke krama nirdhAraNa se mUla avadhAraNA meM koI antara bhI nahIM AtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI ullekha hai ki prathama aura antima tIrthakara sabhI kAraNoM kA sevana karate haiM kintu madhyavartI tIrthaMkara eka, do, tIna yA saba kAraNoM kA sevana karate haiM / 2.. 1. yApanIya aura unakA sAhitya, DaoN0 kusuma paToriyA pR0 100 / 2. purimeNa pacchimeNa ya, ee samve'vi phAsiyA ThANA / majjhimaehiM jiNehi ekkaM do tiNNi savve vA // -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 54 (niyukti saMgraha, pR0 47),

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 93 punaH tattvArthabhASya ko TokA karate hue siddhasena gaNi spaSTa rUpa se likhate haiM ki 'ete yathoudiSTA guNA darzanavizuddhiyAdaya AtmanaH pariNAmAH samuditAH pratyekaM ca tIrthaMkara nAmakarman AzravA bhavanti na punaH niyamo asti samastA eva vyastA eva vA vikalpA artho vA gabdaH / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki siddhasena bhI darzana vizuddhi se ho prArambha karate haiM aura unake kAraNoM ko vaikalpikatA svIkArate haiN| ataH darzanavizuddhi se prArambha hone ke kAraNa yApanIyoM ko digambara sammata vahI 16 kAraNa mAnya the, yaha niSkarSa nikAla lenA ThIka nahIM hogA; kyoMki donoM meM eka nAma meM to spaSTa antara hai| isa carcA meM saMkhyA kA mahattva nahIM hai kyoMki bhASya, niyukti Adi sabho yaha mAnate haiM ki inameM se kisI eka ke athavA kucheka ke athavA sabhI ke anupAlana se toyaMkara gotra kA bandha hotA hai| ___ jahA~ taka 16 yA 20 kAraNoM ke vivAda kA prazna hai, nAmoM ko yaha bhinnatA SaTkhaNDAgama aura tattvArthasUtra meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita AcArya bhakti kA ullekha SaTkhaNDAgama meM nahIM hai usake sthAna para vahA~ 'kSaNalava pratibodhanA' kA ullekha milatA hai| jo ki jJAtAdharmakathA aura niyukti ke ullekha ke anurUpa hai / vastutaH tIrthakara nAmakarma prakRti ke kAraNoM kA suvyavasthita saMkhyAtmaka vivecana eka paravartI ghaTanA hai| zvetAmbara mAnya jJAtAdharmakathA meM tatsambandhI jA gAthAe~ upalabdha haiM, ve usameM Avazyaka niyukti se hI prakSipta ko gaI haiM, kyoMki prathama to grantha gadya meM hai aura dUsare usa sandarbha meM ve atyAvazyaka bhI nahIM haiN| vahA~ mahAbala ke tapa kA vivaraNa cala rahA hai, koI bhI vijJa pAThaka yaha samajha sakatA hai ki anukUla prasaMga dekhakara ye gAthAe~ usameM DAla dI gaI haiM kintu yadi yaha vivaraNa vahA~ na bhI ho to bhI koI kamI nahIM rahatI / sambhavataH isa bIsa kI saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa niyukti kAla meM hI huA hai| jisa prakAra tattvArthasUtra kI mUla pA~ca nayoM evaM zabdanaya ke do bhedoM kI avadhAraNA se sAta nayoM kA vikAsa huA, usI prakAra tattvArthabhASya ke mUla solaha kAraNoM tathA bhASya ke pravacana vatsalatA ke pA~ca bhedoM se hI zvetAmbaroM meM bosa kAraNoM kI mAnyatA kA vikAsa huA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki umAsvAti kI ucca nAgara zAkhA prArambha meM 16 kAraNa hI mAnatI ho| yadi hama isa solaha aura bIsa ke vivAda ko sAmAnya dRSTi se dekheM. 1. tattvArthadhigama bhASya TIkA 6 / 23 (dvitIyo vibhAga, pR0 38)

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94 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA to na to yaha mahattvapUrNa hI pratIta hotA hai aura na saiddhAntika hI / tattvArtha se jJAtAdharmakathA yA Avazyaka niyukti meM jo adhika bAteM haiM ve haiM-siddha bhakti, sthavira-bhakti, tapasvI-vAtsalya apUrvajJAnagrahaNa tathA kSaNalava samAdhi / jabaki tattvArtha meM ullikhita AcArya bhakti inameM nahIM hai / phira bhI ye sabhI bAteM aisI haiM jinase na zvetAmbaroM ko aura na digambaroM ko virodha ho sakatA hai| kyA digambaroM ko siddhabhakti, sthavirabhakti, tapasvI vAtsalya aura apUrva jJAna grahaNa se koI Apatti hai ? yadi bheda kI hI bAta karanI ho to phira tattvArthastra aura SaTkhaNDAgama bhI eka paramparA ke nahIM ho sakate kyoM ki donoM meM bhI eka nAma ko bhinnatA hai aura vaha bhinna nAma kSaNalava pratibodhanatA zvetAmbara AgamoM ke anurUpa hai / punaH vikasita karmasiddhAnta aura guNasthAnasiddhAnta se yukta SaTkhaNDAgama to tattvArthasUtra se paryApta paravartI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai aura tattvArthasUtra to zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ke vibhAjana ke pUrva kA grantha hai| punaH tIrthaMkara nAmakarma bandha ke bIsa kAraNa haiM yaha avadhAraNA Agama kAla meM nahIM, niyukti kAla meM sthira huI hai aura vahIM se jJAtAdharmakathA meM DAlI gaI hai| (7) digambara vidvAnoM ne 'tattvArthasatra zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai-ise siddha karane ke lie eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM zrAvaka ke guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA jo nirUpaNa hai, usakI zvetAmbara AgamoM ke sAtha saMgati nahIM hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI dikhAyA hai ki isa asaMgati kA ullekha svayaM zvetAmbara TIkAkAra siddhasena gaNi ne kiyA hai aura usake parihAra kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ke dvArA isa asaMgati ko jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai-use hama avikala rUpa se noce de rahe haiN| ve likhate haiM ki "sAtaveM adhyAya kA 16vAM sUtra isa prakAra hai : "digdezAnarthadaNDaviratisAmAyikaproSadhopavAsopabhogaparibhogaparimANA'tithisaMvibhAgavatasampannazca / " isa sUtra meM tIna guNavatoM aura cAra zikSAvratoM ke bheda vAle sAta uttaravratoM kA nirdeza hai, jinheM zIlavrata bhI kahate haiM / guNavatoM kA nirdeza pahale aura zikSAvratoM kA nirdeza bAda meM hotA hai, isa dRSTi se isa satra meM prathama nirdiSTa hue digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavirativrata ye tIna guNavata haiM; zeSa sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, upabhogaparibhogaparimANa aura atithi

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 95 saMvibhAga, ye cAra zikSAvrata haiM / parantu zvetAmbara Agama meM dezavrata ko guNavratoM meM na lekara zikSAvratoM meM liyA hai aura isI taraha upabhogaparibhogaparimANavrata kA grahaNa zikSAvratoM meM na karake guNavratoM meM kiyA hai| jaisA ki zvetAmbara Agama ke nimna sUtra se prakaTa hai "AgAradhammaM duvAlasavihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA - paMcaaNuvvayAI tiNi guNavvAiM cattAri sikkhAvayAiM / tiNi guNavtrayAI, taM jahA - aNatthadaNDaveramANaM disivvayaM, upabhogaparibhogaparimANaM / cattAri sikkhAvayAI, taM jahA - sAmAiyaM, desAvagAsiya, posahopavAse, atihisaMvibhAge / " - aupapAtika zrovora dezanA sUtra 57 isase tattvArthazAstra kA ukta sUtra zvetAmbara Agama ke sAtha saMgata nahIM, yaha spaSTa hai / isa asaMgati ko siddhasenagaNI ne bhI anubhava kiyA hai aura apanI TIkA meM yaha batalAte hue ki 'ArSa (Agama) meM to guNavratoM kA krama se Adeza karake zikSAvratoM kA upadeza diyA hai, kintu sUtrakAra ne anyathA kiyA hai', yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki sUtrakAra ne parama ArSa vacana kA kisaliye ullaMghana kiyA hai ? jaisA ki nimna TokA ke vAkya se prakaTa hai-- " samprati kramanirdiSTaM dezavratamucyate / atrAha vakSyati bhavAn dezavrataM / paramArSavacanakramaH kaimarthyAdbhinnaH sUtrakAreNa ? ArSe tu guNavratAni krameNadizya zikSAvratAnyupadiSTAni sUtrakAreNa svanyathA / " isake bAda prazna ke uttara rUpa meM isa asaMgati ko dUra karane athavA usa para kucha pardA DAlane kA yatna kiyA gayA hai, aura vaha isa prakAra hai " tatrAyamabhiprAyaH - pUrva to yojanazataparimitaM gamanamabhigRhotam / na cAsti sambhavo yatpratidivasaM tAvatI digavagAhyA, tatastadanantaramevopadiSTaM dezavratamiti deze-bhAge'vasthAnaM pratipraharaM pratikSaNamiti sukhAvabodhArthamanyathA kramaH / " isameM anyathA krama kA yaha abhiprAya batalAyA hai ki - ' pahale se kisI 100 yojana parimANa dizAgamana kI maryAdA lI parantu pratidina utano dizA kA avagAhana sambhava nahIM hai, isaliye usake bAda hI dezavrata kA upadeza diyA hai / isase pratidina, pratiprahara aura pratikSaNa pUrvagRhota maryAdA ke eka deza meM eka bhAga meM avasthAna hotA hai / ataH sukhabodhArtha - saralatA se samajhAne ke lie yaha anyathA krama svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / '

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96 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA yaha uttara baccoM ko bahakAne jaisA hai| samajha meM nahIM AtA ki dezavrata ko sAmAyika ke bAda rakhakara usakA svarUpa vahA~ batalA dene se usake sukhabodhArtha meM kauna-sI ar3acana par3atI athavA kaThinatA upasthita hotI thI aura ar3acana athavA kaThinatA AgamakAra ko kyoM nahIM sUjha par3I ? kyA AgamakAra kA lakSya sukhabodhArtha nahIM thA ? AgamakAra ne to adhika zabdoM meM acchI taraha samajhAkara-bhedopabheda ko batalAkara likhA hai / parantu bAta vAstava meM sukhabodhArtha athavA mAtra krama bheda kI nahIM hai, kramabheda to dUsarA bhI mAnA jAtA hai-Agama meM anarthadaNDavrata ko divrata se bhI pahale diyA hai, jisakI siddhasena gaNI ne koI carcA nahIM kI hai| parantu vaha kramabheda guNavata-guNavrata kA hai, jisakA vizeSa mahatva nahIM; yahA~ to usa kramabheda ko bAta hai jisase eka guNavrata zikSAvrata aura eka zikSAvrata guNavrata ho jAtA hai aura isalie isa prakAra kI asaMgati sukhabodhArtha kaha dene mAtra se dUra nahIM ho skto| ataH spaSTa kahanA hogA ki isake dvArA dUsare zAsana bheda ko apanAyA gayA hai|" isa sandarbha meM merA nivedana isa prakAra hai prathamataH to aise AvAntara matabheda eka hI paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hote haiM, hameM to yaha vicAra karanA hogA ki kyA yaha koI mahattvapUrNa saiddhAntika asaMgati hai ? yadi hama guNavatoM yA zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM ke sandarbha meM vicAra karate haiM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki vartamAna meM jo zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA vibhAjana pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai vaha zvetAzbara AgamoM meM bhI samAna rUpa se nahIM hai| vaha eka kAlakrapa meM vikasita evaM sunizcita huA hai| isa sambandha meM pratyeka paramparA meM AvAntara matabheda dekhe jA sakate haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM bhI aupapAtika meM jo pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, zikSAvata kA vibhAjana hai, vaha AsakadazAMga meM nahIM hai| upAsakadazAMga meM pA~ca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvratoM kA ullekha hai| guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vibhAjana tattvArthasUtra aura upAsakadazAMga ko racanA ke pazcAt huA hai, jo grantha aise ullekha se yukta haiM, ve paravartI haiM / jahA~ taka zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke nAmoM kA prazna hai vahA~ taka zvetAmbara AgamoM aura tattvArthasUtra meM nAmoM ko lekara koI asaMgati nahIM 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza-paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra, pR0 140-142 /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 97 hai / upAsakadazAMga, aupapAtika aura tattvArthasUtra meM samAna rUpa se unhIM bAraha nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai / ataH nAmoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara AgamoM aura tattvArthamUtra meM kahIM koI asaMgati nahIM hai / jisa asaMgati kA nirdeza paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra aura anya digambara vidvAn karate haiM tathA jise siddhasena gaNi ne bhI spaSTa kiyA hai, vaha krama sambandhI asaMgati hai / upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM guNavratoM meM samAhita kiyA jAtA hai jabaki tattvArtha meM krama ko dRSTi se vaha zikSAvratoM ke antargata AtA hai / kintu guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA yaha vibhAjana prAcIna nahIM hai, tattvArthasatra ke pazcAt kA hai / tattvArtha meM to aNuvrata aura vrata ye do hI vibhAga haiM / upAsakadazAMga bhI spaSTa rUpa se pA~ca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvratoM kA ullekha karatA hai' / guNavratoM kA nirdeza zvetAmbara Agamika sAhitya meM sarvaprathama aupapAtika meM milatA hai aura yaha nizcita hai ki upAsakadazAMga aupapAtika se prAcIna hai / tattvArthasUtra meM to guNatrata aura zikSAvrata aisA nAma bhI nahIM hai usameM to mAtra aNuvrata aura vrata yahI ullekha hai / bhASyakAra aNuvrata aura uttaravrata athavA zIla kahakara unameM antara karatA hai jise upAsakadazAMga meM zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai use ho ta svArtha bhASya meM uttaravrata yA zIla kahA gayA / ataH tattvArthamUla bhASya aura upAsakadazAMga kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to usa kAla taka vahA~ guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM kA bheda hI utpanna nahIM huA thA ataH unameM koI krama bhaMga huA yaha kahanA hI ucita nahIM hai / hameM mAtra avadhAraNAoM para hI vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie, varan una avadhAraNAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko bhI samajhanA caahie| durbhAgya se hamAre digambara vidvAn avadhAraNAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa krama ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kara dete haiM, aura yaha mAna lete haiM Aja jainadharma kA jo rUpa hai, vaha saba mahAvIra pratipAdita hai / jisake pariNAmasvarUpa jaina - vidyA kA 1. 'paMcAaNuvatti sattasikkhAva iyaM duvAlasa vihaM giridhammaM paDivajjissAmi / - upAsaka dazAMga 1 / 25 (saM0 madhukara muni) 2. tattvArthasUtra 7 / 15-17 3. (a) divratAdimirUttaravrataiH sampanno'gArI vratIbhavati / (ba) etAni ditAdIti zIlAni bhavati - tattvArtha bhASya 7 / 16 -tattvArthabhASya 7 17

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98 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA samasta itihAsa hI asta-vyasta ho jAtA hai / yadi hama aitihAsika krama se dekheM to pahale zrAvaka ke aNuvratoM aura uttaravratoM, jinheM zikSAvrata bhI kahA gayA, kI avadhAraNA banI hogI / usake bAda hI uttaravratoM (zikSAvratoM) kA guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM meM vibhAjana huA hogA / ataH adhikAMza digambara vidvAnoM kA yaha kahanA ki tattvArthasUtra aura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM guNavratoM aura zikSAvratoM ke krama ko lekara antara hai, kevala logoM ko bhramita karane ke lie hai yA mAtra apanI paramparA kA poSaNa karane ke lie hai / aba rahA prazna vratoM ke krama kA to prArambha meM yaha krama bhI sunizcita nahIM rahA yadi hama zvetAmbara Agama upAsakadazAMga aura aupapAtika ko hI leM to vahA~ krama meM antara hai / jahA~ aupapAtika meM anartha - daNDaviramaNa ko chaThA~, dikta ko sAtavA~ aura upabhoga paribhoga parimANa kA AThavA~ krama diyA gayA hai. vahIM upAsakadazAMga meM divrata ko chaThA~, upabhoga paribhoga parimANa ko sAtavA~ tathA anarthadaNDa viramaNa ko AThavA~ sthAna diyA gayA hai| ataH zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM meM sunizcita krama nirdhAraNa aura usa krama ke anusaraNa kI sthiti chaThIM zatI se bhI paravartI hai / jaba Agama granthoM meM evaM prAcIna digambara aura yApanIya AcAryoM meM hI sunizcita krama nahIM hai, to phira umAsvAti para yaha doSAropaNa hI kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne krama bhaMga kiyA hai / jaba sAtoM hI uttaravrata yA zikSAvrata the to unameM eka nizcita krama kA hI anusaraNa kiyA jAya, yaha Avazyaka nahIM thA / siddhasenagaNi ne bhI bhASyakAra para jo AkSepa kiyA hai, vaha apanI sAmpradAyika sthiti ke kAraNa hI kiyA hai / dUsare yaha ki unake kAla taka paravartI AgamoM meM yaha krama nizcita ho gayA thA, ataH unheM yaha asaMgati pratIta huI / umAsvAti ne khAna-pAna se sambandhita uttaravratoM ko eka sAtha rakha kara eka apanA vizeSa dRSTi kA hI paricaya diyA hai ataH yaha kahanA nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai ki zrAvaka ke vratoM ke vivecana ke sandarbha meM tattvArtha aura zvetAmbara AgamoM meM asaMgati hai ataH tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA grantha nahIM hai / yadi upAsakadazA aura aupapAtika sUtra ina zvetAmbara mAnya do AgamoM meM hI kramabheda haiM to kyA ve donoM Agama zvetAmbara paramparA ke nahIM mAne jaayeNge| paM0 jugalakizora jI jaba donoM hI AgamoM ko zvetAmbara mAnakara uddhRta kara rahe haiM to kyA ve unake kramabheda ko apanI dRSTi se ojhala kiye hue haiM ?

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 99 aba yadi yahI krama bhaMga kA AdhAra grantha ke zvetAmbaratva aura digambaratva kI kasauTI mAnA jAtA hai, to prathama prazna to yahI uThatA hai ki kyA tattvArthasatra meM zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM kA jisa rUpa meM va jisa krama se vivecana hai, vahI digambara paramparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| hamAre digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne isa bAta ko bar3e sAhasa ke sAtha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki umAsvAti kundakunda ke ziSya haiM aura tattvArtha kI avadhAraNAoM ke mUla bIja zvetAmbara AgamoM meM nahIM, apitu AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM meM upasthita hai| yadi yahI bAta hai to zrAvaka ke vratoM kI umAsvAti kI pratipAdana zailI aura kUndakunda kI pratipAdana zailI ko jarA tulanA kara lI jAya / umAsvAti jina pA~ca aNuvratoM aura sAta uttaravatAM ko tattvArthasUtra mUla aura bhASya meM prastuta karate haiM, ve kundakunda ke granthoM meM bhI usa rUpa meM nahIM milate haiN| ___ kundakunda aupapAtika ke samAna hI zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata meM vibhAjana karate haiN| jabaki tattvArthasatra upAsakadazAMga kA anusaraNa karate hue zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA aNuvrata aura vrata ( uttaravrata / zikSAvrata ) ke rUpa meM ullekha karatA hai| isase yaha ) bhI phalita hotA hai ki kundakunda umAsvAti se paravartI haiN| vaise kundakunda ke grantha paMcAstikAya ( 1/14 ) meM saptabhaMgI tathA guNasthAna kA ullekha hone se bhI ve umAsvAti kI apekSA paravartI hI siddha hote haiN| jahAM taka zrAvaka ke vratoM kI saMkhyA kA prazna hai umAsvAti aura kundakunda donoM hI bAraha kI saMkhyA to svIkAra karate haiM kintu unake nAmoM ko lekara mahattvapUrNa antara hai| kundakunda digvata aura dezavrata donoM ko milAkara eka kara dete haiM aura unake sthAna para bAraha ko saMkhyA kI pUrti karane ke lie saMlekhanA ko zikSAvrata meM jor3a dete haiM / punaH jahA~ kundakunda anarthadaNDa 1. dekheM-tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja-paM0 paramAnanda jainazAstrI, prakAzita 'anekAMta' varSa 4 kiraNa 1 pR0 17-37 2. paMcevaNubvayAiM guNavvayAiM havaMti taha tiNNi / sikkhAvayaM cattAri ya saMjamacaraNaM ca sAyAraM // thUle tasakAyavahe thUle mose adattathUle ya / pariharo paramahilA pariggahAraMbha parimANaM // disividisimANa paDhama aNatthadaMDassa vajjaNaM vidiyaM / bhogopabhogaparimANaM iyameva guNavvayA tiNNi / /

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100 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ko sAtavA~ aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko AThavA~ vrata mAnate haiM, vahIM umAsvAti anarthadaNDa ko to sAtavA~ mAnate haiM, kintu bhoga paribhoga-parimANa ko gyArahavA~ vrata mAnate haiM / jabaki kundakunda ne use AThavA~ aura guNavrata kI dRSTi se tIsarA mAnA hai| punaH kundakunda aNuvrata, guNavrata evaM zikSAvrata aisA vibhAjana karate haiM jabaki umAsvAti aNuvrata aura vrata ( uttaravrata ) aisA vibhAjana karate haiN| yadi umAsvAti kA zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM kA krama zvetAmbara AgamoM se asaMgata hai to vaha kundakunda se bhI to asaMgata hai| mAtra yaho nahIM kundakunda meM yaha asaMgati tiharI hai| kundakunda ne guNavrata aura zikSAvrata kA bheda mAnA hai jaba ki umAsvAti ne yaha bheda nahIM kiyA hai / dUsare yaha ki kundakunda digvata aura dezavrata ko alaga-alaga nahIM mAnate tathA unakA krama umAsvAti se bhinna hai| tIsare ve saMlekhanA ko bArahaveM vrata ke rUpa meM ginate haiM, jise umAsvAti zrAvaka ke vratoM meM vargIkRta hI nahIM karate / hameM yaha samajha meM nahIM AtA ki Agama se mAtra kramabhaMga ke AdhAra para yadi umAsvAti zvetAmbara nahIM haiM, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai, to kundakunda jisake ve ziSya mAne jAte haiM aura jinake granthoM ke AdhAra para unhoMne tattvArthasatra kI racanA kI haijaisA ki digambara vidvAnoM dvArA mAnA jAtA hai, to unase tatvArthasUtra kI itanI asaMgati kyoM hai ? hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zrAvaka ke vratoM kA aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM meM vibhAjana evaM unake nAma aura krama ko lekara na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA meM avAntara antara pAyA jAtA hai balki digambara paramparA meM bhI avAntara antara pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha antara zvetAmbaroM kI apekSA bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa aura saiddhAntika hai / digambara paramparA meM zrAvaka ke vratoM ko lekara AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda hai / amRtacandra puruSArtha siddhayupAya' meM, somadeva upAsakAdhyayana meM, amitagati zrAvakAcAra sAmAiyaM ca paDhamaM vidiyaM ca taheva posahaM bhaNiyaM / taiyaM ca atihipujja cauttha sallehaNA aMte / / -cAritrapAhuDa (paramazrutaprabhAvaka maNDala agAsa) 23-26 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya 40-176 ( jJAtavya hai ki amRtacandra tattvArthasUtra ke krama kA pUrNataH anusaraNa karate hai aura guNavrata aura zikSAvrata ke sthAna para zIla zabda kA prayoga karate haiM) 2. aNuvratAni paJcava triprakAraM guNavataM / zikSAvratAni catvAri guNAH syudvadizotare // -upAsakAdhyayana 299

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 101 meM,' padmanandi paMcaviMzatimeM aura paM0 rAjamalla ne lATI saMhitA meM umAsvAti kA anusaraNa karate hue pA~ca aNuvratoM aura sAta zIloM kA ullekha karate haiM aura isa prakAra kundakunda aura ina AcAryoM ke vargIkaraNa meM spaSTa antara dekhA jAtA hai| ye sabhI AcArya saMlekhanA ko zrAvaka vratoM meM samAhita nahIM karate haiN| jabaki kundakunda digvrata aura dezavrata ko eka mAnakara saMlekhanA ko bAraha vratoM meM samAhita karate haiN| harivaMza purANa meM tattvArthasUtra kA anusaraNa karate hue digvrata aura dezavrata ko alagaalaga mAnA gayA hai / yahI sthiti AdipurANa kI bhI hai usameM bhI digvrata aura dezavrata alaga-alaga mAne gaye haiN| kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura [ jJAtavya hai ki somadeva ne bhI upabhoga paribhoga ko zikSAvata meM ginA hai aura use 11 vAM sthAna diyA hai| kintu aNuvratoM meM ve acaurya ko dUsarA aura satya ko tIsarA aNuvrata mAnate haiM dekheM--upAsakAdhyayana 7/299-424 ] 1. aNuguNazikSAdyAni vratAni gRhamedhinAM nigadyate / paMcatri catuH saMkhyAsahitAni dvAdaza prAptaH // -amitagati zrAvakAcAra 6/2 [ jJAtavya hai ki amitagati nAma evaM krama meM pUrNataH umAsvAti kA anusaraNa karate haiM unhoMne bhI dik aura deza vrata ko guNavrata aura upabhoga-paribhoga ko 'zikSAvrata mAnA hai dekheM-amitagati zrAvakAcAra 76-95 ] 2. padmanandi-paJcaviMzati : (jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, zolApura ) 6/24 [isakI hindI vyAkhyA meM zvetAmbara mAnya upAsakadazA ke anurUpa digvata, anartha daNDa aura bhogApabhoga parimANa ko guNavrata meM aura dezAvakAzika ( dezavata ) ko zikSAvrata meM mAnA hai-yadyapi yahA~ anarthadaNDa kA krama 7 vA~ hai jabaki usameM AThavA~ hai / ] 3. digdezAnarthadaNDAnAM viratiH syAdguNavratam-~6/109-110 sAtha hI dekheM 6/151 ke nIce uddhRta sUtra, (pR0 113 ) / jJAtavya hai paM0 rAjamalla ne vrata vivecana meM umAsvAti kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| 4. dekheM-harivaMza purANa, jinasena (prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha) 58/136 183 5. svAmi kArtikeyAnuprekSA 330-368-[ jJAtavya hai ki isameM anarthadaNDa ko dUsarA aura bhogopabhoga parimANavata ko tIsarA guNavrata kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI zikSAvratoM meM sAmayika ko prathama, proSadhopavAsa ko dvitIya, atithi

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102 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA sAgAradharmAmRta' bhI AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa kA hI anusaraNa karate haiM / isa prakAra ye sabhI kundakunda se bhinna dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM / ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM yadyapi anya nAma to umAsvAti ke anusAra hI pAye jAte haiN| kintu atithisaMvibhAga ke sthAna para vaiyAvRtya kA ullekha hai| yahA~ bhI jo guNavatoM aura zikSAvratoM kA vibhAjana hai tathA jo krama hai, vaha bhagavatIArAdhanA upAsakadazA evaM aupapAtika se bhinna hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki digambara paramparA meM zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM ke nAma aura krama ko lekara eka nahIM, tIna paramparA pAyI jAtI hai aura punaH ye tonoM paramparAyeM bhI pUrNataH tattvArtha kA anusaraNa nahIM karatI haiM / kahIM nAma kA to kahIM krama kA antara hai| jaba nAmoM meM samAnatA hote hue bhI mAtra kramabhaMga ke AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbara AgamoM se asaMgata mAnA jA sakatA hai aura yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki tattvArthasUtra zvetAmbara paramparA kA graMtha nahIM hai to phira digambara paramparA ke zrAvaka vratoM ke vargIkaraNa kI upalabdha tInoM paramparAoM se kahIM nAma aura kahIM krama kI dRSTi se bheda hote hae bhI tattvArthasUtra usa paramparA kA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? dUsaroM kI asaMgatiyoM ko ujAgara karake apanI asaMgatiyoM ko na dekhanA kahA~ kA nyAya hai ? krama bheda ke jisa tarka ke AdhAra para tattvArtha zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, usI tarka ke AdhAra para vaha digambara paramparA kA bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai| saMvibhAga ko tRtIya aura dezAvakAzika ko sabase anta meM caturtha sthAna diyA gayA hai| 1. dekheM-sAgAradharmAmRta 5/1-23 tathA 5/24-55 jJAtavya hai ki paM0 AzAdharajI ke zrAvaka vrata vivecana meM umAsvAti ke sthAna para zvetAmbaramAnya aupapAtika sUtra kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai phira bhI Antarika krama meM bhinnatA hai| isameM anarthadaNDa ko dUsarA guNavrata aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko tIsarA guNavrata kahA gayA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM anarthadaNDa ko tIsarA aura bhogopabhoga parimANa ko dUsarA guNavrata mAnA gayA hai| zikSAvratoM meM bhI isameM dezAvakAzika ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAmAyika ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| 2. dekheM-ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra (samantabhadra) 51-121 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA (saM0 paM0 kailAzacandajI, jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha zolA pura) 2073-2075

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 103 paMDita jugalakizorajI mukhtAra' ne tattvArthasUtra ko zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA se bhinnatA siddha karate hue yaha bhI batAyA hai ki "tatvArthabhASya meM nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kI carcA karate hue pA~ca paryAptiyoM kA ullekha huA hai| yathA-paryAptiH paMcavidhA tadyathA-AhAraparyApti, zarIraparyApti, indriyaparyApti, zvAsozvAsaparyApti aura bhASAparyApti / yaha suspaSTa hai ki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM chaha paryAptiyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM, jabaki bhASya meM pA~ca paryAptiyoM kA ullekha hai ataH bhASya kA ukta kathana zvetAmbara Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai|" siddhasenagaNi ne tatvArthabhASya kI TIkA meM isa asaMgati ko uThAyA hai, ve likhate haiM ki paramaArSavacana meM arthAt Agama meM to SaT paryAptiyA~ prasiddha haiN| phira yaha paryAptiyoM kI pA~ca saMkhyA kaisI? isa zaMkA kA nivAraNa karate hue unhoMne svayaM yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki indriya "paryApti meM manaH paryApti kA grahaNa samajha lenA cAhie, vastutaH pA~ca aura chaH paryAptiyoM kA yaha prazna saiddhAntika nhiiN| AgamoM meM eka tathya ko aneka apekSAoM se aneka prakAra se vyAkhyAyita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise saMjJA kA vargIkaraNa cAra saMjJA ke rUpa meM bhI milatA hai aura dasa saMjJA ke rUpa meM bhI / yadi hama vyApaka daSTi se vicAra kareM to mana bhI indriya varga se bhinna nahIM hai, use no-indriya kahA gayA hai| ataH bhASya meM mana:paryApti kA alaga se ullekha nahIM hone kA artha yaha nahIM hai ki koI Agama se bhinna mata prastuta kara rahA hai| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tattvArtha mala aura usake bhASya donoM kI zailI sUtra zailI hai aura sUtra zailI meM anAvazyaka vistAra se bacanA hotA hai| punaH prAcIna paramparA meM mana kA grahaNa indriya ke antargata hotA thA / anya darzanoM meM mana ko indriya mAnA ho gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ko racanA para anya paramparA ke sUtra granthoM kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| sambhavataH umAsvAti ne anya paramparAoM ke prabhAva aura saMkSiptatA kI dRSTi se 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, pR0 142 2. paryAptiH paMcavidhA / tadyathA-AhAraparyAptiH zarIraparyAptiH indriyaparyAptiH prANApAnaparyAptiH bhASAparyAptiriti / " -tattvArthabhASya 8/12 3. "nanu ca SaT paryAptayaH paramArSavacanaprasiddhAH kathaM paMcasaMkhyAkA ? iti / " 4. "indriyaparyAptigrahaNAdiha manaHparyApterapi grahaNamakseyam / " -tattvArthAdhigama bhASya TIkA 812 (bhAga 2, pR0 159.160)

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104 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA huA hai| yaha zailI apanAI hai| yaha bAta hama pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki. umAsvAti ke kAla meM na to sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ hI pUrNataH sthira ho pAI thIM aura na Agamika mAnyatAoM meM ekarUpatA hI thii| ataH aise sAmAnya matabheda bahuta adhika mahattva nahIM rakhate haiN| punaH paryAptiyoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca mAnane se yaha to siddha nahIM hotA hai ki tattvArthabhASya aura usake kartA digambara haiN| kyoMki digambara bhI to chaH paryApti mAnate haiM, hama yaha bhI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke sAmane jo Agama rahe haiM ve valabhI meM sampAdita Agama nahIM hai, unake samakSa valabhI ke sampAdana aura saMkalana ke pUrva ke Agama the| ataH aise matabheda svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki jaina darzana meM mAnyatA sambandhI sthirIkaraNa 5vIM-6vIM zatI meM tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kA zvetAmbara aura usake mAnya AgamoM se antara spaSTa karate hue paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra likhate haiM ki tattvArtha ke naveM adhyAya meM jo dazadharma viSayaka sUtra haiM, usake bhASya meM bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM kA nirdeza hai| ina bhikSu kI bAraha pratimAoM meM sAta pratimAe~ kramazaH eka mAsa se lekara sAta mAsa taka kI hai| tIna pratimAe~ kramazaH sAta rAtrikI aura caudaha rAtrikI aura ikkIsa rAtrikI haiN| zeSa do pratimAe~ kramazaH ahorAtrikI aura ekarAtrikI hai| siddhasenagaNi ke isa bhASya kI TIkA likhate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA hai ki Agama ke anusAra to tIna pratimAe~ saptarAtrikI mAnI gaI haiN| caturdazarAtrikI aura ekaviMzati rAtrikI pratimAeM Agama ke anusAra nahIM haiN| isa sandarbha meM unakA spaSTa kathana hai ki yaha bhASya Agama ke anukUla nahIM hai, yaha pramatta gIta hai| umAsvAti to pUrvo ke jJAtA the| ve AgamoM se asaMgata vacana kisa prakAra likha sakate the| sambhavataH AgamasUtra kI anabhijJatA se utpanna huI bhrAMti ke kAraNa kisI ne isa vacana kI racanA ko hai / siddhasenagaNi ne yaha bhrAnti kaise huI isakA bhI ullekha 1. "tathA dvAdazabhikSu-pratimAH mAsikyAdayaH AsaptamAsikyaH sapta, saptacaturda zaikaviMzatirAtrikyastisraH ahorAtrikI epharAtrikI ceti / " --tattvArthadhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA (siddhasenagaNi) 9 / 67 bhAga 2 pa0 205 2. "saptacaturdazaikaviMzatirAtrikyastisra iti nedaM paramArSavacanAnusAribhASya; kiM tarhi ? pramattagItametat / vAcakohi pUrvavit kathamevaM vidhamArSavisaMvAdi nibannIyAt ? sUtrAnavabodhAdupajAtabhrAntinA kenApi racitametadvacanakam / doccA sattarAiMdiyA taiyA sattarAiMdiyA-dvitIyA saptarAtriko tRtIyA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 105 kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki Agama ke prAkRta vacana ke samyak artha ko nahIM samajhane ke kAraNa hI yaha bhrAnti ho gaI haiN| __yadi hama yaha bhI mAna le ki bhASya kA yaha aMza prakSipta na hokara maulika hI hai, to bhI isase unake sampradAya ke nirdhAraNa meM koI sahAyatA nahIM milatI hai| kyoMki bhASyagata yaha mAnyatA zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya kiso ke pakSa meM nahIM jAtI hai| isase itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki umAsvAti kI kucha mAnyatAe~ ina tInoM paramparAoM se pRthak thii| isakA tAtparya yaha bhI hai ki ve ina sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva hue haiN| paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne tattvArtha bhASya kI zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se asaMgati dikhAte hae yaha bhI likhA hai ki "naveM adhyAya ke antima sUtra meM pulAka, bakuza Adi nigranthoM ke nyUnatama aura adhikatama zrutajJAna sambandhI jo mAnyatAe~ haiM ve zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se saMgati nahIM rakhatI haiN| jahA~ taka jaghanya zrutajJAna ko mAnyatA kA prazna hai vahA~ taka to bhASya aura zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM saMgati hai| kintu jahA~ utkRSTa zrutajJAna sambandhI mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vahA~ bhASya aura zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM antara hai| udAharaNa ke lie pulAka muniyoM kA utkRSTa zrutajJAna Agama meM navapUrva taka batAyA gayA hai jabaki bhASya meM abhinna akSara dasa pUrva arthAt pUrNa dasa pUrva batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bakuza aura pratisevanA kuzIla muniyoM kA zrutajJAna Agama meM caudaha pUrva taka batAyA gayA hai, jabaki bhASya unake utkRSTa zrutajJAna ko dasa pUrva se adhika nahIM mAnatA hai| isa prakAra bhASya aura Agamika mAnyatAoM meM antara hai|"2 siddhasena gaNi ne isa antara kA ullekha to kiyA hai kintu unhoMne Agama se isakI saMgati biThAne kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, mAtra itanA hI kahakara isa viSaya ko chor3a diyA hai ki Agama meM anyathA vyavasthA hai| saptarAtrikoti sUtra nirbhedaH / dve saptarAtre trINIti saptarAtrANIti sUtranirbhedaM kRtvA paThitamajJena sapvacaturdazaikaviMzatirAtrikyastisra iti / -vahI 9 / 6 / 7 bhAga 2 pR0 206 1. vahI 9 / 6 / 7 pR0 206 (antima do paMktiyA~) 2. dekheM-jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, le0 paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra, pR0 144-155 3. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA ( siddhasenagaNi ) bhAga 2, 9/61/8 pR0 206

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106 : tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ___isa sandarbha meM hama pUrva meM hI saMketa kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke kAla taka aneka mAnyatAe~ sthira nahIM ho pAI thiiN| AcAryoM meM ina mAnyatAoM ko lekara paraspara matavaibhinya thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki siddhasena gaNi jina AgamoM kA sandarbha de rahe haiM ve valabhI vAcanA ke Agama haiM aura yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha vAcanA umAsvAti ke bAda huI hai| umAsvAti kA mata yadi kisI vAcanA vizeSa se matabheda rakhatA hai to isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki ve Agama virodhI the| jaisA hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki jinheM digambara paramparA apane Agama mAna rahI hai aise prAcIna zaurasenI ke Agama-tulya grantha kasAyapAhur3a aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM bhI paraspara matabhinya haiN| karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ke prazna ko lekara kasAyapAhur3a kI cUlikA aura SaTakhaNDAgama ke 'satprarUpaNA' dvAra ke mata bhinna-bhinna haiN'| phira to inheM bhI bhinna paramparA kA mAnanA hogA / SaTakhaNDAgama meM svayaM Arya maMA aura Arya nAgahasti ke mantavyoM kI bhinnatA kA ullekha AyA hai aura usameM Arya maMkSa kI mAnyatA ko aparyavasita yA amAnya kahA gayA hai| aise aneka pramANa upalabdha hote haiM jinake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki dUsarI aura tIsarI zatAbdiyoM meM AcAra, tatvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA aura karma sambandhI avadhAraNAoM ko lekara jainAcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda the| kyoMki usa yuga meM na to sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa huA thA aura na mAnyatAoM kA sthirIkaraNa / yadi zvetAmbara AgamoM se mAnyatA bheda ke kAraNa-umAsvAti zvetAmbara nahIM haiM-yaha kahA jA sakatA hai to puNya-prakRti athavA jina ke pariSahoM Adi kI bhinnatA ko lekara yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ve digambara bhI nahIM haiN| jo tarka AdaraNIya mukhtAra jI umAsvAti ke zvetAmbara hone ke virodha meM dete haiM, ve hI tarka samAna rUpa se umAsvAti ke digambara hone ke virodha meM bhI lAgU hote hai| yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tarka kA jo cAkU 1. donoM ke mAnyatA bheda ke sambandha meM dekheM-SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana-paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha pR0 148-149 2. isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA ke liye dekhe(a) kasAyapAhuDasutta-saM0 paM0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzaka vIra zAsana saMgha kalakattA 1955 prastAvanA pR0 24-25 (va) SaTkhaNDAgama parizIlana-paM0 bAlacanda zAstrI pR0 646-648 (sa) SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalATIkA pustaka 16 pR0 578

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 107 dUsare kA galA kATa sakatA hai, vaha apanA bhI galA kATa sakatA hai / ataH aise tarkoM ke sambandhoM meM hameM bahuta sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| DA0 koThiyA ne tattvArthasUtra ko digambara paramparA kA siddha karane ke lie jo tarka upasthita kiye haiM, ve ho tarka paM0 kailAzacandajI ne jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga-2 (pR0 228 se 272 ) meM bhI vistAra se prastuta kiye haiN| paM0 jugalakizora jo Adi digambara paramparA ke aneka anya 'vidvAnoM ne bhI unhIM muddoM ko chaA hai| hama una saba kI carcA punaH yahA~ nahIM kreNge| unhoMne jo naye mudde uThAye haiM unameM eka pariSahoM kI carcA meM nAgnya zabda kA prayoga hai| jisakA saMketa paM0 phUlacandajI siddhAnta zAstrI ne sarvArthasiddhi kI bhUmikA meM bhI kiyA hai / tattvArthasUtra meM paroSahoM meM acela ke sthAna para nAgnya zabda ke prayoga ko dekhakara DaoN0 koThiyA ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki jaba zvetAmbara paramparA ne acela zabda kA artha alpacela ke rUpa meM bhraSTa kara diyA, to usa paramparA se apane ko pRthak karane ke lie sUtrakAra ne acela ke sthAna para 'nAgnya' zabda prayoga kiyaa| sarvaprathama to hama paNDita jI se yaha jAnanA cAheMge ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM acela zabda kA alpacela artha kaba pracalita huA ? tatvArthasUtra kI racanA ke pahale yA bAda meM ? zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya AgamoM meM to acela kA artha alpacela hotA hai, aisA kahIM likhA nahIM hai, niyuktiyA~ bhI isa sambandha meM koI ullekha nahIM karatI haiN| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama ullekha cUNiyoM evaM TIkAoM meM milatA hai aura jaisA ki donoM paramparA ke vidvAn mAnate haiM, cUNiyA~ evaM TokAe~ to 7 vIM zatI yA usake bhI bAda racI gayI haiM, phira tIsarI yA cauthI zatI meM hue umAsvAti ko yaha kaise jJAta ho gayA ki acela kA artha zvetAmbara AcArya alpacela karate haiN| kyA ve sarvajJa the? yA ve zvetAmbara paramparA ke udbhava ke bAda hue haiM ? sambhavataH DaoN0 koThiyA yaha mAna baiThe haiM ki 'nAgnya' zabda kA prayoga mAtra digambara AcAryoM ne apanI paramparA ko pRthak sUcita karane ke lie kiyA hai| lagatA hai ki AdaraNIya DaoN0 sA0 ne una AgamoM ko dekhA hI nahIM hai / AgamoM meM nagna ke prAkRta rUpa nagga yA Nagina ke aneka prayoga dekhe jA sakate haiM / ( dekhie-uttarA0 20/41; bhagavatI 1/9/77; sUtrakRtAMga 7/14; AcA0 1/9/6) DaoN0 koThiyAjo ne AgamoM meM acela zabda ko dekhA, kintu nagna kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA / AgamoM meM acela aura nagna donoM hI zabda prayukta hue haiN| I0 san kI dUsarI zato taka zvetAmbaroM

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108 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ke pUrvAcArya vastra yA kambala rakhate hue bhI prAyaH nagna hI rahate the, jo unake mathurA ke aMkanoM se siddha hai / ___ isI prakAra DaoN0 koThiyA ne batAyA hai ki bAraha tapa ke prakAra meM jahA~ uttarAdhyayana evaM vyAkhyAprajJapti meM 'saMlInatA' hai vahA~ tattvArtha meM vivikta zayyAsana hai| ataH tattvArtha kA kartA zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM ho. sakatA hai| yahA~ bhI pratIta yahI hotA hai ki AdaraNIya DaoN0 sA0 ne uttarAdhyayana kI jo gAthAe~ kahIM se lekara yahA~ uddhRta kI haiM, unake atirikta uttarAdhyayana ko dekhA hI nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke tIsaveM adhyAya kI 28vIM gAthA meM saMlInatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue "vivittasayaNAsaNaM" zabda kA spaSTa prayoga haA hai, jo tattvArthasUtra ke tapa ke vargIkaraNa ke anurUpa hI hai tathA haribhadrasUri ne saMlInatA ke spaSTIkaraNa meM viviktacaryA kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake grantha kI merI samIkSA ke pratyuttara meM A0 koThiyAjI ne viviktacaryA meM aura vivikta- zayyAsana meM bhI antara mAna liyA hai| caryA kA artha calanA aura zayyAsana kA artha sonA-baiThanA karake ve inameM antara karate haiM, kintu caryA kA kA artha sadaiva hI calanA nahIM hotA hai, vratacaryA, tapazcaryA Adi meM caryA kA artha calanA na hokara abhyAsa yA sAdhanA hai| yadi caryA kA artha abhyAsa aura sAdhanA bhI hai to donoM hI zabdoM kA artha ekAnta sthala meM sAdhanA karanA hogaa| yadi caryA aura zayyAsana kA artha alaga-alaga mAna bhI le, to bhI mUlaprazna to vivikta 'zayyAsana' kA hI hai| jaba tattvArthasUtra (9 / 19) meM aura uttarAdhyayana (30 / 28) meM-donoM meM bAhya tapa meM vivikta zayyAsana zabda kA spaSTa ullekha hai to phira donoM meM paramparA bheda kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ko uttarAdhyayana kI paramparA kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hI mAnanA hogA / spaSTa satya ko svIkAra na karake zabdoM ke vAk jAla meM ulajhAnA aura yaha kahanA ki vivikta zayyAsana zvetAmbara zruta meM nahIM hai kyA yaha zvetAmbara AgamoM ke ajJAna kA paricAyaka nahIM 1. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana-DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA, pR0 83 2. jaina tattvajJAna-mImAMsA-DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA, prakAzaka-vIra sevA mandira TrasTa 1983, pR0 271 vaho, pR0 273-274

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'tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 109. hai / uttarAdhyayana ( 30 / 28 ) meM vivikta zayyAsana hai - ise paM0 koThiyA jI kyoM nahIM svIkAra karate haiM ? AdaraNIya DaoN0 koThiyA jI ne apane lekha ke anta meM tattvArtha ko digambara paramparA kA siddha karane ke lie do aura navIna pramANa diye haiM, ve haiM - strI parISaha aura daMzamazaka parISaha / unakA kahanA hai " tattvArtha sUtra ( 9/9) meM 22 parISahoM ke antargata eka strI parISaha hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki yaha grantha usa paramparA kA hai, jo mAtra puruSa kI mukti svIkAra karatI hai aura strI ko usake mokSa meM bAdhaka mAnatI hai / vaha paramparA hai, digambara / zvetAmbara paramparA strI aura puruSa donoM kI mukti svIkAra karatI hai, ataH usake anusAra to strI parISaha ke sAtha-sAtha puruSa parISaha bhI kahA jAnA cAhie, kyoMki puruSa bhI strI kI mukti meM bAdhaka hai, para tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne use nahIM khaa| unhoMne mAtra strI parISaha kA hI kathana kiyA hai / " / isI prakAra anya 22 paroSahoM meM 'daMzamazaka' parISaha parigaNita hai / usase jAnA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha digambara paramparA kA hai, kyoMki usake sAdhu pUrNa digambara hote haiM aura daMzamazaka parISaha kI bAdhA unhIM ko hotI hai, zvetAmbara savasra sAdhu ko nahIM / " kintu hama atyanta vinamratA se pUchanA cAheMge ki parISaha ko yaha vyAkhyA unhoMne kahA~ se nikAla lI ki parISaha vaha hai, jo mukti meM bAdhaka hai | parISaha kA artha hai, ve kaSTa jo anAyAsa sahana karane par3ate haiM / punaHjo grantha ina do parISahoM kA ullekha karatA ho, vaha digambara paramparA kA hogA, yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / phira to unheM sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM evaM unake granthoM ko digambara paramparA kA mAna lenA hogA, kyoMki ukta donoM parISahoM kA ullekha to prAyaH sabhI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne evaM zvetAmbara AgamoM meM kiyA gayA hai aura kisI zvetAmbara grantha meM bhI puruSa parISaha kA ullekha nahIM hai / paM0 koThiyA jI jaise praur3ha vidvAn se hama itane aparipakva tarka kI apekSA nahIM karate haiM / punaH yaha bhAratIya saMskRti kA sarvamAnya tathya hai ki sAre upadeza grantha evaM niyama grantha puruSa ko pradhAna karake hI likhe gaye haiM kintu isase strI kI upekSA yA ayogyatA siddha nahIM hotI hai / samantabhadra Adi. digambara AcAryoM ne 'zrAvakAcAra' likhe haiM tathA caturtha aNuvrata ko 1. jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana - DaoN0 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA /

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110 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA "svadArasaMtoSavrata' kahA hai evaM usa sambandha meM sAre upadeza evaM niyama puruSa ko lakSya karake ho kahe, to isase kyA yaha mAna liyA jAye ki unheM strI kA vratadhArI zrAvikA honA bhI svIkArya nahIM hai| punaH kyA daMzamazaka parISaha digambara muni ko hI hotA thA aura mAtra lokalajjA ke lie alpavastra rakhane vAle prAcInakAla ke zvetAmbara muniyoM ko nahIM hotA thA ? kyA svayaM paNDita jI ko yA kisI gRhastha ko yaha kaSTa nahIM hotA hai, kama yA adhika kA prazna ho sakatA hai kintu yaha paroSaha to sabhI ko hotA hai| phira uttarAdhyayana Adi aneka zvetAmbara paramparA ke granthoM meM isa paroSaha kA ullekha hai| yadi daMzamazaka parISaha kA ullekha honA ho grantha ke digambara paramparA kA hone kA pramANa hai to phira DaoN. koThiyA jI ko aise sabhI granthoM ko digambara paramparA kA mAna lenA caahie| yadi digambara muni ko AhAra karate hue kSudhA paroSaha ho sakatA hai, to zvetAmbara muni ko vastra rakhate hue acela paroSaha kyoM nahIM ho sakatA hai ? parISaha vaha hai jo kabhI samaya Ane para hotA hai / tapa kA niyama lekara kSudhA-vedanoya ko sahanA tapa hai, jabaki bhojana kI icchA hote hue bhI AhAra prApta na hone se kSudhA sahana karanA kSudhA parISaha hai / punaH Aja bhI bihAra jaise prAnta meM kyA savastra gRhastha isa parISaha (kaSTa) se por3ita nahIM hote haiN| kapar3e hone para bhI zvetAmbara sAdhu kA sampUrNa zarIra to vastra se DhakA huA nahIM hotA hai ataH daMzamazaka pariSaha to sacela aura acela donoM ko hI hotA hai / kyA tattvArthabhASya kA zve0 paramparA se virodha hai ? / isI prakAra paM0 kailAzacandra jI', paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra2, paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAnta zAstrI, paM0 darabArIlAlajI koThiyA Adi vidvAnoM ne tattvArthasUtra aura tattvArthabhASya kA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM pAMca-chaH 1. janasAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 2,60 kailAzacaMda jI, varNI saMsthAna vArANasI pR0 264-268 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizadaprakAza, paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra pR0 132-147 3. sarvArthasiddhi-sampAdaka paM0 phUlacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI, prastAvanA, pR0 65-68 4. (a) jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA (ba) jaina tattva jJAnamImAMsA-DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA pR0 169-275

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tattvArtha aura usakI paramparA : 111 sthaloM para antara dikhAkara yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki tattvArthasUtra evaM tattvArthabhASya kA kartA zvetAmbara paramparA kA nahIM hai| kintu prathama to bhASya evaM Agama meM jahA~ virodha hai| usakI carcA inhIM vidvAnoM ne kI ho aisA nahIM hai| usakI carcA to tattvArthabhASya ke vattikAra zvetAmbara AcArya siddhasena gaNi ne bhI kI haiM aura jahA~-jahA~ unheM bhASyakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA Agama se virodha parilakSita huA vahA~-vahA~ spaSTa nirdeza bhI kiyaa| kintu Agamika mAnyatAoM se isa antara ke AdhAra para tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti Agamika paramparA se bhinna anya paramparA ke the-yaha siddha nahIM ho jaataa| sabase pahale to hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki jisa samaya umAsvAti ne tattvArtha mUla aura bhASya kI racanA kI usa samaya taka valabhI vAcanA ho hI nahIM pAyo tho / jaba umAsvAti valabho vAcanA ke pUrva hue haiM, to valabho vAcanA ke saMkalana meM unakI mAnyatAoM se kucha matabheda ho gayA ho, yaha asvAbhAvika nahIM hai| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki umAsvAti ke sAmane koI anya Agama the| valabhI AgamoM ke saMkalana hone ke pUrva vibhinna gaNoM, zAkhAoM evaM kuloM ke jaina AcAryoM meM mAnyatA viSayaka kitane hI matabheda astitva meM the| AgamoM meM bhI unameM se kitanoM kA saMkalana ho pAyA hai aura kitanoM kA nahIM bhI ho pAyA hai / ataH 4-6 praznoM para Agamika mAnyatAoM aura umAsvAti ko mAnyatAoM meM matabheda dikhAne se yaha siddha nahIM ho jAtA ki umAsvAti kisI bhinna paramparA ke the / aisA matabheda na kevala zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM meM hai, apitu digambara paramparA jina yApanIya granthoM ko apanA Agama mAna rahI hai, unameM bhI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kasAyapAhuDa kI kSapaNA adhikAra kI cUlikA kA mantavya aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke satkarmaprAbhUta kI mAnyatAoM meM bhI aisA matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| svayaM dhavalA TIkAkAra yaha kahatA hai ki "donoM prakAra ke vacanoM meM kisakA vacana satya hai, yaha to zrutakevalI yA kevalI hI jAnate haiM, anya koI nhiiN| ataH yaha nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki kasAyapAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM kisakA vacana satya hai / varta 1. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya-TIkA-siddhasenagaNi 7/16, 8/12 9/6, 9/48. 49 (tattvArthasUtra ina sabhI ke bhASya kI TIkA meM siddhasena gaNi ne Agama. se bhinnatA kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai)

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- 112 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA mAna kAla ke vajrabhIrU AcAryoM ko to donoM kA hI saMgraha karanA cAhie / ' yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se isa tathya kI sUcaka haiM ki jainadharma aura darzana saMbaMdhI " kitane hI praznoM para dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM AcAryoM meM matabheda thA / yadi kasA pAhuDa aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM matabheda ke hote hue bhI ve eka hI paramparA ke grantha mAne jA sakate haiM to phira kiMcit matabhedoM kI upasthiti meM umAsvAti ko Agamika paramparA kA mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? yA to digambara vidvAn yaha svIkAra kareM ki SaTkhaNDAgama aura kasAyapAhuDa - do bhinna-bhinna paramparAoM ke grantha haiM yA phira yaha mAneM ki umAsvAti bhI matabhedoM ke bAvajUda usI uttara bhArata kI Agamika nirgrantha paramparA ke AcArya haiM, jinase zvetAmbaroM aura yApaniyoM kA vikAsa huA hai aura jo strImukti, gRhasthamukti, anyataithika mukti, kevalIbhukti Adi kI samarthaka rahI / yadi yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki tattvArthasUtra kA zvetAmbara -mAnya AgamoM se virodha hai, ataH vaha zvetAmbara nahIM hai, to isI prakAra -kA dUsarA tarka hogA, cUMki tattvArthasUtra kA digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA se virodha hai, ataH vaha digambara bhI nahIM hai / zvetAmbara aura digambara nahIM hone para kyA vaha yApanIya hai ? kintu tattvArthasUtra ke racanA kAla taka yApanIya utpanna hI nahIM hue the ataH use yApanIya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai - vastutaH vaha uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA kI ucca nAgarI zAkhA aura vAcaka vaMza kA grantha hai jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM kA pUrvaja hai / phira bhI isa bAta ko bhI samIkSA to kara hI lenI hogI ki kyA tattvArtha sUtra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM se bhinna tIsarI yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai ? kyA tattvArtha yApanIya paramparA kA grantha hai ? umAsvAti evaM unake tattvArthasUtra ke sampradAya ke prazna ko lekara nAthUrAma jI premI ne bhI vistRta carcA kI hai / unhoMne hI sarvaprathama unake yApanIya sampradAya kA hone ko sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai / yahA~ hama unhIM 1. dekhe - ( a ) SaTkhaNDAgama 1 / 2 / 27 ko dhavalATIkA SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalATIkA samanvita) pustaka 1, pR0 222-223 (ba) SaTkhaNDAmama parizIlana - paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha pR0 710 2. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa -paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pU0 522-547

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 113 ke tarkoM kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para yaha nizcita karane kA prayAsa kareMge ki kyA umAsvAti vastutaH yApanIya paramparA ke the ? AdaraNIya premI jI ne umAsvAti ke yApanoya hone kI sambhAvanA ke sandarbha meM sarvaprathama yaha tarka diyA ki 'zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya meM jo prAcIna paTTAvaliyA~ haiM, unameM kahIM umAsvAti kA ullekha nahIM hai| ve likhate haiM ki "digambara sampradAya kI jo sabase prAcIna AcArya paraMparA milatI hai vaha vIra nirvANa saMvat 683 arthAt vikrama saMvat 213 taka kI hai| yaha tiloyapaNNatti, mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa, jaMbuddovapaNNatti, zrutAvatAra Adi granthoM meM yaha lagabhaga eka sI hai| parantu isa paramparA meM umAsvAti yA unake kisI guru kA nAma nahIM hai| ___AdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa jo vikrama kI navIM zatAbdo ke grantha haiN| inameM prAyaH sabhI prasiddha granthakartAoM kA stutiparaka smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, parantu unameM bhI umAsvAti smaraNa nahIM kiye gaye aura yaha asambhava mAlUma hotA hai ki umAsvAti jaise yugapravartaka granthakartA ko ve bhUla jaate| AdipurANa ke kartA to unake sAhitya se bhI paricita the| kyoMki unake guru vIrasena ne apanI dhavalATIkA meM eka jagaha gRddhapicchAcArya yA umAsvAti ke tattvArtha ke eka sUtra ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai aura svayaM unhoMne bho jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, umAsvAti ke bhASyAnta ke 32 padya aura prazamarati prakaraNa kA bhI eka padya apanI jayadhavalA meM uddhRta kiyA hai, vAstava meM ve unheM bhinna sampradAya kA AcArya jAnate hoNge|" punaH premI jI likhate haiM ki "digambara paramparA meM umAsvAti kA ullekha karane vAlI jo padAvaliyA~ aura abhilekha milate haiM, ve 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| ina paTTAvaliyoM meM nandisaMgha kI gurvAvalI ke anusAra jinacandra ke ziSya padmanandi yA kundakunda aura kundakunda ke ziSya umAsvAti the| digambara paramparA ke zaka saMvat 1037 arthAt vikrama saMvat 1172 (vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI) ke zilAlekhoM meM jo pAvaliyA~ aMkita haiM, unameM yadyapi umAsvAti ko digambara sampradAya ke AcArya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai, kintu unameM kahIM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai|"2 isI sandarbha meM premI jI kA nimna vaktavya bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai| ___ "gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI aura zilAlekhoM Adi ke pUrvokta ullekha batalAte 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI, pR0 530 2. vahI, pR0 531 /

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114 : tattvArthasUtra aura unakI paramparA haiM ki unake racayitAoM ko umAsvAti kI guru paramparA kA nAma kA aura samaya kA koI spaSTa jJAna nahIM thA, isalie unameM paraspara matabheda aura gar3abar3a hai / pUrvokta zilAlekhoM meM koI bhI lekha zaka saMvat 1037. arthAt vikrama saMvat 1172 se pahale kA nahIM hai aura gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI to zAyada unake bhI bahuta bAda meM banI hai / jisa samaya TIkA granthoM ke dvArA umAsvAti digambara sampradAya ke AcArya mAna liye gaye aura unako kahIM na kahIM apanI paramparA meM biThA denA lAz2imI ho gayA, usa samaya ke bAda kI hI ukta paTTAvaliyoM, zilAlekhoM Adi kI sRSTi hai / vibhinna samayoM ke lekhakoM dvArA likhe jAne ke kAraNa unameM ekavAkyatA bhI nahIM raha skii|2 " dUsare zabdoM meM umAsvAti kA ullekha karane vAlI digambara paTTAvaliyoM kI prAmANikatA saMdigdha hai / 1 paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne umAsvAti ko yApanIya siddha karane hetu yaha bhI tarka diyA hai ki jisa taraha digambara paramparA kI prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA nAma nahIM hai usI prakAra zvetAmbara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI unakA ullekha nahIM milatA hai / ve likhate haiM ki "lagabhaga yahI hAlata zvetAmbara sampradAya kI paTTAvaliyoM Adi kI bhI hai / unameM sabase prAcIna kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI aura nandisUtra sthavirAvali haiM jo vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 arthAt vikrama saMvat 510 meM saMkalita kI gaI thI / umAsvAti ke viSaya meM itanA to nizcita hai ki ve vi0 saM0 510 ke pahale ho cuke haiM / phira bhI unameM umAsvAti kA nAma nahIM hai / nandisUtra meM vAcanAcAryoM kI bhI sUcI dI huI hai parantu unameM bhI umAsvAti yA unake guru zivazrI, bhuNDapAda, mUla Adi kisI bhI vAcaka kA nAma nahIM hai / nandisUtra kI 26vIM gAthA meM 'hariyamuttaM sAiM ca vande' ( hAritagotraM svAti ca vande ) pada haiN| cU~ki umAsvAti ke nAma kA uttarArdha 'svAti' hai, isalie dharmasAgara jI ne svAti ko hI umAsvAti samajha liyA ora yaha nahIM socA ki tattvArthakartA umAsvAti kA gotra to kaubhISaNa hai aura svAti kA hArIta, isake sivAya donoM ke guru bhI alaga-alaga haiM / pichale samaya kI racI huI, jo aneka zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyA~ haiM unameM avazya umAsvAti kA nAma AtA hai, parantu ekavAkyatA kA vahA~bhI abhAva hai / "" 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 531

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 115 __ 'duHSamAkAlazramaNasaMghastotra' (vikrama kI 11vIM sadI) meM haribhadra aura jinabhadragaNi ke bAda umAsvAti ko likhA hai jabaki svayaM haribhadra tattvArthabhASya ke eka TIkAkAra haiM aura jinabhadragaNi ne apanA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya vi0 saM0 660 meM samApta kiyA hai| dharmasAgara upAdhyAyakRta tapAgacchapaTTAvalI (vi0 saM0 1646 ) meM jinabhadra, vibudhaprabha, jayAnanda aura raviprabha ke bAda umAsvAti ko yugapradhAna batalAyA hai aura unakA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 720, phira unake bAda yazodeva kA nAma hai / isake viruddha devavimala ko mahAvora-paTTaparamparA (vi0 saM0 1656 ) meM raviprabha aura yazodeva ke bIca umAsvAti kA nAma hI nahIM hai aura na Age kahIM hai| vinayavijayagaNi ne apane lokaprakAza ( vi0 saM0 1708 ) meM umAsvAti ko gyArahavA~ yugapradhAna batalAyA hai, jo jinabhadra ke bAda aura puSyamitra ke pahale hue| __ravivarddhanagaNi ( vi0 saM0 1731 ) ne paTTAvalIsAroddhAra meM umAsvAti ko yugapradhAna kahakara unakA samaya vIra ni0 saM0 1190 likhA haiN| unake bAda ve jinabhadra ko batalAte haiM, jabaki dharmaghoSasUri umAsvAti ko jinabhadra ke bAda rakhate haiN| dharmasAgara ne to apanI tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ( saTIka) meM do umAsvAti khar3e kara diye haiM, eka to vikrama saMvat 720 meM raviprabha ke bAda hone vAle, jinakA ullekha Upara ho cukA hai aura dUsare Arya mahAgiri ke bahula aura balissaha nAmaka do ziSyoM meM se dUsare balissaha ke ziSya, jinakA samaya vIra ni0 376 se kucha pahale par3atA hai aura unheM hI tattvArthAdi kA kartA anumAna kara liyA hai| garaja yaha ki zvetAmbara sampradAya ke lekhaka bhI umAsvAti kI paramparA aura samayAdi ke sambandha meM a~dhere meM haiN| unhoMne bhI bahuta pIche unheM apanI paramparA meM kahIM na kahIM biThAne kA prayatna kiyA hai !" ___aba hama sammAnanIya premI jI ke ina tarkoM kI samIkSA kareMge aura dekheMge ki unake tarkoM meM kitanA bala hai| unakA yaha kathana satya hai ki jahA~ prAcIna zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyA~ umAsvAti ke sandarbha meM mauna hai vahA~ paravartI zvetAmbara aura digambara paTTAvaliyoM meM unakA 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI pR0 531-532

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116 : tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA ullekha hote hue bhI unake sandarbha meM itane mata-vaibhinya haiM ki kisI niSkarSa para paha~canA asambhava hai| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ke sAtha hameM bhI yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki ina paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para umAsvAti kI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu isa AdhAra para unakA umAsvAti ko yApanIya mAna lenA hameM samacita pratIta nahIM hotA hai| yadi jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM sabhI pramukha granthakartAoM kI stuti ko, to phira unhoMne umAsvAti ko kyoM chor3a diyA ? kyA mAtra isIlie ki ve unakI paramparA se bhinna the| Azcarya to yaha hai ki jaba jinasena apane se bhinna paramparA ke siddhasena kA ullekha kara sakate haiM, to phira umAsvAti kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kara sakate haiM ? yadi hama kucha samaya ke lie yaha bhI mAna leM ki siddhasena yApanIya the, jaisA ki kucha vidvAnoM ne mAnA hai, to yaha Azcarya aura adhika bar3ha jAtA hai / yadi premI jI ke anusAra siddhasena aura umAsvAti donoM hI yApanIya haiM to phira jinasena ne eka yApanIya AcArya kA to ullekha kiyA aura dUsare ko kyoM chor3a diyA ? punaH hama pUrva meM yaha bhI siddha kara cuke haiM ki jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa bhI usI punnATasaMgha kA grantha hai, jo yApanIyoM ke 'punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa' se nikalA hai| ataH unheM apanI pUrvaja paramparA ke kisI AcArya kA ullekha karane meM kyA Apatti ho sakatI thI ? punaH jaba usameM vIra nirvANa saM0683 ke pazcAt ke apanI paramparA ke AcAryoM ko eka lambI sUcI dI gaI hai, jisameM aneka yApanIya AcArya bhI haiM to usa sUcI meM umAsvAti kA nAma kyoM nahIM hai? eka saMbhAvanA yaha vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki jinasena umAsvAti ko yApanIya evaM digambara donoM na mAnakara saMbhavataH zvetAmbara mAnate hoMge aura isI kAraNa unakA ullekha nahIM kiyA hogA, kintu unhoMne zvetAmbara hone ke kAraNa umAsvAti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, yaha mAnane meM bhI eka kaThinAI yaha hai ki jaba unhoMne zvetAmbara paramparA ke AcArya ke rUpa meM ho suvikhyAta siddhasena kA smaraNa kiyA to phira umAsvAti ko kyoM chor3a diyA? hamArI dRSTi meM jinasena ke dvArA umAsvAti kA smaraNa nahIM kiye jAne kA kAraNa unakA yApanIya honA nahIM ho sakatA hai| ___merI dRSTi meM vAstavikatA isase bhinna hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM bhadrabAha ke pazcAt gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM ke bheda prArambha hae aura phira nirgrantha saMgha aneka vibhAgoM aura upavibhAgoM meM ba~TatA ho gyaa| jo sthavirAvaliyA~ aura paTTAvaliyAM hameM upalabdha haiM ve sabhI paramparA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 117 vizeSa ke sAtha jur3I huI haiN| jaba eka samaya meM aneka AcArya hoM to una, sabhI kA paramparA vizeSa ko paTTAvaliyoM meM ullekha nahIM hotA hai| pratyeka varga apanI-apano paramparA ke AcAryoM kA ullekha karatA hai aura dUsaroM ko chor3a detA hai| punaH jisa AcArya ko paTTa paramparA dorghajIvI nahIM hoto, ve prAyaH vismRta kara diye jAte haiM / Aja aneka aise gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM ke ullekha upalabdha haiM, jinako AcArya paramparA ke sambandha meM hama kucha bhI nahIM jaante| unake granthoM meM upalabdha sucanAoM ke atirikta hama unake sambandha meM ajJAna meM hote haiN| ucca nAgarI zAkhA ko AcArya paramparA se sambandhita vivaraNa bho usI prakAra lupta ho gaye jaise bhadrabAha se nikale godAsagaNa aura usakI koTivarSiyA, tAmraliptikA, poNDUvardhanikA Adi zA vAoM aura unameM hue AvAyauM ke vivaraNa Aja anupalabdha yA lupta haiN| sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se hameM yaha bho jJAta hotA hai ki umAsvAti jisa uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiM vaha zAkhA adhika dIrghajIvo nahIM rhiiN| vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdo se pAMcavIM zatAbdo ke bIca mAtra kucha abhilekhoM aura sAhityika sUcanAoM se ho isake astitva kA bodha hotA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvali bho isake saMsthApaka zAntizreNika ke alAvA isa paramparA ke kiso AcArya kA ullekha nahIM karato hai|| ___ ataH zvetAmbara aura digambara prAcIna sthavirAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA ullekha na honA kevala isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki unako uccanAgaro zAkhA aura usakA vAcaka vaMza adhika doghajovo nahIM rahA hai aura kAlakrama meM tatsambandhI sAmagrI lupta ho gii| kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra ko sthavirAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti kA ulleva isalie nahIM huA ki ye sthavirAvaliyA~ paravartIkAla meM mukhya rUpa se koTikagaNa ko vano zAkhA se sambandhita raho haiM / usameM Arya zAntizregika se nikalo koTikagaNa ko uccanAgarI zAkhA ke zAnti zreNika ke Age ko AcArya paramparA kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, jabaki mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM isa zAkhA ke anya AcAryoM ke ullekha haiM / ataH zvetAmbara ora digambara prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM umAsvAti ke ullekha kA abhAva hone se aura paravartI paTTAvaliyoM meM ullekha hote hae bhI eka vAkyatA kA abhAva hone se hama yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAla sakate ki ve yApanIya paramparA ke the / jaba unhoMne svayaM hI apanI uccanAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha kara diyA hai to usameM sandeha karane ko koI AvazyakatA ho nahIM hai| unakI yaha uccanAgaro zAkhA na to zvetA

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118 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA mbara hai aura na yApanIya, apitu donoM kI hI pUrvaja hai / ataH umAsvAti zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrva puruSa haiN| punaH umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM jabaki nirgrantha saMgha meM zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise bheda astitva meM hI nahIM Aye the / ataH paravartI kAla kI ina sAmpradAyika paTTAvaliyoM meM unake sambandha meM ekarUpatA nahIM honA svAbhAvika haiN| unake tattvArthasUtra kI svIkRti aura usakI prasiddhi ke bAda hI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ne unheM apanI paTTAvaliyoM sthAna dene kA prayAsa kiyA aura phalataH unameM ekarUpatA kA abhAva rhaa| bhASya meM yApanIyatva siddha karane ke lie paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne eka tarka yaha diyA hai ki tattvArthabhASya meM acaurya vrata kI jo bhAvanAe~ ullekhita kI gaI haiM, ve sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra nahIM haiM, apitu bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA yApanIya grantha hai, niSkarSa rUpa meM ve kahate haiM ki-'isase bhI yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki bhASyakAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke kartA eka hI sampradAya ke haiN|" __ isa AdhAra para bhASya ko yApanIya mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM, kyoMki bhASya meM acaurya vrata kI jo bhAvanAe~ ullekhita haiM, ve AcArAMga aura samavAyAMga meM bhI milatI haiN| vastutaH Agama sAhitya se hI ye bhAvanAe~ bhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM gaI haiN| ataH yaha kathana bhASya ke yApanIyatva kA pramANa nahIM hai| isase kevala itanA hI phalita hotA hai ki bhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA donoM meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa huA hai| isase bhASya aura usake kartA ko Agama kI usa paramparA kA anusaraNa kartA kahA jA sakatA hai, jo Age calakara yApanIyoM meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| yApanIya granthoM se bhASya kI yaha samAnatA mAtra isI bAta kI sUcaka hai ki bhASyakAra yApanIya paramparA kA pUrvaja hai na ki vaha yApanIya hai| mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAoM kA yaha ullekha zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoMAcArAMga, samavAyAMga, AcArAMgacUrNi, AvazyakacUNi Adi meM milatA hai| zabda evaM krama meM kahIM thor3A-bahata antara hai kintu mUla bhAvanA meM kahIM koI antara nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki tattvArtha. ke bhASyamAnya mUla pATha meM bhAvanAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| usameM kevala itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki ina mahAvratoM kI sthiratA ke lie pA~capA~ca bhAvanAe~ kahI gayI haiN| lekina sarvArthasiddhi aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1. jainasAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI, pR0 535

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 119 kA yaha antara unakI paramparA bhinnatA kA sUcaka hai / sarvArthasiddhikAra ke 'lie bhAvanAoM ko mUlapATha ke antargata rakhanA isalie bhI Avazyaka thA ki usake pAsa Agama yA Agamatulya koI grantha nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai 'ki usane use malapATha meM sammilita kiyaa| isasesarvArthasiddhi ke mUlapATha ke vikasita hone kI aura bhASyamAnya pATha se paravartI hone kI sUcanA bhI mila jAtI hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pA~coM mahAvratoM kI jina bhAvanAoM kA 'vivecana hai ve AgamoM se AMzika hI samAnatA rakhato haiM / jabaki tattvArthabhASya ko vivecanA Agama evaM bhagavatIArAdhanA ke anukUla ho hai| anta meM punaH hama yaho kahanA cAheMge ki tattvArthabhASya aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jo sAmya hai vaha Agamika mAnyatAoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa hai, bhASya ke yApanIya hone ke kAraNa nahIM, bhASya to yApanIya paramparA ke pUrva kA hai| bhASya tosaro-cauthI zatI kA hai aura yApanIya sampradAya cauthI-pA~cavIM zato ke pazcAt ho kabhI astitva meM AyA hai| bhASya meM yApanIyatva ko siddha karane ke lie AdaraNIya premI jI ne eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki naveM adhyAya ke sAtaveM sUtra meM anitya, azaraNa Adi 12 anuprekSAoM ke nAma diye gaye hai, bhASya meM kahA gayA hai 'etAdvAdazAnuprekSAH' ( ye bAraha anuprekSAe~ haiM ) / premI jI, DaoN0 ena0 'ena0 upAdhye ke sandarbha se yaha bhI batAte haiM ki AgamoM meM kahIM bho 12 anuprekSAe~ nahIM milatIM, kahIM cAra kahIM do aura kahIM eka milatI haiM jabaki bhagavato ArAdhanA ko gAthA 715-78 meM inhoM 12 bhAvanAoM kA khUba vistAra se varNana hai, isase bho umAsvAti aura bhagavato ArAdhanA ke kartA eka hI paramparA ke mAluma par3ate haiN| kama se kama umAsvAti usa paramparA ke nahIM jAna par3ate jo isa samaya upalabdha AgamoM kI anuyAyo nahIM hai| mulAcAra meM bhI dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa hai aura vaha bhI ArAdhanA kI paramparA kA grantha hai|"" isa sandarbha meM AdaraNIya premIjI ko Adhye jI dvArA jo sUcanA 'milI hai vaha bhrAntipUrva hai| yaha kahanA ki Agama meM kahIM pUrI bAraha anuprekSAe~ nahIM milatI haiM, zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya kA samyak anuzIlana na hone kA hI pariNAma hai| Agama sAhitya meM na kevala 12 anuprekSAoM kA ullekha hai apitu unakA kramabaddha vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| zve0 mAnya AgamoM kA eka varga prakIrNaka kahA jAtA hai / prakIrNakoM 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthurAmajI premI pR0 535

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120 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA ke antargata maraNavibhakti eka prAcIna prakIka hai, isakI 570 se lekara 640 taka kI 71 gAthAoM meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| maraNavibhakti kI bhAvanA sambandhI ina 71 gAthAoM meM bhI aneka bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM upalabdha hotI haiN| ataH tattvArtha-bhASya, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra meM, jo sAmya parilakSita hotA hai, vaha ina tInoM ke kartAoM dvArA kA Agamika granthoM ke anusaraNa ke kAraNa hI hai| bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura mUlAcAra yApanIya grantha haiM aura yApanIya Agama mAnate the| maraNavibhakti tattvArtha-bhASya se prAcIna hai, vastutaH yApanIya aura tattvArtha-bhASya meM jo samarUpatA hai, usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki una donoM kA mUla srota eka hI hai| isalie donoM kI nikaTatA se yaha anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki tattvArthabhASya yApanIya hai| bhAvanAoM kI carcA ke AdhAra para unheM jisa prakAra yApanIya siddha kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zvetAmbara bhI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki ve ina donoM sampradAyoM ke pUrvaja haiN| ___paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne isake atirikta bhASya kA zvetAmbara sampradAya se kina bAtoM meM virodha AtA hai aura jise bhASya ke vRttikAra siddhasenagaNi Agama virodhI mAnate haiM, isakI carcA kI hai, isa sandarbha meM unhoMne nimna sAta prazna upasthita kiye haiM jinheM hama avikala rUpa meM nIce prastuta kara rahe hai 1-adhyAya 2, sUtra 17 ke bhASya meM upakaraNa ke do bheda kiye haiM, bAhya aura abhyantara / isapara siddhasena kahate haiM ki Agama meM ye bheda nahIM milate / yaha AcArya kA hI kahIM kA sampradAya hai / 2-adhyAya 3, sUtra ke bhASya meM ratnaprabhA ke nArakIyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI 7 dhanuSa, 3 hAtha aura 6 aMgula batalAI hai| siddhasena kahate hai 1. dekheM-paiNNayasuttAI-prathama bhAga-saM0 muni zrI puNyavijaya jI, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya bambaI-maraNavibhatti paiNNayaM-gAthA 570-640 (pR0 151 se 157 taka ) / 2. dekhe--jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa-paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI pR0 537-538 3. "Agame tu nAsti kazcidantarbahirbheda upakaraNasyetyAcAryasyaiva kuto'pi sampra dAya iti / " 4. tiloyapaNNatti meM tattvArtha-bhASya ke hI samAna avagAhanA batalAI gaI hai satta-ti-cha-hatthaMgulANi kamaso havaMti dhammAe / a0 2, 116

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 121 ki bhASyakAra ne yaha atideza se kahI hai| maiMne to Agama meM kahIM yaha pratarAdi bheda se nArakIyoM kI avagAhanA nahIM dekhii| 3-a0 3, sU0 9 ke bhASya meM jo parihANi batalAI hai, usake viSaya meM siddhasena kahate haiM ki yaha parihANi gaNita prakriyA ke sAtha jarA bhI ThIka nahIM baitthtii| ArSAnusArI gaNitajJa ise anyathA hI varNana karate haiM / haribhadrasUri ko bhI isameM kucha saMdeha huA hai| 4-a0 3, sUtra 15 ke bhASya kI TIkA karate hue siddhasena likhate haiM, isa antaradvIpaka bhASya ko durvidagdhoM ne prAyaH naSTa kara diyA hai jisase bhASya-pustakoM meM ( bhASyeSu ) 16 antaradvopa milate haiN| para yaha anArSa hai| vAcakamukhya sUtra kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate / yaha asaMbhava hai| 5-a0 4, sUtra 42 ke bhASya para siddhasena kahate haiM ki bhASyakAra ne sarvArthasiddha meM bhI jaghanya Ayu battIsa sAgaropama batalAI hai, so na jAne kisa abhiprAya se, Agama meM to tetIsa sAgaropama hai|' 1. "uktamidamatidezato bhASyakAreNAsti caitat na tu mayA kvacidAgame dRSTaM pratarAdibhedena nArakANAM zarIrAvagAhana miti / " 2. "eSA ca parihANi: AcAryoktA na manAmapi gaNitaprakriyayA saMgacchate / gaNitazAstravido hi parihANi manyathA vrnnyntyaagmaanusaarinnH|" 3. gaNitajJA evAtra pramANaM / / 4. sarvArthasiddhi aura tiloyapaNNatti Adi digambara-granthoM meM bhI 96 hI antara dvIpa batalAye haiM / bhASya meM bhI 96 kA hI pATha rahA hogaa| parantu Azcarya hai ki mudrita bhASyapAThoM meM 56 hI antaradvIpa mudrita haiM aura ukta bhASyAMza ke nIce hI 56 antaradvIpoM kI sUcanA denevAlI siddhasena kI tathA haribhadra kI TIkA maujUda hai| pratilipikAroM athavA mudrita karAnevAloM kA yaha aparAdha akSamya hai| "etaccAntaradvIpakabhASyaM prAyo vinAzitaM sarvatra kairapi durvidagdhairyena SaNNavatirantaradvIpikA bhASyeSu dRzyante / anArSa caitadadhyavasIyate jIvAbhigamAdiSu SaTpaJcAzadantaradvIpakAdhyayanAt / nApi ca vAcakamukhyAH sUtrollaMghanenAbhidadhatyasambhAvyamAnatvAt / ..." (haribhadrIyavRtti meM bhI bilkula yahI pATha hai|) 6. "bhASyakAreNa tu sarvArthasiddhe'pi jaghanyA dvAtriMzatsAgaropamAnyadhItA, tanna vidmaH kena abhiprAyeNa / aagmstaavdyN"|"

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122 : tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA 6-a0 4, sUtra 26 ke bhASya meM lokAntika devoM ke ATha bheda haiN| parantu bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA, sthAnAMgAdi meM nau batalAye haiN|' 7-a0 9, sUtra 6 ke bhASya meM bhikSupratimAoM ke jo 12 bheda kiye haiM, unako ThIka na mAnakara siddhasena kahane haiM ki yaha bhASyAMza parama RSiyoM ke pravacana ke anusAra nahIM hai kintu pAgala kA pralApa hai| vAcaka to pUrvavit hote haiM, ve aisA ArSavirodho kaise likhate ? Agama ko Thoka na samajhane se jise bhrAnti ho gaI hai aise kisI ne yaha raca diyA hai| isa taraha aura bhI aneka sthAnoM meM vRttikAra ne Agama-virodha batalAyA hai, jisakA sthAna bhAva se ullekha nahIM kiyA jA sakA / isa virodha se spaSTa samajha meM A jAtA hai ki bhASyakAra kA sampradAya siddhasenagaNi ke sampradAya se bhinna hai aura vaha yApanoya ho sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki upayukta tathya zvetAmbara paramparA kI ina mAnyatAoM ke virodha meM jAte haiM jo bhASya para vRtti likhe jAne ke kAla meM sthira ho cukI thI, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AyamoM kA saMkalana hone taka arthAt vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara paramparA meM aura yApanIya paramparA meM bhI saiddhAntika praznoM para Antarika ekarUpatA nahIM thii| AgamoM kA lekhana ho jAne ke bAda bhI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM jitane adhika matabheda aura mAnyatA bheda rahe haiM, utane digambara paramparA meM nahIM the| zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya meM ye antarvirodha Aja bhI parilakSita hote haiN| yahI sthiti kasAyapAhuDa evaM SaTkhaNDAgama Adi yApanIya sAhitya kI bhI hai| kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvali se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhu ke kAla se uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai, aneka gaNoM, zAkhAoM aura kuloM meM vibhAjita hotI gaI / ye vividha gaNa, kula evaM zAkhAe~ na na kevala ziSya-praziSyoM kI paramparA ke AdhAra para bane the, apitu inameM mAnyatA bheda bhI thaa| taba tattva svarUpa evaM karma siddhAnta sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM aneka matabheda astitva meM A gaye the| upalabdha Aga 1. bhASyakRtA cASTavidhA iti mudritaH / Agame tu nvrdhvaadhiitaa|" 2. "nedaM pAramarSapravacanAnusAri bhASyaM kiM tarhi pramattagItametat / vAcako hi pUrvavit kathamevaMvighaM ArSavisaMvAdinibadhnIyAt / sUtrAnavabodhAdupajAtAbhrantinA kenApi racitametat / "

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 123 mika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM AgamoM kI aneka vAcanAoM evaM vAcanAbhedoM ke sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| valabhI vAcanA aura mAthurI vAcanA meM bhI antara thaa| bhagavato ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM AgamoM ke jo udAharaNa upalabdha hote haiM ve isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki unheM jo Agama grantha yA unake aMza upalabdha the, ve sambhavataH mAthurI vAcanA ke rahe haiN| hameM yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM vartamAna meM jo Agama upalabdha haiM ve vajrozAkhA ke haiN| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya ke kartA umAsvAti uccanAgara zAkhA ke haiM, ataH yaha sambhava hai ki uccanAgarazAkhA aura vajro zAkhA meM kucha mAnyatA bheda rahA ho| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne jina matabhedoM ko carcA kI hai unameM se kucha mAnyatAe~ tiloyapaNNatti nAmaka granya meM upalabdha hotI hai| tiloyapaNNatti apane mUla svarUpa meM yApanIya paramparA kA graMtha rahA hai| yadyapi bAda meM use parivartita kara diyA gyaa| tiloyapaNNatti kA AdhAra bhI Agama hI hai aura isase isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki umAsvAti ke samakSa Agama sambandhI vibhinna vAcanAe~ thIM aura unameM se ve kisI eka kA anusaraNa kara rahe the| ___nArakiyoM ke zarIra kI U~cAI tathA antardIpoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bhASyakAra kA mata tiloyapaNNatti ke samAna hai| jahA~ taka lokAntika devoM ko saMkhyA kA prazna hai zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya Agama sthAnAMga aura bhagavato meM ATha aura nau donoM hI taraha kI mAnyatAe~ milatI haiN| ataH siddhasenagaNi ke dvArA dikhAye gaye ina matabhedoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA ki umAsvAti usa pUrvaja dhArA ke nahIM the, jisase yApanoya ora zvetAmbara dhArAyeM vikasita huI haiN| yaha smaraNa rakhanA hI hogA ki umAsvAti balabhIvAcanA (vIra 'ni0 saMvat 980) ke lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva hue-ataH yaha svAbhAvika thA ki unake mantavyoM kA valabhovAcanA ke AgamoM se AMzika matabheda ho| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki balabhIvAcanA ke samaya madhya deza meM sthita ucca nAgara zAkhA ke pratinidhi upasthita nahIM rahe hoM aura unake mantavyoM kA saMkalana na ho pAyA ho| paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne umAsvAti ke yApanIya hone ke lie eka tarka yaha bhI diyA hai ki unake guru ghoSanando aura ziva bhI unake yApa- nIya hone kA saMketa dete haiN| kyoMki nandayanta nAma yApanIya paramparA meM

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124 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA milate haiM jaise zivArya ke guru mitranandi, jinanandi Adi / unhoMne yaha bhI sambhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki umAsvAti ke vAcanApraguru zivazrI Arya ziva hI hoM / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vAcanAguru mUla kA bhI pUrA nAma mUlanandI ho / AdaraNIya premI jo isa sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karane meM katipaya kaThinAIyA~ haiM / sarva prathama AdaraNIya premI jo kI yaha mAnyatA ki nandI nAmAnta nAma kevala yApanIya nandIsaMgha meM rahe haiM, samucita nahIM hai / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI yA nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI ke atirikta mathurA ke. abhilekhoM meM bhI nandI nAmAnta nAma milate haiM / dUsare yaha ki jaba premI jI svayaM tattvArthabhASya ko umAsvAti kI kRti mAnate hai aura yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki bhASya meM kiye gaye unake dIkSA guru aura praguru tathA vAcanA guru aura praguru ke nAma yathArtha haiM to phira unhe yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki usameM jo ucca nAgara zAkhA aura vAcaka vaMza kA ullekha hai vaha bhI prAmANika hai / spaSTa hai ki yApanIyoM meM kisI bhI uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvali meM spaSTa rUpa se uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai / ucca-nAgara zAkhA ke prathama, dvitIya evaM tRtIya zatAbdI ke nau abhilekha bhI mathurA se prApta hote haiN| yaha spaSTa hai ki na to digambara paramparA meM kisI ucca nAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai aura na yApanoya paramparA meM uccanAgara zAkhA kA ullekha hai / jabaki zvetAmbaroM kI pUrvaja dhArA meM isakA ullekha hai / nAgarazAkhA kA astitva hameM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para tRtIya zatAbdI taka milatA hai| yahI kAla umAsvAti kA bhI siddha hotA hai / isa kAla taka yApanIya paramparA spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM nahIM A pAyI thI / yadi hama mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva mAnate haiM to kalpasUtra kI sUcanAnusAra ucca nAgara zAkhA vikramaH saMvat ke lagabhaga 40 varSa pUrva astitva meM AyI / tathA vastrapAtra sambandhI: vivAda bhI vikrama saMvat kI lagabhaga dvitIya zatI ke antima dazaka evaM tRtIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huA hogA / Avazyaka mUlabhASya kI sUcanA ke anusAra bhI uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM zivArya aura Arya-kRSNa ke bIca vastra evaM pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prArambha ho gayA thA yadyapi AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti ke madhya vIra nirvANa saMvat 609 tadanusAra 1 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthurAma jI premI, pR0 533 /

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paraMparA : 125 vikrama saMvat 199 arthAt vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke anta tathA tRtIya zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vastra, pAtra ko lekara vivAda huA thA / tathApi saMghabheda nahIM huA thA, vaha to unake zipya praziSyoM ke kAla meM arthAt tIsarI zatI ke uttarArdha meM huaa|' AdaraNIya premI jI isa mAnyatA meM kucha satyatA ho sakatI hai ki ye ho Arya zivabhUti umAsvAti ke praguru zivazrI rahe hoM, kyoMki donoM hI usI koTikagaNa ke haiM / unheM praguru mAnane para umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke anta aura caturtha zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki saMgha bheda kI ghaTanA aura umAsvAti samakAlika hI hai yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki umAsvAti ke gurumUla yA mUlanandI ke nAma mUlagaNa nikalA ho, jo dakSiNa meM saMgha ke nAma se jAnA gayA ho aura jaisA ki hama likha cuke haiM isI mUlagaNa / mUlasaMgha se yApanIyoM kA vikAsa huA hai / mUlasaMgha ke abhilekha bhI vikrama saM0 427 ( I0 san 370 ) aura vikrama saM0 472 ( I0 saM0 425 ) ke lagabhaga ke anumAnita hai kintu ye bhI umAsvAti ke bAda ke haiM / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya saMgha umAsvAti ke kucha bAda ke haiM / yadi boTika yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja haiM to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki umAsvAti kI uccanAgarI zAkhA bhI yApanIyoM kI pUrvaja hai / vastutaH umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM uttara bhArata meM mAnyatA bheda apanI jar3eM to jamA rahe the, kintu unake AdhAra para sampradAyoM kA dhruvIkaraNa nahIM ho pAyA thaa| unakA kAla sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM evaM spaSTa saMghabheda ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva kA hai / 1 merI dRSTi meM umAsvAti digambara parampA ke to bilkula hI nahIM haiM, ve yApanIya bhI nahIM haiM, apitu uttara bhArata ko usa nirgrantha paramparA meM 1. boDiya sivabhUIo voDiyaliMgassa hoi uppattI / koDiNNa koTvIrA paraMparA phAsamuppaNA // -- Avazyaka mUlabhASya 148 Avazyakaniyukti haribhadrIya vRtti uddhRta pR0 215 / 2. dekhe - mahAvIra kA nirmANa-kAla- DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, zramaNa, akTUbara disambara 92 / 3. dekheM - zvetAmbara mUlasaMgha evaM mAthurasaMgha : eka vimarza, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina zramaNa - julAI-sitambara 92 /

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126 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA hue hai jisase eka ora boTika ( yApanIyoM) kA vikAsa huA, to dUsarI ora zvetAmbaroM kaa| ve usa koTikagaNa aura uccanAgara zAkhA meM hue haiM jisase vibhakta hokara uttara bhAratIya sacela-acela paramparAe~ vikasita huI haiM / cAhe umAsvAti ko AgamoM kA anusaraNa karane vAlI evaM apavAda mArga meM vastra-pAtra kI samarthaka paramparA ke hone ke kAraNa aura kalpasUtra ko sthavirAlI meM unakI ucca nAgarI zAkhA kA ullekha hone ke kAraNa zvetAmbara kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu ve usa artha meM zvetAmbara nahIM haiM, jisa artha meM Aja hama unheM zvetAmbara samajha rahe haiN| mAtra ve vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke pUrvaja haiM / pATaliputra meM tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI racanA bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ve uttara bhArata ke usa nirgrantha saMgha ke sadasya the, jisake uttarAdhikArI zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI haiM aura isa dRSTi se ve zvetAmbaroM evaM yApanIyoM ke pUrvaja haiN| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM AgamoM kA anusaraNa tathA zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM dvArA mAnya aneka avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti yahI siddha karatI hai, ki AgamoM kI taraha zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ko tattvArthasUtra aura usakA bhASya bhI uttarAdhikAra meM prApta hue haiM aura isIlie donoM hI use apanI paramparA kA kaheM, to usameM koI atizayokti nahIM honI caahie| hA~ itanA avazya hai ki digambara paramparA ko tattvArtha sIdhe uttarAdhikAra meM nahIM milA hai| usane use yApanIyoM se prApta kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavAtika tathA zlokavAttika para tattvArthasUtra ke svopajJa bhASya kA spaSTa prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / bhASya aura digambara paramparA meM mAnya sarvArthasiddhi kI TIkA meM kitanI sAmyatA hai, ise paM0 nAthUrAmajo premI ne spaSTa rUpa se siddha kiyA hai aura unhoMne yaha bhI batAyAhai ki bhASya kI lekhana zailI prasanna evaM gambhIra hote hue bhI dArzanikatA kI dRSTi se parizolita hai| jaina sAhitya meM dArzanika zailI ke vikAsa ke pazcAt sarvArthasiddhi likhI gaI hai, aisA vikAsa bhASya meM nahIM dikhAI detA / bhASya kama vikasita hai| arthakI daSTi se bhI sarvArthasiddhi (bhASya kI apekSA) arvAcIna mAlUma hotI hai| jo bAta bhASya meM hai, sarvArthasiddhi meM usako vistRta karake aura usa para adhika carcA karake nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vyAkaraNa aura jainetara darzanoM kI carcA bhI usameM adhika hai| jaina paribhASAoM kA jo vizadIkaraNa aura vaktavya kA pRthakkaraNa savArthasiddhi meM hai, vaha bhASya meM kama se kama hai| bhASya kI apekSA usameM tArkikatA

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 127 adhika hai aura anya darzanoM kA khaNDana bhI jora pakar3atA hai| ye saba bAteM sarvArthasiddhi se bhASya ko prAcIna siddha karatI haiN|" "yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jisa taraha se tattvArthasatra para svopajJa bhASya ke atirikta zvetAmbara aura digambara TokAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM usa taraha se yadyapi Aja koI yApanIya TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai kintu usakI yApanIya TIkAe~ bhI rahI haiM aura ye TIkAyeM bhASya se paravartI hokara bhI zvetAmbara siddhasenagaNi aura haribhadra kI TIkAoM se tathA digambara pUjyapAda kI TIkAoM se prAcIna hai| kyoMki inako upasthiti ke saMketa sarvArthasiddhi aura siddhasena ko vRtti meM upalabdha hote hai|" sarvArthasiddhi ke mAdhyama se hI tattvArthasatra kA praveza digambara paraMparA meM huA haiM / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yApanIya aura zvetAmbara tattvArthasUtra sIdhe uttarAdhikArI hai jabaki digambaroM ko yaha yApanIyoM ke dvArA prApta huA hai| tattvArthasatra aura bhASya meM jo yApanIya aura zvetAmbara tathya parilakSita hote haiM ve vastutaH una donoM ko eka hI pUrvaja paraMparA ke kAraNa haiN| tattvArthasUtra aura bhASya ke yApanIya hone kA sabase mahattvapUrNa jo tarka diyA jA sakatA hai vaha yaha ki usameM puruSaveda, hAsya, rati aura samyaktva mohanIya ko puNya prakRti kahA gayA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ho sampradAya inheM puNya-prakRti nahIM mAnate haiN| siddhasenagaNi ne to isa sUtra kI TokA karate hue likhA hai ki "karma prakRti grantha kA anusaraNa karane vAle to 42 prakRtiyoM ko hI puNya rUpa mAnate haiM, unameM samyaktva, hAsya, rati aura puruSaveda nahIM haiM / sampradAya viccheda hone ke kAraNa maiM nahIM jAnatA ki inameM bhASyakAra kA kyA abhiprAya hI aura karma prakRti grantha praNeNatAoM kA kyA abhiprAya hai| caudaha pUrvadhArI hai isakI ThIka-ThIka vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM / " isake viparIta bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 1. janasAhitya aura itihAsa, paM0 nAthurAmajI premI, pR0 528 2. vahI pR0 441 3. "karmaprakRtigranthAnusAriNastu dvAcatvAriMzatprakRtoH puNyAH kathayanti |"aasaaN ca madhye samyaktvahAsyaratipuruSavedA na santyeveti / ko'bhiprAyo bhASyakRtaH ko vA karmaprakRtigranthapraNayinAmitisampradAyavicchedAnmayA tAvanna vyajJAyoti / caturdazapUrvadharAdayastu saMvidate yathAvaditi nirdoSaM vyAkhyAtam / " / -tattvArthAdhigamasUtra bhASya TIkA (siddhasena) 8 /

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128 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA vijayodayA TIkA meM aparAjita ne ina cAroM prakRtiyoM ko puNya rUpa mAnA hai|' bhASya meM ina cAra prakRtiyoM ko puNya rUpa mAnanA vastutaH isa bAta -sUcaka hai ki pUrva meM koI eka paramparA aisI thI, jo inheM puNyarUpa mAnatI thii| isase itanA hI siddha hotA hai ki yApanIyoM ne isa sandarbha meM bhASya kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai, kintu karma granthoM para bala dene vAlI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparAoM ne unheM svIkRti nahIM dii| yahI hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI se tIsarI zatAvdI ke bIca uttara bhArata ke jainoM meM aneka aisI dhAraNAyeM upasthita thI, jinameM se kucha yApanIya paramparA meM jIvita rahI, kucha zvetAmbaroM meM mAnya rahI / vastutaH tatvArtha kA kAla jaina darzana ke vikAsa kA kAla thA / anya dRSTi se use darzana vyavasthA kA kAla bhI kahA jAtA hai| usa kAla meM upasthita aneka dhAraNAoM meM se kucha aisI bhI haiM jo kisI ke dvArA svIkRta nahIM hone se vilupta ho gaI, jaise kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnane vAlI paramparA athavA SaTjIvanikAya meM tona trasa aura tIna sthAvara mAnane vAlI paramparA Adi / usa yuga meM inake astitva ke saMketa to milate haiM, kintu Age calakara ye vilupta ho jAtI haiN| Aja na to zvetAmbara meM aisA koI hai jo kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnatA ho aura na koI aisA hai jo tIna basa aura tIna sthAvara ko svIkAra karatA ho| yadyapi zvetAmbara AgamoM evaM tattvArthasUtra meM unake astitva kI sUcanA hai| ataH isa samagra carcA se hama isI nirNaya para para pahu~cate hai ki tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA uttara bhArata ko usa nirgranya dhArA meM hae haiM, jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara ( uttara bhArata kI sacela dhArA) aura yApanIya ( uttara bhArata ko acela dhArA) paramparAyeM vikasita haI haiM / ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja haiM / hA~ itanA avazya hai ki ve dakSiNa bhAratIya acela-dhArA se jise hama digambara kahate haiM, sIdhe rUpa se sambaddha nahIM haiN| tattvArthasUtra kA kAla isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki umAsvAti aura unakA tattvArtha jainadharma 1. sadvedya samyaktvaM rati hAsyapuvedAH zubheH nAma gotre zubhaM Ayu puNyaM, etebhyo anyAni pApAni / (bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1643 paMkti 4) uddhRta jainasAhitya aura itihAsa paM0 nAthUrAma premI pR0 543

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tatvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 129 kI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya paramparAoM meM se mUlataH kisase sambandhita rahA hai, yaha prazna vidvAnoM ke mastiSka ko jhakajhoratA rahA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne mUlagrantha ke sAtha-sAtha usake bhASya aura prazamarati ko umAsvAti kI hI kRti mAnakara una donoM meM upalabdha zvetAmbara samarthaka tathyoM ke AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA, vahIM digambara paramparA ke vidvAnoM ne bhASya aura prazamarati ke kartA ko tattvArtha ke kartA se bhinna batAkara tathA mUlagrantha meM zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatAoM se kucha bhinnatA dikhAkara unheM digambara paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jabaki paM0 nAthUrAma premI jaise kucha taTastha vidvAnoM ne grantha meM upalabdha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM se viruddha tathyoM ko ubhArakara aura yApanIya mAnyatAoM se nikaTatA dikhAkara unheM yApanIya paramparA kA siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / vastutaH ye samasta prayAsa tattvArthasUtra kI paramparA ke sandarbha meM kisI bho nizcita avadhAraNA ko banAne meM taba taka sahAyaka nahIM ho sakate, jaba taka ki hama umAsvAti ke kAla kA aura ina tInoM dhArAoM ke utpanna hone ke kAla kA nizcaya nahIM kara lete haiM / ataH sabase pahale hameM yahI dekhanA hogA ki umAsvAti kisa kAla ke haiM, kyoMki isI AdhAra para unakI paramparA kA nirdhAraNa saMbhava hai / umAsvAti ke kAla nirNaya ke sandarbha meM jo bhI prayAsa hue haiM ve sabhI unheM prathama se cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya kA siddha karate haiM / umAsvAti ke granthoM meM hameM saptabhaMgI aura guNasthAna siddhAnta kA sunizcita svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotA / yadyapi guNasthAna siddhAnta se sambandhita kucha pAribhASika zabdoM ko upasthiti se itanA saMketa avazya milatA hai ki ye avadhAraNAyeM apane svarUpa nirdhAraNa kI dizA meM gatizIla thI / isase hama isa niSkarSa para to pahu~ca hI rukate haiM. ki umAsvAti ina avadhAraNAoM ke sunirdhArita evaM sunizcita hone ke pUrva hI hue haiM / tattvArthasUtra ko jo prAcIna TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM unameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthaM bhASya ko aura digambara paramparA meM sarvArthasiddhi ko prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai / inameM se tattvArthaM bhASya meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI spaSTa avadhAraNA upalabdha nahIM hai jabaki sarvArthasiddhi meM guNasthAna kA spaSTa evaM vistRta vivaraNa hai / ' tattvArthasUtra kI paravartI 1. dekheM sarvArthasiddhi - saM0 phUlacandajo siddhAntazAstrI; sUtra 18 kI TIkA /

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130 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMka tattvArtha rAjavArtika meM cauthe adhyAya ke anta meM saptabhaMgI kA tathA 9veM adhyAya ke prArambha meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA pUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karate haiN| tattvArtha kI TIkAoM ke atirikta anya granthoM meM zve. AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM jIva-ThANa ke nAma se' yApanIya grantha SaTkhaNDAgama meM jIva samAsa ke nAma se aura digambara paramparA meM kundakunda ke granthoM guNaThANa ke nAma se isa siddhAnta kA ullekha milatA hai| ye sabhI grantha lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI ke AsapAsa ke haiN| isalie itanA to nizcita hai ki tattvArtha kI racanA cauthI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI hai| yaha sahI hai ki IsA dUsarI zatAbdI se vastra-pAtra ke prazna para vivAda prArambha ho gayA phira bhI yaha nizcita hai ki pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM pUrva zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya jaise sampradAya astitva meM nahIM A pAye the| nirgranthasaMgha (digambara), zvetapaTa mahAzramaNasaMgha aura yApanIya saMgha kA sarva prathama ullekha halsI ke pAMcavIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM hI milatA hai| mUlasaMgha kA ullekha usase kucha pahale I0 san 370 evaM 42' kA hai" tattvArtha ke mUlapAThoM kI kahIM digambara paramparA se, kahIM zvetAmbara paramparA se aura kahIM yApanIya paramparA se saMgati honA aura kahIM visaMgati honA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki vaha saMghabheda ke pUrva kI racanA hai| mujhe jo saMketa sUtra mile haiM usase aisA lagatA hai ki tattvArtha usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya spaSTa rUpa se vibhAjita hokara astitva meM nahIM Aye the| zrI kApar3iyA jI ne tattvArtha ko prathama zatAbdI ke pazcAt cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya meM aise bhI aneka tathya haiM jo na to sarvathA vartamAna zvetAmvara paramparA se aura na hI digambara paramparA se 1. samavAyAMga ( saM0 madhukara muni ) 14/95 2. SaTkhaNDAgama ( satprarUpaNA ) 1/1/5, 9-22 3. niyamasAra gA0 77 ( lakhanaU, aMgrejI anuvAda saha) aura samayasAra gA 55; uddhRta guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa-pro0 sAgaramala ___ jaina, tulasIprajJA khaNDa 18 aMka 1, apraila-jana 92, pR0 15-29 4. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( mANikacandra granthamAlA ) bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 98, 99 5. vahI, lekha kramAMka 90 evaM 94

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tatvArthasUtraH aura isakI paramparA : 131 mela khAte haiM / "hisTrI oNpha miDivala skUla oNpha iNDiyana lAjika' meM tattvArthasUtra kI tithi 1-85 A D. svIkAra kI gaI hai| pro0 viTaraniraja mAnate haiM ki umAsvAti usa yuga meM hue jaba uttara bhArata meM zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya eka dUsare se pUrNataH pRthak nahIM hue the| unakA grantha tattvArtha spaSTataH sampradAya bheda ke pUrva kA hai / sampradAya bheda ke saMbaMdha meM sarvaprathama hameM jo sAhityika sUcanA upalabdha hotI hai vaha Avazyaka mulabhASya kI hai, jo Avazyaka niyukti aura vizeSAvazyaka ke madhya nirmita huA thaa| usameM vIra nirvANa ke 609 varSa pazcAt hI boTikoMkI utpatti arthAt uttara bhArata meM acela aura sacela paramparAoM ke vibhAjana kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki mani ke sacela yA acela hone kA vivAda to AryakRSNa aura Arya ziva ke bIca vIra ni0 saM0609 meM huA thA, kintu paramparA bheda unake ziSya kauDiNya aura koTavora se huaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki spaSTa rUpa se paramparA bheda vIra ni0 saM0 609 ke pazcAt huA hai| sAmAnyatayA vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvata se 470 varSa pUrva mAnA jAtA hai kintu isameM 60 varSa kA vivAda hai, jisakI carcA AcArya hemacandra se lekara samakAlIna aneka vidvAna bhI kara rahe haiM / itihAsakAroM ne candragupta, azoka aura samprati Adi kA jo kAla nirdhArita kiyA hai usameM candragupta aura bhadrabAhu kI tathA samprati aura suhasti kI samakAlikatA vora nirvANa ko vikrama saMvat 410 varSa pUrva mAnane para hI adhika baiThatI hai| yadi vIra nirvANa vikrama saMvat ke 410 varSa pUrva huA hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki saMghabheda 609-410 arthAt vikrama saMvat 199 meM huaa| yadi isameM bhI hama kauDiNya aura koTTavIra kA kAla 60 varSa jor3e to yaha saMghabheda lagabhaga vikrama saMvat 259 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI uttarArdha meM huA hogaa| isa saMghabheda ke phalasvarUpa zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA kA spaSTa vikAsa to isake bhI lagabhaga sau varSa pazcAt hI huA hogaa| kyoMki, pAMcavIM zatI ke pUrva ina nAmoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / 1. History of Indian Literature by M. Winternitz. vol. II P-579 2. dekheM-jAla cApeMTiyara kA lekha-dI DeTa oNpha mahAvIra, iNDiyana eNTi___kverI, jilda jUna, julAI, agasta 1914 3. dekheM-mahAvIra kA nirvANa kAla-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina

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132 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI ke samavAyAMga jaise zvetAmbara mAnya AgoM aura yApanIya paramparA ke kasAyapAhaDa evaM SaTakhaNDAgama jaise granthoM se tattvArthasUtra kI kucha nikaTatA aura kucha virodha yahI siddha karatA hai ki usakI racanA inake pUrva huI hai| tattvArthabhASya kI prazasti tattvArthasUtra ke kartA ke kAla kA nirNaya karane kA Aja ekamAtra mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai / usa prazasti ke anusAra tattvArtha ke kartA ucca gara zAkhA meM hue / uccai gara zAkhA kA uccanAgarI zAkhA ke rUpa meM kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai| usameM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki yaha zAkhA Arya zAntizreNika se prArambha huii| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zAntizreNika Aryavajra ke guru siMhagiri ke gurubhrAtA the| zve0 paTTAvaliyoM meM Aryavajra kA svargavAsa kAla vIra nirvANa saM0 584 mAnA jAtA hai, yadyapi maiM isase sahamata nahIM haiN| ataH AryazAnti zreNika kA jIvana kAla vIra nirvANa 470 se 550 ke bIca mAnanA hogaa| phalataH AryazAntizreNika se ucca nAgarI kI utpatti vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM kisI samaya huI / isakI saMgati mathurA ke abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai uccai gara zAkhA kA prathama abhilekha zaka saM0 5 arthAt vikrama saMvat 140 kA hai, ataH umAsvAti kA kAla vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pazcAta hI hogaa| umAsvAti ke tattvArthabhASya meM unheM uccai gara zAkhA kA batAyA gayA gayA hai| isa zAkhA ke nau abhilekha hameM mathurA se upalabdha hote haiN| jina para kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva kA ullekha bhI hai| yadi inapara aMkita samvat zaka saMvat ho to yaha kAla zaka saM0 5 se 87 ke bIca AtA hai, itihAsakAroM ke anusAra kaniSka, huviSka aura vAsudeva I0 san 78 se 176 ke bIca hue haiN| vikrama saMvat ko dRSTi se unakA yaha kAla saM0 135 se 233 ke bIca AtA hai arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dvitIya zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura tRtIya zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha / abhilekhoM ke kAla kI saMgati Arya zAnti zreNika aura unase utpanna ucca nAgarI zAkhA ke 1. therehito NaM ajjasaMtiseNie hito NaM mATharasagottehito etya uccanAgarI sAhAniggayA / kalpasUtraM (kalpasuttaM), 218, prAkRta bhAratI jayapura / 2. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 19, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64; uccai gara zAkhA kA prathama lekha kaniSka varSa 5 kA antima lekha huviSka vAsudeva varSa 87 kA hai /

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 133 kAla se ThIka baiThatI hai| umAsvAti isake pazcAt hI kabhI hue haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne apane praguru ghoSanandI zramaNa aura guru zivazrI kA ullekha kiyA hai| majhe mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM khoja karane para sthAnika kUla ke gaNI uggahiNI ke ziSya vAcaka ghoSaka kA ullekha upalabdha haA hai| sthAnikakUla bhI usI koTikagaNa kA kUla hai, jisakI eka zAkhA ucca nAgarI hai| kucha abhilekhoM meM sthAnika kUla ke sAtha vajrI zAkhA kA bhI ullekha huA hai / yadyapi uccanAgarI aura vajro donoM hI zAkhAe~ koTikagaNa kI haiM / mathurA ke eka anya abhilekha meM 'nivatanA zIvada' aisA ullekha bhI milatA hai| nivartanA sambhavataH samAdhi sthala kI sUcaka hai, yadyapi isase ye AryaghoSaka aura Arya ziva nizcita rUpa se hI umAsvAti ke guru evaM praguru haiM, isa niSkarSa para pahuMcanA kaThina hai, phira bhI sambhAvanA to vyakta ko ho jA sakatI hai| ___ AyaM kRSNa aura Arya ziva jinake vIca vastra-pAtra sambandhI vivAda vIra ni0saM0609 meM haA thaa| una donoM ke ullekha hameM matharA ke kuSANakAlIna abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / yadyapi Arya ziva ke sambandha meM jo abhilekha upalabdha haiM, usake khaNDita hone se saMvat kA nirdeza to spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu 'nivatanAsIvada' aisA ullekha hai jo isa tathya kA sUcaka hai ki unake samAdhi sthala para koI nirmANa kArya kiyA gayA thaa| Arya kRSNa kA ullekha karane vAlA lekha spaSTa hai aura usameM zaka saMvat 95 nirdiSTa hai| isa abhilekha meM koTToyagaNa sthAnIya kUla aura vairI zAkhA kA ullekha bhI hai| isa AdhAra para Arya ziva aura Arya kRSNa kA kAla vi0 saM0 220 ke lagabhaga AtA hai / vastra-pAtra vivAda kA kAla vIra ni0 saM0 609 tadanusAra 602, ... 410 = vi0 saM0 199 mAnane para isako saMgati upayukta abhilekha se ho jAtA hai kyoMki Arya kRSNa kI yaha pratimA unake svargavAsa ke 30-40 varSa bAda hI kabhI bano hogii| usase yaha bAta bhI puSTa hotI hai ki Arya ziva Arya kRSNa se jyeSTha the| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalo meM bhI unheM jyeSTha kahA gayA hai, kintu katipaya paravartI racanAoM meM unheM Arya kRSNa kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| hAlA~ki yaha bAta ucita pratIta nahIM hotii| sambhAvanA yaha bhI hai ye donoM gurubhAI hoM aura 1. jainazilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 85 / 2. The Jain Stupa and other Anti quities of Mathura, Vincent A. Simth,-Indological Bookhouse 1969, p. 24.

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134 : tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA unameM Arya ziva jyeSTha aura Arya kRSNa kaniSTha hoM yA Arya ziva Arya kRSNa ke guru hoM / ina Arya ziva ko umAsvAti kA praguru mAnane para unakA kAla tIsarI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se cauthI zatAbdI pUrvArdha taka mAnA jA sakatA hai / cauthI zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM taka ke jo bhI jaina zilAlekha upalabdha haiM, unameM kahIM bhI zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya aisA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / vastra, pAtra Adi ke upayoga ko lekara vikrama saMvat kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha se vivAda prAraMbha ho gayA thA, kintu spaSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya paraMparAoM ke bheda sthApita nahIM hue the 1 vi0 saM0 kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM ke arthAt I0 san 475 se 490 ke abhilekhoM meM sarvaprathama zvetapaTTa mahAzramaNa saMgha ( zvetAmbara ), nirgranthamahAzramaNa saMgha ( digambara ) aura yApanIya saMgha ke ullekha milate haiM / pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI ne umAsvAti kA kAla caturtha zatI nirdhArita kiyA hai / yaha ucita hI hai / cAhe hama umAsvAti kA kAla prathama se caturthaM zatI ke bIca kucha bhI mAne kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ve saMgha bheda ke pUrva ke haiM / yadi hama umAsvAti ke praguru ziva kA samIkaraNa Arya ziva, jinakA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM bhI hai aura jo uttara bhArata meM vastrapAtra saMbaMdhI vivAda ke janaka the, se karate haiM to samasyA kA samAdhAna milane meM suvidhA hotI hai / Arya ziva vIra nirvANa saM0609 arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM upasthita the / isa AdhAra para umAsvAti tIsarI ke uttarArdha aura cauthI ke pUrvArdha meM hue hoMge, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ve isa paraMparA bheda meM bhI kauDiNya aura koTTavIra ke sAtha saMgha se alaga na hokara mUladhArA se jur3e rahe ho / phalataH unakI vicAradhArA meM yApanIya ora zvetAmbara donoM hI paraMparA kI mAnyatAoM kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai / vastra pAtra ko lekara ve vetAmbaroM aura anya mAnyatAoM ke sandarbha meM yApanIyoM ke nikaTa rahe haiM / isa samasta carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki umAsvAti kA kAla vi0 saM0 kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya hai aura isa kAla taka vastra pAtra saMbaMdhI vivAdoM ke bAvajUda bhI zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIyoM kA alaga-alaga sAmpradAyika astitva nahIM bana pAyA thA / spaSTa sampradAya bheda, saiddhAntika mAnyatAoM kA nirdhAraNa aura zvetAmbara, 'digambara aura yApanIya jaise nAmakaraNa pA~cavI zatAbdI ke bAda hI astitva meM Aye haiM / umAsvAti nizcita hI spaSTa saMpradAya bheda aura sAmpradAyika

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tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA : 135 mAnyatAoM ke nirdhAraNa ke pUrva ke AcArya haiN| ve usa saMkramaNa kAla meM hue haiM, jaba zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya saMpradAya aura unakI sAmpradAyika mAnyatAe~ aura sthira ho rahI thii| ve usa artha meM zvetAmbara yA digambara nahIM hai, jisa artha meM Aja hama ina zabdoM kA artha lete haiM / ve yApanIya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki yApanIya sampradAya kA sarvaprathama abhilekhIya pramANa bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha aura IsA kI pAMcavIM zato ke uttarArdha ( I0 san 475 ) kA milatA hai / ataH ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIyoM ko pUrvaja uttara bhArata ko nirgrantha dhArA kI koTikagaNa ko uccanAgarI zAkhA meM hue haiN| unake saMbaMdha meM itanA mAnanA ho paryApta hai| unheM zvetAmvara, digaMbara yA yApanIya sampradAya se jor3anA ucita nahIM hai| umAsvAti kA janma-sthala evaM kAryakSetra tattvArthasUtra ke praNetA umAsvAti ne tattvArtha-bhASya ko antima prazasti meM apane ko uccainAMgara zAkhA kA kahA hai tathA apanA janma-sthAna nyagrodhikA vatAyA hai| ataH uccairnAgara zAkhA ke utpatti-sthala evaM umAsvAti ke janma-sthala kA abhijJAna ( pahacAna ) karanA Avazyaka hai| uccai gara zAkhA kA ullekha na kevala tattvArtha-bhASya' meM upalabdha hotA hai, apitu zvetAmvara paramparA meM mAnya kalpasUtra kI sthavirAvalore meM tathA mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke anusAra uccairnAgara zAkhA koTikagaNa kI eka zAkhA thii| mathurA ke 20 abhilekhoM meM koTikagaNa tathA nau abhilekhoM meM uccai gara zAkhA kA ullekha milatA hai / koTikagaNa koTivarSa ke nivAsI Arya susthita se nikalA thA / koTivarSa ko pahacAna purAtattvavidoM ne uttara baMgAla ke pharIdapura se kI hai| isI koTikagaNa ke Arya zAnti zreNika se uccai - gara zAkhA ke nikalane kA ullekha hai| kalpasUtra ke gaNa, kula aura zAkhAoM kA sambandha vyaktiyoM yA sthAno ( nagaroM) se rahA hai jaise1. tattvArthabhASya antima-prazasti, zloka saM0 3, 5 2. kalpasUtra, sthavirAlI 218 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-2 lekhakramAMka, 10, 20, 22, 23, 31, 35, 36, 50, 64, 71 4. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI, 216 5. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI (le0 vijayendra kumAra mAthura ) pR0 saM0 231

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136 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA vAraNagaNa, vAraNAvarta se sambandhita thA, koTikagaNa koTivarSa se saMbaMdhita thA, yadyapi kucha gaNa vyaktiyoM se bhI sabandhita the| zAkhAoM meM kauzambiyA, koDambAnI, candranAgarI, mAdhyamikA, saurASTrikA, uccainagira Adi zAkhAe~ mukhyatayA nagaroM se sambandhita rahI haiN| uccai gara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala U~ceharA (ma0 pra0) yahA~ hama uccainAMgara zAkhA ke sandarbha meM hI carcA kareMge / vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki vaha uccairnagara kahA~ sthita thA, jisase yaha zAkhA nikalI thii| muni zrI kalyANavijaya jI aura horAlAla kApar3iyA ne kaniMghama ko AdhAra banAte hue, isa uccai gara zAkhA kA sambandha vartamAna bulandazahara pUrvanAma varaNa se jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI ne bhI tattvArtha ko bhUmikA meM isI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kaniMghama likhate haiM ki "varaNa yA bAraNa yaha nAma hindU itihAsa meM ajJAta hai| 'baraNa' ke cAra sikke bulandazahara se prApta hue haiN| musalamAna lekhakoM ne ise baraNa kahA hai / maiM samajhatA hU~ ki yaha vahI jagaha hogI aura isakA nAmakaraNa rAjA ahibaraNa ke nAma ke AdhAra para huA hogA jo ki tomara vaMza se sambandhita thA aura jisane yaha kilA bahuta purAnA hai aura eka UMce TIle para banA huA hai jisake AdhAra para hinduoM dvArA yaha U~cA gA~va yA U~cA nagara kahA gayA hai aura musalamAnoM ne use bulandazahara kahA hai|' yadyapi kaniMghama ne kahIM bhI isakA sambandha uccai gara zAkhA se nahIM batAyA, kintu unake dvArA bulandazahara kA U~cAnagara ke rUpa meM ullekha hone se muni kalyANavijaya jo aura kApar3iyA jI ne tathA bAda meM paM0 sukhalAla jI ne uccai gara zAkhA ko bulandazahara se jor3ane kA prayAsa kiyaa| pro0 kApar3iyA ne yadyapi apanA koI spaSTa abhimata nahIM diyA hai / ve likhate haiM "isa zAkhA kA nAmakaraNa kisI nagara ke AdhAra para ho huA hogA, kintu isakI pahacAna apekSAkRta kaThina hai, kyoMki bahuta sAre aise grAma aura zahara haiM jinake anta meM 'nagara' nAma pAyA jAtA hai| ve Age bhI likhata ha ki kanighama kA vizvAsa hai ki yaha U~cAnagara se sambandhita hogii|" ki kanighama ne AkiyolAjikala sarve Apha iNDiyA ke 14veM khaNDa me bulandazahara kA samIkaraNa U~cA nagara se kiyA thaa| isI 1. Archaeological Survey of India. Vol/. 14, P, 47 2. tattvArthAdhigamasUtram (dvitIya vibhAga) prastAvanA, hIrAlAla kApar3iyA, pR06

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 137 AdhAra para muni kalyANavijaya jo ne yaha likha diyA hai "U~cA nagarI zAkhA prAcIna U~cA nagarI se prasiddha huI thii| U~cA nagarI ko Ajakala bulandazahara kahate haiN|" isa sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAla jo kA kathana hai'uccai gara' zAkhA kA prAkRta nAma 'uccAnAgara' milatA hai| yaha zAkhA kisI grAma yA zahara ke nAma para prasiddha huI hogI, yaha to spaSTa dIkhatA hai; parantu yaha grAma kauna-sA thA, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai| bhArata ke aneka bhAgoM meM 'nagara' nAma se yA anta meM 'nagara' zabdavAle aneka zahara tathA grAma haiN| 'var3anagara' gujarAta kA purAnA tathA prasiddha nagara hai / bar3a kA artha moTA ( vizAla ) aura moTA kA artha kadAcit U~cA bhI hotA hai| lekina gujarAta meM bar3anagara nAma bhI pUrvadeza ke usa athavA usa jaise nAma ke zahara se liyA gayA hogA, aisI bhI vidvAnoM ko kalpanA hai / isase uccanAgara zAkhA kA bar3anagara ke sAtha hI sambandha hai, yaha jora dekara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake atirikta jaba uccanAgara zAkhA utpanna huI, usa kAla meM bar3anagara thA yA nahIM aura thA to usake sAtha jainoM kA kitanA sambandha thA, yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / uccanAgara zAkhA ke udbhava ke samaya jainAcAryoM kA mukhya vihAra gaMgA-yamunA ko tarapha hone ke pramANa milate haiM / ataH bar3anagara ke sAtha uccanAgara zAkhA ke sambandha kA kalpanA sabala nahIM rhtii| isa viSaya meM kanighama kA kahanA hai "yaha bhaugolika nAma uttara-pazcima prAnta ke Adhunika bulandazahara ke antargata 'uccanagara' nAma ke kile ke sAtha mela khAtA hai|" kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki U~cAnAgara zAkhA kA sambandha bulandazahara se tabhI jor3A jA sakatA hai jaba usakA astitva I0pU0 prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga rahA ho / mAtra yahI nahIM usa kAla meM vaha U~cAnagara kahalAtA bhI ho / isa nagara ke prAcIna 'baraNa' nAma kA ullekha to hai, kintu yaha bho 9-10voM zatAbdo se pUrva kA jJAta nahIM hotA hai| bAraNa (baraNa) nAma se kaba isakA nAma bulandazahara huA, isake sambandha meM unhoMne apanI asamarthatA vyakta kI hai| yaha hinduoM dvArA U~cAgA~va yA U~cAnagara kahA jAtA thA-mujhe to yaha bhI unakI kalpanA sI pratIta hotI hai / isa sambandha meM ve koI bhI pramANa prastuta nahIM kara 1. paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha ( muni kalyANa vijaya ), pR0 37 2. tattvArthasUtra, (vivecaka paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI), prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, pR0 saM0 4

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1389 tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA sake haiN| barana nAma kA ullekha bho muslima itihAsakAroM ne dasavIM sadI ke bAda hI kiyA hai / itihAsakAroM ne isa U~cAgA~va kile kA sambandha tomara vaMza ke rAjA ahivaraNa se jor3A hai, ataH isakI avasthiti IsA ke pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI se pUrva to siddha hI nahIM hotI hai| yahA~ se mile sikkoM para 'govitasabArANaye' aisA ullekha hai / svayaM kaniMghama ne bhI yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai ki ina sikkoM kA sambandha vAraNAva yA vAraNAvata se rahA hogaa| vAraNAvarta kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM bhI hai jahA~ pANDavoM ne hastinApura se nikalakara vizrAma kiyA thA tathA jahA~ unheM jindA jalAne ke liye kauravoM dvArA lAkSAgRha kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA thA / bAraNAvA ( bAraNAvata ) meraTha se 16 mIla aura bulandazahara (prAcIna nAma barana ) se 50 mIla kI dUrI para hiMDona aura kRSNA nadI ke saMgama para sthita hai| merI dRSTi meM yaha vAraNAvata vahIM hai jahA~ se jainoM kA 'vAraNagaNa' nikalA thaa| 'vAraNagaNa kA ullekha bhI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI evaM mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| ataH bAraNAbata ( vAraNAvarta ) kA sambandha vAraNagaNa se ho sakatA hai na ki uccanagiro zAkhA se, jo ki koTigaNa ko zAkhA thii| ataH aba hameM isa bhrAnti kA nirAkaraNa kara lenA cAhie, ki uccairnAgara zAkhA kA sambandha kisI bhI sthiti meM bulandazahara se nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki uccai gara zAkhA kA sambandha kisI U~cAnagara se hI ho. sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM hamane isase milate-julate nAmoM kI khoja prAraMbha kii| hameM UMcAhAra, U~caDIha, UMcobasto, U~cauliyA, U~cAnA, U~cceharA Adi kucha nAma prApta hue| hameM ina nAmoM meM U~cahAra ( u0 pra0) aura U~ceharA ( ma0pra0 ) ye do nAma adhika nikaTa pratIta hue| U~cAhAra kI sambhAvanA bhI isa lie hameM ucita nahIM lagI . 1. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pR0 saM0 608, 640 2. kaniMghama-arkiyolAjikala sarva Apha iNDiyA, vAlyU0 14, pR0 147 3. vahI, 4. aitihAsika sthAnAvalI, pR0 saM0 843-44 5. kalpasUtra, sthavirAvalI, 212 6. U~ccha nAmaka anya nagaroM ke lie dekhie-The Ancient Geography of India (Cunningham ) pp. 204-205

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tatvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 139 ki usakI prAcInatA ke sandarbha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH hamane U~ceharA ko hI apanI gaveSaNA kA viSaya banAnA ucita samajhA / U~ceharA madhyapradeza ke satanA jile meM satanA reDiyo sTezana se 11 ki0mI0 dakSiNa kI ora sthita hai / U~ceharA se 7 ki0mI0 uttarapUrva kI ora bharahuta kA prasiddha stUpa sthita hai, isase isa sthAna ko prAcItA kA bhI patA laga jAtA hai / vartamAna OM ceharA se lagabhaga 2 ki0mI0 kI dUrI para pahAr3a ke paThAra para yaha prAcIna nagara sthita thA, isI se isakA U~cAnagara nAmakaraNa bhI sAthaka siddha hotA hai / vartamAna meM yaha vIrAna sthala 'khoha' kahA jAtA hai / vahA~ ke nagara nivAsiyoM ne mujhe yaha bhI batAyA ki pahale yaha uccakalpanagarI kahA jAtA thA aura yahA~ se bahuta so purAtAtvika sAmagrI bhI nikalI tho / yahA~ se gupta kAla arthAt IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke rAjAoM ke kaI dAnapatra prApta hue haiN| ina tAmra- dAnapatroM meM uccakalpa ( ucchakalpa ) kA spaSTa ullekha hai, ye dAnapAtra gupta saM0 156 se gupta saM0 209 ke bIca ke haiM / ( vistRta vivaraNa ke liye dekheM aitihAsika sthAnAvalI - vijayendra kumAra mAthura, pR0 260261 ) / isase isa nagara kI guptakAla meM to avasthiti spaSTa ho jAtI hai / punaH jisa prakAra vidizA ke samIpa sAMco kA stUpa nirmita huA hai usI prakAra isa uccairnagara ( U~ caherA ) ke samIpa bharahuta kA stUpa nirmita huA thA aura yaha stUpa I0 pU0 dUsarI yA prathama zatI kA hai / itihAsakAroM ne ise zuMga kAla kA mAnA hai / bharahuta ke stUpa ke pUrvI toraNa para 'vAcchitta dhanabhUti kA ullekha hai / ' punaH abhilekhoM meM 'suganaM raje' aisA ullekha hone se zuMga kAla meM isakA honA sunizcita hai | ataH uccairnAgara zAkhA kA sthApanA kAla ( lagabhaga I0 pU0 prathama zatI) aura isa nagara kA sattAkAla samAna ho hai / ataH ise uccairnAgara zAkhA kA utpatti sthala mAnane meM kAla dRSTi se koI bAdhA nahIM hai / U~ceharA ( ucca kalpanagara ) eka prAcIna nagara thA, isameM aba koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA hai / yaha nagara vaizAlI yA pATaliputra se vArANasI hokara bharukaccha ko jAne vAle athavA zrAvastI se kauzAmvI hokara vidizA, ujjayino aura bharukaccha jAne vAle mArga meM sthita hai / iso 1. bharahuta ( DaoN0 ramAnAtha mizra ), prakAzaka - hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla, ( ma0pra0) bhUmikA pR0 18 2. vahI, pR0 18-19

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140 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA prakAra vaizAlo-pATaliputra se padmAvatI ( pa~vAyA ), gopAdri ( gvAliyara) hote hue mathurA jAne vAle mArga para bhI isakI avasthiti thii| usa samaya pATalIputra se gaMgA aura yamunA ke dakSiNa se hokara jAne vAlA mArga hI adhika pracalita thA, kyoMki isameM bar3I nadiyA~ nahIM AtI thIM, mArga pahAr3I hone se kIcar3a Adi bhI adhika nahIM hotA thaa| jaina sAdhu prAyaH yahI mArga apanAte the| prAcIna yAtrA mArgoM ke adhAra para aisA pratIta hotA hai ki U~cAnagara kI avasthiti eka pramakha kendra ke rUpa meM thii| yahA~ se kauzAmbI, prayAga, vArANasI Adi ke mArga the| pATaliputra ko gaMgA-yamunA Adi bar3I nadiyoM ko binA pAra kiye jo prAcIna sthala mArga thA, usake kendra-nagara ke rUpa meM uccakalpa nagara (UcacAnagara) kI sthiti siddha hotI hai| yaha eka aisA mArga thA, jisameM kahIM bhI koI bar3I nadI nahIM AtI thI / ataH sArtha nirApada samajhakara ise hI apanAte the| prAcIna kAla se Aja taka yaha nagara dhAtuoM ke mizraNa ke bartanoM hetu prasiddha rahA hai| Aja bhI vahA~ kAMse ke bartana sarvAdhika mAtrA meM banate haiN| U~ceharA kA uccair zabda se jo dhvani-sAmya hai vaha bhI hameM isI niSkarSa ke lie bAdhya karatA hai ki uccai gara zAkhA kI utpatti isI kSetra se huI thii| umAsvAti kA janma sthAna nAgoda ( ma0pra0) umAsvAti ne apanA janma sthAna nyagrodhikA batAyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM bhI vidvAnoM ne aneka prakAra ke anumAna kiye haiN| caMki umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya kI racanA kusumapura (paTanA) meM kI thii| ataH adhikAMza logoM ne umAsvAti ke janmasthala ko pahacAna usI kSetra meM karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| nyagrodha ko vaTa bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para pahAr3apura ke nikaTa baTagohalI, jahA~ se paMcastUpAnvaya kA eka tAmra-lekha milA hai, se bhI isakA samIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| mero dRSTi meM ye dhAraNAe~ samucita nahIM haiN| uccai gara zAkhA, U~ceharA se sambadhita thI, usameM umAsvAti ke dIkSita hone kA artha yahI hai ki ve usake utpatti sthala ke nikaTa hI kahIM janme hoMge / uccai gara yA U~ceharA se mathurA jahA~ uccanAgarI zAkhA ke adhikatama ullekha prApta hue haiM tathA paTanA jahA~ unhoMne tattvArthabhASya kI racanA kI, donoM hI lagabhaga samAna dUrI para avasthita rahe haiN| vahA~ se donoM lagabhaga 350 ki0 mI0 1. tattvArthasUtra, bhUmikA (paM0 sukhalAlajI), pR0 5

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paraMparA : 141 kI dUrI para avasthita haiM aura kisI jaina sAdhu ke dvArA yahA~ se eka mAha kI padayAtrA kara donoM sthaloM para AsAnI se pahuMcA jA sakatA thaa| svayaM umAsvAti ne ho likhA hai ki ve vihAra ( padayAtrA ) karate hue kusumapura (paTanA) pahuMce the ( viharatApuravarekumumanAmni ) / ' isase yahI lagatA hai ki nyagrodha, ( nAgoda ) kusumapura ( paTanA ) ke bahuta samopa nahIM thaa| DaoN0 horAlAla jaina ne saMgha vibhAjana sthala rahavIrapura kI pahacAna dakSiNa meM mahArASTra ke ahamadanagara jile ke rAharo grAma se aura umAsvAti ke janmasthala ko pahacAna usI ke samIpa sthita "nidhoja' se ko, kintu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| prathama to vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se nyagrodha kA prAkRta rUpa nAgoda hotA hai, nidhoja nhiiN| dUsare umAsvAti jisa uccai gara zAkhA ke the, vaha zAkhA uttara bhArata kI thI, ataH unakA sambandha uttara bhArata se ho hai| ataH unakA janma sthala bhI uttara bhArata meM hI hogaa| uccAnagarI zAkhA ke utpatti sthala U~ceharA se lagabhaga 30 ki0 mI0 pazcima kI ora 'nAgoda' nAma kA kasbA Aja bhI hai| AjAdI ke pUrva yaha eka svatantra rAjya thA aura U~ceharA iso rAjya ke adhIna AtA thaa| nAgoda ke Asa-pAsa bho jo prAcIna sAmagrI milI hai usase yahI siddha hotA hai ki yaha bhI eka prAcIna nagara thaa| pro0 ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI ne nAgoda se 24 ki0 mo0 dUra nacanA ke purAtAttvika mahattva para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai / nAgoda ko avasthiti pannA ( ma0pra0), nacanA aura U~ceharA ke madhya hai| isa kSetroM meM zaMgakAla se lekara 9vIM-10vIM zato taka ko purAtAttvika sAmagro milatI hai, ataH isakI prAcInatA meM sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| nAgoda nyagrodha kA ho prAkRta rUpa hai, ataH sambhAvanA yaho hai ki umAsvAti kA janma sthala yahI nAgoda thA aura jisa ucca nAgaro zAkhA meM ve dIkSita 1. tattvArthAdhigamasUtra, svopajJa bhASya, antima prazasti, zloka saM0 3 2. digambara jaina siddhAnta darzana, prakA0 digambara jaina paMcAyata bambaI, digambara 1944 meM mudrita 'jaina itihAsa kA eka vilupta adhyAya' nAmaka pro0 hIrAlAla jaina kA lekha, pR0 7 3. saMskRti saMndhAna ( sampA0 DaoN0 jhinakU yAdava ) prakA0 rASTrIya mAnava saMskRti zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI vAlyUma III, 1990 meM mudrita 'bundelakhaNDa kI sAMskRtika dharohara, nacanA nAmaka pro0 kRSNadatta bAjapeyI kA lekha, pR0 31

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144 : tattvArthasUtra aura usako paramparA saMketa kiyA hai-umAsvAti usa kAla meM hue haiM jaba vaicArika evaM AcAragata matabhedoM ke hote hue bhI sAmpradAyika dhruvIkaraNa nahIM huA thaa| isI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki unake granthoM meM kucha tathya zvetAmbaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla, kucha tathya digambaroM ke anukUla aura kucha pratikUla tathA kucha tathya yApanoyoM ke anukUla evaM kucha unake pratikUla pAye jAte haiM / vastutaH unakI jo bhI mAnyatAeM haiM, uccanAgara zAkhA kI mAnyatAe~ haiM / ataHmAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para ve koTikagaNa kI uccanAgara zAkhA ke the| unheM zvetAmbara, digambara yA yApanIya mAna lenA saMbhava nahIM hai| 5. umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM jahA~ zvetAmbara vidvAn zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM ko prastuta karate haiM, vahIM digambara vidvAn SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke granthoM ko sattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra batAte haiN| kintu ye donoM hI mAnyatAe~ bhrAMta haiM, kyoMki umAsvAti ke kAla taka na to SaTkhaNDAgama aura na kundakunda ke grantha astitva meM Aye the aura na zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM kI balabhI vAcanA hI ho pAyI thI / SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke grantha jinameM gaNasthAna siddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hai, tattvArtha ke pUrvavartI nahIM ho sakate haiM / guNasthAna siddhAnta aura saptabhaMgI kI avadhAraNAe~ jo tattvArtha meM anupasthita haiM ve lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM astitva meM AyIM / ataH unase yukta grantha tattvArtha ke AdhAra nahIM ho sakate haiN| valabhI ko vAcanA bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hI sampanna huI hai ataH valabhI vAcanA meM sampAdita Agama-pATha bhI tattvArthasUtra kA AdhAra nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, kintu yaha mAnanA bhI bhrAMta hogA, ki tattvArtha kA AdhAra Agama grantha nahIM the| valabhI vAcanA meM AgamoM kA saMkalana evaM sampAdana to huA tathA unheM lipi baddha bhI kiyA gyaa| kintu usake pUrva una Agama granthoM kA astitva to thA hI, kyoMki valabho meM koI naye Agama nahIM bane the| umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve na to devadhi kI valabhI ( vIra0 saM0 980) ke the aura na skandila kI mAthurI vAcanA vIra ni0 saM0 840 ke the, apitu usake pUrva kI AryarakSita ko vAcanA ke the| yahI kAraNa hai ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kI avadhAraNAoM meM bhI kahIM-kahIM valabhI vAcanA se bhinnatA parilakSita hotI haiN| IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI meM jo Agama grantha upasthita the, ve hI umAsvAti

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tattvArtha sUtra aura usakI paramparA : 145 ke tattvArthasUtra kA upajIvya bane hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki una prAcIna AgamoM kA mAthurI aura valabho vAcanAoM meM saMkalana evaM sampAdana huA hai, nava-nirmANa nahIM, ataH yaha mAnanA bho bilkula galata hogA ki tattvArtha ke kartA umAsvAti ke sammukha jo Agama upasthita the, ve vartamAna zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM se bilkula hI bhinna the / ve mAtra inakA pUrva saMskaraNa the / 6. tattvArtha ke bhASyamAnya aura sarvArthasiddhimAnya aise do pATha pracalita haiM / inameM kauna-sA pATha prAcIna aura maulika hai tathA kauna-sA vikasita hai ? yaha viSaya vivAdAspada rahA hai / isa sambandha meM vistRta carcA ke bAda hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ce haiM ki jahA~ sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha bhASA, vyAkaraNa aura viSayavastu tInoM kI dRSTi se apekSAkRta zuddha, vyAkaraNa sammata aura vikasita hai, vahIM bhASyamAnya mUlapATha usako apekSA bhASAyI dRSTi se pUrvavartI aura kama vikasita pratIta hotA hai / ataH bhASyamAnyapATha kI prAcInatA suspaSTa hai / sujikA ohiro Adi videzI vidvAnoM kA bhI yahI mantavya hai / 7. isI se sambaddha hI eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki isa pATha parivartana kA uttaradAyI kauna hai ? sAmAnyatayA zvetAmbara vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA rahI hai ki yaha pATha parivartana digambara AcAryo ke dvArA kiyA gayA, kintu pUrva carcA meM maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki bhASyamAnyapATha kA saMzodhana karake jo sarvArthasiddhimAnyapATha nirdhArita huA hai, usa parivartana kA dAyitva digambara AcAryoM para nahIM jAtA hai / yadi pUjyapAda devanandI ne hI isa pATha kA saMzodhana kiyA hotA to va 'ekAdaza jine' Adi una sUtroM ko nikAla dete yA saMzodhita kara dete jo digambara paramparA ke pakSa meM nahIM jAte haiM / isa sambandha meM merA niSkarSa yaha hai ki sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha kisI yApanIya AcArya dvArA saMzodhita hai / pUjyapAda devanandI ko jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai unhoMne usI rUpa meM usako TIkA likho hai / punaH yaha saMzodhita pATha bho svayaM tattvArtha bhASya para AdhArita hai / isameM aneka bhASya ke vAkya yA vAkyAMza sUtra ke rUpa meM grahIta kara lie gaye haiM / jahA~ taka bhASyamAnya pATha kA prazna hai, vahI tattvArthasUtra kA mUla pATha rahA haiM aura zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI koI pATha saMzodhana nahIM kiyA haisiddhasena gaNi ko vaha pATha jisa rUpa meM upalabdha huA hai, unhoMne use vaisA hI rakhA hai yadi ve use saMzodhita karate yA sarvArthasiddhi ke pATha ke AdhAra

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146 : tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA para use apanI paramparAnusAra nayA rUpa dete, to phira mUla evaM bhASya meM jina mUla bhedoM kI carcA ve karate haiM, vaha sambhava hI nahIM hotI, ataH pATha saMzodhana na to digambaroM ne kiyA hai aura na zvetAmbaroM ne| usakA uttaradAyitva to yApanIya AcAryoM para jAtA hai| 8. tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kI svopajJatA bhI eka vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| isa sandarbha meM samasta vivecanA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| bhASya tattvArthasUtra kI anya TIkAoM kI apekSA avikasita hai usameM guNasthAna, syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI jaise viSayoM kA spaSTa abhAva hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajo premI Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI usakI svopajJatA svIkAra kiyA hai, ataH bhASya kI svopajJatA nirvivAda hai| 9. bhASya meM jo vastra-pAtra sambandhI ullekha hai, ve vartamAna zvetAmbara paramparA ke poSaka na hokara usa sthiti ke sUcaka hai, jo I0 sana kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI meM uttarabhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha kI thI aura jinakA aMkana mathurA kI muni pratimAoM meM bhI huA hai| mathurA ke isa kAla ke aMkano meM muni nagna hai, kintu usake hAtha meM kambala aura mukhavastrikA hai| kucha muni nagna hokara bhI pAtra yukta jholI hAtha meM lie hue haiM, to kucha jholI rahita mAtra pAtra lie hue haiN| yaha saba usa saMkramaNa kAla kA sUcaka hai jisake kAraNa vivAda huA aura phalataH zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA (uttarabhArata ko acela dhArA) kA vikAsa huaa| bhASya meM muni vastra ke lie cIvara zabda kA prayoga huaa| kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra jisa eka vastra ko lekara dokSita hue aura eka varSa aura eka mAha pazcAt jisakA parityAga kara diyA thA-use cIvara kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra mahAvIra lagabhaga eka varSa taka eka vastra ko rakhate hue bhI nagna rhe| yahI sthiti umAsvAti ke kAla ke sacela nirgrantha zramaNoM kI hai-ve sacela hokara bhI nagna hai| pAlI tripiTika meM nirgranthoM ko jo eka zATaka kahA gayA hai, vaha sthiti bhI tattvArtha bhASya ke kAla taka uttara bhArata meM yathAvata cala rahI jii| mathurA meM eka ora vastra dhAraNa kiye eka bhI muni pratimA nahIM milI, to dUsarI aura pUrNataH nirvastra pratimA bhI nahIM milI hai / kyoMki unake gaNa, kula, zAkhAyeM zvetAmbara mAnya kalpasUtra ke anusAra hai| ataH ve zvetAmbaroM ke pUrvaja AcArya haiM, isameM bhI sandeha nahIM raha jAtA hai|

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tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA : 147 10. umAsvAti ko yApanIya grantha SaTakhaNDAgama Adi kA anusaraNakarttA mAnakara yApanIya kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yApanIya paramparA pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt hI astitva meM AI hai aura SaTkhaNDAgama Adi meM gaNasthAna siddhAnta kA vistRta vivaraNa hone se ve tattvArthasatra se paravartI hai| vastutaH umAsvAti zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI dhArAoM kI pUrvaja uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha dhArA kI uccanAgara zAkhA meM hae haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ve sacela pakSa ke samarthaka rahe hoM, kintu isa AdhAra para unheM zvetAmbara nahIM kahA jA sktaa| apavAda rUpa meM sacelatA to yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya thii| hama dekhate haiM ki mathurA ke zilpa meM muniyoM kI mUrtiyoM ke jo aMkana haiM usameM ve sacela aura sapAtra hokara bhI nagna haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ke aMkana kA kAla aura umAsvAti kA kAla eka hI hai| isa AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki cAhe upasvAti ko apavAda mArga meM muni ke dvArA vastra aura pAtra grahaNa karane ke virodhI bhale na ho kintu ve usa artha meM sacelatA ke samarthaka bhI nahIM haiM jisa artha meM Aja zvetAmbara usakA artha grahaNa karate haiN| 11. ve zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM ke pUrvaja haiN| yadyapi itanA nizcita hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata kI prAcIna nigraMtha dhArA se sIdhe sambaddha nahIM the, kyoMki ve uttara bhArata meM hue haiN| unakA janmasthAna nyagrodhikA aura unakI ucca nAgarazAkhA kA utpatti sthala uccakalpanagara Aja bhI uttara-pUrva madhyapradeza meM satanA ke nikaTa nAgoda aura U~ceharA ke nAma se avasthita haiN| unakA vihAra-kSetra bhI mukhya rUpa se paTanA se mathurA taka rahA hai / isa sabase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ve dakSiNa bhArata kI acela dhArA se sambaddha na hokara uttara bhArata ko usa dhArA se sambaddha rahe haiM jisase Age calakara zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM paramparAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA jo Age calakara digambara nAma se abhihita huI, unase yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI paricita huI hai|

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hamAre mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Studies in Jaina Philosophy - Dr. Nathmal Tatia 100.00 2. Jaina Temples of Western India - Dr. Harihar Singh 200.00 3. Political History of Northern India From Jaina Sources - Dr. G.C.Choudhary 80.00 4. Concept of Matter in Jaina Philosophy - Dr. J.C. Sikdar 150.00 5. Jaina Theory of Reality - Dr. J. C. Sikdar 150.00 6. Jaina Perspective in Philosophy and Religion - Dr. Ramjee Singh 100.00 7. Aspects of Jainology, Vol. II (Pt. Bechardas Commemoration Volume) 250.00 8. Aspects of Jainology, Vol. III ( Pt. Malvania Feliciation Volume) 250.00 9. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa ( sAta khaNDa ) 560.00 10. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( do khaNDa) 340.00 11. jaina pratimA vijJAna - DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI 120.00 12. vajjAlagga (hindI anuvAda sahita)-vizvanAtha pAThaka 180.00 13. dharma kA marma -pro0 sAgaramala jaina 20.00 14. jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMtra - DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siNh| 70.00 15. prAkRta-hindI koza- sampAdaka : DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra. 120.00 16. mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN0 phUlacandra jaina 80.00 17. arhat pArva aura unakI paramparA -pro0 sAgaramala jaina 20.00 18. syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI naya - DaoN0 bhikhArI rAma yAdava 70.00 19. RSibhASita : eka adhyayana (hindI evaM aMgrejI) pro0 sAgaramala jaina 30.00 20. anekAnta, syAdvAda evaM saptabhaMgI-pro0 sAgaramala jaina 10.00 21. jaina-dharma kI pramukha sAdhviyAM evaM mahilAe~ DaoN. hIrAbAI boradiyA 50.00 *22. madhyakAlIna rAjasthAna meM jaina-dharma- DaoN0 ( zrImatI) rAjeza jaina 160.00123. jaina karma-siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa - -DaoN0 ravIndra nAtha mizra 100,00 24. jaina tIrthoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana - DaoN0 zivaprasAda. 100.00 25. mahAvIra nirvANabhUmi pAvA : eka vimarza - bhagavatI prasAda khetAna 60.00 pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5